EPA-670/2-75-050d
June 1975               Environmental Protection Technology Series
                            DIRECT FILTRATION OF
                      LAKE SUPERIOR WATER  FOR
                   ASBESTIFORM  FIBER REMOVAL
                                         Appendix D
                                National Environmental Research Center
                                  Office of Research and Development
                                 U.S, Environmental Protection Agency
                                                  45288

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                                            EPA-670/2-75-050d
                                            June  1975
           DIRECT FILTRATION OF LAKE SUPERIOR

           WATER FOR ASBESTIFORM FIBER REMOVAL


                      Appendix D

Head Loss  and Turbidity Curves for Individual Filter Runs
                          By
          Black  § Veatch, Consulting Engineers
              Kansas City, Missouri  64114
               Program Element No.  1CB047
            Contract No. DACW 37-74-C-0079
          Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-D4-0388
    USEPA,  Region V and Corps of Engineers,  St.  Paul
                    Project Officer

                    Gary S. Logsdon
           Water Supply Research Laboratory
         National Environmental Research Center
                Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
         NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
          OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
          U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268
                  LI:   ;ARY
                  U- -S.    •.  -   -si FvV      AGENCY

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                          REVIEW NOTICE
     The National Environmental Research Center — Cincinnati
has reviewed this report and approved its publication.   Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect  the view
and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor
does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
                               ii

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                          FOREWORD
     Man and his environment must be protected from the adverse
effects of pesticides, radiation, noise, and other forms of pollution,
and the unwise management of solid waste.  Efforts to protect the
environment require a focus that recognizes the interplay between
the components of our physical environment -- air, water, and
land.  The National Environmental Research Centers provide this
multidisciplinary focus through programs engaged in

     •    studies on the effects of environmental
          contamination on man and the biosphere, and

     •    a search for ways to prevent contamination
          and to recycle valuable resources.

     This report and its appendices present the results of pilot
plant filtration research for the removal of asbestiform fibers
from drinking water.  The several appendices present detailed
information on water quality, pilot plant equipment and operation,
individual filter run data, asbestiform fiber and amphibole mass
concentrations in raw and filtered water, and diatomite filter
optimization.  Appendix D is a compilation of all available graphs
of filter head loss and effluent turbidity.
                                      A.  W.  Breidenbach,  Ph.D.
                                      Director
                                      National Environmental
                                      Research Center,  Cincinnati
                                 ill

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                            ABSTRACT
     Pilot plant research conducted in 1974 at Duluth, Minnesota
demonstrated that asbestiform fiber counts in Lake Superior water
could be effectively reduced by municipal filtration plants.  During
the study, engineering data were also obtained for making cost
estimates for construction and operation of both granular and
diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration plants ranging in size from 0.03
to 30 mgd.

     In Appendix D, all graphs of filter headloss and effluent turbidity
as functions of the number of hours of filter operation are given.
These graphs and the individual filter run data presented in Appendix C
could be used to evaluate filter performance under circumstances in
which the production of clear, potable water is the goal, rather than
the removal of asbestiform fibers.
                                   iv

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                             CONTENTS
Appendix
D-l      Granular Media Filtration (MM-1) Head Loss
           and Turbidity Curves                       1

D-2      Granular Media Filtration (MM-2) Head Loss
           and Turbidity Curves                      45

D-3      Vacuum Diatomaceous Earth Filtration (BIF)
           Head Loss and Turbidity Curves           114

D-4      Pressure Diatomaceous Earth Filtration (ERD)
           Head Loss and Turbidity Curves           185

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  APPENDIX  D-l - GRANULAR MEDIA FILTRATION  (MM-1) HEAD LOSS AND
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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
     EPA-670/2-75-050d
                             2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  DIRECT FILTRATION OF LAKE SUPERIOR WATER
  FOR ASBESTIFORM FIBER REMOVAL
  App endixD	
7. AUTHOR(S)                           ~~~
                                                         5. REPORT DATE
                                                          June 1975; Issuing  Date
                                                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  Black § Veatch,  Consulting Engineers
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Black § Veatch,  Consulting Engineers
  1500 Meadow  Lake Parkway
  Kansas City, Missouri  64114
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                           1CB047; ROAP 21AQB;  Task 024
                                                          11.CONTRACT/8JUJ4XNO.
                                                           DACW 37-74-C-0079
                                                           IAG #EPA-IAG-D4-0388
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  National Environmental Research Center
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Cincinnati, Ohio   45268
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                           Final
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  This work conducted through interagency agreement between  EPA Region V and the  Corps
  of Engineers,  St.  Paul District.  See  also EPA-670/2-75-050a,  b,  c, e, f, and g.
16. ABSTRACT            ~~"~~~~~"                                                          ~~~
  Pilot plant research conducted in  1974  at Duluth, Minnesota,  demonstrated that
  asbestiform fiber counts in Lake Superior water could be  effectvely reduced by
  municipal filtration plants.  During  the study, engineering  data were also obtained
  for making cost  estimates for construction and operation  of  both granular and
  diatomaceous  earth (DE)  filtration plants ranging in size from 0.03 to 30 mgd.   In
  Appendix D, all  graphs of filter head loss and effluent turbidity as functions  of
  the number of hours of filter operation are given.  These graphs and the individual
  filter run data  presented in Appendix C could be used to  evaluate filter performance
  under circumstances in which the production of clear, potable water is the goal,
  rather than the  removal  of asbestiform  fibers.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                               Mixed media filtration
                                               Diatomaceous earth  fil-
                                                 tration
                                               Asbestiform
                                               Chrysotile
                                               Fiber removal
                                               Duluth (Minnesota)
                                               Lake Superior	
                                                                       c.  COS AT l Field/Group
Asbestos
Amphiboles
Serpentine
Water supply
Filtration
Water treatment
Pilot plants
13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)'
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                                235
                                            20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                             229
                                                   U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975-657-59V5397  Region No. 5-11

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