August 1986 EPA-330/2-86-013
Hazardous Waste Ground-Water
Task Force
Evaluation of
Chem-Security Systems, Inc.
Arlington, Oregon Facility
Arlington, Oregon
U.S. Envlfohmenta! Protection Agency
Region 5, Library {PI-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604*3590
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DEQ OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
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\ UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
UF THF rfAZAHLOUS V.ASTE GROUND-WATER TASK FORCE EVALUATION 0:
CHEM-SECURITY SYSTEMS, INC.,
ARLINGTON, OREGON FACILITY
The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Hazardous Waste-
Ground-water Task Force (Task Force) , in conjunction with EPA Region 10 anv
the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) conducted an evaluation
of the ground-water monitoring program at the Chan-Security Systems Inc.
(CSSI) facility in Arlington, Oregon. The onsite inspection was conducted
over a two week period from December 2-14. 1985. CSSI is one of 58 hazardous
waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities to be evaluated by the Tas -
Force. The purpose of the evaluation is to determine the adequacy of the
facility's ground-water monitoring program in regard to the applicable Stat-
and Federal ground-water monitoring requirements. The Task Force effort came
about in light of the recent concerns as to whether operators of hazard >-•;-
waste treatment, storage ana aispos,..! facilities are complying with the ?*'. ~
This report pertain? only to the status of the ground-water monit"
program, at th- timr of tne Task '-;>r?
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in March and April 1986 to review the adequacy of these submittals. Major
•. . :cs of discus--~ion were a urooose~ ~rround-*vater flow model, water level dat;
stratigraphic correlations, well construction, pump test and slug test cor:-
ri.ng 101 ueii—
non-aqueous phas.- liquids. After the April 1986 meeting, EPA and DEQ began an
indepth review of tni; subnittals. A Notice of Violation (NOV) for deficiencies
in the submittals wa • subsequently issued by DEQ on August 4, 1986. The Nr
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3
In July 1986, CSSI and DEQ collected ground-water samples for the fourth
>^..~.rter sampling period at the new interim, status wells and the second semi-
_:.;._ci^ event lor trie previously lueritmeo ws-lls. CSSI samples from July 1986
tne DEv1 Laboratory are not yet availaole. Cyanide was not analyzed by either
DE^ or CSSI on this sample set.
Prior to the Task Force samples taken in December 1985 and the DEQ sample-
taken in April 1986. there was no indication that hazardous constituents might
nave reached the grouna-water at CSSI. EPA Region 10 and DEQ consider the VOC
ana cyanide data as potentially significant. The September 1986 samplinr
event will be extensive and will be the first comprehensive step in confirming
whether the contamination is real or whether it may be attributed to analytica"
problems. Further sampling for YOC's and cyanide will be conducted uncip"
the interim status ground-water monitoring program and will be included a-
yet cete.rr.ined whether the interim status gr:>;".--
Aater monitoring prograr. ^~ CS.rI ic adequate. The fact that the upptrx--*
aouifer is still being -.-ar'Arterizec: may result in delay of that determina';_ ;•
'^'<^:: characterizeti.-r, :- corrplrtt ^. EPA and OE^ will rejjire that tne :
monitoring system DT ae^ignea ana operatea. i
us V.aste Grouna-Water Tas'-; Force evaluati>::. . .
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HAZARDOUS WASTE GROUND-WATER TASK FORCE
EPA-330 2-36-015
GROUND-WATER MONITORING EVALUATION
CHEM-SECURT' SYSTEMS, INC.
Arlington, Oregon
"ci p.at ;*'
:c"xeiTitrt Investigations Center
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CONTEND
INTRODUCTION
'ECHNICAL R£PQR~
INVESTIGATIVE ME'HCCS . ..... 12
RECORDS/DOCUMENTS REVIE* ANC EvA.jATICS . ........ 12
CACILITY INSPECTIC^ ... . . .... 13
LABORATORY EVALUATION . . ........ 13
WATER LEVEL AND wELL OEc~ri WEASUREMENTS . . ...... 13
GROUND-WATER SAMPLING *MC ANAUVSIS . - . .... 1-1
FACILITY OPERATIONS ANC WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS ............ 20
FACILITY OPERATIONS . ......... 20
P*-e-Acceotance Reco'-c'i . . ........... 20
waste Tracking Recoras . . . ............ 21
WASTE MANAGEMEN" jNITS . ............. 22
Storage ......... ... ........... 24
Surface Impoundments . . ................. 25
La-d^^s ........... 31
3'0far- . ...... . 3-
Trucic Wasn . . . ......... 34
SITE HYDROGEOLCG1' . ..... 36
^^-DROGEOLOGIO JM'S . . . ....
GROUND-WATER -LCv. DIREC'IONS ANO '-'ES ...
GRCbNu-wA'ER yONrCBlN: P-OGRAM "OR INTERIM STATUS ... 45
REGULATOR^ REOUIREMEN~5 .... .... . 45
GRCJND-wATER SAMP. ING AND ANALYSIS SLAN .... ^
MCATORING WE..S . ..... 49
GS:.>•;-»-*[-, MCM~:R:NG PROGRAM PROPOSEC "OP, FINAL PERMIT
^'•:*;-i'^ :-TA ANA.-si; co=. INDICATIONS o? WASTE RELEASE
we'* Locations anc NL"i::e^ .... 56
OSS: SAMP_E COL_:.:~ION ANC HANDLING PRQCECUSES . . 53
Wate1" Level Measurements ... .... . 53
Purging . . . ... . . 59
Sa~:"e Cc"ect~c", Ha."uiiru =na Preservation . . ... 60
Shicclnq anc Cr.a"r-of-CuStoay ... ... ... . 63
5JMP.E iNA. • 51"
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CONTENTS (com. )
APPENDICES
A HA2.AF.jwCo WASTE uiSrMiAL Llv.t.'tic. (,M«'.l; liii/FD DI Ittl Gt\:.uu(<
OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
~ ,i~~r _---- -*• -i - - ~ - _ * ""~ w^'v^rwr^.T '!^TTC
C GROu'Nj-WA'ES CONTOUR MAPS FOP 'h'E SELAf "C'R^*:;",
D ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS FOR TASK FORCE SAMPLES
FIGURES
1 Location Map
2 interim Status Monitoring Well Network; . .
3 We'^s Sampled During Task ?orce Inspection
4 Location of waste Management Umts . . . .
5 Generalized Regional Stratigrapmc Diagram
6 Generalized Stratigraphic Column . . .
7 Interim Status Monitoring Wei1 Network
(as of Novetnoer 18, 1985)
TABLES
1 Tasx Force Sano'.e Collection and Well Location Description
2 Oroer of Sample Collection Bottle Type and Preservative
List
3 Surface Impoundments . . . ...
4 Landfalls . .
5 Water Level Measurements for Selected Wells
6 Estimated Pe^meanilities of tne Hydrogeologic Units . . . .
7 Construction Details for Interim Status Monitoring Wells
8 Results of Wei1 Ceptn Measurements
9 we1Is Having 2 ceet of Stand!-g «ater or Less Calculated
Standing Wate1" ("t ] .
1C Dectfis of Pump Intakes for Monitoring Wells Comoleted
i"1 Level 2 .
11 Events Regarc-r-g G-ound-Wate'- Issues or" tne CSSI RCRA
??-"t 5 ADD" ' caf on . . ...
12 C'qan-c CoinDiu^ds jetectec in TasK Force Samples . .
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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INTRODUCTION
Concerns have been raised about whether commercial and onsite hazardous
waste treatmtr.t, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs) are complying w'v
the ground-water monitoring requirements promulgated under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)*. In question is the ability of exist-
ing or proposed r-ound-water monitoring systems to detect contaminant
releases from waste management units at these facilities. To evaluate thes>,
systems and determine the current compliance status, the Administrator o*
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established a Hazardous Waste
Ground-Water Task Force (Task Force). The Task Force comprises personnel
from the EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER), Office
of Enforcement anc Compliance Monitoring (OECM), National Enforcement Inves-
tigations Center (NEIC), Regional Offices and State regulatory agencies.
Tne Task Force is conducting in-depth onsite investigations of commerces'
TSDFs with tne following objectives.
Determine compliance w'th interim status ground-water monitor1'"
'"eG^rements of" 4u CPR Part 265 as promulgated under RCRA or f •
£ts:e ec_~ •.a"?rt (.whe^e the State has received RCRA authcrizat" •
E.i'^ste t~e grcunti-wate1- monitoring program described in t~-
^CRr ca:'t :. permit application, submitted by tne facility, *:•
ccrr/^ance with 40 C"R Part 270.14(c)
Dete^-^e " * tne ground-water at the facility contains hazardo^
^a £:e c r constituents
^T.";C'_ ir,*:"^at-;cn to assist the Agency in determining if tne
~,~ -—::.£ E"" c^ou^G-w'ater monitoring requirements for wast?
7='=ceTe-: *3c"';t''ec Deceiving waste from response actions
ur.der RCRA address hazardous waste managexer.*
faczlity operations, including ground-water monitoring, to ensure tha:
hazardous xasif- rcnstituents are not released to the enviromient.
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conducted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
To address t^ese objectives, each Task Force investigation w
determine if:
The facility developed and is following an adequate ground-wate:
sampling and analysis plan
Designated RCRA and State required monitoring wells are properlj
'ocated and constructed
Required analyses have been conducted on samples from the desig-
nated RCRA monitoring wells
Tne ground wate^ qua.ity assessment program outline (or plan, a;
appropriate) is adequate
Ore o* tr.e TSD-s investigated by tne Task Force was the Chem-Secu^":_.
Systems, Inc. (C5SI) facility located soutnwest of Arlington, Oregon, abe~
120 miles east of Po^tla^a [Figure 1]. l'S5I is a subsidiary of Che^c;"
Waste Management, Inc. (CWM). Tne onsite inspection was conducted frcr
December 2 tnrougr, Cecembe- 12. 1255 and was coordinated by NEIC pe^sonre
Although Oregon was delegated Interim Authorization in July 1981, cc^
:":ete intev^'m status regulations, equivalent to tnose promulgated unce
RCRA, d^'d net become effective until September 1985. The State regulatic1
(which incorporated tne RCRA regulations by reference) allow 1 year fror
the effect'.e date ^o1" 3 facility to implement a ground-water monitor:1":
program, ^thoug" 2S5I had partially implemented an interim status mon-:-
'a~ b\ [ece7:=v- 1925. it was still being developed curing the ~±.-
* Policy, stated ~r. >;a*r 6, 19£5 memorandum frorr, Jack NcGraw on "Frcc--
durez for Planr.inc ar.d Implementing Off-site Response", requires the
TSDF? r^c$:ving CEZCLA vasts be in compliance with applicable RC-.A
grouna-water monitoring requirements.
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CHEM-SECURITY
SYSTEMS SITE "
'a •cprox. 90 mil**
Vicinity MA;
Figure 1
Location Map
(from Dames and Moore, 1985)
WASMINQTOK
•PASCC
OREGON
Location Map
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Consequently, tr,e scope of the investigation was limited to evaluate
tne current c" . - "- ----- ^ - - ---;"- < - "i an, sampling an^ =- = i ••?-'-
procedures, desigr.atec monitoring network wells and analytical results fro
sampies collected D:. Tas< Fo^ce personnel. Generally, the investigaticr
involved reviewing State, EPA and facility records; inspecting the offsiU
contractor laboratory; and sampling and analysis of ground-water samples.
The currently active portion of the facility encompasses less than 1".
acres, altnough CSSI owns a total of about 640 contiguous acres. The SL--
rounding area is agricultural and the nearest residence (excluding the on?.
residence occupied b> a CSSI emoloyee) is about 1.6 miles west of the site
Current waste management activities are conducted on a plateau, which has
an elevation of about 920 feet amsl* immediately north of a canyon (elec-
tion about 700 feet amsl). The main office and entrance gate to the facil
ity are located in the canyon.
The Arlington facility has about 50 employees and accepts hazard:,
waste**, PCBs/PCB n~:atey-'ial s, ana some non-hazardous industrial waste *
treatment, storage ana/or dispose". The facility also receives mater'~~
generated as a result of ^esponse actions conducted under the Comprehe'.- v
Env'^onmerta'' Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCiA). C;
reDc^ted"!y accents a- RCRA hazardous waste and so^id PCB material exc?:v
Radioactive waste
Explosive niate^ia1
B'o^cgical or infectious waste
Compressec gases in c^l^nders
St^cnc v<£*"" "e3ct';'.e waste
" ' *- r e a c. t, , L rtarte
-„-.-;.; waste v^'tr create1" than 100 ppm cyanide
Above mecr sea level
As defined in tne Cede cf Federal Regulations, Title 40, Fart 261 ar.
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Oleum*
waste har.alinc units*** fcr Hazardous waste and PCS material and tne
associated operations currently in use at the site include:
Container storage areas
Surface impoundments
Landfills
Truck wash
Waste storage tanks from a previously used waste treatment process
(area 3010) are not currently used.
Because the facility handles both hazardous and PCB waste, it is sun;
to the regulations promulgated under RCRA and the Toxic Substances Ccntr.
Act (TSCA), respectively.
Pricr to the delegation of Interim Authorization, the Oregon Departi.e
f E",'"ironme"ta' Que'ity (DEQ) issuea a hazardous waste disoosal lice^
(Nc. HW-ij tc CSSI ~cr the Arlington facility [Appendix A]. The licen?-:
was issued unde^ the provisions of the Oregon Regulatory Standards, CKr:
tc- -£:•. I: became effective or August 25, 19SG and expired March 31, 1::.
because tne CSSI Part B application was under review by the State and t: '•
t^cr State decided net to take action on the license, thereby automatic^"
extending it until the joint DEQ-EPA hazardous waste license (RCRA pe^:
• s issued.
L
did receive some oleum in May 1984 for treatment disposal.
Specirically, hazardous wastes listed in section 261.31 under
*** CSSI generally designates its waste handling units with a lette:
[5 - storage areas, F - surface impoundments ipond), L or T - lane:
ar.d a nurJber. Thus, storage area 4 is designated as S-4
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The RCRA Part E permit application for the Arlington facility was
November 1983. Upon receipt and review of the application, the Region dete-
rmined that, among other things, the ground-water monitoring/site characteri-
zation information was deficient. In June 1984, EPA assessed CSSI a penalt_.
of $25,000 for these deficiencies with $15,000 paid immediately and $10,00u
deferred. The deferred penalty was to be paid if CSSI failed to make ade-
quate progress in correcting the deficiencies in the Part B. Following the
deficiency determination in 1984, Region X began a series of meetings with
CSSI regarding hydrogeolog-'c characterization and ground-water monitoring
at the site; these were ongoing during the Task Force investigation.
On June 30, 1978, EPA Region X issued a PCB disposal approval to Cher-
Nuclear Systems, Inc. (now Chem-Security Systems, Inc.) for handling and
disposing of PCBs and PCB materials at the Arlington facility. The Lette^
of Approva" includes ground-water monitoring and reporting requirements.
The original approval expired January 1, 1982 and on March 15, 1982, CSS.
received an extension of this aporoval until January 1, 1985.
In the March 2E, 1?£2 Letter of Approval, Region X waived the r
to~s requirements fc1- a nvnimur of three monitoring wells and a leacnate
collection system beneath the PCB cJisoosal landfi"!ls. These waivers we*-r
re.>jNec "in early 1S£~ as a result of site geolcg'cal characteri
tifvina a "shallow" saturated zone underline the site.
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
The findings ara conclusions presented in this report reflect conditions
existing at tne faculty in December 1985. Actions taken by the State, EPA
Region X and CSSI subsequent to December, are summarized in the accompanying
update.
As of Decemier of 1985, CSSI had only partially implemented an interim
status ground-water monitoring program. Current State regulations
[265.90(c)]* allow one year from the date they became effective for a facil-
ity to implement an interim status ground-water monitoring program. Because
the effective date of tne regulations was September I, 1985, CSSI has until
August 31, 1986 to implement a program. Consequently, the Task Force eval-
uated the sampling and analysis plan, sampling and analytical procedures,
and monitoring we1 Is that had been developed or designated by CSSI at the
time of tne inspect"; cr, fcf the required interim status program.
The ground-wate" samel ing and analysis plan, which was being revisec
during the Tas* ^c-ce inspections, would not fully satisfy the State inter- -
status recui^eme-t; . adc-'tiona 1 details and method modifications were neecec
Fo^ example, metrcc cetails we^e needed for calibration of field meters,
samr^e prese^.atic" aric conducting analyses for chloride, nitrate, sulfate.
pr,e :", TC.- , tr:a" ores ,ic carbon, gross alpha and g^oss beta Mere ^reai.£r :
total dectr measurements were needed on all monitoring network wells. Trt
plan spec'*iec *nte"-'r>c of sample aliquots for most parameters, includin.
extractab'e o^ca^-'cs, whicn may yield results biased low. Filtering of
f,c >s-^"s at tne CSSI-Arl ingtcn facility needs to be
rc
CSSI fccedures for water level measurement, purging
, documentation, shipping and chain-of-custody were
cecu^ej wev"e aaecuate.
lat:™..' c^tarirr.5 in this report refer to 40 CFR Part 265 becaust
those re^uiacicns were incorporated, by reference, into the State
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CWM has a contract with Environmental Testing and Certification, Ir_.
i
";: be acceptable because of location, design o-
Pr;cr:ry pcllurar.ts ars aefined in the June 7, 1976 Natural
Defense Ccur.c:J
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construction deficiencies. Two of the designated upgradient wells (A-2 and
C-2) are not directly upgradient from the waste management areas and aooe?-
tc oe across ground-water flow divides fron the facility. Four of the dcv.n-
gradient wells (3M-1, 3R-1, 4K-1 and 4P-2) may not have adequate water for
sampling and therefore, may not meet State requirements [265.91(a)]. A
comparison of total depths reported on construction records to measurements
made on 11 wells during the inspection suggest that the 1-foot screen sec-
tion in another of the designated wells (2W-2) may be full of sediment. It'
so, the integrity of tne borenole would be comprised and the well would not
meet State requirements [265.91(c)]. Three multiple completion wells (20-1.
2U-2 and 2W-2) need to be tested for determining if the monitored zone is
properly sealed, as required oy 265.91(c).
In the northern portion of the facility [Figure 2], the number ana
locations of downgracMer.t monitoring wells near at least four waste manage-
ment unit; (P-9, 15, 1- and 15) are inadequate for immediate detection c*
releases from those units. Elsewhere, downgradient well clusters were soac-.
330 to 5CC feet apa^t (as measured perpendicular to the direction of grc.r",-
water flew). The adecuacy G~ tne spacings cannot be determined until t"-:
hyc^ogeclocic character" z;t.~ o~ c* the site, which was in progress duri1".
the Task Force insoect;o~, is completed.
CSSI subnittta a *art B RCRA permit application containing a prcooir .
ground-water monitoring program to EPA in November 1983. The applicatio-
wa: revised several times; however, the revisions were inadequate and thp
Company was issued a Notice of Deficiency (NOD). Subsequent site charactf -
-'zaf'on we-" re-.ea'e: tne neec to monitor a shadow water-bearing zone, •"
wn-'cr ne« interim status v,e":s were completed, in addition to the deep?1
zone pre-. 'o^£~_. Tc-'to^eo Tne discovery rendered the monitoring plan s.,r-
mitted ' r f T r.-'z"~:^ -a'-t ? oosolete. As of December 1955, the site c"-::--
acterizai'c- *as st;~: in progress. Consequently, a revised ground-watt.-
morr'tc^irL Z'la- for tne "s-^t E haa not been submitted fo1" review before v >;
Task Force inspectio- a~c cor,;-.^'ance with 40 CFR 270.14(c) could not :.e
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°
E CO
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i:
The analytical data from ground-water samples collected by Task Force
ine compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane was detected in two wells (4B-1 and 2Q-2
at concentrations of 95 ana 16 ug/L, respectively. Tetrachloroethene was
also detected in these wells at concentrations of 17 and 13 p/L, respective
A single organic compound was detected in each of two other wells (R-2 and
4H-2) just below the limit of quantitation (5 ug/L). Cyanide was detected
in two wells (3P-1 and 4J-2) at concentrations of 110 and 21 ug/L, respec-
tively. Additional work is necessary to confirm the presence of these com-
pounds and identify the sources.
Under current EPA policy, if an offsite TSDF is used for land disposal
of waste from a CERCLA site, that site must be in compliance with the apol"
cab"!e technical requirements of RCRA. At the time of the Task Force inspe:
tion, the ground-water monitoring program was in a developmental stage, ar
allowed DV the DEQ regulations during the year after the date they Decant
effective (which was September 1, 1985).
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TECHNICAL REPOR1
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INVESTIGATIVE METHODS
rne Task rcv-ce evaluation of CSSI consisted of:
Reviewing a^d evaluating records and documents from EPA Region X,
DEC and C5SI
Conductin3 an onsite facility inspection conducted December 3
through December 12, 1S65
Evaluating an offsite contractor laboratory
Determine water level elevations and total depths in selected
we 1 Is
Sampling and subsequent analysis of ground water from selected
tori nc we115
RECORDS/DOCUMENTS REVIE* AND EVALUATION
Records and documents from EPA Region X and the Oregon DEQ office;
compiled by an EPA contractor, were reviewed prior to the onsite inspect''•.
Additional DEC records were obtained by Task Force personnel following t"
onsite facility inscectior. Qnsite facility records were reviewed to v&
informaticn currertl., ~n Government files and supplement Government info:'
tion where necessar\. Selected documents requiring in-deptr, evaluatic"
we-e cc^'ec c_v f>e Tasr, Force during the inspection Records were re>. ie.-
tc evaluate facility operations, identify locations and construction dete-
ct waste management units and monitoring wells, and evaluate ground-wait'
monitoring act'v~ties.
Speci*"':c dcc'j'-ie-t; a~a ^ecords reviewed and evaluated included tr>'
grounc-watc' sa";'"-" a~c analysis plan, outline of the ground-water qua/
assessment Z'':~~~3~, analjtica" results from past ground-water sampling
monit. "'-c A?"", construction data anc logs, site geologic reports, sit
operat'o's :"a--;. *a:"";t_. permits, waste management unit design and ope-
tion reDc*'t-, ar : coe'-af": reccras snowing the general types and quant':
at tr- f=c-"it, and their locations.
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"Y INSDECTION
The facility inspection, conducted in December 1985, included
i aer.ti f icati on of waste manage-Tert units (past and present); identificaticr
and assessment of waste management operations and pollution control prac-
tices; and verification of the locations, procedures and operation of the
ground-water monitoring system.
Company representatives were interviewed to identify records and
ments o* interest, discuss the content of the documents and explain (1)
facility operations (past and present); (2) site hydrogeology; (3) grounc-
water monitoring system raf'ona"le; and (4) the ground-water sampling anc
analysis plan.
LABCRATORv EVALUATION
Tne offsite contractc1- lac-oratories handling most of the ground-wa*cv
samcles we^e eva'uated regard-'ng tne'r ^espective responsibilities un. -
tne CSSI ground-wate•" samc^'nc arc ana1ys'1's plan. Analytical equipmen* ;";
methods, aua1"'*;, ass^^ance pTcec^res anc: documentation were examinee *
aceauacj. Lancratcry ^ecc^cs «s^e inspectea for completeness, accurac. arc
compliance A^'t" State a^c' ceaer?/ requireme-ts. The ability of the lar:1"?-
t;-"es tc c^ccuce c^s""t> cats *'^r tne required analyses was evaluated
iv'EiL DEDTH MEASUREMENT
wate- "'e,e' me;;,.--events were made by tne CSSI sampling contract"" "in,
2c c' t^e 5? ~ v • -r r "£i«~:~< wells (one well was reportedly in "cis-
repa'r''^ ;:" t"- *Jist '-'• dcj, cx tne inspection before any wells we^e
purged *"~ ;-- ":•:; Trt nessu^erier.ts were made at the request c* "as-
Force QI-- •' ro' e,' = l uaf'nc tne orccedures. Duplicate measurements were
mace at se.e-i" we""s tc -~'.^'\. tne reproducibi 1 ity of the results. Acd"'-
tio^al water le--£ 'essj'"e~e"t£ were made on the wells sampled before purg-
inc ana. cr a fe^ ce*c"r sa^r^'^q.
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14
The ground-water sampling and analysis plan for the facility states
Vat total well de^t^ measurements are to be made on monitoring wells every
two years. During tne inspection, well-depth measurements were made by the
CSS1 contractor on 11 wells, at tne request of Task Force personnel, "or
verifying construction records.
GROUND-w'ATER SAMPLING AND ANALVSIS
During the inspection, Task Force personnel collected samples fo^
analysis from 15 ground-water monitoring wells [Table 1 and Figure 3] to
determine if the ground water contains hazardous waste constituents or other
indicators of contamination. The sampling results were used in evaluating
previous Company data. We" Is selected for sampling were principally in
areas more likely to be affected by waste management activities. These
included we'~s mcn^'to^inc shallow water-bearing zones adjacent to waste
management ur;ts wel's monitoring deepe^ zones were also selected.
i- .'i'e crga-''C sairoles and splits of all others we--:-
decr'i-iec. D_, C55I perscrne'. ncwever, their contractor collected samples
t*c c* tre £3~» •*?'":- 'as- rc^ce samcles were drawn from the wells :_
CSSI contractor pe^scme" *itr bailers or submersible bladder-type purr
-S'nr, t^t'r stanca^c a-ccec^^es, wr^ch a>"e descrioed below. Adc-t^c-r.
csetb'ls ar.c 51 eva'uavor c* Company sampling proceaures are presentee
f;e section or G^our-c-A'ate^ Monitoring Program for Interim Status. Samp
we ~ie co"1 " tc'e^.1 ::-,- tr,e ^o', owing procedure.
Cc~:'ar', cc"t^3ctc" aetermined depth to water us^'na a Slope Inc
ated height of water column from c
^^t and we"i deDth (from construction rec
s:cr- Indicator :5 a rszistered trademark and will be shewn hereafter
without the ;.
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v c ' cudy )
12/04 1145- 6 5 2.3 Dedicated ''-0 sa^'er.
134r «e i 1 pai >ed 'dry '
12/04 3930- 4 g 15 Oeo'cated :a''»'-.
1215 3-own sed^e-t '"
ourqea water
12,05 3520- 35 11.5 Ncneee-.cates «e:'
1515 wi;ara Sumo «'tn
:*f]r 3ls^a"qe
«a:e- :'ea-
12 '05 360G- 30 92 Sonaea; catea te^
1325 *i zara :umo.
•ater -m f ai ly
:aric gray and
12 25 1:33"- 35 i \ Dedicated e acfc
1535" same's =ie p-.nc,
35 53' lo^s , water
" t- a' ' v t'-rs' 2
-spo -;es^&^
.2 05 1232"*- .45 32 Ded'catea «e ' «':-
.520 3-3 su-np, '• -st
;; 'or c^ite t--3'd
«ir ' ':-. a*te-
34 5 ;a or?
32 29 4;;- '-, 2~ »e «•;»-: ;--;r
2235
32 39 •;;,- ;; 5 .23 Ded'catec «e *'z-
"3; a-c Buinc
.2 .3 13 • 23 5 12 " 3?c':atec «e ' «•:•
.4,.; 3': :.m: «e
;.-aea :-, '
< ANC WELL LDCAT;
Oate -•,*
12, 35 3SC5-
3335
12/05 0910-
1340
12/05 0800
1000
12/05 1140-
1225
12/06 0855-
3930
12/06 1105-
1145
32 :6 3915-
1325
32 3£ 1125-
1215
12 ID 19 C ~
092
12, 10 CSC -
083
12, 11 031 -
3855
ON CESW ION
Sampl ' ~5
"etlod/Remarrs '.acafo-
Oedicatea we''1 «'2ara Scut.i s'3e o' =-
D ladder pump
Dedicated ?VC oaTer Southeast cpr-n-
= - .2
NondedTcated te"on west siae of .-•
Sailer; no samc.es
collected 'or su'-'ate.
cnlondi, nitrate ana
ammonia
Dedicated °VC baiter, Soutn side of .- :
water clear
Nondedicated Well wizard 300 '*. sout" a' ?:
puao, 03SI cal'ectec west co'ie- :( •
duplicate sampic
Nondedicated We> wizar^ .,^^3 '"- so^t" 3f
pump, CS5I ca1 ' ecteC
duplicate samO'e
Dedicated «ei' w:ar: :-T; ;20 't east of si'.
east car-e' ;1 r-
Oeaicatea "e'1 «• :ar3 So^fwest :z*~e* ''
pumo, no samo «s
collected 'cr s^ •
fate, cnlor-ae.
•"trat* ana j™>o-'a
*eil wizard pumc Sou*.- ?'ce " 3-3
Ceaicatea *e'' *nara :^T 200 't west -' -•
Ded'catea we'1 *':3ra Saut-west ::--e- :'
;-irc, ;-mo ;-;«e- a*:e- s:.t-e-- e>:e--. .
*"S L. S 3'™C 656- - "
:s 1455-
.e^cated e'ecfc
5w-^ers • 2 e P^PIO
water ''rst srowr-
•s^- t"e" c ear
Dec'catea e•ectr'c
•dte- : »3' we
: -. a". e - - 3
;a c^s
3eoicat3C e'ecfc
c^mp '^stai es
NtIO sample ca ectea
Dedicated wei' «•:ara
104C- Dedicated well «':a-c p^n
3840- Dsa-:atec «e'' «-:a-a
0945 jump, same e ':r s£;2
also collected
-------
_l <
o
-------
Company contractor calculated volume of water in casing by
multiplying the height of wate^ column (in feet) by a conversion
factor (gallons per foot of casing)
Company contractor purged well of volume indicated in Table 1.
Where dedicated bailer was used for purging, the bailer was rinse:*
three times with deionized water before use.
After recharge (day after purging), EPA sampling contractor moni-
tored open wellhead for chemical vapors (Photovac Tips) and
radi ation
EPA contractor collected sample aliquots for field measurement;
(water temperature, pH, specific conductance and turbidity) the"
filled sample containers in the order shown in Table 2. Samp^
containers were filled directly from the bailer or pump dischar^-
line. Where a pump was used, two or three gallons were discharcec
before samples we^e collected.
Saircies we"--, -'ace:; ~~ an insulated container (ice chest).
Afte<- sar.i'ing was completed at each well, EPA contractor personr-"
tc;:v tr-£-'r saTc^ei tc a staging area where turDidity measurements were *,i -.
and one of two sample anquots for metals analysis was filtered. Samp IK-
'V' metaU, TOC, pheocli, cyanide, nitrate and ammonia samples were pvr
served [^ac'e 2].
At the e".c o* e;:r cay, sar^es were packaged and shipped, under c"' "-
of-custcc_, , t: tr't E^A contract laboratories according to applicable De^.1'"
ment c~ "•:•:; :-tat :~ (2~~) regulations (40 CFR Parts 171-177). Mcn^t;
we1! sa~r e: ^e-'e cc"side^ea !'envi ronme^tal11 for shipping purposes.
Phrtrvar Tiz is a registered trademark and will be shown hereafter
-------
Samples were analyzed by the EPA contractor laboratories for the param-
eter groups shown in Table 2. At wells 3L-1 and 4B-1, sample aliquots for
sulfate, chloride, nitrate and ammonia were not collected because of insuf-
ficient water. NEIC received and analyzed a split sample from well 4J-2
and a duplicate sample from we11 3P-I. CS5I collected duplicate samples a;
wells 2X-4 and ?Y-4.
-------
Table 2
ORDER GF SAMPLE COLLECTION
BOTTLE TYPE AND PRESERVATIVE LIST
Parameter
Bottle
Preservati ve*
(Concentration)
1. Volatile organic analysis (VOA)
Purge and trap
Direct inject
2. Purgeable organic carbon (POC)
3. Purgeable organic halogens (PCX)
4. Extractable organics
5. Pesticide/herbicide
£. Dioxin
7. Total meta^ b
8. Dissolved metals
ctal organic carbc
1C. Total organic halogens )
11. Phenols
12. :>an;ce
13, Nitrate/amrnciia
1". Si/! late; CK * G>- c-
15 Radi onuc "• i dec (NEIT o<"".%<
2 60-m£ VOA vials
2 60-m£ VOA vials
2 60-m£ VOA vials
2 60-m£ VOA vials
4 1-qt. amber glass
2 1-qt. amber glass
2 1-qt. amber glass
1 1-qt. plastic
1 1-qt. plastic
1 4-oz. glass
1 1-qt. amber glass
1 1-qt. amber glass
I 1-qt. plastic
1 1-qt. plastic
1 1-qt. plastic
1 1-gal. cubic
contai ner
HN
HN0
H2S04
H2S04 (95-98%j
-rTe was 5 ml excert for TOC, where about 1 n
-------
FACILITY OPERATIONS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS
FACILITY OPERATIONS
Imprope" facility operat'on car result in the release of hazardous
waste constituents to ground water. Task Force personnel reviewed records
cf facility operations for indications of problems that might lead to waste
releases and infcreation tc aid in interpreting ground-water monitoring
data.
Tc either conduct an interim status assessment monitoring program cr
complete a RCRA Part B permit application, TSDF personnel need to know the
identity and location of waste constituents in the regulated units. This
information must be maintained in the operational record for the facility
[2£5.73(b)]. Consequently, operational records, including those for r"-e-
acceptance a~c .vaste tracKind, were reviewed to evaluate how well wastt
constituents have been identified in incoming waste and whether the disposa"
s r o p e ^" . receded1.
waste icer'tif-;c3Vc- ' s required [265.13(a)] for pre-acceptance OT"
waste and ; e°i fic3t- c- cr~ characteristics of incoming loads. Sa'~:~'~c
methods, ana'ytica1 techniques and waste identification procedures are
soecified in tr,-, faci'-tv Waste Analysis Plan (WAP),
P^icr t~ es-~\ lr£~, waste ore-acceptance information was limited,
cons! sti ".d ce"'f = ""\. "* ^-^or^atic^ contained on the shipping manifest and
;r-" a:: ^. ~-' P^e-acceDtance information from 1384 to present
.ance information was used to de:;de
whether c-- net B z~'~~~c^~~- tyoe of waste could be accepted at CSSI pr-ov-
tc its shipne-t. Fc^ eac" -e>. cropcsed waste stream, the waste gererator
is required to provide CSSI witn (I) chemical and physical data, (2) a
representative samo"e sn,d ^3) supporting documentation.
-------
CSSI compares the chemical and physical data provided by the generate*
with the results of in-nouse analyses conducted on the representative sam;1.
A determination cf acceptability of waste for storage, treatment or dispose
at CSSI is mace basec on CSSI permit conditions and the availability cf
proper waste management techniques. CSSI must also receive DEQ approval
for each waste stream before that waste can be managed at the Arlington
facility.
Waste Tracking Records
Each hazardous waste load received at CSSI is given a unique load nur:-;
and each drum of waste is reportedly marked with that number. The loac
number is used, with various documents, to track the waste during interns"
movements on the site. A "Load Inspection Form" (LIF), keyed to this waste
"load number, is initiated when a waste load is received onsite. It is use:
to log tne waste onto tne CSSI site and track it to storage, treatment :-
disposal. The designated storage, treatment or disposal process, as
approved by DEC; and recorded in tne waste pre-acceptance package, is s:~ -
ified on tne Llp. The LIF and shipping manifest are completed to show actj;
storage, treatment ana c-" disbcss" locat'ic"1 (storage area, pond numbev
trench nur.be^ anc three-dimensional burial coordinates, as appropriate
Cati *^oiT t^e waste snipping manifest and the LIF are put into the CSSI
cc~:;jt9' database. "T.v's database is used to prepare the mcpttvy * a £"..;-
^eceipt anc hanonnc reoorts required for submittal to DEQ.
The _Ir, noweve1-, only tracks waste to initial disposition. Therefore,
waste put into ons^te storage prior to disposal is usually not tv'3CN6'j
be,, one: i';va" sti^ce c~ tne .IF. SJCH waste is tracked tc actua1 feat-
ment c>" d:s::;i" using . ar-'ous ctner CSSI records, including storage legs
and v a r •'; „ , -. z~.jr^ " c c :-
A re. •;.- .•" CSSI t^r^ng records showed that wnile bulk waste gcing
directly tc t^eat.T'G't ov~ c^szcsa", are adequately tracked, drummed waste put
into ter-bb'"". ?tcrace cannct alwavs be tracked to final di sbos~; tn'cn, as
-------
required by State regulations [265.73(b)J. Of the 20 waste loads tracked
from receipt to disposal, two loads of drummed liquids could not be tracked
T>om storage to fina"1 disposition.
Consequently, because of the limited pre-acceptance information anc
some inadequacies in waste tracking, monitoring of ground water potentially
affected by each unit cannot be limited to constituents shown in the ope-^at
ing record as being handled in that unit. Rather, a much more thorough
analysis of the ground water will be necessary than would otherwise be
required if the constituents were known.
WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS
Waste handling units and operations at CSSI were identified to detev~-
mine possible sources and pathways for waste constituents to enter the
ground waten The CSSI facility handles both hazardous waste, as define:
in 40 CFR 261 and regulated under RCRA and DEQ regulations, and polychlo--
inated bipheny1 (?CB, waste, as ^egulated by 40 CFR Part 761 regulation
promulgated under TSCA and DEC.
CSSI current!,/ ^ses the following management units for the treatrren
s tor ace an: c^ dispcsa" OT~ hazardous waste.
Tank and container storage areas
S^^ace impoundments - storage and treatment
Landfills - dispose1
vari:,; ^poun^e :; !and~i!ls and a land treatment area used in t"
past, are cur^ent\,' inactive. However, because all units were active n •
some D6""';, ;* t::.t a*"tc'" Nove^te-" 198C, those used for hazardous waste
subject :,: ?C:~ inte^":r status requireipents. PCB waste handling operate .;
include stc^ace arc "sn:."""1 c'sposal.
Figure 4 sn?v.T t^e "ccat'c- c" current and past treatment, storage £"
*=c""ities Wastes KPCWO to have been placed in each of these
-------
^
! ' 3
rx
i J
2
99
Jj
u
3
W
a
a 12
;U
3
£3
3 3
L_31
u
if,
,
O v
V
e (A
1
i I
t—'
D
-------
units are presented in Appendix B. Because of the limited pre-acceptance
information before 1964, wastes otner than those listed in the appendix ma,,
have been handled at the facility. A discussion of waste management units
related to interirr states ground-water monitoring at the CSSI site follows.
Storage
CSSI has used seven container storage areas at the facility; six are
designated for the storage of containerized RCRA hazardous waste prior to
treatment or disposal, one is for PCB storage. The general functions of
these areas and reported capacities are:
Area Function
Capacity
(55-gallon drums)
S-i TgniDc^ary storage of nonreactive waste 340
S-2 PCB storage
S-3 Overflow for genera; waste (used if 190
S-l ana S-4 are full )
S-4 Geneva"1 RCRA waste 2400
(S-4A ana B)
S~5 Reactive waste 1400
S-S Overdo fc1" general waste (usea if 660
S- 1 ar.d S-4 are f ul 1 )
S-7 Oversow for general waste (used if 1900
S- 1 a~c S-4 a^e f ijl 1 ) ,
act i -, e
no longer
With the exception c* S-2, which is used for PCB storage, all storage
areas consist of cei"'gnated' open areas with a base and berms made of gra;
native so^'l T'-e-p a^E no synthetic or comoacted soil liners. Containe1"
are stc'-ec c- t"-. :-Curc •' r- rows two containers wide, separated by aisles
Contains-: ?~- -e'.o-tec'. net stacked. Incompatible waste is segregate"
within se:a-atL sec:"':-; c' each storage area by temporary soil berms, a.
The ex I stir; DC"-, lic^ia storage tanks for RCRA wastes include fo.('
6,450-gallon polyclefin units, which have reportedly been inactive for a:
least a year. CSSI p'ans on using bulk storage in future operations.
-------
25
S-l
Storage area S-l is used to store incoming containers of hazardous
waste which cannot be immediately treated, disposed of or stored for spec1'-
fic treatment or disposal because of manifest discrepancies or questions
regarding waste characteristics/quantity or proper processing/disposal. As
manifest discrepancies are reconciled and/or outstanding questions addressee
the waste containers are moved to other onsite areas for storage, treatment
or disposal. CSSI reported that most any type of waste (i.e., ignitable,
corrosive, etc.), except reactive waste and PCB material, can be stored ir-
S-l.
S-2
The S-2 storage area, used for PCB material, actually consists of E
areas within a fenced, 1-acre lot surrounded by berms. Areas S-2A, S-26
and S-2D are within buildings with epoxy-coated concrete floors and berms
Areas S-2C and S-2E are designatec outside areas without permanent floo"?
or berms (drip pans a^e reportedly used under PCB materials stored outset'
The S-2 storage areas nave been used for storage of liquid and solid PC.;
materiai awa-'ting processing, disposal or off site shipment.
Areas S-3 and 5-6 are designated storage areas used to store contairr
of waste when S-l anc $-4 are full. Containers in these areas are store'.
directly or tre grounc. Be^ms are reportedly constructed, as necessary, :.
certain ary sr^'s o1" tc segregate incompatible waste during use, as nece;-
sary. waste is stcrec at tnese areas until the material can be treated c
dispose: :*' A-e£. S-~ was also used for this purpose; however, CSSI rep:"
that ii is r: 'onger usec for hazardous waste storage.
S-4 (S-4A anc E)
Container storage area S-4 was used for liquids or sludges awaiting
staoi1ization (solidification with either flyash or native soil) and event.
-------
landfill ing. The a^ea is currently used for storage of general RCRA
wastes.
S-E (S-S)
Area S-5 is used to store water reactive metals prior to hydrolysis in
nearby surface impoundments. Containers are stored directly on the grounc,
When the material is to be processed, the containers are removed from S-;
by forklift or front-enc loaaer and taken to one of two nearby surface
impoundments for treatment. Area S-5 was redesignated S-8 in Septembe-
1985.
Surface Impoundments
CSSI currently has six surface impoundments for solar evaporation
("'iquid waste volume reduction), pH adjustment and reactive metals hyd^c\.--
s^'s. Ten othe^ ponds are no "longer being used at CSSI and are in various
stages of cleanup or closure. All impoundments were constructed with syr-
thetic liners [Table 3]. CSSI also has an area designated as a "collect":
area1 fz*~ cc"1 lecf'o" c* surface runoff.
CSSI reoortec-,, limits the chlorinated organics content of waste put
:r'tc current •>• active SLr-~a.ce impoundments to less than 50 PD.T, to prcte;;
the integrity of tne synthetic liners. Surface impoundment diagrams sna-
the presence of lysimeters cr lysimeters/tensiometers for leachate detec-
tion monitoring beneath the units. According to CSSI, an outside contractor
was eva'ucf'rc trese n-.?-1, to-" nc aevices for use and effectiveness du^inc
the Task Fo^ce inscect4cr. Al' active impoundments had freeboard markers
*'c*~ waste !&•. e" aete"""'r:-* :••".,
The *":"•>cv,'.-,c ~s a :r-e* descriptien. including current status, OT~ s'"
surface i"2cj^c"&-:s at f~e facility CSSI does not consider any of these
units to De :RCF: c'csec ',e . clcsec pursuant to 265, Subpart G).
-------
u a, o i
> o >
> c :>
c. u- :i_
i- 'i — E — i —
i- x ^ a,
— Q. ^ — 0. -
— w a — — a
O — > C —J >
^ it c k/i a. o
E
O :
_
OTJ >^rftj >«T
f)C Q.CDC O-OO
LJ > --
> - O
r> <_, i/-
C.
CC
CC
\
O
CD
\
00
CC
O
CV
CO
-------
28
X—
V
a. =
CC
0-
"
-------
P-l Through P-4, P-7
Surface impoundments P-l through P-4 and P-7 are no longer used at
CSSI. All liquids and sludges have been removed and disposed of onsets.
Ail liner material has been removed and disposed of in a landfill. Adcr-
tonally, contaminated soil beneath the impoundments, as indicated by chem-
ical analysis, was removed. An average of 10 feet was reportedly removec
from beneath each unit. About 50 vertical feet of soil below P-7 was report-
edly removed. At the time of the Task Force investigation, a CSSI consultant,
Dames and Moore, was reportedly in the process of sampling and analyzing
the remaining soil from beneath these areas for contamination as part c:
the closure procedures.
P-5, P-6, P-ll
These surface impoundments are no longer used for waste treatment 3-.c
all liquid and sludge from past operations has reportedly been remove:
CSSI "indicated that these units will either De RCRA closed or rebui"1: •' •
future waste hand"! inc.
s-ur^ace imao'jnaments a^e currently used for pH adjustment
aqueous waste, while the ponds are used interchangeably to hold acic.
caustic, one pone is normally acidic while the other is caustic. Aci
caustics are Dumped/drained directly into the ponds from tank trucks o;
at the concrete discharge pad cv~ drums unloaded onto tne pac ana ara"
Acj^st-r-t cf p^ is cDta-'ped either by adding caustic waste dirt
to the -QQCIncment currently containing acids (or acids to the caustic
or t_, pumr"~: "'"-j'.jia between the two ponds. When a pH of about 7 is c:
in one of tne imcc^-dments, the liquid is pumped to P-16 for sc^?'
evaoorati on.
-------
P-9
P-9 is used for evaporation of general aqueous waste. It was rep
inactive du^r.,; t"-: Tajk Fo^ce inspection due to a large accumulatio-
solids.
P-10
Surface impoundment P-10 is inactive. It was used to store oily wab
for application to the currently closed biofarm (land treatment). Mos:
liquids have been removed and CSSI was in the process of removing resia^
waste material from the pond during the Task Force inspection.
P-13 and P-14
These subdue impoundments are used for the hydrolysis of react',-.
metals anc ooth are operated in the same manner. Water is placed in
ponds anc ^eacti ,-e metals, from either the S-5 storage area or direct 1_. -
trucks, ar-e dumped cr pushea into the impoundment with a front-end lca~-*
cr backrcc ~~e meia's are allowed to react urt"1"1 no further sigis c"
"eacf'c" (L^z~~~'~tc z-~ yapr° e^'ssions) are visib'e. The remaining lie.
is eithe^ a"1 "ewer to evaporate o^ pumped to another pond and the sludr-
3c""C"'*', ei ;" r'ace IWIIP. fl_,c£i or nati.e sci1,) a-d taken tc the larc'"
for dispcsa"1. Wnen sludge removal is completed, the impoundment liner •
ae and repaired, if necessary, prior to re.'
Sur-'aci :r::^: ;-~ "i ^-15 ^s used for solar evaporation of gener
aauecus «; ' '--: s.-*=:^ impoundment receives both bu'k and ccntai
izee 1-c. : v^aste. ^-q-'cs a-^e allowed to evaporate from P-15 until
imccuncr f; * '": «-'- s:"'"rr, at w~''c~ time the solics are removed.
-------
P-16
P-16 is current!^ used for solar evaporation of neutralized aqueous
waste from P-3 ana ^-12. CSSI dans to use this impoundment as a genera'
aqueous waste evacoration pond, similar to P-15, in the future. P-16 has
two synthetic liners which are separated by a 1-foot sand blanket usea as
leachate collection system. The vadose zone under the second liner is mc^'-
tored with tensiomete^s/lysimete^s.
Landfi1TS
There are nine designated landfills at CSSI; five of these are inactive
(four are ful" and one is new and awaiting approval for use). The *~c^
active landfills are used for RCRA and/or non-RCRA (PCBs and industria"
material, such as aluminum pot liner*) waste disposal. The landfills, except
fc>- L-7,*x L-9 and L-12, are oas'cally unlined trenches dug into ns*;,e
soil 25 to 40 feet deep. Landfill L-8 is clay lined and has a leacr,ate
collection system, i_-S a"! so r;i a clay n-.er. Landfill L-12 is r'-t.. put
was not completed befcre the inspection, waste is currently placec "~ tne
trenches, ir ho^::-ta" ~:~ts, a^c^t 4 feet deep and coverec wit" '^ tc "s_
*eet cf native soi\ f?-—-~,z -ne base of the next lift, when cap£"t. c~
t^-r trenc" ^s reac^ec, ^t '''s t(?rrorsrilv covered with clav soil, -^andfil1
cf 5 •' cnat"; ••; aic cesc^'ct ionr 3'^e snown i" Table 4 and aesc^iDe: :^ ;^-
These "a"d*'""r r, = \? bee" tilled tc ca^acitv, and temper a**'
we^e coe^ate" a~z *~"1'ec De*ore Cherical Waste Manaaement
(v'astr c^iliners fro.T aiiLTinua smelting plants, which are classifies" as
^T^^cr. rtrC7*^Aa^.ions
'1 ar.c T" designations for their landfall areas.
esigr.atic.-. :s used in this report to be consistent ivith the
desigr.atirr. ir. tr.e F.CP.A Part S perxit application.
-------
o >
!- • —
cx w
9- ~ S 3 = i
.
QJ >»*-* c; u c
4- ra C O — TJ O
— >sr— _ ^ —
c
at
-------
"30
the site in 1982. !_-! and L-3 we^e used extensively for bulk organic and
-'-organic liquids and sludges from wood processing and metal plating indus-
tries. 1-5 and L-6 were used for disposal of both organic and inorganic
Hazardous waste as well as PCB material. Large quantities of drummeo liquias
we^e reportedly disposed of in L-5. L-5 has one length of 4-inch per^or-
ated PVC pipe laid Pelow the waste for leachate collection, which was
required by the approval lette^ from EPA Region X for PCB disposal.
L-" and L-10
These two landfills are used for RCRA hazardous waste disposal.* Lane-
fill L-7 is basically used for disposal of bulk solid waste. L-10 is used
for both bulk ana containerized solid waste. Both trenches have lysimete*"
for leachate detection below the landfill.
Bulk sclics are dumped erectly into tne active area of the lane*""',
containerized solids are urPoaded, Dy forklift or front-end loader, ar-
placed in the disposal a^ea. CSSI equipment spreads the waste to a ceri"
of about 4 feet and covers it w'tn about I to lh feet of native soil. "" •-.
three-aime^sicnal burial coordinates, from the permanent markers at :v-
edges of fe trencr., are recorded en the load inspection forms. L-1C r\i
three seoarate disposal areas to separate incompatioles. Prior to mie-1:"::.,
L.-1- hac tK-'ee sc" -' ej f i cat i on pits whe^e liqu^a ^aste was p'acee arc
w'th soil or flyash prior to replacement in another area of the l
L-S
Reccrtecfv. ^anc*'"' L-£ is currently used for disposal of non
inaustr: a"1 waste -- :r,acti;e ccrtion was previously used ^or dispc
RCRA haz?"c:,:~ ^3:tt N; PCBs have ^eocrtedly been disposed of in
area.
will be usec for tiz'Cu.rs PCE
-------
34
L-9
Landfill L-9 is currently used for disposal of PCBs and PCB items. An
adjacent 73 acre-feet portion of L-9, used to dispose of RCRA hazaroous
waste, has bee- filled and is covered. The bottom of the PCB portion of
L-9 is lined with 1 foot of native soil, which was placed over 1 foot of
granula^ charcoal. An inactive portion of the landfill was previously used
for hazardous waste disposal.
L-13
Landfill L-13 is a new area just recently constructed. As of the date
of the Task Force evaluation, CSSI has not yet received approval to cnscose
of waste in this unit.
Biofarm
CSSI operated a relatively small, approximately 1.5-acre, lana t^er.-
ment unit from early 1960 to acout March 1984. Waste received in SurT"a::
Impouname"ts P-7 and "-1C [Tas'e 3] was reoortedly spread over this av~-.-
ano aisce: 6 tc 8 itcnes ^nio tne soil. CSSI was in the process of c~C:''~:
th',f a*-65. Gu^inc the "a;k Force- i"vestigafon. Sci1 from the area nas s"-;
oeer excavated tc a deptn of about 5 feet. Soil analysis following vc
excavation WC^K suggests that some waste constituents applied to this a*^,:
i',a:, st^l" be preseru bfelov, the present depth of excavation.
A cove^e: t"uc\ was", aop^cximately 30x80x12 feet, with a bermed c:;
crete fl: • , ~s 'ccate: at tne exit from the disposal/treatment area.
facility ' s use: tc wasK' t^e outside surface and undercarriage of vehic'e
ana equipT.e^t lea', inc t^e act'.e portion of the site, which are likelj *
ca^ry mud cut c* t"e *ac;""'t.. Rinse water from the wash area drains to .
t^.o-comDai"t~e"t sj~- *:^ c.: 11 ds ' 1 ^au^a separation. The liquids are pe^ior
ca"1!;, trans^e^ec t: •; surface imooundment (such as P-15) for so'ar
evapo^aticr
-------
In summary, several of the waste management units at the CSSI facility
apoear to have a higner potential for waste release than cv ;. , .
include the surface impoundments and several landfills. During closure of
several impoundments, which haa synthetic liners, underlying soils showed
evidence of waste release. CSSI personnel reported that subsequent excava-
tion of contaminated soil to depths as much as 50 feet was required. Lysim-
eters are being evaluated for possible use in detecting leakage from the
active impoundments. Of the remaining units, landfills L-l, L-3, L-5 and
L-6 appear to have a high potential for waste release because of the large
quantities of liquids disposed of in them and the probable marginal quality
of the liner that was made of compacted native soil. Because of past prob-
lems with poor quality soil liners, stringent standards have been estao-
lished in the RCRA permit requirements [264.301(a)].
-------
SITE HYDRGGECLCGr
Three majov investigations have been conducted by CSSI consultants to
aefine tne h>arccec logic setting of the Arlington facility. The initial
investigative report was prepared by Shannon and Wilson in 1970, the seco'i:
by Hart-Crowser in 1983, and the third by Dames and Moore in 1985; however-.
because of the corplex hydrogeology , Dames and Moore was conducting invest' -
gallons to further characterize the site at the time of the Task Force
inspection. The following information is provided to explain the complex-
Hies of the hydrogeology and the extent of work done to date.
The Arlington facility is situated within the Columbia Plateau physic-
graphic province. Regionally, the area is characterized by gently rolling
sandy, semi-arid upland areas separated by relatively wide, steep-sidec
canyons such as Alkali Canyon which borders the south side of the CSSI fac~
it_,. The av^ea is a^sc characterized by gentle folding and minor faulti".,
The dominant rock type in the province is tne Columbia River Basa1! Grcu:
wnich is a th'ck, massive aggregation o* basaltic lava flows (flood bas~ *
interbea'ded wi:" *ater-ercced sediments from these flows [Figure 5]. Tre
in turn a-~e ;,.ev"",c;^ D_. c1 2:"' c fl ^. "a! , alluvial and eolian (wine b~o*~
,T p
cr screes o* water for tne area surrounaing tht
aquifers, which primarily include the interflow zones between basa"
• :,. The r-; nc^p^-1 acLifers used locally are the Frenchman Springs 5a:
irrig = t"C" arr tr.o Glance Ron.de Basalt for the water supply for t,K
I'vc-'ta-t rycrogeclcgic units underlying the site, in rec;
to req-"v-: r-;, -r-v,a:e- ^c^^ic ri-g, art the basal portion o*~ the Selau
the Pr^'e" ;-a:4cs Easa't because of tr.eir potential to transport releas
-------
Figure 5
•_ rw~q'*~""'"i-»-~<-> i ! ITT
^Tv .J P"TU,—~ ^- -• !',"'.
; ' ; ri! g>^-QRAN06 ftONPE
Generalized Regional Stratigraphic Diagram
Arlington-The Dalles Area, Oregor
(from Dames and Moore, 1985)
-------
Data from four test trenches, 57 downhole geophysical logs and over
ICG borings have bee- used to characterize the hydrogeology at the CSSI
facility. Undisturbec samples were obtained at 10-foot intervals from about
r,al: of the test bo—ings using a Dames and Moore U-type sampler wit" tre
last 20 feet continuously sampled. Rock core from the lower portion cf the
Selah was obtained at nine locations. Samples from the other half of the
test borings were disturbed samples taken at 5-foot intervals.
Three pumping tests and at least 29 laboratory and 34 field permeability
tests were conducted on the Selah aquifer. One pumping test and numerous
packer tests were conducted for 29 wells completed in the upper Priest Rapids
Basalt flow and interflow zone.
HVDROGEOLQGIC UNITS
Hydrogeologic ur~ts beneatr the site area from oldest (deep-?;' ::
youngest (shallowest) in^ude the Grande Ronde Basalt Formation, the ^ench-
man Springs and pv^:e-:t Rapids Basalts of the Wanapum Formation, the Selah
Me'-.De" arc vit^ic. "„*'* 3e: c* tne Ellensburg Formation, the Pomona Easalt
c* the Sacc'e Vour.t-"-•; Ea? = "t "crmation, the Rattlesnake Riage Me~: cf
the Ellersbji"5 '-o^Tiit"'c' a~c . ~ ~'; c u." LP"'ts of the Dalles Format ion ^:"c^re 6_,.
T"c;i L""'t:- art cvev""i"'r :;, SLr*i:"'a'1 deposits of ^Icod gravels, ccl" "jr.
c ' jj;" ^~ ar_ "oesi.
The saturated zone at the base of the Selah (100 to 200 feet be--?tK
f-e existing g^oj^c su^^ace)1 is considered to be the uppermost aqui^e* ::y
CSSI consultants. T~.= Se'a"; ;s comprisea of 115 to 150 feet of weatr.r1-:
t.**"s and *"„,":"£.:. ;;.v' -•: t^'facecus sediments. Task Force personnel c
cur w't" tK-£ i-te-r ••e:af"on c" the uppermost aquife^, based on data c:.ta:nec
^t i'"- ti~- c*" t"t ' = = •; Fc-'ce inspection, wells had been installs: :*
62 locations th'';uc-jjt f~i s~te. At most of these locations, cluste^ we
had bee^ constructed ~r^ WP^S at a particular location are designate:
acccrd~'~c tc the "locat'on (first number and letter) and the hydrogeoloc;;
zone (levev) trev mc"-'to° (e.c., 4J-2).
-------
Figure 6 )
0
0
LU
CL
»
e
3
0
z
o
o
Q.
Ill
m
c
u
o
o
z
1
LU
O
«•
e
u
tc.
_•
If »l
_J 0 - "
a-
e
u
o
£
V
;
e
o
«
I
e
GEOLOGIC UNIT
(Common Nam*)
Loss*
Alluvium
Colluvlum
Flood Qraveis
Channel Unrt
LITHOLOGY
Slit and flrve aand of EWIan origin
Sand, gravel and silt water-laid
Slope wash-slit, sand end rock
Sand and gravel, aome silt,
some caliche
Poorly aorted sllty gravel
-...-• •. : • •
Tan to llgftt green, maaaive.
Upper Tuff Unit 1 v»ry ,o|t
... • i
Conglomerate Unit
STRATIGRAPHY
1
£
'
*
*
I
I
i.
e
o
|
o
^
e
Poorly to moderately Indurated i •
conglomerate ' Q
_ ^ .... Ellensbura
Rattlesnake Ridge Member Weathered tuff Formation
;
c
£
tt
Saddle
Dark gray, very hard, maaaive. Mountainsi
Pomona Basalt tin* grsined, occasionally vesicular B***1*
r orma 1 1 or* i
— i « ! '
: E '.
" N * j
"" 5
; Vltrlc Tuff Jnit Light buff to cream, very soft *
= ; 5 ,
1 e ' i u. o
a ' >• •
o , o t .
• 5 ' - "
2 ' c. . o ?
; Selah Member
! e '
' C
* i ....
Tuftaceous siltstone (some clay * or
and sand tnterbeda). light olive • -5 ~f
green, very soft to soft — \
1
! ' • ' E ~ :
' > to ;
e ,, oecasionslly vesicular, very hard ""
- (Lower Flo*) £
— 3
E : J
« i. 1 • i = t
n J
i i Frenchmar S&rmgi Dark gray, maaaive. fine grained, '
Baaait Member occasionally veelcular. very hard
i
i
; ' Grand* Rond* Bssait occasionally vesicutsr very hard Rend* Fm-
f
Kev; Generalized Stratigraphic Column
Unconformity ({rom Dames and Moore, 1985)
-------
Levels 1 and 2 re^er to the saturated zcne at the base of the Selan.
Trie _evel 1 wells span the top of the saturated zone (water taole), while
the Level 2 wells are completed at or near the base of the Selah. Level la
we"Is refer tc those completed intermediately between the water table ana
the base of tne saturated zone, wells completed within the upper Priest
Rapids Basalt flow and within the Priest Rapids interflow zone are designate;
as Level 3 and 4, respectively.
CSSI consultants report that geophysical evidence suggests the most
permeable and continuous layers of the Selah are located near its base.
The basal zone of the Selah is comprised of relatively continuous alternat-
ing layers of silty claystone (weathered tuffs), clayey and sandy siltstone.
silty sandstone and fine-grained sandstone. Data submitted by the Compaq,
as a supplement to the Part B permit application, suggests the existence :•-"
perched zones of saturation above the base of the Selah. DEQ and EPA a*--
currently evaluating these data ana the conclusions drawn ay tne CSSI
consultant.
CSSI consultants have concluded that there is very little hydrauV'
"' rterccr,necti on bet*ee~ tne basal portion of the Selah and the unaerly'r "
ijc.ce- pr-'e£i Rap^as Bs^s't flow anc interflow zone throughout most of t
s-'tt Th;s i-itercec is comprised of 2 to 12 feet of tuffaceous siltstc^
s":""^. cla_. 5"c c'aye.v, silt_, sandstone. However, the Geolog'c and ^\cn:.
logic Site Cnaracten ration Report, dated March 15, 1985, states "in t"t
Scutheastev'r pettier, of the site, in the vicinity of Wells H, V and Xv
continuous saturation appeals tc exist from the base of the Selah downv,r-
to tne tec c* tne inte-^Dea1'. Tne continuous saturation coula inaicat?
Ki_,d^a^:ic cc^rcct-'c- settee- tne Selah and the Priest Rapids in this =v-'~
Furtner hyaroce;" oc/c "investigations we»"e being conductea during the Tc: •
Forc& ins: >: ": .
Res^'t: c* tr.e cumc'nc test conducted at wel1 location V with obsev~.-~
t-'on we"'s instr/'ea v,-':--- t"e saturated zone at tne base of the Selah ,
-------
vvithin the upper Priest Rapids Basalt flow and within the Priest Rapids
interflow zone, indicated that "the interflow zone in this area is hydraui-
ically connected with the saturated zone at the base of the Selah".
TasK Force personnel interpret these data as indicating that the satur-
ated zone at the base of the Selah, the upper Priest Rapids Basalt flow and
the Priest Rapids interflow zone are hydraulically connected to some degree;
however, for detection monitoring purposes, monitoring wells completed in
the Selah (Levels 1 and 2) are necessary. These wells are needed to ensure
immediate detection of any statistically significant amounts of hazardous
waste constituents that might migrate from the waste management units.
GROUND-WATER FLOW DIRECTIONS AND RATES
Water table contour maps for Level 1 and potentiometric contour maps
for Level 2 [Aopencix C], prepared by CSS! consultants basec on June 18 and
19, 1985 and February 16 to IS, 19S6 water level data, were reviewed. The
water level measurements, made during the Task Force inspection, are consis-
tent with these used tc develop tne contour maps as well as other measure-
ments made b\ tne Compaq, [Taple 5], except for well 4K-2. This discrep-
ancy coiTc ret Pe explained *~z™ available information.
The water table contour maps for Level 1 suggest that tne horizcnts"
ground-water flow south of tne ground-water divide (in the northwestern
portion c* tne site) is tc the south and southeast toward Alkali Canycr
Tne potentiometric contour maps for Level 2 also suggest horizontal grourc~
water flow general ;, tc tne south ana southeast toward A1 Kali Canyon
The pe^meaei - ;t_. ; hydraulic conductivity) of the hydrogeologic unit:
at the .}•-••-ct_- s'te "as peen estimated by the CSS! consultants using *";.
different metrods. These are (1) laboratory testing of "undisturbed" sc~
samples ta>e- T'^CT t"e $e"ar~, (.2) in situ recovery tests within the Se";~
(3) packer tests w-'t-.-'n t>: Priest Rapids Basalt, and (4) pumping test;
-------
Table 5
We 1 1
V - ""
2QD-1
2Ua-l
2V- 1
2Wa-l
j L- i.
3M- 1
3P-1
30-1
3R-1
3S-1
3Ta-l
4B-1
4ri-I
4J-1
4K-1
4^-1
MW1-2
r ~ _
C - °
D - 2
G-2
U'I
».,
L~2
-- .:
i ~ i.
i ~ i_
tL""~ .-
? >" , „ "5
L -
L 1 " 2
2 .' - r
2 * ~ _
^ v _ ^
2 - - ..
2 ; ~ .
"7
-:.-."
4 . - _
4- - 2
4- - ^
• : ,. !- :. Mt£:- '-:
Water
Feb. 85 Jun.
73C.5 726.
759.
755.4 755.
766.1 766.
764.0
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
749.4 749.
803.3 8C:2.
811.2 £11.
^67 5 76^.
75E.2 755.
"3-2 734.
cS •- 787 .
7-0 ^ 760.
~ i '' "7 ~ G
~ '-'^, c 738.
72£ 9 726.
781 9 782,
75: -a 757
736 £ 738.
~-~: 7 764.
- •„ c c 763.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
;''rk- :
Level
85
3
6
4
7
4
]_
3
3
5
3
q
0
5
5
3
5
0
1
-L
1
1
r -, p c r
^ tr ^
i WELLS
Elevation
Dec.
730.
755.
743.
766.
765.
771.
773.
764.
747.
771.
753.
744.
765.
768.
761.
764.
766.
749.
801.
811.
766.
756.
734.
787.
762.
777.
788.
727.
782.
753.
741.
764.
7 K ~?
77L
753.
760.
745.
737.
761.
768.
761.
750.
746.
^5*
10
16
16
55
97
46
97
92
34
91
72
03
01
24
18
56
15
56
59
47
83
12
43
27
62
P?
25
70
46
26
45
06
82
33
91
40
63
78
35
30
26
56
23
Feb
730.
757.
746.
766.
768.
770.
774.
765.
747.
772.
753.
744.
765.
768.
761.
764.
766.
750.
8C3.
-
767.
756.
734.
' dw .
763'
778.
788.
726.
782.
753.
741.
764.
768.
772.
754.
760.
746.
737.
762.
768.
761.
765.
747.
. 86
54
95
90
69
19
92
30
56
61
70
99
16
58
87
70
57
57
27
29
59
Vi
QC
J 0
35
4 j_
9 j
19
94
04
41
44
4c
14
54
98
L1 <_
73
16
92
85
66
35
Water level measurements taken as part of Task Force
evaluate::.
-------
(three within the S^ah and one w't^r the Priest Raoics interflow zone).
r, summary o; tr - Kti .lieac-i 1 ities for tne various units is presented in
Table 6.
-------
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CD
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-------
GROUND-WATER MONITORING PROGRAM FOR INTERIM STATUS
Ground-water monitoring at the CSSI facility has been conducted entirely
under State interim status regulations, as Oregon was delegated Interim
Authorization in July 1961. As discussed below, Oregon ground-water moni-
toring requirements were initially not equivalent to those promulgated under
RCRA. The following addresses the regulatory requirements and monitoring
program between November 1981, when the ground-water monitoring provisions
of RCRA went into effect, and December 1985, when the Task Force investiga-
tion was conducted. This section addresses:
Regulatory requirements
Ground-water sampling and analysis plan
Monitoring we11s
Sample collection and handling procedures
Sample analysis and data quality
Grcuna-Water Quality Assessment Program outline
REGULATOR- REQUIRED"
Pr-;cr tc recen'i-g ••nte^i~. authorization, the State nad is3i.e_ C:_"~
(t"e-> Cnen-Nuc'6=" Systems, I~c.) a hazardous waste disposal license j-d^
prc.isions of the Oregon Reg^'atcry Standards, Chapter 459. Tr*e ~-.ce :•:-
specifiec environmental monitoring procedures, in addition to other items,
involving monitoring of lic^-'c from various onsite test wells (El tK.r-:Lcr'
B6; and the two ons-tc in accc-aance witn State directives. Before the s^xth
revision = cee: wate" ^ea^irc; zone (Priest Rapids) had been identj*;ei 2:
the saturated zc^e tc be monitored. Hydrogeologic studies conducted in
1932, fo° f'c RC"- Dart E ^e'"";t application for the facility, revea'ed
that a shallower saturate: zc^e at the site also needed to be monito^ec.
New mom'tor'nc we1 Is (A, £. C, 3, I, L, G and MW-1) were completed ^ r th~s
zone between Ma, 1953 a^d Jj'v 19S-.
-------
The sixth revision of the monitoring p^cc^s^ soecified monitoring of the
new wells while relieving CSSI of tne requirement to monitor the older (E
series) wel 1 s.
In 1984, Oregon revisea tne interim status regulations so that they
became substantially equivalent to the RCRA regulations. Effective Septem-
ber 1985, the State regulations incorporated 40 CFR Part 265 interim status
regulations by reference. The State allowed 1 year after September 19£5
for a facility to implement a ground-water monitoring program. Consequently
CSSI has until August 31, 1986 to implement a monitoring program. Regulatr*-;
citations, in the following discussions, reference tne Part 265 requirement:
incorporated into the State regulations.
GROUND-WATER SAMPLING AND ANALVSIS PLAN
The ground-water sampling and analysis plan being followed by CS;;
during the Task Force inspection was a sixth revision to a draft corporate
(CWM) olan dated 19S5 . The f-'^st revision to the coroorate plan was s'te
soeci*ic and was catec November 1, 1984.
Tne Nc.6T.ber 19E~ r/s" was Devised five mere times before Decem1:* -
19E.L- ', sixth ^ev;s;on was cat.ec December 2, 1955^ and was being revise" *z*~
tr.e seve"' time during tH>e Task Force inspection. Otner tnan the j:-'*t'
revision, dated July 5, 1985, the changes to the plan were relative!} minor.
The rficnitc" v>c clan fvS'uated in the following discussion is the one t-ct
•'ncludes t" e DecemDe- 2 y-evi's'ions .
Tr.e ^"?" cz~; ••'?-? tv,; major carts: (1) an edited version of t^e :c---
po^ate c^ounc-wate" mc^'; tori ng program guidance document and (2) a site-
soec:*'; :••:;•- = •- ct£cv~"ticr,. In accordance with State (RCRA) requirement;
[265. 92' s , "_ , tr.e c'an addresses sample collection, preservation and sn^Dment
ara\,t"ce' r-c-cec^res 3"; cha^ n-o*-custcdy control. It alsc describes rec.^-
^atc^y req^-jre-'e' ts an^ s'tt ^ydrogeology and contains a samp'ing schea
'
-------
CWM has a contract with Environmental Testing and Certification, Inc.
(ETC) of Edison, New Jersey for analysis of ground-water samples. The
analytical procedures section of the sampling and analysis plan is defi-
cient because methods for all required monitoring parameters are not induce;
However, most methods usea are presented in two ETC documents that are, fc^
the purpose of this report, considered to be part of the site plan.
The sampling and analysis plan generally meets the State requirements,
however, some additional details and procedural modifications are recommence;
Calibration procedures and frequencies for the pneumatic water level and
field phi and conductivity meters need to be presented in the plan. A Ice
of calibration results should also be kept.
Filtering of sample aliquots, collected with pumps, is specified ir
the plan except those for pH, specific conductance, total organic haloge"
('OX), feca" colifcrm anc volatile orgar.ics. Filtering, however, is net *
be performed en samples collectec with a bailee The Company is plann'"
or eventually equipping a'l we'^s w'th dedicated pumps. Therefore, if
nlan is followed, data from some wells will reflect total concentratic":
..ntil a purp ~s insta-ec, then ihe data will reflect dissolved conce^*, -
t-'cns for tne most mom'tored parameters. The plan needs to be revisec ;~
that consistent procedures are prescribed for a"! wells, further, t/1-
ef*~eCL£ e," '"i'tering, w^ic." may produce results biased low, have net L>-
documente; Dy tne Compare.
The description of procedures for samole preservation in the moniirv"~hg
da~ is "'-icchsi sie-it a"'C ""complete. Tne second paragraph on page 4-{ ::£te;
tuat preservatives 3re accec to sample bottles before tney are shipoe: t"
the site. The "~.\i parac^a:-', stales that preservatives should not be a.* •:
to sample:- .-*•'' a'te" tr:e sample botfes are filled. Furthermore, f: •
several D5v"3re:t^s, acic is tc be aaaec to the sample until a sped fie: :
is achieve. Nc p^ccec^^es a^e aesc^ioed for determining if the spec-'"'--:
pH has beer ac^-'e\ed ^-• the sarp-e. If the sample is not adequately st;: •' -
ized by the prese-^.ati ve, ar,a\,ti:a" ^esults ma> be biasec.
-------
According to the monitoring plan, wells are to be sounded every 2 years
for total depth providing the well is not equipped with a dedicated bladder
pump. All wells should be sounded by a more frequent schedule, initially,
to determine if aqu-'fer materials entering the casing are creating problems.
Afterward, the wells should be sounded on a schedule based on the initia"
findings (at least annually). Also, the wells should be checked for imnr's-
cible fluids whenever measurements are made for total depth.
The plan indicates that ground water purged from the monitoring weT.s
before collecting samples is to be discarded on the ground nearby. This is
not a good practice as the water may contain contaminants and remedia1
action or appropriate closure may be required for the affected area(,s)
Analytical procedures are listed on Table 5-1 of the sampling ar,d
analysis olan. however, several of the methods listed are not the ones
followec b> the laboratory. Actually, the methods used on ground-*ater
samples ^rom facilities ODerated by CWK are described in the followr: two
documents by E^C, wrier nee* t:> :e referenced or incorocratec in t~e CSSI
monitoring plan
:?rG ;:ev'atirc D>"oce3ures, as amended FeDrua'-\ 21,
, i ' ;; * z; •" ^ o ," 7^ ~ ~ - —. .-t ~, *" ;3 " ^ ;; T ' i~* I ' r* £i *^ ^ T -" -^ P1 *"" P^^^C'lliyCC f^ ~ "*" C. r1 • • *" " '•
L ~ w c _ v ~ Ij ' o v 0, o^diUdL. L, ^ c i c! L. ,._<'' M r u^trUUIfcb, i< a ~ c u ^- c —v,
C '^ "-
The 1 ace -ate -y procedures document describes chai n-of-custoG\ , sar.cle
co^ectic^, a-alyfics" methods anc quality assurance. The manua1 , fcyided
to Task Force pe^SQ—-'' du^-,-c a July 1985 inspection of the ETC laudatory
w3r jDost&c 'jr C ~ \ ~r. ? 1 I"';-- and a r, ended Februarv 21 19£" The ar:ienQ£C
version ;rc:uc£. a descr-^f0" of samp]e management through the laDc^atory
and 7,2"_ ;• '.' £:e •*"•,c ""st-^rent operating procedures.
T-.£ se:;-'C .ra^ja' c" d = t= integration procedures describes sa~r"e
Tianagement an- :a;- ^rocei£irc tc tne ^eoort stage. It also contains infer-
d-a"'t_. cc-trc1 :-": c^ccedu^es not presented in the forme- manual
-------
49
Neither manual contains procedures fcr chloride, nitrate, sulfate,
pnencl , TOX, total organic carbon (TOC), gross alpha and gross beta.
MONITORING WELLS
State interim status regulations, which became effective in September
1985, allow 1 year from the effective date for a facility to implement a
ground-water monitoring program [265.90(a)]. Although CSSI had installed
many wells by December 1985, tne interim status monitoring well network was
still being developed during the Task Force inspection. Furthermore, the
hydrogeologic characterization of the site had not been completed. Conse-
quently, the scope of the following evaluation is necessarily limited.
In early December 1985, the interim status monitoring well network at
CSSI consisted of about 39 wells constructed at 24 locations [Figure 7].
Wells are cesignatec L^. a t^c-ca^t numnering system, which reoresents tne
location (first numoer and letter) and hydrologic unit (level - second
mcritored (e g. , 4J-2 ;s a well at location 4J that monitors
1 2). Cue tc prefer witn some of the wells, the composition cf tne
monitoring network wa? ~" flu^. Severa1 replacement wells wev"e ccmr'etec
j~st be^c^e t"e Tas^ -c>-ce "nscect'on and others were planned, Re::aceme":
we^'s ar~e designated b'. 3 lowe- case letter (usually "a" or "tl!; added to
t" i 1 c c a t i c r, d e s ^ 9 n a *" c" (e g. , 2 C D -1).
Of the 39 we"1 "is. IB we^e completed in level \ and 24 are completed in
Leve" 2. 0~e of the wells (3Q-2) was in "disrepair" and not in service.
i_e.'e's 1 an" 2 rep^eie^t tre wate^ table and tne bottom of tne lowest mer.ne-
:*' t^e to---*,-':- c:"*?--;^c tne wate" tab^e (Selah Formation - see Site
aec'cc. sect",; . res^ect~ -.'e" •..
-------
-------
Construction
The monitoring well network includes 36 single and three double (two
in a si^g'e borehole) completion wells [Table 7]. Constructic- *5S
general!}' tre same for both types; however, a larger borehole was made at
least for the portion intended to have two casings in the double completion
wel1s.
The single-completion wells were constructed by first using an a~,r
rotary drilling rig to advance an 8-inch diameter borehole to 10 to 15 feet
aoove the water table, then completing the boring as a 6-inch diameter hole
with a caole tool rig. The small amount of water necessary for drilling
was obtained from well S'w'-l. Foam (J-type)* was used, as necessary, o^ing
the air rotary drilling to promote cuttings removal. After a boring *as
completed, the depth was measured to confirm the drillec depth and for aeter-
T^'ning the exact length of casing necessary to complete the well.
Aner eacn borehole was comcleted, a flush-threaded FVC casing (-- "r"
diamete^, scnedu^e £0) ana scree", witn a PVC bottom plug, were stear :~eanec
assexclec an: insta^ec. "ne tnreads we^e wrapped with Teflon tape. " •.
cC-6e!~s ha.,fe Tacvne c^t 0.010 anc 0.020-inch slots and range from 1 :: <-•'
feet in lenctr, witn most (32 wells) ranging from 10 to 20 feet. Acc:t :" = "•
A =,a-c' pack/ (war^.ed No 8 Monterey ;.and) was installed in each v,- '
around the screen. Because of the 1-inch thick annular space, it is ur" ;*e1y
t.nat a gccc sara pa;-., cc^'d De installed. Experience and literature in: :ate
tnat a-' annular sra:-: f-'cKness c^ at least 2 or 3 inches is reaui^ec - ..
effect a gccc sa-c pacf ' - •" Tne g^ain size of the sane pack is best :.-.:tr-
m'ne- *": " :•-.. '-£~ze a^a'^rS^'s o* the aquifer materials in the zone t" :•
a bler.ae? surfactant (polyglycol > ir. ar. alcohol a:.'
Deccir.ccsiiicn products reportedly include sulfur a.
carbcr. mor.oxide, ammonia and s^::.-"
-------
*ac'e 7
ONS'RUCTION DETAI.S "OP INTERIM STATUS MONITORING WELLS*
*W:-2
A-2 ""
C"2
0-9
G-2
^-2
j-2
L-
3-
v-
v'-
2'CD-l
2Q-2
2Ua-l
2U-2
2«a-l
2W-2
3M-1
3M-2
3P-1
•JB- 1
30-1
•1 \ ~ -
:?";
^.*
< s - /
^ T 3 _ 1
•* c ~ _.
4r- 1
4 H - J
4-' - 1
4^-2
-•?••]
Date
Ins t a"" e3 2
05 55
12, 53
01/84
01/84
02/84
02 54
02/84
04/54
06/84
06/84
06/84
New we 1 1 - Nc
11/84
10/85
12 '84
New we " : - So
'J * 0 -
07 '85
07/35
09/85
"9 /P5
22, 5:
05 8-
05 55
-Q p;
28 2-5
- c : ;
:;• E5
12 2-5
".2 r "
• '- ; -_.
-r 55
08 55
C9 r;
Oer
t
cree
as' ^
:
i
i
5
9
3
c of Length
c : *"t ' ' •". ' )
35 "2
61 42
5 ; 2l
236 3 20
2
1
2
2
2
J.
1
irf
2
2
^
i r*
^
1
2
^
^
2
_
;
7
i_
-
:
-
d
L-
~-
4
,_,
C,
I
o
4
Q
'
^
£
Q
^
9
j
2
_
2
c
£
7
:
^
-'
c
:
:
~
•
41 2 J
5 3 22
24 20
23 -""2
f 5 20
5.1 5
^ i or*
mat- or proceed
': 5 5
52 15
- ~* -
rT,at:on prov'dea
-> -. -
2 " 1C
7 ~ -
55 25
~ ~ ^ ..
^ 22
52 22
2 S 10
~ '
2-7 :_
; . ::
: 25
: 1 15
- ~ '--
' - 9.5
r- r
Z ~ 1C
j .-
Sc
S
•j
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
^
0.
~
'J
0
0
PI
-,
o
0
^
J
Q
n
o'
••een
ct
:e
n X
• ' /
220
020
020
020
020
020
020
020
020
020
020
020
010
020
020
020
020
020
J ^i_
^L J
- L L
020
r ^ n
212
020
220
j j. _
, ^ j
213
n " ~
010
Sand-PacK
Length
fft )
27
50
58
28
2"
27
27
32
31
9
30
13
15
12
2
11
7
17.
_,_
12
i^ -
:r
" 0
12
7f
1
T 7
i '
—
^1
^2
17
7
7
2
5
7
7
7
7
1
0
0
0
9
0
i
9
1
1
5
a
0
0
;
I
?
;
5
^
^
3
0
Standing Be-t"-u
Watef S^3'
(12/85)
35
46.
51.
18.
46.
35.
37
37
27.
4.
21.
21.
5.
34
8.
0
14
19
28
1-
-
~;
77
30.
:?
2-
5
- v .
4
p
c
9 '-'
1 --
5 4
9 :
1 5
i
9 7
2
6 5
6
2 2.'
5
6 5
4
7
T ^
3 T
7 :
0
3 :
t
2^
"^
:
^'
3
„
1
6
-------
monitored. At CSSI, the same gradation of sand was used for the wells.
which may not De appropriate for all of the zones monitored. If tie ??.'
pack is too thin and-cf consists of improperly sized material, aquifer mate-
rials may move "'"to tre well casing.1 2 3
A bentonite seal made from pellets and ranging from 1 to 91 feet thicK
was installed abov- the sand pack on all but one well. No bentonite sea'
is indicated in me construction record for well 2Q-2. Where the top c*"
the sand pack was below the water table, bentonite pellets were droppec
into the annul us, Wnev%e the sand pack extended above the water table, tr--
pellets were wetted and placed in the well with a tremie pipe. The rema;;~
der of the annul us was then backfilled with a bentonite-cement grout (3 t:.
5% bentonite) w^'tr, a tremie pipe.
In the three double-completion wells (2Q-2, 2U-2 and 2W-2), an 8-ircf.
borehole «a-. a^a-cej to at least the level of the bottom of the sna^c*-
well. These *eiis na'.e one 4-inch and one 2-inch casing in the borenc -
Because of tr>e s~s^" size arc irregular snape of the annular space in r
double completion we;1;, the adeauacy of the sand pack and the benor'tr
sea"; ~'n inese ^-e":; •:- suspect Potential effects of sand pac< ae^c't : ;
:. c- I' tie sea:s are i^adecuate, the monitc^ea zore ~"
5' " p c u"'r e d b v ? 5 5 c-1 (c)
During fine' grout placement, a protective surface casing with a ""c:--
or-lt cap wc^ ^~<-t-;.r ' Ir-c The protective casing is a 5-foot section of 8 ":f
diameter stee^ prue installed so as to extend at least 2 feet below r .
ground s-^'a;^ !•':_'. ^as mounded aDove grade around the casing to p'-c
'«^c*"* awa_. f"-" * - - ^,?"" The g^out mound was broken or missing at se •;*:;"
we""; obse^.t- z. •'• ; ft "as< Force inspection.
Ar"*ev~ cc'-sfucfoi was completed, the well was "pre-developed" by P;~ -
ing anc ?,r:^r: > " ow-p^cauc'1 ng wel's, water from well SW-1 was aacec: ;;
aia in the ce-. c" :c."e-~:. r^'na" development involved purging the wells * •
" u^f" the watev^ from the well was "clear and free j*
-------
54
Tota1 deptn measurements were made by Company representatives during
the Task Force inspection on 11 wells. The results were compared to reporte:
deaths from construction records [Table 8] to verify contruction records.
Differences between measured and reported depths were found in the wells,
which ranged from -6.3 feet to +1.6 feet and averaged -1.4 feet.* This
means that the wells averaged about one and one-half feet shallower than
contruction records indicate. However, four of the eleven wells were some-
what deeper than the construction records indicate. These differences cou"1-
be due to errors in the construction records and/or aquifer materials rnovi-;
through the screen into the casing.
In wells where depths appear to have increased, errors in initial meas-
urements a^e suspected. Where depths appear to have decreased, both cor-
struction record errors and sediment moving into the casing are suspected
Sediment mov"'ng into the casino was suggested by the soft "feel" of the
well bottoms during sounding and initial turbidity noted in some wells c~--
ing sampling. At we'ls 2Q-3 anc 2V-4, the well depth measured during t"-
Task Force inspection we-~e 5.1 and 6.S feet, respectively, less than t:-_
construction record- n>d"'cate, Ue^eby suggesting that the entire 5-fcc"
screened sections a>~e *_/" of seciiie^t. The we'l and sand pack desicn *.. -
for tne site we 'is was apza^ent'y not apcrooriate for all locations. ":',
«e"" ae:.t"£ ^eed tc be rr:r,-' tcrt-r =: least annually for early identifier,"
hurliit", I1 it data suggtsi that wells having about 2 feet or less ^
standing wale*-, as calculated using reported well depths, may not be ac~
auate fcr^ sanp^'ng ov~ measuring water levels because they may be filli'.
A~tr sec'~t". ""=.. - : _", AC"" 2*~2, which has a screen length, of 1 fc'.~.
is alsc s.:s;r"*
The rar;;'e a:.r averar- c.. r.cr include data for well 2V-4, where tA-
identity cf the well .-neas^red during the Task Force inspection is r.~"
knowr. for certain.
-------
Tac 'e £
RESULTS OF WELL DEPTH MEASUREMENTS
Wei
2P-
3L-
30-
3M-
3G-
Meas;
1 Dept^ (
1
L
i
-L G
2
3Y-2
20-
2U-
2V-
2X
2Y-
i
•5
d
43
4
W P a «; ; i
2oe.
212.
164.
197.
190.
235.
277.
355
333.
262.
79.
rt>n f *
•*'t)
1
1
2
5
3
2
2
d
d
1
0
~rr-
Reported Difference Screen
Depth (ft)2 (Meas. -Reported) Length (ft)
209.
212.
Ct-i.
•
199.
X 2 -L .
234.
282.
354.
324.
327.
262.
85.
r ,^r. .". r ra ^ ^ T
0
5
2
I |
"T
G
C
s
5(4a)
0(4b)
3
8
T< hrr r^, \ 7 r^
-0.
+1.
-0.
-1.
-0.
+0.
-5.
+0.
+8.
^6.
-0.
-6.
infrar
9
6
.6
5
9
3
2
5
9
d
2
8
• f n r r
-------
Tn>~ee of the we"1; listed above are Level 1 "water table11 wells, wr4c
s4~plv may not be deep enough to have adequate water for monitoring on b
yea^-round basis. Three other Level 1 wells (2Q-1, 2U-1 and 4J-1) had
similar standing wate- heights and had to be replaced. The reason for t'-.
low water level in well 4P-2, wnicn is completed at the base of the sat
zone in the Selah Formation (see Site Hydrogeology section) is not apparent
The water level in the nearby Level 1 well (4P-1) is about 19 feet highe-
than the level in 4P-2, although the total depth of 4P-1 is 15 feet less.
Consultants to CSSI state that up to 6 months are required for water leve~-
in some wells to stabilize.
In summary, at least eight wells may not be acceptable for interim
status monitoring oeca^se of design and/or construction deficiencies. FCL-
of the wells need to be tested for determining if there is adequate wate"
for sampling in order to comply with 265.91(a). The screen section in some
designated interim status wells may be filled with sediment, based on meas-
urements in similarly constructed nondesignateo wells. If so, the wellr
would net be accectao'e oecause tne integrity of the borehole was not rr,£J -
tained, as recuired by 2S5.91:'c). Well 2W-2, which has a 1-foot screen, v
also suspect because c* the potential fc^ infiTing of tne screened Sect";
*itr sediment from tne acui*e»" "he three multiple completion we1 Is re;
to be teste-c fo" dete^^nc :f the monitored zone is properly sealed, ?-
Well Loca_li_i!ic- and Numjr*-
Of tre 2r zz~~ to-: ~.g network wells, three (A-2, C-2 and 1-2) are ae
•^ated b\ CSSI as upc'-ae1 e-t we1 Is and the remainder as downgradient we"
Tne grounc-wcte- szr.'•-.:. anc analysis plan does not subdivide the fac"i"
into mu"' t"': ' t *aste mariage~e"it areas, although there is a line of we'"
downgrac" c- ". *rc~ tie impoundments and another line downgradient from t
lanc*4""£ Ie*'c"'e'.c-'es wrv'e found ^ n the locations and numbers of bi'_
upgradn'e>~t anr. dOAncvad-i"t we'ls designated for interim status monitor"
-------
57
u
Of the three designated uogradient wells two (A-2 and C-2) are net
airectly upgradient ^rom the waste management areas. Potentiometric conto
maps developed by the CSSI consultant from June 1985 and February 1986 data
[Appendix C] indicate tnat ground-water flow in Level 2, under the waste
management areas, is generally to the southeast. At well A-2, the flc*
direction, depending on which set of water level data the interpretation is
based, is either south or southwesterly. The flow direction at well C-2
also appears to be southwesterly. Ground-water flow at the third upgraG~>ent
well, 1-2, appears to be southeasterly toward the waste management areas.
Consequently, the locations of two upgradient wells are not hydraul ical ly
upgradient from the site and would not comply with State regulation;
[265.91(3X1)].
Downgradient monitoring wells, according to State regulations
[255. 91(a)(2) ] , must be installed at the limit of the waste management area,
so as to ensure immediate detection of leakage from the waste manager--;
units. At facilities having multiple waste management components, sue" as
tne CSSI •'acilitj,. tne waste management area is described by an imac^'a^v
line which circumscr'Des sevevia" components [265.91(b)j. At faci^fes
having c~iy one waste ^c-ageme"t _rit the waste management area is described
b;. t^e waste ncunaary. B_. ana'og^., the downcradient side of the circ:"1-
sc^'binc bound: "y I'nes should be the waste boundary (with allowance £:^
;c-,ta~;rire~t structures), wvc" is wnere tne wells should be instate:.
In sore area?, t^<= de.-ignated monitoring wells are not adequate "or
immediately detecting releases of hazardous waste constituents, as recurred
c> 265. 91i, a , ^2) . I", tne v'cimt_, of P-12, 14 ana 15, the wells are r.t
c'cse enouc^ tc :~
-------
- . - ~ -^ .« ^ ^ "•" U^ „ _ -, f - . £ J W - v < " ~ " ~^~--*-T^r~ - ~ ^ r^ /-\ *• I- ^ f~'O'*'£-r~fn"!r*C;^ i r^ + •
^ r o - n. i c . . I 11 e a^c^ j 01 , ' c we ,». v_ — •-... 2 wail n v. o L'c L c -1 "1 ' r •_ -
the nydrogeologic characterization of the site is completed.
C55I 5AMP.E CCLLECTION AND HANDLING PROCEDURES
During the inspection, samples were collected from 15 monitoring wells
as discussed in the Investigation Methods section. At each of the wells, c
CSSI contractor made water level measurements, calculated purged volumes
and purged the wells using their standard procedures. At two wells (2\-^
and 2Y-4), the CSSI contractor collected samples following their normal
procedures for collecting, preserving and shipping samples and chain-of-
custody
CWM has a corporate training program to ensure that its personnel a~"
contractors prooerly and uniformly imolement standard monitoring procedure-
common to all Company faculties, which includes CSSI. The training a"'r'
orcmotes consistency in sampling. During the Task Force inspection, t' ~
coordinator for tne CSSI samel ing contractor had been through the proc> ?-
3^d the corporate training off^ce^ nad observed the other contractor pe^i •-
re" in the f:s\c. Tre £3r^:i~c: p^oceau^es used by the CSSI contract:
v.r,:cr we°e ccservec c\ or described to Tas^ Force personnel, genera"1 "j :.'"
*:or""^ t: fcse presented n'n the Ground-water Sampling ana An5\'?is r"
fc'- the f acuity anc a^e aesc^ibea and assessed in the *cl lev.: ng.
Water Levfc' Measurene:ts
At the we'lneac, tne first steo in collecting samples is to measu: •_
fe cert" tc wate- ir:-n; a" electric wate^ level indicator (S'ope Ind'c?: •"
Company, Moat 51-13;, The water level indicator consists of a ree"! w'tr ~-
ccntrc" :- - , ca:~e anc se^sc^. A two-conductor cable, which is mari\£: *'
seqL!en:'-" >*::t inc^eme^ts connects the control panel tc the sense,"
When tne se~::'~ T^-es contact ^itr water, an indicator liaht and buzze-" :
-------
59
The cora anc sensor were lowe-ed into the well through an access pert
(on wells equippec /.1th Well Wizard pumps ana wellhead assemblies) or intc
the open casing until the sensor reached the water. The sensor was then
s'ow'Y raised a-rr '.cwe^ec until the exact ooint at which contact was mace
was determined. Tne cord at the top of the access port or casing was tner
pinched by the CSS1 contractor and the distance from the bottom of his
fingers to the nex", higher marke^ on the cord was measured with a 1-foct
ruler. Deotn to water is calculated by subtracting the reading made wir
the ruler from the cora marker value. After the measurement was made, t^e
c-ord was rewound orto the spool and was rinsed with deionized water.*
The surveyed reference point at each well was the top of the casing,
tnereoy requiting a correction to be made for wells equipped with a We""
Wizard pump. Information on the use of a correction factor was requester:
from the Company out none was provided.
Water "'evel measurements wer-e made on 38 of the 39 monitoring netw:---
*e^s (well 3Q-2 was in l!di sreoa^•"'') before any sampling activities we -
initiated. Duplicate wate^ leve1 measurements were made on five of trt
*e"s. At t*c t-~~" ~ tnc due "Me ate measurements we^e ide.ntica1 tc tne f~ "
a-: 2if*"ere:. :;. o'\, '. I', *cct i" the otrer three. The reproducici ' ity
tr;e measu^erre^t; ^as ve*v good and the procedj^e, describee above, is
p v-r -j
^y volume) is calculate;
m^"1 t'clyi nc the ne'~": c* t^e wateY' column in the well by a conversion
Puy'ge ,'j"'-r,r: ;--. f^- ca^c^'ata: by multiplying the casing volume D\, 1
Puree ,c~u~- --••'. 7c;s-y"e,: t. (^s^'nc a 5-ca"lon bucket.
Deionize- i-.ater ;s croa^zed with a Barnstead cartridge (3 in series
deionizer uit.". ar. ir-Iir.e prefilter, located in a trailer near t.".c
rffire usec as the contractor's office and for storing sar-
-------
60
Purge water is disposed cf c~ the c^ou^a r,car the well.
gocd practice as subsequent analysis cf trie well samples may indicate that
the purge water contained contaminants. Remedial action or appropriate
closure Tia^, be recj'-e: fo^ t~e a^ectec a-ea. Otherwise, purging proce-
dures are adequate.
Sample Collection. Hand!ino anc Preservation
During the Task Force inspection, samples were collected from wells
using several different methods including dedicated and nondedicated baile"
and submersiole blaader-type (Well Wizard) pumps [Table 1]. Some of the
Level 2 wells with Well Wizard pumps were also equipped with dedicated
electric submersible pumps for ourging.
The dedicated bailers we^e made of P'VC and were stored with a short
length c* braiaea IT. ion rooe (cr'scussea oe'ow) in PVC tunes (suppliea w'f
the bailers') in an eauioment tr'a^e^ near the plant office. New baile-s
are trie-e—~'nsec wit". aeion"'ZcC ^ = te^ v.r~'";e in the storage tube and ther
f-'c^e rinsed again *-'t" t^e n_. ;cr "Cne in the same manner before each i,s-?
;; ^. , before •3^*-^"^ =-c "e*";-e same" i ng). A nondedicated ba'ler rraae :*'
"e'lor" v,;; i^sec c^ i"? ^.e"" ;.3L-1;. Equipment b^ar-ss are not run o~ t
^e,s G' c"e?."ec eQuic^e^t. Suc^ D'anks need to be run periodical lv to e"s "
t^a*. tne sc^^c^?"* is T^ee ^* cent ami nanti
Durinc DU-C^C f-- sa^r''^^. the bottom-fi 11 i ng bailer is lowered ir'
and ra^.sec ^'"cr: the we1" v.~tr a pcrtaole electric winch (Cannon Magnur
l-'cae" llr., pov-e-cj :v, lf-.:"t battery. Tne bailer was suspenaea from :
v--'":" car"-; v.-v t"-" ^---t o"e:e o^ Dra^'ded ny^on rone. Sample conta^e-
are f'l'ed z^. '-;•;-:•-„ a era''- tuce in the bottom of the bailer. Pe^sc"'
hanc*"'~:, :'- ~;r ••; ec.i^~e-t anc c:'ntaine^s wore olastic cloves. ~r *
proceed-- •":• sarr'^-g witr a nailer were adequate, however, the bra'Ct
n\ "'C" -ccf -eecs t: 2e -^ei'acF-: rtif = line (e. g. T~i lament, tnat can b^
thv"orcuc:K"i. nerr-ta'-" n^TF" 5*:?- JSP.
rej; stereo trademark and will be shown hereafter with.ci:"
-------
01
In some of the designated interim status (nonitoring wells, dedicatee
we 1 Wizard pu^cs v,e'~e used fcv _<~ 3 >a a;,- ic.rp , n^. In :.t:-i' /._,"-, v , _
we "e not part GT~ the designated RCRA netwo^- Well Wizard pumps were tempo-
ra"i"y instated :: :;"^ect sa^D'es fc^ the TasK Force. The pumps were
received from tne manufacturer in a sealed "sanitized" package, which were
opened at the wellhead just before installation. Each Well Wizard pump ha:
a Teflon body and bladder with a PVC discharge line. Compressed air o"
"breatheable" purity was used to power the pumps. Before samples were cc"-
lected, 2 to 3 gallons of water were pumped from the well to clear stagnant
water from the pump t>!adder and discharge line.
The pump intakes were reportedly positioned near the bottom of tne
well screen, except in mcst of the Level 2 wells, which have an electric
submersible pu^ge pump. In those, the purge pump intake was in the screen?,
section and the Well Wizard pump intake was set above it somewhere be twee1"1
mascree- to just as:,e t"e screen. Data provided oy CSSI on tne pump in:
depths for the Level 2 we"1 Is are summarized in Table 10. The table incica:-
that e^rc^ec^s T.e-S'.^ere'-ts *ev~e Deported for at leasi 6 of the 2C we"":
for WMC" date *e°e r^ovider ~re depths at which pumps are set in a""
« e 1" s s h z L 1 d z e v e'"" *" f. j
The e^cf^'c puree pu^cs (Standard Pumcs, Inc., models 1-X4 and 2CS-
«ere ercase-d in a P'.'C s'ee.e, to prevent sampled wate^ f^om contacting :--
meta" housing, and had stainiess steel riser pipes. Each electric pump h?
a foot valve assembly vrth, an intake screen made of either stainless stet"
o^ oolythe^yene. Because of the low production capacity of the monitor;
e:": tr^cf; on and sampling components are made o*
D":ast''c t~;\ :-.- ;c-: a^: deso-D hazardous waste constituents. The ex
sive use o* : , - rathe ^ fa^ more inert materials creates a potential P!"
of net detect". -d ccntaT' ^a-ts ^ sarp^s, when they were present in gr
water at ICA cc"cen:^af' j~i , because of sorption onto the casing or p
discharge t-c~"c « recent stucx OT" sorption of chlorinated hydrocarb
by samc'1-.ng tuning recorts 'Osses from a 500 ppb mixture of 33 to 67°0
v
-------
Table 10
COMPLETED IN LEVEL 2*
Wei
MW1
A- 2
C-2
Sc^een
1 Interval
-2
D-2+
G-2t
H-2
1-2
L-2
R-2
V-2
2Q-
2U-
3P-
30-
3R-
35-
3T~
4B-
4J-
4K-
2
2+
2
0
iL
2-*
2-r
*)
e-2cu tec cf casing.
Probable erroneous measurements, data indicate that the punrp(sj is set
deer.
•e:
cf the well.
-------
63
D;C tub1' re in crp.trsst to a ra^ce of 11 to 21% foi" Teflon.4 These comDou~cc
have nigh mobiliU in ground water and are common hazardous waste constit-
uents, CSSI needs tc use a less sorptive material for the tubing from the
samp ~~ no pun;. Gtre^w' se the sampling equipment was acceptable.
Samples were collected by the CSSI contractor for analysis by the CWM
contractor laboratory. The usual procedure for sampling wells equippec
with pumps is for CWM contractor personnel to first fill sample bottles fc-~
"total"-type analyses (e.g., total organic carbon and total organic halogen;
and volatile organics directly from the discharge line. An in-line filte*-*
is then installed and all other samples are collected.
According tc the sampling plan (page 4-5), samples collected with a
bailer are not filtered. Samples were preserved immediately after collec-
tion. Except for the volatile organic sample vials, pre-measured prese^vs-
tives for eacn sample bottle a!"e snipped in small vials attachea to it
Tn;s procedure contradicts the mon^to^i ng plan, which states tnat presev\'c-.-
tives a^e sloped j_2 tne sample octt'es The volatile organic sample •, c~ •:
we^e stripped w-'th sodium tricsL"f~te granules in them. The procedures f'.f
sanp'e hardline (except r"ov' f^'ie^'nc; preservation were acceptable.
Sample bottles used by the CSSI contractor are prepared by the pr"'
oa" contractr>" laboratory, ETC. in Edison, New Jersey to ensure unifc
procedures. ~ne bottles a^e p^elaoeled for the required parameters f
eacn sampling pcir: anc s"ippec to tne facility in sealed "snuttles
tc:etne° w::1- tK^ ^r'^'^ec documents "or sampling (chai n-of-custoay a
*iela recede sneets, cocume^ts CC-1 ana CC-2, respective1-.').
Sample Prc ^.45 ~^:r:r ~:?h Capacity Field Filter \Nodell FF-B
manufactured cv CEL Er."ir:ruTter.tal Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
is ar: a:ryli: polymer vvith a polypropylene binder.
-------
Once sarrole? wev^e collected, fl'Itemed (whe^e done) and preserved, tr-ey
we^c placed in trie settles, wicn are insulated containers with fillec
clastic foam inserts for the bottles. A signed chain-of-custody form (CC-1)
aes-'gnating the ara"._, *J cal recuireirents, accompanied each sample. T^is
forTi also indicatea the location, date and time of sampling; the samp>e
size and preservatives; whether the sample was filtered; and the numbers of
trie custccy seals.
"Blue ice'1 packs, frozen in an onsite freezer, were placed in the snut-
t"ies to keep the samples cool during shipment. After completing and enclos-
ing the sampling documents, the shuttle was secured with a numbered plastic
seal and shipped to the laboratory. The shipping and chain-of-custody pro-
cedures were consistent with tnose described in the monitoring plan ara
we^e acceptable.
SAMPLE ANA^rSIS
ETC has been resDons^P e 'o: a11 grcuna-water monitoring analyse:- s~"ce
Ap^"1 19S5; ^cwevev', ;2r°j>irg ce^scnnel perform pH, specific conductance
3-c temce^at-^e TieasureTe'ts i" t^e fie'a. Organic, metals and some ::~e-'
re^^o^^ec at t^e ETC laboratory in Ediso^, Ne^ _"er = e_;. •
5v'e surco^tracted to various laboratories, as ^""cwi
Laboratory
Chyun Laboratory
Princeton, New Jersey
Core Analytical Laooratc'
Casper, Wyoming
National Health Services
Richland, Washington
inspected py Task Force personnel during f
t cf another site investigation. The inspe;
"" cvicrity pollutant analyses and analyses
-------
reduired by the inte^-. m status RCRA regulations were being properly conducted.
to analyze ground-water samples for PCBs, ammonia and cyanide. Because the
'aboratcry inscect'cp *as conducted as part of another site evaluation
analytical methods and procedures fcr these three parameters were not eval-
uated. The f'inclines discussed below were confirmed with ETC personnel in
July 19£6.
Some inadequacies in the present laboratory procedures were found. As
previously discu:sed, samples for semi-volatile organics, pesticides arc
herbicides are filtered in the field, wnich is prior to extraction in trt
laboratory. This practice may result in data biased low for these para-
meters. Similarly, samples are filtered before metal analysis, thus, d^s-
solved instead of total metals are determined.
ETC Metr,cc 21'-';-l-OG2 for base, neutral and acid extractab'e orcar ;.
pesticides and PCBs is not recommended by the Task Force for analysis c~
ground-water samples :"•:." pesticides and PCEs. The detection limits acP'-r.-.:
!5s b<> tr.is method are about 50 times higner f"
c~romatGcraphv~electron capture detector metre;.
3"yt"'c5~ c^ccedure fo~ TGC is incomplete because the resiT: •
reorese-t :"\, -.orp -y^ce2t: 1 e (i.e., ncn-vc 1 ati 1 e) orgaric caroor. Sar: •: "
a>"e acidified ana purgec witn nitrogen gas prior to determination of orc,3'~:
carbon. T^-'s ^esu'ts in the loss of purgeable (volatile) organic carDC'
Analyses must be made fcr purgeable and nonpurgeable organic carbon a"c :"e
,n5 Sur"i-. - t. calculate a result for total organic cart;'
"pt ' a:".-~5t.-\. ccpc.-cfng the racionuclide analyses is certif~:e:
annua^l.. :_ ;"- --:':" '; I" I r'c- conducting these anc other drinking wj*
analyse;. ^C:'C" ,111 personnel who conduct the certification inspect':
te: t"r". v-_ "ac:^atcv\. -,; ccing an acceptable joe of perform: nc :"
pjdide ;";"•.'; = :' a"..: ": ::v>o::" e^; have been found.
-------
GROUND-WATER ASSESSMENT PROGRAM OIT^INE
State regulations [265.93] require a facility to prepare an outline o*
a g^ound-wate" aualitj assessment program. This outline must describe a
more comprehensive program than the one for routine interim status monitcr-
ing and be capaDle of determining:
Whether hazardous waste or hazardous waste constitutents have
entered the grounc water^
The rate and extent of migration of hazardous waste or hazardous
waste constituents in the ground water
+ i * -
The concentrations of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constit
uents in the ground water
CSSI personnnel identified their assessment outline as that presents
on pages 8-1 through £-3 of their Ground-Water Monitoring Plan, Revisic-
No. 6, catec 3ecerr,^er 2, 19£i." Altncugr, tne outline discusses eacr. o* v
major areas iaenti^'ec aco1. e, t"e 'o1 lowing items need to be includec
)rg5—c compounds and priority pollutants wr
or ^ •-• the event TCA ana TCC results fa~il f
B 5 ~; II C c f tne outline':
Scec-f:c parameters tc De analyzec for ->. tne nearbs grcunc-vvc:'
:^?;' c; anc surface waters
Ar- acc'^oxlrnate scnedu'e T"or sa^c'inq and analvsis, data eva"1.'
metroes to be usea cn tne samples
7h~s was, v.t si;.;-.', riv^sur: to the draft 1953 corporate plan and -~.~
fiftr. rev;;;-;, t; t:^ A^ve.T^rer 19S4 site specific plan previously
-------
o/
GRO'JND-W-"^ MON'ITORIN" PRQGDAM PROPOSED FOR FINAL PERMIT
In March 1982, BpA Region X reauested tnat CSSI submit a RCRA Part B
oermit application. CSSI submitted the permit application to EPA Region k
in Novemoe^ 1S£5, a*ter requesting and receiving a 2-month extension.
Because EPA determined that this application and various subsequent revi-
sions were incomplete, several Notices of Deficiency (NOD) were issued a~.c
a series of meetings between EPA, DEQ and CSSI personnel and their contrac-
tors were held. In July 1984, Region X issued a 3008 order to CSSI witr, a
$25,000 penalty, as a result of continuing deficiencies in the ground-wate*-
monitoring/site characterization portion of the Part B application; $15,000
was paid while $10,000 was deferred. Table 11 summarizes the sequence of
events regaraing grour,c-water issues of the Part B permit up until the t". ~e
of the Task Porce investicatior..
As of uecerr,ter li£L, t',e regulatory agencies did not consider t~c. site
characterization to be adecuate. Because site characterization ha; >et to
be complete-, a fira^ ov'c::sec ground-water monitoring plan for Ve ;;te
ni a G ^ c t b e e ^ ~ _ r""n' 11 e c. ~~ c * *~ i--, '-A
-------
Mrr-,-h
Table 11
EVENTS REGARDING GROUND-WATER ISSUES
CP THE CSSI RCRA PART B APPLICATION
P D A >' ^ x C
L r\ i w O ~
Meetinc
Adaiticna1
Informatior
Received
EPA Comments
on Submitted
Information
j-j./ O
12/83
01/84
02/84
03/84
05/84
06/ 84
07/84
Part B Arc'ica
tion reaueste-
Part B Apr"ica-
tion rece~'. ec
Site vi_ '-.
Notice c* Len
3008 crc-c
Issued 30C8 o
with SI:.JOC
Site
ffie€t:n~.c he.a irec^eer. £?A, DE£ and CSSI regarding ground-»a:
-------
MONITORING DATA ANALYSIS FOR INDICATIONS OF WASTE RELEASE
This section presents an analysis of Task Force monitoring data
^ecarding indications of apparent leakage from the waste management units.
Field and laooratcry analytical results from samples collected by Task Fcrce
personnel are presented in Appendix D, together with the analytical methods.
Task Force samples indicate the presence of organic hazardous waste
constituents in four wells [Table 12] and an inorganic waste constituent i-
two other wells. The compounds are identified as hazardous waste constitu-
ents because the operating records reviewed indicate that they were present
in incoming waste loads.
Table 12
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN TASK FORCE SAMPLES
Well
Compound1'
^tT-T 4H-2
1,1,l~trich1orcetnare
TricK"oroethene
T e f" a c r' ~ c r c e t r t ^ e
B e n i e n e
16
95
I/
<5
* Concentrations expressed in \jg, L
*^ .Vc value means "none detected"
*** Indicates that the compound was present below the quan-
tization liir.i', which is the number shown
chl orcet-e^e
we"! " s CC" _ ~
Conf i rrr,5t"
;:; =-c presence of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and tef-
:an'ec tet^achloroethylene and perchloroethylene) i"
;r cc~s"ae^ation of the southerly direction of crc^". •
;ea--ac~ f^cT- one or more of the waste management L~;tr.
a^c c , ur.e ae'ineation need to be performed.
-------
/1
The concentrations of waste constituents in wells R-2 and 4H-2 were
just below the liT.it of quantisation. These wells should be retested se.;
e^a1 times to cor,fir~ the presence of these compounds before any other
wor^
Cyanide was detected in samples, analyzed by the NEIC laboratory, froir,
wells 3P-1 and 4J-2 at concentrations of 110 and 21 (jg/L, respective!} .
Cyanide data from the EDA contractor laboratory was judged to be unreliable.
Therefore, site wells need to be tested to determine the extent of cyarpct
contamination, then the source(s) needs to be identified.
-------
REFERENCES
1. Johnson D^sic-. UCP 1975, Ground Water and Wells, St. Paul: Johns:-
2 U.S. Bureau c* Reclamation 1977, Ground Water Manual. Wasm'ngton:
U.S. government Printing Cffice, p. 330
3. Campce^", M. [. ana Lev\ J. H., 1973, Water Well Technology< New yc-
McQraw-ni"1, pp. 257-265
4. Barcelona, M. J. , Helfr^cri, J. A. and Garske, E. E. , 1985, "Samplir..
Tubing Effects on Groundwater Samples", Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 5"
pp. 460464; as correctec ^r, Voi 57, p.. 2752
-------
APPENDICES
'A HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL LICENSE (HW-1) ISSUED BY THE OREGON
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
B WASTE RECEIVED IN CSSI WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS
C GROUND-WATER CONTOUR MAPS FOR THE SELAH FORMATION
D ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES ANL RESULTS FOR TASK FORCE SAMPLES
-------
APPENDIX A
HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL LICENSE (HW-1) ISSUED
THE OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
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