?/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Consolidated
Screening Checklist
for Automotive Repair
Facilities Guidebook
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Disclaimer
The consolidated screening checklist and guidebook is a tool to help you
evaluate compliance at your automotive service and repair shop. It does
not contain an exhaustive list or description of all federal environmental
regulations that may apply to your shop. In addition, your shop is
responsible for knowing and complying with all applicable state, local, and
tribal requirements.
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION iii
How Can I Use the Checklist and Guidebook? iii
How Are the Checklist and Guidebook Organized? iv
Where Can I Get Help? v
CHECKLIST
SECTION 1.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT 1
1.1 Hazardous Waste Generation, Storage and Transport 1
1.2 Used Oil and Filters 8
1.3 Used Antifreeze 13
1.4 Used Battery Storage and Disposal 16
1.5 Used Shop Rags/Towels 17
1.6 Absorbents 19
1.7 Used Tires 20
1.8 Brake Repair 21
1.9 Metal Machining 23
SECTION 2.0 WASTEWATER AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT 25
2.1 Wastewater Management 25
2.2 Stormwater Management 29
SECTION 3.0 AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS 33
3.1 Equipment Cleaning and Spent Solvents 33
3.2 Fueling/Gas Stations 36
3.3 Automotive Painting 40
3.4 Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning 44
3.5 Catalytic Converters (CCs) 48
3.6 Asbestos - Building Renovation/Demolition 50
3.7 Construction Activities 51
3.8 Pesticide Use 52
3.9 PCB-Containing Equipment 54
SECTION 4.0 STORAGE TANKS, SPCC, and EMERGENCY RESPONSE 55
4.1 Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) 55
4.2 Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs) 58
4.3 Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) and
Emergency Response 60
SECTION 5.0 RECORDKEEPING 63
5.1 NPDES Recordkeeping 63
5.2 Recordkeeping for Air Emissions 64
5.3 RCRA Recordkeeping 65
5.4 Recordkeeping for Underground Storage Tanks 66
SECTION 6.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 69
Consolidated Screening Checklist for October 2003
Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Consolidated
Screening Checklist for Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook as a public service to the
automotive service and repair industry. EPA's Office of Compliance, through various meetings
with industry representatives, facility owners, and technicians, determined there was a need for
compliance assistance to automotive repair shops to help them attain or remain in compliance
with applicable federal environmental regulations. The checklist and guidebook highlight
important or key environmental requirements as they apply to the various federal environmental
programs. This guidebook is an update to the 1997 guidebook. EPA has revised several
environmental regulations applicable to the automotive service and repair industry since the last
publication, specifically the shallow non-hazardous industrial waste injection wells known as
Class V wells and, the applicability of the spill prevention and countermeasures and control
program to automotive fueling tanks and used oil storage. The motor vehicle air conditioning is
expanded to include retrofitting motor vehicle air conditioning units and the use of alternative
refrigerants. Additional environmental requirements are added as reminders should the shop
owner plan to expand or build a new facility, or use weed killer, insect spray or restroom cleaners
and disinfectants around the shop.
How CAN I USE THE CHECKLIST AND GUIDEBOOK?
You can use the checklist and guidebook to evaluate your facility's compliance with the federal
environmental regulations which are applicable to the automotive service and repair industry. If
problems with compliance are discovered while completing the checklist, you may want to
conduct a more comprehensive self-audit.
Please remember that this checklist and guidebook are a beginning, not the final word, on
environmental compliance requirements. While federal environmental requirements are
highlighted in the checklist and guidebook, a comprehensive discussion of all requirements is
NOT included. In addition to federal requirements, you may be subject to state, tribal, and/or
local requirements. You should use this information to build a basic understanding of federal
environmental requirements, and then seek additional assistance from various federal, state,
tribal, and local agencies.
If you are not sure about your state and/or local environmental requirements, contact your state
and local environmental office. These offices can be found in the Blue Pages of your local
telephone directory. If you do not know who to contact, you might consider the CCAR-
GreenLink® Compliance Assistance Center. CCAR-GreenLink® is a partnership between the
EPA and the Coordinating Committee for Automotive Repair (CCAR). CCAR is an automotive
industry organization whose mission is to augment the professionalism of automotive technicians.
There are several ways to reach CCAR-GreenLink®:
CCAR Toil-Free: 1-888-GRN-LINK (476-5465)
CCAR Internet Address: http://www.ccar-greenlink.org
Phone: 1-913-498-2227 (CCAR)
Consolidated Screening Checklist for October 2003
Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook Hi
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Introduction
How ARE THE CHECKLIST AND GUIDEBOOK ORGANIZED?
What Is Included? Following this introductory section are the checklist and guidebook. The
major environmental programs affecting automotive repair shops are highlighted in the following
sections:
• Section 1.0 Waste Management
• Section 2.0 Wastewater and Storm Water Management
• Section 3.0 Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
• Section 4.0 Storage Tanks, SPCC, and Emergency Response
• Section 5.0 Recordkeeping
Following these five sections, a glossary of terms is provided for your information.
Where Do I Start? You should first become familiar with the guidebook because it is more
comprehensive than the checklist in terms of environmental compliance information and issues.
Once you are familiar with the guidebook, use the checklist to conduct a compliance evaluation of
your shop. It is strongly recommended that the automotive service and repair shop review the
checklist on a monthly basis to make sure the shop continues to comply with the appropriate
environmental regulations.
The two-page checklist is a streamlined version of the guidebook and is included to help make
the evaluation of your facility's compliance easy and efficient. The checklist is designed to
evaluate specific activities and requirements at your shop, it does NOT include all of the
questions or activities found in the guidebook.
Each checklist question will ask you about key environmental requirements that are applicable to
an automotive repair shop. After reading each question, pick the most appropriate response for
your facility. If you are unsure of what is being asked by the question or what a response means
when using the checklist, refer to the same question in the guidebook. The guidebook includes
some general explanatory text for
each question, as well as
explanations of each response. A
"•" next to a response in the
guidebook indicates that it is a
preferred response in terms of
environmental compliance (see box).
The use of the guidebook is
encouraged as it will help you and
others at your facility conducting
evaluations to consistently and
accurately respond to the compliance
questions.
WHAT DOES THE "•" MEAN?
A "•" next to a response in the guide indicates that
is the preferred response in terms of
environmental compliance. If you select a
response without a "•", you may still be in
compliance. However, you should verify that you
are in compliance by contacting the appropriate
federal or state regulatory agency and discussing
your activity with them.
Can the checklist be personalized? The checklist can be personalized to fit the needs of your
shop. When evaluating environmental compliance, the user need only review those shop
activities that are on-going at the shop. For example, some repair shops do not replace catalytic
converters. If this is the case, the reviewer can skip over the section on converters and move on
to the next appropriate section of the checklist.
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Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook iv
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Introduction
WHERE CAN I GET HELP?
After the initial evaluation, you may find the guidebook does not provide all the information you
may need to know about the particular regulatory program. There are many sources of
information available to you that can
provide valuable information on
federal and state environmental
requirements. Other available
sources can provide information on
pollution prevention opportunities.
The prevention opportunities can
assist the shop owner/manager with
options to reduce or eliminate waste
materials and even save money.
Much of this information can be
obtained by telephone or accessed
through the Internet. Here is a partial
list of information sources that can
assist you with more detail
information.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE & ASSISTANCE
• National Response Center (NRC) - U.S. Coast
Guard Oil & Hazardous Material Spills (800) 424-
8802). www.nrc.uscg.mil/
• CHEMTREC operated by the American
Chemistry Council (800-424-9300).
www.chemtrec.org/
• Local Emergency Number: 911
Environmental Compliance Information
CCAR-GreenLink®:
Toll-free: (888) GRN-LINK (476-5465)
Website: www.ccar-greenlink.org
CCAR is an automotive industry organization whose mission is to augment the
professionalism of automotive technicians.
National Compliance Assistance Clearinghouse
Website: www.epa.gov/clearinghouse
This website provides users with a comprehensive source of compliance
assistance materials including a single repository of directories to federal, state,
local and other compliance assistance providers.
• Air Risk Information Support Center Hotline
Telephone: (919) 541-0888
This hotline provides technical assistance and information in areas of health, risk,
and exposure assessment for toxic and air pollutants.
• RCRA/Underground Storage Tanks (RCRA/UST), Superfund, and Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know (EPCRA) Hotline
Telephone: (800) 424-9346 or (703) 412-9810
This hotline provides information about the hazardous waste program (RCRA), the
underground storage tank program (LIST), Superfund, and emergency planning
and community right-to-know program (EPCRA).
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Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook v
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Introduction
• Safe Drinking Water Hotline
Telephone: (800) 426-4791 or (703) 285-1093
This hotline provides information about EPA's drinking water regulations and
underground injection control regulations and other related drinking water and
groundwater topics. Technicians are available to get details on legislation and
regulations or provide important contacts for water resources and information on
drinking water and groundwater.
• Small Business Ombudsman Clearinghouse/Hotline
Telephone: (800) 368-5888 or (703) 305-5938
This hotline provides regulatory and other environmental information concerning
small business assistance to enhance voluntary regulatory compliance and
pollution abatement and control. It also addresses questions covering all media
programs within EPA.
• Stratospheric Ozone Information Hotline
Telephone: (800)296-1996
This information hotline provides in-depth information on ozone protection
regulations and requirements under Title VI of the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990. In addition, the hotline serves as a distribution center and point of referral
for an array of information pertaining to other general aspects of stratospheric
ozone protection and depletion.
• Used Filter Hotline
Telephone: (800) 99-FILTER (993-4583)
Website: www.filtercouncil.org
This hotline, sponsored by the Filter Manufacturers Council, provides commercial
generators of used oil filters with a summary of the state's filter management
regulations, referrals to companies that provide filter management services,
referrals to state agencies, and a brochure entitled "How to Choose a Filter
Management Service."
EPA Headquarters and Regional Office Information
EPA Headquarters
Telephone: (888) 372-8255
Website: www.epa.gov
Region 1 (CT, MA, ME, NH, Rl, VT)
Telephone: (888) 372-7341
Website: www.epa.gov/region1
Region 2 (NJ, NY, PR, VI)
Telephone: (212) 637-5000
Website: www.epa.gov/region2
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Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook vi
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Introduction
Region 3 (DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV)
Telephone: (800) 438-2474
Website: www.epa.gov/region3
Region 4 (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN)
Telephone: (800)241-1754
Website: www.epa.gov/region4
Region 5 (IL, IN, Ml, MN, OH, Wl)
Telephone: (800) 621-8431
Website: www.epa.gov/region5
Region 6 (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX)
Telephone: (800) 887-6063
Website: www.epa.gov/region6
Region 7 (IA, KS, MO, NE)
Telephone: (800) 223-0425
Website: www.epa.gov/region7
Region 8 (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY)
Telephone: (800)227-8917
Website: www.epa.gov/region8
Region 9 (AZ, CA, HI, NV)
Telephone: (886) 372-9378
Website: www.epa.gov/region9
Region 10 (AK, ID, OR, WA)
Telephone: (800) 424-4372
Website: www.epa.gov/region10
Financial Assistance Information
Small Business Improvement Loans
Website: www.bankrate.com/ and www.getsmart.com/
BankRate.com and GetSmart.com are financial search engines that allow users to
compare different loan products from multiple lenders in a single location. The
search engines match the borrower's financing preferences with lenders who are
pre-screened and ready to fulfill their requests.
Pollution Prevention Websites
Pollution Prevention or P2 can improve a business's bottom line through reduced raw material
and energy costs, treatment and disposal expenses, and associated labor costs. Many pollution
prevention strategies, such as substituting toxic materials with safer alternatives, are simple and
inexpensive.
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Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook vii
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Introduction
The potential benefits to an automotive service and repair shop incorporating pollution prevention
practices into the shop's everyday activities include:
Reduced Regulatory Burden. Improving environmental performance and
reaching performance goals that go beyond compliance are ways to reduce
regulatory burdens.
Decreased Liability. Handling hazardous and toxic materials brings high
liability should an accident occur. Organizations that substitute toxic materials
with safer alternatives reduce the liability and high costs associated with an
unsafe environment.
Improved Environmental and Health Quality. P2 methods can help reduce
the air, water, and land pollution that results from waste generation, treatment,
and disposal, reduce worker and resident health risks and the environmental
risks associated with pollutant emissions, and conserve natural resources and
landfill space.
Increased Productivity and Efficiency. P2 assessments help organizations
identify opportunities to decrease raw material usage, eliminate unnecessary
operations, increase throughput, reduce off-spec product generation, and
improve yields.
Enhanced Public Image. Consumers more favorably view businesses that
adopt and practice P2 strategies, and the marketing of these practices can
increase profits.
EPA has created fact sheets and a video to assist you in examining your shop for pollution
prevention opportunities. You can call toll-free (800) 490-9198 and ask for The Pollution
Prevention Tool Kit for Auto Repair (EPA 900-E-99-001) and Profit Through Prevention: Best
Environmental Practices for Auto Repair (EPA 909-V-99-001)
EPA's Pollution Prevention and Information Clearinghouse
Website: www.epa.gov/opptintr/p2home and
www.epa.gov/oppt/library/ppicindex.htm
EPA's pollution prevention (P2) site includes general P2 information and
publications, information on P2 in the regulations, the definition of P2 as defined
under the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, and information about voluntary P2
programs. There are also links to EPA and non-EPA P2 sites. The clearinghouse
is a free, non-regulatory service that provides telephone reference and referral,
document distribution for selected EPA documents, and a special collection
available for interlibrary loan.
National Pollution Prevention Roundtable Home Page
Website: www.p2.org
This site provides access to the latest information on legislative and regulatory P2
developments, National Roundtable publications, state P2 program websites, and
a directory of industrial P2 publications.
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Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook viii
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Introduction
Pollution Prevention Cooperatives
Coordinated with EPA's Enviro$en$e program, these cooperatives provide easy
access to pollution prevention and cleaner production resources around the
Internet.
- U.S. Federal Agency Pollution Prevention Cooperative
Website: http://es.epa.gov/cooperative/federal
- State and Local Government/Business Assistance Cooperative
Website: http://es.epa.gov/cooperative/stateandlocal
Region 9 Fleet Auto Reports
Website: www.epa.gov/region09/p2/autofleet/
This website contains environmental, technical and economic evaluations of the
top pollution prevention "fixes" for auto repair and fleet maintenance operations.
EPA Small Business and Self-Assessment Policies
Website: www.epa.gov/compliance/incentives/programs/index.html
This website contains information on how an automotive repair shop might qualify
for penalty reductions through self-disclosure.
Website: www.epa.gov/compliance/incentives/
This website contains information on incentives to promote environmental
compliance among small businesses (those with 100 or fewer employees) by
providing incentives to discover and correct environmental problems.
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Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook ix
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CONSOLIDATED SCREENING CHECKLIST FOR AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR FACILITIES
Facility Name: Site Reviewer:
Facility Location: Date:
1.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT
Hazardous Waste
Generation,
Storage, and
Transport
Used Oil and
Filters
Used Antifreeze
Used Battery
Storage and
Disposal
Used Shop
Rags/Towels
Absorbents
Used Tires
Brake Repair
Does the facility have an EPA hazardous waste generator ID number? (p. 5)
Does the facility store hazardous waste in appropriate storage containers? (p. 6)
Does the facility meet all hazardous waste storage (quantity and time) requirements? (p. 6)
How does the facility manage/dispose of its hazardous waste? (p. 7)
Does the facility have a written contingency plan or basic contingency procedures in place for
responding to spills and releases of hazardous wastes? (p. 7)
Are used oil containers/tanks and associated piping labeled "used oil?" (p. 9)
Are used oil containers/tanks and associated piping leak free?" (p. 9)
Does the facility prevent the mixing of used oil with hazardous waste? (p. 9)
How does the facility manage/dispose of its used oil? (p. 10)
How does the facility manage/dispose of used oil filters? (p. 12)
How does the facility manage/dispose of used fuel filters? (p. 13)
When stored, does the facility contain, segregate, and label used antifreeze? (p. 14)
Has the facility determined if it generates any antifreeze that is a hazardous waste?
(p. 14)
Does the facility protect used batteries from storm water contact? (p. 1 6)
How does the facility manage/dispose of used batteries? (p. 17)
How does the facility manage/dispose of used shop rags and towels? (p. 1 8)
Does the facility determine if used absorbents are hazardous before disposal? (p. 20)
How does the facility manage/dispose of used tires? (p. 21 )
Does the facility dispose of spent brake washing solvent as hazardous waste? (p. 22)
How does the facility manage asbestos brake pads? (p. 22)
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
Off-site TSDF / On-site TSDF / Other /
NA
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
Sent off-site for recycling / Burned in an
On-site space heater/ Burned off-site /
Other / NA
Recycle / Srvc. company /Other/NA
Recycle /Srvc. company/ Managed as
hazardous waste /Other / NA
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
Return to supplier/ Recycle /Srvc.
company / Sent to hazardous waste
landfill /Other/NA
Laundry service / Burned for heat
/Managed as hazardous waste / Other
/NA
YD N n NA n
Resale/ Retread/ Recycle/ Other/ NA
YD N n NA n
Recycled off site / Disposed by vendor /
EPA-approved disposal site / Other /
NA
2.0 WASTEWATER AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Waste water and
Storm Water
Management
Can the facility identify the final destination of its wastewaters? (p. 26)
If the facility discharges to waters of the United States, does it have an NPDES permit? (p. 27)
If discharging to a municipal sanitary sewer, has the facility notified the Publicly-Owned
Treatment Works (POTW) and received approval for discharges? (p. 28)
If discharging to an underground injection control (UIC) well, does the facility comply with UIC
program requirements? (p. 28)
How does the facility manage the sludge from an oil/water separator? (p. 29)
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
Managed as hazardous waste / Off-site
disposal to other facility / On-site
disposal / NA
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CONSOLIDATED SCREENING CHECKLIST FOR AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR FACILITIES
2.0 WASTEWATER AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT, CONT.
Does the facility have a storm water permit?
If Yes, does the facility have a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP)? (p. 31)
Are materials stored outside protected from contact with storm water? (p. 31)
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
3.0 AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Equipment
Cleaning and
Spent Solvents
Fueling/
Gas Stations
Automotive
Painting
Motor Vehicle Air
Conditioning
(MVAC)
Catalytic
Conveners
Pesticide Use
If halogenated solvents are used in cleaning equipment, has the facility submitted a notification
report to the air permitting agency? (p. 34)
How does the facility manage/dispose of spent solvents? (p. 35)
Do fuel delivery records indicate compliance with appropriate fuel requirements? (p. 38)
Does the facility use overfill protection measures, spill containment methods, and spill response
equipment during fueling? (p. 39)
Does the facility have air permits? (p. 41)
How does the facility manage stripped paint chips and baghouse dusts? (p. 42)
When not in use, does the facility store paints in labeled containers? (p. 43)
How does the facility manage used paints and paint waste? (p. 43)
Does the facility service and/or retrofit MVACs with alternative refrigerants? (p. 47)
If Yes, are the alternative refrigerants approved under the Significant New Alternatives Policy
(SNAP)? (p. 47)
Does facility replace CC's that are the correct type based on vehicle requirements? (p. 48)
Does facility properly mark and keep replaced CC's on-site for at least 1 5 days? (p. 49)
Does the facility apply pesticides only as directed by their labels? (p. 53)
YD N n NA n
Third-party vendor / Off-site disposal /
Storm sewers or surface waters/ UIC
well / Sanitary sewer / Ground / Other /
NA
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
Recycle / Municipal or hazardous
landfill/ Other / NA
YD N n NA n
Return to supplier / Reuse /
Other / NA
Recycle /
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD ND
YD N n NA n
4.0 STORAGE TANKS, SPCC, AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Underground
Storage Tanks
Aboveground
Storage Tanks
§CC and
ergency
sponse
Has the facility notified the State or EPA UST program office of any USTs located on-site? (p. 55)
Does the facility conduct leak detection for tank and piping of all on-site USTs? (p. 56)
Do USTs at the facility meet requirements for spill, overfill, and corrosion protection? (p. 57)
Does the facility inspect ASTs on a periodic basis for leaks and other hazardous conditions?
(p. 59)
Does the facility's storage tank capacity make it subject to the Oil Pollution regulations? (p. 61)
Could spilled oil reach waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines? (p. 61)
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n
5.0 RECORDKEEPING
Recordkeeping
NPDES: Does the facility keep accurate records of monitoring information for the minimum
requirement of 3 years? (p. 63)
Air: Does the facility meet the recordkeeping requirements of its air permit(s)? (p. 64)
Air: If the facility owns/operates appliances that contain ozone-depleting refrigerants, does the
facility maintain all required records? (p. 65)
RCRA: Does the facility keep copies of its manifests for the 3-year minimum requirement? (p. 65)
USTs: Does the facility maintain leak-detection records ? (p. 66)
USTs: Does the facility maintain corrosion protection records ? (p. 67)
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
YD N n NA n
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Waste Management
SECTION 1.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT
1.1 Hazardous Waste Generation, Storage, and
Transport
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to hazardous
waste generation, storage, and transport for compliance with environmental
requirements:
a. Does the facility generate hazardous waste? (p. 4)
b. How much hazardous waste does the facility generate per month? (p. 4)
c. Does the facility have an EPA hazardous waste generator ID number?
(P. 5)
d. Does the facility have hazardous waste manifests or shipping papers on file?
(P-5)
e. Does the facility store hazardous waste in appropriate storage containers?
(P-6)
f. Does the facility meet all hazardous waste storage (quantity and time)
requirements? (p. 6)
g. How does the facility manage/dispose of its hazardous waste? (p. 7)
h. Does the facility have a written contingency plan or basic contingency
procedures in place for responding to spills and releases of hazardous
wastes? (p. 7)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Identifying Hazardous Waste
An automotive repair shop with service and maintenance activities is likely to create hazardous
wastes. Therefore, it is important that the facility identify and properly manage hazardous wastes
to protect itself, coworkers, others in the community, and the environment. As a waste generator,
the repair shop is responsible for hazardous waste management, from generation to final
disposal. A facility can be held liable for any mismanagement of its wastes, even after the
wastes leave the facility. It is important for every facility to know what wastes are created
during maintenance and repair and whether they are hazardous wastes or not. Table 1 provides
information on typical wastes created in an automotive service and repair shop.
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Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook 1
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Table 1. Typical Wastes Generated at Automotive Repair Facilities and Typical Category by Waste Management Method 1
Waste Stream
Used Oil (and Shop Rags for Used Oil)
Used Oil Filters 4
Oil Spill Absorbent Material
Used Transmission Fluid
Used Brake Fluid
Used Antifreeze
Used Solvents
Used Citric Solvents
Used Cleaning Agents and Shop Rags for
Parts Cleaning
Shop Rags and Spill Material Used for
Chemical Solvent and Gasoline
Spilled or Unused Fuels
Spilled or Unusable Paints and Thinners
Abrasive grit blast media
Batteries (1) Lead acid, Ni/Cd, Ni/Fe
(2) Alkaline
Used Tires
Typical Category If Not Mixed With
Other Hazardous Waste
Used oil
Nonhazardous solid waste If No Free
Flowing Used Oil
Used oil
Used oil
Used oil
Depending on characterization
Hazardous waste
Nonhazardous solid waste
Depends on characterization of
cleaning agent
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Depends on material or paint being
blasted (e.g., latex vs. lead paint)
(1) If hazardous, universal waste
(2) Typically a nonhazardous waste
Nonhazardous solid waste
Typical Category If Recycled
Used oil
Used oil if not drained
Used oil
Used oil
Used oil
Depends on characterization
Hazardous waste
Nonhazardous solid waste
Depends on characterization of
cleaning agent
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Depends on material or paint being
blasted
(1) If hazardous, universal waste
(2) Nonhazardous waste
Nonhazardous solid waste
Typical Category If Disposed in Landfill and
Not Mixed With a Hazardous Waste 2 '3
Hazardous Waste
Nonhazardous Solid Waste If No Free Flowing
Used Oil
Depends on used oil characterization
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Depends on characterization
Hazardous waste
Nonhazardous solid waste
Depends on characterization of cleaning agent
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Depends on material or paint being blasted
(1) If hazardous, universal waste
(2) Typically a nonhazardous waste
Nonhazardous solid waste
1 Disclaimer: This list is not an actual regulatory determination. It is a list that identifies specific materials at automotive facilities and how they could be classified. These
restrictions on how the waste may be disposed of may change based on generator status (i.e., CESQG, SQG, or LOG).
2 Municipal landfills are not permitted to accept hazardous waste from SQGs or LQGs; however, they may accept waste from CESQGs.
3 If any solid waste is mixed with a hazardous waste, then the mixture becomes a hazardous waste.
4 Used fuel filters are regulated separately from used oil filters, and are additionally regulated depending on the type of fuel.
5. These solvents are generally considered non-hazardous, but be aware of the contaminants left in the water-based cleaning solution. The solution could fail for lead and/or
other solvents.
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Waste Management
What is Hazardous Waste?
To be considered "hazardous waste," materials must first meet EPA's definition of "solid waste."
Solid waste is discarded material, such as garbage, refuse, and sludge, and includes solids,
semisolids, liquids, or contained gaseous materials. Solid wastes that meet the following criteria
are considered hazardous and subject to hazardous waste regulations under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA):
Listed waste. Wastes are listed as hazardous because they are known to be
harmful to human health and the environment when not managed properly,
regardless of their concentrations. There are some wastes called "acutely hazardous
wastes" that are dangerous even if they are managed properly. An example of
acutely hazardous waste are some pesticides that can be fatal to humans even in
low doses.
Listed wastes may be found in some spent cleaning solvents. These include:
Spent halogenated solvents that contain chlorinated compounds
Spent nonhalogenated solvents that contain xylene, methanol, ethyl ether or
methyl isobutyl ketone
Characteristic waste. If your waste does not appear as a "listed" hazardous waste,
it still might be considered hazardous if it demonstrates one or more of the following
characteristics:
Ignitable. Ignitable wastes (flashpoint <140° F) can create fire under certain
conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure) or are spontaneously combustible
(40 CFR 261.21). Examples include used paints, degreasers, oils and solvents.
Corrosive: Corrosive wastes (pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5) are acids or
bases that are capable of corroding metal, such as storage tanks, containers,
drums, and barrels (40 CFR 261.22). Examples include rust removers, acid or
alkaline cleaning fluids, and battery acid.
Reactive: Reactive wastes are unstable and explode or produce toxic fumes,
gases, and vapors when mixed with water (40 CFR 261.23). Examples include
lithium-sulfide batteries and explosives.
Toxic: Toxic wastes are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed, or leach
toxic chemicals into the soil or groundwater when disposed of on land (40 CFR
261.24). Examples include wastes that contain high concentrations of heavy
metals, such as cadmium, lead, or mercury.
The repair shop can determine if its waste is toxic by having it tested using the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), or by process knowledge. The TCLP is
designed to replicate the leaching process and other effects that occur when wastes are buried in
a typical municipal landfill. If the leachate from the waste contains any of the regulated
contaminants at concentrations equal to or greater than the regulatory levels, then the waste
exhibits the toxicity characteristic. Process knowledge is detailed information on wastes
obtained from existing published or documented waste analysis data or studies conducted on
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hazardous wastes generated by similar processes. For example, EPA's "listed" hazardous
wastes, as discussed above, can be used as process knowledge.
Universal Waste Rule
In 1995, EPA issued the Universal Waste Rule as an amendment to the hazardous waste
program to reduce the regulatory burden on businesses by providing an alternative and less
stringent set of management standards for certain types of wastes that potentially would be
hazardous under the hazardous waste program: (1) batteries (e.g., nickel cadmium, small sealed
lead acid) that are spent (i.e., will not be reclaimed or regenerated at a battery
recycling/reclamation facility); (2) pesticides that have been suspended or canceled, including
those that are part of a voluntary or mandatory recall under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and (3) mercury thermostats including temperature control devices
containing metallic mercury. Check with the state regulatory agency to see if it has adopted the
Universal Waste Rule. For more information, check the website:
www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/id/univwast.htm
1.1 a Does the facility generate hazardous waste?
Q yes Facility has tested or used process knowledge to determine it does
generate hazardous waste. See Table 1 for common hazardous
automotive wastes generated by auto repair facilities.
Q No Facility has determined that it does not generate hazardous waste.
Q NA/Not Facility has made no determination. Note: Facility must
determined immediately conduct a waste determination to determine if it is
generating a hazardous waste.
1.1 b How much hazardous waste does the facility generate per month?
Generation occurs when a substance becomes a waste. When determining the
volume of waste generated, only waste that is in a container or other unit waiting to
be disposed of is considered "generated." Thus, solvent stored in a drum waiting for
disposal or recycling is "generated," while solvent in a parts washer that is currently
in use is not yet a waste and the facility has not generated it.
The facility generates: (Select one)
No more than 220 Ibs (100 kg) of hazardous waste per month. This is
approximately 1/4 of a 55-gallon drum or less of hazardous waste in any month.
In this case, the facility is a conditionally exempt small quantity generator
(CESQG) and an EPA identification (ID) number is not required.
Between 220 Ibs (100 kg) and 2,200 Ibs (1,000 kg) of hazardous waste per
month. In this case, the facility generates more than 1/4 of a 55 gallon drum of
hazardous waste, but less than 5 (five) 55-gallon drums of hazardous waste in
any month. In this case, the facility is a small quantity generator (SQG) and
must have an EPA ID number.
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Over 2,200 Ibs (1,000 kg) of hazardous waste per month. In this case, the
facility generates approximately 5 (five) 55-gallon drums or more of hazardous
waste in any month. In this case, the facility is a large quantity generator
(LQG) and must have an EPA ID number.
The total weight of hazardous waste generated includes waste (1) defined as
hazardous by EPA regulations, (2) determined to be hazardous by the facility, and (3)
not otherwise exempt from counting. For example, used oil that has not been mixed
with anything and is destined for recycling does not have to be counted.
Generators who periodically exceed or fall below their normal generation limits in any
given calendar month are called episodic generators. If the amount of waste
generated in a given calendar month causes the generator to become a different type
of generator, the generator is responsible for complying with all applicable
requirements of that category for all waste generated during that calendar month.
For example, if a generator produces 300 kg of hazardous waste in March, that
waste is subject to SQG requirements. If the same generator produces 1,500 kg of
hazardous waste in April, that waste is subject to LQG requirements.
1.1c Does the facility have an EPA hazardous waste generator ID
number?
If the facility is an SQG or LQG, federal law requires that it have an EPA hazardous
waste generator ID number. This requirement applies even to episodic generators
who may fall into the SQG or LQG categories for only one month. This number must
appear on all hazardous waste manifests. It is usually placed near the top of the
form under the heading, "Generator ID #." The hazardous waste number is an
alphanumeric number. The identification number begins with the state postal
abbreviation followed by a single letter describing the company's waste activity, (e.g.,
D=Disposal, T=Transporter, etc.) and nine digits (e.g., NYG123456789). CESQGs
are not required to obtain an identification number under federal law. Contact the
state or EPA regional office to obtain a copy of EPA form 8700-12 "Notification of
Hazardous Waste Activity." For additional help, call the RCRA/UST, Superfund,
EPCRA Hotline at (800) 424-9346.
Q yes Facility has obtained a hazardous waste ID number from the state
regulatory agency or EPA. •
Q No Facility has not obtained an hazardous waste ID number.
Q NA Facility is a CESQG. No hazardous waste ID number required.
1.1d Does the facility have hazardous waste manifests or shipping
papers on file?
For SQGs and LQGs that ship hazardous waste off-site, a Uniform Hazardous Waste
Manifest must accompany each hazardous waste shipment. The manifest
documents the shipment type, quantity, origin, and destination, and must accompany
each hazardous waste shipment. Manifests must be kept for 3 years. Contact the
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state regulatory agency for a Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest form. CESQGs are
not required to use manifests.
Q yes Facility has manifests and/or shipping papers on file for hazardous
waste transported. •
Q No Facility does not have manifests and/or shipping papers for
hazardous waste shipments.
Q NA Facility does not ship hazardous waste off-site.
1.1e Does the facility store hazardous waste in appropriate storage
containers?
There are requirements an automotive shop must meet if storing hazardous waste in
containers (drums):
• Clearly marked with the words "Hazardous Waste" and the date when waste is
first deposited into the container. Labels for this purpose may be available from
the hauler.
• Kept in good condition and stored in a manner that minimizes risks of ruptures,
leaks, or corrosion.
• Kept closed except when being filled or emptied, except if volatile explosion is
possible and emergency ventilation is needed.
• Inspected at least once per week for leaks or corrosion. Note: Some states may
require facilities to keep a written record of these inspections. Any problems
should be corrected immediately. If any corrections are made, they should be
noted in a permanent record and kept on file for at least 3 years.
• Stored in a manner that minimizes the potential for accidental mixing of
incompatible materials.
Q Yes Facility stores waste in containers that meet the above
requirements. •
Q No Facility stores waste in containers that do not meet the above
requirements.
Q NA Facility does not generate hazardous waste.
1.1f Does the facility meet all hazardous waste storage (quantity and
time) requirements?
A hazardous waste generator can store hazardous waste on-site for a limited time,
according to the following requirements:
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• LQGs may accumulate any amount of hazardous waste for no more than 90
days and then move it to an approved recovery, treatment, storage or disposal
site.
• SQGs can accumulate no more than 13,228 Ibs (6,000 kg) of hazardous waste
on site for up to 180 days without permit (or up to 270 days if the shop must
transport the hazardous waste more than 200 miles away for recovery,
treatment, or disposal).
• CESQGs have no maximum on-site time limits for storage but cannot
accumulate more than 2,200 Ibs (1,000 kg) of hazardous wastes or 2.2 Ibs (1
kg) of acutely hazardous waste, or 220 Ibs (100 kg) of acutely hazardous waste
spill residues, at any time.
Q yes Facility complies with all hazardous waste storage quantity and time
requirements. •
Q No Facility does not comply with all hazardous waste storage quantity
and time requirements.
Q NA Facility does not generate hazardous waste.
1.1g How does the facility manage/dispose of its hazardous waste?
Q Ships hazardous waste off-site to:
A RCRA-permitted treatment, storage or disposal facility (TSDF). •
A recycling facility. •
An interim status facility or •
An exempt facility. •
Q Disposes of hazardous waste on-site and is a RCRA-permitted TSDF. •
Q Other If the shop is not managing its hazardous waste by one of the
above methods, the shop is out of compliance and must comply
immediately.
Q NA Facility does not generate hazardous waste.
1.1 h Does the facility have a written contingency plan or basic
contingency procedures in place for responding to spills and
releases of hazardous wastes?
If an automotive repair shop is an LQG, it must have a written contingency plan
that includes the following elements:
• Instructions on what to do in the event of a fire, explosion, or release.
• The arrangements agreed to by local police and fire departments, hospitals, and
state and local emergency response teams to provide emergency services.
• The names, addresses, and phone numbers of all persons qualified to act as
emergency coordinator.
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• Location of all emergency equipment at the facility.
• An evacuation plan.
Although a written contingency plan is not federally required for SQGs or CESQGs, it
is strongly recommended.
SQGs are required to have basic contingency procedures which include, but not
limited to, the following:
• At all times, an emergency coordinator (employee) who is on-call or on-site and
is responsible for coordinating all emergency response measures.
• Information posted next to the telephone, including: (1) name and number of the
emergency coordinator; (2) locations of the fire extinguishers and spill control
material; and (3) telephone number of the fire department.
• Ensure that all employees are thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling
and emergency procedures.
It is also important to check with the state and local authorities for any additional
contingency plan or emergency preparedness requirements.
Q yes Facility has a written contingency plan or basic contingency
procedures. •
Q No Facility does not have a written contingency plan or basic
contingency procedures in place.
Q NA Facility is not an SQG or an LQG and is not required to meet
RCRA's emergency preparedness requirements.
1.2 Used Oil and Filters
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to used oil
and filters for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Are used oil containers/tanks and associated piping leak free and labeled "used
oil?" (p. 9)
b. Does the facility prevent the mixing of used oil with hazardous waste? (p. 9)
c. How does the facility manage/dispose of used oil? (p. 10)
d. If the facility transports more than 55 Gallons of used oil off site at one time, (1) does it
have an EPA ID number, and (2) is it licensed as a used oil transporter? (p. 10)
e. Does the facility completely drain used oil filters and/or used fuel filters before
disposal? (p. 12)
f. How does the facility manage/dispose of used oil filters? (p. 12)
g. Does the facility inspect used oil filter storage areas for oil spills and leaks? (p. 12)
h. Has the facility determined if its used fuel filters are hazardous? (p. 12)
i. How does the facility manage/dispose of used fuel filters? (p. 13)
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These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Used Oil
When performing oil changes, auto repair shops should always recycle or reclaim the used oil.
Used oils are regulated under the Used Oil Standards, and are typically not classified as
hazardous wastes under the federal program. However, some states may have stricter
management and disposal requirements. Contact your state regulatory agency to determine the
used oil disposal requirements. Facilities should maintain all records on their used oil storage
and recycling activities.
1.2a Are used oil containers/tanks and associated piping leak free and
labeled "used oil"?
Used oil must be stored in leak free containers and be labeled with the words "used
oil." No special labels are necessary, provided that the words "used oil" are visible at
all times. Spray painting, crayon, or handwritten (preferably not in pencil) labels are
okay. Used motor oil may be mixed with other used oils (hydraulic oils, transmission
fluids, brake fluids) and stored in the same container.
Some facilities have pipes that run from the inside of the shop to an to an outside tank
or container. Technicians can pour the oil into a funnel or small bucket which is
attached to the piping, and the oil goes directly to the tank. In this case, label the
funnel/bucket and piping with the words "used oil."
Q Yes Used oil is in a leak free container(s) labeled with the words "used oil." •
Q No Used oil is not in a leak free container (s) and/or is not labeled "used oil."
Q NA Facility does not generate used oil.
1.2b Does the facility prevent the mixing of used oil with hazardous
waste?
A facility should not mix hazardous waste fluids, such as used solvent, gasoline, or
other hazardous substances, with used oil, or the entire volume may be classified as
hazardous waste. For example, mixing a "listed" hazardous waste with used oil will
result in the used oil becoming a hazardous waste One may mix used motor oil with
other used oils (e.g., transmission fluid or brake fluid) and store them in the same
container/tank.
Q Yes Facility prevents the mixing of used oil with hazardous waste. •
Q No Facility does not prevent the mixing of used oil with hazardous waste.
Q NA Facility does not generate used oil.
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1.2c How does the facility manage/dispose of its used oil?
Used oil can be recycled or burned for energy recovery so long as no other wastes
are mixed with the oil. Recycling is environmentally protective and energy recovery
reduces heating costs during the winter.
Under Used Oil Management Standards, generators can burn used oil as long as:
• The used oil is generated on site.
• Space heaters with maximum heating capacity of 0.5 million BTUs per hour or
less are used to burn the used oil.
• The gases from the space heater are vented outside.
Q Sent off-site Facility has a regular hauler who takes the used oil to a
for recycling recycling facility. •
Q Burned in an Facility burns its used oil in an on-site heater with
on-site space heater maximum heating capacity of 0.5 million BTUs used to heat
the facility or heat hot water. Note: There may be Clean Air
Act (CAA) requirements that apply when burning used oil.
Contact the state or local air pollution control agency for
more information. •
Q Burned off-site Facility has a hauler or takes its own oil to a used oil
burner. •
Q Other Facility does not use any of the methods described above. Note:
Used oil should not be disposed of in sewers, drains, dumpsters, on
the ground, or used as dust suppressants.
Q NA Facility does not generate used oil.
1.2d If the facility transports more than 55 gallons of used oil off-site at
one time, (1) does it have an EPA ID number, and (2) is it licensed
as a used oil transporter?
If the facility transports more than 55 gallons of used oil offsite to an approved used oil
collection center, it is required to (1) have an EPA ID number and (2) be licensed as a
used oil transporter.
Q Yes Facility has an EPA ID number and is licensed as a used oil
transporter. •
Q No Facility does not have an EPA ID number, or is not licensed as a
transporter.
Q NA Facility does not transport more than 55 gallons of used oil off-site
at one time.
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Used Filters
Used oil filters are exempt from federal hazardous waste requirements as long as the filters:
• Are not terne-plated. Terne is an alloy of tin and lead. The lead in the terne-
plating makes the filters hazardous.
• Have been properly drained (i.e., hot-drained) of used oil.
According to federal regulations, a facility can dispose of filters as solid waste (in some states)
provided that the filter has been hot-drained to remove residual used oil. This means that no
matter what draining option is used, one should remove the filter from a warm engine and drain it
immediately. Four distinct methods of hot-draining can be used:
• Gravity Draining: When the filter is removed from the engine, it should be placed
with its gasket side down in a drain pan. If the filter has an anti-drain valve, the
"dome end" of the filter should be punctured with a screwdriver (or similar
device) so that oil can flow freely. Then allow the filter to drain for 12 to 14
hours.
• Crushing: Crush the filter by using a mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic device
to squeeze out the used oil/fuel and compact the remaining filter materials.
• Disassembly: Separate the filter into its different parts using a mechanical
device. This allows most of the used oil/fuel to drain from the filter, and the
metal, rubber, and paper parts of the filter to be recycled separately.
• Air Pressure: Place the filter into a device where air pressure forces the used
oil/fuel out of the filter.
Used oil filters storage containers must be protected from wet weather by a cover, either indoors
in the shop, or if outdoors, in a shed or lean-to. In addition, make sure the container can hold any
used oil that seeps from the filters.
Used fuel filters can be drained using the same procedure as used oil filters, then tested to
determine if they are hazardous. If the fuel filters are hazardous, they must count toward the
facility's generator status. Store used fuel filters in a separate, marked, fireproof container. If the
facility is a CESQG, dispose of used fuel filters in a licensed landfill or give them to a hazardous
waste hauler. If the facility is an SQG or LQG, then it must use a hazardous waste hauler with an
approved EPA ID number.
Note: Disposal requirements for used filters may vary by state, contact you state hazardous
waste agency to assure proper disposal. For more information regarding state filter management
regulations, referrals to state agencies, and companies that provide filter management services,
refer to the Used Filter Hotline at (800) 993-4583. This hotline is sponsored by the Filter
Manufacturers Council.
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1.2e Does the facility completely drain used oil filters and/or used fuel
filters before disposal?
Q Yes Facility completely drains filters (i.e., no visible signs of free-flowing
oil remain) prior to disposal. •
Q No Facility does not completely drain filters prior to disposal.
Q NA Facility does not generate used oil or fuel filters.
1.2f How does the facility manage/dispose of used oil filters?
Q Recycle Filters are recycled for scrap metal. •
Q Service Facility contracts with a service which takes filters. •
Q Trash Filters are disposed of in the dumpster (e.g., not segregated from
other waste such as paper, plastics, food, etc.).
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed above. Note: The facility may be out
of compliance.
Q NA Facility does not generate used oil filters.
1.2g Does the facility inspect used oil filter storage areas for oil spills
and leaks?
The automotive repair shop should regularly inspect all areas where oils are received,
stored and changed. Use one of the following indicators to identify oil spills: (1) sheen
on water, (2) stained soil, (3) lack of vegetation, or (4) visible leaks on the floor. If the
shop stores enough oil on-site, there should be a Spill Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasures (SPCC) plan available in the event of a spill or leak. The SPCC
plan contains detailed information on spill cleanup and remediation. All spills should
be contained and cleaned up immediately after detection. Many shops keep
absorbent materials close to oil storage and handling locations, in case of an
accidental spill.
Q Yes Facility inspects storage areas for oil spills. •
Q No Facility does not inspect storage areas for oil spills.
Q NA Facility does not have storage areas for used oil and filters.
1.2h Has the facility determined if its used fuel filters are hazardous?
Q Yes Facility has determined through testing or process knowledge if the
used fuel filters are hazardous. •
Q No Facility has not determined if its used fuel filters are hazardous.
Q NA Facility does not generate used fuel filters.
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1.2i How does the facility manage/dispose of used fuel filters?
Note: If the facility determine the used fuel filters are hazardous waste, they are
counted towards the facility's generator status and managed accordingly.
Q Recycle Used fuel filters are recycled. •
Q Service Facility contracts with a service which takes used fuel filters as
they are. •
Q Managed as Facility manages used fuel filters as hazardous waste. •
hazardous waste
Q Trash Facility discards filters in the dumpster (e.g., not segregated from
other waste such as paper, plastics, food, etc.).
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed above. Note: The facility may be
out of compliance. Contact the state regulatory agency for
assistance.
Q NA Facility does not generate used fuel filters.
1.3 Used Antifreeze
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to used
antifreeze for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. When stored, does the facility contain, segregate, and label used
antifreeze? (p. 14)
b. Has the facility determined if it generates any antifreeze that is a
hazardous waste? (p. 14)
c. Does the facility reclaim used antifreeze on-site in a closed loop system? (p. 15)
d. If not reclaimed in a closed loop system, how does the facility manage the
antifreeze? (p. 15)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Used Antifreeze
Automobiles require regular maintenance of their engine cooling system. To minimize releases
to the environment, the facility should drain and replace antifreeze in areas where there are no
connections to storm drains or municipal sewers. Any spills must be stopped before reaching the
shop's floor drains. The auto repair shop should collect and store antifreeze in separate
containers and not mix with other fluids.
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1.3a When stored, does the facility contain, segregate, and label used
antifreeze?
Contained. Containers are closed (e.g., lids are on, caps are screwed on tight,
except when actually adding or removing liquid).
Segregated. Used antifreeze is in its own container and not mixed with other
liquids.
Labeled. Labels or color coding indicates that the container holds only antifreeze. In
contrast to used oil, there are no specific labels for antifreeze. To be considered
properly labeled, the drum/container/tank should simply have the words "used
antifreeze," or "waste antifreeze," or "antifreeze only," or similar wording that
distinguishes antifreeze storage from oil and solvent storage. Words can be spray
painted, stenciled, crayoned, or more formally labeled.
Q Yes Used antifreeze is contained, segregated, and labeled. •
Q No Used antifreeze is not contained, segregated, and labeled.
Q NA Facility does not generate used antifreeze.
1.3b Has the facility determined if it generates any antifreeze that is a
hazardous waste?
Used antifreeze may be characterized as hazardous waste by testing or by process
knowledge.
If a facility makes the hazardous/nonhazardous determination solely by testing,
it must test each batch of antifreeze changed from each vehicle serviced.
If a facility uses process knowledge, the determination must involve a
demonstrated understanding of the potentially hazardous constituents in
antifreeze. Such a demonstrated understanding could include a combination of
the information on the MSDS for the type of antifreeze used, a referral to a
previous test that demonstrated that antifreeze from new vehicles does not
contain metals, and/or having a procedure to ensure that any suspect antifreeze
is segregated from antifreeze known not to be hazardous.
There are two functional indicators that can assist the shop owner/manager in
determining whether the antifreeze is not (or is likely to be) a hazardous waste. First,
antifreeze is considered hazardous if it is mixed with a hazardous waste such as
cleaning solvents. Second, antifreeze removed from a cooling system that contains
lead either within the engine or the cooling (radiator) system likely contains enough
lead to characterized the antifreeze as "toxic."
Q Yes Facility has determined whether its used antifreeze is hazardous by
testing or by process knowledge. •
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Q No Facility has not determined whether its used antifreeze is
hazardous or not.
Q NA Facility does not generate used antifreeze.
1.3c Does the facility reclaim used antifreeze on-site in a closed loop
system?
To avoid having to manage and dispose of used antifreeze as a hazardous waste, a
facility can reclaim used antifreeze in a closed loop system that connects directly to
the radiator, filters the antifreeze, and returns it directly back into the vehicle. EPA
does not consider such reclaimed material to be a solid waste. Thus, even though the
antifreeze may be hazardous, it is not a hazardous waste because the antifreeze is
returned to its original use as a coolant.
Non-closed systems are available that connect to a used antifreeze storage drum.
However, because these are not closed loop systems, the antifreeze in the drum may
be considered a hazardous waste and must be stored according to the hazardous
waste regulations.
Q Yes Facility reclaims used antifreeze in a "closed loop" system. •
Q No Facility does not reclaim used antifreeze in a "closed loop" system.
Q NA Facility does not generate used antifreeze.
1.3d If not reclaimed in a closed loop system, how does the facility
manage the antifreeze?
Antifreeze that is determined not to be a hazardous waste is not counted towards the
monthly hazardous waste count. Antifreeze that is hazardous must be managed
according to the hazardous waste regulations.
Q Recycled on-site Facility manages used antifreeze accordingly, depending on
whether the antifreeze is determined to be a solid waste or
hazardous waste. •
Q Recycled off-site Facility sends used antifreeze off-site for recycling. •
Q Landfill Facility disposes used antifreeze at a landfill. Many landfills
accept antifreeze as a separate waste. This does not mean
antifreeze deposited in the dumpster with other shop waste.
Q Mixed with Facility mixes used antifreeze with used oil, solvents
other fluids or other fluids.
Q UIC well Facility discharges used antifreeze into an underground
injection control (UIC) well. The facility should immediately
stop this method of disposal!
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1.4 Used Battery Storage and Disposal
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to used
battery storage and disposal for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Has the facility determined whether its batteries are regulated as universal
waste or hazardous waste? (p. 16)
b. Does the facility protect used batteries from storm water contact? (p. 16)
c. How does the facility manage/dispose of used batteries? (p. 17)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
1.4a Has the facility determined whether its batteries are regulated as
universal waste or hazardous waste?
There are many types of used batteries with different disposal requirements. Some of
these batteries may be classified as hazardous waste.
Under the Universal Waste Rule, batteries that do not exhibit hazardous waste
characteristics may be regulated as universal wastes and subject to less stringent
requirements than other hazardous wastes. For example, many small sealed lead
acid batteries (used for electronic equipment and mobile telephones) and nickel-
cadmium batteries are under universal wastes rules. Most alkaline batteries are not
hazardous waste under RCRA and can be disposed of as general trash. Check with
your local waste authority to see if there is a battery collection program.
Q Yes Facility has completed the waste determination process to
determine whether its batteries should be regulated as universal or
hazardous waste. •
Q No Facility has not determined whether its batteries should be
regulated as universal or hazardous waste.
Q NA Facility does not generate used batteries.
1.4b Does the facility protect used batteries from storm water contact?
When placed out-of-service, the facility should transport batteries to an accumulation
area specifically designed for storage prior to removal from the site. The storage
accumulation area should protect the batteries from weather and storms. It should be
designed (1) with secondary containment to prevent any spillage or leakage from
contaminating the soil or surface waters; and (2) without floor drains that could receive
spills and deliver them to the storm sewer, sanitary sewer, streams, rivers or other
surface water, or into the ground by an injection well. One may store batteries inside
or outside under a tarp or roof. Store batteries in a pan or other device so that any
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Waste Management
leakage cannot enter floor drains or spill onto the ground. Improper storage results in
batteries being considered "abandoned."
Q Yes Facility protects used batteries from storm water contact. •
Q No Facility does not protect used batteries from storm water contact.
Q NA Facility does not store used batteries.
1 Ac How does the facility manage/dispose of used batteries?
Q Return to supplier Facility returns used batteries to supplier. •
Q Recycle Facility sends batteries to a recycling facility. •
Q Service Facility pays service company to pick up used
batteries. •
Q Hazardous waste landfill Facility sends used batteries to a hazardous waste
landfill. Facility has records of where and how many
batteries were sent. •
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed here.
Q NA Facility does not generate used batteries.
1.5 Used Shop Rags/Towels
NOTE: The following questions, one of which is included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to used shop
rags and towels for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. How does the facility manage/dispose of used shop rags and towels?
(p. 18)
b. How does the facility store used shop rags and towels on-site? (p. 19)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Used Shop Rags and Towels
A facility must manage used shop rags and towels as hazardous waste if they are contaminated
with a hazardous waste or display a hazardous characteristic due to the presence of gasoline or
metal-contaminated antifreeze. EPA allows facilities to manage these used rags and towels by
having them washed through a laundry service, or disposing of them at an approved or
"permitted" disposal facility.
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A facility can recycle used shop rags and towels
contaminated with used oil by burning them for
energy recovery under the Used Oil Management
Standards existing for burning used oil. According
to the used oil regulations, facilities should handle
oil-contaminated rags and towels as used oil until
the oil is removed from them. EPA considers used
oil satisfactorily removed when no visible sign of
free flowing oil remains in the rags/towels. Note:
After used oil has been removed, one may still
need to handle the material as a hazardous waste
if it contains a hazardous waste or exhibits any
property of hazardous waste. Many shops avoid
the hazardous waste determination process by ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~
sending rags to a laundering facility for washing,
rather than disposal.
1.5a How does the facility manage/dispose of used shop rags and
towels?
Shop Rag/Towel Laundering
Many states do not consider shop rags
going to a laundry service to be
hazardous waste (although a hazardous
waste could be generated by the
launderer). Even if shop rags are
contaminated with hazardous waste,
they are not being discarded. Therefore,
the hazardous waste requirements do
not apply. Check with your state
hazardous waste agency on
requirements for managing shop
rags/towels.
Q Sent to supplier or
Service company
Facility returns used absorbents to its supplier or
pays service company to pick up used absorbents.
Q Laundry service
Q Burned for heat
Q Hazardous waste
disposal
Q Trash
Q Other
a NA
Facility sends used rags/towels off site to be
laundered, often with technicians' uniforms. •
Facility mixes used rags/towels with used oil and
burns them in a shop space heater with maximum
heating capacity 0.5 million BTUs per hour or sends
them to a used oil burner. This does not include
burning in a barrel simply for disposal. •
Facility mixes used rags/towels with hazardous
waste and disposes of them through an EPA-
licensed hazardous waste transporter and disposal
facility. •
Facility disposes of used rags/towels with trash (in a
dumpster). Note: If rags/towels are contaminated
with hazardous waste, the facility should not dispose
of them with trash, but manage them according to
one of the above options.
Method of disposal is not listed.
Facility does not generate used rags or shop towels.
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Waste Management
1.5b How does the facility store used shop rags and towels stored on-
site?
Q Separate container Facility stores used rags/shop towels in a container
(e.g., bucket, can, barrel, etc.). •
Q Stored as hazardous Facility stores used rags/shop towels contaminated
waste with hazardous waste according to hazardous waste
requirements. •
Q Shop trash can Facility disposes used rags/shop towels in a
can/dumpster that contains all shop waste, not
segregated.
Q Floor Facility places used rags/shop towels on the floor, in
a pile, or they are simply scattered.
Q NA Facility does not generate used rags/shop towels.
1.6 Absorbents
NOTE: The following questions, one of which is included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to absorbents
for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility use sawdust, soil, or other commercial absorbents for spills or
leaks? (p. 19)
b. Does the facility determine if used absorbents are hazardous before
disposal? (p. 20)
c. How does the facility manage absorbents used for oil spills? (p. 20)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the
preferred answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
1.6a Does the facility use sawdust, soil, or other commercial absorbents
for spills or leaks?
Cleaning up spills and releases of chemicals and petroleum products generally
involves the use of materials such as kitty litter type substances (known as "quick dry,"
"speedi dry," or "oil dry"), clay absorbent, pads, pillows, booms, towels, and other such
absorbent materials. Sawdust is also sometimes used as an absorbent. A facility
must use the proper absorbent for the type of chemical spilled. Once used in a
cleanup, dispose of these materials properly.
Q Yes Facility uses one or more of the above substances. •
Q No Facility does not use any of the above substances.
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1.6b Does the facility determine if used absorbents are hazardous before
disposal?
Absorbents are considered hazardous waste if: (1) they are contaminated with a
hazardous material (e.g., solvents or gasoline), or (2) they are characterized as
hazardous by the facility. Although used oil is not considered a hazardous waste if it
is recycled, it is a hazardous waste if it is disposed of in a landfill and has hazardous
characteristics. Thus, anything that absorbs used oil and is thrown in the trash could
be a hazardous waste (if it exhibits a hazardous characteristic), even if it is not mixed
with a hazardous waste.
Q Yes Facility determines if used absorbents are hazardous before
disposal. •
Q No Facility does not characterize its absorbents.
Q NA Facility does not use absorbents.
1.6c How does the facility manage absorbents used for oil spills?
Q Sent to supplier or Facility returns used absorbents to its supplier or
service company pays service company to pick up used absorbents.
•
Q Burned for energy Facility burns absorbents used to soak up used oil
for energy recovery in a space heater with maximum
heating capacity of 0.5 million BTU per hour. •
Q Disposed of as Facility places hazardous absorbents in drums
hazardous waste labeled as "Hazardous Waste," and disposes of them
through a hazardous waste hauler. •
Q Nonhazardous and Facility determines that the absorbents are a
landfilled nonhazardous solid waste and disposes of them with
regular trash. •
Q Other Method of management is not listed here.
Q NA Facility does not use absorbents.
1.7 Used Tires
NOTE: The following question, which is included in the accompanying checklist, will help the
facility examine its operations relating to used tires for compliance with environmental
requirements:
a. How does the facility manage/dispose of used tires? (p. 21)
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Waste Management
In 2001, the United States generated approximately 273 million scrap tires. Historically, these
scrap tires took up space in landfills or provided breeding grounds for mosquitoes and rodents
when stockpiled or illegally dumped. Fortunately, markets now exist for 76 percent of these scrap
tires, up from 17 percent in 1990. Through innovative uses of scrap tires, these markets continue
to grow.
1.7a How does the facility manage/dispose of used tires?
Q Resale Facility sells used tires. •
Q Retread Facility retreads used tires. •
Q Recycle Facility recycles used tires. This may include state or local
programs that shred tires and then use them for asphalt or other
products. •
Q Other Facility uses some method other than those listed above for
disposal.
Q NA Facility does not generate used tires.
1.8 Brake Repair
NOTE: The following questions, one of which is included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to brake
repair for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility dispose of spent brake washing solvent as hazardous
waste? (p. 22)
b. Does the facility manage used vacuum filters and brake pads as asbestos-
containing material waste? (p. 22)
c. How does the facility manage asbestos brake pads (p. 22)
These questions are repeated in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the
preferred answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Brake Repair
EPA does not regulate asbestos in the automotive shop. The Occupational Safety and Health
Administrations (OSHA) specifies engineering controls and work practices that must be
implemented by the employer during automotive brake and clutch inspection, disassembly, repair,
and assembly operations. These work practices include negative pressure/HEPA vacuum, low
pressure/wet cleaning method, wet method or other approved method. See
www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/index.html for more detailed information on handling asbestos-
containing brake pads.
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Waste Management
1.8a Does the facility dispose of spent brake washing solvent as
hazardous waste?
Once the automotive shop uses a solvent to clean the brake system, the facility must
manage the spent solvent properly. It is likely the solvent will be a hazardous waste
because of the flammable characteristic, not the asbestos content. However, the
shop must determine if the solvent meets the hazardous waste definition.
Q Yes Facility manages spent solvent as a solid or hazardous waste after
making a hazardous waste determination. •
Q No Facility has not made a waste determination of the solvent.
Q NA Facility does not generate brake washing solvent.
1.8b Does the facility manage used vacuum filters as asbestos-
containing material waste?
The facility must collect used filters from the HEPA vacuum as well as the particles in
the vacuum and dispose of them as asbestos-containing material waste. Keep the
filters wet and seal them in leak-tight wrapping. Label the containers or wrapped
packages using warning labels: DANGER - Asbestos, Avoid Creating Dust, Cancer
and Lung Cancer.
Q Yes Facility collects and manages used vacuum filters as described
above. •
Q No Facility does not collect and/or manage used vacuum filters as
described above.
Q NA Facility does not generate used vacuum filters or brake pads.
1.8c How does the facility manage asbestos brake pads?
Recycling and reclamation are the preferred methods for used asbestos brake pads.
If asbestos is known or suspected of being present, inform the recycling or
reclamation company. If landfilling, make a determination for presence of asbestos
prior to disposal. If asbestos is present, use only landfills or disposal sites approved
for asbestos.
If the asbestos brake pads are sent to an EPA-approved disposal site, the pads must
be in containers, labeled with the name and location of the waste generator. Vehicles
used to transport the asbestos must be clearly labeled during loading and unloading.
Maintain the waste shipment records so that the asbestos shipment can be tracked.
Q Recycled off-site A manufacturer or a recycling company collects used
brake pads for recycling. •
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Waste Management
Q Disposed by vendor A vendor disposes of the brake pads by landfilling or
other means of disposal.
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed here.
Q NA Facility does not generate ACM waste.
1.9 Metal Machining
NOTE: The following questions, which are not included in the accompanying checklist, will
help the facility examine its operations relating to metal machining for compliance with
environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility store scrap metal in a covered and contained area? (p. 23)
b. How does the facility manage metal scraps? (p. 24)
c. How does the facility manage waste cutting oils and degreasing solvents used
in its metal machining processes? (p. 24)
These questions appear in the following text and may be accompanied with a discussion of the
preferred answers (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Tip: The local
scrap metal
recycling plant
may accept
scrap metal if
sorted and
Metal Machining and Machine Cooling
Machining metal components requires a variety of cutting and lubricating
oils and grease to cut and cool the component. The waste metal from
the machining operation has economic value and a shop should recycle
or reclaim them..
properly stored.
The wastes associated with metal machining are used cutting oils, spent
machine coolant, and degreasing solvents. You will need to make a
waste determination of each waste to determine if it is a hazardous waste or not. Any wastes
generated from metal machining should be segregated to facilitate reuse and recycling. When
collecting and storing scrap metal, protect and cover the materials to prevent the release of
pollutants to the ground and storm water. There must be no free liquids present
1.9a Does the facility store scrap metal in a covered and contained
area?
Facilities should store metal scraps in a covered and contained area that prevents
soil and water contamination.
Q yes Facility stores metal scraps in a covered and contained area. •
Q No Facility does not store metal scraps in a covered and contained
area.
Q NA Facility does not have any metal scraps.
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Waste Management
1.9b How does the facility manage metal scraps?
Q Recycle Facility recycles metal scraps. •
Q ReuseFacility reuses metal scraps. •
Q Sale Facility collects metal scraps and sells them to metal recyclers. •
Q Other Facility does not use one of the methods listed above to manage
metal scraps.
Q NA Facility does not have any metal scraps.
1.9c How does the facility manage waste cutting oils and degreasing
solvents used in its metal machining processes?
Q Recycling Facility recycles waste cutting oils if nonwater-soluble oils
must be used. •
Q Reuse Facility reuses and recycles solvents whenever possible. •
Q Disposed of as Facility separates waste cutting oils and degreasing
hazardous waste solvents which are placed in drums, labeled as "Hazardous
Waste," and disposes of them by hazardous waste hauler.
•
Q Disposed of in Facility pours waste cutting oils and degreasing solvents in
shop drains shop drains.
Q NA Facility does not conduct metal machining.
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Wastewater and Storm Water Management
SECTION 2.0 WASTEWATER AND STORM
WATER MANAGEMENT
2.1 Wastewater Management
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to wastewater
management for compliance with environmental requirements.
a. Can the facility identify the final destination of its wastewaters? (p. 26)
b. How does the facility manage its wastewaters? (p. 27)
c. If the facility discharges to waters of the United States, does it have an
NPDES permit? (p. 27)
d. If discharging to a municipal sanitary sewer, has the facility notified the
POTWand received approval for discharges? (p. 28)
e. If discharging to an underground injection control (UIC) well, does the
facility comply with UIC program requirements? (p. 28)
f. How does the facility manage the sludge from an oil/water separator?
(p. 29)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Wastewater and Storm Water Management
Automotive facilities may discharge wastewater and/or storm water from the following activities:
repair and maintenance of on-site vehicles, vehicle and equipment cleaning, building and
grounds maintenance, chemical storage and handling, fueling of vehicles, and painting and paint
removal operations. Facilities that discharge wastewater are required to have a National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and/or state permit if the wastewater
is collected and discharged off-site through a distinct pipe or ditch "to the waters of the United
States." See Glossary of Terms for the complete definition of "waters of the United States." EPA
or an authorized state issues NPDES permits. For more information regarding commercial
activities, review this EPA site: http://cfpub1.epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm7program id=14
Persons responsible for wastewater discharges requiring an NPDES permit must apply for an
individual permit or seek coverage under a general permit (if available) at least 180 days before
discharge of wastewater begins. Some states do not allow certain discharges into the
environment.
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Wastewater and Storm Water Management
Discharges to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
Publicly owned treatment works are treatment plants that receive and treat wastewater through
municipal sanitary sewers prior to discharge to waters of the United States. They may also be
referred to as municipal wastewater treatment plants. POTWs may implement a pretreatment
program and regulate discharges to the sanitary sewer through prohibitions on certain discharges
or limit the amount of the discharge. Automotive shop owners or managers should contact their
local POTW to see if any pretreatment requirements or limits apply to them. Although contacting
the POTW is not a federal requirement, the facility could be liable if it discharges a significant
amount of oil, or other automotive fluids, and those discharges cause the POTW to violate its
own NPDES permit.
2.1 a Can the facility identify the final destination of its wastewaters?
Here is a simple graphic of an automotive repair shop and the possible discharge
points that may be located in and around the shop property. Do you know the
destination of your shop's wastewaters? Does the interior or exterior drain discharge
to:
STORM DRAIN
SHALLOW INJECTION WELL
A UIC well (shallow injection well) in or near loading docks, storage areas, or
service bay areas, that could receive wastes from shop operations. The facility
may need a UIC well permit. To determine if your state is authorized to
implement the UIC program, check this site:
www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/primacy.html
A storm water system that empties into the waters of the United States. The
facility needs an NPDES permit.
A publicly owned treatment works. The shop may need to apply for a permit
and general pretreatment requirements may apply.
An interior drain that directs the wastewater to the ground surface, outside the
shop. The shop must contact the state agency for applicable permitting
requirements.
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Wastewater and Storm Water Management
Q Yes Facility can identify the final destination of all wastewaters (e.g.,
POTW, underground injection well, waters of the United States). •
Q No Facility cannot identify the final destination of its wastewaters.
Q NA Facility does not have drains.
2.1 b How does the facility manage its wastewater?
There are several methods a facility can use to manage its wastewater. The
"treatment" method most likely to be used at an automotive repair shop prior to
discharge wastewater is an oil-water separator. This "treatment" removes oily fluids
and grit before the wastewater discharges directly to waters of the United States, or to
a sanitary sewer leading to the POTW. Wastewater treatment may be required by an
NPDES permit or by the POTW.
Q Waters of Facility discharges effluent directly to waters of the United
the United States States, in accordance with NPDES storm water permit. •
Q Sanitary sewer Facility discharges to a municipal sanitary sewer or
combined sewer with permission of the POTW. •
Q UIC well Facility discharges to a UIC well, generally via a floor drain.
Although there are some exceptions, as a general rule,
discharging industrial wastewater to a UIC well is NOT
appropriate.
Q Ground Facility discharges onto the ground. Wastewater may affect
groundwater or may flow into storm sewers and surface
waterways. Caution: Many states forbid the disposal of
washwater/rinsewater onto the ground.
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed.
Q NA Facility does not discharge wastewater.
2.1c If the facility discharges to waters of the United States, does it have
an NPDES permit?
A facility needs an NPDES permit to discharge industrial wastewater directly into
waters of the United States. The wastewater may need treatment on-site to reduce
pollutant concentrations to meet the NPDES permit limits. Some states give one
NPDES permit which includes both wastewater and storm water discharge
requirements while other states give separate permits.
Q Yes Facility has an NPDES permit. •
Q No Facility does not have an NPDES permit.
Q NA Facility does not discharge wastewater directly to a body of water.
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Wastewater and Storm Water Management
2.1d If discharging to a municipal sanitary sewer, has the facility notified
the POTW and received approval for discharges?
Facilities should contact the POTW if any pretreatment requirements apply to them.
Although contacting the POTW is not a federal requirement, the facility could be liable
if it discharges a significant amount of oil or other material, and that discharge causes
the POTW to violate its own NPDES permit.
Q Yes Facility has contacted POTW and has received approval for
discharges. •
Q No Facility has not contacted POTW or received approval for
discharges.
Q NA Facility does not discharge to a POTW.
2.1e If discharging to a underground injection control (UIC) well, does
the facility comply with UIC program requirements?
the disposal of any other hazardous
waste, is prohibited. For more
information, call the Safe Drinking
Water hotline at (800) 426-4791.
Automotive shops that discharge industrial
wastewater to underground injection control
(UIC) wells must comply with the rules
established under the UIC program. Class V
wells include shallow non-hazardous industrial
waste injection wells, septic systems, and storm
water drainage wells. At automotive facilities,
the most common injection wells are used to
drain clarifier, washrack and storm water to soil below the site, especially in areas
where sewer connection is unavailable. Metals, solvents, fuels, and other automotive
fluids disposed through these injection wells are likely to violate UIC regulations.
Employing dry clean-up methods, waste segregation, and other best management
practices may minimize UIC liability. The best protection against UIC liability is to
convert to zero-discharge systems for all shop areas, and ensuring no storm water
makes contact with motor vehicle fluids.
Class V UIC wells are authorized by rule provided they do not endanger underground
sources of drinking water and meet certain minimum requirements. UIC requirements
stipulate that facilities must submit basic inventory information about a Class V well to
the EPA or the primacy state agency. In addition, many UIC primacy state programs
have additional prohibitions or permitting requirements. However, the fluids released
by certain types of Class V wells, particularly motor vehicle and industrial wells, have
a high potential to contain elevated concentrations of contaminants that may
endanger drinking water, and if found on your property, may be subject to
characterization (lab analysis, ground water monitoring) and closure requirements.
For more information, review the publication How The New Motor Vehicle Waste
Disposal Well Rule Affects Your Business. It can be found at:
www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/smallcompliance.pdf
Q Yes Facility complies with UIC program requirements. •
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Wastewater and Storm Water Management
Q No Facility does not comply with UIC program requirements.
Q NA Facility does not discharge industrial wastewater to UIC wells.
2.1f How does the facility manage the sludge from an oil/water
separator?
Oil/water separators, which are typically connected to floor drains or wash racks,
remove grit and oily materials from wastewater. Oil-water separators require periodic
servicing to maintain their performance. Prior to cleaning an oil/water separator, test
the contents of the grit chamber and the oily sludge for hazardous constituents. If the
sludge exhibits any characteristic of a hazardous waste, the facility must handle it as a
hazardous waste. If the sludge is nonhazardous, manage it as used oil.
Q Managed as Facility disposes hazardous sludge off-site. It is
a hazardous waste stored, manifested, transported, and disposed of in
compliance with all provisions of the hazardous
waste program. •
Q Off-site disposal Facility disposes nonhazardous sludge off-site.
to other facility It is transported, and disposed of at an approved
treatment or disposal facility. •
Q Landfill Facility improperly landfills its oil/water separator
sludge.
Q NA No sludge is produced.
2.2 Storm Water Management
NOTE: The following questions, one of which is included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to activities
relating to storm water management for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. How does the facility manage its storm water? (p. 30)
b. Does the facility have a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP)?
(p. 31)
c. Is a certification included in the storm water pollution prevention plan? (p. 31)
d. Are materials stored outside protected from contact with storm water?
(P- 31)
e. How does the facility clean the floors and surrounding areas? (p.32)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
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Wastewater and Storm Water Management
Storm Water Discharges
Under the Clean Water Act, it is illegal to discharge any pollutants into waters of the United
States from a point source unless the discharge is authorized by a National Pollutants Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit. The storm water regulations identify eleven major
categories that are associated with industrial activity. Facilities that fall under these eleven
industrial categories must apply for a NPDES storm water discharge permit. While automotive
service and repair shops did not fall into any of the eleven industrial categories, an automotive
shop may still need a storm water permit because the shop is located in an "urbanized area."
Urbanized area is defined as having one or more places (central place(s)) and the adjacent
densely settled surrounding area (urban fringe) that together have a residential population of at
least 50,000 and an overall population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile. Contact
your state or EPA regional office for more information regarding an NPDES permit for storm water
discharge. Additional information on the storm water program can be found at:
http://cfpub1 .epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm?program id=6
2.2a How does the facility manage its storm water?
Storm water (rain, snow) and other forms of water (e.g., washing overspray) are a
potential source of wastewater at a facility. Storm water discharges begin when rain
or overspray comes in contact with materials left unprotected outdoors. These
materials can range from spills left uncleaned, storage containers, or vehicle or
mechanical parts. To prevent contact with storm water, store materials on pallets (or
something else that keeps them off the ground) and cover them with a tarp or under a
roof. Close dumpsters and seal them to the extent that storm water will not enter or
exit the dumpster. The pollutants in storm water depend on the type of material(s) the
rain comes in contact with prior to discharge. A facility may "treat" storm water using
an oil-water separator or some other method of treatment to reduce pollutant
concentrations prior to discharge either to waters of the United States, or to a sanitary
sewer or combined sewer leading to a POTW. An NPDES permit or the POTW may
require wastewater treatment.
Q Waters of Storm water discharges go directly to waters of the United
the United States States, in accordance with NPDES storm water permit. •
Q Sanitary sewer Storm water discharges are directed to a municipal sanitary
sewer or combined sewer with permission of the POTW. •
Q UlCwell Storm water discharges go to a UIC well (via a floor drain).
Although there are some exceptions, as a general rule,
discharging industrial wastewater to a UIC well is NOT
appropriate.
Q Other Method of storm water management is not listed.
Q NA Facility does not discharge wastewater.
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2.2b Does the facility have a storm water pollution prevention plan
(SWPPP)?
If a facility must obtain an NPDES storm water permit, it will likely be required to
prepare and implement a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP). Automotive
repair shops must develop SWPPPs to prevent storm water from coming in contact
with potential contaminants.
Q Ves Facility has an SWPPP. •
Q No Facility does not have an SWPPP.
Q NA Facility is not required to have an SWPPP.
2.2c Is a certification included in the storm water pollution prevention
plan?
Each SWPPP must include a certification, signed by an authorized individual, stating
that discharges from the site have been tested or evaluated for the presence of non-
storm water discharges. The certification must include the following:
Description of possible significant sources of non-storm water,
Results of any test and/or evaluation conducted to detect such discharges,
The test method or evaluation criteria used, the dates of the tests/evaluations,
and the on site drainage points directly observed during the test or evaluation.
If certification is not feasible, the storm water pollution prevention plan must describe
why (e.g., no access to discharge sites).
Q Yes Facility's SWPPP includes a certification. •
Q No Facility's SWPPP does not include a certification, or certification is
not feasible and facility has included an explanation in the SWPPP.
Q NA Facility is not required to have an SWPPP.
2.2d Are materials stored outside protected from contact with storm
water?
Q Yes Facility protects materials from rain/snow or overspray. •
Q No Facility does not protect materials from rain/snow or overspray.
Q NA Facility does not store materials outside.
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Wastewater and Storm Water Management
2.2e How does the facility clean the floors and surrounding areas?
Q Dry Cleanup Facility uses "dry methods" such as dry mop, broom, rags,
absorbents, etc., thus reducing generation of contaminated
wastewater. • Note: See box below.
Q Water Facility uses a hose or wet mop, thus generating
wastewater.
Suggested Dry Cleanup Methods
Small Spills: Use shop towels and then send them to an industrial laundry. Avoid
paper towels! If paper towels are used to pick up hazardous waste, they become
hazardous waste.
Medium-Sized Spills: Use absorbent, portable berms as temporary holding areas to
contain a liquid while cleaning. Soak up the liquid and put in containers. Then wipe
with a shop towel.
Oil and Water/Antifreeze Spills:
1. Use a hydrophobic mop for cleaning up spills containing oil and recycle
recovered oil in a mop bucket labeled "waste oil."
2. Use a regular mop for cleaning up antifreeze and recycle recovered antifreeze in
a mop bucket labeled "waste antifreeze."
3. If there is a slight film on the ground after steps 1 and/or 2, use a shop towel to
clean it up. Use an industrial laundry to clean shop towels.
4. Finally, if there is something still on the floor, clean it up with soap and water.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
SECTION 3.0 AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS
AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Equipment Cleaning and Spent Solvents
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to equipment
cleaning and spent solvents for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility clean equipment/parts on-site? (p. 33)
b. What kind of cleaning agents does the facility use? (p. 34)
c. Does the facility keep the lids of solvent cleaning equipment closed? (p. 34)
d. If halogenated solvents are used in cleaning equipment, has the facility
submitted a notification report to the air permitting agency? (p. 34)
e. Does the facility store solvents in labeled containers? (p. 35)
f. How does the facility manage/dispose of spent solvents? (p. 35)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Equipment Cleaning and Spent Solvents
An automotive repair shop may clean various kinds of equipment using solvents. The
types of wastes created from equipment cleaning include sludge, wastewater, and the
"spent" (used, ready for disposal) cleaning solvents. Auto shops must follow EPA
waste management regulations for "waste" or "spent" solvents.
To assist the shop in seeking alternative, less hazardous solvents, review EPA's
Solvents Alternative Guide (SAGE) at http://es.epa.gov/ssds/sagedown.html. This
on-line guide provides pollution prevention information on solvent and process
alternatives for parts cleaning and degreasing.
3.1 a Does the facility clean equipment/parts on-site?
A typical operation found at most automotive repair facilities involves the cleaning of
engine parts, tools, and other small items. The facility may use some type of solvent
cleaning equipment, such as a parts washer or a dip tank.
Q Yes Facility does clean equipment, parts, tools or other items.
Q No Facility does not clean equipment, parts, tools or other items.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
3.1 b What kind of cleaning agents does the facility use?
Various cleaning agents can be used for equipment/parts cleaning, including steam,
pressurized water, surfactants (soap), and chemical solvents. If the shop uses
hazardous chemical solvents, technicians should wear protective safety gear, follow
good housekeeping practices, such as, keep labels clean and on the proper
containers to avoid misuse and potential injury or contamination, and good ventilation.
The facility uses one or more of the following cleaning agents:
Q Water
Q Surfactants
Q Other
Q Steam
Q Chemical solvents
3.1c Does the facility keep the lids of solvent cleaning equipment
closed?
Facilities should keep the lids or covers of solvent cleaning equipment (e.g., parts
washers, dip tanks) closed except when actually cleaning parts or adding or removing
liquid to prevent evaporation of solvents.
Q Yes Facility keeps lids of solvent cleaning equipment closed. •
Q No Facility does not keep lids of solvent cleaning equipment closed.
Q NA Facility does not conduct parts cleaning using solvent cleaning
equipment.
3.1d If halogenated solvents are used in cleaning equipment, has the
facility submitted a notification report to the air permitting agency?
EPA issued national emission standards
for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) to
control toxic air pollutant emissions from
solvent cleaning equipment (including dip
tanks and parts washers) that use any of
six halogenated solvents. These
halogenated solvents include:
Methylene chloride
Perchloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Chloroform
Tip: The shop can tell if these chemicals
are contained in the solvent by reading
the label on the container or reading a
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that
accompanies any hazardous material. If
the facility does not have an MSDS, one
may be requested from its vendor or visit
this website - www.ilpi.com/msds/
- Carbon tetrachloride.
Methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and 1,1,1- trichloroethane are the three
halogenated solvents most likely to be used in auto repair shops.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
All owners and operators of solvent cleaning equipment that use these solvents must
submit an initial notification report to their state or local air quality authority. This
report must include information on each solvent cleaning machine and control
equipment, and the yearly estimated consumption of each halogenated solvent used.
Additional NESHAP requirements depend on the type of solvent cleaning machine
(e.g., batch vapor, in-line) that a shop uses. Contact your state or local air quality
authority for more information.
Facility has submitted a notification report. •
Facility has not submitted a notification report.
Facility does not use halogenated solvents in its equipment
cleaning.
a
a NO
a NA
3.1e Does the facility store solvents in labeled containers?
Stored in containers. Containers must be compatible with the substance they are
storing, and have no signs of leaks or significant damage due to major dents or rust.
Keep containers closed (e.g., lids are on, caps are screwed on tight) except when
actually adding or removing liquid.
Labeled. Label containers holding spent solvents that are hazardous and those that
are transported for disposal. Note: Solvents in a parts washer do not need labels.
Spent solvents are stored as described above. •
Spent solvents are not stored as described above.
No solvents are used at the facility.
a
a NO
a NA
3.1f How does the facility manage/dispose of spent solvents?
The automotive shop may use an outside
vendor that undertakes the proper handling and
disposal of spent solvents. If not, the
automotive shop must determine if the spent
solvents are hazardous. If they are, do not mix
them with nonhazardous wastes such as used
oils. All hazardous waste must be stored,
manifested, transported and disposed of in
compliance with hazardous waste
requirements. Only treatment, storage, and
disposal facilities should dispose of hazardous
waste.
Do Not Forget the Sludge: Sludge
created from parts cleaning
operations may be a hazardous
waste. Make a waste
determination. If the sludge is
determined to be a hazardous
waste, it must be managed in
accordance with the hazardous
waste regulations.
Q Third party vendor
Facility uses a third party vendor. Many facilities use third
party vendors providing "turn key" assistance. These
vendors typically provide the solvents and parts washers,
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
Q Off-site disposal
Q Storm sewers or
surface waters
collect the spent solvents, provide transportation, and
recycle or dispose of the waste. •
Facility determines spent solvents are a hazardous waste
and manages the spent solvents according to the hazardous
waste program. •
Facility has obtained an NPDES permit to discharge
nonhazardous waste to storm sewers or to surface waters.
Q Sanitary sewer
Q UlCwell
Q Ground
a Other
a NA
Facility has obtained approval from the POTWto discharge
nonhazardous waste to sanitary sewers. Discharge may
require pretreatment. •
Facility discharges nonhazardous waste to an underground
injection control (UIC) well. The facility complies with UIC
program requirements. •
Facility discards spent solvents on the ground which may
affect groundwater or may flow with storm water into storm
sewers and surface waterways. Warning: This practice is
unacceptable.
Method of disposal is not known.
Facility does not generate spent solvents or sludge.
3.2 Fueling/Gas Stations
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to fueling for
compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Has the facility installed Stage I vapor recovery equipment for unloading of
gasoline? (p. 37)
b. Has the facility installed Stage II vapor recovery equipment at the pumps?
(p. 37)
c. Do fuel delivery records indicate compliance with appropriate fuel
requirements? (p. 38)
d. Has the facility clearly labeled the pumps with the product they contain? (p. 38)
e. Does the facility prevent the use of dyed, high-sulfur diesel/kerosene? (p. 38)
f. Do gasoline pump nozzles comply with 10 gallon per minute flow rate? (p. 39)
g. Does the facility use overfill protection measures, spill containment
methods, and spill response equipment during fueling? (p. 39)
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
These questions appear in the following text and may be accompanied with a discussion of the
preferred answers (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
3.2a
3.2b
Has the facility installed Stage I vapor recovery equipment for
loading of gasoline?
If an automotive repair shop dispenses
gasoline and is located within an ozone
non-attainment area, Stage I vapor
recovery equipment MUST be used by the
gasoline delivery truck driver while filling the
facility's gasoline storage tanks.
Tip: Contact your state or local air
pollution control authority to determine
if your shop's fueling operations are
regulated (i.e., in an ozone non-
attainment area) or check this website:
www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/greenbk/
Stage I vapor recovery equipment captures
and controls gasoline vapors which would normally be emitted to the atmosphere
during the storage of gasoline, or during the loading and unloading of a gasoline
delivery vehicle.
Q Yes Facility ensures that Stage I vapor recovery equipment is used. •
Q No Facility knows that Stage I vapor recovery equipment is not used.
Q Don't Know Facility does not know if Stage I vapor recovery equipment is used.
a NA
Either the facility is not located in an ozone non-attainment area or
facility does not dispense gasoline.
Has the facility installed Stage II vapor recovery equipment at the
pumps?
If facility dispenses gasoline and is located in a serious or above ozone non-
attainment area, it must install Stage II vapor recovery equipment at each nozzle
which dispenses gasoline at the facility. Stage II vapor recovery captures the vapors
from the automobile gas tank and returns them to the storage tank. Stage II vapor
recovery is the "black boot" on the gasoline nozzle and black hose extending to the
upper fuel pump canopies at dispensing stations.
Q Yes Facility has installed Stage II equipment. •
Q No Facility has not installed Stage II equipment.
Q Don't Know Facility does not know if it installed Stage II equipment.
a NA
The facility is either not located in a serious or above ozone non-
attainment area or does not dispense gasoline.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
3.2c Do fuel delivery records indicate compliance with appropriate fuel
requirements?
Fuel delivery tickets (i.e., product transfer documents) are receipts the facility receives
from the fuel deliverer which indicate the type of fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel, kerosene),
how much was received, when it was received, and whether the delivered fuel
complies with appropriate fuel requirements.
If the facility is located within an ozone nonattainment area and dispenses gasoline,
the fuel delivery ticket MUST say "RFG, certified for use in an ozone
nonattainment covered area" or "RFG." RFG stands for reformulated gasoline.
If the facility is NOT located within an ozone nonattainment area, the fuel delivery
ticket should say "CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE. This product does not meet the
requirements for reformulated gasoline, and may not be used in any
reformulated gasoline covered areas" or "CONVENTIONAL."
If the facility dispenses diesel fuel to diesel motor vehicles, the fuel delivery ticket
MUST say "LOW SULFUR" or "LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL."
Q Yes Delivery records indicate compliance with appropriate fuel
requirements. •
Q No Delivery tickets do not indicate compliance with fuel requirements.
Q NA Facility does not receive fuel.
3.2d Has the facility clearly labeled the pumps with the product they
contain?
The facility must label the pumps to indicate a description of the product (e.g.,
gasoline, diesel, kerosene), product grade (e.g., regular, mid-grade, premium), and
octane (e.g., 87 octane) that is being dispensed from the nozzle.
Q Yes Facility clearly labels the pumps. •
Q No Facility does not label pumps.
Q NA Facility does not have pumps.
3.2e Does the facility prevent the use of dyed, high-sulfur
diesel/kerosene?
Most automotive fuel/gas stations will only dispense low sulfur diesel to motor
vehicles. The types of diesel motor vehicles include, but are not limited to, diesel
tractor trailers, diesel pick-up trucks and diesel automobiles that are licensed and
tagged for on-road travel.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
In some instances, an automotive fuel/gas station may dispense dyed, high-sulfur fuel.
The station must prevent dyed, high-sulfur diesel/kerosene fuel from being dispensed
diesel motor vehicles. The shop can prevent the fueling operation by (1) securing the
pump nozzle with lock and key, (2) monitoring pump use, or (3) locating the pump in a
place where diesel motor vehicles cannot pull-up and dispense the fuel.
Q Yes Facility prevents dyed, high-sulfur diesel/kerosene fuel from being
dispensed into diesel motor vehicles. •
Q No Facility does not prevent high-sulfur diesel/kerosene fuel from being
dispensed into diesel motor vehicles.
Q NA Facility does not have pumps with dyed, high-sulfur diesel/kerosene
fuel.
3.2f Do gasoline pump nozzles comply with 10 gallon per minute flow
rate?
Every retailer dispensing gasoline must equip each pump from which gasoline or
methanol is introduced into vehicles with a nozzle that dispenses fuel at a flow rate
not to exceed 10 gallons per minute.
Q Yes Facility has tested the pump nozzles, and they comply. •
Q No Facility has tested the pump nozzles, but they do not comply.
Q Don't Know Facility does not know if pump nozzles have been tested.
Q NA Facility does not dispense gasoline or methanol.
3.2g Does the facility use overfill protection measures, spill containment
methods, and spill response equipment during fueling?
When fueling vehicles, facilities should use overfill protection, spill containment, and
spill response equipment to prevent overflows and spills.
Overfill protection. Facilities can prevent fuel overflows during tank filling by
installing preventive measures, such as self-locking fuel measures that regularly
monitor transfers. In addition, a facility can prevent spills that result from
"topping off tanks by training employees on proper fueling techniques.
Spill containment. Facilities should clean leaks and spills immediately using
dry methods such as absorbent wipes.
Spill response. Portable absorbent booms should be readily available for a
quick response to spills. Use dry absorbent materials such as kitty litter or
organic-based absorbents to absorb oil and grease. Dispose used absorbent
properly in accordance with federal and state regulations.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
Q Yes Facility uses the measures, methods, and equipment described
above. •
Q No Facility does not use the measures, methods, or equipment
described above.
Q NA Facility does not have fueling operations.
3.3 Automotive Painting
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to automotive
painting operations for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility conduct painting/paint removal operations? (p. 40)
b. Does the facility have air permits? (p. 41)
c. If yes to 3.3b, does the facility meet air permit conditions? (p. 41)
d. Does the facility prepare surfaces to be painted by shot or grit blasting, grinding,
or sanding? (p. 41)
e. Does the facility collect paint chips and metal dusts? (p. 41)
f. How does the facility manage stripped paint chips and baghouse dusts?
(p. 42)
g. Does the facility use low VOC paints in its painting operations? (p. 42)
h. Does the facility prepare paint (quantity) according to the job? (p. 42)
i. Does the facility take measures to minimize overspray? (p. 43)
j. When not in use, does the facility store paints in labeled containers?
(p. 43)
k. How does the facility manage used paints and paint waste? (p. 43)
I. How does the facility dispose of spray paint booth air filters? (p. 44)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
3.3a Does the facility conduct painting/paint removal operations?
The collision repair and paint shop should be painting in appropriate areas within the
shop, i.e., paint booths. Note: The facility should verify that there are no drains in the
areas where painting occurs.
Q Yes Facility conducts painting/paint removal operations.
Q No Facility does not conduct painting/paint removal operations.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
3.3b Does the facility have air permits?
State or local air quality authorities usually issue air pollution permits for certain
operations, i.e., automotive painting operations. Check with your state or local air
quality authority for applicability and specific requirements.
Q Yes Facility has air permits and they are current. •
Permit No(s):
Q No Facility has not obtained air permits.
Q NA Permits are not required.
3.3c If yes to 3.3b, does the facility meet air permit conditions?
Q Yes Facility is meeting all air permit conditions. •
Q No Facility is not meeting air permit conditions.
Q NA Permits are not required.
3.3d Does the facility prepare vehicle surfaces by shot or grit blasting,
grinding, or sanding?
In preparation for painting, paint/collision repair shops remove old paint from
automobiles by shot or grit blasting. Grinding and sanding are often used to prepare
the surface to be painted.
Q Yes Facility uses one of the above methods.
Q No Facility does not use one of the above methods.
Q NA Facility is not preparing surfaces for painting at this time.
3.3e Does the facility collect paint chips and metal dusts?
An effective practice to assure the optimum collection of paint dusts and chips is to
blast and sand within a booth designed with a dust collection control device (e.g.,
baghouse). Blasting, grinding or sanding operations indoors without dust collection
and air pollution controls may expose employees to levels of airborne dust in excess
of the OSHA permissible limits for personal exposure to heavy metals, such as lead
and cadmium. Conducting operations outdoors allows dust and paint debris to
disperse into the environment. Local and state air pollution regulations may not allow
this. Check with your state or local air quality authorities.
Q Yes Facility collects paint chips and metal dusts using appropriate
equipment. •
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
Q No Facility does not collect paint chips and metal dusts.
Q NA Facility does not conduct paint removal operations.
3.3f How does the facility manage stripped paint chips and baghouse
dusts?
All materials collected from shot and grit blasting and sanding/grinding operations may
be classified as hazardous waste, depending on the previous paint coatings. If the
previous paints contained lead or chromium, the waste chips and dusts may be
hazardous waste, depending on Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
test results.
Q Recycle Facility recycles materials on-site or ships them to a
recycling facility. •
Q Landfill Based on waste characterization, facility disposes materials
at a municipal or hazardous waste landfill. •
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed here.
Q NA Facility does not have these wastes.
3.3g Does the facility use low VOC paints in its painting operations?
Paint labels or product data sheets (or material safety data sheets [MSDSs]) should
contain the VOC (volatile organic compounds) content of the paint. In general, VOC
content greater than or equal to 5 Ibs/gallon is high, between 4 and 5 Ibs/gallon is low,
and below 4 Ibs/gallon is very low. In some areas, the automotive paint shop may be
restricted to only low VOC paints. Check with your local or state air quality authority.
Q Yes Facility uses paints with VOC content less than 5 Ibs/gallon. •
Q No Facility uses paints with VOC content of 5 Ibs/gallon or higher.
Q NA Facility does not have painting operations.
3.3h Does the facility prepare paint (quantity) according to the job?
To minimize leftover paint, the shop should calculate the amount of paint needed for
each scheduled job, as opposed to preparing a large quantity of paint. If there is a
little paint leftover, the shop might consider giving the leftover to their customer for
touch-up.
Q Yes Facility prepares paint by the job. •
Q No Facility prepares paints in large batches.
Q NA Facility does not have painting operations.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
3.3i Does the facility take measures to minimize overspray?
Automotive painting shops can use a variety of application equipment to minimize
overspray, i.e., air-assisted; airless, high-volume, low pressure turbine; air atomized
electrostatic; and airless, or electrostatic application techniques. Another technique is
the use of high transfer efficiency spray applicators. High efficiency sprayers should
have a label "HVLP" on the gun. This is not yet a federal regulatory requirement but
may be required in your state.
Q Yes Facility takes measures to minimize overspray. •
Q No Facility does not take measures to minimize overspray.
Q NA Facility does not have painting operations.
3.3j When not in use, does the facility store paints in labeled
containers?
When not in use, the automotive shop must ensure that paints are properly contained
and labeled. The containers must be closed with tight-fitting lids, and stored so that a
spill would not reach a drain or otherwise leave the facility. Container labels must
indicate contents.
Q Yes Facility contains and labels paints as described above. •
Q No Facility does not contain and/or label paints as described above.
Q NA Facility does not store paints.
3.3k How does the facility manage used paints and paint waste?
The automotive paint/collision shop should not bury or discard waste paint cans,
residuals, or unused paint products on-site. Organic solvent-based paints and
residuals may be hazardous wastes and require manifesting, storage, transportation,
and disposal in full compliance with hazardous waste regulations.
Aerosol cans that are empty and depressurized (i.e., all propellant is discharged) may
be classified as nonhazardous solid waste for off-site disposal.
Q Reuse Facility gives away leftover paints and thinners to
customers, employees, or at "paint swaps." •
Q Recycle Items are recycled by a paint recycler. •
Q Landfill Based on waste characterization, facility disposes of paints
at a municipal or hazardous waste landfill. •
Q Mix with Facility mixes materials with other fluids (solvent, used oil).
other fluids
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
Q Drain Facility pours leftover paint down the drain. Warning: This
practice must be stopped immediately.
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed here.
Q NA Facility does not generate these wastes.
3.31 How does the facility dispose of spray paint booth air filters?
The automotive paint shop must characterize their spray booth air filters. Depending
upon the results of the characterization, hazardous or non-hazardous, the shop must
dispose the filters accordingly. Filters characterized as non-hazardous can be
disposed as a solid waste and into a municipal landfill. Filters characterized as
hazardous must be managed as a hazardous waste.
Q Dispose as Facility disposes filters containing hazardous paints as
hazardous waste hazardous waste. •
Q Recycle Facility sends nonhazardous filters to a recycling facility. •
Q Landfill Facility sends nonhazardous filters to a landfill. •
Q Other Method of disposal is not listed.
Q NA Facility does not use filters.
3.4 Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (MVAC)
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to motor
vehicle air conditioning repair for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility employ trained and EPA Section 609 certified technicians?
(P. 45)
b. Does the facility remove all refrigerant from the MVAC prior to maintenance
activities? (p. 46)
c. Has the facility ensured that its CFCs are purchased legally? (p. 46)
d. Does the facility service and/or retrofit MVACs with alternative
refrigerants? (p. 47)
e. If yes to 3.4d, are the alternative refrigerants approved under the SNAP
(Significant New Alternatives Policy)? (p. 47)
f. If yes to 3.4e, does the facility have recovery/recycling equipment certified for
that particular refrigerant for each refrigerant removed from the MVAC unit?
(P. 47)
g. When retrofitting, does the facility:
A. Remove all ft-72? (p. 47)
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B. Install unique service fittings? (p. 47)
C. Affix permanent labels? (p. 47)
D. Install barrier hoses (required for R-22 blends) ? (p. 47)
E. Install compressor shut-off switches? (p. 48)
These questions appear in the following text and are accompanied with a discussion of the
preferred answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Air Conditioning Repair
Since July 1, 1992, it is unlawful for any person maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of
any appliance (including MVACs) or industrial refrigeration to knowingly vent, release, or dispose
of any ozone-depleting substance [e.g., chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)] to the environment. In
addition, section 609 of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA) required EPA to implement
regulations which would limit emissions of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) from motor
vehicle air conditioners (MVACs). A technician is subject to the MVAC regulations if he/she
receives compensation for servicing, maintaining, or repairing an MVAC. Fact sheets and copies
of the regulations can be found at EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Web Site:
www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/609/index.htmltffactsheets or by contacting the Stratospheric Ozone
Information Hotline at (800) 296-1996.
Technicians repairing or servicing motor vehicle air conditioners must use EPA approved
recovery and/or recycling equipment. To be approved by EPA, equipment must meet the Society
of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards for approval. Recover-only equipment must meet SAE
standard J-2209. Recover/recycle equipment must meet SAE standard J-1991.
Currently, EPA has approved the Electrical Testing Laboratories (ETL) and Underwriters
Laboratories (UL) to certify recycling and recovery equipment. Certified equipment are labeled:
"This equipment has been certified by ETL/UL to meet EPA's minimum
requirements for recycling and/or recovery equipment intended for use
with [appropriate category of appliance~e.g., small appliances, HCFC
appliances containing less than 200 pounds of refrigerant, all high-pressure
appliances, etc.]."
For a list of approved equipment, review EPA's website at:
www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/609/technicians/appequip.html
Facilities that use recovery equipment must provide documentation that the refrigerant is sent to
an EPA-approved reclaimer. A regularly updated list of EPA-certified refrigerant reclaimers is
available at http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/608/re-clamation/reclist.html.
3.4a Does the facility employ trained and EPA certified technicians?
Technicians that service motor vehicle air-conditioning units must be properly trained
and EPA Section 609 certified. Each technician must have his or her own
certification. Certificates must be kept at the place of business.
Q Yes Technicians are certified and a copy available at the shop. •
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
Q No Technicians are not certified, no certificate available at the shop.
Q NA Facility does not service MVAC units.
3.4b Does the facility remove all refrigerant from the MVAC prior to
maintenance activities?
Before the technician can begin repairing the MVAC unit, all of the refrigerant in the
unit must be removed and collected with the use of EPA-certified refrigerant
recovery/recycling equipment.
Q Yes Facility removes and collects refrigerant from MVAC prior to
maintenance activities. •
Q No Facility does not remove or collect refrigerant from MVAC prior to
maintenance activities.
Q NA Facility does not service MVAC units.
3.4c Has the facility ensured that its CFCs are purchased legally?
Investigating the source of R-12 and
the chain of ownership is the
facility's responsibility!
The automotive shop owner or
manager should know the source of offense and could face severe Penalties'
Warning: If a facility knowingly buys or
possesses CFCs smuggled into the United
States, it is committing a punishable, criminal
the purchased CFCs. Before buying ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^™
CFCs, the owner or manager should
ask the seller for documents of prior ownership of the product and a laboratory
analysis of the quality.
If the material is imported, a facility should know when, where, and from whom it was
imported. The shop manager should check the containers when they arrive. Illegally
imported refrigerant is sometimes packaged in wrong size containers or fixed with
improper valves. Remember, if a facility purchases or possesses CFCs that entered
the United States illegally, the U.S. Customs Service can confiscate the product.
Other potential consequences for purchasing or possessing illegal CFCs include
becoming the subject of an investigation by the Customs Service, EPA, and the
Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The IRS reviews the incident to determine if there is
a failure to pay the tax that is assessed on legally imported CFCs.
Q Yes Facility has ensured that CFCs have been legally purchased. •
Q No Facility has not ensured that CFCs have been legally purchased.
Q NA Facility has not purchased CFCs.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
3.4d Does the facility service and/or retrofit Motor Vehicle Air
Conditioning (MVAC) with alternative refrigerants?
Alternative refrigerants may include, but are not limited to: Hot Shot®, Freezone®,
HFC-134a, etc.)
Q Yes Facility does service and/or retrofit MVACs with alternative
refrigerants.
Q No Facility does not service or retrofit MVACs with alternative
refrigerants.
3.4e If yes to 3.4d, are the alternative refrigerants approved under the
Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)?
In 1994, EPA established the SNAP Program to review alternatives to ozone-depleting
substances like CFC-12. Under the authority of the 1990 Clean Air Act, EPA
examines new substitutes for their ozone-depleting, global warming, flammability, and
toxicity characteristics. EPA has determined that several refrigerants are acceptable
for use as CFC-12 replacements in motor vehicle air conditioning systems, subject to
certain use conditions. A regularly updated list of SNAP-approved MVAC refrigerants
is available at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/lists/mvacs.html.
Q Yes Facility only uses alternatives that are SNAP approved. •
Q No Facility uses alternatives that are not SNAP approved.
3.4f If yes to 3.4e, does the facility have recovery/recycling equipment
certified for each particular refrigerant removed from the MVAC
unit?
Q Yes Facility has equipment dedicated to each refrigerant removed from
a MVAC unit. •
Q No Facility does not have equipment dedicated to each refrigerant
removed from a MVAC unit.
3.4g When retrofitting, does the facility:
A. Remove all R-12? B. Install unique service fittings?
a yes a yes
a NO a NO
C. Affix permanent labels? D. Install barrier hoses (required
for R-22 blends)?
a yes a yes
a NO a NO
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E. Install compressor shut-off switches?
Q Ves
a NO
3.5 Catalytic Converters (CCs)
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to catalytic
converters for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does facility replace CC's that are the correct type based on vehicle
requirements? (p. 48)
b. Does facility replace CC's on vehicle covered under the vehicle's original
manufacturer's warranty? (p. 49)
c. If yes, was original CC missing due to State inspection program requirement?
(p. 49)
d. Does facility properly mark and keep replaced CC's on-site for at least 15
days? (p. 49)
e. Does facility completely fill out customer paperwork and maintain on-site for at
least 6 months? (p. 50)
These questions appear in the following text and are accompanied with a discussion of the
preferred answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
3.5a Does facility replace catalytic converters that are the correct type
based on vehicle requirements?
Replacement catalytic converters must be designed to work on the specific vehicle
under repair. Automotive facilities must do one of the following:
(1) routinely check a converter catalog or chart to ensure the correct type of catalytic
converters are kept in stock at the shop, or
(2) order converters one at a time as needed from a local parts store and provide the
parts store with the vehicle information so that the parts store can send the correct
converter for that car.
Q Yes The facility does either 1 or 2 listed above. •
Q No The facility does not do either 1 or 2 listed above.
Q NA The facility does not service/replace catalytic converters.
If NA is check, move on to the Asbestos section.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
3.5b Does facility replace catalytic converters on vehicle covered under
the vehicle's original manufacturer's warranty?
Installers are prohibited from installing aftermarket catalytic converters on vehicles still
covered under the vehicle manufacturer's emission control warranty. The original
catalytic converters on 1994 and older vehicles are covered under the manufacturer's
warranty for 5 years or 50,000 miles. Models 1995 and newer are covered for 8 years
or 80,000 miles.
Q Yes The facility does replace converters still under vehicle
manufacturer's warranty.
Q No The facility only replaces converters not covered by vehicle
manufacturer's warranty.
3.5c If yes to 3.5b, was original catalytic converter missing or replaced
due to State inspection program requirement?
Q Yes The facility installed a converter on a vehicle still covered under
manufacturer's warranty that came into the shop with the converter
missing or with authorization from the state or local vehicle/
emission inspection program that has determined the existing
converter had been lead poisoned, damaged, or otherwise needs
replacement. The authorization from the state or local authority
should be attached to the work invoice.
Q No The facility installed an aftermarket catalytic converter on a vehicle
still covered under manufacturer's warranty and the vehicle's
original converter was still present and the vehicle owner had no
authorization from the state or local vehicle/emission inspection
program.
3.5d Does facility properly mark and keep replaced catalytic converters
on-site for at least 15 days?
Used converters removed from vehicles must be kept on-site for a minimum of 15
days. The converter must be marked to indicate from which vehicle the converter was
removed. A properly marked converter contains:
1. The work invoice number or date of removal and the customer's name written with
a marker, chalk or equivalent marking material; or
2. A copy of the work invoice is attached to the converter.
Q Yes The marked converter meets either of the marking requirements. •
Q No The converter does not meet either of the required marking
requirements.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
3.5e Does facility completely fill out customer paperwork and maintain
on-site for at least 6 months?
Q Yes To receive a "yes" the facility must do all of the following: •
• Completely fill out the work invoice and warranty for the replaced catalytic
converter. Work invoices must include the following:
- Customer's name
- Customer's complete address
- Vehicle's make, model year, and mileage
- Reason for replacement (damaged, clogged, missing...);
• Fill out the catalytic converter manufacturer warranty card completely. Usually
the facility will attach a copy of the warranty to the work invoice; and
• Maintain completed work invoices and warranties on-site for at least 6 months.
Q No Any of the above are not done.
3.6 Asbestos - Building Renovation/Demolition
NOTE: The following question which is not included in the accompanying checklist, will help
the facility examine its operations relating to asbestos renovation and demolition
compliance:
a. If an automotive shop is renovated or demolished, has the owner notified the
local/state air authority and completed a thorough inspection of building?
(p. 50)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
3.6a If an automotive shop is renovated or demolished, has the owner
notified the local/state air authority and completed a thorough
inspection of building?
There may come a time when the automotive shop owner/manager or corporation
wants to renovate the current shop to improve its functionality by adding new
equipment and floor space. If a renovation or demolition of the building will be
undertaken to make way for a larger automotive repair shop, the owner and/or
operator must make a thorough inspection of the building for asbestos before any
renovation or demolition can begin. Depending upon the inspection results, the owner
and/or operator of the building must notify their local or state air quality authority that
asbestos abatement or demolition will occur at the site.
If the asbestos located in the shop will be stripped, removed, dislodged, cut, drilled or
similarity disturbed and the total amount equals or exceeds 260 linear feet on pipes,
160 square feet on other shop components (e.g., shop walls) or 35 cubic feet from
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
facility components for which the area could not be previously measured, the
renovation or demolition must follow the Clean Air Act's Asbestos NESHAP
regulations.
In addition to the notification and inspection requirements, there are requirements for
proper removal, transport and disposal. In addition, OSHA requirements will apply.
Do not attempt this yourself! Contract with a licensed asbestos abatement contractor.
Q Yes Facility has notified state/local air quality program office and
completed a thorough inspection of the shop before beginning
renovation/demolition activities involving asbestos. •
Q No Facility has not notified state/local air quality program office nor
completed a thorough inspection of the shop before beginning
renovation/demolition activities involving asbestos.
Q NA No renovation or demolition activity planned or in-progress.
3.7 Construction Activities
NOTE: The following questions, which are not included in the accompanying checklist, will
help the facility examine its operations relating to construction activities for compliance
with environmental requirements:
a. Are there any endangered species which may be affected by construction
activities? (p. 51)
b. Has the facility obtained a Section 404 permit for any projects that may impact
wetlands? (p. 52)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
If a shop owner or corporation is planning to construct a new automotive shop or expand to meet
customer demand, there are additional environmental regulations the builder must be aware of
and comply with should the construction activity impact the surrounding environment.
3.7a Are there any endangered species which may be affected by
construction activities?
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) establishes a program for the conservation of
endangered and threatened species and the habitats in which they are found. The
ESA prohibits the taking, possession, import, export, sale, and transport of any listed
fish or wildlife species. The term "taking" includes harassing, harming, hunting, killing,
capturing, and collecting. An individual may, by permit, be allowed an incidental
taking to an otherwise lawful activity if the applicant submits, and the U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service approves, a conservation plan addressing the impact of the taking,
mitigation measures, funding, and alternative actions considered.
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Air Pollution Controls and Other Requirements
Many construction-related activities have been identified as contributing to habitat
loss, which can cause the acts that are prohibited under the ESA. Persons engaged
in, or planning to engage in, construction activities must be aware if any endangered
or threatened species exist on the property involved, or the property is considered part
of a listed species' critical habitat. If neither is the case, the ESA does not apply.
However, if the action will "take" or degrade critical habitat, some form of mitigating
action must be taken to prevent harming the species. There are some exceptions
under the ESA and the local U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service should always be consulted
in cases where species are present. For more information on the ESA, access
USFWS's website at http://endangered.fws.gov/.
Q Yes The land owner has identified endangered species present at the
site of construction activities and has determined what impact
construction activities will have on them, or facility has determined
that no endangered species are present. •
Q No The land owner has not determined whether endangered species
are present.
Q NA No construction activities planned or in-progress.
3.7b Has the facility obtained a Section 404 permit for any projects that
may impact wetlands?
Construction activities that include dredging and filling of wetlands may require the
facility to obtain a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from EPA and U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers. The facility should identify any wetlands potentially impacted by
construction activities, consult with their state wetlands or EPA regional wetlands
coordinator. For more information, call the Wetlands Information Hotline at (800)
832-7828.
Q Yes Facility has identified wetlands and taken steps to obtain a Section
404 permit as necessary. •
Q No Facility is conducting construction activities that would impact
wetlands but has not obtained a Section 404 permit.
Q NA Facility is not conducting any construction activities that could
impact wetlands.
3.8 Pesticide Use
NOTE: The following questions, one which is included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to pesticide
use for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility apply pesticides only as directed by their labels? (p. 53)
b. Are restricted use pesticides (RUPs) applied only by a certified commercial
applicator? (p. 53)
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These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Pesticides
A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying,
repelling or mitigating any pest. Though usually thought of as insecticides, the term pesticide
also applies to herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, disinfectants and antimicrobials. Common
items that can be found in automotive repair shops include:
Cockroach sprays and baits
Insect repellents
Rat and other rodent poisons
Restroom disinfectants and sanitizers that kill mold, mildew and germs
Lawn and garden products, such as weed killers
Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), EPA registers all
pesticides used in the United States. Registered pesticides are required to be properly labeled
and if used in accordance with the label, they will not cause unreasonable harm to the
environment. Pesticides may only be applied in a manner consistent with the label. Do not
repackage! Store in original containers, and keep them out of reach of children.
Pesticides are classified as non-restricted use or restricted use. Anyone can apply a non-
restricted use pesticide. Only certified applicators or someone under the direct supervision of a
certified applicator can purchase and apply restricted use pesticides (RUPs). Pesticide labels will
state whether a particular pesticide is classified as restricted use only. For a list of state
FIFRA/Pesticide contacts, refer to the Association of American Pest Control Officials. Their
website is located at http://aapco.ceris.purdue.edu/
3.8a Does the facility apply pesticides only as directed by their labels?
Q Yes Facility applies all pesticides in accordance with the directions on
the labels. •
Q No Facility does not apply pesticides as directed by labels.
Q NA Facility does not use any pesticides.
3.8b Are restricted use pesticides (RUPs) applied only by a certified
commercial applicator?
Only a certified applicator or someone under the direct supervision of a certified
applicator can apply restricted use pesticides. States oversee the program for
certification of commercial (and private) applicators of restricted use pesticides. The
shop manager should ensure that all vendors and employees applying restricted use
pesticides are properly certified.
Q Yes Facility uses certified applicators to apply RUPs. •
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Q No Facility does not use certified applicators to apply RUPs.
Q NA Facility does not apply RUPs.
3.9 PCB-Containing Equipment
NOTE: The following question, which is not included in the accompanying checklist, will help
the facility examine its operations relating to PCB-containing flourescent light fixtures
for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Has the facility inspected fluorescent light fixtures for possible PCB containing
ballasts? (p. 54)
These questions appear in the following text and are accompanied with a discussion of the
preferred answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
PCB-Containing Equipment
Electrical equipment, such as electrical light ballasts, transformers, and capacitors, containing
insulating or dielectric oils, may contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). For automotive shops,
the biggest concern about PCBs are those located in fluorescent light ballasts. As part of your
shop review, examine each fluorescent lighting ballast for appropriate markings. Ballasts
manufactured between July 1, 1979 and July 1, 1998 were required to be marked "No PCBs." It
is acceptable to treat these ballasts as unregulated.
If there is no label with "No PCBs," there are two options the shop manager can consider. First,
you could assume that the ballast contains PCBs at 50 ppm or greater and dispose of the ballast
as PCB bulk product waste. Alternatively, you could conduct a survey of the manufacturer and
type of ballasts in use in the building and develop a random sampling plan for each manufacturer
and type of ballast found and analyze the samples for PCBs. However, regardless of the results
of the survey, you are responsible for the proper disposal of each ballast. For more assistance
on the appropriate disposal of ballasts, review this Question & Answer document:
www.epa.gov/pcb/qacombined.pdf
3.9a Has the facility inspected fluorescent light fixtures for possible
PCB containing ballasts?
Q Yes Facility has inspected fluorescent light fixtures for PCBs.
Q No Facility has not inspected fluorescent light fixtures for PCBs.
Q Don't Know Facility has assessed fluorescent light fixtures for their potential to
contain PCBs, and is unsure.
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Storage Tanks, SPCC and Emergency Response
SECTION 4.0 STORAGE TANKS, SPCC, AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
4.1 Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
NOTE: The following questions, all of which are included in the accompanying checklist, will
help the facility examine its operations relating to underground storage tanks (USTs)
for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Has the facility notified the state or EPA LIST program office of any USTs
located on-site? (p. 55)
b. Does the facility conduct leak detection for tank and piping of all on-site
USTs? (p. 56)
c. Do USTs at the facility meet requirements for spill, overfill, and corrosion
protection? (p. 57)
These questions appear below and are accompanied with a discussion of the preferred answer
(indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Underground Storage Tanks
Many automotive shops supply fuel for automobiles and other vehicles. They range from the
local repair shop to the gas 'n go shops that sell just fuel and provide no other automotive
service. In addition, auto repair shops may keep used oil or fuel for emergency generators in
underground tanks. These petroleum fluids are stored in underground storage tanks (USTs)
which is defined as a tank, and any underground piping connected to the tank, that has at least
ten percent of its combined volume underground, and is greater than 110 gallons in capacity.
To protect human health and the environment from dangerous releases, USTs must have leak
detection and spill, overfill, and corrosion protection. Other UST requirements address
notification, installation, corrective action, financial responsibility, and recordkeeping. For more
information on USTs, visit EPA's Office of Underground Storage Tanks website at
www.epa.gov/oust.
4.1 a Has the facility notified the State or EPA UST program office of any
USTs located on-site?
Facilities with on-site regulated UST systems must submit a notification form to the
responsible state (or EPA if you are located on Indian Lands) Underground Storage
Tank (UST) program. The form includes certification of compliance with federal
requirements for installation, corrosion protection, release detection, and financial
responsibility for UST systems installed after December 22, 1988. For more
information on how to obtain and complete the form, call EPA's UST Hotline at (800)
424-9346. The notification form is available at:
www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/cfr.htmtfustform.
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Q Yes Facility has submitted a notification form to the responsible State or
EPA LIST program office. •
Q No Facility has not submitted a notification form to the responsible
State or EPA LIST program office.
Q NA Facility has no USTs.
4.1 b Does the facility conduct leak detection for tanks and piping of all
on-site USTs?
Facilities with federally regulated LIST systems must conduct leak detection. The
monthly monitoring methods that may be used to conduct leak detection of tanks
include the following:
• Automatic tank gauging: This method uses automated processes to monitor
product level and inventory control in the tank.
• Statistical inventory reconciliation: A trained professional conducts a statistical
analysis of inventory, delivery and dispensing data, which the facility must provide
on a regular basis.
• Secondary containment and interstitial monitoring: This method monitors interstitial
space between containment barriers (for example, a double walled tank).
• Vapor Monitoring: This method samples vapors in the soil surrounding the LIST.
Leaked petroleum produces vapors that can be detected in the soil gas.
• Groundwater monitoring: This method monitors the groundwater table near an
LIST for the presence of released product into the water table.
Other methods approved Note. Facj|jtjes wjth USJs mgy use jnventory
control and tank tightness testing instead of one of
the monthly monitoring methods for a maximum of
10 years after the tank is installed or upgraded with
corrosion protection.
by the regulatory authority.
In addition, any pressurized
piping must have: (1) monthly
monitoring (as described
above) or annual line testing,
and (2) an automatic flow
restrictor, an automatic shutoff device, or a continuous alarm system installed. Check
with your State or EPA LIST program office to determine which leak detection
methods are acceptable in your state.
Q Yes Facility conducts at least one leak detection method for tanks and
pipes as described above. •
Q No Facility does not conduct leak detection.
Q NA Facility does not have any federally regulated USTs.
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4.1 c Do USTs at the facility meet requirements for spill, overfill, and
corrosion protection?
Spill Prevention:
Many releases at LIST sites come from spills made during delivery. Spills usually
result from human error and can be avoided if everyone involved in the fuel delivery
follows industry standard practices for tank filling. USTs must also have catchment
basins to contain small spills. Basically, a catchment basin is a bucket sealed around
the fill pipe.
Overfill:
When delivery drivers or LIST owners make fuel delivery mistakes, a tank can be
overfilled quickly and large volumes can be released at the fill pipe and through loose
fittings on the top of the tank or a loose vent pipe. Overfills usually result from human
error and can be avoided if everyone involved in the fuel delivery follows industry
standard practices for tank filling. USTs must have overfill protection devices when
they are installed. The three main types of overfill protection devices are:
Automatic shutoff devices,
Overfill alarms, and
Ball float valves.
Corrosion Protection:
Unprotected underground metal components of the UST system can corrode and
release product through corrosion holes. Corrosion can begin as pitting on the metal
surface. As the pitting becomes deeper, holes may develop. Even a small corrosion
hole can leak hundreds of gallons of petroleum into the surrounding environment over
a year. In addition to tanks and piping, metal components can include flexible
connectors, swing joints, and turbines. All metal UST system components that are in
contact with the ground and routinely contain product must be protected from
corrosion. All USTs installed after December 22, 1988 must meet one of the following
performance standards for corrosion protection:
Tank and piping completely made of noncorrodible material, such as fiberglass-
reinforced plastic.
Tank and piping made of steel having a corrosion resistant coating AND having
cathodic protection.
Tank made of steel clad with a thick layer of noncorrodible material (this option
does not apply to piping).
Tank and piping are installed without additional corrosion protection measures
provided that a corrosion expert has determined that the site is not corrosive
enough to cause it to have a release due to corrosion during its operating life
and owners/operators maintain records that demonstrate compliance with this
requirement.
Tank and piping construction and corrosion protection are determined by the
implementing agency to be designed to prevent the release or threatened
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release of any stored regulated substance in a manner that is no less protective
of human health and the environment than the options listed above.
Q Yes Facility has spill, overfill, and corrosion protection devices. •
Q No Facility does not have protection devices installed.
Q NA Facility does not have any federally regulated USTs.
4.2 Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs)
NOTE: The following questions, one of which is included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to
aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility have aboveground storage tanks (ASTs)? (p. 58)
b. Do ASTs meet or exceed NFPA 30A requirements? (p. 58)
c. Does the facility inspect ASTs on a periodic basis for leaks and other
hazardous conditions? (p. 59)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
4.2a Does the facility have aboveground storage tanks (ASTs)?
Q Yes Facility has aboveground storage tanks.
Q No Facility does not have aboveground storage tanks.
4.2b Do ASTs meet or exceed NFPA 30A requirements?
For facilities with fleet vehicle service stations, all ASTs must meet the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) requirements under NFPA 30A Automotive and Marine
Service Station Code and NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.
NFPA defines a fleet vehicle service station as a "portion of a commercial, industrial,
governmental, or manufacturing property where liquids used as fuels are stored and
dispensed into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles that are used in connection with such
businesses..."
NFPA 30A Automotive and Marine Service Station Code requirements address the
following:
Tank location and capacity • Piping and ancillary equipment
Control of spillage • Physical protection
Vaults • Corrosion protection
Fire-resistant tanks • Tank filling operations.
Requirements under NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code include the
following:
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Tanks
- Design and construction - Sources of ignition
- Installation - Testing and maintenance
- Storage tank buildings - Fire protection and
- Supports, foundations, and - Prevention of overfilling of
anchorage for all tank locations tanks
- Operating instructions - Leak detection and inventory
records for underground
storage tanks.
Piping systems
- Materials for piping, valves, and - Underground piping
fittings
- Pipe joints - Valves
- Supports - Testing
- Protection against corrosion - Identification.
Note: For more information call NFPA at (617) 770-3000 or access their website at
www.nfpa.org.
Q Yes Tanks meet or exceed NFPA requirements. •
Q No Tanks do not meet NFPA requirements.
Q NA Facility does not have ASTs.
4.2c Does the facility inspect ASTs on a periodic basis for leaks and
other hazardous conditions?
If regulated under the SPCC program, facilities must inspect ASTs on a periodic basis
for evidence of leaks or other hazardous conditions (e.g., rust, structural deterioration,
etc.) See Section 4.3 for additional information.
Q Yes Facility inspects ASTs on a periodic basis. •
Q No Facility does not inspect ASTs on a periodic basis.
Q NA Facility does not have aboveground storage tanks, or ASTs are not
subject to SPCC requirements.
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4.3 Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures
(SPCC) and Emergency Response
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to SPCC and
emergency response for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility's storage tank capacity make it subject to the Oil
Pollution regulations? (p. 61)
b. Could spilled oil reach waters of the United States or adjoining
shorelines? (p. 61)
c. Does the facility have a Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC)
plan signed by a Professional Engineer? (p. 61)
d. Is the phone number for the National Response Center posted on site for
immediate reporting of oil spills? (p. 62)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures Program
In 1973, the Oil Pollution Act regulations were created to address the oil spill prevention
provisions contained in the Clean Water Act of 1972. The regulation forms the basis of EPA's oil
spill prevention, control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) program, which seeks to prevent oil spills
from certain above ground storage tanks (ASTs) and underground storage tanks (USTs). In
particular, the regulation applies to facilities that:
Have an aboveground storage capacity of more than 660 gallons in a single AST or
more than 1,320 gallons in multiple ASTs, or a total underground storage capacity of
42,000 gallons; and
Has physical potential to discharge oil in harmful quantities into navigable waters of
the United States.
On July 17, 2002, EPA issued updated SPCC program requirements. The capacity limits were
amended to reduce the program coverage to smaller facilities. To be subject to the amended
SPCC requirements, a facility must meet one of the following conditions:
Have an above ground storage capacity of 1,320 gallons or greater. To be counted in
the 1,320 gallons, the oil must be in storage vessels or drums-55 gallons or larger. To
be subject to this regulation, an automotive repair shop must store more than 24-55
gallon drums with oil on-site.
Have a completely buried underground storage capacity greater than 42,000 gallons
and is not subject to either federal or state underground storage tank requirements.
Most automotive shops that dispense gasoline or keep used oil on their sites for energy recovery
should benefit from this amended rule. Since the shop's fuel tanks are buried underground, are
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subject to either the federal or state underground storage tank program and below the
underground storage capacity of 42,000 gallon, most automotive shops that dispense fuel will not
be subject to the SPCC program. Check www.epa.gov/oilspill/spccguid.htm for more information.
4.3a Does the facility's storage tank capacity make it subject to the Oil
Pollution regulations?
If the automotive shop stores oil that exceeds the regulatory capacity of 1,320 gallons
or greater in aboveground storage vessels or has a completely buried underground
storage capacity greater than 42,000 gallons and is not subject to either federal or
state underground storage tank requirements, the shop needs to complete a SPCC
plan.
Q Yes Facility exceeds capacity limits indicated above.
Q No Facility storage capacity is less than limits above.
Q NA Facility does not have storage tanks.
4.3b Could spilled oil reach waters of the United States or adjoining
shorelines?
The determination is based solely on a consideration of geographic and location
aspects of the facility. The location of the facility must be considered in relation to
streams, ponds, ditches (perennial or intermittent), storm or sanitary sewers,
wetlands, mudflats, sandflats or other waters of the United States. The distance to
waters of the United States, volume of product stored, worse case weather conditions,
drainage patterns, land contours, soil conditions, etc. must be taken into account.
This determination may not include considerations of man-made features, such as,
dikes, equipment of other structures that may hinder, restrain, contain or prevent an oil
discharge.
Q Yes The determination indicates a spill can reach waters of the United
States or adjoining shorelines.
Q No The determination indicates a spill can not reach waters of the
United States or adjoining shorelines.
Q NA Facility does not have storage tanks.
If you responded "Yes" to Questions 4.3a and 4.3b, you must have a Spill Prevention, Control
and Countermeasures Plan in place for your automotive shop.
4.3c Does the facility have a Spill Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasures (SPCC) plan signed by a Professional Engineer?
The SPCC plan must be on-site if the facility is normally manned for at least eight
hours per day. Otherwise, it must be kept at the nearest field office. An SPCC plan is
a written description of how a facility's operations comply with the prevention
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Storage Tanks, SPCC and Emergency Response
guidelines under the Oil Pollution Prevention regulation. Each SPCC plan, while
unique to the facility it covers, must include certain elements to ensure compliance
with the regulations. These elements include:
Written descriptions of any spills occurring within the past year, corrective
actions taken, and plans for preventing their recurrence.
• A prediction of the direction, rate of flow, and total quantity of oil that could be
discharged where experience indicates a potential equipment failure.
• A description of secondary containment and/or diversionary structures or
equipment to prevent discharged oil from reaching navigable waters.
• If containment and/or diversionary equipment or structures are not practical, a
strong oil spill contingency plan and a written commitment of manpower,
equipment, and materials to quickly control and remove spilled oil.
• A complete discussion of the spill prevention and control measures applicable to
the facility and/or its operations.
Facilities must have an SPCC plan that has been signed by a professional engineer.
This is not the same as a "hazardous materials plan," or an "emergency response
plan." However, some facilities may combine the SPCC plan with another plan. If this
is done, the plan should include wording such as "spill control and emergency
response plan." For more information refer to EPA's website at:
www.epa.gov/oilspill/spcc.htm
Q Yes The facility has an SPCC that has been signed by a professional
engineer. •
Q No The facility does not have an SPCC plan, or the plan is not signed
by a Professional Engineer.
Q NA The facility is not required to have an SPCC plan.
4.3d Is the phone number for the National Response Center posted on-
site for immediate reporting of oil spills?
In addition to an SPCC plan, EPA requires that if a facility has an accidental release of
an oil spill that meets federal reporting requirements (e.g., a discharge of oil that
causes a discoloration or "sheen" on the surface of water, violates water quality
standards, or causes a sludge or emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface or on
adjoining shorelines), the oil spill must be reported to the National Response Center
(NRC) at (800) 424-8802.
Q Yes NRC phone number is available on-site. •
Q No NRC phone number is not available.
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Recordkeeping
SECTION 5.0 RECORDKEEPING
5.1 NPDES Recordkeeping
NOTE: The following questions, one of which is included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to NPDES
recordkeeping for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility keep accurate records of monitoring information for the
minimum requirement of 3 years? (p. 63)
b. As part of the storm water pollution prevention plan, does the facility maintain
records of incidents (e.g., spills or other discharges) and other information
describing the quality and quantity of storm water discharges? (p. 64)
c. As part of the storm water pollution prevention plan, does the facility maintain
records documenting inspections and maintenance activities? (p. 64)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
5.1 a Does the facility keep accurate records of monitoring information
for the minimum requirement of 3 years?
It is extremely important to keep accurate records of monitoring information.
Monitoring results for wastewater discharges must be reported on a Discharge
Monitoring Report (DMR) form to the NPDES permitting agency. The permit will
specify the monitoring and reporting schedule. Such requirements are determined on
a facility-specific basis. Records of monitoring information generated under the
NPDES program must include:
The date, exact place, method, and time of sampling and the names of the
person or persons taking the samples;
The dates analyses were performed;
Who performed the analyses;
The analytical techniques or methods used;
The results of such analyses.
NPDES permits require that all records related to monitoring must be maintained at
the facility for at least 3 years. Many states require these records to be maintained for
at least 5 years.
Q Yes Facility maintains monitoring records as described above. •
Q No Facility does not maintain monitoring records listed above and/or for
a minimum of 3 years.
Q NA Facility does not have wastewater discharges.
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Recordkeeping
5.1 b As part of the storm water pollution prevention plan, does the
facility maintain records of incidents (e.g., spills or other
discharges) and other information describing the quality and
quantity of storm water discharges?
Q Yes Facility maintains these records as described above. •
Q No Facility does not maintain these records.
Q NA Facility is not required to have an SWPPP.
5.1c As part of the storm water pollution prevention plan, does the
facility maintain records documenting inspections and maintenance
activities?
Q Yes Facility maintains these records as required. •
Q No Facility does not maintain records as required.
Q NA Facility is not required to have an SWPPP.
5.2 Recordkeeping for Air Emissions
NOTE: The following questions, all of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to air
emissions recordkeeping for compliance with environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility meet the recordkeeping requirements of its air permitfs)?
(p. 64)
b. If the facility owns/operates appliances that contain ozone-depleting
refrigerants, does the facility maintain all required records? (p. 65)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
5.2a Does the facility meet the recordkeeping requirements of its air
permit(s)?
Facilities that conduct certain operations (e.g., parts cleaning, painting/paint removal,
burning of fuel, etc.) may be required to obtain an air permit. Many air permits require
recordkeeping to verify permit compliance. Contact the state or local air pollution
control authority for more information.
Q Yes Facility meets the recordkeeping requirements of its air permit(s). •
Q No Facility does not meet the recordkeeping requirements of its air
permit(s).
Q NA Facility is not required to have an air permit.
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Recordkeeping
5.2b If the facility owns/operates appliances that contain ozone-
depleting refrigerants, does the facility maintain all required
records?
EPA has established recordkeeping requirements for servicing and disposal of air-
conditioning and refrigeration equipment that contains regulated ozone-depleting
refrigerants. If the facility owns/operates appliances (e.g., motor vehicle air
conditioners, refrigerators, etc.) containing ozone-depleting refrigerants, it must
maintain the following records:
Records documenting the date and type of servicing performed on the
appliances;
Records of refrigerant purchased and added; and
If the facility employs technicians to service and maintain refrigerant-containing
appliances, records demonstrating compliance with the certification
requirement.
Q Yes Facility maintains records described above. •
Q No Facility does not maintain records described above.
Q NA Facility does not own/operate these appliances.
5.3 RCRA Recordkeeping
NOTE: The following question, which is included in the accompanying checklist, will help the
facility examine its operations relating to RCRA recordkeeping for compliance with
environmental requirements:
a. Does the facility keep copies of its manifests for the 3 year minimum
requirement? (p. 65)
This question appears in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
5.3a Does the facility keep copies of its manifests for the 3 year
minimum requirement?
The Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest Form is a multi-copy shipping document that
reports the contents of the shipment, the transport company used, and the
treatment/disposal facility receiving the wastes. The hazardous waste generator, the
transporter, and the treatment, storage or disposal facility must each sign this
document and keep a copy. The waste treatment, storage or disposal facility must
send a copy back to the generating facility. This completes the loop on the movement
of the shop's hazardous waste, from generation to disposal. A copy of the manifest
must be kept at the facility for 3 years.
Q Yes Facility maintains a copy of its manifest for a minimum of 3 years. •
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Recordkeeping
Q No Facility has not maintained a copy of its manifest for a minimum of 3 years.
Q NA Facility does not generate hazardous waste.
5.4 Recordkeeping for Underground Storage Tanks
NOTE: The following questions, some of which are included in the accompanying checklist
(highlighted in bold), will help the facility examine its operations relating to
recordkeeping for underground storage tanks for compliance with environmental
requirements:
a. Does the facility maintain leak detection records? (p. 66)
b. Does the facility maintain corrosion protection records? (p. 67)
c. Does the facility maintain records showing that a repaired or upgraded system
was properly repaired or upgraded? (p. 67)
d. Does the facility maintain records of the site assessment results required for
permanent closure for at least 3 years after closing a LIST? (p. 67)
e. Does the facility maintain records that document its financial responsibility?
(P. 68)
These questions appear in the following text, accompanied with a discussion of the preferred
answer (indicated with a "•") for environmental compliance.
UST Recordkeeping Requirements
Owners and operators of facilities with USTs are responsible for assuring that there are no leaks,
spills, or overfills from their tank systems. An automotive shop should keep all its records on-site.
The file must have a copy of your notification to the state (or EPA for American Indian lands), leak
detection documentation, rust prevention equipment tests, records of any tank repairs, financial
tools used to demonstrate the ability to cleanup and compensate others in the event of
contamination, and closure records. The inspector will ask to see copies of these records
Facilities should check with their regulatory authority about specific recordkeeping requirements.
Generally, a facility should follow this useful rule of thumb for recordkeeping, when in doubt, keep
it.
5.4a Does the facility maintain leak detection records?
The facility will have to keep records of leak detection performance and maintenance
information including the following:
Monthly tank monitoring (no matter the method) for one year
Pipes with product delivered under pressure, keep monthly pipe
monitoring/annual line tightness test/annual test of line leak detector operation,
for one year.
Suction pipe monthly monitoring for one year, or line tightness tests for
3 years.
Any repair/calibration records for one year
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Recordkeeping
Performance claims from the maker of your equipment or your installer, for 5
years
Q Yes Facility maintains records listed above on site. •
Q No Facility does not maintain all records listed above on site.
Q NA Facility does not have a LIST.
5.4b Does the facility maintain corrosion protection records?
Corrosion protection records include results of the last two tests proving the cathodic
protection system is working or the last three inspections proving that impressed
current systems are operating properly.
Q Yes Facility maintains corrosion protection records on site. •
Q No Facility does not maintain corrosion protection records on site.
Q NA Facility does not have a LIST.
5.4c Does the facility maintain records showing that a repaired or
upgraded system was properly repaired or upgraded?
Q Yes Facility maintains records as described above. •
Q No Facility does not maintain records as described above.
Q NA Facility does not have a LIST.
5.4d Does the facility maintain records of the site assessment results
required for permanent closure for at least 3 years after closing a
UST?
These results are important because they show the impact of a facility's UST on the
surrounding area.
Q Yes Facility maintains records for at least 3 years after closing a UST as
required. •
Q No Facility does not maintain records for at least 3 years after closing a UST
as required.
Q NA Facility has not closed any USTs.
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Recordkeeping
5.4e Does the facility maintain records that document its financial
responsibility?
Financial responsibility documentation shows one of the following. The facility:
• Participates in a state financial assurance fund;
• Has insurance coverage;
• Has a guarantee from another firm;
• Has a surety bond;
• Has a letter of credit;
• Has passed a financial test;
• Has set up a trust fund; or
• Uses another financial method(s) of coverage approved by the state.
Q Yes Facility maintains records that document financial responsibility. •
Q No Facility does not maintain records that document financial responsibility.
Q NA Facility does not have a LIST.
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Glossary of Terms
SECTION 6.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Aboveground storage tank: Any tank or container that is aboveground, partially buried,
bunkered, or in a subterranean vault. This includes floating fuel systems.
Acute Hazardous Waste: Commercial chemical products and manufacturing intermediates
having the generic names listed in 40 CFR 261.33; off-specification commercial chemical
products and manufacturing chemical intermediates which, if they met specification, would have
the generic names listed; any residue or contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from
the cleanup of a spill of any of these substances; any residue remaining in containers that are not
empty by RCRA standards (40 CFR 261.7)
Aquifer: A saturated water bearing formation of permeable rock, sand, or gravel.
Caustic: Any substance which can burn, dissolve, corrode, or eat away by chemical reaction.
CERCLA Hazardous Substances: CERCLA Section 101(14), as amended, defines "hazardous
substance" by referencing other environmental statutes, including: CWA Sections 311 and
307(a); CAA section 112; RCRA Section 3001; and TSCA Section 7. A list of over 600 CERCLA
hazardous substances is provided in 40 CFR 302.4. EPA has the authority to designate
additional hazardous substances not listed under the statutory provisions cited above.
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations. A codification of the regulations published by federal
government agencies. EPA regulations can be found at Title 40 - Protection of Environment.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): A family of gases commonly used in refrigeration and air
conditioning units. CFCs are one of several chemicals that are generally stable in the
atmosphere but degrade under intense ultraviolet light. When the CFC breaks down it releases
chlorine or bromine atoms, which damage the upper ozone layer.
Clean Air Act (CAA): The federal law designed to improve air quality by regulating air pollution
emission from stationary and non-stationary sources. The Act includes National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for specific pollutants.
Cleanup: Actions taken to deal with a release or threat of a hazardous substances release that
could affect humans or the environment. The term "cleanup" is sometimes used interchangeably
with the terms "remedial action," "removal action," "response action," "remedy," "remediation," or
"correction action."
Cleanup Operation: An operation in which hazardous substances are removed, contained,
incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleaned up, or in any other manner processed or handled with
the ultimate goal of making the site safer for humans or the environment.
Clean Water Act (CWA): The purpose of this federal law is to restore and maintain the water
quality of lakes, streams and rivers. This goal is being pursued by controlling both point sources
and non-point sources of discharge into surface water.
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Glossary of Terms
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA): The
federal law established in 1980 to identify, investigate, and clean up sites that might release
hazardous substances into the environment. It also established funding for these cleanup
projects (commonly called Superfund) and procedures for recovering any fund money expended.
CERCLA also requires the reporting of spills and releases of hazardous substances.
Container: Any portable device in which a material is stored, transported, treated, disposed of, or
otherwise handled, including drums, pails, buckets, and inner liners.
Corrosive: Material with a pH of less than 2.0 or greater than 12.5 or a material capable of
dissolving or wearing away steel at a rate greater than 0.25 inch per year.
Cradle-to-Grave: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act requirement for management
and tracking of hazardous waste is documented from the source of the waste (i.e., generator)
through its transportation, to treatment, storage and eventually acceptance by a disposal facility.
Department of Transportation (DOT): The federal agency that regulates the transport of
hazardous materials under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. These materials include
CERCLA hazardous substances and RCRA hazardous wastes.
Direct Discharge: Clean Water Act defines direct discharge as any addition of any pollutant or
combination of pollutants to (a) U.S. waters from any "point source", or (b) waters of the
"contiguous zone" or the ocean from any point source other than a vessel or other floating craft
which is being used as a means of transportation. This definition includes additions of pollutants
into waters of the U.S. from: surface runoff which is collected or channeled by man; discharges
through pipes, sewers, or other conveyances owned by a State, municipality, or other person
which do not lead to a treatment works; and discharges through pipes, sewers, or other
conveyances, leading into privately owned treatment works.
Discharge: The accidental or intentional spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,
or dumping of waste into or on any land or water.
Disposal: The discharge deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid
waste or hazardous waste into any land or water so that such solid waste or hazardous waste, or
any constituent thereof, enters the environment, is emitted into the air, or is discharged into any
waters, including groundwater.
Disposal Facility: A facility or part of facility at which solid or hazardous waste is intentionally
placed into or on any land or water, and at which waste will remain after closure.
Effluent: Any gaseous, liquid, or solid waste material that is released into the environment.
Emergency Response: A response effort by employees from outside the immediate release
area or by other designated responders (i.e., mutual-aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an
occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous
substance. Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances which can be absorbed,
neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release
area, or by maintenance personnel, are not considered to be emergency responses within the
scope of the OSHA HAZWOPER standard. Responses to releases of hazardous substances
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Glossary of Terms
involving no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, or chemical exposure) are not
considered to be emergency responses.
EPA Hazardous Waste Code: The code assigned by EPA to each hazardous waste listed in
RCRA regulations and to each hazardous waste characteristic identified in RCRA regulations.
Evacuation: A personnel or population protection strategy that provides for the orderly
movement of people away from an actual or potential hazard.
Facility: All buildings, structures, equipment, and other stationary items that are located on a
single site or on continuous or adjacent sites and that are owned or operated by the same person
(or by any person which controls, is controlled by, or under common control with such person).
Under certain circumstances, a facility can include rolling stock and other transport vehicles.
Fire Hazards: Hazardous chemicals, including flammable chemicals, that are liable to cause fire
through friction, absorption, spontaneous chemical changes, retained heat, or which can be
ignited readily and burn vigorously and persistently; combustible liquids having flashpoints at or
above 90°F but below 100°F; flammable liquids with flash points below 100°F; pyrophoric
chemicals that ignite spontaneously in air at temperatures of 130°F or below; and oxidizers that
can promote combustion in other materials, causing fire either by themselves or through the
release of oxygen or other gases.
Generator of Hazardous Waste: Entity that produces hazardous waste. Generators are
classified by how much hazardous waste they produce within a calendar month. There are three
classes of waste generators: conditionally exempt small quantity generators, small quantity
generators, and large quantity generators. The generator is required to determine if a solid waste
meets the hazardous waste definition, either "listed" or "characteristic."
Groundwater: Water below the land surface in a zone of saturation.
Hazardous Material: A substance designated by the Department of Transportation as posing a
potential hazard when transported. See 49 CFR 171.101 for a list of DOT hazardous materials.
Hazardous wastes requiring a manifest are considered hazardous materials.
Hazardous Substance: CERCLA Section 101(14), as amended, defines "hazardous substance"
by referencing other environmental statutes, including: CWA Sections 311 and
307(a); CAA section 112; RCRA Section 3001; and TSCA Section 7. A list of over 600 CERCLA
hazardous substances is provided in 40 CFR 302.4. EPA has the authority to designate
additional hazardous substances not listed under the statutory provisions cited above.
Hazardous Waste: A solid waste material that may cause or significantly contribute to serious
illness or death or that may pose a substantial threat to human health or the environment if not
managed properly, and which includes liquids, semisolids, and contained gases. Hazardous
wastes are subject to manifest reporting requirements. A material is considered a hazardous
waste under RCRA if it meets one of the following conditions:
• The material has been listed as a hazardous waste by regulations.
• It is ignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic.
• It is a mixture of a listed hazardous waste and a non-hazardous waste.
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Glossary of Terms
Hazmat: A contraction of Hazardous Materials.
Ignitable: Material that has a flashpoint less than 140°F, is combustible through friction, is
combustible through absorption of moisture, or can spontaneously combust.
Incident: A release or potential release of a hazardous material, substance, or waste into the
environment.
Indirect Discharge: A discharge which goes to a publicly-owned treatment works (POTW).
Indirect discharges do not need a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit but must comply with the POTW pretreatment standards.
Land Disposal: Includes, but is not limited to, placement of hazardous waste in a landfill, surface
impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land treatment facility, salt dome formation, salt bed
formation, underground mine or cave, or concrete vault or bunker intended for disposal purposes.
Land disposal facilities are a subset of treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs).
Groundwater monitoring is required at all land disposal facilities. Waste material can only be
disposed of at a permitted facility.
Land Disposal Restrictions: Regulations prohibiting the disposal of hazardous waste on land
without prior treatment of the waste. Land disposal restriction notifications ensure proper
treatment of the waste prior to disposal.
Landfill: A disposal facility or part of a facility where waste is placed in or on land and which is
not a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, or an injection well.
Listed Waste: Waste listed as hazardous under 40 CFR Part 261. A waste is listed as a
hazardous waste based on the process from which the waste was generated and/or the
constituents found in the waste.
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC): A local community group, including police and
fire departments, which must be notified in the event of an accidental release that exceeds the
reportable quantity of the following substances (1) EHSs (listed in 40 CFR Part 355, Appendices
A and B); or (2) hazardous substances subject to emergency notification requirements under
CERCLA Section 103(a) (listed in 40 CFR 302.4).
Manifest: The "cradle-to-grave" paperwork recording hazardous waste movement from its
generation through final storage or disposal. All parties must keep records for 3 years.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS): Information sheets which provide workers with details on
the health and physical hazards of chemicals to which they may be exposed in the workplace.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES): A permitting system under the
CWA established for regulating direct discharges of wastewater from industries and municipalities
into surface waters of the United States.
Nonattainment: The status of an area that is determined to exceed any national ambient air
quality standard for a particular pollutant.
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Glossary of Terms
Oil: Oil of any kind or in any form, including but not limited to petroleum, fuel oil, oil sludge, oil
refuse, and oil mixed with wastes.
On-site: The same or geographically contiguous property which may be divided by public or
private right-of-way, provided the entrance and exit between the properties are at a crossroads
intersection and access is by crossing, as opposed to going along, the right-of-way. However,
non-contiguous properties owned by the same person but connected by a right-of-way which he
or she controls and to which the public does not have access are also considered on-site
properties.
Operator: The person responsible for the overall operation of a facility or process.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): A federal agency which protects
worker health and safety under the Occupational Safety and Health Act and plays an important
role in environmental issues such as chemical exposure in the workplace.
Outfall: The mouth of a drain or sewer which flows directly into surface water.
Owner: The person who owns a facility or part of a facility.
Permit: A written document issued by the government that establishes standards and/or pollutant
limits for water discharges, air emissions, or for the handling, treating, storing, or disposing of
hazardous waste.
Pesticide: Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling
or mitigating any pest, or any substance/mixture of substances intended as a plant regulator,
defoliant or desiccant.
pH: A measure of alkalinity or acidity on a scale whose values range from 0 to 14 with 7
representing neutral. Numbers less than 7 correspond to increasing acidity. Numbers greater
than 7 correspond to increasing alkalinity.
Point Source Discharges: Any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not
limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock,
concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill leachate collection system, vessel or other
floating craft from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does not include return
flows from irrigated agriculture or agricultural storm water runoff.
Pollutant or Contaminant: Any element, substance, compound, or mixture which after release
into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any organism,
either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingesting through food chains, will or may
reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic
mutation, physiological malfunctions, or physical deformation in such organisms or their offspring.
It presents an imminent and substantial danger to public health or welfare.
Pollution Prevention: Any source reduction activity that results in the reduction of total volume
of waste, reduction of toxicity of waste, or both, as long as the reduction is consistent with the
goal of minimizing present and future risks to public health and the environment. Transfer of
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Glossary of Terms
hazardous constituents from one environmental medium to another does not constitute waste
minimization (see waste minimization).
Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTW): Any device or system used in the treatment
(including recycling and reclamation) of municipal sewage or industrial wastes of a liquid nature
which is owned by a "State" or "municipality." This definition includes sewers, pipes, or other
conveyances, only if they convey wastewater to a POTW providing treatment.
Releases: Defined by federal and most state laws as any spilling, leaking, pouring, dumping,
emitting, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, or disposing of hazardous wastes or
hazardous substances into the environment. This includes the abandonment of barrels,
containers, and other closed receptacles containing any hazardous substance or pollutant.
Under environmental laws, the term "release" does not include releases which result in exposure
to persons solely within a workplace, with respect to a claim which such persons may assert
against the employer of such persons.
Reportable Quantity (RQ): The minimum quantity of a CERCLA hazardous substance or
EPCRA extremely hazardous substance which is reportable. A release equal to or greater than
the RQ within a 24-hour period must be reported to the appropriate authorities (i.e., National
Response Center).
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): The federal act which regulates the
management of hazardous waste from the point of generation through transport, storage, and
disposal. It also regulates underground storage tanks and nonhazardous waste disposal under
separate subtitles.
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA): The federal act which deals with the quality of treated
drinking water. Regulations developed by EPA under authority of this act include drinking water
standards.
Sludge: A solid, semi-solid, or liquid material produced by the process of settling or sinking
caused by gravity. Sludges are generally waste products and are commonly generated by
municipal and industrial water treatment processes and air pollution control processes. Sludges
also occur in process tanks where liquids are stored. Sludges must be tested to determine if they
are hazardous wastes.
Soil and Groundwater Analysis: Tests used to determine the presence of substance
contamination and concentration levels. The analysis may involve soil borings and the
installation of test pits and/or monitoring wells.
Solid Waste: Any garbage, refuse, sludge, or other waste materials not excluded by definition.
Exclusions include domestic sewage and any mixture of other wastes that pass through a sewer
system to a publicly-owned treatment works (POTW); industrial wastewater discharges that are
point source discharges subject to regulation under the Clean Water Act; irrigation return flows;
nuclear materials defined by the Atomic Energy Act; and "in situ" or "in position" mining materials.
Wastewaters that are collected, stored, or treated before discharge and sludges generated by
wastewater treatment are not excluded.
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Glossary of Terms
Solvent: Any substance that can dissolve another substance. The term is most often used to
mean petroleum-based solvents capable of dissolving greases, oils, tars, and asphalts. Many
petroleum-based solvents are volatile, flammable, may be hazardous, and may be regulated as
an air pollutant.
Special Waste: A type of waste which is not a hazardous waste but requires more care than a
regular solid waste and may require special disposal procedures. Examples include: certain
sludges, asbestos containing waste materials, and oil waste.
Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan: Plan designed to ensure that a
facility puts in place containment and other control measures that will prevent oil spills from
reaching navigable U.S. waters.
State Emergency Response Commission (SERC): The state agency which must be notified in
the event of an accidental release of an extremely hazardous substance, a CERCLA hazardous
substance, or a chemical with an MSDS above the chemical's threshold planning quantity (TPQ)
or its reportable quantity (RQ).
Storage: The holding of hazardous waste for a temporary period, at the end of which the
hazardous waste is treated, disposed of, or stored elsewhere. Generators are required to have a
RCRA permit for storage of hazardous waste for more than 90 days or 180 days, depending on
the generator's status. Treatment or disposal facilities must be permitted.
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP): A physical/chemical analytical procedure
used to determine if a substance is classified as a toxic hazardous waste. If the test results show
that a solid waste exceeds any of the limits prescribed for 39 specific contaminants, the waste is
deemed to be a characteristically toxic hazardous waste.
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs): A company (on-site or off-site) where
untreated hazardous waste is taken for treatment, storage, and/or disposal. TSDFs are subject
to RCRA requirements and permits. TSDFs complete the "cradle-to-grave" cycle requirements.
There are many complex rules for facility operations and training of employees.
Underground Injection Control (UIC): The program under the Safe Drinking Water Act that
regulates the use of wells and other constructed conveyances to dispose or emplace fluids
underground. See http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/smallcompliance.pdf for more information.
Underground Storage Tank (UST): USTs are regulated under RCRA, Subtitle I by the federal
government, and by individual states under state programs. A UST is a tank, including any
underground pipes, which contains or used to contain regulated hazardous substances or
petroleum and has at least 10% of its volume beneath the surface of the ground.
Waste Minimization: This is the reduction in volume ortoxicity of wastes generated by source
reduction or recycling. Generators and TSDFs operating under RCRA permits are required to
certify annually that they have waste minimization plans in place and that the plans are being
implemented at their facilities. Generators must also sign a waste minimization statement when
signing the manifest.
Consolidated Screening Checklist for October 2003
Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook 75
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Glossary of Terms
Waters of the United States: All waters which are currently used, were used in the past, or may
be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to
the ebb and flow of the tide; all interstate waters, including interstate "wetlands;" all other waters
such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats,
"wetlands," sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds the use,
degradation, or destruction of which would affect or could affect interstate or foreign commerce
including any such waters:
(1) Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other
purposes;
(2) From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign
commerce; or
(3) Which are used or could be used for industrial purposes by industries in interstate
commerce;
All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this
definition; tributaries of waters; the territorial sea; and "Wetlands" adjacent to waters (other than
waters that are themselves wetlands).
Wetlands: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a
frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a
prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally
include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas.
Consolidated Screening Checklist for October 2003
Automotive Repair Facilities Guidebook 76
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Office of Enforcement EPA 305-B-03-004
and Compliance Assurance October 2003
(2223A)
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