United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
&EPA
Solid Waste
Best
Demonstrated
Available Technology
(BOAT) Background
Document for
Chlorinated Organics
Treatability Group
(K016, K018, K019,
K020, K030)
Proposed
Volume 2
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BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
SUPPORTING THE PROPOSED
LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS RULE
FOR
FIRST THIRD WASTES
VOLUME 2
CHLORINATED ORGANIC WASTE CODES
K016, K018, K019, K020, K030
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
James R. Berlow, Chief
Treatment Technology Section
March 23, 1988
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, 11 60604-3590
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Legal Background 1-1
1.1.1 Requirements Under HSWA 1-1
1.1.2 Schedule for Developing Restrictions 1-4
1.2 Summary of Promulgated BOAT Methodology 1-5
1.2.1 Waste Treatability Groups 1-7
1.2.2 Demonstrated and Available Treatment
Technologies 1-7
(1) Proprietary or Patented Processes 1-10
(2) Substantial Treatment 1-10
1.2.3 Collection of Performance Data 1-11
(1) Identification of Facilities for Site
Visits 1-12
(2) Engineering Site Visit 1-14
(3) Sampling and Analysis Plan 1-14
(4) Sampling Visit 1-16
(5) Onsite Engineering Report 1-17
1.2.4 Hazardous Constituents Considered and
Selected for Regulation 1-17
(1) Development of BOAT List 1-17
(2) Constituent Selection Analysis 1-27
(3) Calculation of Standards 1-29
1.2.5 Compliance with Performance Standards 1-30
1.2.6 Identification of BOAT 1-32
(1) Screening of Treatment Data 1-32
(2) Comparison of Treatment Data 1-33
(3) Quality Assurance/Quality Control 1-34
1.2.7 BOAT Treatment Standards for "Derived From"
and "Mixed" Wastes 1-36
(1) Wastes from Treatment Trains
Generating Multiple Residues 1-36
(2) Mixtures and Other Derived From
Residues 1 -37
(3) Residues from Managing Listed Wastes
or that Contain Listed Wastes 1-38
1.2.8 Transfer of Treatment Standards 1-40
1.3 Variance from the BOAT Treatment Standard 1-41
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-2
2.1.1 K016 Process Description 2-5
2.1.1 K018 Process Description 2-10
2.1.3 K019 Process Description 2-11
2.1.4 K020 Process Description 2-12
2.1.5 K030 Process Description 2-15
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-19
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group 2-19
3.0 APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-2
3.3 Available Treatment Technologies 3-5
3.4 Detailed Description of Treatment Technologies 3-6
3.4.1 Incineration 3-6
4.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY 4-1
4.1 Review of Performance Data 4-2
4.2 Accuracy Correction of Performance Data 4-3
4.2.1 Nonwastewater 4-4
4.2.2 Wastewaters 4-5
4.3 Statistical Comparison of Performance Data 4-8
4.4 BOAT for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 4-9
5.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 5-1
5.1 BOAT List Constituents Detected in the Waste 5-2
5.2 Constituents Detected in Waste But Not Considered
for Regulation 5-5
5.3 Constituents Selected for Regulation 5-6
5.3.1 Selection of Regulated Constituents in
Nonwastewater 5-6
5.3.2 Selection of Regulated Constituents in
Wastewaters 5-11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
6.0 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS 6-1
6.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater
Forms of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 6-2
6.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Wastewater
Forms of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 6-7
6.2.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards in
Proposed Rule 6-7
6.2.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards by an
Alternative Method to be Considered for the
Final Rule 6-11
7.0 CONCLUSIONS 7-1
8.0 REFERENCES 8-1
APPENDICES
A STATISTICAL METHODS A-1
A.1 F VALUE DETERMINATION FOR ANOVA TEST A-1
A.2 VARIABILITY FACTOR A-11
B MAJOR CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATION CALCULATIONS FOR B-1
K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030
C STRIP CHARTS FOR THE SAMPLING EPISODE AT PLANT A: C-1
WASTE FEED RATES, KILN TEMPERATURES, AFTERBURNER
TEMPERATURES AND EXCESS OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
D ANALTICAL QA/QC D-1
E WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE E-1
F DETECTION LIMITS FOR UNTREATED WASTES F-1
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
1-1 BOAT CONSTITUENT LIST 1-18
2-1 FACILITIES PRODUCING K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
WASTES BY STATE 2-3
2-2 FACILITIES PRODUCING K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
WASTES BY EPA REGION 2-4
2-3 MAJOR CONSTITUENTS IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
WASTES 2-21
2-4 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K016 2-22
2-5 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K018 2-23
2-6 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K019 2-24
2-7 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K020 2-27
2-8 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K030 2-28
3-1 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR - SAMPLE SET #1 3-33
3-2 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR -SAMPLE SET #2 3-36
3-3 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR - SAMPLE SET #3 3-39
3-4 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR - SAMPLE SET #4 3-42
3-5 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR - SAMPLE SET #5 3-45
3-6 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR - SAMPLE SET #6 3-48
3-7 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER SAMPLE SET # 1 3-51
3-8 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER SAMPLE SET #2 3-55
3-9 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER SAMPLE SET #3 3-59
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
3-10
3-11
3-12
4-1
4-2
4-3
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER SAMPLE SET #4
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER SAMPLE SET #5
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER SAMPLE SET #6
TREATMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR KILN ASH RESIDUE CORRECTED
FOR ACCURACY
TREATMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR SCRUBBER WATER CORRECTED FOR
ACCURACY (CALCULATED FOR PROPOSAL)
TREATMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR SCRUBBER WATER CORRECTED FOR
ACCURACY (TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019,
K020, AND K030
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
CORRECTED TOTAL CONCENTRATION DATA FOR ORGANICS IN
ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR ASH FROM TREATMENT OF
K019
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K016
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K018
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K019
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K020
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K030
Page
3-63
3-67
3-71
4-10
4-11
4-12
5-17
5-25
5-27
5-29
6-18
6-19
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-23
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Page
6-7 CORRECTED TOTAL CONCENTRATION DATA FOR ORGANICS IN
ROTARY KILN SCRUBBER WATER FROM TREATMENT OF K019 6-24
6-8 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K016 6-25
6-9 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K018 6-26
6-10 CALCULATION OF WASTEWASTER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K019 6-27
6-11 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K020 6-28
6-12 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR K030 6-29
6-13 CORRECTED TOTAL COMPOSITION DATA FOR ORGANICS IN ROTARY
KILN SCRUBBER WATER FROM TREATMENT OF K019 6-30
6-14 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K016
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE 6-31
6-15 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K018
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE 6-32
6-16 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K019
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE 6-33
6-17 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K020
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE 6-34
6-18 CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K030
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE 6-35
7-1 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NONWASTEWATER K016, K018,
K019, K020, AND K030 7-7
7-2 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR WASTEWATER K016, K018,
K019, K020, AND K030 7-8
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
2-1 GENERIC PROCESS DIAGRAM FOR PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED
ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2-6
3-1 LIQUID INJECTION INCINERATOR 3-11
3-12 ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR 3-12
3-14 FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATOR 3-14
3-15 FIXED HEARTH INCINERATOR 3-15
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BDAT Treatment Standards
K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030
Pursuant to the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) enacted
on November 8, 1984 and in accordance with the procedures for establishing
treatment standards under section 3004(m) of the Resource, Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing
treatment standards for the listed wastes, K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030
from the organic chemical industry. These treatment standards are based on
the performance of the treatment technology determined by the Agency to
represent Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT), rotary kiln inciner-
ation. This background document provides the detailed analyses that support
this determination.
These BDAT treatment standards represent maximum acceptable concen-
tration levels for selected hazardous constituents in the wastes or residuals
from treatment and/or recycling. These levels are established as a prerequi-
site for land disposal of these wastes in accordance with 40 CFR Part 268
(Code of Federal Regulations). Wastes that when generated contain the regu-
lated constituents at concentrations that do not exceed the treatment
standards are not restricted from land disposal. The Agency has chosen to set
levels for these wastes rather than designate the use of a specific treatment
technology. The Agency believes that this allows the generators of these
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wastes a greater degree of flexibility in selecting a technology or train of
technologies that can achieve these standards.
These proposed standards become effective no later than August 8,
1988, as described in the schedule set forth in 40 CFR 268.10. However,
because of the lack of nationwide incineration capacity at this time, the
Agency is proposing to grant a two year nationwide variance to the effective
date of the land disposal restriction for these wastes.
According to 40 CFR 261.32 (hazardous wastes from specific sources),
waste codes K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030, which are generated by the
organic chemicals industry, are listed as follows:
K016: Heavy ends or distillation residues from the production of
carbon tetrachloride
K018: Heavy ends from the fractionation column in ethyl chloride
production
K019: Heavy ends from the distillation of ethylene dichloride in
ethylene dichloride production
K020: Heavy ends from the distillation of vinyl chloride in
vinyl chloride monomer production
K030: Column bottoms or heavy ends from the combined production
of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene
Descriptions of the industry and specific processes generating these
wastes, as well as descriptions of the physical and chemical waste character-
istics, are provided in Section 2.0 of this document. The four digit Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) code most often reported for the industry
11
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generating these wastes is 2869 (Industrial Organic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere
Classified). The Agency estimates that there are approximately 47 facilities
that may generate wastes identified as K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030.
The Agency has determined that K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030
collectively represent one general waste treatability group with two subgroups
- wastewaters and nonwastewaters. For the purpose of the land disposal
restrictions rule, wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than or
equal to 1? (weight basis) filterable solids and less than or equal to 1#
(weight basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting this definition
are classified as nonwastewaters.
These waste treatability subgroups represent classes of wastes that
have similar physical and chemical properties within each treatability group.
EPA believes that each waste within these subgroups can be treated to the same
concentration when similar technologies are applied. The Agency has examined
the sources of these five organic chemical wastes, the specific similarities
in waste composition, applicable and demonstrated treatment technologies, and
attainable treatment performance in order to support a simplified regulatory
approach. While the Agency has not, at this time, specifically identified
additional wastes that fall into this treatability group or two subgroups,
this does not preclude the Agency from using the treatment performance data
used to develop these standards to develop standards for other similar wastes,
in the future. A detailed discussion of applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies is provided in Section 3.0 of this document.
iii
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K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030, as generated, are distillation
residues containing high concentrations of organic constituents and low
concentrations of metals and typically meet the definition of nonwastewaters.
Solid residues from the treatment of these organic wastes (such as incinerator
ash) are also included in this classification of nonwastewater. K016, K018,
K019, K020, and K030 wastewaters are generated primarily as a result of the
"derived-from rule" and the "mixture rule" as outlined in 40 CFR 261.3
(definition of hazardous waste). The most common K016, K018, K019, K020, and
K030 wastewaters are aqueous residues from treatment (such as scrubber waters
and direct contact cooling waters) and inadvertent mixtures of K016, K018,
K019, K020, and K030 with other aqueous wastes.
The Agency is proposing BDAT treatment standards for the two treat-
ability subgroups of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 wastes - wastewaters and
nonwastewaters. In general, these treatment standards have been proposed for
a total of 24 organic constituents which the Agency believes are indicators of
effective treatment for all of the BDAT hazardous constituents that have been
identified as present in the K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 wastes. The
organic constituents that are proposed for regulation in one or more of these
five waste codes are: carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, chloroethane,
chloroform, chloromethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-
tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-
ethane, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, p-Dichlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, hexa-
chlorobutadiene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, hexachloroethane,
IV
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hexachloropropene, naphthalene, pentachlorobenzene, pentachloroethane,
phenanthrene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Not all
constituents are proposed for regulation in all of the five waste codes
because either the constituents were not found in treatable quantities in the
untreated wastes or the Agency believes that they will be effectively
controlled through regulation of other constituents. A detailed discussion of
the selection of constituents to be regulated is presented in Section 5.0 of
this document.
BOAT treatment standards for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030
nonwastewater are proposed based on performance data from treatment by full-
scale rotary kiln incineration of representative samples of nonwastewater
K019. Performance data were not available from other treatment technologies.
Treatment performance data were transferred from K019 to nonwastewater K016,
K018, K020, and K030 for development of treatment standards for these wastes.
Rotary kiln incineration was determined to represent the best demonstrated
available technology (BOAT) for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 nonwaste-
waters. A detailed discussion of the identification of BDAT is presented in
Section 4.0 of this document. Proposed BDAT treatment standards for K016,
K018, K019, K020, and K030 wastewaters were developed based on data for
scrubber water from the rotary kiln incineration of K019 nonwastewaters. A
detailed discussion on transfer of data for development of proposed treatment
standards for wastewater and nonwastewater K016, K018, K020, and K030 is
presented in Section 6.0 of this document.
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This background document presents two methods for selection of
constituents for regulation. The constituents proposed for regulation in
wastewater were selected by considering the concentrations of BOAT List
organic constituents present in the untreated wastes K016, K018, K019, K020,
and K030. Also presented in the document is an alternative method for
selection of regulated constituents in wastewater which was developed after
the method used for proposal and which the Agency will consider for the
final rule. This method was used for selection of proposed regulated
constituents for nonwastewater forms of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 and
for most wastecodes in this proposal. In the alternate method, constituents
are selected for regulation after consideration of their concentrations in the
untreated waste, the level of control of the constituent that can be expected
through treatment required to comply with treatment standards established for
other constituents in the waste, and the relative difficulty associated with
achievement of effective treatment of the constituent by BDAT. In the
alternate method, EPA is basing its judgment of the level of difficulty of
treatment on the waste characteristics affecting performance of incineration
relative to constituents in the scrubber water residual, specifically, the
bond dissociation energy for the constituent.
The same steps were taken in calculation of wastewater treatment
standards under the proposed and alternative methods: (1) treatment concen-
tration data were adjusted for accuracy to account for analytical inter-
ferences associated with the chemical make-up of the sample, and (2) the
vi
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average of the adjusted data points was multiplied by a variability factor to
account for the variability inherent in the performance of the treatment
system, collection of samples, and analysis of samples. Numerical values of
treatment standards calculated for the proposed and alternate methods differ
slightly due to changes in the methodology used in transfer of accuracy
correction factors and variability factors when these factors were not
available or could not be calculated for constituent.
The following tables list the proposed BDAT treatment standards for
wastes identified as K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. The Agency is setting
standards based on analysis of total constituent concentration for K016, K018,
K019, K020, and K030 nonwastewaters and wastewaters. The units for total
constituent concentration are in parts per million on a weight by weight basis
(mg/kg) for nonwastewaters and in parts per million on a weight-by-volume
basis (mg/1) for wastewaters.
Vll
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BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR
NONWASTEWATER K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
Regulated Organic Constituents
9. Chlorobenzene
12. Chloroethane
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
137. Pentachloroethane
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
K016
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.96
NA
NA
27.2
5.44
5.44
27.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
K018
NA
5.96
NA
5.96
5.96
NA
NA
5.96
NA
27.2
5.44
NA
27.2
NA
NA
NA
5.44
NA
NA
NA
K019
5.66
NA
5.96
NA
5.96
NA
5.96
5.96
5.44
NA
NA
NA
27.2
NA
5.44
NA
NA
5.44
NA
18.7
K020
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.96
5.44
5.96
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
K030
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.96
NA
NA
NA
5.44
NA
27.2
18.7
NA
27.2
5.44
NA
13.6
18.7
NA - Not applicable.
for this waste.
This constituent is not being proposed for regulation
Vlll
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BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
WASTEWATER K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
Total Concentration (mg/L)
H-
X
Regulated Organic Constituents
7.
12.
14.
15.
22.
23.
41.
42.
45.
46.
68.
88.
110.
111.
112.
113.
115.
121.
136.
137.
148.
150.
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chlorome thane
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
1 , 2-Dichloroethane
1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloroe thane
Tetrachloroethene
1,1, 1-Trichloroe thane
1, 1,2-Trichloroe thane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
p-Dichlorobenzene
He xa ch lo r o be nz en e
Hexachloro butadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
Naphthalene
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachl or oe thane
1,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2, 4-Tr ichlorobenzene
K016
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.050
0.010
0.025
0.050
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
K018
NA
0.014
NA
0.014
0.014
0.014
NA
NA
0.014
NA
NA
NA
0.050
0.010
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.009
NA
NA
K019
0.014
NA
0.014
NA
NA
0.014
NA
0.014
NA
0.014
0.010
0.009
0.050
NA
NA
0.050
NA
0.010
0.050
NA
0.025
0.025
K020
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.014
0.009
0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.050
NA
NA
NA
0.009
NA
NA
K030
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.010
NA
0.050
0.025
NA
NA
0.009
0.025
0.025
NA - Not Applicable. This constituent is not being proposed for regulation for this waste.
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1. INTRODUCTION
This section of the background document presents a summary of the
legal authority pursuant to which the BOAT treatment standards were
developed, a summary of EPA's promulgated methodology for developing
BOAT, and finally a discussion of the petition process that should be
followed to request a variance from the BOAT treatment standards.
1.1 Legal Background
1.1.1 Requirements Under HSWA
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA), enacted on
November 8, 1984, and which amended the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), impose substantial new responsibilities on
those who handle hazardous waste. In particular, the amendments require
the Agency to promulgate regulations that restrict the land disposal of
untreated hazardous wastes. In its enactment of HSWA, Congress stated
explicitly that "reliance on land disposal should be minimized or
eliminated, and land disposal, particularly landfill and surface
impoundment, should be the least favored method for managing hazardous
wastes" (RCRA section 1002(b)(7), 42 U.S.C. 6901(b)(7)).
One part of the amendments specifies dates on which particular groups
of untreated hazardous wastes will be prohibited from land disposal
unless "it has been demonstrated to the Administrator, to a reasonable
degree of certainty, that there will be no migration of hazardous
constituents from the disposal unit or injection zone for as long as the
wastes remain hazardous" (RCRA section 3004(d)(l), (e)(l), (g)(5), 42
U.S.C. 6924 (d)(l), (e)(l), (g)(5)).
l-l
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For the purpose of the restrictions, HSWA defines land disposal "to
include, but not be limited to, any placement of ... hazardous waste in
a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land
treatment facility, salt dome formation, salt bed formation, or
underground mine or cave" (RCRA section 3004(k), 42 U.S.C. 6924(k)).
Although HSWA defines land disposal to include injection wells, such
disposal of solvents, dioxins, and certain other wastes, known as the
California List wastes, is covered on a separate schedule (RCRA section
3004(f)(2), 42 U.S.C. 6924 (f)(2)). This schedule requires that EPA
develop land disposal restrictions for deep well injection by
August 8, 1988.
The amendments also require the Agency to set "levels or methods of
treatment, if any, which substantially diminish the toxicity of the waste
or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration of hazardous
constituents from the waste so that short-term and long-term threats to
human health and the environment are minimized" (RCRA section 3004(m)(l),
42 U.S.C. 6924 (m)(l)). Wastes that meet treatment standards established
by EPA are not prohibited and may be land disposed. In setting treatment
standards for listed or characteristic wastes, EPA may establish
different standards for particular wastes within a single waste code with
differing treatability characteristics. One such characteristic is the
physical form of the waste. This frequently leads to different standards
for wastewaters and nonwastewaters.
1-2
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Alternatively, EPA can establish a treatment standard that is applicable
to more than one waste code when, in EPA's judgment, all the waste can be
treated to the same concentration. In those instances where a generator
can demonstrate that the standard promulgated for the generator's waste
cannot be achieved, the Agency also can grant a variance from a treatment
standard by revising the treatment standard for that particular waste
through rulemaking procedures. (A further discussion of treatment
variances is provided in Section 1.3.)
The land disposal restrictions are effective when promulgated unless
the Administrator grants a national variance and establishes a different
date (not to exceed 2 years beyond the statutory deadline) based on "the
earliest date on which adequate alternative treatment, recovery, or
disposal capacity which protects human health and the environment will be
available" (RCRA section 3004(h)(2), 42 U.S.C. 6924 (h)(2)).
If EPA fails to set a treatment standard by the statutory deadline
for any hazardous waste in the First Third or Second Third of the
schedule (see section 1.1.2), the waste may not be disposed in a landfill
or surface impoundment unless the facility is in compliance with the
minimum technological requirements specified in section 3004(o) of RCRA.
In addition, prior to disposal, the generator must certify to the
Administrator that the availability of treatment capacity has been
investigated and it has been determined that disposal in a landfill or
surface impoundment is the only practical alternative to treatment
currently available to the generator. This restriction on the use of
1-3
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landfills and surface impoundments applies until EPA sets a treatment
standard for the waste or until May 8, 1990, whichever is sooner. If the
Agency fails to set a treatment standard for any ranked hazardous waste
by May 8, 1990, the waste is automatically prohibited from land disposal
unless the waste is placed in a land disposal unit that is the subject of
a successful "no migration" demonstration (RCRA section 3004(g), 42
U.S.C. 6924(g)). "No migration" demonstrations are based on case-
specific petitions that show there will be no migration of hazardous
constituents from the unit for as long as the waste remains hazardous.
1.1.2 Schedule for Developing Restrictions
Under Section 3004(g) of RCRA, EPA was required to establish a
schedule for developing treatment standards for all wastes that the
Agency had listed as hazardous by November 8, 1984. Section 3004(g)
required that this schedule consider the intrinsic hazards and volumes
associated with each of these wastes. The statute required EPA to set
treatment standards according to the following schedule:
(a) Solvents and dioxins standards must be promulgated by
November 8, 1986;
(b) The "California List" must be promulgated by July 8, 1987;
(c) At least one-third of all listed hazardous wastes must be
promulgated by August 8, 1988 (First Third);
(d) At least two-thirds of all listed hazardous wastes must be
promulgated by June 8, 1989 (Second Third); and
(e) All remaining listed hazardous wastes and all hazardous wastes
identified as of November 8, 1984, by one or more of the
characteristics defined in 40 CFR Part 261 must be promulgated
by May 8, 1990 (Third Third).
1-4
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The statute specifically identified the solvent wastes as those
covered under waste codes F001, F002, F003, F004, and F005; it identified
the dioxin-containing hazardous wastes as those covered under waste codes
F020, F021, F022, and F023.
Wastes collectively known as the California List wastes, defined
under Section 3004(d) of HSWA, are liquid hazardous wastes containing
metals, free cyanides, PCBs, corrosives (i.e., a pH less than or equal to
2.0), and any liquid or nonliquid hazardous waste containing halogenated
organic compounds (HOCs) above 0.1 percent by weight. Rules for the
California List were proposed on December 11, 1986, and final rules for
PCBs, corrosives, and HOC-containing wastes were established
August 12, 1987. In that rule, EPA elected not to establish standards
for metals. Therefore, the statutory limits became effective.
On May 28, 1986, EPA published a final rule (51 FR 19300) that
delineated the specific waste codes that would be addressed by the First
Third, Second Third, and Third Third. This schedule is incorporated into
40 CFR 268.10, .11, and .12.
1.2 Summary of Promulgated BOAT Methodology
In a November 7, 1986, rulemaking, EPA promulgated a technology-based
approach to establishing treatment standards under section 3004(m).
Section 3004(m) also specifies that treatment standards must "minimize"
long- and short-term threats to human health and the environment arising
from land disposal of hazardous wastes.
1-5
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Congress indicated in the legislative history accompanying the HSWA
that "[t]he requisite levels of [sic] methods of treatment established by
the Agency should be the best that has been demonstrated to be
achievable," noting that the intent is "to require utilization of
available technology" and not a "process which contemplates
technology-forcing standards" (Vol. 130 Cong. Rec. S9178 (daily ed.,
July 25, 1984)). EPA has interpreted this legislative history as
suggesting that Congress considered the requirement under 3004(m) to be
met by application of the best demonstrated and achievable (i.e.,
available) technology prior to land disposal of wastes or treatment
residuals. Accordingly, EPA's treatment standards are generally based on
the performance of the best demonstrated available technology (BOAT)
identified for treatment of the hazardous constituents. This approach
involves the identification of potential treatment systems, the
determination of whether they are demonstrated and available, and the
collection of treatment data from well-designed and well-operated systems.
The treatment standards, according to the statute, can represent
levels or methods of treatment, if any, that substantially diminish the
toxicity of the waste or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration
of hazardous constituents. Wherever possible, the Agency prefers to
establish BOAT treatment standards as "levels" of treatment
(i.e., performance standards) rather than adopting an approach that would
require the use of specific treatment "methods." EPA believes that
concentration-based treatment levels offer the regulated community greater
1-6
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flexibility to develop and implement compliance strategies as well as an
incentive to develop innovative technologies.
1.2.1 Waste Treatability Group
In developing the treatment standards, EPA first characterizes the
waste(s). As necessary, EPA may establish treatability groups for wastes
having similar physical and chemical properties. That is, if EPA
believes that wastes represented by different waste codes could be
treated to similar concentrations using identical technologies, the
Agency combines the codes into one treatability group. EPA generally
considers wastes to be similar when they are both generated from the same
industry and from similar processing stages. In addition, EPA may
combine two or more separate wastes into the same treatability group when
data are available showing that the waste characteristics affecting
performance are similar or that one waste would be expected to be less
difficult to treat.
Once the treatability groups have been established, EPA collects and
analyzes data on identified technologies used to treat the wastes in each
treatability group. The technologies evaluated must be demonstrated on
the waste or a similar waste and must be available for use.
1.2.2 Demonstrated and Available Treatment Technologies
Consistent with legislative history, EPA considers demonstrated
technologies to be those that are used to treat the waste of interest or
a similar waste with regard to parameters that affect treatment selection
(see November 7, 1986, 51 FR 40588). EPA also will consider as treatment
those technologies used to separate or otherwise process chemicals and
1-7
-------
other materials. Some of these technologies clearly are applicable to
waste treatment, since the wastes are similar to raw materials processed
in industrial applications.
For most of the waste treatability groups for which EPA will
promulgate treatment standards, EPA will identify demonstrated
technologies either through review of literature related to current waste
treatment practices or on the basis of information provided by specific
facilities currently treating the waste or similar wastes.
In cases where the Agency does not identify any facilities treating
wastes represented by a particular waste treatability group, EPA may
transfer a finding of demonstrated treatment. To do this, EPA will
compare the parameters affecting treatment selection for the waste
treatability group of interest to other wastes for which demonstrated
technologies already have been determined. The parameters affecting
treatment selection and their use for this waste are described in
Section 3.4 of this document. If the parameters affecting treatment
selection are similar, then the Agency will consider the treatment
technology also to be demonstrated for the waste of interest. For
example, EPA considers rotary kiln incineration a demonstrated technology
for many waste codes containing hazardous organic constituents, high
total organic content, and high filterable solids content, regardless of
whether any facility is currently treating these wastes. The basis for
this determination is data found in literature and data generated by EPA
confirming the use of rotary kiln incineration on wastes having the above
characteristics.
1-8
-------
If no commercial treatment or recovery operations are identified for
a waste or wastes with similar physical or chemical characteristics that
affect treatment selection, the Agency will be unable to identify any
demonstrated treatment technologies for the waste, and, accordingly, the
waste will be prohibited from land disposal (unless handled in accordance
with the exemption and variance provisions of the rule). The Agency is,
however, committed to establishing treatment standards as soon as new or
improved treatment processes are demonstrated (and available).
Operations only available at research facilities, pilot- and bench-
scale operations will not be considered in identifying demonstrated
treatment technologies for a waste because these technologies would not
necessarily be "demonstrated." Nevertheless, EPA may use data generated
at research facilities in assessing the performance of demonstrated
technologies.
As discussed earlier, Congress intended that technologies used to
establish treatment standards under Section 3004(m) be not only
"demonstrated," but also available. To decide whether demonstrated
technologies may be considered "available," the Agency determines whether
they (1) are commercially available and (2) substantially diminish the
toxicity of the waste or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration
of hazardous constituents from the waste.
EPA will only set treatment standards based on a technology that
meets the above criteria. Thus, the decision to classify a technology as
"unavailable" will have a direct impact on the treatment standard. If
1-9
-------
the best technology is unavailable, the treatment standard will be based
on the next best treatment technology determined to be available. To the
extent that the resulting treatment standards are less stringent, greater
concentrations of hazardous constituents in the treatment residuals could
be placed in land disposal units.
There also may be circumstances in which EPA concludes that for a
given waste none of the demonstrated treatment technologies are
"available" for purposes of establishing the 3004(m) treatment
performance standards. Subsequently, these wastes will be prohibited
from continued placement in or on the land unless managed in accordance
with applicable exemptions and variance provisions. The Agency is,
however, committed to establishing new treatment standards as soon as new
or improved treatment processes become "available."
(1) Proprietary or Patented Processes. If the demonstrated
treatment technology is a proprietary or patented process that is not
generally available, EPA will not consider the technology in its
determination of the treatment standards. EPA will consider proprietary
or patented processes available if it determines that the treatment
method can be purchased or licensed from the proprietor or is
commercially available treatment. The services of the commercial
facility offering this technology often can be purchased even if the
technology itself cannot be purchased.
(2) Substantial Treatment. To be considered "available," a
demonstrated treatment technology must "substantially diminish the
1-10
-------
toxicity" of the waste or "substantially reduce the likelihood of
migration of hazardous constituents" from the waste in accordance with
section 3004(m). By requiring that substantial treatment be achieved in
order to set a treatment standard, the statute ensures that all wastes
are adequately treated before being placed in or on the land and ensures
that the Agency does not require a treatment method that provides little
or no environmental benefit. Treatment will always be deemed substantial
if it results in nondetectable levels of the hazardous constituents of
concern. If nondetectable levels are not achieved, then a determination
of substantial treatment will be made on a case-by-case basis. This
approach is necessary because of the difficulty of establishing a
meaningful guideline that can be applied broadly to the many wastes and
technologies to be considered. EPA will consider the following factors
in an effort to evaluate whether a technology provides substantial
treatment on a case-by-case basis:
(a) Number and types of constituents treated;
(b) Performance (concentration of the constituents in the
treatment residuals); and
(c) Percent of constituents removed.
If none of the demonstrated treatment technologies achieve
substantial treatment of a waste, the Agency cannot establish treatment
standards for the constituents of concern in that waste.
1.2.3 Collection of Performance Data
Performance data on the demonstrated available technologies are
evaluated by the Agency to determine whether the data are representative
l-ll
-------
of well-designed and well-operated treatment systems. Only data from
well-designed and well-operated systems are included in determining
BOAT. The data evaluation includes data already collected directly by
EPA and/or data provided by industry. In those instances where
additional data are needed to supplement existing information, EPA
collects additional data through a sampling and analysis program. The
principal elements of this data collection program are: (a) identifi-
cation of facilities for site visits, (b) engineering site visit,
(c) Sampling and Analysis Plan, (d) sampling visit, and (e) Onsite
Engineering Report.
(1) Identification of Facilities for Site Visits. To identify
facilities that generate and/or treat the waste of concern, EPA uses a
number of information sources. These include Stanford Research
Institute's Directory of Chemical Producers, EPA's Hazardous Waste Data
Management System (HWDMS), the 1986 Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility
(TSDF) National Screening Survey, and EPA's Industry Studies Data Base.
In addition, EPA contacts trade associations to inform them that the
Agency is considering visits to facilities in their industry and to
solicit assistance in identifying facilities for EPA to consider in its
treatment sampling program.
After identifying facilities that treat the waste, EPA uses this
hierarchy to select sites for engineering visits: (1) generators treating
single wastes on site; (2) generators treating multiple wastes together
on site; (3) commercial treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
1-12
-------
(TSDFs); and (4) EPA in-house treatment. This hierarchy is based on two
concepts: (1) to the extent possible, EPA should develop treatment
standards from data produced by treatment facilities handling only a
single waste, and (2) facilities that routinely treat a specific waste
have had the best opportunity to optimize design parameters. Although
excellent treatment can occur at many facilities that are not high in
this hierarchy, EPA has adopted this approach to avoid, when possible,
ambiguities related to the mixing of wastes before and during treatment.
When possible, the Agency will evaluate treatment technologies using
commercially operated systems. If performance data from properly
designed and operated commercial treatment methods for a particular waste
or a waste judged to be similar are not available, EPA may use data from
research facilities operations. Whenever research facility data are
used, EPA will explain why such data were used in the preamble and
background document and will request comments on the use of such data.
Although EPA's data bases provide information on treatment for
individual wastes, the data bases rarely provide data that support the
selection of one facility for sampling over another. In cases where
several treatment sites appear to fall into the same level of the
hierarchy, EPA selects sites for visits strictly on the basis of which
facility could most expeditiously be visited and later sampled if
justified by the engineering visit.
1-13
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(2) Engineering Site Visit. Once a treatment facility has been
selected, an engineering site visit is made to confirm that a candidate
for sampling meets EPA's criteria for a well-designed facility and to
ensure that the necessary sampling points can be accessed to determine
operating parameters and treatment effectiveness. During the visit, EPA
also confirms that the facility appears to be well operated, although the
actual operation of the treatment system during sampling is the basis for
EPA's decisions regarding proper operation of the treatment unit. In
general, the Agency considers a well-designed facility to be one that
contains the unit operations necessary to treat the various hazardous
constituents of the waste as well as to control other nonhazardous
materials in the waste that may affect treatment performance.
In addition to ensuring that a system is reasonably well designed,
the engineering visit examines whether the facility has a way to measure
the operating parameters that affect performance of the treatment system
during the waste treatment period. For example, EPA may choose not to
sample a treatment system that operates in a continuous mode, for which
an important operating parameter cannot be continuously recorded. In
such systems, instrumentation is important in determining whether the
treatment system is operating at design values during the waste treatment
period.
(3) Sampling and Analysis Plan. If after the engineering site visit
the Agency decides to sample a particular plant, the Agency will then
develop a site-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) according to the
Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Land Disposal Restriction
1-14
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Program ("BOAT"), EPA/530-SW-87-011. In brief, the SAP discusses where
the Agency plans to sample, how the samples will be taken, the frequency
of sampling, the constituents .to be analyzed and the method of analysis,
operational parameters to be obtained, and specific laboratory quality
control checks on the analytical results.
The Agency will generally produce a draft of the site-specific
Sampling and Analysis Plan within 2 to 3 weeks of the engineering visit.
The draft of the SAP is then sent to the plant for review and comment.
With few exceptions, the draft SAP should be a confirmation of data
collection activities discussed with the plant personnel during the
engineering site visit. EPA encourages plant personnel to recommend any
modifications to the SAP that they believe will improve the quality of
the data.
It is important to note that sampling of a plant by EPA does not mean
that the data will be used in the development of treatment standards for
BOAT. EPA's final decision on whether to use data from a sampled plant
depends on the actual analysis of the waste being treated and on the
operating conditions at the time of sampling. Although EPA would not
plan to sample a facility that was not ostensibly well-designed and
well-operated, there is no way to ensure that at the time of the sampling
the facility will not experience operating problems. Additionally, EPA
statistically compares its test data to suitable industry-provided data,
where available, in its determination of what data to use in developing
treatment standards. The methodology for comparing data is presented
later in this section.
1-15
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(Note: Facilities wishing to submit data for consideration in the
development of BOAT standards should, to the extent possible, provide
sampling information similar to that acquired by EPA. Such facilities
should review the Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Land
Disposal Restriction Program ("BOAT"), which delineates all of the
quality control and quality assurance measures associated with sampling
and analysis. Quality assurance and quality control procedures are
summarized in Section 1.2.6 of this document.)
(4) Sampling Visit. The purpose of the sampling visit is to collect
samples that characterize the performance of the treatment system and to
document the operating conditions that existed during the waste treatment
period. At a minimum, the Agency attempts to collect sufficient samples
of the untreated waste and solid and liquid treatment residuals so that
variability in the treatment process can be accounted for in the
development of the treatment standards. To the extent practicable, and
within safety constraints, EPA or its contractors collect all samples and
ensure that chain-of-custody procedures are conducted so that the
integrity of the data is maintained.
In general, the samples collected during the sampling visit will have
already been specified in the SAP. In some instances, however, EPA will
not be able to collect all planned samples because of changes in the
facility operation or plant upsets; EPA will explain any such deviations
from the SAP in its follow-up Onsite Engineering Report.
1-16
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(5) Onsite Engineering Report. EPA summarizes all its data
collection activities and associated analytical results for testing at a
facility in a report referred to as the Onsite Engineering Report (OER).
This report characterizes the waste(s) treated, the treated residual
concentrations, the design and operating data, and all analytical results
including methods used and accuracy results. This report also describes
any deviations from EPA's suggested analytical methods for hazardous
wastes (Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, SW-846, Third Edition,
November 1986).
After the Onsite Engineering Report is completed, the report is
submitted to the plant for review. This review provides the plant with a
final opportunity to claim any information contained in the report as
confidential. Following the review and incorporation of comments, as
appropriate, the report is made available to the public with the
exception of any material claimed as confidential by the plant.
1.2.4 Hazardous Constituents Considered and Selected for Regulation
(1) Development of BOAT List. The list of hazardous constituents
within the waste codes that are targeted for treatment is referred to by
the Agency as the BOAT constituent list. This list, provided as Table
1-1, is derived from the constituents presented in 40 CFR Part 261,
Appendix VII and Appendix VIII, as well as several ignitable constituents
used as the basis of listing wastes as F003 and F005. These sources
provide a comprehensive list of hazardous constituents specifically
regulated under RCRA. The BOAT list consists of those constituents that
can be analyzed using methods published in SW-846, Third Edition.
1-17
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1521g
Table 1-1 BOAT Constituent List
BOAT
reference
no.
222
1
2
3
4
5
6.
223.
7.
8
9
10.
11.
12
13
14.
15.
16.
17.
18
19.
20.
21.
22
23
24
25
26
27.
28.
29
224
225.
226
30
227
31
214
32
Parameter
Volatiles
Acetone
Acetonitri le
Acrolein
Acrylomtri le
Benzene
Bromodichlorome thane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 , 2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Trans-1 ,4-Oichloro-2-butene
Oichlorodif luoromethane
1 . 1-Dichloroethane
1 ,2-Oichloroethane
1 , 1-Dichloroethylene
Trans-1, 2 -Oichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
cis-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
1 ,4-Oioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
CAS no.
67-64-1
75-05-8
107-02-8
107-13-1
71-43-2
75-27-4
74-83-9
71-36-3
56-23-5
75-15-0
108-90-7
126-99-8
124-48-1
75-00-3
110-75-8
67-66-3
74-87-3
107-05-1
96-12-8
106-93-4
74-95-3
110-57-6
75-71-8
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-35-4
156-60-5
78-U7-5
10061-02-6
10061-01-5
123-91-1
110-80-5
141-78-6
100-41-4
107-12-0
60-29-7
97-63-2
75-21-8
74-88-4
1-18
-------
1521g
Table 1-1 (continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
33
228
34
229
35.
37
38.
230.
39.
40
41.
42.
43
44.
45.
46.
47
48
49
231.
50
215.
216.
217
51.
52
53 -
54
55.
56
57.
58
59
2la
60
61
62.
Parameter
Volatiles (continued)
Isobutyl alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methacrylonitri le
Methylene chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1, 1,2, 2-Tetrach toroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane
1,1, 1-Tnchloroethane
1,1,2-Tnchloroethane
Trichloroethene
Tr ich loromonof luoromethane
1,2,3-Tnchloropropane
1.1.2-Tnchloro-l,2,2-trif luoro-
ethane
Vinyl chloride
1,2-Xylene
1.3-Xylene
1,4-Xylene
Semivolat i les
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
An 1 1 me
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz (a (anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzenethiol
Deleted
Benzo(a)pyrene
CAS no.
78-83-1
67-56-1
78-93-3
108-10-1
80-62-6
126-98-7
75-09-2
79-46-9
110-86-1
630-20-6
79-34-6
127-18-4
108-88-3
75-25-2
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
75-69-4
96-18-4
76-13-1
75-01-4
97-47-6
108-38-3
106-44-5
208-96-8
83-32-9
96-86-2
53-96-3
92-67-1
62-53-3
120-12-7
140-57-8
56-55-3
98-87-3
108-98-5
50-32-8
1-19
-------
1521g
Table 1-1 (continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
63
64
65
66
67
63
69.
70.
71.
72
73
74.
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
H5
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97.
98
99
100
101
Parameter
Semivolat i les (continued)
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Benzo(k)f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bts(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phtha1ate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dmi trophenol
p-Ch'oroani 1 me
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropionitn le
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
para-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
D i benz( a, h) anthracene
Oibenzo(a,e)pyrene
Dibenzo(a, i jpyrene
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenz id me
2,4-Oichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3.3' -Dnnethoxybenz id me
p-Dimethy laminoazobeniene
3,3' -Dimethy Ibenzidme
2.4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-OinHrobenzene
4,6-Dmitro-o-cresol
2, 4-Dmi trophenol
CAS no.
205-99-2
191-24-2
207-08-9
106-51-4
111-91-1
111-44-4
39638-32-9
117-81-7
101-55-3
85-68-7
88-85-7
106-47-8
510-15-6
59-50-7
91-58-7
95-57-8
542-76-7
218-01-9
95-48-7
106-44-5
108-94-1
53-70-3
192-65-4
189-55-9
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
91-94-1
120-83-2
87-65-0
84-66-2
119-90-4
60-11-7
119-93-7
105-67-9
131-11-3
84-74-2
100-25-4
534-52-1
51-28-5
1-20
-------
ISZlg
Table 1-1 (continued)
BOAT
reference
no
103.
103
104
105.
106
219.
107
108.
109
110.
Ill
112
113
114
115
116.
117
118.
119.
120.
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129.
130
131
132
133
134
131
136
137
lj<5
Parameter
Semivolat i les (continued)
2,4-Omitrotoluene
2,6-Dmitrotoluene
Oi-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosamme
Oiphenylamine
D i pheny 1 n 1 1 rosam i ne
1 , 2 -0 i pheny Ihydraz i ne
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach lorobenzene
Hexach lorobutad lene
Hexach lorocyclopentad iene
Hexach loroethane
Hexach lorophene
Hexach loropropene
Indeno( l,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isosaf role
Methapyri lene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Hethylenebis
(2-chloroam 1 me)
Methyl methanesulfonate
Naphtha lene
1 ,4-Naphthoqumone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamme
p-Nitroani 1 me
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamme
N-Nitrosodiethylamme
N-Ni trosodimethy lam me
N-NUrosomethy le thy lam me
N-Nttrosomorphol me
N-Nitrosopiperidme
n-Nitrosopyrrol idine
5-Nitro-o-toluidme
Pentach lorobenzene
Pentach loroethane
Pentach loromtrobenzene
CAS no.
121-14-2
606-20-2
117-84-0
621-64-7
122-39-4
86-30-6
122-66-7
206-44-0
86-73-7
118-74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
70-30-4
1888-71-7
193-39-5
120-58-1
91-80-5
56-49-5
101-14-4
66-27-3
91-20-3
130-15-4
134-32-7
91-59-U
100-01-6
98-95-3
100-02-7
924-16-3
55-18-5
62-75-9
10595-95-6
59-a9-2
100-75-4
930-55-2
99-65-8
608-93-5
76-01-7
82-68-8
1-2]
-------
1521g
Table 1-1 (continued)
BOAT
reference
no
139
140
141.
142
220.
143
144
145.
146.
147.
148
149.
150.
151
152.
153.
154.
155
156
157
158.
159.
221.
160.
161
162.
163.
164
165
166.
167
168.
169
170.
171.
Parameter
Semivolat i les (continued)
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacet in
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 , 2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Tnchlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl )
phosphate
Metals
Ant imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se len lum
Si Iver
Tha 1 1 lum
Vanadium
Zinc
Inoraanics
Cyanide
Fluoride
Sulf ide
CAS no.
87-86-5
62-44-2
85-01-8
108-95-2
85-44-9
109-06-8
23950-58-5
129-00-0
108-46-3
94-59-7
95-94-3
58-90-2
120-82-1
95-95-4
88-06-2
126-72-7
7440-36-0
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
7440-41-7
7440-43-9
7440-47-32
-
7440-50-8
7439-92-1
7439-97-6
7440-02-0
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
7440-28-0
7440-62-2
7440-66-6
57-12-5
16964-48-8
8496-25-8
1-22
-------
ISZlg
Table 1-1 (continued)
BOAT
reference
no
172
173.
174
175
176
177
178.
179
180
181.
182
133.
184.
IBS.
186.
187.
168.
1B9
190
191
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197
198.
199
200.
201.
202
Parameter
Orqanochlorme oesticides
Aldnn
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
garrma-SHC
Chlordane
ODD
ODE
DDT
Dieldrin
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan II
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Isodrin
Kepone
Methoxyclor
Toxaphene
Phenoxvacet ic acid herbicides
2,4-Oichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Si Ivex
" 2.4.5-T
Orqanophosohorous insecticides
Disulfoton
Famphur
Methyl parathion
Parathion
Phorate
PCBs
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
CAS no.
309-00-2
319-84-6
319-85-7
319-86-8
58-89-9
57-74-9
72-54-8
72-55-9
50-29-3
60-57-1
939-98-8
33213-6-5
72-20-8
7421-93-4
76-44-8
1024-57-3
465-73-6
143-50-0
72-43-5
8001-35-2
94-75-7
93-72-1
93-76-5
298-04-4
52-85-7
298-00-0
56-38-2
298-02-2
12674-11-2
11104-28-2
11141-16-5
1-23
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Table 1-1 (continued)
BOAT
reference Parameter CAS no.
no
PCBs (continued)
203. Aroclor 1242 53469-21-9
204 Aroclor 1248 12672-29-6
205 Aroclor 1254 11097-69-1
206 Aroclor 1260 11096-82-5
Oioxins and furans
207 Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
208. Hexachlorodibenzofurans
209. Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxms
210 Pentachlorodibenzofurans
211 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
212 Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
213 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxm 1746-01-6
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The initial BOAT constituent list was published in EPA's Generic
Quality Assurance Project Plan, March 1987 (EPA/530-SW-87-011).
Additional constituents will be added to the BOAT constituent list as
additional key constituents are identified for specific waste codes or as
new analytical methods are developed for hazardous constituents. For
example, since the list was published in March 1987, eighteen additional
constituents (hexavalent chromium, xylene (all three isomers), benzal
chloride, phthalic anhydride, ethylene oxide, acetone, n-butyl alcohol,
2-ethoxyethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, methanol,
methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-nitropropane, l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-
trifluoroethane, and cyclohexanone) have been added to the list.
Chemicals are listed in Appendix VIII if they are shown in scientific
studies to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on
humans or other life-forms, and they include such substances as those
identified by the Agency's Carcinogen Assessment Group as being
carcinogenic. Including a constituent in Appendix VIII means that the
constituent can be cited as a basis for listing toxic wastes.
Although Appendix VII, Appendix VIII, and the F003 and F005
ignitables provide a comprehensive list of RCRA-regulated hazardous
constituents, not all of the constituents can be analyzed in a complex
waste matrix. Therefore, constituents that could not be readily analyzed
in an unknown waste matrix were not included on the initial BOAT list.
As mentioned above, however, the BOAT constituent list is a continuously
growing list that does not preclude the addition of new constituents when
analytical methods are developed.
1-25
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There are 5 major reasons that constituents were not included on the
BOAT constituent list:
(a) Constituents are unstable. Based on their chemical structure,
some constituents will either decompose in water or will
ionize. For example, maleic anhydride will form maleic acid
when it comes in contact with water and copper cyanide will
ionize to form copper and cyanide ions. However, EPA may choose
to regulate the decomposition or ionization products.
(b) EPA-approved or verified analytical methods are not available.
Many constituents, such as 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, are not
measured adequately or even detected using any of EPA's
analytical methods published in SW-846 Third Edition.
(c) The constituent is a member of a chemical group designated in
Appendix VIII as not otherwise specified (N.O.S.). Constituents
listed as N.O.S., such as chlorinated phenols, are a generic
group of some types of chemicals for which a single analytical
procedure is not available. The individual members of each such
group need to be listed to determine whether the constituents
can be analyzed. For each N.O.S. group, all those constituents
that can be readily analyzed are included in the BOAT
constituents list.
(d) Available analytical procedures are not appropriate for a
complex waste matrix. Some compounds, such as auramine, can be
analyzed as a pure constituent. However, in the presence of
other constituents, the recommended analytical method does not
positively identify the constituent. The use of high pressure
liquid chromotography (HPLC) presupposes a high expectation of
finding the specific constituents of interest. In using this
procedure to screen samples, protocols would have to be
developed on a case-specific basis to verify the identity of
constituents present in the samples. Therefore, HPLC is not an
appropriate analytical procedure for complex samples containing
unkown constituents.
(e) Standards for analytical instrument calibration are not
commercially available. For several constituents, such as
benz(c)acridine, commercially available standards of a
"reasonably" pure grade are not available. The unavailability
of a standard was determined by a review of catalogs from
specialty chemical manufacturers.
1-26
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Two constituents (fluoride and sulfide) are not specifically included
in Appendices VII and VIII; however, these compounds are included on the
BOAT list as indicator constituents for compounds from Appendices VII and
VIII such as hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen sulfide, which ionize in
water.
The BOAT constituent list presented in Table 1-1 is divided into the
following nine groups:
Volatile organics
Semivolatile organics
Metals
Other inorganics
Organochlorine pesticides
Phenoxyacetic acid herbicides
Organophosphorous insecticides
PCBs
Dioxins and furans
The constituents were placed in these categories based on their chemical
properties. The constituents in each group are expected to behave
similarily during treatment and are also analyzed, with the exception of
the metals and inorganics, by using the same analytical methods.
(2) Constituent Selection Analysis. The constituents that the
Agency selects for regulation in each treatability group are, in general,
those found in the untreated wastes at treatable concentrations. For
certain waste codes, the target list for the untreated waste may have
been shortened (relative to analyses performed to test treatment
technologies) because of the extreme unlikelihood of the constituent
being present.
1-27
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In selecting constituents for regulation, the first step is to
summarize all the constituents that were found in the untreated waste at
treatable concentrations. This process involves the use of the
statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, described in Section
1.2.6, to determine if constituent reductions were significant. The
Agency interprets a significant reduction in concentration as evidence
that the technology actually "treats" the waste.
There are some instances where EPA may regulate constituents that are
not found in the untreated waste but are detected in the treated
residual. This is generally the case where presence of the constituents
in the untreated waste interferes with the quantification of the
constituent of concern. In such instances, the detection levels of the
constituent are relatively high, resulting in a finding of "not detected"
when, in fact, the constituent is present in the waste.
After determining which of the constituents in the untreated waste
are present at treatable concentrations, EPA develops a list of potential
constituents for regulation. The Agency then reviews this list to
determine if any of these constituents can be excluded from regulation
because they would be controlled by regulation of other constituents in
the list.
EPA performs this indicator analysis for two reasons: (1) it reduces
the analytical cost burdens on the treater and (2) it facilitates
implementation of the compliance and enforcement program. EPA's
rationale for selection of regulated constituents for this waste code is
presented in Section 5 of this background document.
1-28
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(3) Calculation of Standards. The final step in the calculation of
the BOAT treatment standard is the multiplication of the average
treatment value by a factor referred to by the Agency as the variability
factor. This calculation takes into account that even well-designed and
well-operated treatment systems will experience some fluctuations in
performance. EPA expects that fluctuations will result from inherent
mechanical limitations in treatment control systems, collection of
treated samples, and analysis of these samples. All of the above
fluctuations can be expected to occur at well-designed and well-operated
treatment facilities. Therefore, setting treatment standards utilizing a
variability factor should be viewed riot as a relaxing of 3004(m)
requirements, but rather as a function of the normal variability of the
treatment processes. A treatment facility will have to be designed to
meet the mean achievable treatment performance level to ensure that the
performance levels remain within the limits of the treatment standard.
The Agency calculates a variability factor for each constituent of
concern within a waste treatability group using the statistical
calculation presented in Appendix A. The equation for calculating the
variability factor is the same as that used by EPA for the development of
numerous regulations in the Effluent Guidelines Program under the Clean
Water Act. The variability factor establishes the instantaneous maximum
based on the 99th percentile value.
There is an additional step in the calculation of the treatment
standards in those instances where the ANOVA analysis shows that more
1-29
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than one technology achieves a level of performance that represents
BOAT. In such instances, the BOAT treatment standard is calculated by
first averaging the mean performance value for each technology for each
constituent of concern and then multiplying that value by the highest
variability factor among the technologies considered. This procedure
ensures that all the BOAT technologies used as the basis for the
standards will achieve full compliance.
1.2.5 Compliance with Performance Standards
All the treatment standards reflect performance achieved by the Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT). As such, compliance with these
standards only requires that the treatment level be achieved prior to
land disposal. It does not require the use of any particular treatment
technology. While dilution of the waste as a means to comply with the
standard is prohibited, wastes that are generated in such a way as to
naturally meet the standard can be land disposed without treatment. With
the exception of treatment standards that prohibit land disposal, all
treatment standards proposed are expressed as a concentration level.
EPA has used both total constituent concentration and TCLP analyses
of the treated waste as a measure of technology performance. EPA's
rationale for when each of these analytical tests is used is explained in
the following discussion.
For all organic constituents, EPA is basing the treatment standards
on the total constituent concentration found in the treated waste. EPA
based its decision on the fact that technologies exist to destroy the
1-30
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various organics compounds. Accordingly, the best measure of performance
would be the extent to which the various organic compounds have been
destroyed or the total amount of constituent remaining after treatment.
(NOTE: EPA's land disposal restrictions for solvent waste codes
F001-F005 (51 FR 40572) uses the TCLP value as a measure of performance.
At the time that EPA promulgated the treatment standards for F001-F005,
useful data were not available on total constituent concentrations in
treated residuals and, as a result, the TCLP data were considered to be
the best measure of performance.)
For all metal constituents, EPA is using both total constituent
concentration and/or the TCLP as the basis for treatment standards. The
total constituent concentration is being used when the technology basis
includes a metal recovery operation. The underlying principle of metal
recovery is the reduction of the amount of metal in a waste by separating
the metal for recovery; therefore, total constituent concentration in the
treated residual is an important measure of performance for this
technology. Additionally, EPA also believes that it is important that
any remaining metal in a treated residual waste not be in a state that is
easily Teachable; accordingly, EPA is also using the TCLP as a measure of
performance. It is important to note that for wastes for which treatment
standards are based on a metal recovery process, the facility has to
comply with both the total constituent concentration and the TCLP prior
to land disposal.
1-31
-------
In cases where treatment standards for metals are not based on
recovery techniques but rather on stabilization, EPA is using only the
TCLP as a measure of performance. The Agency's rationale is that
stabilization is not meant to reduce the concentration of metal in a
waste but only to chemically minimize the ability of the metal to leach.
1.2.6 Identification of BOAT
(1) Screening of Treatment Data. This section explains how the
Agency determines which of the treatment technologies represent treatment
by BOAT. The first activity is to screen the treatment performance data
from each of the demonstrated and available technologies according to the
following criteria:
(a) Design and operating data associated with the treatment data
must reflect a well-designed, well-operated system for each
treatment data point. (The specific design and operating
parameters for each demonstrated technology for this waste code
are discussed in Section 3.4 of this document.)
(b) Sufficient QA/QC data must be available to determine the true
values of the data from the treated waste. This screening
criterion involves adjustment of treated data to take into
account that the type value may be different from the measured
value. This discrepancy generally is caused by other
constituents in the waste that can mask results or otherwise
interfere with the analysis of the constituent of concern.
(c) The measure of performance must be consistent with EPA's
approach to evaluating treatment by type of constituents (e.g.,
total concentration data for organics, and total concentration
and TCLP for metals in the leachate from the residual).
In the absence of data needed to perform the screening analysis, EPA
will make decisions on a case-by-case basis of whether to include the
data. The factors included in this case-by-case analysis will be the
1-32
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actual treatment levels achieved, the availability of the treatment data
and their completeness (with respect to the above criteria), and EPA's
assessment of whether the untreated waste represents the waste code of
concern. EPA's application of these screening criteria for this waste
code are provided in Section 4 of this background document.
(2) Comparison of Treatment Data. In cases in which EPA has
treatment data from more than one technology following the screening
activity, EPA uses the statistical method known as analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to determine if one technology performs significantly better.
This statistical method (summarized in Appendix A) provides a measure of
the differences between two data sets. If EPA finds that one technology
performs significantly better (i.e., the data sets are not homogeneous),
BOAT treatment standards are the level of performance achieved by the
best technology multiplied by the corresponding variability factor for
each regulated constituent.
If the differences in the data sets are not statistically
significant, the data sets are said to be homogeneous. Specifically, EPA
uses the analysis of variance to determine whether BOAT represents a
level of performance achieved by only one technology or represents a
level of performance achieved by more than one (or all) of the
technologies. If the Agency finds that the levels of performance for one
or more technologies are not statistically different, EPA averages the
performance values achieved by each technology and then multiplies this
value by the largest variability factor associated with any of the
1-33
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acceptable technologies. A detailed discussion of the treatment
selection method and an example of how EPA chooses BOAT from multiple
treatment systems is provided in Section A-l.
(3) Quality Assurance/Quality Control. This section presents the
principal quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures employed
in screening and adjusting the data to be used in the calculation of
treatment standards. Additional QA/QC procedures used in collecting and
screening data for the BOAT program are presented in EPA's Generic
Quality Assurance Project Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions Program
("BOAT") (EPA/530-SW-87-001, March 1987).
To calculate the treatment standards for the Land Disposal
Restriction Rules, it is first necessary to determine the recovery value
for each constituent (the amount of constituent recovered after spiking,
which is the addition of a known amount of the constituent, minus the
initial concentration in the samples divided by the amount added) for a
spike of the treated residual. Once the recovery value is determined,
the following procedures are used to select the appropriate percent
recovery value to adjust the analytical data:
(a) If duplicate spike recovery values are available for the
constituent of interest, the data are adjusted by the lowest
available percent recovery value (i.e., the value that will
yield the most conservative estimate of treatment achieved).
However, if a spike recovery value of less than 20 percent is
reported for a specific constituent, the data are not used to
set treatment standards because the Agency does not have
sufficient confidence in the reported value to set a national
standard.
1-34
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(b) If data are not available for a specific constituent but are
available for an isomer, then the spike recovery data are
transferred from the isomer and the data are adjusted using the
percent recovery selected according to the procedure described
in (a) above.
(c) If data are not available for a specific constituent but are
available for a similar class of constituents (e.g., volatile
organics, acid-extractable semivolatiles), then spike recovery
data available for this class of constituents are transferred.
All spike recovery values greater than or equal to 20 percent
for a spiked sample are averaged and the constituent
concentration is adjusted by the average recovery value. If
spiked recovery data are available for more than one sample, the
average is calculated for each sample and the data are adjusted
by the lowest average value.
(d) If matrix spike recovery data are not available for a set of
data to be used to calculate treatment standards, then matrix
spike recovery data are transferred from a waste that the Agency
believes is a similar matrix (e.g., if the data are for an ash
from incineration, then data from other incinerator ashes could
be used). While EPA recognizes that transfer of matrix spike
recovery data from a similar waste is not an exact analysis,
this is considered the best approach for adjusting the data to
account for the fact that most analyses do not result in
extraction of 100 percent of the constituent. In assessing the
recovery data to be transferred, the procedures outlined in (a),
(b), and (c) above are followed.
The analytical procedures employed to generate the data used to
calculate the treatment standards are listed in Appendix D of this
document. In cases where alternatives or equivalent procedures and/or
equipment are allowed in EPA's SW-846, Third Edition (November 1986)
methods, the specific procedures and equipment used are also documented
in this Appendix. In addition, any deviations from the SW-846, Third
Edition, methods used to analyze the specific waste matrices are
documented. It is important to note that the Agency will use the methods
and procedures delineated in Appendix D to enforce the treatment
1-35
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standards presented in Section 6 of this document. Accordingly,
facilities should use these procedures in assessing the performance of
their treatment systems.
1.2.7 BOAT Treatment Standards for "Derived-From" and "Mixed" Wastes
(1) Wastes from Treatment Trains Generating Multiple Residues. In a
number of instances, the proposed BOAT consists of a series of operations
each of which generates a waste residue. For example, the proposed BOAT
for a certain waste code is based on solvent extraction, steam stripping,
and activated carbon adsorption. Each of these treatment steps generates
a waste requiring treatment -- a solvent-containing stream from solvent
extraction, a stripper overhead, and spent activated carbon. Treatment
of these wastes may generate further residues; for instance, spent
activated carbon (if not regenerated) could be incinerated, generating an
ash and possibly a scrubber water waste. Ultimately, additional wastes
are generated that may require land disposal. With respect to these
wastes, the Agency wishes to emphasize the following points:
(a) All of the residues from treating the original listed wastes are
likewise considered to be the listed waste by virtue of the
derived-from rule contained in 40 CFR Part 261.3(c)(2). (This
point is discussed more fully in (2) below.) Consequently, all
of the wastes generated in the course of treatment would be
prohibited from land disposal unless they satisfy the treatment
standard or meet one of the exceptions to the prohibition.
(b) The Agency's proposed treatment standards generally contain a
concentration level for wastewaters and a concentration level
for nonwastewaters. The treatment standards apply to all of the
wastes generated in treating the original prohibited waste.
Thus, all solids generated from treating these wastes would have
1-36
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to meet the treatment standard for nonwastewaters. All
derived-from wastes meeting the Agency definition of wastewater
(less than 1 percent TOC and less than 1 percent total
filterable solids) would have to meet the treatment standard for
wastewaters. EPA wishes to make clear that this approach is not
meant to allow partial treatment in order to comply with the
applicable standard.
(c) The Agency has not performed tests, in all cases, on every waste
that can result from every part of the treatment train.
However, the Agency's treatment standards are based on treatment
of the most concentrated form of the waste. Consequently, the
Agency believes that the less concentrated wastes generated in
the course of treatment will also be able to be treated to meet
this value.
(2) Mixtures and Other Derived-From Residues. There is a further
question as to the applicability of the BOAT treatment standards to
residues generated not from treating the waste (as discussed above), but
from other types of management. Examples are contaminated soil or
leachate that is derived from managing the waste. In these cases, the
mixture is still deemed to be the listed waste, either because of the
derived-from rule (40 CFR Part 261.3(c)(2)(i)) or the mixture rule
(40 CFR Part 261.3(a)(2)(iii) and (iv) or because the listed waste is
contained in the matrix (see, for example, 40 CFR Part 261.33(d)). The
prohibition for the particular listed waste consequently applies to this
type of waste.
The Agency believes that the majority of these types of residues can
meet the treatment standards for the underlying listed wastes (with the
possible exception of contaminated soil and debris for which the Agency
is currently investigating whether it is appropriate to establish a
separate treatability subcategorization). For the most part, these
1-37
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residues will be less concentrated than the original listed waste. The
Agency's treatment standards also make a generous allowance for process
variability by assuming that all treatability values used to establish
the standard are lognormally distributed. The waste also might be
amenable to a relatively nonvariable form of treatment technology such as
incineration. Finally, and perhaps most important, the rules contain a
treatability variance that allows a petitioner to demonstrate that its
waste cannot be treated to the level specified in the rule (40 CFR Part
268.44(a). This provision provides a safety valve that allows persons
with unusual waste matrices to demonstrate the appropriateness of a
different standard. The Agency, to date, has not received any petitions
under this provision (for example, for residues contaminated with a
prohibited solvent waste), indicating, in the Agency's view, that the
existing standards are generally achievable.
(3) Residues from Managing Listed Wastes or that Contain Listed
Wastes. The Agency has been asked if and when residues from
managing hazardous wastes, such as leachate and contaminated ground
water, become subject to the land disposal prohibitions. Although the
Agency believes this question to be settled by existing rules and
interpretative statements, to avoid any possible confusion the Agency
will address the question again.
Residues from managing First Third wastes, listed California List
wastes, and spent solvent and dioxin wastes are all considered to be
subject to the prohibitions for the underlying hazardous waste. Residues
1-38
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from managing California List wastes likewise are subject to the
California List prohibitions when the residues themselves exhibit a
characteristic of hazardous waste. This determination stems directly
from the derived-from rule in 40 CFR Part 261.3(c)(2) or in some cases
from the fact that the waste is mixed with or otherwise contains the
listed waste. The underlying principle stated in all of these provisions
is that listed wastes remain listed until delisted.
The Agency's historic practice in processing delisting petitions
addressing mixing residuals has been to consider them to be the listed
waste and to require that delisting petitioners address all constituents
for which the derived-from waste (or other mixed waste) was listed. The
language in 40 CFR Part 260.22(b) states that mixtures or derived-from
residues can be delisted provided a delisting petitioner makes a
demonstration identical to that which a delisting petitioner would make
for the underlying waste. These residues consequently are treated as the
underlying listed waste for delisting purposes. The statute likewise
takes this position, indicating that soil and debris that are
contaminated with listed spent solvents or dioxin wastes are subject to
the prohibition for these wastes even though these wastes are not the
originally generated waste, but rather are a residual from management
(RCRA section 3004(e)(3)). It is EPA's view that all such residues are
covered by the existing prohibitions and treatment standards for the
listed hazardous waste that these residues contain and from which they
are derived.
1-39
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1.2.8 Transfer of Treatment Standards
EPA is proposing some treatment standards that are not based on
testing of the treatment technology of the specific waste subject to the
treatment standard. Instead, the Agency has determined that the
constituents present in the subject waste can be treated to the same
performance levels as those observed in other wastes for which EPA has
previously developed treatment data. EPA believes that transferring
treatment performance for use in establishing treatment standards for
untested wastes is valid technically in cases where the untested wastes
are generated from similar industries, similar processing steps, or have
similar waste characteristics affecting performance and treatment
selection. Transfer of treatment standards to similar wastes or wastes
from similar processing steps requires little formal analysis. However,
in the case where only the industry is similar, EPA more closely examines
the waste characteristics prior to concluding that the untested waste
constituents can be treated to levels associated with tested wastes.
EPA undertakes a two-step analysis when determining whether wastes
generated by different processes within a single industry can be treated
to the same level of performance. First, EPA reviews the available waste
characteristic data to identify those parameters that are expected to
affect treatment selection. EPA has identified some of the most
important constituents and other parameters needed to select the
treatment technology appropriate for a given waste. A detailed
discussion of each analysis, including how each parameter was selected
for each waste, can be found in the background document for each waste.
1-40
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Second, when an individual analysis suggests that an untested waste
can be treated with the same technology as a waste for which treatment
performance data are already available, EPA analyzes a more detailed list
of constituents that represent some of the most important waste
characteristics that the Agency believes will affect the performance of
the technology. By examining and comparing these characteristics, the
Agency determines whether the untested wastes will achieve the same level
of treatment as the tested waste. Where the Agency determines that the
untested waste is easier to treat than the tested waste, the treatment
standards can be transferred. A detailed discussion of this transfer
process for each waste can be found in later sections of this document.
1.3 Variance from the BDAT Treatment Standard
The Agency recognizes that there may exist unique wastes that cannot
be treated to the level specified as the treatment standard. In such a
case, a generator or owner/operator may submit a petition to the
Administrator requesting a variance from the treatment standard. A
particular waste may be significantly different from the wastes
considered in establishing treatability groups because the waste contains
a more complex matrix that makes it more difficult to treat. For
example, complex mixtures may be formed when a restricted waste is mixed
with other waste streams by spills or other forms of inadvertent mixing.
As a result, the treatability of the restricted waste may be altered such
that it cannot meet the applicable treatment standard.
Variance petitions must demonstrate that the treatment standard
established for a given waste cannot be met. This demonstration can be
1-41
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made by showing that attempts to treat the waste by available
technologies were not successful or by performing appropriate analyses of
the waste, including waste characteristics affecting performance, which
demonstrate that the waste cannot be treated to the specified levels.
Variances will not be granted based solely on a showing that adequate
BOAT treatment capacity is unavailable. (Such demonstrations can be made
according to the provisions in Part 268.5 of RCRA for case-by-case
extensions of the effective date.) The Agency will consider granting
generic petitions provided that representative data are submitted to
support a variance for each facility covered by the petition.
Petitioners should submit at least one copy to:
The Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
An additional copy marked "Treatability Variance" should be submitted
to:
Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Office of Solid Waste (WH-565)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
Petitions containing confidential information should be sent with
only the inner envelope marked "Treatability Variance" and "Confidential
Business Information" and with the contents marked in accordance with the
requirements of 40 CFR Part 2 (41 FR 36902, September 1, 1976, amended by
43 FR 4000).
The petition should contain the following information:
1-42
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(1) The petitioner's name and address.
(2) A statement of the petitioner's interest in the proposed action.
(3) The name, address, and EPA identification number of the facility
generating the waste, and the name and telephone number of the
plant contact.
(4) The process(es) and feed materials generating the waste and an
assessment of whether such process(es) or feed materials may
produce a waste that is not covered by the demonstration.
(5) A description of the waste sufficient for comparison with the
waste considered by the Agency in developing BOAT, and an
estimate of the average and maximum monthly and annual
quantities of waste covered by the demonstration. (Note: The
petitioner should consult the appropriate BOAT background
document for determining the characteristics of the wastes
considered in developing treatment standards.)
(6) If the waste has been treated, a description of the system used
for treating the waste, including the process design and
operating conditions. The petition should include the reasons
the treatment standards are not achievable and/or why the
petitioner believes the standards are based on inappropriate
technology for treating the waste. (Note: The petitioner should
refer to the BOAT background document as guidance for
determining the design and operating parameters that the Agency
used in developing treatment standards.)
(7) A description of the alternative treatment systems examined by
the petitioner (if any); a description of the treatment system
deemed appropriate by the petitioner for the waste in question;
and, as appropriate, the concentrations in the treatment
residual or extract of the treatment residual (i.e., using the
TCLP where appropriate for stabilized metals) that can be
achieved by applying such treatment to the waste.
(8) A description of those parameters affecting treatment selection
and waste characteristics that affect performance, including
results of all analyses. (See Section 3.0 for a discussion of
waste characteristics affecting performance that the Agency has
identified for the technology representing BOAT.)
(9) The dates of the sampling and testing.
(10) A description of the methodologies and equipment used to obtain
representative samples.
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(11) A description of the sample handling and preparation techniques,
including techniques used for extraction, containerization, and
preservation of the samples.
(12) A description of analytical procedures used including QA/QC
methods.
After receiving a petition for a variance, the Administrator may
request any additional information or waste samples that may be required
to evaluate and process the petition. Additionally, all petitioners must
certify that the information provided to the Agency is accurate under
40 CFR Part 268.4(b).
In determining whether a variance will be granted, the Agency will
first look at the design and operation of the treatment system being
used. If EPA determines that the technology and operation are consistent
with BOAT, the Agency will evaluate the waste to determine if the waste
matrix and/or physical parameters are such that the BOAT treatment
standards reflect treatment of this waste. Essentially, this latter
analysis will concern the parameters affecting treatment selection and
waste characteristics affecting performance parameters.
In cases where BOAT is based on more than one technology, the
petitioner will need to demonstrate that the treatment standard cannot be
met using any of the technologies, or that none of the technologies are
appropriate for treatment of the waste. After the Agency has made a
determination on the petition, the Agency's findings will be published in
the Federal Register, followed by a 30-day period for public comment.
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After review of the public comments, EPA will publish its final
determination in the Federal Register as an amendment to the treatment
standards in 40 CFR Part 268, Subpart D.
1-45
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2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
As described in Section 1.0, the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments (HSWA) specify dates when particular groups of hazardous wastes are
prohibited from land disposal. The amendments also require the Environmental
Protection Agency to establish treatment standards for each waste that, when
met, allow that waste to be land disposed. Wastes listed as K016, K018, K020,
and K030, that are generated by the production of chlorinated organic chemi-
cals, are part of the first third of listed wastes to be evaluated by the
Agency. K019 is also generated by the production of chlorinated organic
chemicals. K019 was originally scheduled for regulation with the second third
of listed wastes; however, the Agency has chosen to include K019 in this waste
treatability group due to the similarity between K019 and the other
chlorinated organic wastes. The purpose of this section is to describe the
industry affected by the land disposal restrictions for K016, K018, K019,
K020, and K030 and to present available characterization data for these
wastes.
Under 40 CFR 261.32 (hazardous wastes from specific sources), wastes
identified as K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 are specifically generated in
the production of chlorinated organic chemicals and are listed as follows:
K016: Heavy ends or distillation residues from the production of
carbon tetrachloride
K018: Heavy ends from the fractionation column in ethyl chloride
production
K019: Heavy ends from the distillation of ethylene dichloride in
ethylene dichloride production
2-1
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K020: Heavy ends from the distillation of vinyl chloride in
vinyl chloride monomer production
K030: Column bottoms or heavy ends from the combined production
of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene
The Agency has determined that these listed wastes (K016, K018,
K019, K020, and K030) represent a single waste treatability group based on
their similar physical and chemical characteristics. As described later in
this section, EPA has examined the sources of the wastes, the specific
similarities in waste composition, applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies, and attainable treatment performance in order to support a
simplified regulatory approach for these five chlorinated organic chemicals
wastes.
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
The four digit standard industrial classification (SIC) code associ-
ated with the production of chlorinated organic chemicals is 2869 (Industrial
Organic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified). The Agency estimates that there
are 7 facilities that produce K016, 5 facilities that produce K018, 16
facilities that produce K019, 11 facilities that produce K020, and 8
facilities that produce K030. Table 2-1 lists the number of facilities for
each waste code by state. Table 2-2 lists the number of facilities for each
waste code in each EPA region.
The production of chlorinated organic chemicals typically consists
of the reaction of hydrocarbon or chlorocarbon feedstocks with chlorine or
2-2
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Table 2-1
FACILITIES PRODUCING K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030 WASTES BY STATE
Number of Facilities
State (EPA Region)
Alabama (IV)
California (IX)
Kansas (VII)
Kentucky (IV)
Louisiana (VI)
New Jersey (II)
Texas (VI)
Virginia (III)
West Virginia (III)
K016
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
K018
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
K019
0
0
0
1
9
0
6
0
0
K020
0
0
0
1
6
0
4
0
0
K030
0
1
1
0
4
0
2
0
0
Total
1
2
2
2
22
1
14
1
2
Total: 7 5 16 11 8 47
Source: Reference 1
2-3
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Table 2-2
FACILITIES PRODUCING K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030 WASTES BY EPA REGION
Number of Facilities
EPA Region
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
K016
0
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
K018
0
1
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
Total:
K019
0
0
0
1
0
15
0
0
0
_0
16
K020
0
0
0
1
0
10
0
0
0
_0
11
K030
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
0
1
0
Total
0
1
3
3
0
36
2
0
2
_0
47
Source: Reference 1
2-4
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hydrogen chloride to form the desired product and other by-products. A
generic diagram of the production of chlorinated organic chemicals is pre-
sented in Figure 2-1. The reaction steps are followed by a series of washing,
neutralization, and purification steps to recover the product(s) at the
desired quality. Wastes generated in the processes often include spent
catalysts, spent wash solutions, light distillation ends, and heavy ends. The
characteristics of the specific wastes generated at a facility depend on
feedstocks, catalysts, reactor operating conditions, and product purification
methods.
Most chlorinated organic chemical products can be produced by a
variety of processes. The process used at a particular facility depends upon
the size and age of the facility, other products produced at the facility, and
the market for chlorinated organic chemicals. Many chlorinated organic
chemicals processes are also designed to produce more than one product stream.
Product ratios are adjusted to meet market demand by adjusting feedstocks,
reactor operating conditions, and product recycle ratios.
2.1.1 K016 Process Description
Heavy ends or distillation residues (commonly referred to as bot-
toms) from the production of carbon tetrachloride (K016) are generated in the
final purification step in carbon tetrachloride production. There are three
major commercial processes currently used to produce carbon tetrachloride;
K016 is generated by each of these processes.
2-5
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Catalyst
Unreacted Feedstock and
Recycle Products
Caustic, Ammonia,
and/or Sulfuric
Acid Solutions
Chlorocarbon
or
Hydrocarbon
Feedstocks
Chlorine
or
Hydrogen
Chloride
K>
I
Spent Catalyst
to Recycle or
Treatment
Spent Wash
Solutions
to Recycle
or Treatment
Light Ends
to Recycle
I t
Chlorination
Reactor
*
Rlter
1
Product
Separation
Steps
Crude
Product
Streams
te-
1
Washing
and
Neutralization
Steps
T
Purification
Steps
Product(s)
Heavy Ends
(K016, K018, K019,
K020. K030)
to Recycle
or Treatment
Figure 2—1
GENERIC PROCESS DIAGRAM FOR PRODUCTION
OF CHLORINATED ORGANIC CHEMICALS
-------
1. Chlorinolysis of hydrocarbon or chlorocarbon feedstocks;
2. Chlorination of methane; and
3. Chlorination of carbon disulfide.
In the United States, the majority of carbon tetrachloride is produced via the
Chlorinolysis process. These processes are discussed in greater detail below.
Chlorinolysis of Hydrocarbon or Chlorocarbon Feedstocks (K016)
The Chlorinolysis process consists of the Chlorination of hydrocar-
bons or chlorocarbons at or near pyrolytic conditions. Feedstocks for the
Chlorinolysis process can be any of several hydrocarbons or a mixture of
hydrocarbons including aliphatics (e.g., propane, propene, or butane), chlori-
nated aliphatics (e.g., hexachloroethane), and chlorinated aromatic hydrocar-
bons (e.g., chlorobenzene). If propane is selected as the hydrocarbon feed-
stock, the chemical equation representing its Chlorinolysis to carbon tetra-
chloride and perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene) is:
C3Hs + 8C12 > C2Cl4 + CC14 + 8HC1
propane chlorine perchloroethylene carbon hydrogen
tetrachloride chloride
The product distribution and the composition of K016 generated are
dependent on the feedstock used. The final product distribution can range
from greater than 90 percent carbon tetrachloride (using propane as the
feedstock) to greater than 90 percent perchloroethylene (using propene as the
feedstock).
2-7
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In the chlorinolysis process, feedstock and chlorine are vaporized
in the feedstock vaporizer and are then sent to the chlorinolysis reactor.
The products of the chlorinolysis reaction are separated and purified by a
series of distillation steps resulting in final products. The bottoms streams
from several of the distillation columns (purification and separation steps)
are recycled to the feedstock vaporizer to help control the final product
distribution. A bottoms stream is continuously purged from the feedstock
vaporizer and is fed to another distillation column. The overheads stream
from this column is recycled to the vaporizer and the bottoms stream comprises
the waste of concern (K016).
Chlorination of Methane (K016)
Carbon tetrachloride is produced from methane by a series of chlori-
nation reactions. The chemical reactions that occur are as follows:
+ C12 ----- > CH3C1 + HC1
methane chlorine methyl chloride hydrogen chloride
CH3C1 + C12 ----- > CH2C12 + HC1
methyl chloride chlorine methylene chloride hydrogen chloride
CH2C12 + C12 ----- > CHC13 + HC1
methylene chloride chlorine chloroform hydrogen chloride
CHC13 + C12 ----- > CC14 + HC1
chloroform chlorine carbon tetrachloride hydrogen chloride
Methane feed, recycled reaction intermediates (methyl chloride,
methylene chloride, and chloroform), and chlorine are fed to the primary
Chlorination reactor in the gas phase. The reactor effluent contains
2-8
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unreacted methane and chlorine, and a mixture of chlorinated methane products.
The distribution of products is dependent upon the ratio of chlorine to
methane to recycled chloromethanes in the feed to the reactor.
Methyl chloride and methylene chloride are recovered from the
product stream from the primary chlorination reactor by distillation. The
bottoms stream from the methyl chloride and methylene chloride recovery
column(s) is then fed to a secondary reactor. The secondary chlorination
reaction occurs in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst. Chloroform
is recovered from the product stream and purified by a series of distillation
steps.
The bottoms stream from the chloroform recovery column is further
chlorinated in a final reactor to form carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetra-
chloride is recovered from the reactor effluent by distillation. The bottoms
stream from this distillation column comprises the listed waste K016.
Chlorination of Carbon Disulfide (K016)
The overall chemistry for the production of carbon tetrachloride by
the chlorination of carbon disulfide is as follows:
CS2 + 3C12 > CCljj +
carbon disulfide chlorine carbon tetrachloride sulfur dichloride
CS2 + 2S2C12 > 6S + CC14
carbon disulfide sulfur dichloride sulfur carbon tetrachloride
2-9
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Carbon disulfide, sulfur monochloride, and a recycled stream of
these reactants and carbon tetrachloride are mixed and fed to the chlorinator
where they react with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst. The product
stream is fed to a series of stripping and distillation columns for carbon
tetrachloride recovery and purification. The distillation bottoms stream from
the final carbon tetrachloride purification column comprises the listed waste
K016.
2.1.2 K018 Process Description
Heavy ends or distillation residues (bottoms) from the production of
ethyl chloride (K018) are generated in the final purification step in ethyl
chloride production. In the United States, ethyl chloride is produced via the
hydrochlorination of ethylene. In the process, ethylene and anhydrous hydro-
gen chloride gases are mixed and reacted in the presence of an aluminum
chloride catalyst to form ethyl chloride. The chemical reaction that occurs
is as follows:
A1C13
C2H4 + HC1 > C2H5C1
ethylene hydrogen chloride ethyl chloride
By-products of the reaction include a hydropolymer oil and other chlorinated
hydrocarbons. The crude ethyl chloride is separated from heavier polymers and
refined by fractionation. The bottoms stream from this fractionation column
comprises the waste of concern (K018).
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2.1.3 K019 Process Description
Heavy ends (bottoms) from the distillation of ethylene
dichloride (K019) are generated in the final purification step in ethylene
dichloride production. In the United States, ethylene dichloride may be
produced by the direct chlorination of ethylene or by the oxychlorination of
ethylene; however, the vast majority of ethylene dichloride is currently
produced using a combination of these two processes. The overall chemical
reactions that occur are as follows:
Direct chlorination of ethylene:
C12 + C2Hij > C2H4C12
chlorine ethylene ethylene dichloride
Oxychlorination of ethylene:
2C2H4 + 02 + 4HC1 > 2C2HijCl2 + 2H20
ethylene oxygen hydrogen ethylene water
chloride dichloride
In the first process, ethylene and chlorine are reacted to produce
ethylene dichloride by direct chlorination. In the second process, ethylene
is reacted with hydrogen chloride to produce ethylene dichloride by oxychlori-
nation. The crude ethylene dichloride from both processes is then combined
and purified using distillation. Heavy ends from the ethylene dichloride
purification column comprise the waste of concern (K019).
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2.1.4 K02Q Process Description
Heavy ends (bottoms) from the distillation of vinyl chloride (K020)
are generated in the final purification step in vinyl chloride monomer produc-
tion. In the United States, there are three processes currently used to
produce the vast majority of vinyl chloride monomer; the listed waste K020 is
generated by each of these processes.
1. Thermal cracking of ethylene dichloride;
2. Direct chlorination and oxychlorination of ethylene followed by
the thermal cracking of ethylene dichloride; and
3. Hydrochlorination of acetylene.
These processes are discussed in greater detail below.
Thermal Cracking of Ethylene Dichloride (K020)
Vinyl chloride monomer is produced by passing ethylene dichloride
(EDC) through a cracking furnace. The chemistry of the reaction is as fol-
lows:
> C2H3C1 + HC1
ethylene dichloride vinyl chloride hydrogen chloride
The vinyl chloride monomer product is purified through a series of
distillation steps. In the final distillation column, the vinyl chloride
monomer product is recovered as the overhead stream. The bottoms stream,
consisting of unconverted EDC and higher-boiling hydrocarbons, is the waste
2-12
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of concern (K020), In some processes, this bottoms stream is further
distilled to recover ethylene dichloride for recycle to the cracking furnace.
In these processes, the heavy ends stream from the ethylene dichloride
recovery column is the waste of concern (K020).
Direct Chlorination and Oxychlorination of Ethylene Followed by the
Thermal Cracking of Ethylene Dichloride (K020)
This process uses two sub-processes to produce ethylene dichloride
(EDC), which is subsequently cracked in a furnace to form the vinyl chloride
monomer (VCM). The chemical reactions that occur are as follows:
Direct Chlorination of ethylene:
C12 +
chlorine ethylene ethylene dichloride
Oxychlorination of ethylene:
+ 02 + 4HC1 ----- > 2C2H4C12 + 2H20
ethylene oxygen hydrogen ethylene water
chloride dichloride
Thermal Cracking of ethylene dichloride:
+ HC1
ethylene dichloride vinyl chloride hydrogen chloride
In the first sub-process, ethylene and chlorine are reacted to
produce EDC by direct Chlorination. In the second sub-process ethylene is
reacted with hydrogen chloride (produced from the subsequent thermal cracking
operation) to produce EDC by Oxychlorination. The crude EDC from both sources
can be washed and purified in the same process route and then fed to the EDC
cracking furnace.
2-13
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The vinyl chloride monomer product is purified through a series of
distillation steps. In the final purification column, the vinyl chloride
monomer product is recovered as the overheads stream. The listed waste K020,
consisting of unconverted EDC and higher-boiling hydrocarbons, comprise the
bottoms stream. In some processes, this bottoms stream is further distilled
to remove EDC for recycle to the cracking furnace. The heavy ends stream
from the EDC recovery column is the waste of concern (K020).
Hydrochlorination of Acetylene (K020)
The hydrochlorination of acetylene is a vapor phase reaction between
acetylene and hydrogen chloride in the presence of a catalyst. The chemical
reaction that occurs is as follows:
catalyst
C2H2 + HC1 > C2H3C1
acetylene hydrogen chloride vinyl chloride
Hydrogen chloride and acetylene gas react in a tubular reactor in
the presence of a catalyst. The reactor effluent gases consist of vinyl
chloride monomer, ethylidene chloride, acetaldehyde, and unreacted acetylene
and hydrogen chloride. These gases are quenched, and the unreacted acetylene
and hydrogen chloride are recycled to the reactor. The bottoms from the
quench column, containing crude vinyl chloride monomer, are washed with
caustic and water and purified by distillation. The vinyl chloride monomer
product is recovered as the overhead stream from the final purification
column, and the bottoms stream is the listed waste K020.
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2.1.5 K030 Process Description
Heavy ends or distillation residues (bottoms) from the
production of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene (K030) are generated in
the final purification steps in production of these products. In the United
States, there are three processes currently used to produce the vast majority
of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene); the listed
waste K030 is generated by each of these processes.
1. Oxychlorination of ethylene dichloride;
2. Direct chlorination of ethylene dichloride and other chlori-
nated hydrocarbons; and
3. Chlorination of acetylene.
These processes are discussed in greater detail below.
Oxychlorination of Ethylene Dichloride (K030)
Trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene are produced when ethylene
dichloride is reacted with oxygen and chlorine in an oxychlorinator . The
overall chemical reaction that occurs is as follows:
+ 6C12 + 702 ----- >
ethylene chlorine oxygen trichloro- tetrachloro- water
dichloride ethylene ethylene
The feed proportions can be adjusted to vary the product ratio from nearly all
tetrachloroethylene to nearly all trichloroethylene.
2-15
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The oxychlorinator is typically a fluidized bed reactor where an
oxychlorination catalyst, such as copper chloride, is used. The reactor
effluent is processed through a condenser and a decanter.
The organic layer from the decanter is dried in an azeotropic
distillation column. The resulting chlorohydrocarbon products are then
separated in the trichloroethylene/perchloroethylene*(TCE/PCE) distillation
column. The TCE is removed as the overhead stream and the PCE is removed as
the bottoms stream.
The crude TCE is refined by distillation and is removed as the
bottoms stream. (The overheads stream is recycled to the oxychlorinator). The
crude PCE is also refined by distillation and is removed as the overheads
stream. The bottoms stream from the perchloroethylene distillation column is
the listed waste K030.
Direct Chlorination of Ethylene Dichloride and Other Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons (K030)
Trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene are produced, in addition to
hydrogen chloride, trichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride, when ethylene
dichloride and other high-boiling chlorohydrocarbons are reacted with chlo-
rine. The chemical reactions that occur are as follows:
+ 2C12 > C2HC13 + 3HC1
ethylene chlorine trichloro- hydrogen
dichloride ethylene chloride
C2Hi|Cl2 + 3C12 > C2Clij + 4HC1
ethylene chlorine tetrachloro- hydrogen
dichloride ethylene chloride
2-16
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C1CH2CHC12 + C12 > C2HC13 + 2HC1
1,1,2-trichloro- chlorine trichloro- hydrogen
ethane ethylene chloride
C2Hi|Cl2 + 5C12 > 2CC14 + 4HC1
ethylene chlorine carbon hydrogen
dichloride tetrachloride chloride
The reaction products are quenched and refined by distillation.
Unreacted ethylene dichloride is also recovered and recycled to the reactor.
In the final distillation column, the perchloroethylene product is recovered
as the overheads stream. The bottoms stream from the perchloroethylene
recovery column is the waste of concern (K030).
Chlorination of Acetylene (K030)
Trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene are produced when acetylene
is reacted with chlorine. The chemical reactions that occur are as follows:
Direct chlorination of acetylene:
catalyst
C2H2 + 2C12 ---- > C2H2Cl4
acetylene chlorine tetrachloroethane
Thermal cracking of tetrachloroethane intermediate:
C2H2Cl4 ---- > C2HCl3 + HC1
tetrachloroethane trichloroethylene hydrogen chloride
Direct chlorination of tetrachoroethane intermediate:
C2H2Cl4 -i- C12 ---- > C2Cl4 + 2HC1
tetrachloroethane chlorine perchloroethylene hydrogen chloride
2-17
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Acetylene, chlorine, and a catalyst are fed to the chlorinator which
contains a large mass of liquid tetrachloroethane boiling under reduced
pressure. The reactor effluent, the tetrachloroethane intermediate, is
condensed and may be split into the following three streams:
(1) Recycle to the acetylene chlorinator,
(2) Feed to the pyrolysis reactor for thermal cracking to
trichloroethylene, and/or
(3) Feed to the tetrachloroethane chlorinator for production of
perchloroethylene.
In the thermal cracking to trichloroethylene, condensed tetrachloro-
ethane, a trichloroethylene recycle stream, and a catalyst are fed to the
thermal cracking reactor. The effluent from this reactor is distilled to
recover trichloroethylene product as the overheads stream. The bottoms stream
from the trichloroethylene recovery column is the waste of concern (K030). A
portion of the waste stream may be purged to remove tars and the remainder
recycled to the pyrolysis reactor.
In the direct chlorination of tetrachloroethane, condensed tetra-
chloroethane is reacted with chlorine to produce perchloroethylene. The
reactor effluent is distilled to recover perchloroethylene product as the
overheads stream. The bottoms stream from the perchloroethylene
recovery column is the waste of concern (K030). A portion of the waste stream
may be purged to remove tars and the remainder recycled to the thermal
cracking reactor.
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2.2 Waste Characterization
This section presents all waste characterization data available to
the Agency for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. The approximate
concentrations of major constituents comprising these wastes are included in
Table 2-3. The percent concentrations in the wastes were estimated using
engineering judgment based on chemical analyses (analytical data upon which
the estimates were based are reported in references 9, 10, and 11).
Calculations supporting these estimates are presented in Appendix B.
Tables 2-4 through 2-8 present, by waste code, the ranges of BOAT
constituents and other parameters identified for the waste. These data were
obtained from a variety of sources as referenced on the tables including
literature and sampling and analysis episodes. These wastes contain chlori-
nated aliphatic and aromatic compounds such as chlorinated ethanes, methanes,
benzenes, and butadienes. Additionally, these wastes typically contain low
concentrations of metals and may contain .high levels of filterable solids.
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group
Fundamental to waste treatment is the concept that the type of
treatment technology used and the level of treatment achievable depend on the
physical and chemical characteristics of the waste. In cases where EPA
believes that constituents present in wastes represented by different codes
2-19
-------
can be treated to similar concentrations by using the same technologies, the
Agency combines the codes into one separate treatability group.
Based on a careful review of the generation of K016, K018, K019,
K020, and K030 and all available data characterizing these wastes, the Agency
has determined that these wastes represent a single waste treatability group.
K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 are all still bottoms generated by similar
processes: the chlorination or oxychlorination of hydrocarbon feedstocks
often at high temperatures and pressures. Wastes generated as column bottoms
from the purification of chlorinated organic product streams are typically
comprised of chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic compounds such as chlorinated
ethanes, methanes, benzenes, and butadienes. These wastes typically contain
low concentrations of metals. Although the concentrations of specific con-
stituents will vary from facility to facility, all of the wastes contain
similar levels of BOAT organics and metals and are expected to be treatable to
the same levels using the same technology. As a result, EPA has examined the
sources and characteristics of the wastes, applicable and demonstrated
treatment technologies, and attainable treatment performance in order to
support a single regulatory approach for these five chlorinated organic
chemicals wastes.
2-20
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Table 2-3
MAJOR CONSTITUENTS IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030 WASTES
Concentration (%)
Constituent K016 K018 K019 K020 K030
BOAT List Constituents:
Chloroethane * * - * *
1,1-Dichloroethane * * - * *
1,2-Dichloroethane * * 10 * *
Hexachlorobenzene * * - * *
Hexachlorobutadiene * * - * *
Hexachloroethane * * - * *
Pentachloroethane * * - * *
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane * * - * *
Tetrachloroethene * * - * *
1,1,2-Trichloroethane * * 4 * *
Other BOAT List constituents * * 2 * *
Other constituents * * 82 * *
Water * * 2 * *
TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100
-This constituent has not been detected in the waste or represents less than
1% of the total composition.
Sources: Environ Report (Reference 9), Onsite Engineering Report for Rollins
(Reference 10), Analytical Data Reports (Reference 11).
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-21
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Table 2-4
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K016
Source of Data:
BOAT List Organics
Volatiles
42. Tetrachloroethene
Untreated Waste Concentration, ppm
(a)
(b)
Range
Semivolatiles
110. Hexachlorobenzene *
111. Hexachlorobutadiene *
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene *
113. Hexachloroethane *
Other Parameters (c)
pH (standard units)
*
*
5.7
(a) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(b) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(c) Environ Report, Reference 9.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-22
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Table 2-5
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K018
Untreated Waste Concentration, ppm
Source of Data: (a) (b) Range
BOAT List Organics
Volatiles
12. Chloroethane * * *
15. Chloromethane * * *
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane * * *
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane * * *
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane * * *
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane * * *
Semivolatiles
110. Hexachlorobenzene * * *
111. Hexachlorobutadiene * * *
113. Hexachloroethane * * *
137. Pentachloroethane * * *
Other Parameters
No data are available.
(a) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(b) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(c) This constituent was also detected in the blank; Results of the blank
analysis were not contained in the ADR. The contaminant concentration
in the blank is believed to be insignificant in comparison to the
constituent concentration in the corresponding sample.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-23
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Table 2-6
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K019
Untreated Waste Concentration, ppm
Source of Data: (a) (b) (d) Range
BOAT List Organics
Volatiles
7. Carbon tetrachloride 3,500-4,100 * * *
9. Chlorobenzene <2,000-3,000 * * *
14. Chloroform 4,600-6,000 * * *
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane <2,000-2,200 * * «
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 87,000- * * *
130,000
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane <2,000 * * *
42. Tetrachloroethene 6,000-7,800 * * *
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 33,000-81,000 * * »
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane <2,000 * * *
47. Trichloroethene 2,200-3,210 * * *
Semivolatiles
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 280-340 * * *
(a) Onsite Engineering Report from Rollins Environmental Services, Deer Park, TX, Table
6-3, Reference 10
(b) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(c) This constituent was also detected in the blank; results of the blank
analysis were not contained in the ADR. The contaminant concentration
in the blank is believed to be insignificant in comparison to the constituent
concentration in the corresponding sample.
(d) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
NA - Not Analyzed
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-24
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Table 2-6 (Continued)
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K019
Untreated Waste Concentration, ppm
Source of Data: (a) (b) (d) Range
BOAT List Organics (Continued)
Semivolatiles (Continued)
88. p-Dichlorobenzene 74-90 * * *
109. Fluorene 16-22 * * *
110. Hexachlorobenzene 60-87 * * *
111. Hexachlorobutadiene <50 * * *
113. Hexachloroethane 85-120 * * *
121. Naphthalene 314-470 * * *
136. Pentachlorobenzene 51-65 * * *
141. Phenanthrene 11-21 * * *
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 62-86 * * *
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 65-100 * * *
BDAT List Metals
155. Arsenic <0.2-1.2 * * »
156. Barium <0.9-0.97 * * *
158. Cadmium <0.3 - 0.63 » * *
(a) Onsite Engineering Report from Rollins Environmental Services, Deer Park, TX, Table
6-3, Reference 10
(b) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(c) This constituent was also detected in the blank; results of the blank analysis were
not contained in the ADR. The contaminant concentration in the blank is believed
to be insignificant in comparison to the constituent concentration in the
corresponding sample.
(d) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
NA - Not Analyzed
"This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-25
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Table 2-6 (Continued)
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K019
Source of Data:
BDAT List Inorganics
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
171. Sulfide
Untreated Waste Concentration, ppm
(a)
1.8-5
<1.0-3
2.3-3
2.2-6
4.4-9
790
.3
.6
.5
.0
.4
(b)
*
*
*
«
*
*
(d)
*
»
*
*
*
*
Range
*
*
*
*
*
*
Other Parameters
BTU content (BTU/lb)
Filterable solids (%)
pH (Standard units)
TOC (%)
TOX (%)
Viscosity (mPa-s)
(a) (c)
4,012-4,944 2,500-4,500
60.4-83.3 0-1
NA 3
NA 14-25
NA 70-85
NA 0.49-2
2,500-4,944
0-83.3
3
14-25
70-85
0.49-2
(a) Onsite Engineering Report from Rollins Environmental Services, Deer Park, TX, Table
6-3, Reference 10
(b) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(c) Environ Report, Reference 9
(d) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
NA - Not Analyzed
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-26
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Table 2-7
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K020
Source of Data:
BOAT List Organics
Volatiles
23. 1,2 - Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2 - Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Other Parameters
Filterable solids (%)
pH (standard units)
TOC (%)
TOX (%)
Viscosity (mPa-s)
Untreated Waste Concentration, ppm
(a) Ranee
*
»
*
*
0.5
3
38
57
0.85
*
*
(a) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
(b) Environ Report, Reference 9
(c) This constituent was also detected in the blank; results of the blank
analysis were not contained in the ADR. The contaminant concentration
in the blank is believed to be insignificant in comparison to the constituent
concentration in the corresponding sample.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-27
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Table 2-8
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K030
Untreated Waste Concentration, ppm
Source of Data: (a) Range
BOAT List Organics
Volatiles
42. Tetrachloroethene * *
Semivolatiles
87. o-Dichlorobenzene * *
88. p-Dichlorobenzene * *
111. Hexachlorobutadiene * *
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene * *
113. Hexachloroethane * *
115. Hexachloropropene * *
136. Pentachlorobenzene * *
137. Pentachloroethane * *
148. 1,2,4,5 - Tetrachlorobenzene * *
150. 1,2,4 - Trichlorobenzene * *
Other Parameters
No data are available.
(a) Analytical Data Report (Reference 11).
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
2-28
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3.0 APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
In the previous section of this document, the five chlorinated
organic wastes (K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030) were characterized and a
single waste treatability group was established for these wastes. In this
section, treatment technologies applicable for treatment of wastes in this
waste group are identified. Detailed descriptions of the technologies that
are demonstrated on these wastes or on wastes judged to be similar are
presented in this section along with available performance data.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
The Agency has identified the following treatment technologies as
applicable for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030: incineration (fluidized bed,
rotary kiln, and liquid injection), solvent extraction followed by incin-
eration of the contaminated solvents, and total recycle or reuse. Since K016,
K018, K019, K020, and K030 contain high concentrations of organic compounds as
shown in Section 2.0, applicable technologies include those that destroy or
reduce the total amount of various organic compounds in the waste (i.e.,
incineration, solvent extraction, and total recycle or reuse). The treatment
technologies applicable for treating organics in K016, K018, K019, K020, and
K030 were identified based on current literature sources, field testing, and
current waste treatment practices.
3-1
-------
The Agency recognizes that wastewater forms of K016, K018, K019,
K020, and K030, as defined in Section 1.0, may also be generated from the
treatment of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. For example, the incineration
of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 generates combustion gas scrubber water
that would be designated as a wastewater form of K016, K018, K019, K020, and
K030 derived from the treatment of these listed wastes. The scrubber water
would be expected to contain low levels of metal and organic constituents
since the untreated wastes contain low concentrations of metals and the
majority of organics would be destroyed in the incinerator. Some wastewaters
that are generated by the treatment of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 by
other technologies may contain organic constituents at treatable
concentrations. The Agency has identified the following treatment
technologies as potentially applicable for treatment of wastewater forms of
K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030: biological treatment, carbon adsorption,
and solvent extraction. Since wastewater forms of K016, K018, K019, K020, and
K030 may contain organic hazardous constituents at treatable levels,
applicable technologies include those that destroy or reduce the total amount
of various organic compounds in the waste (i.e., biological treatment, carbon
adsorption, and solvent extraction).
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
The demonstrated technologies that the Agency has identified for
treatment of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 are total recycle or reuse and
incineration, including rotary kiln incineration and liquid injection
3-2
-------
incineration. Each of the demonstrated technologies are discussed below. The
Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat wastewater forms of K016,
K018, K019, K020, or K030.
A. Total Recycle or Reuse. EPA is aware of three plants that
recycle or reuse K016, K019, or K030 as feedstocks in manufacturing processes.
Specific information regarding the recycle or reuse of these wastes has been
claimed as confidential business information by the facilities.
B. Incineration. Incineration provides for destruction of the
organics in the waste. As described in Section 1.0, the best measure of
performance for a destruction technology is the total amount of constituent
remaining after treatment. Incineration generally results in the formation of
two treatment residuals: ash and scrubber water. A detailed description of
incineration treatment technology is presented in Section 3.4. The Agency
tested a full-scale rotary kiln incineration process treating K019 (plant A).
Liquid injection incineration has also been demonstrated on a commercial scale
for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030.
The treatment process at Plant A which was tested by the Agency
consisted of a rotary kiln, afterburner, and a combustion gas scrubbing
system. Combustion exhaust gases from the rotary kiln pass through the kiln
exit duct to the afterburner chamber. Kiln ash residue is collected in a
storage bin. K019 and another waste were fed to the rotary kiln for treatment
by incineration. The K019 treated during the sampling episode was generated
3-3
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during the clean out of a purification column in an ethylene dichloride
manufacturing process. The ethylene dichloride manufacturing process used by
the generator is the combined ethylene chlorination and oxychlorination
process described in Section 2.1.3. The other waste incinerated with K019
(referred to by plant personnel as "RCRA Blend") was a mixture of various
industrial wastes including water, oil, and solvents recovered from a waste
treatment step at a waste disposal company.
Tables 3-1 through 3-6 present, by sample set, the BDAT List
constituents detected in the untreated (K019 and RCRA Blend) and treated
(rotary kiln ash) wastes from the rotary kiln incineration treatment system.
These tables also present design and operating data for each sample set.
Testing procedures used to analyze these constituents are specifically
identified in the analytical quality assurance/quality control discussion of
this background document (Appendix D).
Combustion exhaust gases from the rotary kiln (from rotary kiln
treatment of K019 and RCRA Blend waste), and two other wastes ("PCB Blend"
waste and mercaptan-contaminated waste) were fed to the afterburner and
combustion gas scrubber system for treatment by incineration and wet gas
scrubbing. PCB Blend waste is a mixture of RCRA Blend waste and various
PCB-containing waste oils including mineral, hydraulic, and transformer oils.
Mercaptan-contaminated waste is comprised of site run-off water from plant A
and wastewater received by plant A from other sources.
3-4
-------
Tables 3-7 through 3-12 present, by sample set, the BOAT List
constituents detected in the untreated (K019, RCRA Blend, PCB Blend, and
raercaptan-contaminated waste) and treated (combustion gas scrubber discharge
water) wastes from the combustion gas scrubber treatment system. These tables
also present design and operating data for each sample set. Testing
procedures used to analyze these constituents are specifically identified in
the analytical quality assurance/quality control discussion of this background
document (Appendix D).
3.3 Available Treatment Technologies
As defined in Section 1.0, an available treatment technology is one
that (1) is not a proprietary or patented process that cannot be purchased or
licensed from the proprietor (in other words, is commercially available), and
(2) substantially diminishes the toxicity of the waste or substantially
reduces the likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents from the waste.
The demonstrated technology for treatment of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030,
incineration (rotary kiln incineration and liquid injection incineration), is
considered to be commercially available.
The wastes in this treatability group as generated or upon heating
are amenable to pumping and can readily be atomized. This has facilitated the
use of liquid injection incineration systems onsite adjacent to the waste
generating units. When these wastes are allowed to cool they become viscous
and therefore, difficult to atomize. It is common practice to containerize
3-5
-------
these wastes for offsite transport and disposal. The containerized wastes can
be incinerated in a rotary kiln incineration system, as was the case at plant
A.
Total recyle or reuse are not considered to be commercially
available as they are proprietary or patented and cannot be purchased or
licensed.
3.4 Detailed Description of The Demonstrated Treatment Technology:
Incineration
3.4.1 Incineration
This section addresses the commonly used incineration technologies:
Liquid injection, rotary kiln, fluidized bed incineration, and fixed hearth.
A discussion is provided regarding the applicability of these technologies,
the underlying principles of operation, a technology description, waste
characteristics that affect performance, and finally important design and
operating parameters. As appropriate, the subsections are divided by type of
incineration unit.
3-6
-------
Applicability and Use of Incineration
Liquid Injection
Liquid injection is applicable to wastes that have viscosity values
sufficiently low so that the waste can be atomized in the combustion chamber.
A range of literature maximum viscosity values are reported with the low being
100 SSU and the high being 10,000 SSU. It is important to note that viscosity
is temperature dependent so that while liquid injection may not be applicable
to a waste at ambient conditions, it may be applicable when the waste is
heated. Other factors that affect the use of liquid injection are particle
size and the presence of suspended solids. Both of these waste parameters can
cause plugging of the burner nozzle.
Rotary Kiln/Fluidized Bed/Fixed Hearth
These incineration technologies are applicable to a wide range of
hazardous wastes. They can be used on wastes that contain high or low total
organic content, high or low filterable solids, various viscosity ranges, and
a range of other waste parameters. EPA has not found these technologies to be
demonstrated on wastes that are comprised essentially of metals with low
organic concentrations. In addition, the Agency expects that some of the high
metal content wastes may not be compatible with existing and future air
emission limits without emission controls far more extensive than currently
practiced.
3-7
-------
Underlying Principles of Operation
Liquid Injection
The basic operating principle of this incineration technology is
that incoming liquid wastes are volatilized and then additional heat is
supplied to the waste to destabilize the chemical bonds. Once the chemical
bonds are broken, these constituents react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
and water vapor. The energy needed to destabilize the bonds is referred to as
the energy of activation.
Rotary Kiln and Fixed Hearth
There are two distinct principles of operation for these incinera-
tion technologies, one for each of the chambers involved. In the primary
chamber, energy, in the form of heat, is transferred to the waste to achieve
volatilization of the various organic waste constituents. During this vola-
tilization process some of the organic constituents will oxidize to C02 and
water vapor. In the secondary chamber, additional heat is supplied to over-
come the energy requirements needed to destabilize the chemical bonds and
allow the constituents to react with excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and
water vapor. The principle of operation for the secondary chamber is similar
to liquid injection.
3-8
-------
Fluidized Bed
The principle of operation for this incineration technology is
somewhat different than for rotary kiln and fixed hearth incineration relative
to the functions of the primary and secondary chambers. In fluidized bed, the
purpose of the primary chamber is not only to volatilize the wastes but also
to essentially combust the waste. Destruction of the waste organics can be
accomplished to a better degree in the primary chamber of this technology than
for rotary kiln and fixed hearth because of 1) improved heat transfer from
fluidization of the waste using forced air and 2) the fact that the fluidiza-
tion process provides sufficient oxygen and turbulence to convert the organics
to carbon dioxide and water vapor. The secondary chamber (referred to as the
freeboard) generally does not have an afterburner; however, additional time
is provided for conversion of the organic constituents to carbon dioxide,
water vapor, and hydrochloric acid if chlorine is present in the waste.
Description of Incineration Process
Liquid Injection
The liquid injection system is capable of incinerating a wide range
of gases and liquids. The combustion system has a simple design with virtu-
ally no moving parts. A burner or nozzle atomizes the liquid waste and
injects it into the combustion chamber where it burns in the presence of air
or oxygen. A forced draft system supplies the combustion chamber with air to
provide oxygen for combustion and turbulence for mixing. The combustion
3-9
-------
chamber is usually a cylinder lined with refractory (i.e., heat resistant)
brick and can be fired horizontally, vertically upward, or vertically down-
ward. Figure 3-1 illustrates a liquid injection incineration system.
Rotary Kiln
A rotary kiln is a slowly rotating, refractory-lined cylinder that
is mounted at a slight incline from the horizontal (see Figure 3-2). Solid
wastes enter at the high end of the kiln, and liquid or gaseous wastes enter
through atomizing nozzles in the kiln or afterburner section. Rotation of the
kiln exposes the solids to the heat, vaporizes them, and allows them to
combust by mixing with air. The rotation also causes the ash to move to the
lower end of the kiln where it can be removed. Rotary kiln systems usually
have a secondary combustion chamber or afterburner following the kiln for
further combustion of the volatilized components of solid wastes.
Fluidized Bed
A fluidized bed incinerator consists of a column containing inert
particles such as sand which is referred to as the bed. Air, driven by a
blower, enters the bottom of the bed to fluidize the sand. Air passage
through the bed promotes rapid and uniform mixing of the injected waste
material within the fluidized bed. The fluidized bed has an extremely high
heat capacity (approximately three times that of flue gas at the same tempera-
ture), thereby providing a large heat reservoir. The injected waste reaches
ignition temperature quickly and transfers the heat of combustion back to the
3-10
-------
WATER
AUXILIARY FUEL ^BURNER
AIR-
I
h-1
I-1
LIQUID OR GASEOUS.
WASTE INJECTION
HBURNER
PRIMARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
AFTERBURNER
(SECONDARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER)
SPRAY
CHAMBER
T
GAS TO AIR
•>• POLLUTION
CONTROL
HORIZONTALLY FIRED
LIQUID INJECTION
INCINERATOR
ASH
WATER
FIGURE 3-1
UQUD INJECTION NCNERATOR
-------
GAS TO
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
AUXILIARY
FUEL
AFTERBURNER
SOLID
WASTE
INFLUENT
FEED
MECHANISM
COMBUSTION
GASES
LIQUID OR
GASEOUS
WASTE
INJECTION
ASH
FIGURE 3-2
ROTARY KLN NCNERATOR
3-12
-------
bed. Continued bed agitation by the fluidizing air allows larger particles to
remain suspended in the combustion zone. (See Figure 3-3)
Fixed Hearth Incineration
Fixed hearth incinerators, also called controlled air or starved air
incinerators, are another major technology used for hazardous waste incinera-
tion. Fixed hearth incineration is a two-stage combustion process
(see Figure 3-4). Waste is ram-fed into the first stage, or primary chamber,
and burned at less than stoichiometric conditions. The resultant smoke and
pyrolysis products, consisting primarily of volatile hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide, along with the normal products of combustion, pass to the secondary
chamber. Here, additional air is injected to complete the combustion. This
two-stage process generally yields low stack particulate and carbon monoxide
(CO) emissions. The primary chamber combustion reactions and combustion gas
are maintained at low levels by the starved air conditions so that particulate
entrainment and carryover are minimized.
Air Pollution Controls
Following incineration of hazardous wastes, combustion gases are
generally further treated in an air pollution control system. The presence of
chlorine or other halogens in the waste requires a scrubbing or absorption
step to remove HC1 and other halo-acids from the combustion gases. Ash in the
waste is not destroyed in the combustion process. Depending on its composi-
tion, ash will either exit as bottom ash, at the discharge end of a kiln or
3-13
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WASTE
INJECTION
BURNER
FREEBOARD
SAND BED
GAS TO
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
MAKE-UP
SAND
i AIR
ASH
FIGURE 3-3
NQNERATOR
3-14
-------
AIR
u>
i
WASTE
INJECTION
BURNER
AIR
GAS TO AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
PRIMARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
GRATE
SECONDARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
AUXILIARY
FUEL
2-STAGE FIXED HEARTH
INCINERATOR
ASH
RGURE3-4
RXED HEARTH NONERATOR
-------
hearth for example, or as particulate matter (fly ash) suspended in the
combustion gas stream. Particulate emissions from most hazardous waste
combustion systems generally have particle diameters less than one micron and
require high efficiency collection devices to minimize air emissions. In
addition, scrubber systems provide additional buffer against accidental
releases of incompletely destroyed waste products due to poor combustion
efficiency or combustion upsets, such as flame outs.
Waste Characteristics Affecting Performance
Liquid Injection
In determining whether liquid injection is likely to achieve the
same level of performance on an untested waste as a previously tested waste,
the Agency will compare bond dissociation energies of the constituents in the
untested and tested waste. This parameter is being used as a surrogate
indicator of activation energy which, as discussed previously, is the amount
of energy required to destabilize molecular bonds. Other energy effects
(e.g., vibrational, the formation of intermediates, and interactions between
different molecular bonds) may have a significant influence on activation
energy.
Because of the shortcomings of bond energies in estimating activa-
tion energy, EPA analyzed other waste characteristic parameters to determine
if these parameters would provide a better basis for transferring
3-16
-------
treatment standards from a tested waste to an untested waste. These param-
eters include heat of combustion, heat of formation, use of available kinetic
data to predict activation energies, and general structural class. All of
these were rejected for reasons provided below.
The heat of combustion only measures the difference in energy of the
products and reactants; it does not provide information on the transition
state (i.e., the energy input needed to initiate the reaction). Heat of
formation is used as a predictive tool for whether reactions are likely to
proceed; however, there are a significant number of hazardous constituents for
which these data are not available. Use of kinetic data were rejected because
these data are limited and could not be used to calculate free energy values
(AG) for the wide range of hazardous constituents to be addressed by this
rule. Finally, EPA decided not to use structural classes because the Agency
believes that evaluation of bond dissociation energies allows for a more
direct determination of whether a constituent will be destabilized.
Rotary Kiln/Fluidized Bed/Fixed Hearth
Unlike liquid injection, these incineration technologies also
generate a residual ash. Accordingly, in determining whether these technolo-
gies are likely to achieve the same level of performance on an untested waste
as a previously tested waste, EPA would need to examine the waste characteris-
tics that affect volatilization of organics from the waste, as well as
destruction of the organics, once volatilized. Relative to volatilization,
3-17
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EPA will examine thermal conductivity of the entire waste and boiling point of
the various constituents. As with liquid injection, EPA will examine bond
energies in determining whether treatment standards for scrubber water residu-
als can be transferred from a tested waste to an untested waste. Below is a
discussion of how EPA arrived at thermal conductivity and boiling point as the
best method to assess volatilization of organics from the waste;
the discussion relative to bond energies is the same for these technologies as
for liquid injection and will not be repeated here.
(1) Thermal Conductivity. Consistent with the underlying princi-
ples of incineration, a major factor with regard to whether a particular
constituent will volatilize is the transfer of heat through the waste. In the
case of rotary kiln, fluidized bed, and fixed hearth incineration, heat is
transferred through the waste by three mechanisms: radiation, convection, and
conduction. For a given incinerator, heat transferred through various wastes
by radiation is more a function of the design and type of incinerator than the
waste being treated. Accordingly, the type of waste treated will have a
minimal impact on the amount of heat transferred by radiation. With regard to
convection, EPA also believes that the type of heat transfer will generally be
more a function of the type and design of incinerator than the waste itself.
However, EPA is examining particle size as a waste characteristic that may
significantly impact the amount of heat transferred to a waste by convection
and thus impact volatilization of the various organic compounds. The final
type of heat transfer, conduction, is the one that EPA believes will have the
3-18
-------
greatest impact on volatilization of organic constituents. To measure this
characteristic, EPA will use thermal conductivity; an explanation of this
parameter, as well as how it can be measured is provided below. Heat flow by
conduction is proportional to the temperature gradient across the material.
The proportionality constant is a property of the material and referred to as
the thermal conductivity. (Note: The analytical method that EPA has identi-
fied for measurement of thermal conductivity is named "Guarded, Comparative,
Longitudinal Heat Flow Technique"; it is described in an Appendix to this
technology section.) In theory, thermal conductivity would always provide a
good indication of whether a constituent in an untested waste would be treated
to the same extent in the primary incinerator chamber as the same constituent
in a previously tested waste.
In practice, thermal conductivity has some limitations in assessing
the transferability of treatment standards; however, EPA has not identified a
parameter that can provide a better indication of heat transfer characteris-
tics of a waste. Below is a discussion of both the limitations associated
with thermal conductivity, as well as other parameters considered.
Thermal conductivity measurements, as part of a treatability compar-
ison for two different wastes through a single incinerator, are most meaning-
ful when applied to wastes that are homogeneous (i.e., major constituents are
essentially the same). As wastes exhibit greater degrees of non-homogeneity
(e.g., significant concentration of metals in soil), then thermal conductivity
becomes less accurate in predicting treatability because the measurement
3-19
-------
essentially reflects heat flow through regions having the greatest conductiv-
ity (i.e., the path of least resistance) and not heat flow through all parts
of the waste.
Btu value, specific heat, and ash content were also considered for
predicting heat transfer characteristics. These parameters can no better
account for non-homogeneity than thermal conductivity; additionally, they are
not directly related to heat transfer characteristics. Therefore, these
parameters do not provide a better indication of heat transfer that will occur
in any specific waste.
(2) Boiling Point. Once heat is (transferred to a constituent
within a waste, then removal of this constituent from the waste will depend on
its volatility. As a surrogate of volatility, EPA is using boiling point of
the constituent. Compounds with lower boiling points have higher vapor
pressures and, therefore, would be more likely to vaporize. The Agency
recognizes that this parameter does not take into consideration the impact of
other compounds in the waste on the boiling point of a constituent in a
mixture; however, the Agency is not aware of a better measure of volatility
that can easily be determined.
3-20
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Incineration Design and Operating Parameters
Liquid Injection
For a liquid injection unit, EPA's analysis of whether the unit is
well designed will focus on (1) the likelihood that sufficient energy is
provided to the waste to overcome the activation level for breaking molecular
bonds and (2) whether sufficient oxygen is present to convert the waste
constituents to carbon dioxide and water vapor. The specific design param-
eters that the Agency will evaluate to assess whether these conditions are met
are: temperature, excess oxygen, and residence time. Below is a discussion
of why EPA believes these parameters to be important, as well as a discussion
of how these parameters will be monitored during operation.
It is important to point out that, relative to the development of
land disposal restriction standards, EPA is only concerned with these design
parameters when a quench water or scrubber water residual is generated from
treatment of a particular waste. If treatment of a particular waste in a
liquid injection unit would not generate a wastewater stream, then the Agency,
for purposes of land disposal treatment standards, would only be concerned
with the waste characteristics that affect selection of the unit, not the
above-mentioned design parameters.
(1) Temperature. Temperature is important in that it provides an
indirect measure of the energy available (i.e., Btus/hr) to overcome the
3-21
-------
activation energy of waste constituents. As the design temperature increases,
the more likely it is that the molecular bonds will be destabilized and the
reaction completed.
The temperature is normally controlled automatically through the use
of instrumentation which senses the temperature and automatically adjusts the
amount of fuel and/or waste being fed. The temperature signal transmitted to
the controller can be simultaneously transmitted to a recording device,
referred to as a strip chart, and thereby continuously recorded. To fully
assess the operation of the unit, it is important to know not only the exact
location in the incinerator that the temperature is being monitored but also
the location of the design temperature.
(2) Excess Oxygen. It is important that the incinerator contain
oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to convert the organic
compounds to carbon dioxide and water vapor. If insufficient oxygen is
present, then destabilized waste constituents could recombine to the same or
other BDAT list organic compounds and potentially cause the scrubber water to
contain higher concentrations of BDAT list constituents than would be the case
for a well operated unit.
In practice, the amount of oxygen fed to the incinerator is con-
trolled by continuous sampling and analysis of the stack gas. If the amount
of oxygen drops below the design value, then the analyzer transmits a signal
to the valve controlling the air supply and thereby increases the flow of
oxygen to the afterburner. The analyzer simultaneously transmits a signal to
3-22
-------
a recording device so that the amount of excess oxygen can be continuously
recorded. Again, as with temperature, it is important to know the location
from which the combustion gas is being sampled.
(3) Carbon Monoxide. Carbon monoxide is an important operating
parameter because it provides an indication of the extent to which the waste
organic constituents are being converted to C02 and water vapor. As the
carbon monoxide level increases, it indicates that greater amounts of organic
waste constituents are unreacted or partially reacted. Increased carbon
monoxide levels can result from insufficient excess oxygen, insufficient
turbulence in the combustion zone, or insufficient residence time
(4) Waste Feed Rate. The waste feed rate is important to monitor
because it is correlated to the residence time. The residence time is associ-
ated with a specific Btu energy value of the feed and a specific volume of
combustion gas generated. Prior to incineration, the Btu value of the waste
is determined through the use of a laboratory device known as a. bomb colorim-
eter. The volume of combustion gas generated from the waste to be incinerated
is determined from an analysis referred to as an ultimate analysis. This
analysis determines the amount of elemental constituents present which include
carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and halogens. Using this analysis
plus the total amount of air added, the volume of combustion gas can be
calculated. Having determined both the Btu content and the expected combus-
tion gas volume, the feed rate can be fixed at the desired residence time.
Continuous monitoring of the feed rate will determine whether the unit was
operated at a rate corresponding to the designed residence time.
3-23
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Rotary Kiln
For this incineration, EPA will examine both the primary and secon-
dary chamber in evaluating the design of a particular incinerator. Relative
to the primary chamber, EPA's assessment of design will focus on whether it is
likely that sufficient energy will be provided to the waste in order to
volatilize the waste constituents. For the secondary chamber, analogous to
the sole liquid injection incineration chamber, EPA will examine the same
parameters discussed previously under "Liquid Injection." These parameters
will not be discussed again here.
The particular design parameters to be evaluated for the primary
chamber are: kiln temperature, residence time, and revolutions per minute.
Below is a discussion of why EPA believes these parameters to be important, as
well as a discussion of how these parameters will be monitored during opera-
tion.
(1) Temperature. The primary chamber temperature is important in
that it provides an indirect measure of the energy input: (i.e., BTU/hr) that
is available for heating the waste. The higher the temperature is designed to
be in a given kiln, the more likely it is that the constituents will volatil-
ize. As discussed earlier under "Liquid Injection", temperature should be
continuously monitored and recorded. Additionally, it is important to know
the location of the temperature sensing device in the kiln.
3-24
-------
(2) Residence Time. This parameter is important in that it affects
whether sufficient heat is transferred to a particular constituent in order
for volatilization to occur. As the time that the waste is in the kiln is
increased, a greater quantity of heat is transferred to the hazardous waste
constituents. The residence time will be a function of the specific configu-
ration of the rotary kiln including the length and diameter of the kiln, the
waste feed rate, and the rate of rotation.
(3) Revolutions Per Minute (RPM). This parameter provides an
indication of the turbulence that occurs in the primary chamber of a rotary
kiln. As the turbulence increases, the quantity of heat transferred to the
waste would also be expected to increase. However, as the RPM value
increases, the residence time decreases resulting in a reduction of the
quantity of heat transferred to the waste. This parameter needs to be care-
fully evaluated because it provides a balance between turbulence and residence
time.
Fluidized Bed
As discussed previously, in the section on "Underlying Principles of
Operation", the primary chamber accounts for almost all of the conversion of
organic wastes to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and acid gas if halogens are
present. The secondary chamber will generally provide additional residence
time for thermal oxidation of the waste constituents. Relative to the primary
chamber, the parameters that the Agency will examine in assessing the effec-
tiveness of the design are temperature, residence time, and bed pressure
3-25
-------
differential. The first two were discussed under rotary kiln and will not be
discussed here. The latter, bed pressure differential, is important in that
it provides an indication of the amount of turbulence and, therefore, indi-
rectly the amount of heat supplied to the waste. In general, as the pressure
drop increases, both the turbulence and heat supplied increase. The pressure
drop through the bed should be continuously monitored and recorded to ensure
that the design value is achieved.
Fixed Hearth
The design considerations for this incineration unit are similar to
a rotary kiln with the exception that rate of rotation (i.e., RPM) is not an
applicable design parameter. For the primary chamber of this unit, the
parameters that the Agency will examine in assessing how well the unit is
designed are the same as discussed under rotary kiln; for the secondary
chamber (i.e., afterburner), the design and operating parameters of concern
are the same as previously discussed under "Liquid Injection."
3-26
-------
Incineration References
Ackerman DG, McGaughey JF, Wagoner, DE, "At Sea Incineration of
PCB-Containing Wastes on Board the M/T Vulcanus," USEPA, 600/7-83-024,
April 1983.
Bonner TA, et al., Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration.
SW-889. Prepared by Monsanto Research Corporation for U.S. EPA, NTIS PB
81-248163. June 1981.
Novak RG, Troxler WL, Dehnke TH, "Recovering Energy from Hazardous Waste
Incineration," Chemical Engineer Progress 91:146 (1984).
Oppelt ET, "Incineration of Hazardous Waste"; JAPCA; Volume 37, No. 5;
May, 1987.
Santoleri JJ, "Energy Recovery-A By-Product of Hazardous Waste Incineration
Systems," in Proceedings of the 15th Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste
Conference on Toxic and Hazardous Waste, 1983.
U.S. EPA, "Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document
for F001-F005 Spent Solvents," Volume 1, EPA/530-SW-86-056, November 1986.
Vogel G, et al., "Incineration and Cement Kiln Capacity for Hazardous Waste
Treatment," in Proceedings of the 12th Annual Research Symposium.
Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Wastes. Cincinnati, Ohio.
April 1986.
3-27
-------
The comparative method of measuring thermal
conductivity has been proposed as an ASTM test method under
the name "Guarded, Comparative, Longitudinal Heat Flow
Technique". A thermal heat flow circuit is used which is
the analog of an electrical circuit with resistances in
series. A reference material is chosen to have a thermal
conductivity close to that estimated for the sample.
Reference standards (also known as heat meters) having the
same cross-sectional dimensions as the sample are placed
above and below the sample. An upper heater, a lower
heater, and a heat sink are added to the "stack" to complete
the heat flow circuit. See Figure 1.
3-28
-------
GUARD
GRADIENT
STACK
GRADIENT
THERMOCOUPLE
CLAMP
UPPER STACK
HEATER
TOP REFERENCE
SAMPLE
1
J
• ^
TESTSAMPLE
J
BOTTOM
REFERENCE
SAMPLE
J
LOWER STACK
HEATER
LIQUID COOLED
HEAT SINK
1
__ ,t
7
HEAT FLOW
DIRECTION
Figure 1.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE COMPARATIVE METHOD
UPPER
GUARD
HEATER
*
LOWER
GUARD
HEATER
3-29
January 1988
-------
The temperature gradients (analogous to potential
differences) along the stack are measured with type K
(chromel/alumel) thermocouples placed at known separations.
The thermocouples are placed into holes or grooves in the
references and also in the sample whenever the sample is
thick enough to accommodate them.
For molten samples, pastes, greases, and other
materials that must be contained, the material is placed
into a cell consisting of a top and bottom of Pyrex 7740 and
a containment ring of marinite. The sample is 2 inch in
diameter and .5 inch thick. Thermocouples are not placed
into the sample but rather the temperatures measured in the
Pyrex are extrapolated to give the temperature at the top
and bottom surfaces of the sample material. The Pyrex disks
also serve as the thermal conductivity reference material.
The stack is clamped with a reproducible load to
insure intimate contact between the components. In order to
produce a linear flow of heat down the stack and reduce the
amount of heat that flows radially, a guard tube is placed
around the stack and the intervening space is filled with
insulating grains or powder. The temperature gradient in
the guard is matched to that in the stack to further reduce
radial heat flow.
The comparative method is a steady state method of
measuring thermal conductivity. When equilibrium is reached
the heat flux (analogous to current flow) down the stack can
be determined from the references. The heat into the sample
is given by
3-30 January 1988
-------
and the heat out of the sample is given by
Qout - xbottom(dT/dx>bottom
where
thermal conductivity
dT/dx = temperature gradient
and top refers to the upper reference while bottom refers to
the lower reference. If the heat was confined to flow just
down the stack, then Qin and Qout would be equal. If Q^n
and Qout are in reasonable agreement, the average heat flow
is calculated from
The sample thermal conductivity is then found from
3-31 January 1988
-------
Xsample = Q/sample
The result for the K102 Activated Charcoal Waste
tested here is given in Table 1. The sample was held at an
average temperature of 42C with a 53C temperature drop
across the sample for approximately 20 hours before the
temperature profile became steady and the conductivity
measured. At the conclusion of the test it appeared that
some "drying" of the sample had occurred.
3-32
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Table 3-1
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET 11
Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
4,000
3,000
4,600
5,300
2,200
93,000
<1,000
<1,000
1,400
7,300
<200
81,000
3,210
<200
<1,000
<200
<1,000
280
<10
SNA
<10
81
20
69
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-33
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Table 3-1 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
K019
Concentration
mg /kg
(ppm)
<50
120
470
<25
61
21
<10
<10
76
100
<6.0
1.2
0.97
0.63
4.0
2.1
3.4
3.0
<0.9
<2.0
5.8
<0.5
<5.0
790
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
178
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
Kiln Ash Kiln Ash
Concentration TCLP
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2
<5
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
8.0
3.6
26
0.66
44
2,370
120
66
3.3
4.1
12
<0.47
38
68
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.060
<0.002
0.033
<0.003
0.200
2.690
0.380
0.680
<0.009
<0.020
0.052
*0nly one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.
sample set.
The results are repeated in each
3-34
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Table 3-1 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F) +
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
*
*
Operating Value
1825-1900
120
K019: 13.1
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #1: 3.9-5.5
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #2: H.H-9.7
0.19-0.21
+Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-35
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Table 3-2
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #2
Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
3,800
<2,000
5,800
<10,000
<2,000
96,000
<10,000
<10,000
<2,000
6,700
<2,000
33,000
2,400
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
<10
<10
<10
280
<10
SNA
<10
74
<10
<10
16
60
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-36
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Table 3-2 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #2 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
K019 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
mg/kg
(ppm)
<50
85
314
<25
51
15
62
65
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.46
3.4
1.7
2.3
3.6
<0.9
<2.0
6.9
<0.5
<5.0
NA
mg/kg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2
<5
10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
Kiln Ash
TCLP
mg/L
(ppm)
6.8
2.8
23
0.96
60
3,430
42
89
3.4
4.8
13
<0.060
<0.002
0.036
0.004
0.130
2.380
0.260
0.560
<0.009
<0.020
0.071
<0.47
5.1
<50
NA Not Analyzed.
*0nly one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-37
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Table 3-2 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #2 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F)+
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
*
*
Operating Value
1800-1880
120
K019: 12.2
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #1: 5.2-5.5
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #2: 4.4-9-7
0.19-0.21
+Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-38
-------
Table 3-3
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #3
Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
K019
Concentration
mg /kg
(ppm)
<2,000
3,500
<2,000
5,000
<2,000
<2,000
87,000
<10,000
<10,000
<2,000
6,000
<2,000
34,000
2,200
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
mg/kg
(PPm)
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
290
<10
SNA
<10
80
19
73
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-39
-------
Table 3-3 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159- Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169- Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
<50
95
350
<25
59
11
67
70
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.53
3.5
1.7
3.4
2.3
<0.9
<2.0
4.4
<0.5
<5.0
NA
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
<2
<5
10
<2
<2
<2
5
<5
<0.47
6.1
64
Kiln Ash
TCLP
K019 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/L
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
9.2
5.7
54
3.6
202
290
118
169
1.9
6.0
16
<0.060
<0.002
0.057
0.005
0.260
7.030
0.620
0.960
<0.009
<0.020
0.170
NA = Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-40
-------
Table 3-3 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F) +
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
*
*
Operating Value
1850-1900
120
K019: 12.4
RCRA Blend Waste Burner *1: 5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend Waste Burner //2: 4.4-8.4
0.19-0.21
+Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-41
-------
Table 3-4
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #4
Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Aeenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
3,900
<2,000
5,300
<10,000
<2,000
122,000
<10,000
<10,000
<2,000
7,200
<2,000
44,000
2,300
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
310
<10
SNA
<10
84
21
61
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
12
<2
<2
<2
230
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
*0nly one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-42
-------
Table 3-4 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET M (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
NA = Not Analyzed.
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<50
94
360
<25
64
19
<10
< 10
82
74
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
Kiln Ash Kiln Ash
Concentration TCLP
mg/kg
(ppm)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
mg/L
(ppm)
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.3
1.8
<1.0
2.4
2.2
<0.9
<2.0
9.4
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
<0.5
<5.0
NA
0.9
31
830
<6.0
5.7
8.4
<0.3
28
1,270
25
6.9
2.6
<2.0
11
<0.060
<0.002
0.036
0.005
0.110
1.940
0.320
0.870
<0.009
<0.020
0.056
<0.47
3.2
<50
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-43
-------
Table 3-4 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #4 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F)+
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
*
x
Operating Value
1775-1900
120
K019: 12.7
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #1
5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #2: 4.4-7.3
0.19-0.21
+ Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-44
-------
Table 3-5
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #5
Untreated Waste
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
4,000
<2,000
6,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
130,000
< 10, 000
<10,000
<2,000
7,800
<2,000
45,000
2,500
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene <10 150 <2
57. Anthracene <10 110 <2
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene <10 67 <2
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 340 <20 <2
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate <10 40 <2
80. Chrysene SNA 28 <2
87. o-Dichlorobenzene <10 250 <2
88. p-Dichlorobenzene 90 32 <2
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate <10 31 <2
108. Fluoranthene <10 120 <2
109. Fluorene 19 53 <2
110. Hexachlorobenzene 87 <100 <10
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
3-45
-------
Table 3-5 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #5 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
K019 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration TCLP
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/L
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
<50
113
371
<25
63
19
73
72
<0.5
<5.0
NA
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.36
3.2
2.1
2.5
4.8
<0.9
<2.0
4.7
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
<2
<5
10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
9.1
3.9
21
1.2
125
2,780
86
166
3.3
5.7
22
<0.060
<0.002
0.054
0.006
0.210
2.140
0.290
1.270
<0.009
<0.020
0.086
<0.47
23
64
NA = Not Analyzed.
*0nly one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-46
-------
Table 3-5 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #5 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F) +
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Operating Value
1775-1800
120
K019: 11.7
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #1: 5.5-6.0
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #2: 5.2-9.7
0.19-0.21
+Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-47
-------
Table 3-6
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6
Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenapthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
4,100
<2,000
5,600
<10,000
<2,000
98,000
<10,000
<10,000
<2,000
6,900
<2,000
44,000
2,500
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
330
<10
SNA
<10
90
22
66
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-48
-------
Table 3-6 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
NA = Not Analyzed.
K019
Concentration
rag/kg
(ppm)
<50
88
390
<25
65
17
<10
<10
86
79
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
Kiln Ash Kiln Ash
Concentration TCLP
mg/kg
(ppm)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
mg/L
(ppm)
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.62
5.3
3.6
3.5
6.0
<0.9
<2.0
8.4
<0.5
<5.0
NA
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
9.6
2.3
11
2.2
141
520
34
288
3.1
8.7
13
< 0.06
<0.002
0.027
0.006
0.092
2.400
0.270
0.690
<0.009
<0.020
0.061
<0.47
4.7
92
*0nly one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
3-49
-------
Table 3-6 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F)+
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Operating Value
1775-1850
120
K019: 11.5
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #1: 5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend Waste Burner #2: 5.2-9.7
0.19-0.21
+Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-50
-------
Table 3-7
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #1
Untreated Waste Concentration
to
I
Ul
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
21. Dichlorod ifluoromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
52. Acenaphthene
56. Aniline
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
4,000
3,000
4,600
5,300
<200
2,200
93,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
1,400
7,300
<200
81,000
3,210
<200
< 1,000
<200
< 1,000
<10
<10
<25
<10
<10
280
<10
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
<20
<50
110
67
<20
40
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
5,900
<2,000
<2,000
4 1 , 000
<2,000
3,600
36,000
<10,000
16,000
<10,000
120
480
<250
400
<100
<100
<100
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
17.0
1.90
<0.4
<0.4
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
3.5
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
3.7
2.3
<0.4
4.4
<2
4.1
<2
<0.002
<0.002
1.22
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.079
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
OJ
I
Ln
ro
Table 3-7 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
91.2,6-Dichlorophenol
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
SNA
<10
<10
81
<25
<25
<10
<10
<10
20
69
<50
120
470
<10
<25
61
21
<10
<10
76
100
<50
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
28
<20
250
32
<50
<50
31
<20
120
53
<100
210
<100
<20
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<100
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<100
<100
1,060
460
<250
500
120
430
300
340
<500
<500
<500
400
<100
8,200
1,000
950
1,000
260
1,400
19,000
<500
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
2.55
0.260
0.420
0.430
0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.022
0.079
0.018
0.133
0.078
0.027
0.020
<0.002
4.56
<0.002
0.008
1.24
0.037
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.010
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
<0.010
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-base of 42,000
compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-7 (Continued)
Ul
UJ
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLAMT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List Metal,
Inorganic and PCB Constituents
METALS
15^. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
PCBs
206. Aroclor 1260
K019
rag/ kg
(ppm)
<6.0
1.2
0.97
<0.1
0.63
4.0
2.1
3.4
<0.05
3.0
<0.9
<2.0
5.8
<0.5
<5.0
790
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
24
94
1.3
<0.1
<0.3
40
165
27
<0.05
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<41
7.4
<19
NA
<33
23.7
107
<7.3
<5.5
6.2
<18
<2.6
6810
<0.5
15
16,000
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.06
<0.02
1.670
<0.001
0.003
<0.009
0.027
0.0064
<0.001
0.037
0.018
<0.020
0.071
0.010
0.950
17.0
NA
NA
33,500
NA
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
0.41
0.046
0.48
0.001
0.23
0.11
1.81
0.82
0.002
0.081
0.085
0.16
11.4
<0.01
20.0
NA
NA Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-7 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS DESIGN
Afterburner Temperature (°F
Residence Time (sec)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
*
*
*
Excess Oxygen Concentration (%)+
Carbon Monoxide Concentration (ppm volume)
OPERATING VALUE++
2380
2
PCB Blend Feed Rate: 36.1
Mercaptan-Contaminated Waste
Feed Rate: 0.18
6.8
NR
NR Not Recorded.
+ Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
++ See Tables 3-1 through 3-6 for K019 and RCRA Blend feed rates.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-54
-------
Table 3-8
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #2
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1 ,4-dichloro-2-butadiene
u> 21. Dichlorodifluoromethane
-------
Table 3-8 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #2 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
91. 2,6-Diehlorophenol
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
K019
nig/ kg
(ppm)
SNA
<10
<10
74
<25
<25
<10
<10
<10
16
60
<50
85
314
<10
<25
51
15
<10
<10
62
65
<50
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
28
<20
250
32
<50
<50
31
<20
120
53
<100
210
<100
<20
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<100
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<100
<100
1,060
460
<250
500
120
430
300
340
<500
<500
<500
400
<100
8,200
1,000
950
1,000
260
1,400
19,000
<500
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
0.002
2.55
0.260
0.420
0.430
0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.022
0.079
0.018
0.133
0.078
0.027
0.020
<0.002
4.56
<0.002
0.008
1.24
0.037
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
0.063
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.010
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
<0.010
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an MBS Library data-base of 42,000
compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-8 (Continued)
U)
I
Ul
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #2 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List Metal,
Inorganic and PCS Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
PCBs
206. Aroclor 1260
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.1
0.46
3.4
1.7
2.3
<0.05
3.6
<0.9
<2.0
6.9
<0.5
<5.0
NA
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
24
94
1.3
<0.1
0.3
40
165
27
<0.05
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<41
7.9
<19
NA
<33
23.7
107
<7.3
<5.5
6.2
<18
<2.6
6810
<0.5
15
16,000
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.06
<0.02
1.670
<0.001
<0.003
<0.009
0.027
0.0064
<0.001
0.037
0.018
<0.02
0.071
0.010
0.950
17.0
NA
NA
33,500
NA
NA Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
0.39
0.038
0.50
<0.001
0.19
0.14
1.38
0.78
0.0026
0.068
0.095
0.18
11.0
<0.01
15.0
NA
-------
Table 3-8 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #2 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS DESIGN
Afterburner Temperature (°F)+ *
Residence Time (sec) *
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+ *
Excess Oxygen Concentration (%)+
Carbon Monoxide Concentration (ppm volume)
OPERATING VALUE**
2UOO
2
PCB Blend Feed Rate: 36.5
Mercaptan-Contaminated Waste
Feed Rate: 0.18
7.0
NR
NR Not Recorded.
+ Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
++ See Tables 3-1 through 3-6 for K019 and RCRA Blend feed rates.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-58
-------
Table 3-9
so
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #3
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BDAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
21. Dichlorodifluoromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
52. Acenaphthene
56. Aniline
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
3,500
<2,000
5.000
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
87,000
<10,000
<10,000
<2,000
6,000
<2,000
34,000
2,200
<2,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
< 10, 000
<10
<10
<25
<10
<10
290
<10
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
<20
<50
110
67
<20
40
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
5,900
<2,000
<2,000
41,000
<2,000
3,600
36,000
< 10, 000
16,000
<10,000
120
480
<250
400
<100
<100
<100
Me reap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
17.0
1.9
<0.4
<0.4
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
3.5
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
3.7
2.3
<0.4
4.4
<2
4.1
<2
<0.002
<0.002
1.22
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.079
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
0.0043
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
0.0026
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-9 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
91. 2,6-Dichlorophenol
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
SNA
<10
<10
80
<25
<25
<10
<10
<10
19
73
<50
95
350
<10
<25
59
11
<10
<10
67
70
<50
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
28
<20
250
32
<50
<50
31
<20
120
53
<100
210
<100
<20
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<100
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<100
<100
1,060
460
<250
500
120
430
300
340
<500
<500
<500
400
<100
8,200
1,000
950
1,000
260
1,400
19,000
<500
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
0.002
2.55
0.260
0.420
0.430
0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.022
0.079
0.018
0.133
0.078
0.027
0.020
<0.002
4.56
<0.002
0.008
1.240
0.037
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
0.0046
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.010
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
<0.010
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-base of 42,000
compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-9 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List Metal,
Inorganic and PCB Constituents
METALS
OJ
1
ON
H"1
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
165.
167.
168.
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Vanadium
Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
PCBs
206. Arochlor 1260
K019
rag/ kg
(ppm)
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.1
0.53
3.5
1.7
3.4
<0.05
2.3
<0.9
<2.0
4.4
<0.5
<5.0
NA
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
24
94
1.3
<0.1
<0.3
40
165
27
<0.05
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<41
7.4
<19
NA
<33
23.7
107
<7.3
<5.5
6.2
<18
<2.6
6810
<0.5
15
16,000
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.06
<0.02
1.670
<0.001
0.003
<0.009
0.027
0.0064
<0.001
0.037
0.018
<0.02
0.071
0.010
0.950
17.0
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
0.41
0.030
0.530
<0.001
0.150
0.13
1.18
0.64
0.0015
0.057
<0.009
0.150
9.50
<0.01
14.0
NA
33,500
NA
NA Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-9 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS DESIGN OPERATING VALUE++
Afterburner Temperature (°F)+ * 2400
Residence Time (sec) * 2
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+ * PCB Blend Feed Rate: 36.5
Mercaptan-Contaminated Waste
Feed Rate: 0.18
Excess Oxygen Concentration (%)+ 7.2
Carbon Monoxide Concentration (ppm volume)'*" 0
+ Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
++ See Tables 3-1 through 3-6 for K019 and RCRA Blend feed rates.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-62
-------
Table 3-10
CO
I
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #4
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4 . Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1 ,4-dichloro-2-butadiene
21. Dichlorodifluoromethane
22. 1 , 1-Dichloroethane
23. 1 ,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1 ,1,2,2 -Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45 . 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMI VOLATILES
5 1 . Acenaphthalene
52. Acenaphthene
56. Aniline
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
3,900
<2,000
5,300
< 10, 000
<2,000
<2,000
122,000
< 10, 000
<10,000
<2,000
7,200
<2,000
44,000
2,300
<2,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
<10,000
<10
<10
<25
<10
<10
310
<10
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
<20
<50
110
67
<20
40
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
5,900
<2,000
<2,000
41,000
<2,000
3,600
36,000
<10,000
16,000
<1 0,000
120
480
<250
400
<100
<100
<100
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
17.0
1.9
<0.4
<0.4
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
3.5
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
3.7
2.3
<0.4
4.4
<2
4.1
<2
<0.002
<0.002
1.22
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.079
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
0.014
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
0.0046
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
UJ
I
Table 3-10 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #4 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
91. 2,6-Dichlorophenol
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
K019
rag /kg
(ppmj
SNA
<10
<10
84
<25
<25
<10
<10
<10
21
61
<50
94
360
<10
<25
64
19
<10
<10
82
74
<50
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
28
<20
250
32
<50
<50
31
<20
120
53
<100
210
<100
<20
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<100
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<100
<100
1,060
460
<250
500
120
430
300
340
<500
<500
<500
400
<100
8,200
1,000
950
1,000
260
1,400
19,000
<500
Me reap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
0.002
2.55
0.260
0.420
0.430
0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.022
0.079
0.018
0.133
0.078
0.027
0.020
<0.002
4.56
<0.002
0.008
1.240
0.037
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
0.0042
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.010
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
<0.010
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-base of 42,000
compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-10 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #4 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Mereaptan-
Contaminated
Waste*
Detected BOAT List Metal,
Inorganic and PCB Constituents
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
mg/L
(ppm)
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
I
OS
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
PCBs
206. Aroclor 1260
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.1
<0.3
1.8
<1.0
2.4
<0.05
2.2
<0.9
<2.0
9.4
<0.5
5.0
NA
NA
24
94
1.3
<0.1
<0.3
40
165
27
<0.05
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
NA
7.4
<19
NA
<33
23.7
107
<7.3
<5.5
6.2
<18
<2.6
6810
<0.5
15
16,000
33,500
<0.06
<0.02
1.670
<0.001
0.003
<0.009
0.027
0.0064
<0.001
0.037
0.018
<0.02
0.071
0.010
0.950
17.0
NA
0.4
0.029
0.55
<0.001
0.13
0.14
1.13
0.600
0.0004
0.065
0.092
0.150
9.98
<0.01
13.0
NA
NA Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-10 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #4 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS DESIGN OPERATING VALUE-M-
Afterburner Temperature (°F)"1' * 2400
Residence Time (sec) * 2
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+ * PCB Blend Feed Rate: 36.5
Mercaptan-Contaminated Waste
Feed Rate: 0.18
Excess Oxygen Concentration (%)+ 6.4
Carbon Monoxide Concentration (ppm volume)"*" 0
+ Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
++ See Tables 3-1 through 3-6 for K019 and RCRA Blend feed rates.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-66
-------
Table 3-11
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #5
Untreated Waste Concentration
U)
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
21. D ichlorod ifluoromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
52. Acenaphthene
56. Aniline
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
4,000
<2,000
6,000
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
130,000
<10,000
<10,000
<2,000
7,800
<2,000
45,000
2,500
<2,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
< 10, 000
<10
<10
<25
<10
<10
340
<10
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
<20
<50
110
67
<20
40
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<1 0,000
5,900
<2,000
<2,000
41,000
<2,000
3,600
36,000
<10,000
16,000
<10,000
120
480
<250
400
<100
<100
<100
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
17.0
1.9
<0.4
<0.4
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
3.5
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
3.7
2.3
<0.4
4.4
<2
4.1
<2
<0.002
<0.002
1.22
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.079
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
•C0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.0035
Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-11 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #5 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
91. 2,6-Dichlorophenol
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
K019
mg /kg
(ppm)
SWA
<10
<10
90
<25
<25
<10
<10
<10
19
87
<50
113
371
<10
<25
63
19
<10
<10
73
72
<50
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
28
<20
250
32
<50
<50
31
<20
120
53
<100
210
<100
<20
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<100
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(PPm)
<100
<100
1,060
460
<250
500
120
430
300
340
<500
<500
<500
400
<100
8,200
1,000
950
1,000
260
1,400
19,000
<500
Me reap tan -
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
2.55
0.260
0.420
0.430
0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.022
0.079
0.018
0.133
0.078
0.027
0.020
<0.002
4.56
<0.002
0.008
1.240
0.037
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
0.0043
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
<0.010
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-base of 42,000
compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-11 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #5 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List Metal,
Inorganic and PCB Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
PCBs
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.1
0.36
3.2
2.1
2.5
<0.05
4.8
<0.9
<2.0
4.7
<0.5
<5.0
NA
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
24
94
1.3
<0.1
<0.3
40
165
27
<0.05
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<41
7.4
<19
NA
<33
23.7
107
<7.3
<5.5
6.2
<18
<2.6
6810
<0.5
15
16,000
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.06
<0.002
1.670
<0.001
<0.003
<0.009
0.027
0.0064
<0.001
0.037
0.018
<0.02
0.071
10
950
17.0
NA
206. Aroclor 1260
NA Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken.
NA
33,500
NA
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
0.35
0.027
0.600
0.002
0.12
0.14
1.03
0.48
0.001
0.067
0.090
0.160
11.1
<0.01
12.0
NA
The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-11 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #5 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS DESIGN
Afterburner Temperature (°F)+
Residence Time (sec)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+
*
*
Excess Oxygen Concentration (%)+
Carbon Monoxide Concentration (ppm volume)
OPERATING VALUE++
2400
2
PCB Blend Feed Rate: 37-5
Mercaptan-Contaminated Waste
Feed Rate: 0.18
6.8
NR
NR Not Recorded.
+ Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
++ See Tables 3-1 through 3-6 for K019 and RCRA Blend feed rates.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-70
-------
Table 3-12
OJ
I
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #6
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
20. Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
21. D ichlorod ifluoromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
52. Acenaphthene
56. Aniline
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
4,000
<2,000
5,600
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
98,000
< 10, 000
< 10, 000
<2,000
6,900
<2,000
44,000
2,500
<2,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
<10,000
<10
<10
<25
<10
<10
330
<10
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<40
<8
<8
<8
940
910
<8
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
<20
<50
110
67
<20
40
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
5,900
<2,000
<2,000
41,000
<2,000
3,600
36,000
<10,000
16,000
<10,000
120
480
<250
400
<100
<100
<100
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
17.0
1.9
<0.4
<0.4
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
3.5
<2.0
<0.4
<0.4
3.7
2.3
<0.4
4.4
<2
4.1
<2
<0.002
<0.002
1.22
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.079
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-12 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
91. 2,6-Dichlorophenol
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
K019
mg/kg
(ppm)
SNA
<10
<10
90
<25
<25
<10
<10
<10
22
66
<50
88
390
<10
<25
65
17
<10
<10
86
79
<50
RCRA Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
28
<20
250
32
<50
<50
31
<20
120
53
<100
210
<100
<20
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<100
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<100
<100
1,060
460
<250
500
120
430
300
340
<500
<500
<500
400
<100
8,200
1,000
950
1,000
260
1,400
19,000
<500
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
2.55
0.260
0.420
0.430
0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.022
0.079
0.018
0.133
0.078
0.027
0.020
<0.002
4.56
<0.002
0.008
1.24
0.037
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
0.0025
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.005
<0.005
<0.01
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-base of 42,000
compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken. The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-12 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - AFTERBURNER
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Concentration
Detected BOAT List Metal,
Inorganic and PCB Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
u> 159. Chromium
-j 160. Copper
w 161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
PCBs
206. Aroclor 1260
K019
rag/ kg
(ppm)
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.1
0.62
5.3
3.6
3.5
<0.05
6.0
<0.9
<2.0
8.4
<0.5
<5.0
NA
RCRA Blend*
mg /kg
(ppm)
24
94
1.3
<0.1
<0.3
40
165
27
<0.05
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
PCB Blend*
mg/kg
(ppm)
<41
7.4
<19
NA
<33
23.7
107
<7.3
<5.5
6.2
<18
<2.6
6810
<0.5
15
16,000
Mercap tan-
Contaminated
Waste*
mg/L
(ppm)
<0.06
<0.02
1.670
<0.001
0.003
<0.009
0.027
0.0064
<0.001
0.037
0.018
<0.02
0.071
0.010
0.950
17.0
NA
NA
NA Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of this waste type was taken.
33,500
NA
Treated Waste
Scrubber
Water
mg/L
(ppm)
0.32
0.033
0.57
<0.001
0.11
0.13
0.87
0.4
0.001
0.061
0.092
0.16
10.4
<0.01
12.0
NA
The results are repeated in each sample set.
-------
Table 3-12 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS DESIGN
Afterburner Temperature (°F)+ *
Residence Time (sec) *
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)+ *
Excess Oxygen Concentration (%)+
Carbon Monoxide Concentration (ppm volume)
OPERATING VALUE++
2350
2
PCB Blend Feed Rate: 37.5
Mercaptan-Contaminated Waste
Feed Rate: 0.18
7.0
NR
NR Not Recorded.
+ Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
++ See Tables 3-1 through 3-6 for K019 and RCRA Blend feed rates.
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information. The
information is available in the confidential portion of the Administrative Record for
this rulemaking.
3-74
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4.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
This section presents the rationale behind the determination of
rotary kiln incineration as the best demonstrated and available technology
(BOAT) for the chlorinated waste group (K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030).
In Section 3.0 of this document, the Agency identified two demon-
strated and available technologies to be considered for BOAT for the chlori-
nated waste group (K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030). The two technologies
are: rotary kiln incineration and liquid injection incineration.
As described in Section 1.0, BOAT for treatment of these wastes is
identified based on treatment performance data available to the Agency. (All
performance data available to the Agency are discussed in Section 3.0.) Prior
to being used to establish treatment standards, performance data are screened
to determine whether they represent operation of a well-designed and operated
system, whether sufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control
measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the data, and whether the
appropriate measure of performance was used to assess the performance of the
particular treatment technology, i.e., total constituent concentration in the
case of incineration. All remaining data are then adjusted based on recovery
data in order to take into account analytical interferences associated with
the chemical make-up of the samples. Finally, treatment performance data from
each technology are compared (technology to technology), to determine whether
any technology performs better than the others.
4-1
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4.1 Review of Performance Data
The available treatment performance data presented in Section 3.0
were reviewed and assessed to determine whether they represent operation of a
well-designed and operated system, whether sufficient quality assurance/qual-
ity control measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the data, and
whether the appropriate measure of performance was used to assess the perfor-
mance of the treatment technology.
The treatment performance data and the design and operating data
collected during the test on the rotary kiln incineration of K019 at plant A
were reviewed. The appropriate measure of performance (total constituent
concentration) was used to assess the rotary kiln incineration system.
Additionally, the Agency had no reason to believe that the treatment system at
plant A was not well-designed and well-operated or that insufficient analyti-
cal quality assurance/quality control measures were employed. Therefore,
these data were considered in the determination of BOAT.
As discussed in Section 3.0, treatment performance data are not
available for liquid injection incineration for the chlorinated waste group
(K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030). Therefore, in the absence of treatment
performance data for these wastes or wastes judged to be similar, liquid
injection incineration was considered and ultimately rejected as BDAT for the
chlorinated waste group (K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030). However, the
4-2
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Agency believes that a well designed and operated liquid injection incinera-
tion system will meet the BDAT treatment standards established for this waste
group.
4.2 Accuracy Correction of Performance Data
Following the review of all available treatment performance data,
the remaining treatment performance data for the demonstrated and available
technology (rotary kiln incineration) were adjusted in order to take into
account analytical interferences associated with the chemical make-up of the
samples. Generally, performance data were corrected for accuracy as follows:
(1) a matrix spike recovery was determined, as explained below, for each BDAT
List constituent detected in the untreated or treated waste; (2) an accuracy
correction factor was determined for each of the above constituents by divid-
ing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (in percent) for that constituent; and
(3) treatment performance data for each BDAT List constituent detected in the
untreated or treated waste were corrected by multiplying the reported concen-
tration of the constituent by the corresponding accuracy correction factor.
Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a
treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the
addition of a known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the
sample. The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent
recovered after spiking minus the initial concentration of the constituent in
the sample, and the result divided by the known amount of constituent added.
4-3
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4.2.1 Nonwastewater
Matrix spike recoveries used in adjustment of the treatment perfor-
mance data for the kiln ash residue are presented in Table D-4 of Appendix D
of this background document. Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some
BOAT List volatile and semivolatile constituents in kiln ash. If duplicate
matrix spikes were performed for an organic constituent, the matrix spike
recovery used for that constituent was the lower of the two values from the
first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent,
the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average
matrix spike recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (volatile or
semivolatile constituents) for which recovery data were available. In these
cases, the matrix spike recoveries for all volatiles or semivolatiles from the
first matrix spike were averaged. Similarly, an average matrix spike recovery
was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries. The lower of the
two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile or semivolatile group was
used for any volatile or semivolatile constituent for which no matrix spike
was performed. For example, no matrix spike was performed for di-n-butyl
phthalate, a base/neutral fraction semivolatile, in rotary kiln incinerator
ash; however, the treatment performance data for this constituent were
adjusted for accuracy using a matrix spike recovery of 103 percent. This
recovery was developed by averaging the matrix spike recoveries calculated for
all base/neutral fraction semivolatiles in the first matrix spike (104$) and
4-4
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the duplicate spike (103%)- The lower average matrix spike recovery of 103$
was selected to subsequently calculate the accuracy correction factor and the
corrected treatment concentration for di-n-butyl phthalate.
The accuracy correction factors for rotary kiln ash data are
presented in Table D-6 of Appendix D of this document. The corrected treat-
ment concentrations for the BDAT List organic constituents detected in either
the untreated K019 or rotary kiln ash are presented in Table 4-1 for kiln ash
residue.
4.2.2 Wastewater
The method used for accuracy correction of the wastewater (scrubber
water) data was the same as that described above for nonwastewaters, except
that the specific matrix spike recovery values used in this proposed rule for
constituents for which matrix spike recovery data are not available differed
from those used in nonwastewaters.
The method for determination of accuracy correction factors used in
this proposed rule is discussed" in subsection 4.2.2(a). Also presented below
(Section 4.2.2(b)) is the adjustment of treatment concentrations using
accuracy correction factors determined to be consistent with the method used
at proposal for nonwastewaters. EPA will consider this method for the final
rule.
4-5
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(a) Method used in proposed rule. Presented in this section is the
method used to determine accuracy correction factors used and the subsequent
adjustment of the wastewater (scrubber water) treatment performance data
performed for the proposed rule. Matrix spike recoveries used to calculate
accuracy correction factors for adjustment of the treatment performance data
are presented in Table D-5 of Appendix D of this background document. As
shown in Table D-5, duplicate matrix spikes were performed for an organic
constituent, the matrix spike recovery used for that constituent was the lower
of the two values from the first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent,
the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the lowest
matrix spike recovery of the appropriate group of constituents (volatile or
semivolatile) for which recovery data were available. For example, no matrix
spike was performed for naphthalene, a base/neutral fraction semivolatile, in
scrubber water; however, the treatment performance data for this constituent
were adjusted for accuracy using a matrix spike recovery of 60 percent. This
recovery (60%) from 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was the lowest matrix spike
recovery for all base/neutral fraction semivolatiles in the first spike and
the duplicate spike. The lowest matrix spike recovery of 60% was used to
subsequently calculate the accuracy correction factor and the corrected
treatment concentration for naphthalene.
The accuracy correction factors for wastewater (scrubber water) data
are presented in Table D-6 of Appendix D of this document. The corrected
4-6
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treatment concentrations for the BOAT List organic constituent detected in
either the untreated K019 or scrubber water are presented in Table 4-2.
b) Method to be considered for the final rule. Presented in this
section is an alternative method for determination of accuracy correction
factors and the subsequent adjustment of the wastewater (scrubber water)
treatment performance data to be considered for the final rule. Matrix spike
recoveries used to calculate accuracy correction factors for adjustment of the
treatment performance data are presented in Table D-7 of Appendix D. As shown
in Table D-7, if duplicate matrix spikes were performed for an organic
constituent, the matrix spike recovery used for that constituent was the lower
of the two values from the first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent,
the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average
matrix recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (volatile or
semivolatile constituents) for which recovery data were available. In these
cases, the matrix spike recoveries for all volatiles or semivolatiles from the
first matrix spike were averaged. Similarly, an average matrix spike recovery
was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries. The lower of the
two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile or semivolatile group was
used for any volatile or semivolatile constituent for which no matrix spike
was performed. For example, no matrix spike was performed for 1,1,2-tri-
chloroethane, a volatile, in scrubber water; however, the treatment
performance data for this constituent were adjusted for accuracy using a
4-7
-------
matrix spike recovery of 78 percent. This recovery was determined by
averaging the matrix spike recoveries calculated for all volatiles in the
first matrix spike (83%} and the duplicate spike (78$). The lower average
matrix spike recovery of 78$ was selected to subsequently calculate the
accuracy correction factor and the corrected treatment concentration for
1,1,2-trichloroethane.
The accuracy correction factors for wastewater (scrubber water) data
calculated using this method are presented in Table D-6 of Appendix D of this
document. The corrected treatment concentrations for each BDAT List organic
constituent detected in either the untreated K019 or scrubber water are
presented in Table 4-3.
4.3 Statistical Comparison of Performance Data
In cases where the Agency has treatment data from more than one
technology, EPA uses the statistical method known as the analysis of variance,
ANOVA (discussed in Section 1.0), to determine if one technology performs
significantly better than the rest. In this case the Agency has treatment
data only for rotary kiln incineration of K019 at plant A; therefore, an ANOVA
comparison is not applicable and rotary kiln incineration is determined to be
BDAT for the nonwastewater forms of K019.
4-8
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4.4 BOAT for K016. K018. K019. K020 and K030
The best demonstrated and available technology for K019 has been
determined to be rotary kiln incineration. As discussed in Section 2.0, EPA
has determined that the chlorinated waste group, K016, K018, K019, K020 and
K030, represents a single waste treatability group. Therefore, since rotary
kiln incineration has been determined to be BDAT for K019, this technology is
also BDAT for K016, K018, K020 and K030.
4-9
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Table 4-1
TREATMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR K019 KILN ASH RESIDUE CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY*
Constituent
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzehe
(ppm)
2
(PPm)
Sample Set
(ppm)
4
(ppm)
5
(ppm)
6~
(ppm)
2.13
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.86
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
2.13
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.86
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
2.13
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.86
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
2.13
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.86
1.94
11.7
223
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
2.13
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.86
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
2.13
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.86
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
*This table presents corrected treatment concentrations for the BOAT List
organic constituents detected in either the untreated K019 or rotary kiln ash
from plant A. Calculations are shown in Appendix D.
4-10
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Table 4-2
TREATMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR SCRUBBER WATER CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY*
(CALCULATED FOR PROPOSAL)**
Sample Set
123456
Constituent (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
7. Carbon tetrachloride 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
9. Chlorobenzene 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
14. Chloroform 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
21. Dichlorodifluoromethane 0.005 0.005 0.009 0.032 0.005 0.005
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
42. Tetrachloroethene 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
43. Toluene 0.005 0.007 0.007 0.0011 0.005 0.005
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
47. Trichloroethene 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
88. p-Dichlorobenzene 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate 0.003 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.005 0.005
109. Fluorene 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
110. Hexachlorobenzene 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017
113. Hexachloroethane 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017
121. Naphthalene 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
136. Pentachlorobenzene 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017
141. Phenanthrene 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008
*This table presents corrected treatment concentrations for the BDAT List
organic constituents detected in either the untreated K019 or scrubber water
from plant A. Calculations are shown in Appendix D.
**The adjusted treatment concentration values were obtained using the method
for determination of accuracy correction factors for wastewater
(scrubber water) used for the proposed rule. Proposed treatment standards
are based on these adjusted concentrations.
4-11
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Table 4-3
TREATMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR SCRUBBER WATER CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY*
(TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE)**
Sample Set
1 2
Constituent
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
21. Dichlorodifluororaethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 0.006
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
*This table presents corrected treatment concentrations for the BOAT List
organic constituents detected in either the untreated K019 or scrubber water
from plant A. Calculations are shown in Appendix D.
**These adjusted treatment concentrations were obtained using the alternative
method for determination of accuracy correction factors to be considered for
the final rule. These adjusted treatment concentrations were used to
calculate wastewater treatment standards which will be considered for the
final rule.
1
(ppm)
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.012
0.002
0.006
0.008
2
(ppm)
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.008
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.012
0.002
0.006
0.008
3
(ppm)
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.006
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.012
0.002
0.006
0.008
4
(PPm)
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.018
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.012
0.002
0.006
0.008
5
(ppm)
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.012
0.002
0.006
0.008
6
(ppm)
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.012
0.002
0.006
0.008
4-12
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5.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
This section presents the methodology and rationale for selection of
the constituents that are being proposed for regulation in K016, K018, K019,
K020, and K030.
The Agency initially considers for regulation all constituents on
the BDAT List (see Table 1-1, Section 1.0). Table 5-1 presents a summary of
the BDAT List constituents that were detected in K016, K018, K019, K020, and
K030. All BDAT List constituents that were detected in the wastes were
further considered for regulation in that waste, unless a constituent was
deleted from consideration for one of the following reasons: (1) the constit-
uent was not present at treatable levels in the untreated wastes; (2) treat-
ment performance data for the constituent did not show effective treatment; or
(3) the constituent was detected in an untreated waste at treatable levels but
treatment performance data demonstrating effective treatment by BDAT were
unavailable for that constituent in the waste or for a waste judged to be
similar. Table 5-2 presents constituents from the BDAT constituent list that
were considered for regulation following deletion of certain constituents for
the three reasons described above.
Not all BDAT List constituents considered for regulation and shown
on Table 5-2 were selected for regulation. Two methods are presented for
selection of constituents for regulation in K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030:
the method used for wastewaters in this proposed rule and the method used for
5-1
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nonwastewaters in this proposed rule and which the Agency will consider for
selection of regulated constituents in both wastewaters and nonwastewaters for
the final rule.
The constituents proposed for regulation in wastewater were selected
by considering the concentrations of BOAT List constituents present in the
untreated K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. This selection method is
discussed in more detail in Section 5.3.2(a).
The Agency selected constituents for regulation in nonwastewater for
the proposed rule after consideration of the concentration of the constituent
in the untreated waste, the relative difficulty associated with achievement of
effective treatment of the constituent by BOAT, and the level of control of
the constituent that can be expected through treatment required to comply with
treatment standards established for other constituents in the waste. This
selection method is discussed in more detail in Sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3.
Constituents proposed for regulation in nonwastewaters are presented in
Section 5.3.1. Constituents selected for regulation in wastewater based on
this methodology are presented in Section 5.3.2(b).
5.1 BDAT List Constituents Detected in the Waste
BOAT List constituents that were detected in untreated K016, K018,
K019, K020, and K030 were considered for regulation. In addition to the
constituents detected in the untreated waste, those constituents that were
5-2
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detected in the treatment residuals were also considered for regulation, even
if they were not detected in the untreated waste. These constituents are
labelled ND** in Table 5-1. For each of these constituents, EPA determined
(1) whether the constituent was introduced to the treatment system in another
waste treated at the same time as the waste of concern; (2) whether analytical
difficulties may have interfered with detection of the constituent in the
untreated waste; and (3) whether the constituent may have been formed as a
result of treatment of the waste of concern. Specifically, for treatment by
incineration, EPA evaluated the likelihood that the constituent is a product
of incomplete combustion of the waste of concern.
A BOAT List constituent was not considered for regulation if: (1)
the constituent was not detected in the untreated waste; (2) the constituent
was not analyzed in the untreated waste; or (3) detection limits or analytical
results were not obtained for the constituent due to analytical or accuracy
problems. The constituents that were not considered for regulation for these
reasons are identified in Table 5-1; each reason is explained in more detail
below.
Constituents That Were Not Detected in the Untreated Waste. Con-
stituents that were not detected in the untreated waste (labelled ND or ND* in
Table 5-1) were not considered for regulation. Analytical detection limits
were, in most cases, practical quantification limits. In some cases, where
data were submitted to the Agency by outside sources, the nature of the
detection limits and whether or not the waste was analyzed for a constituent
5-3
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are unknown (labelled ND* in Table 5-1). Since detection limits vary depend-
ing upon the nature of the waste matrix being analyzed, the detection limits
determined in the characterization of these wastes are included in Appendix F.
Constituents That Were Not Analyzed. Some constituents on the BDAT
List were not considered for regulation because they were not analyzed in the
untreated wastes (labelled NA, NA*, or NA** in Table 5-1). Some constituents
were not analyzed in the untreated wastes based on the judgment that it is
extremely unlikely that the constituent would be present in the wastes (NA**).
Other constituents were not analyzed in the untreated waste because they were
not on the BDAT List of constituents at the time of analysis (NA*). In cases
where data were submitted to the Agency by outside sources, it may not be
known if and/or why constituents were not analyzed (NA).
Constituents For Which Analytical Results Were Not Obtained Due to
Analytical or Accuracy Problems. Some constituents on the BDAT List were not
considered for regulation because detection limits or analytical results were
not obtained due to analytical or accuracy problems (labelled A in Table 5-1).
The analytical and accuracy problems include: (1) laboratory QA/QC analyses
indicated inadequate recoveries and, therefore, the accuracy of the analysis
for the constituent could not be ensured; (2) a standard was not available for
the constituent and, therefore, system calibration could not be performed for
the constituent; and (3) colorimetric interferences occurred during analysis
for the constituent and, therefore, accurate analyses could not be performed.
5-4
-------
5.2 Constituents Detected in Untreated Waste But Not Considered for
Regulation
BOAT List constituents that were detected in the untreated K016,
K018, K019, K020, and K030 wastes were not considered for regulation if (1)
available treatment performance data for the constituent did not show effec-
tive treatment by BDAT; (2) treatment performance data were not available for
the constituent; or (3) the constituent was not present at treatable levels in
the waste.
BDAT List metal constituents were not considered for regulation in
K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 because these constituents were not detected
at treatable concentrations in neither the untreated K019 waste nor the K019
treatment residuals (incinerator ash and scrubber water). Data were not
available for metals analyses in K016, K018, K020, and K030. However, due to
the similarity between these wastes and K019, metals would also not be
expected to be present at treatable concentrations. Furthermore, incinera-
tion, the technology for which treatment performance data were collected for
K019 waste, does not provide substantial treatment for metals.
Sulfide was not considered for regulation for K019 nonwastewater
because the technology determined to be BDAT for K019 (rotary kiln
incineration) does not provide effective treatment for this constituent.
Moreover, the Agency is unaware of any demonstrated technology for treatment
of sulfide in K019.
5-5
-------
BDAT List constituents that were further considered for regulation
following the deletion of BDAT List metals are listed on Table 5-2.
5.3 Constituents Selected for Regulation
BDAT List constituents selected for regulation in K016, K018, K019,
K020, and K030 are presented in Table 5-3. The selection of regulated con-
stituents in nonwastewaters is discussed in Section 5.3.1 and for wastewaters
in Section 5.3.2.
5.3.1 Selection of Regulated Constituents in Nonwastewater
Regulated organic and inorganic constituents in nonwastewater were
selected from those BDAT List organic and inorganic constituents detected in
the untreated wastes that were effectively treated by rotary kiln inciner-
ation.
As explained in Section 1.0, the Agency is not regulating all of the
constituents considered for regulation (Table 5-2) to reduce the analytical
cost burdens on the treater and to facilitate implementation of the compliance
and enforcement program. Table 5-3 presents the constituents selected for
regulation after consideration of: (1) constituent concentration levels in
the untreated waste; (2) whether the constituents are adequately controlled by
the regulation of another constituent; and (3) the relative difficulty
associated with achieving effective treatment of the constituent by BDAT.
5-6
-------
Determination of adequate control for organic constituents was based
on an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents that would affect
performance of rotary kiln incineration relative to the kiln ash residual,
specifically, the boiling point of the constituents. In general, a constitu-
ent is believed to be controlled by regulation of another constituent that has
a higher boiling point. Boiling points for all BDAT List constituents con-
sidered for regulation are tabulated in Appendix E.
The constituents selected for regulation and the constituents
controlled by regulating other constituents are discussed below for each waste
code.
K016
All constituents considered for regulation in K016 nonwastewater
were selected for regulation. The constituents selected for regulation are
tetrachloroethane, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene, and hexachloroethane.
K018
Chloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichlo-
roethane, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachloroethane, and
pentachloroethane were selected for regulation in K018 nonwastewater. Chlo-
romethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane were detected in untreated K018 and were
considered for regulation, but were not selected because they were found at
5-7
-------
lower concentrations in the untreated waste and they are believed to be
adequately controlled by incineration of other constituents that have been
selected for regulation. This decision was based on a comparison of boiling
points of those constituents considered for regulation. EPA believes that
chloromethane (bp -24°C) will be adequately controlled by regulation of
chloroethane (bp 12°C), 1,1-dichloroethane (bp 57°C), and other regulated
constituents with boiling points higher than -24°C. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (bp
113°C) will be adequately controlled by regulation of pentachloroethane (bp
161°C), hexachloroethane (bp 187°C), and other regulated constituents with
boiling points higher than 113°C.
K019
Chlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethene,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, hexachloroethane, naphthalene,
phenanthrene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were selected for regulation in K019
nonwastewater. Carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetra-
chloroethane, trichloroethene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, p-dichlorobenzene,
fluorene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexaehlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene were detected in untreated K019 and were considered
for regulation, but were not selected because these constituents were found at
lower concentrations in the untreated waste and they are believed to be
adequately controlled by incineration of other constituents which have been
selected for regulation. This decision was based on a comparison of the
boiling points of those constituents considered for regulation. EPA believes
that carbon tetrachloride (bp 77°C) will be adequately controlled by regu-
5-8
-------
lation of chlorobenzene (bp 131°C), 1,2-dichloroethane (bp 83°C), and other
regulated constituents with boiling points higher than 77°C. 1,1-Dichloro-
ethane (bp 57°C) will be adequately controlled by regulation of chlorobenzene
(bp 131°C), chloroform (bp 61°C), and other regulated constituents with
boiling points higher than 57°C. Trichloroethene (bp 87°) will be adequately
controlled by regulation of chlorobenzene (bp 131°C, tetrachloroethene (bp
121°C), and other regulated constituents with boiling points higher than 87°C.
p-Dichlorobenzene (bp 174°C) will be adequately controlled by regulation of
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (bp 178°C), hexachloroethane (bp 187°C), and other
regulated constituents with boiling points higher than 174°C. 1,1,2-Tri-
chloroethane (bp 113°C) and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (bp 147°C) will be
adequately controlled by regulation of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (bp 178°C), and
other regulated constituents with boiling points higher than 147°C. Fluorene
(bp 295°C), hexachlorobutadiene (bp 215°C), hexachlorobenzene (bp 324°C),
pentachlorobenzene (bp 276°C), and 1,2,4,5-trichlorobenzene (bp 246°C) will be
adequately controlled by regulation of phenanthrene (bp 340°C).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate were not
detected in untreated K019 but were detected in kiln ash residue from rotary
kiln incineration of K019 at plant A (sampled by EPA). These constituents
were considered for regulation but were not selected because they were found
at treatable concentrations in another waste (RCRA Blend) that was incinerated
with K019 during the sampling episode at plant A.
5-9
-------
K020
1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and tetrachloroe-
thene, were selected for regulation in K020 nonwastewater. 1,1,2-Trichloroe-
thane was considered for regulation, but was not selected because it was found
at a lower concentration in the untreated waste, and it is believed to be
adequately controlled by incineration of other constituents which have been
selected for regulation. This decision was based on a comparison of the
boiling points of those constituents considered for regulation. EPA believes
that 1,1,2-trichloroethane (bp 113°C) will be adequately controlled by regu-
lation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (bp 147°C) and tetrachloroethene (bp
K030
Tetrachloroethene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachloroethane, hexa-
chloropropene, pentachlorobenzene, pentachloroethane, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-
benzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were selected for regulation in K030
nonwastewater. o-Dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, and hexachlorocylo-
pentadiene were detected in untreated K030 and were considered for regulation
but were not selected because these constituents were found at lower concen-
trations in the untreated waste and they are believed to be adequately con-
trolled by incineration of other constituents which have been selected for
regulation. This decision was based on a comparison of the boiling points of
those constituents considered for regulation. EPA believes that o-dichloro-
5-10
-------
benzene (bp 181°) and p-dichlorobenzene (bp 174°C) will be adequately con-
trolled by regulation of hexachlorobutadiene (bp 215°C), hexachloroethane (bp
187°C), and other regulated constituents with boiling points higher than
181°C. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (bp 234°C) will be adequately controlled by
regulation of pentachlorobenzene (bp 276°C) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (bp
246°C).
5.3.2 Selection of Regulated Constituents in Wastewaters
(a) Method for Selection of Regulated Constituents used for Pro-
posal . The constituents proposed for regulation in wastewater were selected
by considering the concentrations of BOAT List constituents preset in the
untreated wastes K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. BOAT List constituents
detected in the untreated wastes are identified in Table 5-1. Waste
characterization data showing the concentrations of BDAT List constituents in
the wastes are presented in Section 2.0. In general, the constituents
selected for regulation were present at treatable concentrations in the
wastes. The constituents proposed for regulation are presented in Table 5-3
by waste code.
(b) Alternative Method for Selection of Regulated Constituents to
be Considered for the Final Rule. This section presents regulated constitu-
ents for wastewater forms of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 which were
selected based on the method proposed for nonwastewaters. This selection
method and the resulting list of constituents selected for regulation in
wastewaters will be considered for the final rule.
5-11
-------
Regulated organic constituents in wastewater were selected from the
BDAT List organic constituents detected in the untreated wastes that showed
treatment using rotary kiln incineration.
As explained in Section 1.0, not all of the constituents considered
for regulation (Table 5-2) will be regulated by the Agency to reduce the
analytical cost burdens on the treater and to facilitate implementation of the
compliance and enforcement program. Table 5-4 presents the constituents
selected for regulation after consideration of: (1) constituent concentration
in the untreated waste; (2) whether the constituents are adequately controlled
by the regulation of another constituent; and (3) the relative difficulty
associated with achieving effective treatment of the constituent by BDAT.
The Agency's determination of adequate control for organic constitu-
ents is based on an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents that
would affect performance of incineration relative to the scrubber water
residual, specifically, the estimated bond dissociation energies for the
constituents. In general, a constituent is believed to be controlled by
regulation of another constituent that has a higher bond dissociation energy.
Estimated bond dissociation energies for all BDAT list constituents considered
for regulation are tabulated in Appendix E.
The constituents selected for regulation and the constituents con-
trolled by regulating other constituents are discussed below by waste code.
5-12
-------
K016
All constituents considered for regulation in K016 wastewater were
selected for regulation. The constituents selected for regulation are tetra-
chloroethene, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorocyclopenta-
diene, and hexachloroethane.
K018
Chloroethane, chloromethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, and penta-
chloroethane were selected for regulation in K018 wastewater. Hexachloro-
ethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane were considered for regulation but were not
selected because these constituents were found in lower concentrations in the
untreated waste, and they are believed to be adequately controlled by incin-
eration of other constituents which have been selected for regulation. This
decision was based on a comparison of bond dissociation energies (BDE) of
those constituents considered for regulation. EPA believes that hexachloro-
ethane (BDE 565 kcal/mole) will be adequately controlled by regulation of
pentachloroethane (BDE 585 kcal/mole), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (BDE 625
kcal/mole), and other regulated constituents with bond dissociation energies
greater than 565 kcal/mole. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mole), will
be adequately controlled by regulation of 1,1-dichloroethane (BDE 645
kcal/mole), 1,2-dichloroethane (BDE 645 kcal/mole), and other regulated
constituents with bond dissociation energies higher than 625 kcal/mole.
5-13
-------
K019
Chlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethene,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, p-dichlorobenzene, fluorene,
hexachloroethane, naphthalene, phenanthrene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were selected for regulation in K019 wastewater.
Carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, trichloroethene, hexachloro-
butadiene, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene were considered for
regulation but were not selected because these constituents were found in
lower concentrations in the untreated waste, and they are believed to be
adequately controlled by incineration of other constituents which have been
selected for regulation. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
were considered for regulation but were not selected for regulation because
these constituents are believed to be adequately controlled by incineration of
other constituents which have been selected for regulation. This decision was
based on a comparison of bond dissociation energies (BDE) of those constitu-
ents considered for regulation. EPA believes that carbon tetrachloride (BDE
312 kcal/mole), 1,1-dichloroethane (BDE 645 kcal/mole), trichloroethene (BDE
481 kcal/mole), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mole), and 1,1,2,2-tetra-
chloroethane (BDE 605 kcal/mole) will be adequately controlled by regulation
of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (BDE 1290 kcal/mole), chlorobenzene (BDE 1320
kcal/mole), and other regulated constituents with bond dissociation energies
greater than 625 kcal/mole. Hexachlorobutadiene (BDE 853 kcal/mole), hexa-
chlorobenzene (BDE 1310 kcal/mole), and pentachlorobenzene (BDE 1310
kcal/mole) will be adequately controlled by regulation of chlorobenzene (BDE
5-14
-------
1320 keal/mole), p-dichlorobenzene (BDE 1325 kcal/mole), and other regulated
constituents with bond dissociation energies greater than 1310 kcal/mole.
Dichlorodifluoromethane, toluene, and di-n-butyl phthalate were not
detected in untreated K019 waste but were detected in the scrubber water
residual from rotary kiln incineration of K019 at plant A (sampled by EPA).
These constituents were considered but not selected for regulation in K019
wastewater. Toluene and di-n-butyl phthalate were not selected for regulation
because they were present at treatable concentrations in other wastes that
were incinerated with K019 during the sampling episode at plant A. Dichloro-
difluoromethane may have been formed in the kiln or afterburner at plant A
since it was not detected in any of the wastes incinerated at plant A during
the sampling episode. This constituent is not believed to have formed as a
result of incineration of K019, since there is neither fluoride nor a source
of fluorine in K019. Therefore, dichlorodifluoromethane was not selected for
regulation.
K020
1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and tetrachloroethene
were selected for regulation in K020 wastewater. 1,1,2-trichloroethane was
considered for regulation but was not selected for regulation because it was
found at a lower concentration in the untreated waste, and it was believed to
be adequately controlled by incineration of other regulated constituents which
have been selected for regulation. This decision was based on a comparison of
5-15
-------
bond dissociation energies (BDE) of those constituents considered for regula-
tion. EPA believes that 1,1,2-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mole) will be
adequately controlled by regulation of 1,2-dichloroethane (BDE 645 kcal/mole),
K030
Tetrachloroethene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, hexachloro-
butadiene, hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene,
and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were selected for regulation in K030 wastewater.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, hexachloropropene, and pentachlorobenzene were
considered for regulation but were not selected for regulation because these
constituents were found at lower concentration in the untreated waste, and
they are believed to be adequately controlled by incineration of other con-
stituents which have been selected for regulation. This decision was based on
a comparison of bond dissociation energies (BDE) of those constituents con-
sidered for regulation. EPA believes that hexachlorocyclopentadiene (BDE 1020
kcal/mole), hexachloropropene (BDE 710 kcal/mole), and pentachlorobenzene (BDE
1310 kcal/mole) will be adequately controlled by regulation of o-dichloro-
benzene (BDE 1325 kcal/mole), p-dichlorobenzene (BDE 1325 kcal/mole), 1,2,4,5-
tetrachlorobenzene (BDE 1320 kcal/mole), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (BDE 1320
kcal/mole).
5-16
-------
Table 5-1
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
Volatiles K016 K018 K019 KQ20 K030
222.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
223.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
224.
A
D
NA
NA*
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1 ,3-butadiene
Chlorodibromome thane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
trans- 1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroe thane
1 , 1-Dichloroethylene
trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
trans- 1 ,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
1 ,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
- Constituent was analyzed but a
not obtained due to analytical
- Constituent was detected in the
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA*
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
D
ND
ND
D
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
D
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA*
detection limit
NA*
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA*
D
A
D
ND
ND
ND
A
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND**
D
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
A
NA*
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
ND
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA*
or analytical result
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA*
was
problems.
untreated waste.
- Believed that untreated waste was not analyzed
- Untreated waste was not analyzed for
not on the BDAT List at the time of
ND
ND**
- Constituent was not detected in
- Constituent was not detected in
the treated waste.
the
the
for this
constituent
.
this constituent because it was
analysis.
untreated
untreated
waste.
waste but
was detected
in
5-17
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
K016 K018 K019 K020 K03Q
Volatiles (Cont.)
225.
226.
30.
227.
31.
214.
32.
33.
228.
34.
229.
35.
37.
38.
230.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
231.
50.
215.
216.
217.
A
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane
1,1, 1-Trichloroe thane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichloromonofluoromethane
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-
trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
1 ,2-Xylene
1,3-Xylene
1,4-Xylene
- Constituent was analyzed but
NA*
ND
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
ND
NA*
NA
ND
ND
D
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA*
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
ND
NA*
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
D
D
ND
NA
ND
NA*
ND
ND
ND
ND
a detection limit
NA*
NA*
ND
NA*
ND
NA*
ND
ND
NA*
ND
NA*
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
ND
D
D
ND**
ND
D
D
D
ND
ND
NA*
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
ND
NA*
NA
ND
D
D
ND
NA
ND
D
ND
NA
ND
NA*
ND
ND
ND
ND
or analytical
NA*
ND
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA*
NA
NA
ND
NA*
NA
ND
ND
D
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA*
ND
ND
ND
ND
result was
not obtained due to analytical problems.
D
NA
NA*
ND
ND*»
- Constituent was detected in
the untreated waste.
- Believed that untreated waste was not analyzed
- Untreated waste was not analyzed for
not on the BOAT List at the
- Constituent was not detected
- Constituent was not detected
the treated waste.
time of
in the
in the
for this
constituent.
this constituent because
analysis.
untreated
untreated
waste.
waste but
it was
was detected in
5-18
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
K016 K018 K019 K020 K030
Semivolatiles
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
218.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzenethiol
Deleted
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo ( b ) f luoranthene
Benzo ( ghi ) pery lene
Benzo ( k ) f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Bis ( 2-chloroethoxy ) ethane
Bis( 2-chloroethyl ) ether
B is ( 2-chloroisopropy 1 ) ether
Bis ( 2-ethylhexyl )phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-sec-Butyl-4 , 6-dinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
para-Cresol
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
A
ND
ND
ND
A
ND
NA*
A
ND
A
ND
ND
A
ND
D
ND
ND**
ND
ND
A
ND
A
ND
ND
ND
A
A
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
A - Constituent was analyzed but a detection limit or analytical result was
not obtained due to analytical problems.
D - Constituent was detected in the untreated waste.
NA - Believed that untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent.
NA* - Untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent because it was
not on the BOAT List at the time of analysis.
ND - Constituent was not detected in the untreated waste.
ND** - Constituent was not detected in the untreated waste but was detected in
the treated waste.
5-19
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
K016 K018 K019 K020 K030
Semivolatiles (Cont.)
232.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
219.
107.
108.
109.
110.
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz ( a , h ) anthracene
Dibenzo ( a , e ) py rene
Dibenzo(a, i)pyrene
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
3,3' -Dichlorobenzidine
2 , 4-Dichlorophenol
2 , 6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3' -Dimethoxybenzidine
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
3,3' -Dimethylbenzidine
2 , 4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dinitrobenzene
4 , 6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2 , 4-Dinitrophenol
2 , 4-Dinitrotoluene
2 , 6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Diphenylamine/
Diphenylnitrosamine
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexachlorobenzene
NA*
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA
D
NA*
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA
D
NA*
ND
A
A
ND
ND
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
A
ND
ND
ND**
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA*
ND
ND
D
D
NA*
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
MA*
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA*
NA
NA
NA
ND
D
D
NA
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA*
NA
NA
NA
ND
A - Constituent was analyzed but a detection limit or analytical result was
not obtained due to analytical problems.
D - Constituent was detected in the untreated waste.
NA - Believed that untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent.
NA* - Untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent because it was
not on the BDAT List at the time of analysis.
ND - Constituent was not detected in the untreated waste.
ND** - Constituent was not detected in the untreated waste but was detected in
the treated waste.
5-20
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
K016 K018 K019 K020 K030
Semivolatiles (Cont.)
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
36.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Hexachloropropene
Indeno( 1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isosafrole
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylenebis
(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl methanesylfonate
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1 -Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
n-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Pentachlorobenzene
Penfcachloroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
D
D
D
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
D
ND
D
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
D
NA
ND
NA
D
ND
D
A
ND
ND
A
A
A
A
ND
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
A
ND
ND
ND
A
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
D
D
D
NA
D
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
D
D
NA
ND
NA
A - Constituent was analyzed but a detection limit or analytical result was
not obtained due to analytical problems.
D - Constituent was detected in the untreated waste.
NA - Believed that untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent.
NA* - Untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent because it was
not on the BOAT List at the time of analysis.
ND - Constituent was not detected in the untreated waste.
5-21
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
K016 K018 K019 K020 K030
Semivolatiles (Cont.)
141. Phenanthrene NA NA D NA NA
142. Phenol NA NA ND NA NA
143. 2-Picoline NA NA ND NA NA
144. Pronamide NA NA ND NA NA
145. Pyrene NA NA ND NA NA
146. Resorcinol NA NA A NA NA
147. Safrole NA NA A NA NA
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene ND ND D ND D
149. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol ND ND ND ND ND
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ND ND D ND D
151. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol ND ND ND ND ND
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol ND ND ND ND ND
153- Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) NA NA A NA NA
phosphate
Metals
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
D
D
D
D
D
D
ND
D
D
D
D
ND
D
ND
D
D
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A - Constituent was analyzed but a detection limit or analytical result was
not obtained due to analytical problems.
D - Constituent was detected in the untreated waste.
NA - Believed that untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent.
NA* - Untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent because it was
not on the BOAT List at the time of analysis.
ND - Constituent was not detected in the untreated waste.
5-22
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
K016 K018 K019 K020 K030
Inorganics
169. Cyanide NA NA ND NA NA
170. Fluoride NA NA ND NA NA
171. Sulfide NA NA D NA NA
Organochlorine Pesticides
172. Aldrin NA»* NA** NA** NA»* NA**
173. alpha-BHC NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
174. beta-BHC NA** NA** NA*» NA»* NA*»
175. delta-BHC NA** NA»* NA*» NA** NA**
176. gamma-BHC NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
177. Chlordane NA** NA*» NA** NA** NA**
178. ODD NA** NA»* NA*» NA** NA**
179. DDE NA** NA** NA*» NA** NA»»
180. DDT NA** NA»* NA*» NA** NA»*
181. Dieldrin NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
182. Endosulfan I NA** NA»* NA»* NA** NA**
183. Endosulfan II NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
184. Endrin NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
185. Endrin aldehyde NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
186. Heptachlor NA»* NA** NA** NA** NA**
187. Heptachlor epoxide NA** NA** NA»* NA»* NA**
188. Isodrin NA** NA** NA** NA** NA*»
190. Methoxychlor NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
191. Toxaphene NA** NA** NA** NA** NA»*
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides
192. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic NA»* NA»* NA** NA** NA**
acid
193.
194.
Silvex
2,4,5-T
NA**
NA**
NA»*
NA**
NA»*
NA**
NA**
NA**
NA**
NA**
A - Constituent was analyzed but a detection limit or analytical result was
not obtained due to analytical problems.
D - Constituent was detected in the untreated waste.
NA - Believed that untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent.
NA* - Untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent because it was
not on the BOAT List at the time of analysis.
NA** - Untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent due to extreme
unlikelihood that it is present in the untreated waste.
ND - Constituent was not detected in the untreated waste.
5-23
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS DETECTED IN K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
K016 K018 K019 K020 K030
Organophosphorus Insecticides
195. Disulfoton NA** NA** NA*» NA** NA**
196. Famphur NA*» NA»* NA** NA»* NA»*
197. Methyl parathion NA** NA** NA»* NA»* NA**
198. Parathion NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
199. Phorate NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
PCBs
200. Aroclor 1016 NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
201. Aroclor 1221 NA»* NA** NA** NA** NA»*
202. Aroclor 1232 NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
203. Aroclor 1242 NA»* NA*» NA»* NA*» NA**
204. Aroclor 1248 NA»* NA** NA** NA** NA**
205. Aroclor 1254 NA»* NA** NA*» NA** NA**
206. Aroclor 1260 NA** NA»* NA** NA** NA»*
Dioxins and Furans
207. Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins NA*» NA** NA** NA** NA**
208. Hexachlorodibenzofuran NA*» NA** NA** NA** NA**
209. Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
210. Pentachlorodibenzofuran NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
211. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
212. Tetrachlorodibenzofuran NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
213. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- NA** NA** NA** NA** NA**
p-dioxin
NA** - Untreated waste was not analyzed for this constituent due to extreme
unlikelihood that it is present in the untreated waste.
5-24
-------
Table 5-2
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION*
NONWASTEWATERS
KOI 6
42. Tetrachloroethene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopent-
adiene
113. Hexachloroethane
K01B
12. Chloroethane
15. Chloromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
45. 1,1, 1-TMchloro-
ethane
46. 1 , 1 ,2-TMchl oroethane
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
KOI 9
7. Carbon tetrach1oride
9. Chiorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1 , 1 , 2,2-Tetrachloroe-
thane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloro-
thane
46. 1,1,2-Trich1oroe-
thane
47. Trichloroethene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)-
ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexach1orobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
150. 1,2.4-Tr1chloroben-
zene
K020
23. 1 , 2-Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroe-
thane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1 ,1,2-Trichloro-
ethane
K030
42. Tetrachloroethene
87. o-Dich!orobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocycl opent-
adi ene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
137. Pentachloroethane
148. 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroben-
zene
*A11 constituents on this list were detected in the K016, K018, K019, K020, or K030 wastes and were either selected for regulation
(as shown in Table 5-3) or are believed to be controlled by regulation of another constituent.
-------
Table 5-2 (Continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION*
WASTEWATERS (Selection Method Considered for the Final Rule)
KOI 6
42. Tetrachloroethene
110. Hexach1orobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopent-
adiene
113. Hexachloroethane
KOI 8
12. Chloroethane
15. Ch1oromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
45. 1,1, 1-Trichloro-
ethane
46. 1 , 1 , 2-Trichloroethane
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
I
ro
K019
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
21. Dichlorodif1uoro-
methane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41 . 1,1 ,2,2-Tetra-
ch1oroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloro-
ethane
46. 1,1 ,2-Trichloro-
ethane
47. Trichloroethene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl )-
ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1 ,2 ,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroben-
zene
K020
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1 , 1,2,2-Tetrachloro-
ethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1,1 ,2-TMchloro-
ethane
KQ30
42. Tetrachloroethene
87. o-Dich1orobenzene
88. p-Dich1orobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyc1opent-
adi ene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
137. Pentachloroethane
148. 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroben-
zene
*A11 constituents on this list were detected in the K016, K018, K019, K020, or K030 wastes and were either selected for regulation
under the selection method considered for the final rule (as shown in Table 5-4) or are believed to be controlled by regulation of
another constituent.
-------
Table 5-3
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
NONWASTEWATERS
Ln
l-o
KOI 6
42. Tet rach 1 oroethene
110. Hexachl orobenzene
111. Hexachl orobutadiene
112. Hexachl orocycl opent-
adi ene
113. Hexachl oroethane
12.
22.
23.
45.
1 10.
111.
1 13.
137.
K01B
Chl oroethane
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
1 , 2-Di chl oroethane
1,1, 1-TMchloro-
ethane
Hexachl orobenzene
Hexachl orobutadiene
Hexachl oroethane
Pentachloroethane
9.
14.
23.
42.
45.
68.
113.
121 .
141 .
150.
K019
Chl orobenzene
Chl orof orm
1 , 2-Dichl oroethane
Tetrachl oroethene
1,1, 1-Trichloro-
ethane
Bis(2-chloroethyl )-
ether
Hexachl oroethane
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
1 ,2 ,4-Tri chl oroben-
zene
K020
23. 1 , 2-Dichl oroethane 42.
41. 1 , 1 , 2, 2-Tetrachl oro- 111.
ethane 113.
42. Tet rachl oroethene 115.
136.
137.
148.
150.
K030
Tet rachl oroethene
Hexach 1 orobutadi ene
Hexachl oroethane
Hexach loropropene
Pentachl oro benzene
Pentachl oroethane
1 , 2,4 ,5-Tetrachl oro
benzene
1 , 2 ,4-Trichl oroben-
zene
-------
Table 5-3 (Continued)
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
WASTEWATERS (Method used in Proposed Rule)
KOI 6
42. Tetrachloroethene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexach1orobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadi ene
113. Hexachloroethane
K018
12. Chloroethane
15. Ch1oromethane
22. 1 , 1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
45. 1,1,1-Trichloro-
ethane
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobuta-
diene
137. Pentachloroethane
Ln
I
ho
oo
KOI 9
7. Carbon Tetrach1oride 23.
14. Chioroform 41.
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 42.
42. Tetrachloroethene 113.
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 137.
68. Bis(2-chloroethy1)
ether
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
148. 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
150. 1,2,4-Trich1orobenzene
K020
1,2-Dichloroethane 42.
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 111.
Tetrachloroethene 113.
Hexach1oroethane 115.
Pentachloroethane
137.
148.
150.
K030
Tet rachloroethene
Hexach1orobutadi ene
Hexach1oroethane
Hexachloropropane
Pentach1oroethane
1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
1,2,4-Trichloro-
benzene
-------
Table 5-4
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION*
WASTEWATERS (Method to be Considered for the Final Rule)
KOI 6
42. Tetrachloroethene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyc1opent-
adiene
113. Hexachloroethane
K018
12. Chloroethane
15. Chioromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
45. 1,1,1-Trichloro-
ethane
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
137. Pentachloroethane
K019
9. Chiorobenzene
14. Chioroform
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1, 1-Trichloro-
ethane
68. Bis(2-chloroethy1)-
ether
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
109. Fluorene
113. Hexach1oroethane
121. Naphthalene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1 , 2 ,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
150. 1 , 2, 4-TMchl oroben-
zene
K020
23. 1 ,2-Dich)oroethane
41. 1 ,1,2,2-Tetracnloro-
ethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
K030
42. Tetrachloroethene
87. o-Dich1orobenzene
88. p-Dich1orobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
148. 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroben-
zene
"This table presents the constituents selected for regulation in KO16, K018, K019, K020, and K030 wastewaters according to the
selection method to be considered for the final rule. The constituents proposed for regulation are presented in Table 5-3.
-------
6.0 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS
In Section 4.0 of this document, the best demonstrated and available
technology for treatment of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 was chosen based
on available performance data. In Section 5.0, the regulated constituents
were selected in order to ensure effective treatment of the wastes. The
purpose of Section 6.0 is to calculate treatment standards for each of the
regulated constituents using the available treatment data from the BDAT treat-
ment technology. Included in this section is a step-by-step discussion of the
calculation of treatment standards for the nonwastewater and wastewater forms
of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030.
Rotary kiln incineration was determined to be BDAT (see Section 4.0)
for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. Rotary kiln incineration generally
results in the generation of two treatment residuals: ash (a nonwastewater
form of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030) and combustion gas scrubber water (a
wastewater form of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030). The best measure of
performance for a destruction technology, such as rotary kiln incineration, is
the total amount of constituent remaining after treatment. Therefore, pro-
posed BDAT treatment standards for organic constituents were calculated based
on total constituent concentration data.
6-1
-------
6.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of K016,
K018. K019. K020. and K030
K019
Six data sets for rotary kiln incineration were used to calculate
the nonwastewater treatment standards for K019. Table 6-1 presents the
concentration values for organic constituents in the treatment residual (ash)
resulting from rotary kiln incineration of K019 at plant A. Values are
presented for constituents (detected in the untreated K019) that are being
proposed for regulation in K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. The
concentration data presented in Table 6-1 have been corrected to account for
analytical recovery as described in Section 4.0.
Nonwastewater treatment standards were calculated for each regulated
constituent for K019 as shown in Table 6-4. The following three steps were
used to calculate the treatment standards: (1) The arithmetic average of the
corrected treatment values for each regulated constituent was calculated using
the six data points presented in Table 6-1. (2) Using these same data, a
variability factor was calculated that represents the variability inherent in
the performance of the treatment system, collection of treated samples, and
analysis of samples. Where concentrations in the treated waste were reported
as less than or equal to the detection limit for all the data points in the
data set, variability is still expected since the actual concentrations could
range from 0 to the detection limit. In these cases, the Agency assumed a
6-2
-------
lognormal distribution of data points between the detection limit and a value
1/10 of the detection limit and calculated a variability factor of 2.8.
(3) The treatment standard for each regulated constituent was calculated by
multiplying the arithmetic average of the corrected treatment values by the
variability factor. The analytical methods for analysis of each regulated
constituent in K019 are included in Table 6-4. A detailed discussion of these
analytical methods is presented in Appendix D (Analytical QA/QC).
K016. K018. K020. and K030
Treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of K016,
K018, K020, and K030 are not available. Therefore, the Agency is transferring
performance data from the treatment of K019 at plant A to K016, K018, K020,
and K030. The calculations of treatment standards for K016, K018, K020, and
K030 are presented in Tables 6-2, 6-3, 6-5, and 6-6, respectively. The
transfer of treatment data is supported by the determination that K016, K018,
K019, K020, and K030 represent a single waste treatability group, as discussed
in Section 2.0. The determination of the waste treatability group is based on
the similarity in composition of the untreated wastes, the fact that all of
these wastes are generated by the organic chemicals industry, and the Agency's
belief that constituents present in these wastes can be treated to similar
concentrations using the same technology.
Where treatment data are available from treatment of K019 for a
proposed regulated constituent in K016, K018, K020, and K030, the data were
6-3
-------
transferred to that constituent to calculate the treatment standard for each
waste code. For example, 1,1-dichloroethane was selected for regulation in
K018. 1,1-Dichloroethane was detected in the untreated K019 at a concentra-
tion of 2,200 ppm and was treated to not detect values in the treatment
residual (kiln ash residue) from treatment of K019 at plant A. Treatment data
(in this case: not detect values) for 1,1-dichloroethane from K019 were
transferred to 1,1-dichloroethane in K018 to calculate the treatment standard.
1,1-Dichloroethane was not selected for regulation in K019, however, because
it was found in lower concentrations in the untreated K019 waste compared with
concentrations of other constituents that were selected for regulation and
because it is believed to be adequately controlled by incineration of other
consituents that were selected for regulation. Treatment performance data
were transferred in this way for most organic constituents in K016, K018,
K020, and K030 that are being proposed for regulation.
Treatment performance data were not available from treatment of K019
at plant A for some organic constituents proposed for regulation in K016,
K018, K020, and K030. This is because the constituents proposed for regula-
tion for each waste code are based on available waste characterization data
from a variety of sources. Not all constituents proposed for regulation in
K016, K018, K020, and K030 were detected in the K019 treated at plant A. The
Agency believes that it would be inappropriate to base treatment standards on
not detect values in the treatment residual of K019 if the constituent was
not detected in the untreated K019. In such cases, data were transferred to
that organic constituent from another organic constituent detected in the
untreated K019 based on the boiling points of the constituents. (Boiling
-------
point is a waste characteristic that affects the performance of rotary kiln
incineration as discussed in Section 3.4. Appendix E presents information on
waste characteristics that affect performance.) The constituent with the same
or the closest higher boiling point for which the Agency had treatment
performance data from K019 at plant A was selected for transfer of data.
Cases where such a transfer of data occurred are summarized below and are
noted on Tables 6-2, 6-3, 6-5, and 6-6, which show the calculations of the
treatment standards for K016, K018, K020, and K030, respectively.
12. Chloroethane (K018). The treatment standard proposed for
regulation of chloroethane (bp 12°C) in K018 is based on data transferred from
treatment of chloroform (bp 61°C) in K019. Based on the discussion of waste
characteristics affecting treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration in
Section 3.4, the Agency expects that chloroethane can be treated to concentra-
tion levels as low or lower than chloroform.
41. 1,1,2.2-Tetrachloroethane (K020). The treatment standard
proposed for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (bp 147°C) in K020 is based on data
transferred from treatment of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (bp 178°C) in K019.
Based on the discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment perfor-
mance of rotary kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane can be treated to concentration levels as low or
lower than bis(2-chloroethyl)ether.
6-5
-------
111. Hexachlorobutadiene (K016, K018. K030). The treatment stan-
dard proposed for hexachlorobutadiene (bp 215°C) in K016, K018, and K030 is
based on data transferred from treatment of naphthalene (bp 218°C) in K019.
Based on the discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment perfor-
mance of rotary kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that
hexachlorobutadiene can be treated to concentration levels as low or lower
than naphthalene.
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (K016). The treatment standard
proposed for hexachlorocylopentadiene (bp 234°C) in K016 is based on data
transferred from treatment of phenanthrene (bp 340°C) in K019. Based on the
discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment performance of rotary
kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that hexachlorocylopenta-
diene can be treated to concentration levels as low or lower than phenan-
threne .
115. Hexachloropropene (K030). The treatment standard proposed for
hexachloropropene (bp 209°C) in K030 is based on data transferred from treat-
ment of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (bp 213°C) in K019. Based on the discussion of
waste characteristics affecting treatment performance of rotary kiln incinera-
tion in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that hexachloropropene can be treated
to concentration levels as low or lower than 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
137. Pentachloroethane (K018, K030). The treatment standard
proposed for pentachloroethane (bp 161°C) in K018 and K030 is based on data
6-6
-------
transferred from treatment of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (bp 178°C) in K019.
Based on the discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment perfor-
mance of rotary kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that
pentachloroethane can be treated to concentration levels as low or lower than
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether.
6.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Wastewater Forms of K016,
K018, K019. K020, and K030
Two methods for calculation of wastewater treatment standards are
presented here: the method used in the proposed rule, and an alternative
method to be considered for the final rule. The calculation of treatment
standards for the proposed rule is presented in Section 6.2.1. The
calculation of treatment standards by an alternative method to be considered
for the final rule, is presented in Section 6.2.2.
6.2.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards in Proposed Rule
K019
Six data sets for rotary kiln incineration were used to calculate
the wastewater treatment standards for K019. Table 6-7 presents the concen-
tration values for organic constituents in the treatment residual (scrubber
water) resulting from rotary kiln incineration of K019 at plant A. The
6-7
-------
concentration data presented in Table 6-7 have been corrected to account for
analytical recovery as described in Section 4.0.
Wastewater treatment standards were calculated for each regulated
constituent for K019 as shown in Table 6-10. The following three steps were
used to calculate the treatment standards: (1) The arithmetic average of the
corrected treatment values for each regulated constituent was calculated using
the six data points presented in Table 6-7. (2) Using these same data, a
variability factor was calculated that represents the variability inherent in
the performance of treatment systems, collection of treated samples, and
analysis of samples. Where concentrations in the treated waste were reported
as less than or equal to the detection limit for all the data points in the
data set, variability is still expected since the actual concentrations could
range from 0 to the detection limit. In these cases, the Agency used the
average variability factor of 3.01 from (dichlorodifluoromethane, toluene, and
di-n-butyl phthalate) calculated for detected organic constituents in the
scrubber water. (3) The treatment standard for each regulated constituent was
calculated by multiplying the arithmetic average of the corrected treatment
values by the variability factor. The analytical methods upon which the
treatment standards for K019 are based are included in Table 6-10. A detailed
discussion of these analytical methods is presented in Appendix D (Analytical
QA/QC).
6-8
-------
K016, K018. K020. and K030
Treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of K016,
K018, K020, and K030 are not available. Therefore, the Agency is transferring
treatment performance data from the treatment of K019 at plant A to K016,
K018, K020, and K030. The calculation of treatment standards for K016, K018,
K020, and K030 are presented in Tables 6-8, 6-9, 6-11, and 6-12, respectively.
The transfer of treatment performance data is supported by the determination
that K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 represent a single waste treatability
group, as discussed in Section 2.0. The determination of the waste
treatability group is based on the similarity in composition of the untreated
wastes, the fact that all of these wastes are generated by the organic
chemicals industry, and the Agency's belief that constituents present in these
wastes can be treated to similar concentrations using the same technologies.
Treatment performance data were not available from treatment of K019
at plant A for some organic constituents proposed for regulation in K016,
K018, K020, and K030. This is because the constituents proposed for regula-
tion for each waste code are based on available waste characterization data
from a variety of sources. Not all constituents proposed for regulation in
K016, K018, K020, and K030 were detected in the K019 treated at plant A. The
Agency believes that it would be inappropriate to base treatment standards on
not detect values in the treatment residual of K019 if the constituent was
also not detected in the untreated K019. In such cases, data were transferred
to that organic constituent from another organic constituent detected in the
6-9
-------
untreated K019 based on the boiling point of the constituents. The constitu-
ent with the same or the closest higher boiling point for which the Agency had
treatment data from K019 at plant A was selected for transfer of data. Cases
where treatment performance data were transferred are summarized below and are
noted on Tables 6-8, 6-9, 6-11, and 6-12.
12. Chloroethane (K018). The treatment standard proposed for
chloroethane (bp 12.3°C) in K018 is based on data transferred from treatment
of chloroform (bp 62°C) in K019.
15. Chloromethane (K018). The treatment standard proposed for
chloromethane (bp 12.3°C) in K018 is based on data transferred from treatment
of chloroform (bp 62°C) in K019.
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane (K018). The treatment standard proposed for
1,1-dichloroethane (bp 57.3°C) in K018 is based on data transferred from
treatment of chloroform (bp 62°C) in K019.
41. 1,1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane (K020). The treatment standard
proposed for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (bp 147°C) in K020 is based on data
transferred from treatment of p-dichlorobenzene bp 174°C) in K019.
45. 1,1.1-Trichloroethane (K018). The treatment standard proposed
for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (bp 74.1°C) in K018 is based on data transferred
from treatment of carbon tetrachloride (bp 77°C) in K019.
6-10
-------
111. Hexachlorobutadiene (K016. K018. K030). The treatment stan-
dard proposed for hexachlorobutadiene (bp 220°C) in K016, K018, and K030 is
based on data transferred from treatment of naphthalene (bp 218°C) in K019.
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (K016). The treatment standard
proposed for hexachlorocyclopentadiene (bp 234°C) in K016 is based on data
transferred from treatment of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (bp 246°C) in K019.
115. Hexachloropropene (K030). The treatment standard proposed for
hexachloropropene (bp 210°C) in K030 is based on data transferred from treat-
ment of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (bp 213°) in K019.
137. Pentachloroethane (K018, K030). The treatment standard
proposed for pentachloroethane (bp 162°C) in K018 and K030 is based on data
transferred from treatment of p-dichlorobenzene (bp 174°C) in K019.
6.2.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards by an Alternative Method to be
Considered for the final Rule
Six data sets for rotary kiln incineration were used to calculate
the wastewater treatment standards for K019. Table 6-13 presents the
concentration values for organic constituents in the treatment residual
6-11
-------
(scrubber water) resulting from rotary kiln incineration of K019 at plant A.
Values are presented for constituents (detected in the untreated K019) that
are being proposed for regulation of K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030. The
concentration data presented in Table 6-13 have been corrected to account for
analytical recovery as described in Section 4.0.
Wastewater treatment standards were calculated for each regulated
constituent for K019 as shown in Table 6-16. The following three steps were
used to calculate the treatment standards: (1) The arithmetic average of the
corrected treatment values for each regulated constituent was calculated using
the six data points presented in Table 6-13. (2) Using these same data, a
variability factor was calculated that represents the variability inherent in
the performance of the treatment system, collection of treated samples, and
analysis of samples. Where concentrations in the treated waste were reported
as less than or equal to the detection limit for all the data points in the
data set, variability is still expected since the actual concentrations could
range from 0 to the detection limit. In these cases, the Agency assumed a
lognormal distribution of data points between the detection limit and a value
1/10 of the detection limit and calculated a variability factor of 2.8.
(3) The treatment standard for each regulated constituent was calculated by
multiplying the arithmetic average of the corrected treatment values by the
variability factor. The analytical methods upon which the treatment standards
for K019 are based are included in Table 6-16. A detailed discussion of these
analytical methods is presented in Appendix D (Analytical QA/QC).
6-12
-------
K016. K018. K020. and K030
Treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of K016,
K018, K020, and K030 are not available. Therefore, the Agency is transferring
data from the treatment of K019 at plant A to K016, K018, K020, and K030. The
calculations of treatment standards for K016, K018, K020, and K030 are pre-
sented in Tables 6-14, 6-15, 6-17, and 6-18, respectively. The transfer of
treatment data is supported by the determination that K016, K018, K019, K020,
and K030 represent a single waste treatability group, as discussed in Section
2.0. The determination of the waste treatability group is based on the
similarity in composition of the untreated wastes, the fact that all of these
wastes are generated by the organic chemicals industry, and the Agency's
belief that constituents present in these wastes can be treated to similar
concentrations using the same technology.
Where treatment data are available from treatment of K019 for a
proposed regulated constituent in K016, K018, K020, and K030, the data were
transferred to that constituent to calculate the treatment standard for each
waste code. For example, 1,1-dichloroethane was selected for regulation in
K018. 1,1-Dichloroethane was detected in the untreated K019 at a concentra-
tion of 2,200 ppm and was treated to not detect values in the treatment
residual (combustion gas scrubber water) from treatment of K019 at plant A.
Treatment data (in this case: not detect values) for 1,1-dichloroethane from
K019 were transferred to 1,1-dichloroethane in K018 to calculate the treatment
6-13
-------
standard. 1,1-Dichloroethane was not selected for regulation in K019,
however, because it was found in lower concentrations in the untreated K019
waste compared with concentrations of other constituents that were selected
for regulation and because it is believed to be adequately controlled by
incineration of other constituents that were selected for regulation.
Treatment performance data were transferred in this way for most organic
constituents in K016, K018, K020, and K030 that are being proposed for
regulation.
Treatment performance data were not available from treatment of K019
at plant A for some organic constituents proposed for regulation in K016,
K018, K020, and K030. This is because the constituents proposed for regula-
tion for each waste code are based on available waste characterization data
from a variety of sources. Not all constituents proposed for regulation in
K016, K018, K020, and K030 were detected in the K019 treated at plant A. The
Agency believes that it would be inappropriate to base treatment standards on
not detect values in the treatment residual of K019 if the constituent was
not detected in the untreated K019. In such cases, data were transferred to
that organic constituent from another organic constituent detected in the
untreated K019 based on the bond dissociation energy of the constituents.
(Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is a waste characteristic that affects the
performance of rotary kiln incineration as discussed in Section 3.4.) The
constituent with the same or the closest higher bond dissociation energy for
which the Agency had treatment data from K019 at plant A was selected for
transfer of data. Cases where such a transfer of data occurred are summarized
6-14
-------
below and are noted on Tables 6-14, 6-15, 6-17, and 6-18, which show the
calculations of the treatment standards for K016, K018, K020, and K030,
respectively.
12. Chloroethane (K018). The treatment standard proposed for
chloroethane (BDE 665 kcal/mol) in K018 is based on data transferred from
treatment of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (BDE 1,290 kcal/mol) in K019. Based on
the discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment performance of
rotary kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that chloroethane
can be treated to concentration levels as low or lower than bis(2-chloro-
ethyl)ether.
15. Chloromethane (K018). The treatment standard proposed for
chloromethane (BDE 380 kcal/mol) in K018 is based on data transferred from
treatment of tetrachloroethene (BDE 461 kcal/mol) in K019. Based on the
discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment performance of rotary
kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that chloromethane can be
treated to concentration levels as low or lower than tetrachloroethene.
41. 1,1,2.2-Tetrachloroethane (K020). The treatment standard
proposed for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (BDE 605 kcal/mol) in K020 is based on
data transferred from treatment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mol) in
K019. Based on the discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment
performance of rotary kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects
that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane can be treated to concentration levels as low
or lower than 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
6-15
-------
87. o-Dichlorobenzene (K030). The treatment standard proposed for
o-dichlorobenzene (BDE 1,325 kcal/mol) in K030 is based on data transferred
from treatment of p-dichlorobenzene (BDE 1,325 kcal/mol) in K019. Based on
the discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment performance of
rotary kiln incineration in Section 3.4, the Agency expects that o-dichloro-
benzene can be treated to concentration levels as low or lower than p-dichlor-
obenzene.
111. Hexachlorobutadiene (K016, K018, K030). The treatment stan-
dard proposed for hexachlorobutadiene (BDE 853 kcal/mol) in K016, K018, and
K030 is based on data transferred from treatment of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
(BDE 1,290 kcal/mol) in K019. Based on the discussion of waste characteris-
tics affecting treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration in Section
3.4, the Agency expects that hexachlorobutadiene can be treated to concentra-
tion levels as low or lower than bis(2-chloroethyl)ether.
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (K016). The treatment standard
proposed for hexachlorocyclopentadiene (BDE 1,020 kcal/mol) in K016 is based
on data transferred from treatment of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (BDE 1,290
kcal/mol) in K019. Based on the discussion of waste characteristics affecting
treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration in Section 3-4, the Agency
expects that hexachlorocyclopentadiene can be treated to concentration levels
as low or lower than bis(2-chloroethyl)ether.
6-16
-------
137. Pentachloroethane (K018, K030). The treatment standard
proposed for pentachloroethane (BDE 585 kcal/mol) in K018 and K030 is based on
data transferred from treatment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mol) in
K019. Based on the discussion of waste characteristics affecting treatment
performance of rotary kiln incineration in Section 3.^, the Agency expects
that pentachloroethane can be treated to concentration levels as low or lower
than 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
6-17
-------
Table 6-1
CORRECTED TOTAL CONCENTRATION DATA
FOR ORGANICS IN ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR ASH FROM TREATMENT OF K019
Constituent*
Volatiles
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Corrected Concentrations
in the Treated Waste, ppm
1
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
2
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
3
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
4
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
5
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
6
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.94
9.71
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
^Constituents proposed for regulation and present in untreated K019.
6-18
-------
Table 6-2
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K016
ON
I
K019 Constituent
From Which Treatment
Data Were Transferred
Tetrachloroethene
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
42. Tetrachloroethene
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
110. Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene Naphthalene
112. Hexachlorocyclopenta- Phenanthrene
diene
113. Hexachloroethane Hexachloroethane
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
6.00-78,000
60-87
314-470
11-21
85-120
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
2.13
9.71
1.94
1.94
9.71
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average x VF)
(ppm)
5.96
27.2
5.44
5.44
27.2
For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-3
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K018
Arithmetic
Average of
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
12. Chloroethane
22. 1, 1-Dichloroethane
f 23. 1, 2-Dichloroethane
o 45. 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
K019 Constituent
From Which Treatment
Data Were Transferred
Chloroform
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
1 , 2-Dichloroethane
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Hexachlorobenzene
Naphthalene
Hexachloroethane
Bis( 2-chloroethyl) ether
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
4,600-6,000
<2, 000-2, 200
87,000-122,000
2,200-3,210
60-87
314-470
85-120
280-340
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
9.71
1.94
9.71
1.94
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average x VF)
(ppm)
5.96
5.96
5.96
5.96
27.2
5.44
27.2
5.44
For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-4
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K019
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (82*10)
(Total Concentration)
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
141. Phenanthrene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Untreated
K019
at Plant A*
(ppm)
<2000-3000
4600-6000
87000-122000
6000-78000
2200-3210
280-340
85-120
314-470
11-21
65-100
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
2.02
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
1.94
9.71
1.94
1.94
6.67
Treatment
Variability Standard**
Factor (Average x VF)
(VF) (ppm)
2.8
2.8
.8
.8
2.
2.
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
,66
,96
,96
,96
5.96
5.44
27.2
,44
,44
18.7
Concentration values for the untreated waste have not been corrected for recovery.
For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-5
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K020
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachlo-
roethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
K019 Constituent
From Which Treatment
Data Were Transferred
1,2-Dichloroethane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)-
ether
Tetrachloroethene
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
87,000-122,000
280-340
6,000-78,000
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
2.00
1.94
2.13
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average x VF)
(ppm)
5.96
5.44
5.96
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
No semivolatile organics are being proposed for regulation for this waste code.
For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
* This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-6
CALCULATION OF NONWASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K030
OS
u>
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
42. Tetrachloroethene
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
137. Pentachlorbethane
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlo-
robenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloro-
benzene
K019 Constituent
From Which Treatment
Data Were Transferred
Tetrachloroethene
Naphthalene
Hexachloroethane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene
1,2,4-Tr ichlorobenzene
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
6,000-78,000
314-470
85-120
65-100
51-65
280-340
62-86
65-100
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
2.13
1.94
9.71
6.67
9.71
1.94
4.85
6.67
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average x VF)
(ppm)
5.96
5
27
18
27
,44
,2
.7
,2
5.44
13.6
18.7
1
For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
* This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-7
CORRECTED TOTAL CONCENTRATION DATA FOR ORGANICS
IN ROTARY KILN SCRUBBER WATER FROM TREATMENT OF K019
Corrected Concentration in
the Treated Waste, ppm
Constituent*
Volatiles
7. Carbon tetrachloride
14. Chloroform
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.008
2
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.008
3
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.008
4
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.008
5
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.008
6
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.008
•Constituents proposed for regulation and present in untreated K019.
6-24
-------
Table 6-8
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K016
i
N3
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
Tetrachloroethene
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
42. Tetrachloroethene
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
110. Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene Naphthalene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane Hexachloroethane
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
6,000-78,000
60-87
314-470
62-86
85-120
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
0.005
0.017
0.003
0.008
0.017
Variability
Factor
(VF)
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
Treatment
Standard**
( Average
x VFXppm)
0.014
0.050
0.010
0.025
0.050
1 For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-9
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K018
i
IS3
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
12. Chloroethane
15. Chloromethane
22. 1,1-DiChloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
137. Pentachloroethane
1
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
Chloroform
Chloroform
Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroethane
Carbon tetrachloride
Hexachlorobenzene
Naphthalene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
4,600-6,000
4,600-6,000
4,600-6,000
87,000-122,000
3,500-4,100
60-87
314-470
74-90
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.017
0.003
0.003
Variability
Factor
(VF)
01
01
01
01
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
Treatment
Standard**
(Average
x VF)(ppm)
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.050
0.010
0.009
1For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been roundedd to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-10
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K019
i
to
-j
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
7. Carbon tetrachloride
14. Chloroform
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
110. Hexachlorobehzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Untreated K019
at Plant A* (ppm)
3,500-4,100
4,600-6,000
87,000-122,000
6,000-78,000
33,000-81,000
280-340
74-90
60-87
85-120
314-470
51-65
62-86
65-100
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.008
Variability
Factor
(VF)
3,
3,
3
3.
01
01
01
01
3.01
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
3.01
Treatment
Standard**
(Average
x VF)(ppm)
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.010
0.009
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.050
0.025
0.025
1 For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
Concentration values for the untreated waste have not been corrected for recovery.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
00
Table 6-11
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K020
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentrations)
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
Variability
Factor
(VF)
Treatment
Standard**
( Average
x VF)(ppm)
1,2-Dichloroethane
p-Dichlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethene
Hexachloroethane
p-Dichlorobenzene
87,000-122,000
74-90
6,000-78,000
85-120
74-90
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.017
0.003
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
0.014
0.009
0.014
0.050
0.090
No semivolatile organics were proposed for regulation for this waste code.
1For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-12
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K030
l-o
VO
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration
42. Tetrachloroethene
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
137. Pentachloroethane
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
Tetrachloroethene
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
6,000-78,000
Naphthalene 314-470
Hexachloroethane 85-120
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 65-100
p-Dichlorobenzene 74-90
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 62-86
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 65-100
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
0.003
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
0.003
0.017
0.008
0.003
0.008
0.008
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
Treatment
Standard**
(Average
x VF)(ppm)
0.007
0.010
0.050
0.025
0.009
0.025
0.025
1For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-13
CORRECTED TOTAL COMPOSITION DATA FOR ORGANICS
IN ROTARY KILN SCRUBBER WATER FROM TREATMENT OF K019
Constituent*
Volatiles
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Corrected Concentration in
the Treated Waste, ppm
1
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.008
2
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.008
3
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.008
4
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.008
5
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.008
6
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.008
•Constituents proposed for regulation and present in untreated K019.
6-30
-------
Table 6-14
CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K016
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
Variability
Factor
(VF)
Treatment
Standard**
( Average
x VF)(ppm)
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
42. Tetrachloroethene Tetrachloroethene
u. Semivolatiles (8270)
M (Total Concentration
110. Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
113. Hexachloroethane Hexachloroethane
6,000-78,000
0.003
2.8
0.007
60-87
280-340
280-340
85-120
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.012
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
0.033
0.007
0.007
0.033
1 For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-15
CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K018
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE
U)
IV)
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
12. Chloroethane
15. Chlorome thane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
137. Pentachloroethane
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Tetrachloroethene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Hexachlorobenzene
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
280-340
6,000-78,000
<2,000-2,200
87,000-122,000
2,200-3,210
60-87
280-3,400
2,200-3,210
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.002
0.003
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average
x VF)(ppm)
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.033
0.007
0.007
1For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-16
CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K019
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE
U)
Regulated Constituent
(SH-846 Method Number)1
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Tr ichloroethane
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
88. p-DiChlorobenzene
109. Fluorene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Untreated K019
at Plant A* (ppm)
<2,000-3,000
4,600-6,000
87,000-122,000
6,000-78,000
2,200-3,210
280-340
74-90
16-22
85-120
314-470
11-21
62-86
65-100
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.008
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average
x VF)(ppm)
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.033
0.007
0.007
0.017
0.023
1 For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
Concentration values for the untreated waste have not been corrected for recovery.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
I
u>
.p-
Table 6-17
CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K020
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE
Regulated Constituent
(SH-846 Method Number)'
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
87,000-122,000
2,200-3,210
6,000-78,000
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
0.003
0.003
0.003
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average
x VF)(ppm)
0.007
0.007
0.007
Semivolatiles (8270)
Total Concentrations
No semivolatile organics were proposed for regulation for this waste code.
1For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
Table 6-18
1
Regulated Constituent
(SW-846 Method Number)
Volatiles (8240)
(Total Concentration)
42. Tetrachloroethene
Semivolatiles (8270)
(Total Concentration)
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
CALCULATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K030
BY METHOD TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE FINAL RULE
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment
Values**
(ppm)
K019 Constituent From
Which Treatment Data
Were Transferred
Tetrachloroethene
Untreated
Concentration*
(ppm)
6,000-78,000
p-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Hexachloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.003
Variability
Factor
(VF)
2.8
74-90
74-90
280-340
85-120
2,200-3,210
62-86
65-100
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.003
0.006
0.008
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
Standard**
(Average
x VF)(ppm)
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.033
0.007
0.017
0.023
1For detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see
Appendix D (QA/QC section).
*This is the untreated concentration in K019 of each constituent from which treatment data were
transferred.
**The values shown on this table for arithmetic averages and treatment standards have been rounded to show
significant figures only.
-------
7.0 CONCLUSIONS
The Agency has proposed treatment standards for five chlorinated
organic waste codes (K016, K018, K019, K020 and K030.) Standards for
nonwastewater forms of these wastes are presented in Table 7-1 and standards
for wastewater forms of these wastes are presented in Table 7-2.
The treatment standards proposed for K016, K018, K019, K020 and K030
have been developed consistent with EPA's promulgated methodology for BOAT
(November 7, 1986, 51 FR 40572). These five listed wastes are generated in
the production of chlorinated organic chemicals. The Agency estimates that
there are 47 plants that may produce the listed wastes.
Based on a careful review of the industry processes which generate
these wastes and all available data characterizing these wastes, the Agency
has determined that these listed wastes (K016, K018, K019, K020 and K030)
represent a single waste treatability group. Wastes in this treatability
group are primarily comprised of mono- and poly-chlorinated aliphatic and
aromatic compounds. Although the concentrations of specific constituents will
vary from facility to facility, all of the listed wastes are expected to
contain similar BDAT organics and are expected to be treatable to the same
levels using the same technology. The BDAT List constituents generally
present in wastes of this treatability group are chlorobenzene, chloroethane,
chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane,
tetrachloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane,
7-1
-------
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachloro-
cyclopentadiene, hexachloroethane, hexachloropropene, naphthalene, pentachlor-
obenzene, pentachloroethane, phenanthrene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. EPA has examined the sources of the wastes,
applicable and demonstrated technologies, and attainable treatment performance
in order to support a single regulatory approach for these five listed
chlorinated wastes.
The Agency has identified the following demonstrated and available
technologies for treatment of BDAT List organic constituents present in the
wastes which are part of this treatability group: incineration technologies
including rotary kiln and liquid injection incineration; and total recycle or
reuse. The Agency has treatment performance data for rotary kiln incineration
of waste code K019 at plant A; no other treatment performance data are
available for these waste codes. Rotary kiln incineration is determined to be
the best demonstrated and available technology (BDAT) for treatment of K019
based on the treatment performance data available to the Agency. EPA has
determined that the chlorinated waste group K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030
represent a waste treatability group. Therefore, since rotary kiln
incineration has been determined to be BDAT for K019, this technology is also
BDAT for K016, K018, K020, and K030.
Regulated constituents for K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030 were
selected based on a careful evaluation of the BDAT List constituents detected
at treatable levels in the untreated or treated wastes and the waste
7-2
-------
characteristics that would affect performance of incineration, i.e., boiling
point or bond dissociation energy. Boiling point of a constituent is
determined as the waste characteristic that would affect performance of
incineration with respect to the kiln ash residue. Bond dissociation energy
of a constituent is determined as the waste characteristic that would affect
performance of incineration with respect to the scrubber water residual.
BDAT List constituents that were detected in the untreated waste,
but were not treated by BDAT, were not selected for regulation. For example,
BDAT List metals were considered but were not selected in K019 because these
constituents were not detected at treatable levels in the wastes, are not
effectively treated by rotary kiln incineration (BDAT). Some BDAT List
organic constituents were considered for regulation but were not selected for
regulation because these constituents were believed to be adequately
controlled by regulation of other constituents. This decision was based on a
comparison of the waste characteristics that would affect performance (boiling
point or bond dissociation energy) of those constituents considered for
regulation. For instance, carbon tetrachloride (boiling point 77°C) was
considered for regulation in K019 wastewater but was not selected for
regulation because this constituent was found at a lower level in the
untreated waste and it is believed to be adequately controlled by regulation
of chlorobenzene (boiling point 131°C), 1,2-dichlo^oethane (boiling point
83°C). Some BDAT List organic constituents, considered for regulation, were
not detected in the untreated waste but were detected in the treated waste.
However, these constituents were found at treatable levels in other
7-3
-------
wastes treated at the same time as the untreated waste of concern; therefore,
these constituents were not selected for regulation. For instance,
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate were not detected in the
untreated K019 but were detected in the kiln ash residue. These constituents
were also found at treatable levels in another waste which was incinerated
simultaneously with untreated K019; therefore, these constituents were not
selected for regulation in K019 nonwastewater.
In the development of BDAT treatment standards for regulated con-
stituents in these chlorinated organic listed wastes, the Agency examined all
available treatment performance data. The Agency conducted tests on a full
scale rotary kiln incinerator treating K019. Design and operating data
collected during the testing of this technology indicate that the technology
was properly operated during each sample set; accordingly, all of the
treatment performance data collected during the tests were used in the devel-
opment of the BDAT treatment standards. BDAT treatment standards for K019
were derived from analytical data that have been adjusted to take into account
analytical interference associated with the chemical make-up of the sample.
Subsequently, the mean of the adjusted concentration was multiplied by a
variability factor to derive the BDAT treatment standard. The variability
factor represents the variability inherent in the treatment process and
sampling and analytical methods. Variability factors were determined by
statistically calculating the variability seen for a number of data points for
a given constituent. For constituents for which specific variability factors
could not be calculated, a variability factor of 2.8 was used.
7-4
-------
Rotary kiln incineration generally results in the generation of two
treatment residuals: kiln ash (nonwastewater) and scrubber water (waste-
water). (For the purpose of the land disposal restrictions rule, wastewaters
are defined as wastes containing less than or equal to 1$ (weight basis)
filterable solids and less than or equal to 1% (weight basis) total organic
carbon.) Two categories of treatment standards were developed for the K016,
K018, K019, K020 and K030 treatability group: wastewater and nonwastewater.
Nonwastewater and wastewater BDAT treatment standards for K019 are based on
the treatment performance data from EPA's test of rotary kiln incineration.
Treatment performance data were not available from rotary kiln
incineration of waste codes K016, K018, K020, and K030. Therefore, treatment
performance data were transferred from K019 to K016, K018, K020, and K030.
Nonwastewater BDAT treatment standards for K016, K018, K020, and K030 are
derived from the transfer of treatment performance (kiln ash residue) data
from waste code K019. This transfer is based on boiling points. Wastewater
BDAT treatment standards for K016, K018, K020, and K030 are derived from the
transfer of treatment performance (scrubber water) data from waste code K019.
Wastes determined to be K016, K018, K019, K020 and K030 wastes may
be land disposed if they meet the standards at the point of disposal. The
BDAT technology upon which the treatment standardsvare based (rotary kiln
incineration) need not be specifically utilized prior to land disposal,
provided that an alternate technology utilized achieves the standards.
7-5
-------
These standards become effective no later than August 8, 1988, as
described in the schedule set forth in 40 CFR 268.10. Due to the lack of
nationwide incineration capacity at this time, the Agency has proposed to
grant a 2-year nationwide variance to the effective date of the land disposal
restriction for these wastes. A detailed discussion of the Agency's determi-
nation that a lack of nationwide incineration capacity exists is presented in
the Capacity Background Document which is available in the Administrative
Record of this rule.
7-6
-------
Table 7-1
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
FOR
NONWASTEWATER K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
Total Concentration (mg/kg)
Regulated Organic Constituents
9. Chlorobenzene
12. Chloroethane
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Tr ichloroethane
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
137. Pentachloroethane
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
K016
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.96
NA
NA
27.2
5.44
5.44
27.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
K018
NA
5.96
NA
5.96
5.96
NA
NA
5.96
NA
27.2
5.44
NA
27.2
NA
NA
NA
5.44
NA
NA
NA
K019
5.66
NA
5.96
NA
5.96
NA
5.96
5.96
5.44
NA
NA
NA
27.2
NA
5.44
NA
NA
5.44
NA
18.7
K020
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.96
5.44
5.96
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
K030
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.96
NA
NA
NA
5.44
NA
27.2
18.7
NA
27.2
5.44
NA
13.6
18.7
NA - Not applicable.
for this waste.
This constituent is not being proposed for regulation
7-7
-------
Table 7-2
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
WASTEWATER K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
Total Concentration (mg/L)
Regulated Organic Constituents
7.
12.
14.
15.
22.
23.
41.
42.
45.
46.
68.
88.
110.
111.
112.
113.
115.
121.
136.
137.
148.
150.
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chlorome thane
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
1 , 2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
1,1, 2-Tr ichloroe thane
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
p-Dichlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadlene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
Naphthalene
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroe thane
1,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2, 4-Tr ichlorobenzene
K016
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.050
0.010
0.025
0.050
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
K018
NA
0.014
NA
0.014
0.014
0.014
NA
NA
0.014
NA
NA
NA
0.050
0.010
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.009
NA
NA
K019
0.014
NA
0.014
NA
NA
0.014
NA
0.014
NA
0.014
0.010
0.009
0.050
NA
NA
0.050
NA
0.010
0.050
NA
0.025
0.025
K020
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.014
0.009
0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.050
NA
NA
NA
0.009
NA
NA
K030
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.010
NA
0.050
0.025
NA
NA
0.009
0.025
0.025
NA - Not Applicable.
waste.
This constituent is not being proposed for regulation for this
-------
8.0 REFERENCES
1. SRI International. 1987 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States of
America, SRI International, Menlo Park, California. 1987.
2. Kent, James A., ed. Reigel's Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, 8th ed.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 1983.
3. Kirk, Raymond E., and Othmer, Donald F. Encyclopedia of Chemical Tech-
nology , third edition. John Wiley and Sons. 1979.
4. Lowenheim, F., and M. Moran. Faith, Keyes, and Clark's Industrial
Chemicals, Fourth Edition. John Wiley and Sons. 1975.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Identification and Listing of
Hazardous Waste under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section 3001. Background Docu-
ment. May 1981.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contractors Engineering Analysis
of Organic Chemicals and Plastics/Synthetic Fibers Industries, Appendix
S, Chapters 27, 75 and 79. Effluent Guidelines Division. November 16,
1981.
7. IT Enviroscience. Organic Chemical Manufacturing Volume 8: Selected
Processes. EPA-450/3-80-028c. Prepared for U.S. EPA, Emission Standards
and Engineering Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
September 1980.
8. TRW Systems Group. Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Practices,
Organic Chemicals, Pesticides, and Explosive Industries. Prepared for
U.S. EPA. April 1975.
9. Environ Corporation. Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in the 40
CFR Section 261 Waste Profiles. Prepared for U.S. EPA, Waste Identifica-
tion Branch, Characterization and Assessment Division.
10. U.S. EPA. Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance
and Operation for Rollins Environmental Services (TX) Inc., Deer Park,
Texas. March 11, 1988.
11. S-Cubed, 1988. Data Summary Tables of Selected Chlorinated Aliphatic
Waste Samples as Extracted from Analytical Dat^a Report of the EPA/OSW
Study to Relist Selected Hazardous Waste from the Chlorinated Aliphatic
Industry. February 26, 1988.
12. Dean, J.A. (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. 12th ed., McGraw-Hill,
1979. pp. 8-11.
8-1
-------
13. McCabe and Smith, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 3rd ed.,
McGraw-Hill, 1976, App. 13.
14. Sanderson, R.T., Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy. Arizona State Univer-
sity, Academic Press, New York and London, 1971.
15. Windholz, Martha, editor. 1983. The Merck Index. 10th edition.
Rathway, NJ: Merck & Company.
16. Verchueren, Karel. 1983. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
Chemicals. 2nd edition, pp. 575-576. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, Inc.
17. Weast, R.C., editor. 1980. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61st
edition, p. C-134. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.
8-2
-------
APPENDIX A
STATISTICAL METHODS
A.1 F Value Determination for ANOVA Test
A.2 Variability Factor
-------
APPENDIX A
A.I F Value Determination for ANOVA Test
As noted earlier in Section 1.0, EPA is using the statistical method
known as analysis of variance in the determination of the level of
performance that represents "best" treatment where more than one
technology is demonstrated. This method provides a measure of the
differences between data sets. If the differences are not statistically
significant, the data sets are said to be homogeneous.
If the Agency found that the levels of performance for one or more
technologies are not statistically different (i.e., the data sets are
homogeneous), EPA would average the long term performance values achieved
by each technology and then multiply this value by the largest
variability factor associated with any of the acceptable technologies.
If EPA found that one technology performs significantly better (i.e., the
data sets are not homogeneous), BOAT would be the level of performance
achieved by the best technology multiplied by its variability factor.
To determine whether any or all of the treatment performance data
sets are homogeneous using the analysis of variance method, it is
necessary to compare a calculated "F value" to what is known as a
"critical value." (See Table A-l.) These critical values are available
in most statistics texts (see, for example, Statistical Concepts and
Methods by Bhattacharyya and Johnson, 1977, John Wiley Publications, New
York).
Where the F value is less than the critical value, all treatment data
sets are homogeneous. If the F value exceeds the critical value, it is
A-l
-------
necessary to perform a "pair wise F" test to determine if any of the sets
are homogeneous. The "pair wise F" test must be done for all of the
various combinations of data sets using the same method and equation as
the general F test.
The F value is calculated as follows:
(i) All data are natural logtransformed.
(ii) The sum of the data points for each data set is computed (T.).
(iii) The statistical parameter known as the sum of the squares
between data sets (SSB) is computed:
SSB =
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
ni = number of data points for technology i
N = number of data points for all technologies
Ti = sum of natural logtransformed data points for each technology.
(iv) The sum of the squares within data sets (SSW) is computed:
k
I
i-1
I71']
ni
—
k
I$IT<
N
i -
SSW
where:
X< -i
k ni
I I
1-1
= the natural logtransformed observations (j) for treatment
technology (i).
(v) The degrees of freedom corresponding to SSB and SSW are
calculated. For SSB, the degree of freedom is given by k-1. For SSW,
the degree of freedom is given by N-k.
A-2
-------
(vi) Using the above parameters, the F value is calculated as
follows:
MSB
F = MSW
where:
MSB = SSB/(k-l) and
MSW = SSW/(N-k).
A computational table summarizing the above parameters is shown below.
Computational Table for the F Value
Source
Between
within
Degrees of
freedom
K-l
N-k
Sum of
squares
SSB
SSW
Mean square
MSB = SSB/k-1
MSW = SSW/N-k
F
MSB/MSW
Below are three examples of the ANOVA calculation. The first two
represent treatment by different technologies that achieve statistically
similar treatment; the last example represents a case where one
technology achieves significantly better treatment than the other
technology.
A-3
-------
Table A-l
F Distribution at the 95 Percent Confidence Level
Denominator
degrees of
freedom 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
00
161 4
1851
1013
7 71
661
5 99
559
532
5.12
496
484
4 75
467
460
454
449
445
4 41
438
435
432
430
428
426
424
423
421
420
418
417
408
400
392
3.84
2
1995
1900
955
694
579
514
4 74
446
426
410
398
389
381
374
368
363
359
355
352
349
347
344
342
340
339
337
335
334
333
332
323
315
307
3.00
3
2157
1916
928
659
5.41
476
435
407
386
371
359
349
341
334
329
324
320
316
313
3 10
307
305
303
301
299
298
296
295
2.93
292
284
2.76
2.68
2.60
Numerator degrees of freedom
456
2246
1925
912
639
5.19
453
412
384
363
348
3.36
3.26
3.18
3 11
306
301
296
293
290
287
284
282
280
278
276
2 74
2.73
271
2.70
269
261
253
2.45
237
2302
1930
901
626
5.05
439
397
3.69
3.48
3.33
3.20
3.11
303
296
290
285
281
2.77
274
271
268
2.66
2.64
262
260
259
257
256
255
253
245
237
229
2.21
2340
1933
894
616
495
428
3.87
3.58
337
322
3.09
3.00
292
2.85
2.79
2.74
2.70
266
263
260
2.57
255
253
251
249
247
246
245
243
2.42
2.34
225
2.17
2.10
7
2368
1935
889
609
488
421
3.79
3.50
329
3.14
3.01
2.91
2.83
2.76
271
266
2.61
2.58
2.54
2.51
249
2.46
244
242
240
2.39
2.37
2.36
2.35
2.33
225
2.17
2.09
2.01
8
2389
1937
885
6.04
482
415
3.73
344
3.23
3.07
2.95
2.85
2.77
2.70
2.64
2.59
255
251
2.48
2.45
242
2.40
2.37
2.36
2.34
232
231
229
2.28
2.27
2.18
2.10
2.02
1 94
9
2405
1938
881
600
4 77
4 10
368
339
318
3.02
2.90
280
271
265
259
254
249
246
242
239
237
234
232
2.30
228
227
2.25
2.24
2.22
221
212
204
1 96
1 88
A-4
-------
1790g
Example 1
Methylene Chloride
Steam stripping
Influent Effluent
Ug/i)
1550.00
1290.00
1640.00
5100.00
1450.00
4600.00
1760.00
2400.00
4800.00
12100.00
Ug/D
10.00
10.00
10.00
12.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
Biological treatment
In(effluent) [Infeff luent)]2 Influent Effluent In(effluent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.48
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
Ug/1) Ug/1)
5.29 1960.00 10.00 2.30
5.29 2568.00 10.00 2.30
5.29 1817.00 10.00 2.30
6. IS 1640.00 26.00 3.26
5.29 3907.00 10.00 2.30
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
[In(effluent)]2
5.29
5.29
5.29
10.63
5.29
Sum:
23.18
53.76
12.46
31.79
Sample Size:
10 10
Mean:
3669
10.2
Standard Deviation:
3328.67 .63
Variability Factor:
10
2.32
.06
2378
923.04
1.15
13.2
7.15
2.48
2.49
.43
ANOVA Calculations:
SSB
r
1 = 1 n,
k n,
.2, .S
i=l j-1
ssw
MSB » SSB/(k-l)
MSW = SSU/(N-k)
12
1-1 fid]
J i-1 InTJ
A-5
-------
1790g
Example 1 (continued)
F * MSB/MSU
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n = number of data points for technology i
N = number of natural log transformed data points for all technologies
T = sum of log transformed data points for each technology
X = the nat. log transformed observations (j) for treatment technology (i)
n = 10, n » 5. N = 15, k = 2, T = 23.18. T = 12.46, T = 35.64, T = 1270.21
T2 = 537.31 T2 = 155.25
10
1270.21
15
0.10
10
0.77
MSB = 0.10/1 = 0.10
MSW = 0.77/13 = 0.06
F -
0.06
ANOVA Table
Degrees of
Source freedom
Between (8) 1
Withm(U) 13
SS MS
0.10 0.10
0.77 0.06
F
1.67
The critical value of the F test at the 0.05 significance level is 4.67. Since
the F value is less than the critical value, the means are not significantly
different (i.e., they are homogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ
depending upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
A-6
-------
1790g
Example Z
Trichloroethylene
^team stripping
Influent
Ug/i)
1650.00
5200.00
5000.00
1720.00
1560.00
10300.00
210.00
1600.00
204.00
160.00
Effluent
Ug/D
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
27.00
85.00
10.00
In(effluent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
3.30
4.44
2.30
[In(effluent)]2
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
10.89
19.71
5.29
Influent
(rt/1)
200.00
224.00
134.00
150.00
484.00
163.00
182.00
Biological treatment
Effluent
Ug/T)
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
16.25
10.00
10.00
In(effluent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.79
2.30
2.30
[In(effluent)]2
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
7.78
5.29
5.29
Sum:
Sample Size:
10 10
Mean:
2760
19.2
Standard Deviation-
3209.6 23.7
Variabi1ity Factor:
3.70
26.14
10
2.61
.71
72.92
220
120.5
10.89
2.36
1.53
16.59
2.37
.19
39.52
ANOVA Calculations:
SSB
U-
1 = 1 n,
' k
ssw
MSB * SSB/(k-l)
MSW ' SSW/(N-k)
i. T,
IT
A-7
-------
1790g
Example 2 (continued)
F = MSB/MSW
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n = number of data points for technology i
N = number of data points for all technologies
T = sum of natural log transformed data points for each technology
X = the natural log transformed observations (j) for treatment technology (i)
N = 10, N = 7, N = 17. k = 2, T = 26.14, T = 16.59, T =• 42.73, T = 1825.85, T2 = 683.30,
T2 = 275.23
„„ (683.30 275.23 ) 1825.85
SSB = + - = 0.25
10 7 I 17
SSU= (72.92 + 39.52) -|_!!1!S !I!±1 =4.79
10 7
MSB = 0.25/1 = 0.25
MSW = 4.79/15 = 0.32
0.32
ANOVA Table
Degrees of
Source freedom SS MS
Between(B)
Uithin(W)
1
15
0.25
4.79
0.25
0.32
0.78
The critical value of the F test at the 0.05 significance level is 4.54. Since
the F value is less than the critical value, the means are not significantly
different (i.e., they are homogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ
depending upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
A-8
-------
1790g
Example 3
Chlorobenzene
Activated sludge followed by carbon adsorption Biological treatment
Influent Effluent In(effluent) [ln(effluent)]2 Influent Effluent
Ug/D Ug/l) (cg/D Ug/1)
Sum:
Sample Size:
4
In(effluent)
14.49
55.20
38.90
ln[(effluent)]'
7200.00
6500.00
6075.00
3040.00
80.00
70.00
35.00
10.00
4.38
4.25
3.56
2.30
19.18
18.06
12.67
5.29
9206.00
16646.00
49775.00
14731.00
3159.00
6756.00
3040.00
1083.00
709.50
460.00
142.00
603.00
153.00
17.00
6.99
6.56
6.13
4.96
6.40
5.03
2.83
48.86
43.03
37.58
24.60
40.96
25.30
8.01
228.34
Mean:
5703
49
Standard Deviation:
1835.4 32.24
Variability Factor:
7.00
3.62
.95
14759
16311.86
452.5
379.04
15.79
5.56
1.42
ANOVA Calculations:
SSB
°'
*, s! *2'-j
. 1-1 j=i -j
SSU
MSB = SSB/(k-l)
MSW « SSW/(N-k)
F » MSB/MSU
,5iT'
-r fTl 1
1=1 I"J
A-9
-------
1790g
where,
Example 3 (continued)
k - number of treatment technologies
n. = number of data points for technology i
N = number of data points for all technologies
T » sum of natural log transformed data points for each technology
X . = the natural log transformed observations (j) for treatment technology (i)
N = 4, N = 7. N » 11. k » 2, T = 14.49. T =• 38.90, T = 53.39, T2= 2850.49, T2 = 209.96
T = 1513.21
SSB
11
9.52
SSW . (55.20 + 228.34)
209.96 1513.21
4 7
14.88
MSB = 9.52/1 = 9.52
MSW = 14.88/9 = 1.65
F = 9.52/1.65 * 5.77
ANOVA Table
Source
Between (B)
Within(W)
Degrees of
freedom
1
9
SS
9.53
14.89
MS F
9.53 5.77
1.65
The critical value of the F test at the 0.05 significance level is 5.12. Since
the F value is larger than the critical value, the means are significantly
different (i.e., they are heterogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ depending
upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
A-10
-------
A.2. Variability Factor
Jlgg-
VF = Mean
where:
VF = estimate of daily maximum variability factor determined from
a sample population of daily data.
Cgg = Estimate of performance values for which 99 percent of the
daily observations will be below. €99 is calculated using
the following equation: Cgq = Exp(y + 2.33 Sy) where y and
Sy are the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the
logtransformed data.
Mean = average of the individual performance values.
EPA is establishing this figure as an instantaneous maximum because
the Agency believes that on a day-to-day basis the waste should meet the
applicable treatment standards. In addition, establishing this
requirement makes it easier to check compliance on a single day. The
99th percentile is appropriate because it accounts for almost all process
variability.
In several cases, all the results from analysis of the residuals from
BOAT treatment are found at concentrations less than the detection
limit. In such cases, all the actual concentration values are considered
unknown and hence, cannot be used to estimate the variability factor of
the analytical results. Below is a description of EPA's approach for
calculating the variability factor for such cases with all concentrations
below the detection limit.
It has been postulated as a general rule that a lognormal
distribution adequately describes the variation- among concentrations.
A-ll
-------
Agency data shows that the treatment residual concentrations are
distributed approximately lognormally. Therefore, the lognormal model
has been used routinely in the EPA development of numerous regulations in
the Effluent Guidelines program and is being used in the BOAT program.
The variability factor (VF) was defined as the ratio of the 99th
percentile (C ) of the lognormal distribution to its arithmetic mean
(Mean).
VF = C99 (!)
Mean
The relationship between the parameters of the lognormal distribution
and the parameters of the normal distribution created by taking the
natural logarithms of the lognormally-distributed concentrations can be
found in most mathematical statistics texts (see for example:
Distribution in Statistics-Volume 1 by Johnson and Kotz, 1970). The mean
of the lognormal distribution can be expressed in terms of the
mean (n) and standard deviation (a) of the normal distribution as
follows:
C99 = Exp (M + 2.33a) (2)
Mean = Exp (M + .5a2) (3)
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1) the variability factor can then be
expressed in terms of a as follows:
VF = Exp (2.33 a - .5a2) (4)
For residuals with concentrations that are not all below the
detection limit, the 99 percentile and the mean can be estimated from
the actual analytical data and accordingly, the variability factor (VF)
A-12
-------
can be estimated using equation (1). For residuals with concentrations
that are below the detection limit, the above equations can be used in
conjunction with the assumptions below to develop a variability factor.
Step 1: The actual concentrations follow a lognormal distribution. The
upper limit (UL) is equal to the detection limit. The lower limit (LL)
is assumed to be equal to one tenth of the detection limit. This
assumption is based on the fact that data from well-designed and
well-operated treatment systems generally falls within one order of
magnitude.
Step 2: The natural logarithms of the concentrations have a normal
distribution with an upper limit equal to In (UL) and a lower limit equal
to In (LL).
Step 3: The standard deviation (a) of the normal distribution is
approximated by
o = [(In (UL) - In (LL)] / [(2)(2.33)] = [ln(UL/LL)] / 4.66
when LL = (0.1)(UL) then o = (InlO) / 4.66 = 0.494
Step 4: Substitution of the value from Step 3 in equation (4) yields the
variability factor, VF.
VF = 2.8
A-13
-------
APPENDIX B
MAJOR CONSTITUENT CALCULATION FOR K016, K018, K019, K020, AND K030
B.1 K016
From Table 2-4, major constituents in K016 are:
Average*
Concentration
(ppm) %
42. Tetrachloroethene 85,750 8.6 (=9)
110. Hexachlorobenzene 27,050 2.7 (=3)
111. Hexachlorobutadlene 59,250 5.9 (=6)
113. Hexachloroethane 30,000 3.0
Other BOAT constituents in K016 are:
Average*
Concentration
(ppm) %
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 6,275 0.63 (=1)
Thus, the major constituents list for K016 is:
Constituent %
42. Tetrachoroethene 9
110. Hexachlorobenzene 3
111. Hexachlorobutadiene 6
113. Hexachloroethane 3
Other BOAT Constituents 1
Other Constituents 78
100*
*Average concentrations were calculated by averaging available data from all
sources. Where a concentration value was reported as less than a detection
limit, the detection limit was used in the calculation. Where concentrations
were reported as a range of values, the average over the range was used and
then averaged with other data.
B-1
-------
B.2 K018
From Table 2-5, major constituents in K018 are:
Average*
Concentration
(ppm)
12. Chloroethane 131,000 13.1 (=13)
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 356,800 35.6 (=36)
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 50,000 5.0 (=5)
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 11,600 1.2 (=1)
Other BOAT constituents in K018 are:
Average*
Concentration
(ppm)
15. Chloromethane 8,300
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 3,325
110. Hexachlorobenzene 385
111. Hexachlorobutadiene 386
113. Hexachloroethane 381
137. Pentachlorethane 528
13,305 ppm —> 1.3 ( = 1.055)
Thus, the major constituent list for K018 is:
Constituent %
12. Chloroethane 13
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 36
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 5
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1
Other BOAT Constituents 1
Other Constituents 44
*Average concentrations were calculated by averaging available data from all
sources. Where a concentration value was reported as less than a detection
limit, the detection limit was used in the calculation. Where concentrations
were reported as a range of values, the average over the range was used and
then averaged with other data.
B-2
-------
B.3 K019
The following major constituent list for K019 is from
Reference 10: "Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment
Technology Performance and Operation for Rollins Environ
mental Services (TX) Inc., Deer Park, Texas".
Constituent %
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 10
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 4
Other BOAT constituents 2
Other Constituents 82
Water 2
B.4 K020
From Table 2-7, major constituents in K020 are:
Average*
Concentration
(ppm) %
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 555,000 55.5 (=56)
41. 1,1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane 77,000 7.7 (=8)
42. Tetrachloroethene 28,000 2.8 (=3)
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 35,000 3.5 (=4)
Thus, the major constituent list for K020 is
Constituent %
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 56
41. 1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloroethane 8
46 . 1,1, 2-Trichloroethane 4
42. Tetrachloroethene 3
Other Constituents 29
*Average concentrations were calculated by averaging available data from all
sources. Where a concentration value was reported as less than a detection
limit, the detection limit was used in the calculation. Where concentrations
were reported as a range of values, the average over the range was used and
then averaged with other data.
B-3
-------
B.5 K030
From Table 2-8, major constituents in K030 are:
Average*
Concentration
(ppm)
42. Tetrachloroethene 555,000 55.5 (=56)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene 38,000 3.8 (=4)
137. Pentachloroethane 22,000 2.2 (=2)
Other BOAT Constituents in K030 are:
Average*
Concentration
(ppm)
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 2,
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 4_,
2.1% (=3%)
Thus, the major constituents list for K030 is:
Constituent %
42. Tetrachloroethene 56
111. Hexachlorobutadiene 4
137. Pentachloroethane 2
Other BDAT Constituents 3
Other Constituents 35
1005S
*Average concentrations were calculated by averaging available data from all
sources. Where a concentration value was reported as less than a detection
limit, the detection limit was used in the calculation. Where concentrations
were reported as a range of values, the average over the range was used and
then averaged with other data.
B-4
-------
APPENDIX C
STRIP CHARTS FOR THE SAMPLING EPISODE AT PLANT A:
WASTE FEED RATES, KILN TEMPERATURES, AFTERBURNER
TEMPERATURES AND EXCESS OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
Figure C-1: RCRA Blend Feed Rates
Figure C-2: PCB Blend Feed Rate
Figure C-3: Kiln and Afterburner Temperatures
Figure C-4: Hot Duct Oxygen Concentration (%)
-------
11:00 pm
End of Sampling Episode)
9:00 pm
7:00 pm
5:00 pm
*
CH.I
p
H. 2
T
jr.
fr
!U
m
.i.
(03
22:55-
p/CH
2B:55
28
b/bb
t
. CM
00
CD
n>
n>
co
Pi
"O
1/1
oo
tt
•a
oo
IB
rt
1
oo
to i.
00
m
0(lb/min)
200(lb/min)|
Figure C-l
RCRA BLEND FEED RATES (Ib/min)
(Continued)
C-l
-------
-Sample Set 2'
Sample Set 1-
160(Ib/rain)
n
i
0(lb/min)
Start of Sampling Episode
Figure C-2
PCB BLEND FEED RATE (Ib/min)
-------
•Sample Set 6-
n
i
u>
t Sample Set 5-
•Sample Set 4 »
-Sample Set 3-
160(lb/min)
0(lb/min)
End of Sampling Episode
Figure C-2
PCB BLEND FEED RATE (Ib/min)
(Continued)
-------
n
i
Afterburner Temperature Kiln Temperature | Sample get
Sample Set 1
3000C-F)
1000(°F)
Start of Sampling Episode
Figure C-3
KILN AND AFTERBURNER TEMPERATURES ("F)
-------
Afterburner Temperature
n
Kiln Temperature
-Sample Set
mp
-Sample Set 5
3000(°F)
•u*
1000
U1
End of Sampling Episode
Figure C-3
KILN AND AFTERBURNER TEMPERATURES (°F)
(Continued)
-------
Oxygen
n
i
ON
iWiico«,U.S.A.
20(%0t) -r—-
| Sample Set 2 —H
Sample Set 1 |
0(%0t)
Start of Sampling Episode
Figure C-4
HOT DUCT OXYGEN CONCENTRATION (%)
-------
Oxygen
n
i
.Sample Set 6-
-Sample Set
Sample Set 4
20(%0i)
0(%0z.)
-:-- -- L'TT-- « _- _ -TI— - -_
_ , r _ . . __ . ~
End of Sampling Episode
Figure C-4
HOT DUCT OXYGEN CONCENTRATION (%)
(Continued)
-------
APPENDIX D
ANALYTICAL QA/QC
The analytical methods used for analysis of the regulated constitu-
ents identified in Section 5.0 are presented in this Appendix. SW-846 methods
(EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods,
SW-846) are used in most cases for determining total constituent concentra-
tion.
In some instances it was necessary to deviate from the SW-846
methods. Deviations from SW-846 methods required to analyze the sample matrix
are listed in Table D-2. SW-846 allows for the use of alternative or equiva-
lent procedures or equipment; these are noted in Table D-3. These alterna-
tives or equivalents included alternative GC/MS operating conditions, equiva-
lent base/neutral surrogates, and different extraction techniques to reduce
sample matrix interferences.
The accuracy determination for a constituent is based on the matrix
spike recovery values. Tables D-4, D-5, and D-7 present the matrix spike
recovery data for volatile and semivolatile constituents in the kiln ash and
scrubber water residuals.
The accuracy correction factors for volatile and semivolatile
constituents detected in untreated K019 and in the Iciln ash and scrubber water
residuals are summarized in Table D-6. The accuracy correction factors
were determined for each constituent by dividing 100 by the matrix spike
recovery (in percent) for that constituent.
D-1
-------
Table D-1
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
Nonwastewater
Regulated Constituent
Votati le
9. Ch 1 orobenzene
14. Chloroform
23. 1 , 2-Oichl oroethane
42. Tet rachl oroethene
45. 1 , 1 , 1-Trich! oroethane
Semi volat i 1 e
68.
113,
121 ,
141 .
150.
a
ro
Bis(2-chl oroethyl ) ether
He xachl oroethane
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
1 , 2 ,4-Tri ch 1 orobenzene
Total
Preparat i on
Method
Purge and
Trap
(Method
5030)
Soni cat i on
Extract i on*
(Method
3550)
Kiln Ash Residue
Constituent Concentration
Analytical Method Reference
Gas Chromatography/ *
Mass Spectrometry
for Volatile Organics
(Method 8240)
Gas Chromatography/ *
Mass Spectrometry
for Semi vo 1 at i 1 e
Organics: Capillary
Column Technique
(Method 8270)
Combustion Gas Scrubber Discharge
Total Constituent Concentrat
Preparat i on
Method
Purge and
Trap
(Method
5030)
Separatory
Funne 1
Liquid-
Li qui d
Ext ract i on
(Method
3510)
Analytical Method
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for Volatile Organics
(Method 8240)
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for Semivolatile
Organics Capillary
Column Technique
(Method 8070)
Water
i on
Reference
*
*
Reference:
*Environmental Protection Agency, 1986,
Emergency Response, November 1986.
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Third Edition, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and
-------
Table D-1 (Continued)
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
Wastewater
t)
Ki1n Ash Residue
Total Constituent Concentration
Regulated Constituent
Volatile
7. Carbon Tetrachlorlde
14. Chloroform
23. 1,2-D1chloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1 , 1 , 2-Trichloroethane
Semivolat1le
Preparat ion
Method
Purge and
Trap
(Method
5030)
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Sonication
88. p-Dichlorobenzene Extraction*
110. Hexachlorobenzene (Method
113. Hexachloroethane 3550)
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
148. 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Analytical Method
Gas Chrornatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for Volatile Organics
(Method 8240)
Gas Chrornatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for Semivolatile
Organics: Capillary
Column Technique
(Method 8270)
Reference
Combustion Gas Scrubber
Const i tuent Concentration
Preparat i on
Method
Purge and
Trap
(Method
5030)
Separatory
Funnel
Liquid-
Liquid
Extract ion
(Method
Analytical Method
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for Volatile Organics
(Method 8240)
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for Semivolat i le
Organics Capillary
Column Technique
(Method 8070)
3510)
Reference
Reference:
*Environmenta1 Protection Agency, 1986, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Third Edition, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, November 1986.
-------
Table D-2 Deviations from SW-846
Analysis
Method
SV-846 Specification
Deviation from SU-846 Method
Rationale for Deviation
Continuous Liquid/ 3520
Liquid Extraction or 3540
Soxhlet Extraction or 3510
Separatory Funnel 3550
Liquid/Liquid
Extraction or Sonication
Add 1 0 ml of solution containing 100
ug/ml of the acid surrogates and ZOO
ug/ml of the base/neutral surrogates
Additional amounts of the surrogates
if high concentration samples are
expected
0.1 ml of a solution containing 1,000
ug/ml of the acid surrogates and 2,000
ug/ml of the base/neutral surrogates
were added to the samples. The final
concentration of the surrogates in the
extracts is the same as specified in
SW-846
Use a micro Snyder column to adjust
the concentrate volumes
Nitrogen was used to adjust the
concentrate volumes for these samples
due to the high organic content of
the samples.
The use of nitrogen reduced
potential sample loss due to
bumping that could occur during
the concentration of the extracts
of these samples
Continuous Liquid/
Liquid Extraction
3520 Method calls for use 10 N NaOH
and 1:1 N HS0.
G
More concentrated acid and base
solutions were used for buffered
samples (e.g., 2-1 rUSO^)
and 12 N NaOH).
Buffered samples require the
addition of large amounts of
liquids to accomplish pH
changes. Using more concentrated
acid and base solutions reduces
the amount of acid or base needed
and avoids overfilling the
extractor with aqueous phase.
Sonication Extraction
3550 SU-846 specifies 3 minutes of
sonication.
Sonication is performed for five
minutes
The extended sonification ensures
the thorough mixing of these
samples.
No acidification step is required.
The base/neutral extracted kiln ash
residue is acidified with 1 ml of 1:1
H?S04, dried with Na2SO-4 (10 g),
and reextracted. The extracts will be
combined.
This acidification step yields
better recoveries of the acid
extractables.
Either decant extracts and filter
through No. 41 paper by vacuum or
centrifuge and decant.
Vacuum filtration is not used
Decanting is usually done without
centnfugation.
This technique reduces sample
transfer steps when samples can be
decanted without centrifugation.
-------
Table D-2 (Cont.)
Analysis
Method
SW-846 Specification
Deviation from SW-846 Method
Rationale for Deviation
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry for
Serowolat i le Organics.
Capi 1 lary Column
Technique
V
Ln
Separatory Funnel
Liquid/Liquid
Extraction
Sulfides
8270 The internal standards recommended are
1,4-dichlorobenzene-d.,
napthalene-da, acenaphthene-d,,,,
phenanthrene-djQ. chrysene-d..,.
and perylene-d.n. Other compounds
may be used as internal standards as
long as the requirements given in
Paragraph 7.3.2 of the method are
met. Each compound is dissolved with
a small volume of carbon bisulfide and
diluted to volume with methylene
chloride so that the final solvent is
approximately 20% carbon disulfide.
Most of the compunds are also soluble
in small volumes of methanol, acetone,
or toluene, except for
perylene-d.,. The resulting
solution will contain each standard at
a concentration of 4,000 ng/uL. Each
1-mL sample extract undergoing
analysis should be spiked with 10 uL
of the internal standard solution,
resulting in a concentration of 40
ng/uL of each internal standard.
3510 Extract sample at high pH and then at.
low pH.
9030 No sample preparation given in Method
9030 for solid waste matrix.
The preparation of the internal
standards was changed to eliminate
carbon disulfide as a solvent The
internal standard concentration was
changed to 50 ng/ul instead of 40
ng/ul The standards were dissolved
in methylene chloride only.
Perylene-d., dissolved in methylene
chloride sufficiently to yield
reliable results.
The combustion gas effluent water
residue is extracted at low pH first
and then at high pH.
Sample preparation required due to
matrix of samples. Distillation of
sulfide from the acid solution was
used with the sorption of hLS in
NaOH. This method is described in
EPA's "Test Method to Determine
Hydrogen Sulfide Released from Wastes.
Distillation procedure used to
liberate sulfide from various
matrices and to reduce potential
interferences. SW-846 Method
9030 is applicable only for water
samples (drinking, surface, and
saline wastes), therefore sample
preparation required for other
matrices.
-------
Table D—3 Specific Procedures or Equipment Used in Extraction of Organic Compounds When
Alternatives or Equivalents are Allowed in the SW-846 Methods
Analysis
SW-B46 Method
Sample Al iquot
Alternatives or Equivalents Allowed
hy SW-846 Methods
Specific Procedures or
Equipment Used
Purge and Trap
5030 5 mill\liters of liquid
or 2 grams of sol\0
The purge and trap device to be
used is specified in the method in
figure 1. the desorber to be used
is described in Figures 2 and 3,
and the packing materials are
described in Section 4 10 2 The
method allows equivalents of this
equipment or materials to be used
The purge and trap equipment, the
desorber, and the packing materials
used were as specified in SW-846
The method specifies that the
trap must be at least 25 cm long
and have an inside diameter of at
least 0 10cj in
The length of the trap was 30 cm
and the diameter was 0 25 cm
Continuous Iiquid-
L iquid Extract ion
3520 1 liter of liquid
The surrogates recommended are
toIuene-d8,4-bromofluorobenzene,
and 1,2-dichloroethane-d4 The
recommended concentration level is
0 25 ug/ml.
Acid and base/neutral extracts
are usually combined before
analysis by GC/MS However.
under some situations, they may
be extracted and analyzed
separately
All 3 surrogates were added at the
concentration recommended in SW-646
Acid and base/neutral extracts
were combined with the exception of
the sample collected from the
filtration dewatermg of OAF float
mixture
-------
Table D-3 (Cont.)
Ana lysis
SW-846 Method
Sample A)iquot
Alternatives or Equivalents Allowed
by SW-846 Methods,
Specific Procedures or
Equipment Used
Continuous Liquid-
Liquid Extraction
(continued)
The base/neutral surrogates
recomnended are 2-fluorobiphenyl,
nitrobenzene-dS, terphenyl-d!4
The acid surrogates recommended
are 2-f luorophenol,
2,4.E-tribromophenol, and
phenol-d6. Additional compounds
may be used for surrogates The
recommended concentrations for
low-medium concentration level
samples are 100 ug/ml for acid
surrogates and 200 ug/ml for
base/neutral surrogates. Volume
of surrogates added may be adjusted
Surrogates were the same as those
recoimended by SW-646 with the
exception that phenol-d5 was
substituted for phenol-d6 The
concentrations of surrogates in the
samples were 100 ug/ml of acid
surrogates and 200 ug/ml of
base/neutral surrogates.
Soxhlet Extraction
3540
10 grams of sol id
The recommended surrogates and
their concentration levels are
the same as for Method 3520.
The surrogates used and their
concentration levels were the same
as for Method 3520.
Sample grinding may be required
for samples not passing through a
1 mm standard sieve or a 1 mm
opening.
• Sample grinding was not required.
-------
Table D-3 (Cont.)
Analysis
SU-B46
Method
Sample
Preparation
Method
Alternatives or Equivalents
Allowed in SW-646 for
Equipment or in Procedure
Specific Equipment 01 Procedures Used
• Recommended GC/HS operating conditions
Actual GC/HS operating conditions
Gas Chrornatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for volat i le
organics
O
00
8240 S030 Electron energy-
Mass range.
Scan time.
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding time
Column temperature program
Final column temperature
final column holding time
Injector temperature
Source temperature:
Transfer line temperature
Carrier gas
70 vols (nominal)
35-260 amu
lo give 5 scans/peak but
not to exceed 7 sec/scan
45 C
3 mm
8'C/mm
200'C
IS mm
200-225T
According to manufacturer's
specification
250-300'C
Hydrogen at 50 cm/sec or
helium at 30 cm/sec
Electron energy 70 ev
Mass range 35 350 aimi
Scan time ? sec,'scan
Initial column temperature 10 (
Initial column holding t ime 5 miii
Column temperature program 6 (/inin
Final column temperature 160 (
Final column holding lime ?0 mm
Injector temperature 2?0 I
Source temperature 2t>OT
Transfer line temperature 275 C
Carrier gas Helium P 30 ml/mm
Additional Information on Actual System Used
Equipment F innegan Mat model 5100 GC/'M\/Db system
Data system SUPER1NCOSR
Mode- Electron impact
NBS library available
Interface to MS - Jet separator
• The column should be 6-ft x 0 I in 1 D. glass, packed
with 1% SP-1000 on Cartopack B (60/80 mesh) or an
equivalent.
Samples may be analyzed be purge and trap technique or by
direct injection
The column used was a capillary VOLOt which is
60 meters long and has an inner diametei of 0 75
mm and a 1 5 iimd.
All samples were analyzed using the purge and
trap technique
-------
Table D-3 (Cont.)
Analysis
SU-846
Method
Sample
Preparat ion
Method
Alternatives or Equivalents
Al lowed
Equipment
in SW-846 for
or in Procedure
Specific Equipment or Procedures Used
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for semivolatile
organics. capillary
column technique
8270 3520-Liquids • Recommended GC/MS operating conditions
• Actual GC/MS operating conditions
3540-Solids
O
Mass range.
Scan time:
Initial column temperature
Initial column holding time
Column temperature program-
Final column temperature hold
Injector temperature
Transfer line temperature1
Source temperature.
Injector:
Sample volume
Carrier gas-
35-500 amu
1 sec/scan
40°C
4 mm
40-270'C at
10"C/min
270-C (until
benzo[g,h. i .Jperylene has
eluted)
250-300'C
250-300'C
According to
manufacturer's
specification
Grob-type. split less
1-2 uL
Hydrogen at 50 cm/sec or
helium at 30 cm/sec
Mass range
Scan time
Initial column temperature
Initial column holding time
Column temperature program
Injector temperature.
Transfer line temperature.
Source temperature
Injector
Sample volume
Carrier gas
35 - 450 amu
0 5 sec/scan
35'C
3 5 mm
35"C at 10-C/min
Final column temperature hold- 275°C
275"C
275"C
250°C
Cool-on-column at 35'C
1 uL of sample extract
Hydrogen 9 50 ml/mm
The column should be 30 m by 0 25 mm I.D.. 1-um film
thickness silicon-coated fused silica capillary column
(J&W Scientific DB-5 or equivalent)
Additional Information on Actual System Used
Equipment. Hewelett Packard 5987A GC/MS
(Operators Manual Revision B)
Software Package AQUARIUS NBS library
available
The column used was the J&W scientific DB-5
silica capillary column It is 60 meters with a
0 32 mm capillary column inner diameter and a 1 0
urn f 11m
-------
Table D-4
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUE
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
Spike Constituent (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (%) (ppb) (ppb) %
VOLATILES
~~4~Binzene <2 25 22.6 90 25 21.2 85
7. Carbon Tetrachloride **
9. Chlorobenzene <2 25 24.8 99 25 25 100
14. Chloroform **
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane **
D
g 23. 1,2-Dichloroethane **
24. 1,1-Dichloroethylene <2 25 21.2 85 25 19.4 78
42. Tetrachloroethene **
43. Toluene **
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane **
*Percent recovery = 100 x (Ci - C0)/Ct, where GI = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and
Ct = amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based on
the lower average percent recovery of the volatile constituents. The lower average percent recovery is
94$ from the duplicate sample result.
-------
Table D-4 (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUE
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
Spike Constituent (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (%) (ppb) (ppb) %
VOLATILES (Continued)
47. Trichloroethene <2 25 26.8 107 25 28 112
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR VOLATILES 95 94
SEMIVOLATILES (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
52. Acenaphthene <2 50 55 110 50 55 110
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether +
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) +
phthalate
88. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <2 50 45 90 50 49.5 99
98. Di-n-butylphthalate +
102. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene <50 50 53.5 107 50 55 110
105. N-Nitroso-di-n-
propylamine <5 50 60 120 50 65 130
*Percent recovery = 100 x (C^ - Co)/Ct, where C^ = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and
Ct = amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based on
the lower average percent recovery of the volatile constituents. The lower average percent recovery is
94% from the duplicate sample result.
+No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based
on the lower average percent recovery of the semivolatile (base/neutral) constituents. The lower
average percent recovery is 103? from the duplicate sample result.
-------
I
H1
tS3
(ppb)
Spike Constituent
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenan threne
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro- +
benzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <5
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR
SEMIVOLATILES (BASE/NEUTRAL)
Table D-4 (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUE
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
(ppb)
11)
(ppb)
<2
50
50
60
37.5
120
75
104
50
50
46
40
92
80
103
*Percent recovery = 100 x (C^ - Co)/Ct, where Cj[ = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and
Ct = amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based on
the lower average percent recovery of the volatile constituents. The lower average percent recovery is
94/5 from the duplicate sample result.
+No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based
on the lower average percent recovery of the semivolatile (base/neutral) constituents. The lower
average percent recovery is 103$ from the duplicate sample result.
-------
o
CO
Table D-5
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Sample Result _ Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
Spike Constituent (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (%) (ppb) (ppb) %
VOLATILES
4.
7.
9.
14.
21.
22.
23.
24.
42.
43.
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
1 , 1-Dichlor6ethylene
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
*Percent recovery = 100 x (C
<2 25
**
<2 25
ft*
ft*
**
**
<2 25
ft*
»*
'i - C0)/Ct, where C
21 84 25 17 68
29 116 25 23 92
12 48 25 11 44
i = amount recovered, Co = original amount found
= amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery used for this constituent in the
proposed rule is based on the lowest percent recovery of the volatile constituents. The lowest percent
recovery is 44/5 from 1 , 1-dichloroethylene.
-------
Table D-5 (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
Spike Constituent (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (%) (ppb) (ppb) %
VOLATILES (Continued)
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane **
47. Trichloroethene <2 25 21 84 25 27 108
SEMIVOLATILES (Base/Neutral Fraction)
52. Acenaphthene <5 50 51 102 50 51 102
a 68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether ***
i
^ 88. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <2 50 34 68 50 35 70
98. Di-n-buty phthalate ***
102. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene <2 50 43 86 50 42 84
105. N-Nitroso-di-N-
propyLamine <5 50 50 100 50 46 92
109. Fluorene ***
*Percent recovery = 100 x (C^ - C0)/Ct, where C| = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and
Ct = amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery used for this constituent in
the proposed rule is based on the lowest percent recovery of the volatile constituents. The lowest
percent recovery is 44$ from 1,1-dichloroethylene.
***No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery used for this constituent in
the proposed rule is based on the lowest percent recovery of the base/neutral fraction semivolatiles.
The lowest percent recovery of 60/J is from 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
-------
Table D-5 (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
Spike Constituent (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (%) (ppb) (ppb) %
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
110. Hexachlorobenzene ***
113. Hexachloroethane ***
121. Naphthalene ***
136. Pentachlorobenzene ***
G
£ 141. Phenanthrene ***
145. Pyrene <2 50 43 86 50 43 86
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene ***
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <10 50 30 60 50 34 68
•Percent recovery = 100 x (Cj. - Co)/Ct, where Ci = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and
Ct = amount spiked.
***No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery used for this constituent in
the proposed rule is based on the lowest percent recovery of the base/neutral fraction semivolatiles.
The lowest percent recovery of 6Q% is from 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
-------
Table D-6
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
Accuracy Correction Factor*
Regulated Pollutant
Kiln Ash Residue
Total Concentration
7. Carbon tetrachloride 1.06
9. Chlorobenzene 1.01
14. Chloroform 1.06
21. Dichlorodifluoromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 1.06
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 1.06
42. Tetrachloroethene 1.06
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1.06
47. Trichloroethene 0.93
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 0.97
70. Bis(2-ethyIhexyl)phthalate 0.97
88. p-Dichlorobenzene 1.11
98. Di-n-butylphthalate 0.97
109. Fluorene 9.97
110. Hexachlorobenzene 0.97
113. Hexachloroethane 0.97
121. Naphthalene 0.97
136. Pentachlorobenzene 0.97
141. Phenanthrene 0.97
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 0.97
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1.33
Scrubber Water**
Total Concentration
Proposed Considered
2.27
1
2.
.09
.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
1.19
1.67
1.47
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.28
1.09
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.19
1.19
1.47
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.67
*The Accuracy Corrrection factor is equal to 100 divided by the Percent
Recovery.
**Accuracy correction factors determined by the method used in the proposed
rule and the method considered for the final rule are presented here.
D-16
-------
Table D-7
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount
Amount Found Spiked
Spike Constituent
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon Tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
21. Dichlorodifluoromethane **
M 22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
24. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
*Percent recovery = 100 x
= amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery determined for this constituent
to be considered for the final rule is based on the lower average percent recovery of the volatile
constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 78/5 from the duplicate sample result.
+No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery determined for this constituent
to be considered for the final rule is based on the lower average percent recovery of the semivolatile
(base/neutral) constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 84? from both sample results.
Original Amount
Amount Found Spiked
(ppb) (ppb)
<2 25
**
<2 25
»*
ane **
*«
**
<2 25
**
*#
(Ci - C0)/Ct, where
Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
(ppb) (%) (ppb) (ppb) %
21 84 25 17 68
29 116 25 23 92
12 48 25 11 44
Ci = amount recovered, Co = original amount found
-------
o
M
00
Table D-7 (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original
Amount Found
Spike Constituent (ppb)
VOLATILES (Continued)
45. 1, 1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
**
<2
Amount
Spiked
(ppb)
25
Amount
Recovered
(ppb)
21
AVERAGE PERCENT RECOVERY FOR VOLATILE
SEMI VOLATILES (Base/Neutral
52. Acenaphthene
Fraction)
<5
50
51
Percent*
Recovery
<*)
84
83
102
Amount
Spiked
(ppb)
25
50
Amount
Recovered
(ppb)
27
51
Percent*
Recovery
%
108
78
102
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether +
88 . 1 , 4-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butylphthalate
102. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
105. N-Nitroso-di-n-
<2
+
<2
<5
50
50
50
34
43
50
68
86
100
50
50
50
35
42
46
70
84
92
propylamine
"Percent recovery = 100 x (C^ - Co)/Ct, where C^ = amount recovered, C0 = original amount found, and
Ct = amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery determined for this constituent
to be considered for the final rule is based on the lower average percent recovery of the volatile
constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 78% from the duplicate sample result.
+No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery determined for this constituent
to be considered for the final rule is based on the lower average percent recovery of the semivolatile
(base/neutral) constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 84% from both sample results.
-------
Table D-7 (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent* Amount Amount Percent*
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
Spike Constituent (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (%) (ppb) (ppb) %
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
109. Fluorene +
110. Hexachlorobenzene +
113. Hexachloroethane +
121. Naphthalene +
136. Pentachlorobenzene +
o
(-• 141. Phenanthrene +
VD
145. Pyrene <2 50 43 86 50 43 86
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro- +
benzene
y
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <10 50 30 60 50 34 68
AVERAGE PERCENT RECOVERY FOR 84 84
SEMIVOLATILES (BASE/NEUTRALS)
•Percent recovery = 100 x (Ci - Co)/Ct, where C^ = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and
Ct = amount spiked.
**No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery determined for this constituent
to be considered for the final rule is based on the lower average percent recovery of the volatile
constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 78/5 from the duplicate sample result.
+No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery determined for this constituent
to be considered for the final rule is based on the lower average percent recovery of the semivolatile
(base/neutral) constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 84$ from both sample results.
-------
O
N>
O
Table D-8
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards in Proposed Rule
Waste Code: K019
(Scrubber Meter Composition]
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical value B for constituents which were
detected 1n the untreated or the treated waste, using the accuracy correction fectors*(ACF). Note that
when a constituent Is not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value Is set equal to the
detection limit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection Halts ere labeled "a" end "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
7.
9.
Constituent
Carbon tetrachlorlde
unadjusted value (ng/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ng/l)**
Chlorofaanzene
unadjusted value (no/I)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value [mg/l}*»
1
0.002
dl
8.273
0.005
0.002
dl
1.087
0.008
2
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
3
0.002
dl
2.873
0.005
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
4
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.008
dl
1.087
0.002
5
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
B
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
14. Chloroform
21
22
unadjusted value (ng/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ing/1)**
.Dlchlorodlf luorome thane
unadjusted value (BO/I]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (MO/I)**
.1 ,1-01 chloroe thane
unadjusted value (MO/I)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted velue (mg/l)**
0.00?
dl
2.273
O.OOS
0.008
dl
8.273
0.005
0.002
dl
S.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.008
dl
2.273
0.005
0.004
a
2.273
0.010
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.014
a
2.273
0.032
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
* Accurecy Correction Factors are presented in Table D-6.
*• Adjusted velue = (Unadjusted velue) x (ACF)
-------
O
ho
Table D-8 (Cont.)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards In Proposed Rule(Cont.)
Waste Coda: K019
[Scrubber Mater Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which were
detected In the untreated or the treated waste, using the eccurecy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
when a constituent Is not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value Is set equal to the
detection Unit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection limits are labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
83
42
43
45
47
Constituent
.1 f2-01chloroe thane
unedjuated value («g/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value [mfl/U**
.Tetrachloroe thane
unadjusted value (mg/1)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ing/ 1)**
.Toluene
unadjusted value (mg/1)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ajg/l)**
.1 ,1 ,1-THchloroe thane
unadjusted value (a>g/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value tug/I)**
.Trlchloroethena
unadjusted value (ing/I)
e or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/l)**
1
0.008
dl
2.273
0.005
0.008
dl
2.273
0.005
0.008
dl
8.873
0.005
0.008
dl
8.873
0.005
0.002
dl
1.190
0.008
2
0.008
dl
8.873
0.005
0.008
dl
8.873
0.005
0.003
a
8. 273
0.007
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
1.190
0.008
3
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.008
dl
2.273
0.005
0.003
a
8.873
O.OOB
0.002
dl
8.873
0.005
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
4
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.005
a
2.273
0.010
0.002
dl
8.873
0.005
0.002
dl
1.190
0.008
5
0.002
dl
8.873
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.873
0.005
0.008
dl
2.273
0.005
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
6
0.008
dl
2.873
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
2.273
0.005
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented In Table D-6.
** Adjusted value = [Unadjusted value) x (ACF)
-------
Table D-8 (Cont.)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards 1n Proposed Rule(Cont.)
Waste Code: K019
(Scrubber Water Composition]
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which were
detected 1n the untreated or the treated waste, using the accuracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
•hen a constituent 1e not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value 1s set equal to the
detection Unit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection limits ere labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
tsi
K>
68.
88.
98.
Constituent
B1s(2-chloroethy I lather
unadjusted value (mg/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (no/I]**
p-01 chlorobenzene
unadjusted value (ng/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ng/l)**
Dl-n-butyl phthelate
unadjusted value (MO/ I)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (•g/l)**
1
0.002
dl
1.867
0.003
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
2
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.008
a
1.8B7
0.011
3
0.002
dl
1.867
0.003
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.005
a
1.667
0.008
4
0.002
dl
1.867
0.003
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.004
a
1.887
0.007
5
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.003
a
1.667
0.005
6
0.002
dl
1.667
0.003
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.003
a
1.687
0.004
109.Fluorene
unadjusted value (ng/l)
e or dl
ACF
adjusted value (•g/l)**
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.002
dl
1.687
0.003
0.002
dl
1.667
0.003
0.002
dl
1.867
0.003
110. He xachloro banana
unadjusted value (no/I)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/ll**
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.010
dl
1.667
0.017
0.010
dl
1.667
0.017
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
* Accuracy Correction Fectors are presented In Teble D-6.
** Adjusted value = (Unedjusted value) x (ACF)
-------
Table D-8 (Cont.)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards In Proposed Rule(Cont.)
Waste Coda: K019
(Scrubber Water Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which Mere
detected 1n the untreated or the treated waste, using the accuracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
•hen a constituent 1s not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value 1s set equal to the
detection Halt. The unadjusted analytical values end detection Units ere labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
a
113.
121.
136.
141.
14B.
Constituent
Hexachloroethana
unadjusted value (MO/ I)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (•g/l)**
Naphthalene
unadjusted value (•g/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value do/I)**
Pantachloro benzene
unadjusted value [ng/l]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value lag/I)**
Phenanthrene
unadjusted value (•g/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value l«g/l]**
,1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
unadjusted value [ng/l]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value («g/l)**
1
0.010
dl
1.B87
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
2
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
3
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
4
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
5
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.887
0.003
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
8
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.BB7
0.003
0.010
dl
1.887
0.017
0.002
dl
1.BB7
0.003
0.005
dl
1.867
0.008
* Accuracy Correction Factors ere presented 1n Table D-8.
** Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value] x (ACF]
-------
Table D-8 (Cont.">
Calculation of BUT Treatment Standards In Proposed Rule(Cont.)
Waste Coder K019
(Scrubber Water Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which were
detected 1n the untreated or the treated waste, using the accuracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
•hen a constituent Is not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value Is set equal to the
detection Unit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection Units are labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
150.1
Constituent
,2,4-TMchlorobenzene
unadjusted value (DO/ I)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (i»g/l)*«
1
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
2
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
3
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
4
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
5
0.005
dl
1.687
0.008
8
0.005
dl
1.887
0.008
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented In Table D-8.
** Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value) x (ACF)
-------
M
Ul
Table D-9<
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards Considered In Promulgation
Waste Code: K019
(Scrubber Hater Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which were
detected In the untreated or the treated Baste, using the accuracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
•hen a constituent 1s not detected 1n the ash the unadjusted analytical value 1s set equal to the
detection limit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection Units are labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sanple Set
7.
9.
14
21
22
Constituent
Carbon tetrachlorlde
unadjusted value (ng/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ng/l)**
Chlorobanzene
unadjusted value (ng/l]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ng/l)**
. Chi or of o raj
unadjusted value (ng/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjuatad value (no/I)**
.DIchlorodlfluoroBB thane
unadjusted value (ajg/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value tng/l)**
.1 ,1-Dlchloroe thane
unadjusted value (ng/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value («jg/l)**
1
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.0B7
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
2
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.0B7
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.882
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
3
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.004
a
1.282
0.008
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
4
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.014
a
1.282
0.018
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
5
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
S
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.087
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented In Teble D-6.
** Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value) x (ACF)
-------
0
to
Table D-9 (Cont.)'
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards Considered In Promulgation!Cont)
Waste Coda: K019
(Scrubber Mater Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which were
detected 1n the untreated or the treated waste, using the accuracy correction fectors*(ACF). Note that
when a constituent IB not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value la set equal to the
detection Halt. The unadjusted analytical values and detection llajlte ere Labeled "a" and "dl"f
respectively.
Sanpla Set
23
Constituent
.1, 2-01 chloroe thane
unadjusted value (*0/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted velue (ao/l)**
1
0.002
dl
1.2B2
0.003
2
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
3
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
4
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
5
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
8
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
48. Tatrachloroa thane
43
45
47
unadjuated value (MO/I)
e or dl
ACF
adjusted velue (aig/l)**
.Toluene
unadjusted value lmg/1]
a or dl
ACF
adjust* d value (•g/l)**
.1 ,1 t1-Tr1 ohloroa thane
unadjusted value (MO/I]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted velue (•g/l)**
.Trlchloroe thane
unadjusted value (•g/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (•fl/l)**
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.288
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.003
e
1.282
0.004
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.003
a
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.005
e
1.282
0.006
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.282
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
* Accuracy Correction Factors ere presented In Table D-6.
••Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value) x (ACF]
-------
Table D-9 (Cont.)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards Considered In Promulgetlon(Cont)
Waste Coda: K019
(Scrubber Water Composition]
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which were
ditected In the untreated or the treated •astel using the accuracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
•hen e constituent Is not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value Is set equal to the
detection Unit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection limits ere labeled "a" end "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
Constituent
B8.Bl8(2-chloroethyl]ether
unedjusted value (mo/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ma/l)**
88. p-01 chl orobe nzena
unadjusted value [mg/D
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mp/l)**
98.D1-n-butyl phthalate
unadjusted value (mo/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/l)**
109.Fluorene
unadjusted value (mg/l]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/l)**
HO.Haxachlorobenane
unadjusted value (mp/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/l)**
1
0.008
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.010
dl
1.190
0.012
2
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
O.OOB
a
1.190
0.008
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.010
dl
1.190
0.012
3
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.005
a
1.190
0.005
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.010
dl
1.190
0.012
4
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.004
e
1.190
0.005
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.010
dl
1.190
0.012
5
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.003
a
1.190
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.010
dl
1.190
0.012
8
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.002
dl
1.471
0.003
0.003
a
1.190
0.003
0.002
dl
1.190
0.002
0.010
dl
1.190
0.012
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented In Table D-6.
** Adjusted value = [Unadjusted value) x I ACF)
-------
Table D-9 (Cont.)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards Considered 1n Pro»ulget1on(Cont)
Waste Co del K019
(Scrubber Water Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents »h1ch were
detected In the untreated or the treated «astef using the accurecy correction factors*(ACFJ. Note that
•hen a constituent IB not detected In the esh the unadjusted analytical valua Is set equal to the
detection limit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection Units are labeled "a" end "dl",
respectively.
Sanple Sat
N3
00
113
181
138
141
148
Constituent
. He xachloroe thane
unadjusted value (•g/l)
e or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ng/l)**
.Naphthalene
unadjusted value (no/ 1)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (•ft/I)**
. Rantachl orobe nzene
unadjusted valua (•ft/I)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (KB/I]**
.Phenanthrene
unadjusted valua (•g/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ng/l)**
.1 ,2,4,5-TetrachlorobenzBne
unadjusted value [mg/l]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (ng/l)**
1
0.010
dl
1.180
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.002
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.002
dl
1.190
0.008
0.005
dl
1.190
0.006
2
0.010
dl
1.100
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
o.ooa
dl
1.190
0.008
3
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.005
dl
1.190
0.006
4
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.005
dl
1.190
0.006
5
0.010
dl
1.180
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.005
dl
1.190
0.008
B
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.010
dl
1.190
0.018
0.008
dl
1.190
0.008
0.005
dl
1.190
0.008
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented In Teble D-6,
** Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value] x (ACF)
-------
Table D-9 (Cont.)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards Considered In Pronulgatlon(Cont)
Waste Code! K019
[Scrubber Water Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which were
detected In the untreated or the treated waste, using the accuracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
•hen a constituent 1s not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value 1s set equal to the
detection Halt. The unadjusted analytical values and detection I1a>1ts are labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Smple Sat
150.1
Constituent
,2,4-TrlchLorobenzene
unadjusted value (•p/l)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (no/I)**
1
0.005
dl
1.667
0.008
e
0.005
dl
1.667
0.006
3
0.005
dl
1.687
0.008
4
0.005
dl
1.687
0.008
5
0.005
dl
1.667
0.008
8
0.005
dl
1.667
0.008
' Accuracy Correction Factors are presented In Table D-8.
*• Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value) x (ACF)
-------
0
u>
o
Table D-10
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards
Waste Code: K019
(Rotary Kiln Incinerator Ash Composition]
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which are
detected In the untreated or treated waste using the acurracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
when a constituent Is not detected In the esh the unadjusted analytical value is set equal to the
detection limit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection limits are labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
7.
9.
14
22
S3
Constl tuant
Carbon tetrachlorlde
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg]**
Chlorobenzene
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg]**
.Chloroform
unadjusted value (mg/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg]**
.1 ,1-01 chloroe thane
unadjusted value (mg/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg]**
.1 ,2-01 ch I oroe thane
unadjusted value (mg/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
1
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.010
2.020
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.084
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2
2,000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.010
2.020
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2. 128
3
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.010
2.020
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
4
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.010
2.020
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.084
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
5
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.010
2.020
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
6
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.010
2.020
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.084
2.128
2.000
dl
1.084
2.128
* Accurecy Correction Factors are presented In Table D-6
** Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value] x (ACF]
-------
U)
Table D-10 (Continued)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards (Continued]
Waste Code: K019
(Rotary Kiln Incinerator Ash Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which are
detected in the untreated or treated waste using the acurracy correction factors*(ACF). Mote that
when a constituent is not detected in the ash the unadjusted analytical velue is set equal to the
detection limit. The unedjusted analytical values and detection limits ere labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
42
45
47
68
70
Const) tuent
.Te traohl oroe thene
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
.1 ,1 ,1-TMchloroe thane
unadjusted value (mg/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted velue (mg/kg)**
.Tri chloroe thene
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
.B1e(2-chloroetnyl]ether
unadjusted value ( mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
. B1s(2-ethylhexyl)phthslate
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted velue (mg/kg)**
1
2.000
dl
1.084
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
0.935
1.869
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
3.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
0.935
1.869
2.000
dl
0.971
1.943
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
3
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
0.935
1.869
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
4
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
0.935
1.869
2.00Q
dl
0.971
1.942
12.000
a
0.971
11.650
5
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
0.935
1.869
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2. 000
dl
0.971
1.942
6
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
1.064
2.128
2.000
dl
0.935
1.869
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented in Table D-6
** Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value] x [ACF)
-------
Table D-10 (Continued)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards [Continued]
Waste Code: K019
(Rotary Kiln Incinerator Ash Composition]
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for constituents which are
detected in tha untreated or treated waste using the acurracy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
when a constituent is not detected in the ash the unadjusted analytical value is set equel to the
detection limit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection limits are labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
OJ
N3
98.
109
110
113
121
Constituent
D1-n-butyl phthalate
unadjusted value [mo/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
. Fluorene
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value [mg/kg)**
. Hexachlorobenzene
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value [mg/kg]**
.Hexachloroe thane
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
.Naphthalene
unadjusted value [mg/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
1
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
3
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
4
S30.000
a
0.971
223.301
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
5
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
B
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented in Table D-6
** Adjusted value = (Unadjusted value] x [ACF]
-------
Table D-10 (Continued)
Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards (Continued)
Waste Code: K019
(Rotary Kiln Incinerator Ash Composition)
This table presents the calculations of the corrected analytical values for consti tuents which are
detected in the untreated or treated waste using the acurrecy correction factors*(ACF). Note that
when a constituent is not detected In the ash the unadjusted analytical value is set equal to the
detection limit. The unadjusted analytical values and detection limits are labeled "a" and "dl",
respectively.
Sample Set
136
141
148
150
Const! tuent
.Pentaohlorobanzans
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value [mg/kg]**
.Phenanthrene
unadjusted value (mg/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg]**
.1 f2,4r5-Tetrachlorobanzene
unadjusted value (mg/kg]
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value (mg/kg)**
.1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzane
unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
adjusted value [mg/kgj**
1
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
5.000
dl
0.971
4.854
5.000
dl
1.333
6.667
2
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
5.000
dl
0.971
4.854
5.000
dl
1.333
6.667
3
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
5.000
dl
0.971
4.854
5.000
dl
1.333
6.667
4
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
5.000
dl
0.971
4.854
5.000
dl
1.333
6.667
5
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
5.000
dl
0.971
4.854
5.000
dl
1.333
6.667
6
10.000
dl
0.971
9.709
2.000
dl
0.971
1.942
5.000
dl
0.971
4.854
5.000
dl
1.333
6.667
* Accuracy Correction Factors are presented in Table D-6
** Adjusted value= (Unadjusted value) x
-------
Appendix E
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
Page
List of boiling points for constituents of interest. E-1
List of bond dissociation energies for constituents of interest. E-2
Calculation of thermal conductivity for waste treated at Plant A. E-3
-------
APPENDIX E
CONSTITUENT BOILING POINTS
Constituent
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
12. Chloroethane
14. Chloroform
15. Chloromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
226. Ethyl benzene
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethane
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
137. Pentachloroethane
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Boiling Point (°C) Reference Number
76.7-77
131-132
12-12.3
61-62
(-24)-(-23.7)
57-57.3
83-84
136.25
146.5-147
121
74-74.1
113-114
86.7-87
178
385
180.5-181
174-174.12
340
295
323-326
210-220
234
186.8-187
209-210
217.9-218
275-277
161-162
340
246
213
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
1 = Merck Index (Reference 15).
2 = Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals (Reference 16).
3 = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Reference 1J).
E-l
-------
APPENDIX E
BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGIES
Constituent
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
12. Chloroethane
14. Chloroform
15. Chloromethane
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
115. Hexachloropropene
121. Naphthalene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
137. Pentachloroethane
141. Phenanthrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Bond Dissociation Energy
347
1320
665
350
380
645
645
605
461
625
625
481
1290
6610
1325
1325
4340
2700
1310
853
1020
565
710
2095
1310
585
2900
1320
1320
Sources:
Sanderson, R.T. Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy (Reference 14).
Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (Reference 12).
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Reference 17).
E-2
-------
CALCULATION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR
WASTE TREATED AT PLANT A
Calculation of weight fractions of K019 and RCRA blend waste in the total feed
stream:
From the Rollins OER (Reference 10) K019 waste and RCRA blend waste
each comprised approximately 50 percent of the total waste stream.
X K019 = 50$
X RCRA = 50%
Major constituent analysis;
From sections 2.1.2 and 2.2.2 in the Rollins OER (Reference 10) the
major constituent composition of K019 and RCRA blend is as follows:
Constituent K019 (%) RCRA (%}
Water 2 50
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 4
1,2-Dichloroethane 10
Chlorinated Solvents — 10
Oil — 39
Other BOAT Constituents 2 1
Other Organic Constituents 82
Since the thermal conductivities of organic constituents are simi-
lar, the major constituent analysis can be simplified as follows:
Constituent K019 (%) RCRA (%)
Water 2 50
Organic Constituents 98 11
Oil -- 39
E-3
-------
Major constituent composition of the total waste stream:
The composition of the total waste stream is calculated as follows:
% Water = (% water in K019)(X K019) + (% water in RCRA)(X RCRA)
= (2)(0.50) + (50)(0.50)
= 26
% Organics = (ftorganics in K019)(X K019) + (% organics in RCRA)
(X RCRA)
= (98X0.50) + (11X0.50)
= 54
% Oil = (% oil in K019)(X K019) + (% oil in RCRA)(X RCRA)
= (0)(0.50) + (39)(0.50)
= 20
Thermal conductivity (k) of major constituents:
From Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (Reference 18) the thermal
conductivities (k) for the major constituents are:
k water = 0.329 BTU/hr ft °F § 54°F
k organics = 0.10 BTU/hr ft °F @ 68°F
k gasoline = 0.078 BTU/hr ft °F @ 86°F
In the absence of thermal conductivity values for oil we have used
the thermal conductivity value for gasoline for the purposes of this
calculation. The thermal conductivity of organics represents an
average thermal conductivity for organic compounds.
Calculations of the overall waste thermal conductivity:
Using the major constituent compositions of the total waste stream
and the thermal conductivities presented above, the calculations of
the overall waste thermal conductivity is as follows:
k overall = (% water) (k water) + (% Oil)(k gasoline) +
(% organics)(k organics)
= (0.26X0.329 BTU/hr ft °F) + (0.20)(0.0?8 BTU/hr
ft °F) + (0.54X0.10 BTU/hr ft °F)
=0.16 BTU/hr ft °F
E-4
-------
APPENDIX F
DETECTION LIMITS FOR UNTREATED WASTES
-------
TABLE 6-2A: KQ19 WASTE BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT DETECTION LIMITS (VOLATILES]
BOAT CONSTITUENT
DETECTION LIMIT **
SAMPLE SET #1
DETECTION LIMIT **
SAMPLE SETS #2 THROUGH #6
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS:
1
2
3
4
5
8
7
a
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
37
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
48
47
48
49
Acetoni tri la
Acrolei n
Acryloni tri le
Benzene
Bromodi chlorous thane
Bromomethane
Carbon tatrachloride
Carbon disulfida
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1 ,3-outadiene
Chlorodibr cm one thane
Ch 1 a roe thane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chi orome thane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chlorapropane
1,2-Oibromoe thane
Dlbronomethana
Trans-1 ,4-di chloro-2-butene
Dichlorodi f I uor one than a
1 ,1-Di chloroethane
1 ,2-Oiohloroa thane
1 ,1-Oichloroethy lena
Trans-1 ,2-dichloroathene
1 f2-0ichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-di chloropropene
ci s-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
1 f4-0ioxane
Ethy L cyani de
Ethyl methacrylate
lodomethane
Isobutyl alcohol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Me thy lacry loni tri le
Methylene chloride
1 ,1 ,1 f2-Tatrachloroethane
1,1 ,2,2-Tatrachloroethane
Tetrechloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane
1 »1 F1— Tri chloroethane
1F1 ,2-Trichloroethana
Tri chloroe thane
Tri chloromonof luoromethana
1 ,2,3-Tri chloropropane
[ppm]
1000
10000
1000
2000
200
200
2000
NA
2000
200
200
200
NA
2000
200
200
200
200
200
10000
200
2000
2000
200
200
500
500
500
NA
10000
200
200
200
1000
200
1000
1000
200
2000
2000
200
200
200
2000
2000
200
500
[ppm]
10000
100000
10000
2000
2000
2000
2000
NA
2000
2000
2000
2000
NA
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
10000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
5000
5000
• 5000
NA
100000
2000
2000
2000
10000
2000
10000
10000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
5000
F-l
-------
TABLE 6-2A: K019 WASTE BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT DETECTION LIMITS [VOLATILES]
DETECTION LIMIT ** DETECTION LIMIT **
BOAT CONSTITUENT SAMPLE SET #1 SAMPLE SETS #2 THROUGH #6
50
79
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Vinyl chloride
3-chLoroppopioni tri La +
Acetone
AUyl alcohol
Ethyl benzene
Ethylena oxi da
2— Hexanone
Malononi trila
4-Me thy l-2-pantanone
2-Propyn-1-ol
Styrane
Trichlopome thane thiol
Vinyl acetate
Xylene [total]
200
NA
1000
NA
200
NA
1000
NA
1000
NA
200
NA
200
200
2000
NA
10000
NA
2000
NA
10000
NA
10000
NA
2000
NA
2000
2000
NA The standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS
library database of 42,000 compounds.
* This constituent is not on the list of constituents in the GENERIC QUALITY
ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FOR LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS PROGRAM ("BDAT"]i
EPA/530-SW-B7-Q11, March 1987. It is a ground-mater monitoring constituent
as listed in Appendix IX, Page 26639, of the FEDERAL REGISTER, Vol. 51, No. 142.
** Sample set #1 was diluted by a factor of ten, analyzed, and quantitated.
Even at this dilution, several target analytes were outside the calibration
range. These analytes were quantitated after reanalysis of the sample at a
dilution factor of 100. The detection limits fop sample set #1 are based
on the ten factor dilution. Because sample set #2 through #6 were similar
matrices to that of sample set #1, they were diluted by a factor of 100
before any analyses were performed.
+ The compound appears in the CLERIC QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
as a semivolatile constituent but was analyzed as a volatile constituent.
F-2
-------
TABLE 6-2B: K019 WASTE BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT DETECTION LIMITS (NON-VOLATILES)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
DETECTION LIMIT
BOAT CONSTITUENT
DETECTION LIMIT
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS:
36 Methyl methanesulfonata +
39 Pyridine +
51 AcanaphthaLena
52 Acenaphthena
53 Acetaphenone
54 2-Acetylaminofluorane
55 4-Aminobipheny I
56 Aniline
57 Anthracene
58 Aramite
59 Benz(a]anthracena
60 Banzanethiol
61 Benzidine
62 Benzota] pyrene
63 Benzo(b)fluaranthene
64 Benzo(g,h,1]perylene
65 Benzofk]fluoranthene
6G p-Benzoquinone
67 Bis(2-chloroethoxy]athene
68 8is(2-chloroethyl]ether
69 Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
70 Bis(2-ethylhaxyl]phthalate
71 4-Broraophenyl phanyl athar
72 Butyl benzyl phthalata
73 2-sec-Buty 1-4,6-dini trophenol
74 p-Chloroaniline
75 Chlorobenzilata
76 p-Chloro-m-crssol
77 2-Chloronaphthalene
78 2-Chlorophenol
80 Chrysene
81 ortho—Cresol
82 para-Cresol
83 Dibanz[a,h]anthraC8ne
84 Oibenzo(a,e]pyrene
85 Di banzo( a, i ] pyrene
86 m-Dichlorobenzene
87 o—Oichlorabanzene
88 p-Dichlorobenzane
89 3f3'-Qichlorobenzidine
90 2r4-Dichlorophenol
91 2,6-Dichlorophenol
92 Oiethyl phthalata
93 3,3'-Dinethoxybenzidine
94 p-Oimethylaminoazobenzene
95 3f3'-Dimethylbenzidina
96 2,4-Oimethylphenol
[ppm]
50
100
10
10
10
NA
10
25
10
NA
10
NA
10
10
NA
25
10
NA
10
10
10
10
50
10
NA
25
NA
25
10
10
NA
10 -
10
10
NA
NA
10
10
10
50
25
25
10
50
25
NA
25
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS: [ppm]
97 Dimethyl phthalate 10
98 Di-n-butyl phthalata 10
99 1,4-Di nitrobenzene 50
100 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 250
101 2,4-Oini trophenol 250
102 2,4-Dinitrotoluane 250
103 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 50
104 Di-n-octyl phthalate 10
105 Di-n-propy Initrosoamine 25
106 D1 phe ny I ami ne 10
107 1,2-Oiphanylhydrazina 10
108 Fluoranthsne 10
109 Fluorana 10
110 Hexachlorobenzane 50
111 Hexachlorobutadiane 50
112 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 50
113 Hexachloroethane 50
114 Haxachlorophene NA
115 Haxachloropropena 50
116 Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene 10
117 Isosafrole NA
118 Methapyrilene NA
119 3-Methylcholanthrene NA
120 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroanHine] NA
121 Naphthalene 10
122 1,4-Naphthoquinona 10
123 1-Naphthylamina 10
124 2-Naphthylamine 10
125 p-Nitroani line 50
126 Nitrobenzene 25
127 4-Nitrophenol 50
128 N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 25
129 N-Nitrosodiethylamine 50
130 M-Nitrosodimethylamina 100
131 N-NitPosomethylethylamine NA
132 N-Ni trosonorpholine 50
133 N-Nitrosopiperidine 50
134 N-N1trosopyrrolidine 50
135 5-Nitro-o-toluidine NA
136 Pentachlorobenzene 50
137 Pentachloroethane 50
13S Pentachloronitrobanzene 50
139 Pentachlorophenol 250
140 Phenacetin 10
141 Phenanthrene 10
142 Phenol 10
143 2-Picolina 100
F-3
-------
TABLE 6-2B: KQ19 WASTE BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT DETECTION LIMITS (NON-VOLATILES)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
DETECTION LIMIT
BOAT CONSTITUENT
DETECTION LIMIT
SEMIVOLATILES [CONTINUED]:
144 Pranamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
148 1 ,2f4,5-Tetrachlorobanzene
149 2,3,4,6-Tatrachlorophenol
150 1,2r4-Trichlorobenzena
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Trichlorophanol
153 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyL] phosphate
* 7,12-Di me thy lbenz( a) anthracene
* a Iph,alpha-DimethyLphanathylamina
* Benzoic acid
* Benzyl alcohol
* 4-Chlorophenyl phanyl ether
* Dibanzofuran
* Dibanzo(a,h)pyrane
* Isophorana
* 2-Mathylnaphthalene
* 2-Nitroani line
* 3-Nitroaniline
* 2-Nitrophenol
* N-Ni trosodi phenylamine
[ppm]
50
10
NA
NA
25
50
25
50
50
NA
25
50
250
25
25
10
NA
10
10
50
50
50
10
METALS: [ppm]
154 Antimony g
155 Arsenic 0.2
156 Barium o.9
157 Beryllium Q.1
15B Cadmium g.3
159 Chromium Q.g
159 Chromium, hexavalant 0.2
160 Copper 1
161 Lead 0.2
162 Mercury 0.05
163 Nickel 2
164 Selenium 0.5
165 Silver 0.9
166 Thallium 0.2
167 Vanadium 2
168 Zinc 0.6
OTHER CONSTITUENTS:
169 Total Cyanide (ppm) 0.5
170 Fluoride (ppm) 5
171 Sulfide (ppm] 50
Chlorine [%] 0.3
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS:
Ash Content (%) 0.01
Heating Value [Btu/lb] 100
Total Solids [% residual) 0.05
Paint Filter Test [% free liquid] 0.5
NA The standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS library database of 42,000
compounds.
* This constituent is not on the list of constituents 1n the GENERIC QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
FOR LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS PROGRAM ["BOAT"], EPA/530-SW-87-011, March 19B7. It is a ground-water
monitoring constituent as listed in Appendix IX, Page 26639, of the FEDERAL REGISTER, Vol. 51, No. 142.
+ The compound appeers in the GENERIC QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN as a volatile constituent but
was analyzed as a semivolatila constituent.
F-4
-------
Errata - BOAT Background Document for
Chlorinated Organics Treatability Group
(K016. K018. K019. K020, K030) Volume 2
In this background document supporting the proposed rule for chlorinated
organic wastes K016, K018, K019, K020, and K030, EPA presented two methods for
calculation of BDAT treatment standards for wastewater:
(1) The currently accepted calculation method (referred to as the
method to be considered for promulgation in the background
document); and
(2) A second method based on an earlier calculation methodology
(referred to as the proposal method in the background docu-
ment) .
On April 8, 1988, EPA proposed BDAT treatment standards for K016, K018, K019,
K020, and K030 wastewaters based on the currently accepted calculation method
(53 Federal Register 11755, April 8, 1988). The following tables present the
correct treatment standards for wastewaters and supporting results for the
wastewater treatment standards that were proposed on April 8, 1988:
Table 4-3, page 4-12
Table 5-4, page 5-29
Table 6-13, page 6-30
Table 6-14, page 6-31
Table 6-15, page 6-32
Table 6-16, page 6-33
Table 6-17, page 6-34
Table 6-18, page 6-35
The reader is asked to disregard the following tables:
Wastewater treatment standards in the Executive Summary, page ix.
Table 4-2, page 4-11
Table 5-3 (wastewater portion only), page 5-28
Table 6-7, page 6-24
Table 6-8, page 6-25
Table 6-9, page 6-26
Table 6-10, page 6-27
Table 6-11, page 6-28
Table 6-12, page 6-29
Table 7-2, page 7-8
RTC/4
0418-02.rtc.1.1
------- |