May 1988 EPA-700/8-88-045
Hazardous Waste Ground-Water
Task Force
Evaluation of
Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Honolulu, Hawaii
UNrTED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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May 1988 EPA-700/8-88-045
Hazardous Waste Ground-Water
Task Force
Evaluation of
Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Honolulu, Hawaii
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May 1988 EPA-700/8-88-045
Hazardous Waste Ground-Water
Task Force
Evaluation of
Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Honolulu, Hawaii
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U.S. *V".!• •
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£50 ;.. - -
Chicago, J.
UNfTED STATES ENVFONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Executive Summary,
A. Introduction
B. Summary of Findings and Conclusions,
II. Technical Report,
A. Site Description
B. Investigative Methods
1. Facility Inspection
and Record Review
2. Sampling Audit
3. Sampling Program
C. Waste Management Units and Operation
1. RCRA Regulated Units
2. Solid Waste Management Units
D. Site Geology/Hydrogeology/Climate
1. Geomorphology
. 2. Geology
3. Hydrogeology •
4. Ground Water Occurrence and Use...*
5. Climate
E. Interim Status Ground Water Monitoring
1. Current Monitoring System
2. Well Construction and Location
3. Field Analysis of Monitoring Wells
4. Lysimeters
5. Sample Analysis Plan and Field Procedures
F. Waste Characteristics
G. Ground Water Quality.'.
1. Historical Data
2. Task Force Data
3. Ground Water Data Evaluation
III. Conclusions ,
A. Ground Water Monitoring System and
Hydrogeologic Site Characterization,
B. Sampling and Analysis Plan
C. Ground Water Quality ,
D. Site Design ,
Figures 1-5,
Appendix A ,
List of Ground Water Sample Parameters: Appendix IX
from 40 CFR 264 and RCRA Indicator Parameters
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iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Appendix B
Task Force Sampling Analysis Results
Appendix C
Task Force Sampling Plan
Appendix D
Task Force Sampling Documentation Report
Appendix E
Task Force Sampling Audit Report
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UPDATE OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTE GROUND WATER TASK FORCE
EVALUATION OF CHEVRON U.S.A.. INC.. HAWAIIAN REFINERY
The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Hazard-
ous Waste Ground Water Task Force and Region 9 Office, in con-
junction with the State of Hawaii, Department of Health (HDOH),
Environmental Protection and Health Services Division, recently
completed an evaluation of the ground water monitoring program at
Chevron's Hawaiian Refinery. The refinery is located near to the
Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor in the Ewa District of the City
and County of Honolulu.
Chevron is one of 58 facilities nationally which are being
evaluated by the Task Force. The purpose of the investigation
was to determine if Chevron was in compliance with applicable.
ground water monitoring requirements of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA). This investigation was conducted during
February 1987 and May 1987.
The evaluation concluded that the ground water monitoring program
at Chevron is inadequate since:
1. Chevron has not conducted sufficient hydrogeologic
site characterization to design an adequate ground water
monitoring system and to address contaminant source,
transport and fate;
2. There are no RCRA ground water monitoring wells in the
vicinity of the Flare Area Oily Basin or the Induced Air
Flotation (IAF) Pond (two of three then current RCRA
regulated units);
3. Chevron's existing wells are improperly designed and
constructed;
4. Chevron's sampling and analysis plan lacked necessary
detail to ensure consistent and appropriate sampling;
5. Chevron's sampling team did not always follow the
sampling and analysis plan;
6. The .design of the non-hazardous and hazardous waste
management units does not prevent fluid migration into
the ground water. Units are unlined and have been
excavated into permeable coral rock, and,
7. The ground water beneath the Refinery is contaminated
with petroleum related constituents.
At the time the investigation was conducted, Chevron had three
RCRA regulated units, namely the:
A. Land Treatment Unit (LTU) (which handles various other
non hazardous wastes and hazardous waste K051, API
Separator Sludge);
B. Flare Area Oily Basin (which holds some API Separator
Sludge, hazardous waste K051) and
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C. IAF Pond (which handles hazardous waste K048, Dissolved
Air Flotation (DAF) float for the petroleum refining
industry).
In September 1987, EPA determined that the IAF Pond was no longer
a RCRA regulated unit because the analytical data submitted by
Chevron showed that the K048 waste characterization was incor-
rect. This determination was also based on the fact that the IAF
Pond was not being used as the primary oil/water separator.
Therefore, as of June 1988, there are two RCRA regulated units at
the Refinery, namely the LTU and the Flare Area Oily Basin.
Because of EPA's subsequent determination that the IAF Pond is
not regulated under RCRA, the investigation findings on the ade-
quacy of the monitoring program'for this particular unit are- no
longer applicable. The conclusions of the investigation with
regard to the LTU and the Flare Area Oily Basin, however, are
still valid.
Chevron is currently seeking a RCRA Permit for the LTU. Chevron-
also intends to close the'Flare Area Oily Basin upon approval of
a closure plan by EPA.
EPA is currently reviewing Chevron's Part B Permit Application
and intends to issue a decision on Chevron's permit by September
1988.
Because of the findings of the investigation, which are still
valid for the LTU and the Flare Area Oily Basin, EPA will require
Chevron to:
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a. Conduct additional hydrogeologic characterization study
at the Refinery;
b. Properly install new ground water monitoring wells;
c. Revise sampling and analysis procedures;
d. Sample and analyze new monitoring wells on an accelerated
schedule, and,
e. Perform statistical tests comparing analytical data with
background data to determine if releases from waste
management units are affecting ground water quality.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
June 13, 1988
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. Introduction
This report summarizes the results of investigations
conducted during February and May, 1987 at the Chevron
U S.A., Inc. oil refinery in Honolulu County, Hawaii by the
U.S Environmental Protection Agency.
Operations at hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal (TSD) facilities are regulated by the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Regulations promulgated
pursuant to RCRA (40 CFR Parts 260 through 265, effective on
November 19, 1980 and subsequently modified) address hazardous
waste site operations including the monitoring of ground water
to ensure immediate detection of hazardous waste constituent
releases to the environment. The hazardous waste permit
program for TSD facilities is outlined in 40 CFR Part 270.
The Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) established a Hazardous Waste Ground Water Task
Force (Task Force) to evaluate compliance with the ground
water monitoring requirements at selected TSD facilities.
The Task Force is comprised of personnel from EPA Headquarters,
Regional Offices, and the States.
The principal objective of the inspection at the Chevron
refinery was to determine compliance with the requirements
of 40 CFR Part 265, Subpart F - Ground Water Monitoring.
Compliance with related requirements of Part 265 interim
status regulations,-Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of
RCRA, and appropriate State regulations were also investigated.
Additionally, the ground water monitoring program proposed
for final Part B permitting status was evaluated for compliance
with Part 270.14(c).
Recent amendments to the RCRA regulations (1984) require
facilities seeking a RCRA permit to address releases from
solid waste management units. Therefore, ground water monitoring
systems associated with any solid waste management units were
also evaluated.
The specific objectives of the investigation were to
determine if:
o The facility is in compliance with interim
status ground water monitoring requirements
of 40 CFR Part 265 Subpart F as promulgated
under RCRA.
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o The ground water monitoring program described
in the facility's RCRA Part B permit application
complies with 40 CFR Part 270.14(c).
o The ground water monitoring system can immediately
detect any statistically significant amounts of
hazardous waste or constituents that migrate from
the waste management areas to the uppermost aquifer
underlying the facility (265.91).
o Chevron has developed and implemented an adequate
ground water sampling and analysis plan (265.92).
o The ground water quality assessment program
outline or plan is adequate (265.93).
o Recordkeeping and reporting procedures for
ground water monitoring are adequate (265.94).
To accomplish these objectives, the Task Force investiga-
tion was divided into several components: ground water sampling
program; sampling audit; and record review.
The sampling program consisted of EPA sampling of selected
facility wells. The sampling audit was an EPA audit of facility
sampling procedures. The record review component was an
evaluation of facility ground water monitoring information
(e.g., water quality data, hydrogeological reports, monitoring
well designs, etc.).
Peter Rubenstein and Kenneth Yelsey of EPA Region 9 and
Daniel Sullivan of EPA Headquarters comprised the investigation
team. The Hawaii Department of Health was represented by
Daniel Chang, Grace Marcos, Cecilia Ornellas and Leslie
Segundo. The sampling of facility ground water monitoring
wells was conducted by Alicia Freitas, Mark McElroy, and Don
Paquette of Versar, Inc. of Springfield, VA.
tion
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B. Summary of Findings
The findings and conclusions presented in this report
reflect conditions and practices existing at the Chevron
refinery at the time of the Task Force investigation in
February and May, 1987.
1. Ground Water Monitoring System
The Task Force investigated the Interim Status ground water
monitoring program implemented by Chevron at their Hawaiian oil
refinery. The consensus opinion of the Task Force is that the
ground water monitoring program is not in compliance with 40 CFR
Part 265 Subpart F or 40 CFR Part 270.14(c).
Pursuant to 265.90 and 265.91 , an owner/operator of a
land disposal facility must implement a ground water monitoring
system capable of immediately detecting impacts on the quality
of ground water in the uppermost aquifer underlying the
facility. The following deficiencies were noted for Chevron's
ground water monitoring program.
o Well locations and designs were not based upon a
thorough hydrogeologic analysis of the uppermost
aquifer. Aquifer limits and characteristics were
not adequately defined. 265.90(a) and 270.14(c)(2)
o The existing background monitoring well (12) is
inadequate to determine background ground water
quality at the facility. 265.91(a)(l)
o The monitoring wells for two RCRA waste management
units were located too distant to immediately detect
releases. 265.91(a)(2)
o Well construction and completion records were
missing or incomplete. 270.14(c)(5)
o The monitoring wells were either silted in or
yielded extremely turbid samples indicating
improper well design. 265.91(c)
o Annular seals and concrete aprons were not
present around the wells. Well screen material
is unacceptable since it may affect the quality
of ground water samples. 265.91(c)
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Pursuant to 270.14(c), an owner/operator must submit an
application for a Part B RCRA Permit which includes a proposed
ground water monitoring system capable of meeting 264 Subpart F
requirements. The ground water monitoring system proposed by
Chevron does not meet these requirements. Chevron has failed
to adequately characterize the aquifer system beneath its
refinery. Well placement and desi'gn were not based upon
adequate information on ground water flow paths, solute
transport mechanisms, or subsurface geologic conditions.
A thorough site hydrogeological characterization is needed
prior to monitoring system installation.
2. Sampling and Analysis Plan
Chevron has developed a Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP).
A review by the Task Force has found it to be lacking in
the details necessary to ensure consistent sampling procedures.
A sampling audit revealed that Chevron's sampling team
did not follow all aspects of its sampling plan. 265.92 and
270.14(c)(6)(iv)
3. Ground Water Quality
The Task Force collected ground water samples from
thirteen facility monitoring wells. The samples were analyzed
for constituents listed in Appendix IX of 40 CFR 264 and for
RCRA indicator parameters. Samples were collected from
wells located near the RCRA waste management units.
Sampling data revealed the presence of various organic
and inorganic hazardous constituents in the ground water
beneath the Chevron refinery. The constituents are common
to refinery operations and waste'streams. 'The results of the
Task Force data are provided in detail later in this report.
The Task Force documented a layer of petroleum floating
on the water table. Chevron was attempting to recover the
petroleum, but source control measures were unknown.
Storage tanks containing crude and product have leaked.
There was insufficient data to determine the impact of the
regulated units on the ground water. The facility must
identify contaminant sources and constituent concentrations.
The rate and extent of migration must be determined.
4. Ground Water Assessment Plan
Chevron has developed a ground water assessment outline
for its RCRA Part B application. However, the refinery has
not implemented an assessment program (265,93) despite the
presence of organic constituents in the ground water.
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II. TECHNICAL REPORT
A. Investigative Methods
Data gathering methods used for the investigation involved
record review, ground water sampling and analysis, and sampling
audit. Record reviews were conducted by Daniel Sullivan of EPA
Headquarters and Kenneth Yelsey of EPA Region 9. The ground
water sampling and sampling audit projects were led by Peter
Rubenstein of EPA Region 9. A Project Plan containing the
Sampling Plan and Sampling Audit Plan was prepared for the
investigation. The Project Plan has been incorporated into
this report by reference.
1. Facility Inspection/Record Review
In October, 1986 Planning Research Corporation (PRC) of
Chicago, Illinois under contract to U.S. EPA Headquarters
and the Task Force compiled an information/document package
for the Chevron, U.S.A. Refinery. The PRC package consisted
of 14 volumes containing EPA and State facility files.
Documents and records were also reviewed an-d collected at the
facility to verify information currently in Government files.
Documents requested from the facility were those known to be
missing from Government files or new documents not yet received
by the Agency. All documents are on file with EPA Region 9.
Facility personnel were interviewed during the
investigation. Facility operations and waste management
units were also inspected.
2. Sampling Audit
A sampling audit was conducted on May 12 and 13 to assess
the facility's ground water sampling procedures (Appendix E).
The audit included observing sampling procedures, interviewing
sampling personnel, and reviewing sampling plans.
3. Sampling Programs
The Task Force sampled selected facility wells. Analyses
were run for RCRA indicator and Appendix IX parameters (Appendix
A).
From February 9 to 12, 1987 thirteen facility monitoring
wells were sampled. In addition, four blank and replicate
samples were taken for a total of 17 samples. Split samples
were offered to Chevron, but were declined. Samples were
collected by a team from Versar, Inc., of Springfield, VA.
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Samples were shipped the day of collection or the day
following collection by overnight express to the EPA contract
laboratories for analysis: inorganic analyses were conducted
by Centec of Salem, VA; organics analyses by EMSI; dioxin
analysis by CompuChem of Research Triangle Park, NC; and
radionuclide analyses by Aculabs of Wheat Ridge, CO.
Sampling activities were based upon the January, 1987
Sampling and Analysis Plan (Appendix C). Sampling procedures
are described in detail in Section VI of the Project Plan.
Description of sampling protocol, proposed sampling schedule,
container and preservative usage, shipping, and QA/QC procedures
are described in the Sampling Plan. The Sampling Documentation
Report contains information on field procedures used during
the investigation (Appendix D).
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B. Site.Description
The Chevron U S.A., Hawaiian refinery is located
approximately 15 miles west of Honolulu in the Barbers Point
area on the island of Oahu, Hawaii (Figure I). The refinery
is situated in Ewa Beach within Campbell Industrial Park.
The refinery is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on
the south by Brewer Chemical, on the north by Camp Malakole
Military Reservation, and on the east by undeveloped land
owned by Dillingham Continental Oil Company (Figure II).
The refinery occupies 248 acres and began operations in
1960. Prior to 1960 the land was vacant. The facility
produces motor gasoline, jet fuel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum
gas, sulfuric acid and asphalt. Processing facilities include
a(n) crude distillation unit, catalytic cracking plant,
alkylation and isomeration unit, isomax hydrogenation and
hydrogen plants, acid and amine storage plants, asphalt
plant, and tank farm.
The facility's waste management system consists of waste
water and land treatment systems. The waste water treatment
system is comprised of.a series of surface impoundments.
Refinery process waste waters, surface run-off, and other non-
hazardous liquid waste streams flow through the treatment system.
Oily waste waters are first diverted to the API separator for
oil and solids removal before being routed to the effluent
ponds. The effluent treatment system consists of following
units:
a) API Separator;
b) South Surge Pond;
c) North Surge Pond;
d) Oxidation Pond No. 1;
e) Oxidation Pond No. 2/3;
f) Neutralization Basin;
g) Settling Basin;
h) Impounding Basin;
i) Induced Air Filtration (IAF) Unit; and
j) Flare Area Oily Basin.
The treated effluent is discharged to the Pacific Ocean
through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) outfall point. Sludges accumulated during the treatment
process are usually sent to the land treatment unit for
biodegradation. RCRA wastes managed by the facility include
the following:
K050 - Heat exchanger bundle cleaning sludge;
K051 - API separator sludge; and
K052 - Tank bottoms (leaded).
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C. Waste Management Units and Operation
1. RCRA Regulated Units
At the time of the Task Force study, three waste treatment
units at the Chevron refinery were identified by EPA Region 9
as RCRA regulated units (Figure III).
1) Land Treatment unit;
2) Flare Oily Basin; and
3) Induced Air Flotation (IAF) Pond.
The land treatment unit was constructed in 1980 and
covers 3.1 acres. The treatment zone consists of fill material
overlaying crushed coral. The unit receives waste water
treatment solids, tank sludges, and oily soil.' Waste
water treatment solids include API separator sludges, surface
impoundment sludges, and induced air flotation skimmings.
Tank sludge wastes include.non-leaded tank sludges, cooling
tank sludges, and column, vessel and exchanger sludges.
The Flare Oily Basin was constructed in the early 1970's
and occupies 0.-24 acres. The basin is unlined having been
excavated into coral. It is used as a holding area for oily
wastes including effluent pond skimmings and spill material.
.The Induced Air Flotation Pond became operational in 1980.
The pond covers less than one-tenth of an acre (40ft x 80ft) and
is unlined. The pond receives IAF material (algae) after it
has been dewatered in the surface impoundments and sent
through the IAF unit.
2. Solid Waste Management Units
There are several other effluent treatment units at the
Chevron Refinery that are exempt from RCRA requirements.
Therefore, the units are not subject to ground water monitoring
requirements at this time. The units are unlined surface
impoundments that have been excavated into weathered coral
They are as follows:
a) North and South Surge Ponds - Both units are 0.16
acres in size;
b) Oxidation Ponds 1 and 2/3 - The ponds measure
0.7 acres and 1.26 acres in size respectively.
The second pond is termed 2/3 because of a
curtain wall that divides the pond;
c) Impounding Basin - The basin is 2.3 acres in
size. The unit became operational in 1960 and
was constructed 3 to 4 feet below grade; and
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d) Neutralization and Settling Basins - Both units
measure 0.16 acres in size and were constructed in
the early 1960's.
3. Waste Characteristics
Chevron has analyzed their wastes for selected Appendix
VIII compounds chosen from EPA's proposed list of petroleum
waste constituents and refinery process data. Analyses
were conducted on sludge samples obtained from the
following waste streams:
Flare Oily Basin South Surge Pond
Impounding Basin Oxidation Pond 12/3
Oxidation Pond #1 API Separator
IAF Float Tank Bottoms
Oily Material
The metals analyses detected arsenic, chromium (total),
lead, mercury, and other refinery related constituents.
Levels were variable between the waste streams. Concentra-
tions were above the drinking water standards but below
the TTLC and EP Toxicity limits.
Benzene, and toluene were the only volatile organics
detected with consistency. Napthalene, chrysene, fluorine,
and benzo (a) pyrene were the only semi-volatiles detected
with regularity. Various other hydrocarbons were detected
in most analyses. The results indicate that identification
of individual waste streams would be difficult based upon
constituent presence or concentration.
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D. Site Geology/Hydrology
1. Geomorphology
This refinery is located on the Ewa Plain of southwestern
Oahu. The plain is along the margin of the Waianae Volcanic
Range and is part of an emerged coral reef complex. There are
no streams or rivers in the vicinity of the refinery nor any
surface drainage pathways leading from the property. The
only surface water body in the vicinity is the Pacific Ocean.
2. Geology
The Chevron Refinery is built upon a large emerged coral
reef complex. The coral is massive and very permeable.
Lateral and vertical variations represent less permeable
alluvial and backreef deposits. These deposits typically
interfinger and increase in thickness inland.
Surficial Deposits
The facility has characterized the surficial materials at
the site as coral covered by a thin layer of red silty clay in
depressions and crevices. The near surface (i.e., less than
3 foot depth) is composed of crushed coral fill which was
used to level the site prior to refinery construction. Soils
are very permeable allowing for rapid infiltration.
Coral Reef Complex
A deep well drilled by Brewer Chemical Co. for liquid
waste disposal described massive coral to 150 feet and
coral mixed with alluvium to 300 feet. The coral was
characterized as massive, white to tan in color, highly
permeable and friable with large solution cavities. Other
off-site deep boring logs (deeper than 50 feet) described a
more heterogeneous geology. In addition to coral, silts,
gravels, silty coral gravels, and calcareous sandstones and
mudstones were identified. Chevron has estimated that the
coral/alluvial deposits extend down to about 600 feet and lie
unconformably on the basalts of the Waianae Volcanics.
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Most of Chevron's boring logs described conditions at
shallow depths (i.e., less than 20 feet). Boring fl was
thie only exception having been drilled to 50 feet. The
logs described fill material and coral. Additionally, logs
from wells 4, 8, and 10 described oily coral cuttings. These
wells are located near the tank farm and recovery wells.
Chevron's boring program was inadequate for site character-
ization. The borings were too shallow and lacked spatial
detail (insufficient site coverage to describe subsurface
geological conditions. The logs did not contain detailed
descriptions of the subsurface. There was little or no
information on drilling observations. Lab testing of
consolidated or unconsolidated deposits was not conducted.
There was no presentation of geologic data (e.g., cross
sections).
3. Hydrology
The regional hydrology has been described by Chevron as
a two aquifer system. A basal aquifer of the Waianae Volcanics
is overlain by a coral aquifer. The waters of the basal and
coral aquifers are brackish beneath the facility.
The basal aquifer has been characterized as being confined
and recharged by upland precipitation. The aquifer also has
been described as providing recharge to the coral aquifer
through upward leakage.
The coral aquifer immediately underlies the site. Depth
to water is less than 10 feet. The uppermost part of the
aquifer is unconfined and is subject to strong tidal influence.
Water levels have been shown to vary by as much as 2 feet due
to tidal effects. Recharge sources i-nclude on-site precipita-
tion, irrigation return water, the Pacific Ocean, and upward
leakage from the basal aquifer. Discharge sources include
tidal flux, industrial supply wells, and oil recovery wells .
Chevron estimates that the coral aquifer is 600 feet thick
beneath the refinery. The facility considers the uppermost
150 feet to be the uppermost aquifer due to a change in
lithology (appearance of less permeable fine-grained sediments),
The facility has investigated site hydrological conditions.
However, the data is inadequate to describe the ground water
flow system. Hydraulic conductivity was based upon tidal
fluctuations and the measured response in monitoring wells
over a 24 hour period. There was no information on test
methods and procedures, measurement techniques, parameter
calculations, or well design features. The use of the Theis.
equation may have been inappropriate since it describes
unsteady flow in a confined aquifer. The facility also has
not determined the vertical and lateral distribution of
hydraulic conductivity values in the saturated zone.
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Aquifer thickness was only based upon 1 off-site boring.
The storage coefficient value was estimated and no data was
provided. Spatial and temporal variations in ground water
flow directions have not been adequately defined. Vertical
gradients in the uppermost aquifer have not been determined..
Contaminant migration pathways have not been identified.
Waste mobility and solute transport processes have not been
considered. Site specific data is lacking on the identification,
composition/ and hydrologic properties of the uppermost
aquifer.
4. Ground Water Use
There are currently no drinking water supply wells in
the vicinity of the refinery. The coral aquifer is used for
industrial supply and waste injection. Chevron operates 7
industrial supply wells which extract 2.5 million gallons of
water per day.
5. Climate
Rainfall amounts vary on the island. The average yearly
rainfall in Honolulu and-Barbers Point is 24 inches and
8 inches respectively. Most of the rainfall occurs during
the winter months from the passage of storm fronts.
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E. Interim Status Ground Water Monitoring
1. Current Monitoring System
The Chevron refinery has 22 wells to monitor ground
water quality, 45 wells to monitor petroleum thickness, and 7
petroleum recovery wells (Figure IV & V). The petroleum is
believed to be in the ground water due to leakage from oil
storage tanks. The 22 monitoring wells were constructed over
five years.
Wells 1-10 September 1981
Wells 11 & 12 February 1984
Wells 13 - 17 November 1984
Wells 18 - 22 October & November 1985.
The current RCRA ground water monitoring system consists
of wells 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 (per amended Part
B). Well 12 has been designated as the background well. The
wells are shallow with total depths ranging from 9 to 15
feet. All well screens are located along the bottom 6 feet
of casing. Different wells have been designated for RCRA
monitoring in the past due to changes in the regulatory
status of waste management units.
2. Well Construction and Location
Monitoring wells 5, 6, 11 and 12 were constructed with
4" PVC threaded casing. Wells 11 and 12 were drilled by
truck mounted rotary wash and were developed by airlifting.
There was no available information on well drilling or
development for wells 5 and 6. There were no specifications
for filter pack, screen placement, sealant type "or backfill
material.
Wells 13 through 17 were initially drilled with a 4"
solid stem auger and then reamed with either an 8" or 9"
auger. The casings and screens consist of schedule 40
PVC. The screens have 0.25" slots with 0.02" openings.
The filter pack consists of crushed basalt. The wells were
developed by hand pump. No other specifications were given.
The lack of installation specifications and design
criteria along with observed conditions indicates that the
wells were improperly designed and constructed. Screen and
filter pack design should have been based upon in-situ
hydrogeologic conditions (e.g., sieve analyses). Screen
placement was not substantiated due to a lack of information
on ground water flow conditions (e.g., vertical gradients)
and contaminant transport behavior. Screen material
was inappropriate due to the questionable chemical integrity
of PVC and the constituents of concern.
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The distribution and spacing of the monitoring wells is
considered inadequate to immediately detect releases from the
RCRA units. The number and distribution of wells around the
waste management units has not been substantiated by in-situ
hydrogeologic conditions. Additional detection wells are
needed to monitor the site. Additional background wells are
also necessary due to the spatial variability of ground water
quality.
3. Field Analysis of Monitoring Wells
Chevron's monitoring wells were inspected by the Task
Force; total depths were measured/ physical conditions were
noted, and well gases were monitored. Total depth figures
measured in the field differed from as-built specifications.
Wells 1 and 9 had a discrepancy of 9 and 5 feet respectively.
The other wells had a difference of a foot or less. Turbidity
values were higher than 100 NTU's for many of the wells.
Concrete aprons and surface seals were not visible around the.
surface casings. Oil was detected in wells 3, 4, 8, 15 and
20. Organic vapors were detected in wells 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10,
13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22. The casing at well 6
was not steady in the hole indicating failed design or structure.
4. Lysimeters
Two lysimeters are located in the land treatment unit.
Soil pore and soil core samples have been analyzed for
selected heavy metals and ground water contamination indicator
parameters. The lysimeter data collected to date has been
inconclusive. Most sampling periods did not produce any
water and information on past sampling procedures is lacking.
Soil core analysis showed noticeable levels of lead and
chromium to a depth of 20" to 26". The effectiveness of
contaminant immobilization needs to be investigated.
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5. Sampling and Analysis Plan and Field Procedures
The Task Force reviewed the facility's sampling and
analysis plan. A ground water sampling audit was
conducted at the Chevron Hawaiian Refinery on May 12 and
13, 1987 (Appendix E).
Chevron's sampling plan lacks specificity to ensure
consistent and proper sampling procedures (265.92). The
following examples are provided.
- What equipment is used to purge the well?
- How much water is purged from the well?
- What equipment is used to collect samples?
- In what, sequence are parameters collected?
- What sample containers, volumes and preservatives are
used?
- How is equipment decontaminated?
- How are field parameters measured?
- How are QA/QC sample points chosen?
- What field notes are taken?
Chevron's sampling team collected ground water samples
from 13 monitoring wells. The team used equipment other
than that mentioned in the sampling and analysis plan. Field
logs contained inconsistent information and chain of custody
procedures were not adequate. A full description of
the sampling event can be found in the attached Sampling
Audit Report prepared by Peter Rubenstein.
-------
16
F. Ground Water Quality
1. Historical Data
A review was conducted of facility results for the
parameters establishing ground water quality, interim primary
drinking water standards, and ground water contamination.
Data was available for wells 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11 through 19, 21
and 22 (EPA file data).
For the parameters establishing ground water quality,
highest concentration levels were recorded for chloride,
sodium and sulfate. These are common seawater constituents.
Iron levels were inconclusive. Phenols were sporadically
detected in all the RCRA monitoring wells.
The interim primary drinking water standards were
primarily in the non-detected range. However, arsenic was
detected in every sample in well 6 at levels above the
drinking water standards. Chromium (total) was detected in
a few wells. Exceedences of drinking water standards for
chromium were noted in wells 6, 7, 11 and 12. All of the
chromium exceedences were recorded for the 9/26/84 sampling
period. Lead was sporadically detected in a number of wells.
Exceedences of drinking water standards for lead were noted
in wells 5, 6 and 7 for the 9/26/84 (4th quarter background)
sampling period and in wells 14, 17, 18 and 22 for the
12/15/86 (6th semi-annual) sampling period. Pesticides and
herbicides were all in the non-detected range. Positive
responses were occasionally noted for other constituents.
However, there was no clear trend in either distribution or
concentration of the constituents.
The indicator parameters for ground water contamination
include pH, specific conductance, TOC and TOX. Specific
conductance values appear to reflect the environmental setting.
Values ranged from 4,000 to 25,000 umhom/cm. Values for pH
were mostly in the 7 range. No significant fluctuations were
noted. TOC values were variable. Values ranged from 2 ppm to
7.5 ppm. Highest TOC values were noted in well 7. TOX
values were quite variable. The highest readings for TOC and
TOX were recorded for either the 11/14/84 or 12/07/84 sampling
periods.
The facility analyzed for priority pollutants in wells
13 through 17 in 1984/85. Wells 14 and 15 contained volatiles
(e.g., benzene and toluene), semi-volatiles (i.e., napthalene),
and semi-quantified pollutant compounds.
-------
•i-7
2. Task Force Data
Task Force ground water quality data consisted of results
for organic and inorganic constituents (Appendix B). Seventeen
samples were collected including a(n) field blank, equipment
blank, trip blank, and duplicate (Appendix D). Several facility
wells were not sampled due to high organic vapor levels at the
wellhead and/or hydrocarbons in the well.
Volatile organic results were acceptable for quality
assurance. Some data was suspect due to excessive holding
times and laboratory blank contamination (acetone and
methylene chloride). Most analytical results were negative.
However, benzene and toluene were detected in wells 17 and 18,
and volatile organic compounds were detected in well 7.
Semi-volatile analyses had acceptable quality assurance
except' for some excessive holding times. Additionally, the
presence of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate indicated laboratory
blank contamination. Semi-volatile analyses results were
negative except for well 15 where most compounds were detected
(e.g. , naphthalene).
Tentatively identified semi-volatile compounds (including
unknowns) were detected in all the wells. Well 15 and 18 had the
most positive responses (both identified and unknown compounds).
The analyses for total metals were generally acceptable
for quality assurance purposes. The levels of magnesium,
potassium and sodium were not unexpected (ocean environment).
Iron and manganese results were inconclusive. Chromium
exceedences of the drinking water standards were noted for
wells 15, 17 and 18. For furnace metals, -arsenic was detected
in well 6 above the drinking water standards. Lead, zinc and
vanadium results were inconclusive. Most metal analyses were
negative.
Inorganic and Indicator Analyte data showed high levels of
sulfate, chloride and sodium. The results were not unexpected
due to the influence of seawater. TOX data was invalidated
due to blank contamination. Additionally, high chloride
concentrations may have interfered with TOX analyses. TOC
levels ranged from 2 mg/1 to 19 mg/1.
In summary, high concentrations of organics were present in
wells 15 and 18. Additional monitoring wells registered positive
responses to organics. Metals (e.g., arsenic and chromium) were
detected in some of the wells at levels above the drinking water
standards. Facility results (primary pollutant and interim
status) reflected the same ground water quality conditions.
The influence of seawater on the analytical results was noted
for inorganic data and some metals analyses.
-------
18
3. Ground Water Data Evaluation
The significance of the following evaluations should
be qualified due to questionable monitoring system design
and operation, indefinite hydrogeologic site characterization,
lack of multiple background data sources (excludes spatial
variability and enhances analytical variability), and
facility location (e.g., seawater influence on parameter
analyses).
The averaged replicate test method was used by the Task
Force to statistically evaluate the ground water analytical
data. The actual methodology used was a rearranged version
of the averaged replicate test statistic where concentration
values were compared to a concentration limit. Additionally,
the variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation
were determined for the replicate measurements.
Well 12 has been designated by the facility as the
background well. The averaged replicate t-test was used to
compare pH, TOC, TOX, and EC values. The studentized test
statistic for a one-tail test was used to determine the
critical test (tc) statistic. A test statistic of 6.636 was
estimated based upon 4 degrees of freedom (DF) at the one
percent (.01) level of significance. The linear interpolation
between 3 and 7 dgrees of freedom was used to de-termine the
critical test (tc) value.
Five sampling periods were designated by the facility for
background values (6/13/84, 7/18/84, 8/15/84, 9/26/84 and
10/23/84). The first sampling period did not have any replicate
measurements for TOC or TOX (indicator parameters). The single
•measured value was considered a replicate- average for this
evaluation.
The variance, standard deviation and coefficient of
variation were determined for the replicates using selected
sampling periods. The coefficient of variation expresses the
standard deviation in terms of a percent of the mean.
The coefficient was determined for the parameters of TOC and
TOX for well 12 using the 5 background sampling periods.
This same component of variation was calculated for wells 5,
6, 11 and 12 using the 1st and 5th semi-annual sampling
periods. The 6th semi-annual sampling period was evaluated
for wells 13 through 17. The parameters of pH and EC were
not analyzed because replicate values were determined in the
field.
-------
19
The coefficient of variation was high for a few values
indicating inconsistency in replicate measurements and
therefore suggesting inadequate laboratory quality control.
The coefficient ranged from 3.1 to 36.6 for TOC and from 4.5
to 12.7 for TOX.
The AR t-test showed statistically significant increases
above background for TOX and EC. Exceedences for TOX were
noted for wells 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 17 during the
11/14/84 or 12/7/84 sampling periods. Exceedences for EC
were noted for wells 5., 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 during
the 12/15/86 sampling event.
-------
-------
20
III Conclusions
A. Ground Water Monitoring System and Hydrogeologic
Site Characterization
The facility is not in compliance with interim status
ground water monitoring requirements of 40 CFR Part 265
Subpart F and application requirements of 40 CFR Part
270.14(c). The ground water monitoring system can not
immediately detect any statistically significant amounts
of hazardous waste constituents that migrate from the waste
management units to the uppermost aquifer.
1. The stratigraphy beneath the RCRA regulated units
has not been adequately defined. The subsurface geological
investigation was limited in scope and description.
2. The uppermost aquifer beneath the Chevron Refinery has
not been defined. Aquifer characteristics have not been
adequately described. Contaminant transport and fate in the
subsurface is unknown. The facility needs to conduct a
hydrogeological characterization study.
t
3. There are no RCRA monitoring wells in the immediate
vicinity of the IAF pond or the Flare Oily Basin. The number,
distribution/ and design of the monitoring wells around the
land treatment unit has not been substantiated by local
hydrological conditions.
4. The RCRA monitoring wells were improperly designed and
constructed. There was a lack of design criteria and
installation specifications. A new ground water monitoring
system needs to be installed.
B. Sampling and Analysis Plan and Field Sampling Procedures
Chevron had not developed and implemented an adequate
ground water sampling and analysis plan. Chevron's SAP
lacked the necessary detail to ensure consistent and
appropriate sampling procedures. Chevron's sampling team did
not always follow SAP protocol.
C. Ground Water Quality
The ground water beneath the Chevron Refinery is
contaminated with petroleum related constituents. Task Force
samples confirmed earlier Chevron samples showing organic
compounds in the ground water. An assessment study needs to
be initiated to determine contaminant sources.
-------
21
D. Site Design
The hazardous and non-hazardous waste disposal units
were not designed to prevent fluid migration into the ground
water. The units are unlined and excavated into extremely
permeable coralline rock. Depth to ground water is 5 feet or
less.
-------
KAHUKU
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VICINITY MAP
-------
25*
-------
LEGEND: Solid Watte Management Units
Land Trealment Unit
South Surge Pond
Oxidation Pond I
Oxidation Pond 2/J
Impounding Basin
IAF Pond
Flare Oily Basin
Clay Duwatcring Impoundment
Amine Washwater Impoundment
Inactive Land Treatment Unit
Landfill A
Landfill B
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Flare Lime Basin
Sewer Sludge Impoundment '<
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Settling Basin
North Surge Pond
Crude Tank Area Impounding Basin (HECO)
Tank Field Storm Water Sump (HECO)
LPG Area Cooling Water Pond
South Ocean Pond
North Ocean Pond
Waste Pile A
Was 11- Pile B
MW-1
23
\
]
Future Tankage I
\ '
12
OOO
OS O
o Q
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Waste Pile C
Outfall Sump
Empty Drum Storage Are*
API Separator
IAF Unit
Foul /Sour Water Tanks
Foul Water OxidUer
Weak Acid Neutralization Sump
Strong Acid Neutralliallon Sump
Alkylatlon Plant Neutralljatlon Sump
Clay Dewaterlng Basin
Oil Recovery Box
CHEVRON REFINERY LAYOUT
Source: RCRA Part B Permit Application, January 1985
-------
0)
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3
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UALAKOLl ROAD
CHEVRON HAWAIIAN REFINERY
PLOT PLAN
FUTURC TANKAGE
o o o
CRUDE TAMCS
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IAF Unit
• 012 RCRA Monitoring Well
PACIFIC
OCEAN
-------
-------
APPENDIX A List of Ground Water Sample
Parameters: Appendix IX of 40. CFR
264 and RCRA Indicator Parameters.
-------
-------
RCRA INDICATOR PARAMETERS
.Chloride Metals - Dissolved3
Sulfate Cyanide
Phenols Radium
Nitrate Gross Alpha
Ammonia Gross Beta
TOC ' ' Turbidity15
TOX Specific Conductance*3
POC '
POX
a Dissolved metals are not RCRA indicator parameters but
they will be collected at this site. The samples will
filtered in the field by the EPA contractors.
b Parameters- will be measured in the field.
-------
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15, 1TO4
APPENDIX IN •• GftOUND-UAtE* MONIIOMNG USI
Systematic Hame
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
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lent amide, 3.3 -dlchloro-N- ( 1 , 1 • dimethyl 2-propynyl )•
lent |a| anthracene
CAS JIN Conmon Na««
11097-69 1 Aroclor 1254
I1096-B2-5 Aroclor 1260
7*40 58 2* Artenlc (total)
7440-39-) larlun
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tenienf, 2-*elhyl • t,S -dlnl tro-
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CAS KM
100 2V 4
606-20 2
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100 42 5
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na 74-1
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-------
15, 1986
APPENDIX III •• GftOUND-UAIER NOHIIONING IISI
Systematic Nam*
1 ,2-lentenedlcarboiiyl Ic acid, dlcthyl e*t«r
t,2-tentenedlcarbo«yl Ic acid, dimethyl etter
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1,3 aenttnedlol
l«ni eneethanamlne, •»((«{-dlmethyl •
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•entenethtol
1 , 3 • lentodloiole, S-( 1 -property! )•
1 ,3-lentodloAole, 5- (2-prcpenyl )•
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• enio|ritlp*ntapti«n«
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II, t'-llptienyll 4,4 • -dl •mine. }.]• -dlchloro-
CAS UN
84 66 2
131-11-1
117-84 0 '
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122 09 8
100-51 6
108-98-5
120 58 1
94-59 1
207-08-9
65 85 0
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Dimethyl phthalate
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Keiorclnol
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•enienethlal
Itoiafrole
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•entolc acid
Olbentola, llpyrene
8enio((hl Iperylene
lentolelpyrene
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J.3'-Dlchlorob*nildlnt
-------
APPfNDIK IX •• GROUND UAICf) MONIIOHING ICSI
Systematic N**>«
M.I' Uphtnyl) 4,4'-dl*»ln*, 3,1' -dlmcthoxy •
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CAS UN
119-90 4
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Way 15.
APPENDIX IX •• GftOUND-UAtE* NONIIOKIMG IISI
Syttt«etlc Mane
Methane, dlcMoro-
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CAS *N
75-09-2
75 71 •
74 88 4*
56-25 5
75-25-2
67-66 J
75-69-4
66-27 J
75-70 7
57-74 9
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959-98 8
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lodonethane
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Heptachlor tpoxldt
fndoaullan 1
6.9-Methano-2,4,3-beniodloiiathlepln. 6.7.8,9,10,10-henachloro-1,5, 5J2U-65-9
5a.6,9.9a-henehydro-, J o«ld«, (J
-------
AmNDIN IX •• CHOUNO UAim MONItORING IISI
Sy«t*i«atlc Nam*
5b,6-dfC«ehloroocf (hydro •
1 ,2,4 Nelh*necyclop«nl*lcd|p*nlal*n*-5-c*rboii*ldehydt, 2, 2*. 1,1, 4,
/h*x*chl or odec (hydro- , <1 o«.2 A,2» A, 4 A, 4* A, 5 A ,6« 4 ,6bA ,
7A* 1 • F" •" f f J f^ 1
Norpholln*, 4-oltroto-
1 N«phth*l*n«*ln*
2-N*phth«l«nimln*
••phth*l*n*
N*phlh«l*n«, 2-thloro-.
NtphlhaUnt, 2-«*lhyl-
,.4-«.ph,h.,.n.d,.n.
N»phlho|1,2,),4-d*f|chryi*n*
Nlctcl
*
OtMllM.
Oilrint
2-P«nl»non*. 4-«*thyl-
Ph»n«nthr*n«
CAS UN
US-50-0
7421-91 4
t
59-89-2
•1J4-I2 7
91-59-8
91-20-1
91-58-7
91-57-6
IJO- 15-4
19-2-65 -4
7440-02-0
7440-04 2
75 21 8
108- 10- t
85 01-8
Co^on M..
K*pon*
tndrln aldchyd*
H-Hllroso«iorphol In*
,-..ph,HH...«.
2-R*phlhyli«lnt
Hiphth*l*n«
2-Chloron*phthil*nt
2-M,hy,n.ph,h.1.n.
1,4- Btph thoqulnont
Olb*nto|*,*)pyr«n«
Nlcktl (lot*l>
OlOllM ( tOt*l )
flhylfn* ojild*
4 -H«thyl -2-ptnl»non«
Phtncnthrtn*
I1-'.,,
-------
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HUJ?
APPCNDIK III •• GftOUND UAIfft.NONftORING USt
Sy«le*etlc »•«•• CAS •«
Phenol, 4-aethyl- . 106-44 5
Phenol, 4-nllro- 100-02-7
Phenol, ptntaehloro- . 87-86-)
Photphorodlthlolc acid. O.O-dlethyt S- | • 1 • eh 1 «ropropene
1,2-Olchloropropene
1,2,)- trlchloropropene
j: .u
»'•'„.
-------
MPPfNOIX lit •• GSOUWO-VKttH HOW i t Oft 11* G
Systematic •••*
• ___._._.
Prop.ne, 2,2' -onyblilt -chloro-
Prop.ncdlnl trll.
f ropcntnl tr 1 1*
Prop.n.nltrlt.. S-chloro-
Prop.nolc .eld, 2-12,4, )• trlcMoroph.noiy)-
t-Prop.nol. 2. 3 -dlbroao- . photphotc |3tl)
t-f roptnol, ?-a«thyl *
2-.rop.non.
2-Prop.n.l
1 froptn., 1,3-dlchtoro-, (C>-
1 Proptn., t.3 dlchloro-, (I)
rproocn., I-chloro-
2-f rop*n«nl tr II.. 2-»«thyl-
2-frop.n.nltrll.
2-frop.nolc .eld. 2-«.thyl-. .thyl «*t«r
CAS RN
108 60 1
109-77 3
107-12 0'
5*2 76 7
93-72-,
126-72-7
78 83-1
67 6* 1
107-02-B
iaaa-n-7
10061-02 6
10061-01 5
107-05 1
126-98 7
107-13 t
97 63 2
c._ ....
•l*(2-ehtor»l*oproprl > «th«r
Ntlononl tr II*
Ithyl cytnld*
3-Chloroproplonl trll.
$llv*«
trl.(2,I-dlbro«opropyt I phoipti.t.
Itobulyl alcohol
Ac. ton.
Acrol.ln
N*x.chloroprop«n«
1 r .n. •1,3-01 cM oroprop«n.
cli- l,3-01chtoroprop*n.
3-Chloroprop.n.
N.th.crylonltrll.
Acrylonltrll.
(thyl M.th.cryl.t.
15
-------
IK •• GROUND WAIE* MONHOftING IIS1
Systematic *•••
2-Prop*nolc •eld, 2-a>ethyl-, methyl cater
2-Propcn- l-ol
2-Propyn- l-ol
Pyrene
•yrldlne
Pyrldlna. 2-««thyl-
Pyrrol ldln«. 1-nltro*o-
Sclcnlw*
Silver
Sodium
SulHd*
CAS *H
80 42-4
10M8 6
ior-i»-y '
129 00 0
110 66-1
109 06 8
9JO-55-J
7762-49-1
7440-22-4
7440-23-$
«6496-2i-0
CowBon M«IM
Methyl •»«lh«cryl«te
Ally! alcohol
2-fropyn-l-ol
fyr«n»
Fyrldln*
2 Heel In*
N-Hltrotopyrrol Idln*
SeltnluM (total)
Silver (total)
Sodlu* (total)
Sul » Ida
Sullurou* acid, 2-ehloroethyl 2-14-|1,1-dUethylethyl)phano«y)•1-
•ethylathyl aatar
140-57-a
Araalta
lhallll
7440-28 0
Thalllwi (total)
Ihlodlphoaphorlc acid (I(MO),. P(S)I^O). tatracthyl aatar
3689 24 5
Tatraathyldlthlopyrophoaphata
Mn
7440 31
tin (total)
16
-------
APPENDIX IS •• GflOUND-WrtlJlH MOW HOW ING USI
SyltciMtlc ••«•
CAS UN
Common • •(*•
lomphtnt
8001-15 2
loitphtn*
7UO 6?
V»n»dluw Itotal>
line
mo 66 i
line (lot«l)
-------
-------
APPENDIX B .-.It.,
Chevron's Monitoring Wells
The following table lists the concentrations for compounds analyzed for
and found in samples at the site. Table A2-1 is generated by listing
all compounds detected and all tentatively identified compounds reported
on the organic Form I, Part B. All tentatively identified compounds
with a spectral purity greater than 850 are identified by naroe and
purity in the table. Those with a purity of less than 850 are labeled,
unknown.
-------
-------
TABLE KEY
A value without a flag indicates a result above the contract
required detection limit (CROL).
*
J Indicates an estimated value. This flag is used either when
estimating a concentration for tentatively identified compounds
where a 1:1 response is assumed or when the mass spectral data
indicated the presence of a compound that meets the identification
criteria but the result is less than the specified detection limit
but greater than zero. If the limit of detection is 10 wg and a
concentration of 3 wg is calculated, then report as 3J.
B This flag is used when the analyte is found in the blank as well as
a sample. It indicates possible/probable blank contamination and
warns the data user to take appropriate action.
GW » ground-water
SW = surface-water
low and medium are indicators of concentration.
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-------
APPENDIX C
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 9
National Ground Water Task Force
CHEVRON USA, INC
HAWAIIAN REFINERY
GROUND WATER SAMPLING PLAN
Peter Rubenstein
January/ 1987
-------
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION 9 (10/86)
TOXICS & WASTE MANAGEMENT DIVISION
FIELD OPERATIONS BRANCH
Sample Plan Title: Groundwater Task Force Sampling at Chevron/ HI
Site Name: Chevron USA, Inc. Hawaiian Refinery '.
Site Location: Ewa Beach
City/State/Zip: Oahu, Hawaii
Site EPA ID f: HIT160010005
Anticipated Sampling Dates: February 9-13
Prepared by: Peter Rubenstein 1/29/87
Date
Agency or Firm: US EPA Region 9
Address: 215 Fremont Street
City/State/Zip: San Francisco, CA 94105
Telephone: (415 )974-0307
EPA Project Officer: Ken Yelsey T-3-2 974-7406
Phone f
QAPjP Approval Date: N/A
Received by Field Operations Branch:
F Date F
0 Received by Reviewer: 0
R Date R
Reviewed by:
Date
Concurrence:
Chief, Field Inspections Section Date
E Toxics & Waste Management Division E
p P
A Received by Quality Assurance Management Section: . A
Date
Analysis
U Reserved by: . U
s DateS
E Concurrence: E
Chief/ Quality AssuranceDate
Management Section
Environmental Services Branch, OPM
-------
-------
I. OBJECTIVE OP SAMPLING EFFORT
This sampling effort is only one part of the Ground Water
Task Force investigation of the Chevron, HI site. The major :
objectives of the field work is to collect ground water samples to
1. Characterize the quality of the ground water beneath
the site,
2. Determine which hazardous waste constituents are
present in the ground water at the refinery, and
3. If these contaminants are moving out of management
units and off-site.
-------
-2-
II. BACKGROUND
Much of the information included in this section of the
sampling plan is taken from the RCRA Facility Assessment dated
December 19, 1986.
The Chevron USA, Inc., Hawaiian Refinery is located in
Campbell Industrial Park at Ewa Beach, Oahu, in the Barbers Point
Area. The facility is approximately 248 acres in size and in a
area that is zoned for heavy industrial use. The refinery is
bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by Brewer
Chemical, and on the north by Camp Malakole Military Reservation
and vacant land. A strip of vacant land bordered by other facilities
within Campbell Industrial Park lies along the east side of the
refinery. •
The refinery processes approximately 50,000 barrels per day
of low and medium sulfur crude oil, producing liquified petroleum
gas, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, fuel oil, asphalt, and
sulfuric acid. Processing facilities include a crude distillation
unit, a catalytic cracking plant, an alkylation and isomeration
unit, isomax hydrogenation and hydrogen plants, acid, amine, and
acid storage plants, an asphalt plant, and a tank farm.
A wastewater treatement system and land treatment are the
two waste management systems currently being used on site.
Process wastewaters, surface run-off and other non-hazardous
liquid wastestreams flow through enclosed pipe sewer systems to
the wastewater treatment system. The system includes an API
separator, neutralization tank, neutralization basin, settling
basin, oxidation ponds, impound basin, and an induced air.floatation
unit (see Figure 1). A flare oily basin which used to receive
oily skimmings from the oxidation ponds, API sludge, and other
oily wastes is.no longer part of the system. The induced air
flotation pond and the flare oily basin are RCRA regulated units.
The RCRA regulated land treatment unit, covering 3.1 acres,
consists of three above ground cells with 6 foot berms of compacted
coral (see Figure 1). Currently API separator sludge, non-leaded
tank bottom sludges, IAF float, jet fuel filter media, oily soil,
heat exchanger bundle cleaning sludge, column, exchanger, and
vessel cleaning sludges, and pond sludges are all managed in this
land application area. Leaded tank bottom sludges, which had
been weathered elsewhere on the site, were placed in the unit
when it first came into use. Chevron estimates that approximately
110 tons of sludge are generated annualy at the refinery.
The 22 monitoring wells at the refinery include 9 designated by
Chevron in their Part B as the RCRA ground water monitoring system.
In addition, there are 45 hydrocarbon deliniation wells and 7 oil
recovery wells on site. Chevron is actively working to recover
immiscible hydrocarbons floating above the ground water.
-------
-3-
Well construction information for the monitoring, deliniation,
and oil recovery wells is shown in Tables 1-3. This information
was collected by the EPA from Chevron during a site reconnaissance
visit made in November, 1986.
-------
-4-
Table 1: Construction Details for RCRA Monitoring Wells at Chevron, HI.
Monitor
Well
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Depth
Bottor
As
Constructed
52.53'
22.16'
19.41'
17.15'
9.57'
13.47'
9.58'
15.52'
9.83'
15.44'
7
•?
14'
14'
14'
14'
14'
15'2"
14'4"
15 '2"
15'
15 fl"
to
n a,b
As Measured
11/86
45' 10 1/2"
21 2 7/8
NA
NA
9' 8 1/2"
12' 10 1/8"
8' 7"
NA
NA
NA
14' 4 1/8"
14' 4 1/4"
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
14' 4 1/8"
13' 1 7/8"
NA
14' 9 1/8"
15' 0 3/8"
Depth to
Water a
8' 7 5/8"
17' 10 1/8"
NA
NA
7' 9 1/2"
9' 4 1/8"
51 6 1/2"
NA
NA
NA
11' 11 1/3"
11' 1"
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7' 7 5/8"
7' 3 7/8"
NA
9,' 6 3/8"
10' 2 1/2"
Casing
Inner
Diameter
4" PVC
V
Screened
Interval0
1/4" slots
btm 5.8ft.
btro 6ft.
btm 5.8ft.
btm 6ft.
btm 6ft.
btm 6ft.
btm 6ft.
btm 6ft.
btm 6ft.
unknown
unknown
1/4" slots
1/4" slots
1/4" slots
JL/4" slots
1/4" slots
1/4" slots
1/4" slots
1/4" slots
1/4" slots
1/4" slots
Dedicated
Pump
(Y / N)
N
V
a Measured from the top of the casing.
b N.A. indicates hydrocarbons above the groundwater
c Screened interval unknown if not stated.
NOTE: Water level varies by as much as 2'
Measurements taken at low tide.
feet due to tidal influences.
-------
-5-
Table 2: Construction Details for Hydrocarbon Deliniation Wells at
Chevron, HI.
Deliniation
Well
f
1
" ' ' 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Depth to
Bottom a
8' 7 5/8"
11' 9"
9' 4 5/8"
9' 4"
6' 10"
7' 11"
9' 6 1/4"
9i 5»
12' 11 1/2"
10' 6 :./4"
10' 10 3/4"
12' 10 1/8"
12' 7 3/8"
11' 5 3/4"
15' 7 :./2"
18' 8"
15' 5 1/4"
10' 6 1/4"
10' 9"
11' 2 3/4"
9' 1"
7' 0"
12' 4"
18* 9 :./2"
14' 0"
8 • 4«
10' 5"
8' 4"
8' 9"
11' 6"
8' 1 1/2"
10' 7"
10' 9"
9' 6"
11' 2"
15' 8"
16' 10"
16' 1/2"
17' 3"
16' 3 1/2"
15* 8"
16' 1"
12' 7"
14' 10"
28' 9"
Depth to
Water a
5' 9 5/8"
7' 3 5/8"
7 7/8"
7 2"
6 1/2"
7 5"
7 9 3/4"
5 6 3/8"
11' 7"
9' 9 1/4"
10' 1 1/2"
11' 2"
11' 3 3/4"
10' 5 5/8"
14' 4"
16' 10 3/4"
14' 7 1/8"
8 11"
9 1/8"
7 11 7/8"
5 10 1/8"
5 10 7/8"
11' 5 1/2"
17' 6 1/2"
12' 4"
4' 7 1/2"
9' 1/2"
4' 11 1/8"
4' 8 1/4"
5' 6 1/2"
5' 2"
4. 9«
5' 7 1/2"
4' 5"
7' 0"
12' 1 1/4"
9' 10"
12' 11 3/4"
13 « 2 3/4"
13' 11 1/2"
12' 3"
6' 3/4"
7' 9 1/2"
8' 5"
6' 1"
Casing
Inner
Diameter
2" PVC
,
V
Screened
Interval*5
Unknown
•
,
V
Dedicated
Pump
(Y / N)
I*
1
V
a Measured from the top of the casing.
b 1/4" slots run vertically to allow both floating hydrocarbons
and ground water to enter the casing with the rise and fall
<->f *-hp water table.
-------
-6-
Table 3: Construction Details for Oil Recovery Wells at Chevron, HI
Oil
Recovery
Well #
RW1
RW2
RW3
RW4
RW5
RW6
RW7
Depth to
Bottom a
15' 0"
15' 0"
15' 0"
15' 0"
15' 0"
15' 0"
15' 0"
Depth to
Water
Not
Measured
V
Casing
Inner
Diameter
24"
24"
24"
24"
24"
24"
24"
Screened
Interval b
1/32"
Slots
Spaced 7/32"
Apart
V
Dedicated
Pump
(Y / N)
N
.
V
a Measured from the top of the casing.
b 1/4" slots run vertically to allow both floating hydrocarbons
and ground water to enter the casing with the rise and fall
of the water table.
-------
-7-
III. MAP
Figure 1, which follows/ is based on a composite of the
blue line "Plot Plan Hazardous Waste Facilities Effluent Plant"
and the "RCRA Monitoring Wells" Hawaiian Refinery Plot Plan
included in the facility's RCRA Part B application, the
blue line "Ground Water Exploratory Drilling Plan, Hawaiian
Refinery" provided to the EPA during the November 1986
reconnaissance visit, and Figure 2, the "Chevron Refinery Layout1
from the RCRA Facility Assessment dated December 1986. The
locations of the monitoring wells, plume deliniation wells, and
oil recovery wells are shown.
-------
H'
CHEVRON HAWAIIAN REFINERY
PLOT PLAN
O O O
CRUtC TANKS
x
^ X 13^ X 14
ooo
o
•
f
LEGEND
01ICBVATDI WtU
Ktovon vfu.
KLKUIIX \nu.
PURCHASED
lr HAWAIIAN ..
CLCCTRIC '
I jTUTU*C
I --x I
J
tS/'l/lt
-------
-9-
IV. RATIONALE FOR ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS, NUMBERS OF SAMPLES,
AND SAMPLE LOCATIONS.
The National Ground Water Task Force protocols call for the
EPA analysis of the complete RCRA Appendix IX parameter list and the
RCRA indicator parameters required of the specific facilities.
The specific compounds and the analytical methods used are identified
in Appendix A of this sample plan.
Due to programmatic limitations a maximum of 25 samples,
including OA/QC replicates and blanks, will be collected from the
monitoring wells. The criteria used to select the wells is:
. 1. Vicinity to RCRA waste management units and
2. Designation as a "RCRA monitoring well.
The rationale for the selection of the individual sampling points
follows.
Monitoring Wells 1 and 2 were selected to determine the
upgradient water quality. Hydrocarbons are not anticipated in
these well-s.
Monitoring wells 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
and 22 were selected because they are located near the RCRA
regulated units. Based on information provided by Chevron, it is
expected that some of these wells may contain immiscible
hydrocarbons.
Monitoring wells 4 and 8 were selected to provide spatial
coverage of the site.
-------
-10-
V. REQUEST FOR ANALYSIS
The National Ground Water Task Force protocols call for the
analysis of the complete RCRA Appendix IX parameter list and the
RCRA indicator parameters for EPA collected samples. The general
parameter sets are identified below in Table 4. The parameter
set for each well along with the preservatives, special handling
requirements, analytical holding times, laboratory contract
holding times, and bottle requirements is identified in Table 5,
"Request for Analyses."
Table 4: General analytical parameters for samples collected
for National Ground Water Task Force Investigations.
Volatile Organics (VOA) Extractable Organics:
Purgeable Organic Carbon (POC) Base/Neutral/Acids
Purgeable Organic, Halogen (POX) Pesticide/PCBs
Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Herbicides
Total Organic Halogens (TOX) . Dioxins/Furans
Phenols Metals:
Cyanide Total
Anions Dissolved
Sulfide
The Appendix IX list of compounds is not synonomous with the
Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Target Compound List (TCL) nor
the Hazardous Substance List (HSL). The specific analytes and
their associated methods to be used during this investigation are
identified in Appendix A of this sample plan.
This request for analysis is part of the CLP special analytical
services contract for the Task Force nationwide. As a result, the
request for analysis is not being handled by the Regional Sampling
Control Center in Region 9. A separation of CLP routine analytical
services and special analytical services is not necessary in this
sample plan
-------
5: Request for Analyses, Matrix « Water
5ES REQUESTED
WATIVES
TICAL HOLDING TINES
ACT HOLDING TINES
LE X SAMPLE
AMPLE
UMBERS
or Well
or Wall
i Blank
or Well
.or UeU
:or UeU
:or Well
:or Well
plicate
1 Blank
or Well
or UeU
or UeU
or UeU
or Wed
plicate
1 Blank
:or UeU
:or UeU
:or UeU
:or UeU
»l Blank
SAMPLE
SCHEDULE
2/9/B7
2/10/87
2/11/87
2/12/87
VOA, POC,
POX
(low cone)
Check
Headspace
Cool to 4 C
Hold 12
Cool to 4 C
14 days
14 days
NO. OF
BOTTLES
PER
ANALYSIS
1 x 16 oz
wide nouth
alas* jar
1 X
1 x
1x
1 x
1 X
1 X
1 X
2 x
1 x
1 X
1 x
1 x
1 x
2 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 X 1
1x1.
RAO-NUC
(low cone)
add HN03
to pH < 2
NO. OF
BOTTLES
PER
ANALYSIS
1 x 1 gal
cubetatner
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
2 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
2 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 X
MAJOR
AN IONS
(low cone)
Cool to 4 C
NO. OF
BOTTLES
PER
ANALYSIS
1 x 1 liter
poly
bottle |
i-
T
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
2 x
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
2 x
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
1 X
22 GROUND UATER SAMPLES
SAMPLE POINTS • 16 MONITORING UELLS
OA/I3C SAMPLES « 2 DUPLICATES, f EQUIPMENT BluAMK, 2 FIELD BLANKS, 1 TRAVEL BLANK
-------
-12-
VI. METHODS & PROCEDURES
A. Sample Collection Techniques
A.I Opening the Well
Access to each well will not be a problem since facility
personnel are planning to accompany the EPA field personnel at
each well. The PVC casing of each well is covered with an
unthreaded PVC cap.
A.2 Safety Survey
The initial safety survey at each well will occur the first
day on the site, immediately prior to measuring the static water
level. A photoionization detector or flame ionization detector
in conjunction with a radiation survey meter will be used to
determine the level of protection necessary for field operations
at the wellhead.
A.3 Measure Physical Parameters of the Well
The inner diameter (I.D.) of the well casing will be recorded.
Then, static water level, total depth of t"he well, and the presence
and depth to any immiscible liquids will be determined with an
interface probe. The probe will be lowered into the water slowly
to prevent splashing. The time of the measurement, equipment
used, ppint of reference, depth to water, well depth, and presence,
and depth of any immiscible liquids will be recorded on an the
appropriate data sheet (see Appendix B). The probe and the cable
used to lower it will be decontaminated using the same protocols
used with sampling equipment.
All of the wells will be sounded on the first day in the
field, prior to the sampling of any of them. The water level in
each well will also be measured immediately prior to sampling.
A.4 Well Purging Procedures
In a normal situation/ ground water monitoring wells have 3
casing volumes purged prior to sampling. However, a number of
the wells to be sampled by EPA have a layer of hydrocarbons
floating above the ground water. Where the intent is to sample
the ground water from just below the immiscible hydrocarbons, the
wells will not be purged prior to sampling. Where the intent is
to collect ground water and minimize the contact the samples will
have with the immiscible organics the wells will be purged from
below the floating layer with bladder pumps as discussed below.
-------
-13-
A number of the refinery monitoring wells have "dedicated"
bailers hanging in them. None of Chevron's sampling equipment
will be used in the EPA inspection. Portable bladder pumps and
PTFE bailers will be used by the EPA field team to purge the :
wells.
A. 4. a Well Purging Volume
The quantity of standing water that will be removed from
the casing prior to sampling will be a minimum of three casing
volumes. This required volume can be determined using the follow
ing formula:
4
V = volume of wa.ter in the well
D = inside diameter of the well casing
L = height of standing water in the casing.
Table 6, based on this formula, can be used to assist in calculating
the well volumes.
Table 6: Liquid volume in a one foot section of well casing.
Casing Volume of Water/ft casing
Inside Diameter V = 0, 0408x( I.D. ) 2
(inches) (gallons)
1 0.04
1.5 0.09
2 0.16
4 0.65
6 1.47
8 2.61
If the recovery rate of the well is sufficient three well
volumes will be evacuated. Wells with an insufficient recovery
rate are discussed in Section A.S.b. The amount of water removed
will be determined by collecting it in a container of known
volume during the purging operation.
When a pump is used to collect ground water while minimizing
the contact with an overlying immiscible layer then the purge
proceedures below will be followed:
1) Measure depth to water.
-------
-14-
3) Attach pump to a PFTE-coated stainless steel cable.
4) Lower pump slowly until it contacts the water surface.
and continue to lower it until the pump intake is at.
the bottom of the screened interval.
5) Begin purge, directing the discharge into the 55 gallon
drums provided by the facility.
Dedicated PTFE bailers with double check valves that are
bottom emptying will be used for purge and sample collection when
there is no overlying layer of hydrocarbons. Use of dedicated
bailers will minimize potential contamination of the samples.
PTFE coated stainless steel cable will be used for hauling
the bailers.
The purging will proceed as follows:
1) Measure depth to water.
2) Select a new or cleaned PTFE bailer.
3) Attach bailer to a PTFE-coated stainless steel cable
or wire. The cable will be of sufficient lenth to
allow for water-level drawdown during sampling.
4) Lower bailer slowly until it contacts the water surface.
5) Allow bailer to sink to the just below the water surface
and fill with minimal surface disturbance.
6) Slowly raise bailer to surface. Do not allow bailer
line to contact ground.
7} Pour purged water into the 55 gallon drums provided by
the facility.
Sampling personel will record the following information
during purging of the well:
1) Depth to water.
2) Type of purging equipment used including lines used to
lower equipment into the well. This will be recorded
for each well.
3) Date and time purge initiated and completed.
-------
-15-
4) Physical properties of evacuated water:
0 Color,
Odor,
0 Turbidity,
0 Presence of oil/grease or heavy-phase organic
compounds.
5) Intake depth.
6) Volumes purged.
7) Decontamination and cleaning procedures for equipment
used to sample more than one well.
The information will be recorded on the appropriate data sheet
(see Appendix B).
A.4.b Procedures for Slow-Recharging Wells
Where slow-recharging wells are encountered, the three casing
volume mininum excavation requirement may need to be waived. In
these situations, the volatile organic samples will be collected
as soon possible. The other samples will be collected after
sufficient volume has accumulated.
A.5 Sample Collection
The sampling and sample handling procedures which will be
instituted when the samples are being collected follow:
1) All sampling equipment which comes into contact with the
liquids in the well must be cleaned in accordance with
the procedures in Appendix C, taken from the Protocol
for Ground-Water Evaluations dated September 1986.
2) Sampling personnel must wear a clean pair of disposable
gloves at each sampling location.
3) Field blanks will be collected in the middle or near
the end of the sampling day by the same sampling team
members who collect the suspected contaminant samples.
4) One member of the sampling team will take all field
notes and records, while the other members conduct all
of the sampling.
-------
-16-
5) The sample collection sequence will follow the
order in which the parameters are listed on Tables
5 and 7. The EPA samples and facility replicates will
be collected by parameter group.
Sufficient sample material will be obtained so that
all of the parameters can be analyzed. The facility
has requested replicates of samples collected by the
EPA. This requires the collection of 2 sets of the
sample aliquots shown in Table 5. EPA will provide the
containers and add the preservtives to the samples prior
to transferring custody to the facility representatives.
A.6 Well Sampling Procedures-
As soon as possible after three casing volumes have been
purged from a well sample collection will be initiated. The
same bladder pump or bailer used to purge the well will be used
for sample collection.
When a pump is used it will be operated in a continuous
manner to prevent pulsating samples that are aerated in the
outflow line or upon discharge. The pumping rate when volatiles
are being collected will not exceed 100 milliliters/ minute.
Higher rates may cause an increased loss of volatile organics.
When a bailer is used it will be lowered to just below the water
surface.
A.7 Well In-Situ Measurements
Three in-situ parameters will be measured when each well
is sampled: temperature, pH, and specific conductance. These
parameters will be measured 4 times at the start and at the
completion of sampling. The results will be recorded on the
appropriate data sheets (see Appendix B). Separate samples
will be withdrawn from the well into 4 beakers. Direct-reading
instruments will then be used to record the results. The
direct-reading instruments may be used down-hole if the probe
line is long enough to reach the screened interval of the well
casing.
If direct-reading instruments are used in the well casing,
the probes and cable will be cleaned before use in the same
manner as the other sampling equipment. Actual depths at which
readings are taken will be recorded.
All instruments will be calibrated (with reference solutions
or internal standards) prior to making the reading; calibration
-------
-17-
information will be recorded along with the other sampling data
on the sample data sheets.
A.7.a Equipment for In-Situ Measurements
All field equipment that will be used for obtaining in-situ
measurements must be calibrated prior to the investigation and
at regular intervals during use. Calibration records must be
maintained to demonstrate the precision and accuracy of field
measurements made with a particular instrument. Calibration
records will include:
0 The make, model/ and serial number of the equipment
used.
0 The source and traceability of the standard(s) used for
calibration.
,° The name of the person performing the calibration, the
date and time, and a notation as to whether it was a.
routine check or one required by malfunction.
B. Disposal of Contaminated Materials
Chevron has agreed to provide 55 gallon drums at each of the
wells for the collection of the purge water. Chevron will
appropriately dispose of the contaminated materials and the purge
water generated by this investigation.
C. Decontamination
Decontamination of all field equipment must be performed prior
to use. The decontamination will be performed off-site whenever
possible and will follow the procedures identified in the
"Protocol for Ground-Water Evaluations" and included in Appendix C.
The waste solvents will be collected in a container for proper
disposal.
On-site decontamination will be performed only when exten-
uating circumstances dictate. If on-site decontamination is
performed, the procedure will be the same as for off-site
decontamination.
The facility's disposal procedures will be followed, when-
will include orooer documentation. If
-------
-18-
bailers or bladder pumps are decontaminated on-site an equipment
blank will be collected by rinsing the equipment with certified
organic free water and submitting aliquots of the rinsate
(equipment blank) to the laboratory for analysis.
D. Sample Containers, Preservatives, and Special Handling
Sample containers will be provided to the contractor from
the EPA CLP bottle repository. The containers will have been
precleaned according to protocols already in place for the CLP.
Sample container volumes, materials, and preservation method are
summarized by parameter in Table 5 and below in Table 7.
Those samples collected in 40 ml vials; VOAs, POC,' and POX,
will be checked for head space as they are collected. The TOX
sample will also be checked for head space. Samples with air
bubbles will be poured out and recollected.
The metals, TOC, phenols, cyanide, sulfide, and radionuclide
samples require the addition of preservatives as indicated in
Tables 5 and 7. The preservatives will be added to the sample
containers at the staging area after the samples have been collected,
The dissolved- metals samples will be filtered with a vacuum pump
through a 0.45 micron filter at the staging area prior to the
addition of the preservative.
All samples will be placed in coolers, chilled to 4°C with
ice, and stored out of the sun as they are collected.
E. Sample Shipment
All samples will be placed in coolers with appropriate
traffic report or sample ID labels, chain-of-custody seals, and
traffic report and chain of custody forms. The samples will be
securely packaged in styrofoam and plastic bubble wrap and sealed
in plastic bags. The forms will be enclosed in a waterproof
plastic bag and taped to the underside of the cooler lid. Empty
space in the ice chest will be filled with bubble pack, styrofoam,
and/or vermiculite to prevent breakage during shipment. All
samples will be shipped to the designated laboratories via Federal
Express for overnight delivery. Samples will be shipped on the
same day or day following collection.
The EPA's Sample Management Office will be notified daily as
to the sample shipping schedule and will be provided with the
following information:
0 Sampling contractor's name,
0 Project number,
-------
-19-
Table 7: Aliquots and Containers for Water Samples to be Collected at Chevron, HI.
Parameters
I / Type of
Sample Container
'Preservation
Comments
Volatile Organics
(TOAs)
Purgeable Organic Carbon )
(POC) )
Purgeable Organic Halogens)
(POX) )
Extractable Organics
Acid Extractables )
Base/Neutral Extractables)
Pesticides/PCBs )
Herbicides
Dioxins/Furans
Metals (Total)
Metals (Dissolved)
Total Organic Carbon
(TOG)
Total Organic Halogens
(TOX)
Phenolics
Sulfide
Ni trates/Ammonia
Cyanide
Radionuclides
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
Uranium
Radium
2 / 40 ml glass vials
teflon septa
1 / 40 ml glass vial
teflon septa
1 / 40 ml glass vial
tefon septa
Cool, 4°
Cool, 4°
Cool, 4°
8/1 liter amber
glass bottles
Cool, 4°
1/1 liter Polyethylene
bottles
1/1 liter Polyethylene
bottles
1 / 4 oz glass jar
1/1 liter amber
glass bottle
1/1 liter amber
glass bottle
1 / 4 oz glass
bottle
1/1 liter Polyethylene
bottle
1/1 liter Polyethylene
bottle
HNOj to pH<2
Cool, 4°
to pH<2
Cool, 4°
H2SO4 to pH<2
Cool, 4°
Cool, 4°
No Head Space
No Head Space
No Head Space
Filter prior
to preservation
No Head Space
H2SO4 to pH<2
Cool, 4°
Zinc Acetate, NaOH
Cool, 4°
H2SO4 to pH<2 Nitrates must be
Cool, 4° analyzed within
48 hours
NaOH to pH>12
Cool, 4°
1/1 gallon Cubetainer )
or )
4/1 liter Polyethylene) HN03 to pH<2
bottles )
-------
-20-
0 Exact number(s) and types(s) of samples shipped,
0 The name of the facility and location from where the
samples are being shipped,
0 The laboratory that the samples were shipped to,
0 Carrier, airbill number(s), method of shipment
(priority, next-day),
0 Shipment date and time, and
0 Irregularities or anticipated problems, such as special
handling needs, and hazardous samples.
Samples will be packaged properly for shipment and dispatched
to the appropriate laboratory for analysis, with a separate
custody record accompanying each shipment.
All field personnel will be cognizant of Department of
Transportation criteria for classifying samples as hazardous
material. When there is reasonable doubt as to whether or not a
particular sample is subject to Department of Transportation
(DOT) regulations, the shipper will consult with the U.S. EPA
Sample Management Office (SMO) prior to shipping the sample.
Each ice chest offered for shipment will be securely taped
shut.
F. Sample Documentation
Sample Documentation includes items such as logbooks, field
data records, sample traffic reports, chain-ofcustody records,
facility receipts for samples, and photographs.
F.I Field logbooks
All field logbooks will be assigned to the inspection
personnel for appropriate distribution and accountability. The
logbook of the regional project manager will document the transfer
of other logbooks to individuals who have been designated to
perform specific tasks during the inspection. All pertinent factual
information must be recorded in these logbooks from the time each
individual is assigned to the inspection team until the inspection
is completed. Logbook entries must be dated, legible, and contain
accurate and inclusive documentation of inspection activities. The
logbook must contain only facts and observations. Language
will be objective, factual, and free of personal opinions or
other terminology which might prove inappropriate. Entries made
by individuals other than the person to whom the logbook was
assigned are dated and signed by the individual who is making the
-------
-21-
F.2 Field Data Sheets
The field data sheets will be filled out by the sampling
contractors as they conduct the field work. The field data sheets
will be retained by Region 9.
F.3 Sample Traffic Reports and Chain-of-Custody Records
The collection of each sample will be documented on organic
and inorganic traffic reports and SAS packing lists. The top copy
of the forms will be sent to the Sample Management Office. The
second copy will be retained by Region 9. The third and fourth
copies accompany the samples to the laboratory. A photostat of
the forms will made for the EPA contractors who collected the
samples.
All EPA sample shipments will be accompanied by a Chain-of-
Custody Record identifying its contents. The original records
will accompany the shipment. The copies of the custody records
will be retained by Region 9. A photostat of the records- will be
made for the EPA contractors who collect the samples. Until
shipped or transferred, custody will be the responsibility of the
sampling contractor.
Each individual sample container will either have an EPA
gummed custody seal placed across its lid or will be placed
inside a plastic bag which will then be sealed with a gummed
custody seal. EPA samples will then be placed in ice chests
which will have either gummed seals placed across the lid or will
have phenolic seals used in conjunction with wire cables across
the lids to maintain custody. Chevron personnel will be responsible
for maintaining the custody of their own sample ice chests and
shipping containers.
Whenever replicate samples are offered to another agency or
the facility, it must be noted in the remarks section of the
custody form. The note indicates to whom the replicate samples
are being offered and is signed by both'the sampler and recipient.
F.4 Photographs
Whenever samples are collected, photographs will be taken
to verify the written description in the field logbook. In all
cases where a photograph is taken, the following information must
be written in the logbook.
0 Time, date, location, and, if appropriate, weather
r-nnrl i f- i ons :
-------
-22-
0 Complete description or identification of the subject
in the photograph;
taken;
0 The sequential number of the photograph and file roll
number; and
0 Name of person taking photograph.
When the photographs are developed/ the information recorded
in the field logbook will be transposed onto the back of the
photographs. Photographs and negatives are part of the project
, files and must be accounted for under document control procedures.
F.5 Labeling and Packaging
All samples collected will be labeled in a clear and precise
way for proper identification in the field and for tracking in
the laboratory. The CLP sample labels have a pre-assigned, unique
number that is indelible.
G. Quality Control Samples
The sampling activities during these evaluations will be
supported by preparing and analyzing several sets of quality
control (QC) samples. The QC samples fall into three major
categories. They are:
0 Field Blanks,
0 Background Samples,
0 Field Replicates, and
0 Laboratory QC Samples.
G.I Field Blanks
Several types of QC blanks are recommended for comprehensive
evaluation of groundwater sampling. They include:
0 Trip blanks,
0 Field blanks, and
0 Equipment blanks.
-------
-23-
Trip blanks are used to determine if contamination is intro-
duced by the sample containers or from conditions encountered
during shipping. This includes the time during container trans-
port to the facility and container storage at the facility.
These blanks will be prepared by the sampling team selected for
the individual facility to be evaluated. They are prepared by
using analytically certified organic free water of known high
purity/ and are sent with the other sample bottles to the field.
For each analytical parameter group such as organic compounds,
metals, and volatile compounds, one set of trip blanks will be
prepared and will accompany the monitoring personnel during the
sampling activities.
Field blanks are used to determine if contamination is
introduced by the sampling environment. They are prepared by
bringing a quantity of analytically certified organic free water
to the field and using this water to prepare appropriate sample
aliquots for each parameter. This is also the responsibility of
the sampling team and will be done once a day near the end of
the day's field work, at a sample point.
Equipment blanks are used to determine if contamination is
introduced by the sample collection equipment. Although the
recommended procedure is to have dedicated equipment for each
monitoring well to be sampled, there may be occasions when some
equipment, such as bladder pumps and bailers, will need to be
reused. After the equipment to be reused is decontaminated, a
quantity of certified organic free water will be passed through
the instrument and aliquots collected for each analytical parameter
An equipment blank must be collected by the sampling personnel
each day that sampling equipment is reused during the investigation.
This may be submitted for analysis in place of the field blank
for that day of sampling.
G.2 Replicate Samples
Replicate samples will be taken at least 10% per event,
for each sample matrix and for every analytical parameter group
to be tested. The replicate samples will be submitted to the
analytical laboratory along with all other samples.
It will be stressed that all field QC samples, both blanks
and duplicates, must be submitted in the same manner as the other '
field samples, with no distinguishing labeling or markings.
-------
-24-
G.3 Laboratory QC Samples
Matrix and matrix spike samples are analyzed by the EPA -
contract laboratories as part of the GWTF standard laboratory
quality control protocols. The samples which the laboratory
will spike will be selected in the field on the first day and
will be from a well or soil which is known or suspected to be
contaminated. The traffic report and chain of custody for these
samples will identify them as the matrix spike samples.
-------
ATTACHMENT I
ANALYTICAL.PARAMETERS FOR GROUND WATER ANALYSIS
RCRA Indicator Parameters
RCRA Appendix IX Parameters
-------
-------
RCRA INDICATOR PARAMETERS
Chloride Metals - Dissolved3
Sulfate Cyanide
Phenols • Radium
Nitrate Gross Alpha
Ammonia Gross Beta
TOC Turbidityb
TOX Specific Conductance^
POC
POX
a Dissolved metals are not RCRA indicator parameters but
they will be collected at this site. The samples will
filtered in the field by the EPA contractors.
b Parameters will be measured in the field.
-------
-------
ATTACHMENT II
FIELD DATA FORMS FOR GROUND WATER INVESTIGATIONS
-------
-------
1/87 Vfell f
STATIC VRTER LEVEL AND WELL
CONSTRUCTION DATA
Personnel:
Weather Conditions (temp, sky)
HNU / OVA / PHOTOVAC: Model # Reading:
Radiation Survey Meter: Make/ttodel Reading:
Outer Casing ID: Casing Type: Ht. above Grd.
Inner Casing ID: Casing Type: Ht. above Grd.
Well Condition (outside & downhole):
Sounder Make/Model:
Reference Point:
Depth to Floating Immisicbles (FI)
Depth to Water (DW)
Depth to Heavy Immiscibles (HI)
Measured Depth to Bottom (DB)
Thickness of Floating Immiscibles (DW - FI)
Thickness of Heavy Immiscibles (DB - HI)
Height of Water Column, no Heavy Immiscibles present (H) = DB - DW
Height of Water Column, Heavy Immiscibles present (H) = HI - DW
1 Casing Volume (CV) = ID mult x H
Desired Purge Volume (3 CV)
2" ID mult = 0.16
4" ID mult =0.65
6" ID mult = 1.47
8" ID mult = 2.61
-------
/87
Well f
PURGE EftlA
Personnel:
Equipment Type: Centrifugal Pump / Bladder Pump / Peristaltic Pump/ Bailer
Make/Model I
Intake Depth: Discharge Rate:
DIW prior to purge
Date/Time Initiated
Date/Tine Completed
volume evacuated
Characterize Purge
Water:
color
odor
turbidity
other
1st
Purge
•
2nd
Purge
3rd
Purge
Total "tolume Purged:
Comments:
-------
/87
Well *
Personnel:
GROUND WATER SAMPLE DATA SHEET
EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION
Date/Tims:
standard
reading
Routine / Malf untion
EC
standard
reading
FIELD PARAMETERS
Start of Sampling
Personne1:
Date/Time:
Completion of Sampling
Personne1:
Date/Time:
PH
Temp (C)
Temp Fact
EC x
EC25
1
2
2
4
pH
Temp (C)
Temp Fact
EC x
EC25
1
2
3
4
pH meter make/mode I/serial #:_
EC meter make/model/serial #:_
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Sampling Personnel:
Weather Conditions (Temp/ Sky Cond):
Date/Time Start:
Date/Time Complete:
Depth to Floating Immiscibles:
Depth to Water:
Depth to Heavy Immiscibles:
Sample Collection Depth:
Sample Collection Method:
Sample Equipment make/model:
SAMPLE NUMBERS
-------
/87
Well |
If first sampling incomplete, identify parameters collected:
GROUND WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION (2nd Increment)
Sampling Personnel:
Weather Conditions (Temp, Sky Cond):
Date/Time Start: :
Depth to Floating Immiscibles:
Depth to Water:
Sample Collection Method:
Sample Equipment make/model:
Identify parameters collected:
Date/Time Complete:
Depth to Heavy Immiscibles:
Sample Collection Depth:
COMMENTS
Date/Time:
Personnel:
Standard Solution
Reading:
OTU
TURBIDITY DATA
* For Turbidity >40 MTU use the formula:
Sample Turbidity = A x (B + C)
C
A = Turbidity of diluted Sample:
B = \folume of dilution water:
MTU
ml
-------
/87
EPA:
GROUND WRIER SAMPLE DATA SHEET
BLANK SAMPLE
Sample Numbers
Facility:
Location Poured:
Type of Blank:
TRAVEL
FIELD
EQUIPMENT:
Bailer (lot f
Bladder Pump (lot f
Type of Water:
Water Vender:
Water Lot f:
Sampling Personnel:
Weather Conditions (Temp, Sky Cond):
Date/Time Start:
Comments:
Date/Time Complete:
-------
-------
ATTACHMENT III
DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES FOR EQUIPMENT USED
IN A GROUND WATER INVESTIGATION
-------
-------
DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES FOR EQUIPMENT USED
IN A GROUND WATER INVESTIGATION
Sampling personnel should assume that sampling equipment,
ither new or used/ is contaminated and, therfore, should be
:econtaminated according to the procedures appropriate for its
instruction and intended use. The decontamination of equipment
.hould be performed at the laboratory of the sampling team prior
.o the inspection.
The decontaminated equipment should be packaged to protect
.t from dust. Aluminum foil is preferred for wrapping the
iecontaminated equipment. Plastic bags can be used to hold larger
terns, such as bailers and bladder pumps, after they are wrapped
.n aluminum foil. A label stating the level of decontamination,
iate of decontamination, and initials of individual certifying
lecontamination should be attached to the protective package in
juch a way that the label will not be torn during unpackaging. A
)iece of equipment in a package with a torn label should not be
ised for sampling and should be considered as contaminated.
•
Field decontamination of sampling equipment should be
performed-only under extenuating circumstances such as logistical
:onsiderations and shortage of dedicated sampling equipment.
•Then field decontamination cannot be avoided, the following
^energal rules should be adhered to:
1) No equipment should be decontaminated in the field more
than once between laboratory decontamination.
2) Equipment used to collect hazardous waste samples must
be decontaminated before it can be used to collect
environmental samples. In general, any decontaminated
equipment should only be used to collect samples of
"lower quality" than the first sample collected.
3) All decontamination and subsequent use of decontaminated
equipment should be documented in a field logbook.
4) Equipment should never be reused if visual signs, such
as discoloration, indicate that decontamination was
insufficient.
Decontamination of samll sampling tools, such as soil scoops
and containers, is not be required if the equipment is properly
disposed of after use. Disposable sampling tools and waste
products from field decontamination, such as waste rinse water
and waste solvent, should be properly disposed of on-site in
accordance with the disposal procedures of the facility or should
oe packaged for off-site disposal.
-------
NOTE: Chromic acid can be used to remove persistent organic
deposits. This is never used for metal sample
containers.
Level 3 Decontamination
The following decontamination procedures are suitable for
sample containers used to store metal samples.
1) Wash thoroughly with nonphosphate detergent in hot water
2) Rinse once with 1:1 nitric acid
3) Rinse several times with tap water
4) Rinse once with 1:1 hydrocholoric acid
5) Rinse several times with tap water
6) Rinse several times with reagent grade distilled/deionized
water
7) Invert and air dry in dust free environment
8) Cap after drying; use aluminum foil
NOTE: If chormic acid is used as cleaning agent, rinsing
must be increased. Note the use of chormic acid on
bottle box seal.
Level 4 Decontamination
The following procedures are suitable for decontaminating
safety equipment such as respirators, boots, and gloves that are
susceptible to degradation by solvent rinsing.
1) Brush off loose dirt with soft bristle brush or cloth
2) Rinse thoroughly with tap water
3) Wash in nonphosphate detergent in warm water
4} Rinse thoroughly with tap water
5) Rinse thoroughly with reagent grade distilled/deionized
water
6) Air dry in dust free enviornment, keep articles out of
the sun.
7) Store in plastic bags.
-------
Level 5 Decontamination
The following procedures are suitable for decontamianting
ancillary equipment such as ropes, extension cords, generators,
had carts, and field sampling equipment to be returned to the '.
laboratory for decontamination.
1) Brush off loose dirt with stiff bristle brush
2) Rinse off with high pressure water
3) Air dry
Field Decontamination of Pumps
1) Submerge pumps in a nonphosphate detergent solution such
as Alconox***
2) Operate pump for a minimum of 10 minutes; recycle the
soap solution to a wash basin through an entire length
of hose when the hose must be reused
3) Clean all exterior surfaces of both tubing and pump with
bristle brush and clean cloth
4) Submerge pump in tap water
5) Operate pump for a minimum of 10 minutes; recycle the
water to rinse basin through an entire length of hose
6) Submerge pump in reagent grade distilled/deionized water
*** References to Alconox in this report are for
illustration only; they do not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
7) Pump the deionized water to the rinse basin for disposal
(do not recycle deionized water)
8) Repeat steps 6 and 7 two times
9) Place pump and hose on rack to air dry
10) Wrap pump and hose in aluminum foil and then place the
equipment in a plastic bag; seal bag and place a label
on the bag indicating date of decontamination
Field Decontamination of Bailers
1) Disassemble both top and bottom check valve assemblies
-------
2) Clean all component parts in nonphosphate detergent
solution using a bristle brush and a bottle brush to
clean inside surfaces
3) Rinse all surfaces five times with tap water
4) Rinse all surfaces twice with pesticide grade hexane
5) Rinse all surfaces five times with reagent grade distilled/
deionized water
6) Place all components on rack and allow to air dry
7) Wearing clean surgical gloves (powderless), reassumble
bailer
8) Wrap bailer in aluminum foil and place it in a plastic
bag; seal and label the bag indicating date of
decontamination
Field Decontamination of Compositing Containers
1) Scrub both inside and outside surfaces of container,
lid, and PTFE liner with nonphosphate detergent solution
using a bristle brush -
2) Rinse five times with tap water
3) Rinse once-with hexane
4) Rinse five times with reagent grade distilled/deionized
water
5) Place on drying rack and allow to air dry
6) Replace PTFE liner and lid
7) Place label on lid and indicate date of decontamination
-------
APPENDIX D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 9
National Ground Water Task Force
CHEVRON USA, INC
HAWAIIAN- REFINERY
GROUND WATER SAMPLING DOCUMENTATION REPORT
Peter Rubenstein
December/ 1987
-------
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paqe
Introduction 1
Field Work Completed 2
Modifications and Clarifications of the
Sample Plan 6
Attachment I: Field Data Identified by Sampling Point
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 EPA, VERSAR, and State of Hawaii
Personnel Participating in the 2/9 - 2/13
EPA Sampling Effort at Chevron.
Samples collected each day at Chevron,
sorted by agency, parameter, identifying
the sample f and the number of sample
containers per parameter.
-------
INTRODUCTION
The ground water sampling component of the Hazardous Waste
Ground Water Task Force investigation at Chevron was conducted
February 9-13, 1987. The major objectives of the fieldwork were
to
1. Characterize the quality of the ground water beneath
the site,
2. Determine which hazardous waste constituents are
present in the ground water at the refinery, and
3. If these contaminants are moving out of management
units and off-site.
EPA with its contractor, VERSAR, sampled 13 monitoring wells.
A total of 17 samples; including Quality Assurance replicates and
blank samples were collected. The facility rejected an offer for
replicate samples.
The field activities were based upon an EPA Sample Plan,
dated January 1987 and prepared prior to the investigation. It
is included as Appendix C of the Hazardous Waste Ground-Water
Task Force report, "Evaluation of Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Honolulu,
Hawaii". Modifications to the Sample Plan protocols were made in
the field when necessary and were documented in the field notes of
the EPA and VERSAR personnel.
The EPA ground water samples were shipped to EMSI laboratory
for organic analyses, Centec Laboratory for inorganic analyses,
Compu-Chem Laboratory for dioxin analyses, and Aculabs for analysis
of the radionuclide parameters.
The analytical results for the samples collected will not be
included in this report.
-------
FIELD WORK COMPLETED
A reconnaissance visit was made in November 1986 as part of
the overall Task Force Investigation. At that time an effort was
made to identify the location of the wells and to determine what
special purge or sampling equipment might be necessary to complete
the EPA sampling effort in August. Hannibal Joma and Peter
Rubenstein of EPA were escorted by the Chevron Refinery's Environ-
mental Manager during this initial investigation.
The EPA and VERSAR sampling teams arrived on site on February
9, 1987 to begin the field investigation. Additional personnel
from "EPA and State of Hawaii were also on site at various
times during the sampling event to assist and observe the field
investigation. Table 1 identifies all of the EPA, VERSAR, and
State of Hawaii personnel who participated in this field effort.
Chevron assigned staff to escort and accompany the EPA and VERSAR
Task Force personnel while on-site.
Sampling was conducted according to the methods and protocols
specified in the EPA Region 9 "Chevron USA, Inc./ Hawaiian Refinery,
Ground Water Sample Plan", dated January, 1987, and included as
Appendix C to this report.
On the first day in the field, February 9, the staging area
and equipment were set up and initial measurements of depth to
water were taken. Interface probes were used to determine if any
immiscible liquids were present as the wells were,sounded. Purging
and sampling of the wells began on February 9 and all EPA field
work at the site was concluded on February 13.
Table 2 summarizes the samples collected on a day by day
basis. The samples are identified by well location, sample
number, and type of QA/QC sample when applicable. Total depth,
depth to water, the purge/sample sequence, purge and sampling
method, field parameters, and sample numbers are presented
in Attachment II of this documentation report.
VERSAR personnel conducted the actual EPA sample collection.
VERSAR provided all of the sampling equipment which is identified
in Appendix A of the Sample Plan. The equipment was decontaminated
prior to shipment to the site according to the protocols estab-
lished in the "Hazardous Waste Ground Water Task Force Protocol
For Ground-Water Evaluations" dated September 1986.
Immediately after filling the containers at a sampling point,
VERSAR personnel returned to the staging area where they measured
turbidity and filtered and preserved those samples as required.
All samples were kept on ice from the moment of collection.
-------
Table 1: EPA, VERSAR, and State of Hawaii Personnel
Participating in the 2/9 - 2/13 EPA Sampling Effort
at Chevron.
AGENCY
NAME
DATES ON SITE
EPA
VERSAR
Peter Rubenstein
Frances Schultz
Dan Sullivan
Ken Yelsey
Alicia Freitas
Mark McElroy
Don Paquette
2/9
2/12
2/9
2/9
2/9
2/9
2/9
2/13
2/13
2/13
2/13
2/13
2/13
2/13
HI DOH
Dan Chang
Grace Marcos
Cecilia Ornellas
Leslie Segundo
2/9 & 2/12
2/9 - 2/10
2/10 - 2/11
2/9 - 2/10 &
2/12
-------
Sample* collected at CHEVRON, HI by the Task Force 2/9 • 2/12, sorted by date shipped.
ill *
EXT TOTAL DIS.
Agency Sample * VOA ORG POC POX HETALS METALS
TOC TOX PHENOLS CM NH3/N03 ANIOHS SOLFIDES RAO D10XIN TOTAL
i 2
i 1 (fid blk)
J 11
J12
J 6 (dup/mtx)
U 6 (dup)
W 5
U 21
U 22
U 19
U 1
bailer blk)
U 17
V 15
iW 18
IW 7
trip blk)
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA •
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
HQA 789
HQA 832
HQA 833
MQA 834
HQA 835
HQA 836
HQA 837
HQA 838
HQA 839
HQA 841
HOA 843
HQA 788
HQA 840
HQA 842
HQA 844
HQA 845
HQA 787
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
9
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
V 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
I
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
I 2
22
22
22
22
28
22
22
22
22
22
22
25
22
22
22
22 H
25 9?
cr
IOTE: All of the redlonucllde tanple sets were collected In 1 x 1
Samples HQA 787 AND HQA 788, which were eoch collected In A
TOTAL * OF GROUND WATER SAMPLE SETS COLLECTED:
Honltor Wells
QA Duplicates
QA Dups/Htx Spikes
QA Boiler Blanks
QA Field Blanks
OA Trip Blanks
got Ion cubctainers except for the trip and bailer blanks,
x 1 liter nnibcr gloss bottles.
13
1
1
1
1
1
n
-------
The samples, identified in Table 2, were shipped on the day
of or day following collection. The samples were shipped by
Federal Express with next day delivery to the laboratories.
The EPA samples were sent to the EPA Contract Lab Program
(CLP) laboratories for analysis. Centec Laboratory conducted the
inorganic analytical procedures on the ground water samples;
total and dissolved metals, phenols, cyanides, NH3, NC>3,
804, Cl, Sulfides, purgeable organic carbons (POC), purgeable
organic halides (POX), total organic carbons (TOC), and total
organic halides (TOX). EMSI laboratory conducted the organic
analytical procedures on the water samples; Volatile organic
analyses (VOAs), extractable organic compounds, pesticides,
herbicides, and PCBs. Aculabs laboratory did the analyses on the
Radiounuclide parameters; radium, gross alpha, and gross beta.
Compuchem did the analyses on the dioxin furan parameters.
Sample Traffic Reports, Chain of Custody Forms, Receipts for
Samples, and photographs were used as part of the documentation
of the EPA sampling effort. These forms and the photographs
taken on site are on file EPA Region 9.
MODIFICATIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS TO THE SAMPLE PLAN
The procedures presented in the Sample Plan, Appendix A,
were modified in the field at some sampling points. These modi-
fications are identified below by appropriate section of the
Sample Plan.
Section IV
Wells 16 and 18 were not sampled due to safety considerations
High readings of organic vapors were recorded in the breathing
zone while the wells were sounded and as purging was initiated.
Well 21 as a replacement well. Samples from wells 4 and 8 were
determined to be unnecessary to achieve the objectives of the
investigation.
Section VI.A.2
All wells were surveyed with a Photovac TIP for organic
vapors and a Ludlum Model 44-9 meter for radiation. There were
no radiation readings above background. Organic vapors were
detected in wells 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21,
and 22.
-5-
-------
Section VI.A.3
The interface probe was not able to electronically identify
the presence of hydrocarbons floating above the ground water.
Those locations where oil was found were identified by the presence
of a residue on the probe or cable as they were withdrawn from the
well.
Section VI.A.4.a
All of the wells which were sampled were purged. Well 1,
which had a 50' column of water, was purged and sampled with a
bladder pump. The other wells were purged with bailers because
there was inadequate head to operate bladder pumps.
Wells 5, 17, and 22 had less than 3 casing volumes purged
from them. The purge volume from well 18 was not recorded.
Section VI.A.5
Chevron decided to not accept any replicate samples from the
Task Force investigation.
Section VI.A.7.a
The in-situ field parameters were measured at the start
of sample collection at each well.
Section VI.C
The only field equipment used for ground water sampling
which needed to be decontaminated on site was the water level
indicator (sounder) and the PTFE-coated stainless steel cable
used with the bailers. As the lines were drawn out of the well
they were wiped with a Kimwipe* soaked with Hexane followed with
a Kimwipe* soaked with distilled water. The tip of the sounder
was rinsed with Hexane and distilled water at the completion of the
wipe. The cable and the sounders were stored in plastic bags
between sample points.
-------
ATTACHMENT I
FIELD DATA
IDENTIFIED BY SAMPLING POINT
-------
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
52.53
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 7.57
Water Column, ft 35.89
1 Casing Volume, gal 23.3
1st Purge
Method Bladder Pump
• Date'Initiated 02/11/87
Time Initiated 850
Date Completed 02/11/87
Tine Completed 1328
Elapsed Time 4 hrs 38 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 80
Total VolLtne Purged, gal
80
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 24 min
Total Elapsed Time 4 hrs 38 min
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Bladder Pump
02/11/87
1352
1411
19 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-sampling
1341
26.8
>20,000
7.2
A
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
Blank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MOA 843
HOA 832
COMMENTS No apron around casing
No outer casing
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
f.
22.16
2V. 16
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 17.30
Water Colum. ft 3.86
1 Casing Volume, gal 2.5
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated • 02/09/87
Time Initiated ' 1310
Date Completed 02/09/87
Time Completed 1330
Elapsed Time 20 mt>
Volume Evacuated, gal 8
Total Volume Purged, gal
8
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 0 m'n
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method Bailer
Date 02/09/87
Time Initiated 1330
Time Completed U15
Elapsed Time 45 nin
Depth to Uater, ft '7.-
FIELD PARAMETERS
Total Elapsed Time
20 min
Time
Mean Te«np, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-sampling
1330
26.2
3000
7.3
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
Blank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MOA 789
COMMENTS No apron around the casing
No outer casing
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
A
19.41
18.07
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volume, gal
COMMENTS
13.92
4.15
2.7
Samples not collected.
Wo concrete apron around casing
Ho outer casing
Facility bailer in welt
Oi1 floating in wel1
-------
WELL NUMBER 4
Casing id, in 3.5
Total Depth, ft (as built) 17.15
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87) 17.24
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 13.10
Water Column, ft 4.14
1 Casing Volume, gal 2.7
COMMENTS Samples not collected
No concret apron around casing
No outer casing
•facility bailer in well
OiI floating on water
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id. in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
3.5
9.57
9.67
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 6.07
Water Column, ft 3.60
1 Casing Volume, gal 2.3
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/10/87
Time Initiated U30
Date Completed 02/10/87
Time Completed U50
Elapsed Time 2'0 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 5.0
Total Volume Purged, gal 5
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 25 min
Total £ lapsed Time
20 mm
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Dare
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Tire
1st Rouno
Saiter
02/iO/87
1515
1535
20 mm
1st Rounc Parameters
'.3As Toral Metals
-CC Dissolved Met els
'CX Dioxin/Furans
TCC Sulfices
2nd Round
Bailer
02/11/87
940
1009
29 mm
Hxt. Ore
TCX
Cyanides
Phenols
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
1st Sound
1517
26.3
5150
7.2
31
2nd Round
953
26.7
5600
7.4
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
Blank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MOA 837
COMMENTS No concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
Facility bailer on ground
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
3.5
13.47
12.80
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 8.46
Water Column, ft 4.34
1 Casing Volume, gal 2.8
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/10/87
Time Initiated 1031
Date Completed 02/10/87
Time Completed 1042
Elapsed Time 11 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 9.0
loral Volume Purged, gal 9
Puree Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 8 min
Total Elapsed Time
11 min
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Bailer
02/10/87
1050
1137
67 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-sampling
1047
27.2
4250
7.2-
20
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
6(ank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MQA 835
MQA 836
COMMENTS Casing loose
No concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
9.58
8.00
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 4.46
Water Column, ft 3.54
1 Casing Volume, gal 2.3
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/12/87
Time Initiated 1013
Date Completed 02/12/87
Time Completed 1040
Elapsed Time 27 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 7.0
Total Volume Purged, gal 7
Purge Completion to.Sample initiation
Elapsed Time 10 min
Total Elapsed Time
27 min
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Sailer
02/12/87
1050
<1150
<1 hr
FIELD PARAMETERS
T ime
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
?re-sa
-------
WELL NUMBER
8
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
3.5
15.52
15.54
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volume, gal
11.13
4.41
2.9
COMMENTS Samples rot collected
Mo concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
Oil floating on water
Facility bailer in well
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing' id, in
Total Depth, ft (as bui(t)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
3.5
9.83
5.70
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volume, gal
5.32
0.38
0.2
COMMENTS Samples not collected
No concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
Facility bailer in well
-------
WELL NUMBER
10
Casing id. in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
15.U
15.27
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volume, gal
10.38
«.90
3.2
COMMENTS Sanples not collected
No concrete apron around casing
Ho outer casing
Facility bailer ir. well
-------
WELL NUMBER 11
Casing id, in 4
Total Depth, ft (as built) Mot Given
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87) U.50
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 11.20
Water Column, ft 3.30
1 Casing Volume, gal 2.1
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/10/87
Time Initiated 815
Date Completed 02/10/87
Time Completed 835
Elapsed Time 20 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 7.2
Total Volume Purged, gal 7.2 Total Elapsed Time 20 mm
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 0 min
SA-=LE COLLECTION
Method Bailer
Date 02/10/87
Time Initiated 835
Time Completed 914
Elapsed Time 39 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Pre-sampling
Time 835
Mean Temp. C 26.4
Mean EC25, umhos/cm 4000
Mean pH 7.2
Turbidity, NTU 375
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample MOA 833
Duplicate
BIank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
COMMENTS No concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
Facility bailer in well
Purge water very turbid/gritty
-------
UEU NUMBER
12
Casing id, in 4
Total Depth, ft (as built) Not Given
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)- 14.33
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 10.09
Water Column, ft 4.24
1 Casing Volume, gal 2.8
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/10/87
Time Initiated 808
Date Completed 02/10/87
Time Completed 820
Elapsed Time 12 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 11.0
Total Volume Purged, gal 1"
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
EIapsed T i me . 8 mi n
Tcial Elapsed
12 min
SAMPLE COLLECT I ON
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Bailer
02/10/87
828
857
29 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, WTU
Pre-sampling
827
27.9
4500
7.2
12
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
Blank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MQA 834
COMMENTS No concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
Facility bailer in well
-------
WELL- NUMBER
13
Casing id. in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
4
U.OO
13.54
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volune, gal
6.48
7.06
4.6
COMMENTS Samples not collected
Wo concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
Facility bailer, in wet I
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
4
K.OO
13.77
PURGE
Depth to Uater. ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volume, gal
8.31
5.46
3.5
COMMENTS Samples not collected
No concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
-------
WELL NUMBER
15
Casing id. in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
U.OO
U.25
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 6.29
Water Column, ft 7.96
1 Casing Volume, gal 5.2
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/12/87
Time Initiated 750
Date Completed 02/12/87
Time Completed 826
Elapsed Time 36 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 18.0
Total Volume Purged, gai
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time • 11
Total Elapsed Time
36 min
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Bailer
02/12/37
837
903
26 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-sampling
837
30.4
>20,000
7.0
400
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
BIank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MQA 842
COMMENTS No concret apron around casing
No outer casing
Facility bailer in *ell
Oil floating on water
Samples collected in Level C
-------
WELL NUMBER
16
Casing id. in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
U.OO
13.95
PURGE
Depth to Uater, ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volume, gal
7.89
6.06
3.9
COMMENTS Samples not collected
No outer casing
. Facility bailer in well
-------
WELL NUMBER
17
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
4
U.OO
U.OO
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 7.96
Water Column, ft 6.IK
1 Casing Volume, gal 3.9
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/11/87
Time Initiated 1130
•Date Completed ' 02/22/87
Time Conpleted 1230
Elapsed Time 1 hr
Volume Evacuated, gal 11.0
Total Volume Purged, gal
11
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 2 hrs 6 min
Total Elapsed Time
1 hr
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Bailer
02/11/87
U06
U29
23 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-samplino
U02
27.7
1200
7.4
92
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
Blank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
' MQA840
COMMENTS No concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
Facility bailer in well
-------
WELL NUN8ER
18
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
4
15.17
H.25
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 7.25
Water Column, ft 7.00
1 Casing Volume, gal 4.6
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/12/87
Time Initiated • 1002
Date Completed 02/12/87
Time Completed 1012
Elapsed Time 10 min
Volume Evacuated, gal < 18
Total Volume Purged, gat < 18
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time
8 min
Total Elapsed Ti.T*
10 min
SAKPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Sailer
02/12/87
1020
1055
35 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Hean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm •
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-sampling
1020
28.3
1300
7.2
135
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
BIank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MOA844
COMMEMTS Mo concrete apron around casing
No outer casing
-------
WELL NUMBER
19
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
U.33
13.04
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 6.48
Water Column, ft 6.56
1 Casing Volume, gal 4.3
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/11/87
Time Initiated 1128 •
Date Completed 02/11/87
Time Completed 1152
Elapsed Time 24 min
Volume Evacuated, gal U.O
Total Volume Purged, gal 14
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 8 min
lot a I Elapsed Time
SAKPIE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Sailer
02/11/87
1200
1230
30 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-sampling
1158
27.4
15500
7.6
475
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
Blank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MOA 841
COMMENTS No outer casing
Facility bailer in welt
-------
WELL NUMBER
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
20
4
15.17
14.56
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87)
Water Column, ft
1 Casing Volume, gal
9.48
5.08
3.3
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/11/87
Time Initiated 820
Date Completed ' 02/11/87
Time Completed 830
Elapsed Time 10 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 5.5
Total Volume Purged, gal
5.5
COMMENTS Oil floating above ground water
Purge initiated in Level C
Purge Halted due'to safety considerations
Samples not collected
-------
WELL NUMBER
21
Casing id, in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
4
15.00
H.50
PURGE
Depth to Water, ft (2/9/87) 8.25
Uater Column, ft 6.25
1 Casing Volume, gal 4.1
1st Purge
Method Bailer
Date Initiated 02/11/87
Time Initiated 922
Date Completed 02/11/87
Time Completed before 945
Elapsed Time < ?3 win
Volume Evacuated, gal < 14
Total Volume Purged, gal
Purge Completion to Sataple In it is: ion
Elapsed Time
< 14
Total Elapsed Time
< 23 min
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
Sailer
02/11/87
945
1022
37 min
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Pre-sampling
1000
27.7
5250
7.2
10
TRAFfIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
BIank/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MOA 838
COMMENTS No outer casing
-------
WELL NUMBER
22
Casing id. in
Total Depth, ft (as built)
Total Depth, ft (2/9/87)
4
15.08
15.00
PURGE
Depth to Uater, ft (2/9/87) 8.45
Water Coturn, ft 6.55
1 Casing Volume, gal 4.3
1st Purge
Hethod Bailer
Date Initiated 02/10/87
Time initiated 1305
Date Completed 02/10/87
Time Completed 1338
Elapsed Time 23 min
Volume Evacuated, gal 7.0
Total Volume Purged, gal 7
Purge Completion to Sample Initiation
Elapsed Time 7 min
Total Elapsed TIT*
33 ;n in
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Method
Date
Time Initiated
Time Completed
Elapsed Time
1st Round
Bailer
02/10/87
1345
1348
3 min
1st Round Parameters
VCAs
2nd Round
Bailer
02/10/87
1435
1500
25 min
2nd Ro'jria Parameter
All other Parameter
FIELD PARAMETERS
Time
Mean Temp, C
Mean EC25, umhos/cm
Mean pH
Turbidity, NTU
Post-sampt ing
1453
28.2
5000
7.2
1300
TRAFFIC REPORT NUMBERS
Sample
Duplicate
81 ante/Background
Matrix Spike/Duplicate
MOA 839
COMMENTS No concrete apron around well
No outer casing
Purged almost completely dry
Purge water extremely turbid w/ a milky white color
-------
APPENDIX E
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 9
National Ground Water Task Force
CHEVRON, HI REFINERY
GROUND WATER SAMPLING AUDIT
Peter Rubenstein
December 1987
-------
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Review of Chevron's
May 1987 Sampling Effort
Review of Chevron's
Sampling and Analysis Plan
Page
Actual May 1987 Sampling vs.
the Sampling and Analysis Plan Protocols 5
Conclusions 6
Recommendations 6
-------
-------
INTRODUCTION
A sampling audit was conducted at the Chevron USA, Inc.
Hawaiian Refinery (Chevron) by the EPA from May 12 to May 13. -.
Samples were collected by the refinery personnel and analyzed by
Accurex Laboratory in Mountain View, California.
CHEVRON'S MAY 1987 SAMPLING EFFORT
Overview of. the May 1987 Sampling Effort
Thirteen samples, plus 1 duplicate were collected by Chevron
over a 2 day period. EPA representatives observed the purge of 4
of the wells and the collection of all 13 samples. Chevron purged
all of its wells the first day of the sampling event and sampled
them on the second. The wells were purged with a Guzzler*, a hand
operated vacuum pump, and sampled with dedicated PVC bailers.
All of the sample containers were provided by Accurex.
Preservatives were added by the Chevron technician in the field
as part of the sample collection process.
Depth to water was measured at all of the wells prior to purge
and again prior to sample collection. The bailers were decontaminated
before their use in refinery lab.
The field water quality parameters of temperature, pH, and EC
were measured before, during, and after sample collection. The
samples were poured into an intermediate vessel prior to pouring
them into the appropriate vials or bottles. The sample containers
were put into coolers, under ice, and stored. They were repackaged
and shipped on the same day they were collected.
Field Documentation
The containers were pre-labeled by the laboratory. The field
personnel identified the sample numbers. Depth to Bottom, Depth to
Water, date and time of the start of the purge and sample collection,
volume purged, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and well
condition were recorded in the sampler's field notes. The formula
and coefficients used to calculate the purge volumes were not
recorded in the field notes.
A chain of custody/analysis request form accompanied the
samples to the laboratory. However, the actual samples were not
checked against the form as they were packaged for shipping.
-------
Purge
A steel tape was used to measure the depth to water and depth
to bottom prior to purging each well. A flashlight was used to'
determine when the tape reached the water surface. The purge
volumes were calculated using these measurements along with the
bore diameter rather than the casing diameter of the wells.
The Guzzler* with a ribbed hose and check valve was used to
purge each of the wells. The purge water was placed into 55 gallon
drums. Chevron made an effort to purge 4 bore volumes from each of
the wells. The ribbed inflow hose was decontaminated between each
well. The exterior was wiped with a solvent. The interior was
decontaminated by pumping distilled water through the hose.
Sample Collection, Handling/ andPreservation
All of the samples were collected using dedicated, freshly
decontaminated PVC bailers. This differed from prior sampling
events. Previously the dedicated bailers were left hanging in the
wells between events. The samples were collected the day
following the purge with an interval of 12 to more than 24 hours
between the completion of the purge and the initiation of the
sampling. Once sampling was initiated the Chevron technician
doing the sampling consistently measured the field parameters
twice, collected the TOC samples, the TOX samples, and then
remeasured the field parameters.
The samples were collected from just off the well bottom. An
intermediate vessel ( a glass beaker) was used to composite the
water prior to filling the 40 ml vials (TOC samples). If there was
a headspace problem, the vial would be topped off from the sample
water still sitting in the beaker. Often the vial would be agitated
to remove the bubbles and then topped off. Rarely was the vial
emptied and refilled. After each vial was filled 2 drops of
H2S04 were added as a preservative. The TOX samples were collected
in 1 liter, wide mouth, amber bottles. Both the TOC and TOX containers
were placed under ice as they were collected.
Field Parameters
The field parameters were measured before during and after
sample collection. The equipments' calibration was checked
immediately prior to the initial measurements at each well.
Temperature was not always measured immediately and the samples
were not placed into the shade prior to measurement. The EC
standard, a 600 umho/cm solution (Nalco solution 298), was too low
to determine the accuracy of the actual ground water measurements.
The calibration of the pH probe was checked against a buffer
solution of pH '7.
-------
Decontamination
EPA personnel were not able to observe the decontamination of
the PVC bailers prior to their use. This took place prior to EPA
arrival on site. The decontamination of the dedicated bailer is a
new procedure for Chevron. Prior to this effort they left the
bailers hanging in the wells between sampling events.
The steel measuring tape and the exterior of the hose used
during the purge were decontaminated with "mixed hexane" and distilled
water. They were wiped down with clean rags proccured from a
laundary. The same rag was used for the cables on the bailers.
The decontamination of the beaker used as an intermediate
vessel during the collection of the TOC samples consisted solely of
a rinse with distilled water.
Gloves were not changed frequently enough. On occaission the
same gloves used for decontamination had been used during the prior
sample collection.
Packaging
The samples were iced'as they were collected and repackaged in
bubble wrap and re-iced just prior to shipment. A Sample Analysis
Reguest sheet did not accompany each sample during shipment. The
samples were not cross-checked against the paperwork prior to final
packaging to insure that all containers could be accounted for.
Chain-of-Custody
The samples were left unattended and without custody seals
during part of the sampling effort. Metal tabs taped over the ice
chest lids were used as custody seals during the shipment of the
samples to the lab. Chain-of-custody could be easily violated
without any noticable tampering of the seals.
REVIEW OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
The Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan in the RCRA Part B
application was identified as the facility's Sampling Plan.
This document does not provide anywhere near the detail necessary
for reviewers to determine the adequacy of specifics in the proposed
program/ nor does it provide the detail necessary to guide refinery
personnel while they are conducting the sampling event. A number
of inadequacies are identified below.
-------
Static Water Level
0 When depth to water and depth to bottom will be measured
during the sampling effort relative to both purge and sample
collection.
0 Increment of measure.
Well Purge
0 Specific equipment used to purge the well.
0 Where in the water column the purge water will be collected.
0 Number of well volumes will to be purged prior to sample
collection.
0 Equations and/or constants to be .used in the calculation of the
purge volumes.
0 Modification of purge and sample collection procedures for
when the well is purged dry.
0 Modifications of
purge and sample collection procedures for when immiscibles
are discovered in a well.
0 Disposal of purge water.
«
Sample Collection
0 Specific equipment used to collect the samples.
0 Where in the water column the samples will be collected.
0 Parameter sequence in which the samples will be collected.
0 Procedures to be followed to minimize the loss of volatile
constituents when samples are collected?
0 Type of sample containers, volumes, preservatives, and special
handling organized by parameter.
Decontamination
0 Specific procedures to be used in the decontamination of
sampling and purging equipment.
0 Procedures specifying the appropriate use of dedictated vs
re-useable equipment.
0 Grade/quality of water and solvents to be used for decontamin-
ation of equipment.
Field Parameters
0 Number of replicate measurements to be made.
0 Timing of measurement relative to actual sample collection.
0 Calibration standards to be used for each field parameter.
0 Frequency of calibration checks.
-------
Field QA/QC Samples
0 Frequency of collection of field QA/QC samples (duplicates,
background, field blanks, travel blanks, equipment rinsate'
blanks).
0 Selection of "sampling point" for blank samples
0 Determination of sampling point for duplicate samples.
COMPARISON OF THE MAY 1987 SAMPLING EVENT VS.
THE RCRA SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
Although the sampling and analysis plan does not include enough
detail to serve as guidance for Chevron personnel there were still
some major discrepencies between the plan and the actual procedures
followed. The discussion below follows the organization of the
plan itself.
Sample Collection
0 The wells were purged with a pump rather than a -bailer or
thief.
0 The samples were collected with bailers rather than a vacuum
pump.
0 The use of PVC bailers during sample collection may introduce
contaminants to the samples.
Sample Preservation and Shipment
0 TOX and TOC, the analyses being done on the samples are not
even identified. There is no discussion of bottles, preserva-
tives, or special handling of the samples.
Chain-of-Custody
0 Chain-of-custody seals were not placed on the shipping containers
in such a way as determine if the samples had been tampered with.
0 Secure custody was not maintained during the sampling event.
0 Field log book did not contain consistent record of each of
the items for each of the sampling points.
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CONCLUSIONS
The sample plan was woefulling inadequate as a guidance document
for the Chevron sampling effort. Many of the problems identified
in the field could have been avoided with a complete plan. The
analytical data are questionable as a result of the sampling
protocols followed. The samples are not representative of the
ground water.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The Sampling and Analysis Plan, should be completely rewritten.
The revised plan should include enough detail to guide sampling
personnel through all of the steps in the sampling event.
0 Field notes should identify all values used to calculate purge
volumes.
0 PVC bailers are not recommended as sampling devices. Where
bailers are utilized they should be teflon or stainless steel.
0 Decontamination procedures should be determined for each of the
pieces of equipment utilized in the sampling event and followed
rigorously.
0 The containers, preservatives, and special handling required for
each of the analytical parameters should be explicitly stated and
utlized.
0 Samples being analyzed for volatile constiuents must be
collected to minimize the loss of volatiles not encourage it.
0 Chain-of-Custody must be more rigorously maintained.
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, , .
tJ.S. Environ- ^-\+-T PrH: Action Agency
230 S. ... ,.: • '•* ,-,„, ^.oom 167Q
.Chicago,, il. -..
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