EPA-670/2-75-050d
June 1975 Environmental Protection Technology Series
DIRECT FILTRATION OF
LAKE SUPERIOR WATER FOR
ASBESTIFORM FIBER REMOVAL
Appendix D
National Environmental Research Center
Office of Research and Development
U.S, Environmental Protection Agency
45288
-------
EPA-670/2-75-050d
June 1975
DIRECT FILTRATION OF LAKE SUPERIOR
WATER FOR ASBESTIFORM FIBER REMOVAL
Appendix D
Head Loss and Turbidity Curves for Individual Filter Runs
By
Black § Veatch, Consulting Engineers
Kansas City, Missouri 64114
Program Element No. 1CB047
Contract No. DACW 37-74-C-0079
Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-D4-0388
USEPA, Region V and Corps of Engineers, St. Paul
Project Officer
Gary S. Logsdon
Water Supply Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
LI: ;ARY
U- -S. . - -si FvV AGENCY
-------
REVIEW NOTICE
The National Environmental Research Center Cincinnati
has reviewed this report and approved its publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the view
and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor
does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
-------
FOREWORD
Man and his environment must be protected from the adverse
effects of pesticides, radiation, noise, and other forms of pollution,
and the unwise management of solid waste. Efforts to protect the
environment require a focus that recognizes the interplay between
the components of our physical environment -- air, water, and
land. The National Environmental Research Centers provide this
multidisciplinary focus through programs engaged in
studies on the effects of environmental
contamination on man and the biosphere, and
a search for ways to prevent contamination
and to recycle valuable resources.
This report and its appendices present the results of pilot
plant filtration research for the removal of asbestiform fibers
from drinking water. The several appendices present detailed
information on water quality, pilot plant equipment and operation,
individual filter run data, asbestiform fiber and amphibole mass
concentrations in raw and filtered water, and diatomite filter
optimization. Appendix D is a compilation of all available graphs
of filter head loss and effluent turbidity.
A. W. Breidenbach, Ph.D.
Director
National Environmental
Research Center, Cincinnati
ill
-------
ABSTRACT
Pilot plant research conducted in 1974 at Duluth, Minnesota
demonstrated that asbestiform fiber counts in Lake Superior water
could be effectively reduced by municipal filtration plants. During
the study, engineering data were also obtained for making cost
estimates for construction and operation of both granular and
diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration plants ranging in size from 0.03
to 30 mgd.
In Appendix D, all graphs of filter headloss and effluent turbidity
as functions of the number of hours of filter operation are given.
These graphs and the individual filter run data presented in Appendix C
could be used to evaluate filter performance under circumstances in
which the production of clear, potable water is the goal, rather than
the removal of asbestiform fibers.
iv
-------
CONTENTS
Appendix
D-l Granular Media Filtration (MM-1) Head Loss
and Turbidity Curves 1
D-2 Granular Media Filtration (MM-2) Head Loss
and Turbidity Curves 45
D-3 Vacuum Diatomaceous Earth Filtration (BIF)
Head Loss and Turbidity Curves 114
D-4 Pressure Diatomaceous Earth Filtration (ERD)
Head Loss and Turbidity Curves 185
-------
APPENDIX D-l - GRANULAR MEDIA FILTRATION (MM-1) HEAD LOSS AND
TURBIDITY CURVES
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-670/2-75-050d
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DIRECT FILTRATION OF LAKE SUPERIOR WATER
FOR ASBESTIFORM FIBER REMOVAL
App endixD
7. AUTHOR(S) ~~~
5. REPORT DATE
June 1975; Issuing Date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Black § Veatch, Consulting Engineers
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Black § Veatch, Consulting Engineers
1500 Meadow Lake Parkway
Kansas City, Missouri 64114
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1CB047; ROAP 21AQB; Task 024
11.CONTRACT/8JUJ4XNO.
DACW 37-74-C-0079
IAG #EPA-IAG-D4-0388
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
National Environmental Research Center
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
This work conducted through interagency agreement between EPA Region V and the Corps
of Engineers, St. Paul District. See also EPA-670/2-75-050a, b, c, e, f, and g.
16. ABSTRACT ~~"~~~~~" ~~~
Pilot plant research conducted in 1974 at Duluth, Minnesota, demonstrated that
asbestiform fiber counts in Lake Superior water could be effectvely reduced by
municipal filtration plants. During the study, engineering data were also obtained
for making cost estimates for construction and operation of both granular and
diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration plants ranging in size from 0.03 to 30 mgd. In
Appendix D, all graphs of filter head loss and effluent turbidity as functions of
the number of hours of filter operation are given. These graphs and the individual
filter run data presented in Appendix C could be used to evaluate filter performance
under circumstances in which the production of clear, potable water is the goal,
rather than the removal of asbestiform fibers.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Mixed media filtration
Diatomaceous earth fil-
tration
Asbestiform
Chrysotile
Fiber removal
Duluth (Minnesota)
Lake Superior
c. COS AT l Field/Group
Asbestos
Amphiboles
Serpentine
Water supply
Filtration
Water treatment
Pilot plants
13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)'
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
235
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
229
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975-657-59V5397 Region No. 5-11
------- |