&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(OS-240)
EPA/540/8-91-021
September 1991
PB92-963239
National
Priorities
List Sites:
CALIFORNIA
AND H AWAI I
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Publication #9200.5-706A
September 1991
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
California and Hawaii
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Douievcrd, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Emergency & Remedial Response
Office of Program Management
Washington, DC 20460
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If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes contact:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA22161
(703) 487-4650
The National Overview volume, Superfund: Focusing on the Nation at Large (1991),
may be ordered as PB92-963253.
The complete set of the overview documents, plus the 49 state reports may be ordered
as PB92-963253.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction:
A Brief Overview 1
Super fund:
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up Sites? 5
The Volume:
How to Use the State Book 13
NPL Sites:
In the State of California 17
In the State of Hawaii 19
The NPL Report:
Progress to Date 21
The NPL Fact Sheets:
Summary of Site Activities in California 27
Summary of Site Activities in Hawaii 211
Appendix A: Glossary:
Terms Used in the Fact Sheets 215
Appendix B: Repositories of
Site Information 231
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INTRODUCTION
WHY THE SUPERFUND
PROGRAM?
As the 1970s came to a close, a series of
headline stories gave Americans a
look at the dangers of dumping indus-
trial and urban wastes on the land. First there
was New York's Love Canal. Hazardous
waste buried there over a 25-year period
contaminated streams and soil, and endangered
the health of nearby residents. The result:
evacuation of several hundred people. Then
the leaking barrels at the Valley of the Drums
in Kentucky attracted public attention, as did
the dioxin-tainted land and water in Times
Beach, Missouri.
In all these cases, human health and the envi-
ronment were threatened, lives were disrupted,
and property values were reduced. It became
increasingly clear that there were large num-
bers of serious hazardous waste problems that
were falling through the cracks of existing
environmental laws. The magnitude of these
emerging problems moved Congress to enact
the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act in 1980.
CERCLA commonly known as Superfund
was the first Federal law established to deal
with the dangers posed by the Nation's hazard-
ous waste sites.
After Discovery, the Problem
Intensified
Few realized the size of the problem until the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
began the process of site discovery and site
evaluation. Not hundreds, but thousands of
potential hazardous waste sites existed, and
they presented the Nation with some of the
most complex pollution problems it had ever
faced.
Since the Superfund program began, hazard-
A
Brief
Overview
ous waste has surfaced as a major environ-
mental concern in every part of the United
States. It wasn't just.the land that was con-
taminated by past disposal practices. Chemi-
cals in the soil were spreading into the ground-
water (a source of drinking water for many)
and into streams, lakes, bays, and wetlands.
Toxic vapors contaminated the air at some
sites, while improperly disposed or stored
wastes threatened the health of the surrounding
community and the environment at others.
The EPA Identified More than 1,200
Serious Sites
The EPA has identified 1,245 hazardous waste
sites as the most serious in the Nation. These
sites comprise the National Priorities List; sites
targeted for cleanup under Super-fund. But
site discoveries continue, and the EPA esti-
mates that, while some will be deleted after
lengthy cleanups, this list, commonly called
the NPL, will continue to grow by approxi-
mately 50 to 100 sites per year, potentially
reaching 2,100 sites by the year 2000.
THE NATIONAL CLEANUP
EFFORT IS MUCH MORE THAN
THE NPL
From the beginning of the program, Congress
recognized that the Federal government could
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INTRODUCTION
not and should not address all environmental
problems stemming from past disposal prac-
tices. Therefore, the EPA was directed to set
priorities and establish a list of sites to target.
Sites on the NPL (1,245) thus are a relatively
small subset of a larger inventory of potential
hazardous waste sites, but they do comprise
the most complex and compelling cases. The
EPA has logged more than 35,000 sites on its
national inventory of potentially hazardous
waste sites and assesses each site within one
year of being logged.
THE EPA IS MAKING PROGRESS
ON SITE CLEANUP
The goal of the Superfund program is to tackle
immediate dangers first and then move through
the progressive steps necessary to eliminate
any long-term risks to public health and the
environment.
Superfund responds immediately to sites
posing imminent threats to human health and
the environment at both NPL sites and sites not
on the NPL. The purpose is to stabilize,
prevent, or temper the effects of a release of
hazardous substances, or the threat of one, into
the environment. These might include tire
fires or transportation accidents involving the
spill of hazardous chemicals. Because they
reduce the threat a site poses to human health
and the environment, immediate cleanup
actions are an integral part of the Superfund
program.
Immediate response to imminent threats is one
of Superfund's most noted achievements.
Where imminent threats to the public or
environment were evident, the EPA has initi-
ated or completed emergency actions that
attacked the most serious threats of toxic
exposure in more than 2,700 cases.
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on
the NPL is a permanent solution to an environ-
mental problem that presents a serious threat
to the public or the environment. This often
requires a long-term effort. The EPA has
aggressively accelerated its efforts to perform
these long-term cleanups of NPL sites. More
cleanups were started in 1987, when the
Superfund law was amended, than in any
previous year. By 1991, construction had
started at more than four times as many sites as
in 1986! Of the sites currently on the NPL,
more than 500 nearly half have had
construction cleanup activity. In addition,
more than 400 more sites presently are in the
investigation stage to determine the extent of
site contamination and to identify appropriate
cleanup remedies. Many other sites with
cleanup remedies selected are poised for the
start of cleanup construction activity. In
measuring success by "progress through the
cleanup pipeline," the EPA clearly is gaining
momentum.
THE EPA MAKES SURE
CLEANUP WORKS
The EPA has gained enough experience in
cleanup construction to understand that envi-
ronmental protection does not end when the
remedy is in place. Many complex technolo-
gies like those designed to clean up ground-
water must operate for many years in order
to accomplish their objectives.
The EPA's hazardous waste site managers are
committed to proper operation and mainte-
nance of every remedy constructed. No matter
who has been delegated responsibility for
monitoring the cleanup work, the EPA will
assure that the remedy is carefully followed
and that it continues to do its job.
Likewise, the EPA does not abandon a site
even after the cleanup work is done. Every
five years, the Agency reviews each site where
residues from hazardous waste cleanup still
remain to ensure that public and environmental
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INTRODUCTION
health are being safeguarded. The EPA will
correct any deficiencies discovered and will
report to the public annually on all five-year
reviews conducted that year.
CITIZENS HELP SHAPE
DECISIONS
Superfund activities also depend upon local
citizen participation. The EPA's job is to
analyze the hazards and to deploy the experts,
but the Agency needs citizen input as it makes
choices for affected communities.
Because the people in a community where a
Superfund site is located will be those most
directly affected by hazardous waste problems
and cleanup processes, the EPA encourages
citizens to get involved in cleanup decisions.
Public involvement and comment does influ-
ence EPA cleanup plans by providing valuable
information about site conditions, community
concerns, and preferences.
The State and U.S. Territories volumes and the
companion National overview volume provide
general Superfund background information
and descriptions of activities at each NPL site.
These volumes clearly describe what the
problems are, what the EPA and others partici-
pating in site cleanups are doing, and how we,
as a Nation, can move ahead in solving these
serious problems.
USING THE STATE AND
NATIONAL VOLUMES TOGETHER
To understand the big picture on hazardous
waste cleanup, citizens need to hear about both
environmental progress across the country and
the cleanup accomplishments closer to home.
Citizens also should understand the challenges
involved in hazardous waste cleanup and the
decisions we must make, as a Nation, in
finding the best solutions.
The National overview, Superfund: Focusing
on the Nation at Large (1991), contains impor-
tant information to help you understand the
magnitude and challenges facing the
Superfund program, as well as an overview of
the National cleanup effort. The sections
describe the nature of the hazardous waste
problem nationwide, threats and contaminants
at NPL sites and their potential effects on
human health and the environment, vital roles
of the various participants in the cleanup
process, the Superfund program's successes in
cleaning up the Nation's serious hazardous
waste sites, and the current status of the NPL.
If you did not receive this overview volume,
ordering information is provided in the front of
this book.
This volume compiles site summary fact sheets
on each State or Territorial site being cleaned
up under the Superfund program. These sites
represent the most serious hazardous waste
problems in the Nation and require the most
complicated and costly site solutions yet
encountered. Each book gives a "snapshot" of
the conditions and cleanup progress that has
been made at each NPL site. Information
presented for each site is current as of April
1991. Conditions change as our cleanup
efforts continue, so these site summaries will
be updated annually to include information on
new progress being made.
To help you understand the cleanup accom-
plishments made at these sites, this volume
includes a description of the process for site
discovery, threat evaluation, and long-term
cleanup of Superfund sites. This description,
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up
Sites?, will serve as a reference point from
which to review the cleanup status at specific
sites. A glossary defining key terms as they
apply to hazardous' 'aste management and site
cleanup is included as Appendix A in the back
of this book.
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SUPERFUND
The diverse problems posed by hazard-
ous waste sites have provided the EPA
with the challenge to establish a consis-
tent approach for evaluating and cleaning up
the Nation's most serious sites. To do this, the
EPA has had to step beyond its traditional role
as a regulatory agency to develop processes
and guidelines for each step in these techni-
cally complex site cleanups. The EPA has
established procedures to coordinate the
efforts of its Washington, D.C. Headquarters
program offices and its front-line staff in ten
Regional Offices, with the State and local
governments, contractors, and private parties
who are participating in site cleanup. An
important part of the process is that any time
How Does the
Program Work
to Clean Up
Sites?
THREE-STEP SUPERFUND PROCESS
STEP1
Discover site and
determine whether
an emergency
exists *
STEP 2
Evaluate whether a
site is a serious threat
to public health or
environment
STEPS
Perform long-term
cleanup actions on
the most serious
hazardous waste
sites in the Nation
' Emergency actions are performed whenever needed in this three-step process.
during cleanup, work can be led by the EPA
or the State or, under their monitoring, by
private parties who are potentially responsible
for site contamination.
The process for discovery of the site, evalu-
ation of threat, and the long-term cleanup of
Superfund sites is summarized in the follow-
ing pages. The phases of each of these steps
are highlighted within the description. The
flow diagram above provides a summary of the
three-step process.
Although this book provides a current "snap-
shot" of site progress made only by emergency
actions and long-term cleanup actions at
Superfund sites, it is important to understand
the discovery and evaluation process that leads
to identifying and cleaning up these most
serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous
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SUPERFUND
waste sites in the Nation. The discovery and
evaluation process is the starting point for this
summary description of Superfund involve-
ment at hazardous waste sites.
STEP 1: SITE DISCOVERY AND
EMERGENCY EVALUATION
How does the EPA learn about
potential hazardous waste sites?
Site discovery occurs in a number of ways.
Information comes from concerned citizens.
People may notice an odd taste or foul odor in
their drinking water or see half-buried leaking
barrels; a hunter may come across a field
where waste was dumped illegally. There may
be an explosion or fire, which alerts the State
or local authorities to a problem. Routine
investigations by State and local governments
and required reporting and inspection of
facilities that generate, treat, store, or dispose
of hazardous waste also help keep the EPA
informed about actual or potential threats of
hazardous substance releases. All reported
sites or spills are recorded in the Superfund
inventory (CERCLIS) for further investigation
to determine whether they will require cleanup.
What happens if there is an imminent
danger?
As soon as a potential hazardous waste site is
reported, the EPA determines whether there is
an emergency requiring an immediate cleanup
action. If there is, they act as quickly as
possible to remove or stabilize the imminent
threat. These short-term emergency actions
range from building a fence around the con-
taminated area to keep people away, or tempo-
rarily relocating residents until the danger is
addressed, to providing bottled water to resi-
dents while their local drinking water supply is
being cleaned up or physically removing
wastes for safe disposal.
However, emergency actions can happen at
any time an imminent threat or emergency
warrants them. For example, if leaking barrels
are found when cleanup crews start digging in
the ground or if samples of contaminated soils
or air show that there may be a threat of fire or
explosion, an immediate action is taken.
STEP 2: SITE THREAT EVALUATION
If there isn't an imminent danger, how
does the EPA determine what, if any,
cleanup actions should be taken?
Even after any imminent dangers are taken
care of, in most cases, contamination may
remain at the site. For example, residents may
have been supplied with bottled water to take
care of their immediate problem of contami-
nated well water, but now it's time to deter-
mine what is contaminating the drinking water
supply and the best way to clean it up. The
EPA may determine that there is no imminent
danger from a site, so any long-term threats
need to be evaluated. In either case, a more
comprehensive investigation is needed to
determine if a site poses a serious, but not
imminent, danger and whether it requires a
long-term cleanup action.
Once a site is discovered and any needed
emergency actions are taken, the EPA or the
State collects all available background infor-
mation not only from their own files, but also
from local records and U.S. Geological Survey
maps. This information is used to identify the
site and to perform a preliminary assessment of
its potential hazards. This is a quick review of
readily available information to answer the
questions:
Are hazardous substances likely to be
present?
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SUPERFUND
How are they contained?
How might contaminants spread?
How close is the nearest well, home, or
natural resource area such as a wetland
or animal sanctuary?
What may be harmed the land,
water, air, people, plants, or animals?
Some sites do not require further action be-
cause the preliminary assessment shows that
they do not threaten public health or the envi-
ronment. But even in these cases, the sites
remain listed in the Superfund inventory for
record-keeping purposes and future reference.
Currently, there are more than 35,000 sites
maintained in this inventory.
If the preliminary assessment
shows a serious threat may exist,
what's the next step?
Inspectors go to the site to collect additional
information to evaluate its hazard potential.
During this site inspection, they look for
evidence of hazardous waste, such as leaking
drums and dead or discolored vegetation.
They may take some samples of soil, well
water, river water, and air. Inspectors analyze
the ways hazardous materials could be pollut-
ing the environment, such as runoff into
nearby streams. They also check to see if
people (especially children) have access to
the site.
How does the EPA use the results of
the site Inspection?
Information collected during the site inspection
is used to identify the sites posing the most
serious threats to human health and the envi-
ronment. This way, the EPA can meet the
requirement that Congress gave them to use
Superfund monies only on the worst hazardous
waste sites in the Nation.
To identify the most serious sites, the EPA
developed the Hazard Ranking System (HRS).
The HRS is the scoring system the EPA uses to
assess the relative threat from a release or a
potential release of hazardous substances from
a site to surrounding groundwater, surface
water, air, and soil. A site score is based on
the likelihood that a hazardous substance will
be released from the site, the toxicity and
amount of hazardous substances at the site, and
the people and sensitive environments poten-
tially affected by contamination at the site.
Only sites with high enough health and envi-
ronmental risk scores are proposed to be added
to the NPL. That's why 1,245 sites are on the
NPL, but there are more than 35,000 sites in
the Superfund inventory. Only NPL sites can
have a long-term cleanup paid for from
Superfund, the national hazardous waste trust
fund. Superfund can, and does, pay for emer-
gency actions performed at any site, whether
or not it's on the NPL.
Why are sites proposed to the NPL?
Sites proposed to the NPL have been evaluated
through the scoring process as the most serious
problems among uncontrolled or abandoned
hazardous waste sites in the U.S. In addition, a
site will be proposed to the NPL if the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
issues a health advisory recommending that
people be moved away from the site. The NPL
is updated at least once a year, and it's only
after public comments are considered that
these proposed worst sites officially are added
to the list.
Listing on the NPL does not set the order in
which sites will be cleaned up. The order is
influenced by the relative priority of the site's
health and environmental threats compared to
other sites, and such factors as State priorities,
engineering capabilities, and available tech-
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SUPERFUND.
nologies. Many States also have their own list
of sites that require cleanup; these often contain
sites that are not on the NPL and are scheduled
to be cleaned up with State money. And, it
should be noted again that any emergency
action needed at a site can be performed by the
Superfund, whether or not a site is on the NPL.
A detailed description of the current progress in
cleaning up NPL sites is found in the section of
the 1991 National overview volume entitled
Cleanup Successes: Measuring Progress.
How do people find out whether the
EPA considers a site a national
priority for cleanup under the
Superfund Program?
All NPL sites, where Superfund is responsible
for cleanup, are described in the State and
Territorial volumes. The public also can find
out whether other sites, not on the NPL, are
being addressed by the Superfund program by
calling their Regional EPA office or the Super-
fund Hotline at the numbers listed in this book.
STEP 3: LONG-TERM CLEANUP
ACTIONS
After a site is added to the NPL, what
are the steps to cleanup?
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on
the NPL is a permanent, long-term cleanup.
Since every site presents a unique set of chal-
lenges, there is no single all-purpose solution.
A five-phase "remedial response" process is
used to develop consistent and workable
solutions to hazardous waste problems across
the Nation:
1. Remedial Investigation: investigate in
detail the extent of the site contamination
2. Feasibility Study: study the range of
possible cleanup remedies
3. Record of Decision or ROD: decide
which remedy to use
4. Remedial Design: plan the remedy
5. Remedial Action: carry out the remedy
This remedial response process is a long-term
effort to provide a permanent solution to an
environmental problem that presents a serious
threat to the public or environment.
The first two phases of a long-term cleanup are
a combined remedial investigation and feasibil-
ity study (RI/FS) that determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site and identify
and evaluate cleanup alternatives. These
studies may be conducted by the EPA or the
State or, under their monitoring, by private
parties.
Like the initial site inspection described earlier,
a remedial investigation involves an examina-
tion of site data in order to better define the
problem. However, the remedial investigation
is much more detailed and comprehensive than
the initial site inspection.
A remedial investigation can best be described
as a carefully designed field study. It includes
extensive sampling and laboratory analyses to
generate more precise data on the types and
quantities of wastes present at the site, the type
of soil and water drainage patterns, and specific
human health and environmental risks.
The result of the remedial investigation is
information that allows the EPA to select the
cleanup strategy that is best suited to a particu-
lar site or to determine that no cleanup is
needed.
Placing a site on the NPL does not necessarily
mean that cleanup is needed. It is possible for
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SUPERFUND
a site to receive an HRS score high enough to
be added to the NPL, but not ultimately require
cleanup actions. Keep in mind that the purpose
of the scoring process is to provide a prelimi-
nary and conservative assessment of potential
risk. During subsequent site investigations, the
EPA may find either that there is no real threat
or that the site does not pose significant human
health or environmental risks.
How are cleanup alternatives
identified and evaluated?
The EPA or the State or, under their monitor-
ing, private parties identify and analyze spe-
cific site cleanup needs based on the extensive
information collected during the remedial
investigation. This analysis of cleanup alterna-
tives is called a feasibility study.
Since cleanup actions must be tailored exactly
to the needs of each individual site, more than
one possible cleanup alternative is always
considered. After making sure that all potential
cleanup remedies fully protect human health
and the environment and comply with Federal
and State laws, the advantages and disadvan-
tages of each cleanup alternative are compared
carefully. These comparisons are made to
determine their effectiveness in the short and
long term, their use of permanent treatment
solutions, and their technical feasibility and
cost.
To the maximum extent practicable, the rem-
edy must be a permanent solution and must use
treatment technologies to destroy principal site
contaminants. Remedies such as containing the
waste on site or removing the source of the
problem (like leaking barrels) often are consid-
ered effective. Often, special pilot studies are
conducted to determine the effectiveness and
feasibility of using a particular technology to
clean up a site. Therefore, the combined
remedial investigation and feasibility study can
take between 10 and 30 months to complete,
depending on the size and complexity of the
problem.
Does the public have a say in the
final cleanup decision?
Yes. The Superfund law requires that the
public be given the opportunity to comment on
the proposed cleanup plan. Their concerns are
considered carefully before a final decision is
made.
The results of the remedial investigation and
feasibility study, which also point out the
recommended cleanup choice, are published in
a report for public review and comment. The
EPA or the State encourages the public to
review the information and take an active role
in the final cleanup decision. Fact sheets and
announcements in local papers let the commu-
nity know where they can get copies of the
study and other reference documents concern-
ing the site. Local information repositories,
such as libraries or other public buildings, are
established in cities and towns near each NPL
site to ensure that the public has an opportunity
to review all relevant information and the
proposed cleanup plans. Locations of informa-
tion repositories for each NPL site described in
this volume are given in Appendix B.
The public has a minimum of 30 days to
comment on the proposed cleanup plan after it
is published. These comments can be written
or given verbally at public meetings that the
EPA or the State are required to hold. Neither
the EPA nor the State can select the final
cleanup remedy without evaluating and provid-
ing written answers to specific community
comments and concerns. This "responsiveness
summary" is part of the EPA's write-up of the
final remedy decision, called the Record of
Decision, or ROD.
The ROD is a public document that explains
the cleanup remedy chosen and the reason it
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SUPERFUND.
was selected. Since sites frequently are large
and must be cleaned up in stages, a ROD may
be necessary for each contaminated resource or
area of the site. This may be necessary when
contaminants have spread into the soil, water,
and air and affect such sensitive areas as
wetlands, or when the site is large and cleaned
up in stages. This often means that a number
of remedies, using different cleanup technolo-
gies, are needed to clean up a single site.
If every cleanup action needs to be
tailored to a site, does the design
ofthe remedy need to be tailored,
too?
Yes. Before a specific cleanup action is carried
out, it must be designed in detail to meet
specific site needs. This stage of the cleanup is
called the remedial design. The design phase
provides the details on how the selected rem-
edy will be engineered and constructed.
Projects to clean up a hazardous waste site may
appear to be like any other major construction
project but, in fact, the likely presence of
combinations of dangerous chemicals demands
special construction planning and procedures.
Therefore, the design of the remedy can take
anywhere from six months to two years to
complete. This blueprint for site cleanup
includes not only the details on every aspect of
the construction work, but a description of the
types of hazardous wastes expected at the site,
special plans for environmental protection,
worker safety, regulatory compliance, and
equipment decontamination.
Once the design is completed,
how long does it take to actually
clean up the site, and how much
does it cost?
The time and cost for performing the site
cleanup, called the remedial action, are as
varied as the remedies themselves. In a few
cases, the only action needed may be to remove
drums of hazardous waste and to decontami-
nate them, an action that takes limited time and
money. In most cases, however, a remedial
action may involve different and expensive
cleanup measures that can take a long time.
For example, cleaning polluted groundwater or
dredging contaminated river bottoms can take
several years of complex engineering work
before contamination is reduced to safe levels.
Sometimes the selected cleanup remedy de-
scribed in the ROD may need to be modified
because of new contaminant information
discovered or difficulties that were faced
during the early cleanup activities. Taking into
account these differences, each remedial
cleanup action takes an average of 18 months
to complete and ultimately costs an average of
$26 million to complete all necessary cleanup
actions at a site.
Once the cleanup action is
completed, is the site
automatically "deleted" from the
NPL?
No. The deletion of a site from the NPL is
anything but automatic. For example, cleanup
of contaminated groundwater may take up to
20 years or longer. Also, in some cases, long-
term monitoring of the remedy is required to
ensure that it is effective. After construction of
certain remedies, operation and maintenance
(e.g., maintenance of ground cover, groundwa-
ter monitoring, etc.), or continued pumping and
treating of groundwater may be required to
ensure that the remedy continues to prevent
future health hazards or environmental damage
and ultimately meets the cleanup goals speci-
fied in the ROD. Sites in this final monitoring
or operational stage of the cleanup process are
designated as "construction complete."
It's not until a site cleanup meets all the goals
and monitoring requirements of the selected
10
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SUPERFUND
remedy that the EPA can officially propose the
site for deletion from the NPL, and it's not
until public comments are taken into consid-
eration that a site actually can be deleted from
the NPL. All sites deleted from the NPL and
sites with completed construction are included
in the progress report found later in this book.
Can a site be taken off the NPL if
no cleanup has taken place?
Yes. But only if further site investigation
reveals that there are no threats present at the
site and that cleanup activities are not neces-
sary. In these cases, the EPA will select a "no
action" remedy and may move to delete the
site when monitoring confirms that the site
does not pose a threat to human health or the
environment.
In other cases, sites may be "removed" from
the NPL if new information concerning site
cleanup or threats show that the site does not
warrant Superfund activities.
A site may be removed if a revised HRS
scoring, based on updated information, results
in a score below the minimum for NPL sites.
A site also may be removed from the NPL by
transferring it to other appropriate Federal
cleanup authorities, such as RCRA, for further
cleanup actions.
Removing sites for technical reasons or trans-
ferring sites to other cleanup programs pre-
serves Superfund monies for the Nation's most
pressing hazardous waste problems where no
other cleanup authority is applicable.
Can the EPA make parties
responsible for the contamination
pay?
Yes. Based on the belief that "the polluters
should pay," after a site is placed on the NPL,
the EPA makes a thorough effort to identify
and find those responsible for causing con-
tamination problems at a site. Although the
EPA is willing to negotiate with these private
parties and encourages voluntary cleanup, it
has the authority under the Superfund law to
legally force those potentially responsible for
site hazards to take specific cleanup actions.
All work performed by these parties is closely
guided and monitored by the EPA and must
meet the same standards required for actions
financed through the Superfund.
Because these enforcement actions can be
lengthy, the EPA may decide to use Superfund
monies to make sure a site is cleaned up
without unnecessary delay. For example, if a
site presents an imminent threat to public
health and the environment or if conditions at a
site may worsen, it could be necessary to start
the cleanup right away. Those responsible for
causing site contamination are liable under the
law (CERCLA) for repaying the money the
EPA spends in cleaning up the site.
Whenever possible, the EPA and the Depart-
ment of Justice use their legal enforcement
authorities to require responsible parties to pay
for site cleanups, thereby preserving Superfund
resources for emergency actions and for sites
where no responsible parties can be identified.
11
-------
THE VOLUME
The site fact sheets presented in this
book are comprehensive summaries
that cover a broad range of information.
The fact sheets describe hazardous
waste sites on the NPL and their locations, as
well as the conditions leading to their listing
("Site Description"). The summaries list the
types of contaminants that have been discov-
ered and related threats to public and ecologi-
cal health ("Threats and Contaminants").
"Cleanup Approach" presents an overview of
the cleanup activities completed, underway, or
planned. The fact sheets conclude with a brief
synopsis of how much progress has been made
in protecting public health and the environ-
ment. The summaries also pinpoint other
actions, such as legal efforts to involve pollut-
ers responsible for site contamination and
community concerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
HOW CAN YOU USE THIS STATE
BOOK?
You can use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you, particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
How to Use
the State
Book
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to
know what the community can realistically
expect once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
13
-------
THE VOLUME
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Dates when the site was
Proposed, made Final, and
Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially respon-
sible parties that are taking
responsibility for cleanup
actions at the site.
SITE NAME
STATE
EPA ID* ABCOOOOOOO
""SUfiDescription
EPA REGION XX
CONGRESSIONAL DIST XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Other Names:
NPL Listing History
Proposed: xxttxtt
F1r»t
Site Responsibility: '^SSL'"'
Threats and Contaminants
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Environmental Progress =^=
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
A summary of the actions to reduce the threats to
nearby residents and the surrounding environment;
progress towards cleaning up the site and goals of
the cleanup plan are given here.
14
-------
THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
15
-------
THE VOLUME
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats and
Contaminants Section
Contaminated Groundwater resources
in the Contaminated Groundwater in
the vicinity or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used as a
drinking water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site. (These
include lakes, ponds, streams, and
rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas emis-
sions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on or
near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on the
site.)
Threatened or contaminated Environ-
mentally Sensitive Areas in the vicin-
ity of the site. (Examples include
wetlands and coastal areas or critical
habitats.)
Icons in the Response Action
Status Section
Initial Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine the
nature and extent of contamination are
planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part of
the site.
Remedy Design means that engineers
are preparing specifications and
drawings for the selected cleanup
technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved for
the contaminated site or part of the
site.
Environmental Progress summa-
rizes the activities taken to date to
protect human health and to clean
up site contamination.
16
-------
NPL SITES
The State of
California
The State of California is located on the western Pacific Ocean coast of the continental United
States within EPA Region 9, which includes three southwestern states, Hawaii and the Trust
Territories of the Pacific Islands. California covers 156,299 square miles including a long
mountainous coastline, central valley desert basins in the southern interior, the Sierra Nevada
mountains to the east, and rugged mountain ranges in the north. The state experienced a 25.7%
increase in population betwen 1980 and 1990 and is currently the most populous state in the U.S.
with approximately 29,760,000 residents according to the 1990 Census. Principal state indus-
tries include agriculture, manufacturing, services, trade and commercial fishing. California
manufactured goods include food, primary and fabricated metals, machinery, electric and elec-
tronic equipment and transportation equipment.
How Many NPL Sites
Are in the State of California?
Proposed
Final
Deleted
0
88
_Q
88
Where Are the NPL Sites Located?
Congressional Districts 6,20,22,27,29, 33, 39 1 site
Congressional Districts 4,7,10,34,37,40
Congressional Districts 2,9,14,18,24,30
Congressional Districts 3,16,17, 36
Congressional Districts 1, 13
Congressional District 15
Congressional District 12
2 sites
3 sites
4 sites
6 sites
8 sites
15 sites
What Type of Sites Are on the NPL
in the State of California?
# of sites
20
20
12
7
5
4
3
2
2
13
type of sites
Federal Facilities
Electronics & Electrical Euipment
Chemicals & Allied Products
Lumber & Wood
Municipal & Industrial Landfills
Mining
Manufacturers
Storage Facilities
Petroleum Refining
Other (Rubber & plastics, drycleaners, disposal
facilities, junkyard, recyclers, and rail yard).
17
April 1991
-------
NPL SITES
How Are Sites Contaminated and What Are the Principal* Chemicals?
100--
80 -
$60
t40--
20-
GW Soil & SW Sed
Solid
Waste
Contamination Area
Air
Groundwater: Volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs) and heavy metals
(inorganics).
Soil and Solid Waste: Volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), heavy
metals (inorganics), pesticides, polychlo-
rinated biphenyls (PCBs), and creosotes
(organics).
Surface Water and Sediments:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
heavy metals (inorganics), creosotes
(organics), polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), pesticides, and asbestos.
Air: Volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), asbestos, gases, and creosotes
(organics).
Appear at 12% or more sites
Where Are the Sites in the Superfund Cleanup Process?*
51
Sites
with I
Studies
Planned/
Underway
5
Sites
with
Remedy
Selected
11
Sites
with
Remedy
Design
17
Sites
with
Cleanup
Ongoing
Deleted
Sites
In addition to the activities described above, initial actions have been taken at 70 sites as interim
cleanup measures.
'Cleanup status reflects phases of site activities rather than administrative accomplishments.
April 1991
18
-------
NPL SITES
The State of
Hawaii
The State of Hawaii is made up of a long archipelago of islands located 2,397 miles southwest of
San Francisco in the Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is located in EPA Region 9, which includes the three
southwestern most states and the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands. The islands cover 6,471
square miles of land, which consists of submerged volcanic mountains and active volcanic land
masses. According to the 1990 Census, Hawaii experienced a 15% increase in population
between 1980 and 1990 and currently has approximately 1,108,000 residents, ranking 41st in
U.S. populations. Principal state industries include tourism, defense and other government work,
sugar refining, pineapple and diversified agriculture, aquaculture, commercial fishing, and
motion pictures. Hawaii manufactures sugar, canned pineapple, clothing, printing and publish-
ing, and foods.
How Many NPL Sites
Are in the State of Hawaii?
Proposed
Final
Deleted
0
1
Where Are the NPL Sites Located?
Congressional District 2
1 site
What Type of Sites Are on the NPL
in the State of Hawaii?
# of sites
i
type of site
Federal Facility
19
ApriM991
-------
NPL SITES
How Are Sites Contaminated and What Are the Principal* Chemicals?
7 --
I
M
5 -
3 --
1 --
GW
Contamination Area
Groundwater: Pesticides and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Where Are the Sites in the Superfund Cleanup Process?1
1
Site
with m+
Studies
Underway
Sites
* with
Remedy
Selected
Sites
+ with
Remedy
Design
Sites
^ with
Cleanup
Ongoing
N
Sites
* with
Construction
Complete ,
Deleted
Sites
In addition to the activities described above, initial actions have been taken at 1 site as an interim
cleanup measure.
'Cleanup status reflects phases of site activities rather than administrative accomplishments.
April 1991
20
-------
THE NPL REPORT
The following Progress Report lists all
sites currently on, or deleted from, the
NPL and briefly summarizes the status
of activities for each site at the time this
report was prepared. The steps in the Super-
fund cleanup process are arrayed across the
top of the chart, and each site's progress
through these steps is represented by an arrow
(O) indicating the current stage of cleanup.
Large and complex sites often are organized
into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to
address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and
surface water pollution, or to clean up differ-
ent areas of a large site. In such cases, the
chart portrays cleanup progress at the site's
most advanced stage, reflecting the status of
site activities rather than administrative
accomplishments.
An arrow in the "Initial Response" cate-
gory indicates that an emergency cleanup or
initial action has been completed or currently
is underway. Emergency or initial actions are
taken as an interim measure to provide im-
mediate relief from exposure to hazardous site
conditions or to stabilize a site to prevent
further contamination.
A final arrow in the "Site Studies"
category indicates that an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site currently is ongoing.
A final arrow in the "Remedy Selection"
category means that the EPA has selected the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining
contamination will be naturally dispersed
without further cleanup activities, a "No
Progress
To Date
Action" remedy is selected. In these cases, the
arrows are discontinued at the "Remedy
Selection" step and resume in the
"Construction Complete" category.
» A final arrow at the "Remedial Design"
stage indicates that engineers currently are
designing the technical specifications for the
selected cleanup remedies and technologies.
A final arrow in the "Cleanup Ongoing"
column means that final cleanup actions have
been started at the site and currently are
underway.
A final arrow in the "Construction
Complete" category is used only when all
phases of the site cleanup plan have been
performed, and the EPA has determined that no
additional construction actions are required at
the site. Some sites in this category currently
may be undergoing long-term operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure that the
cleanup actions continue to protect human
health and the environment.
A check in the "Deleted" category indicates
that the site cleanup has met all human health
and environmental goals and that the EPA has
deleted the site from the NPL.
Further information on the activities and
progress at each site is given in the site "Fact
Sheets" published in this volume.
21
April 1991
-------
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24
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April 1991
-------
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April 1991
26
-------
THE NPL FACT SHEETS
Summary
of Site
Activities
EPA REGION 9
27
April1991
-------
Who Do I Call with Questions?
The following pages describe each NPL site in California, providing specific
information on threats and contaminants, cleanup activities, and environmen-
tal progress. Should you have questions, please call the EPA's Region 9
Office in San Francisco, California or one of the other offices listed below:
EPA Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office (415) 744-2175
EPA Region 9 Superfund Office (415) 744-1519
EPA Superfund Hotline (800) 424-9346
EPA Headquarters Public Information Center (202) 260-2080
California Superfund Office (916) 324-3773
April 1991 28
-------
ADVANCED
DEVICES, INC.
(BUILDING 915)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT080034234
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
AMD 915 Deguine
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) manufactures semiconductor and microprocessor
devices on this 5 1/2-acre site. Building 915 was constructed on former agricultural land in
1973. At that time, three underground acid neutralization tanks were installed north of the
building. The building's operations also involved underground tanks for storage of waste
organic solvents. In 1981, the company identified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wells
near the building. High levels of solvents are present in the on-site soils and resulted from
leaking tanks and spills during the handling of solvents. Two other NPL sites have contributed
to the contaminated groundwater plume: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. and TRW Microwave,
Inc. (For additional information, please see the separate listings for each of these sites). Another
facility, Signetics, Inc. has been removed from the NPL but is required to participate in the
cleanup process under Regional Water Quality Control Board Orders. The closest homes are
400 feet north of the site. Contamination from the site has the potential to reach the deep
groundwater that supplies municipal wells within 3 miles of the site. These wells provide
drinking water to approximately 200,000 people in Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, and Mountain View.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various VOCs. The majority of the soil, which was
contaminated with organic solvents, has been removed. If the contaminant plume
migrates to the municipal wells, people who come in direct contact with or drink
the water may be at risk.
29
April! 991
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, Advanced Micro Devices removed approximately 5,600
cubic yards of contaminated soil and a three-tank underground acid neutralization system,
with a combined capacity of 4,700 gallons. The soil was transported to a federally
approved hazardous waste facility. One of the tanks was found to have a hole in its side. Five
additional underground storage tanks were removed between 1982 and 1983. Between 1982 and
1983, five groundwater extraction wells and pumps were installed to stop the migration of
contaminants off site. Seven more wells were installed between 1983 and 1985 to provide an
additional hydraulic barrier to trap the contaminant plume migrating off site. Water from these wells
is treated by an air stripper and carbon adsorption to remove VOCs. In addition, groundwater
extracted from 18 other off-site wells, installed as part of the cleanup activities for the other NPL
sites in the area, is treated by the air stripping tower and carbon adsorption at this site.
Entire Site: In 1991, Advanced Micro Devices completed an investigation, under State
monitoring, determining the type and extent of contamination at the site. Measures have
been recommended for cleanup of the remaining site contamination. The EPA is expected
to select the cleanup remedy from the recommended alternatives by late 1991, after completion of
the public comment period. In the meantime, Advanced Micro Devices will continue to operate the
groundwater extraction and treatment system as required by the Regional Water Quality Control
Board.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and tanks and the ongoing treatment of contaminated
groundwater have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) site and will continue to protect residents near the
site until final cleanup activities are completed.
April 1991 30 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
(BUILDING 915)
-------
ADVANCEDWHC
DEVICES, INC!
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD048634059
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
AMD 901/902
AMD - Thompson Place
The Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) site covers 6 acres in Sunnyvale, where the company
manufactures electronic equipment. Contamination of the groundwater has resulted from localized
spills and leaking underground storage tanks and piping. Two other NPL sites have contributed to
the contaminated groundwater plume: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) and TRW
Microwave, Inc. (For additional information, please see the separate listings for each of these
sites). Another facility, Signetics, Inc., has been removed from the NPL, but still is required to
participate in the cleanup under Regional Water Quality Control Board orders. In 1982, the
company removed an acid neutralization tank from a location near the AMD 901 facility. In 1983,
another tank was removed from the AMD 902 facility. AMD 901/902 has a groundwater
extraction system that treats groundwater by air stripping. The treated water is reused as industrial
process water. Groundwater is extracted from 18 off-site wells installed as part of the cleanup
activities for the NPL sites in the area and is treated by the air stripping tower, followed by carbon
adsorption at the Advanced Micro Devices (Building 915) site, located about 1/2 mile away.
About 20% of the treated water is discharged to a storm drain, which empties into Calabasas
Creek. The remainder is used as process water by the Building 915 facility. Approximately
50,000 people live within 3 miles of the site, and about 300,000 people depend on nearby
municipal groundwater wells as a source of drinking water. The closest residence is 1/2 mile
away. No private wells are used in the vicinity of the facility. The municipal wells, located about
1/2 mile from the site, do not show signs of contamination.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as
trichloroethylene (TCE) and freon. Soils also are contaminated with VOCs.
People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk.
31
April! 991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The AMD facility is continuing to participate with Signetics
and TRW in extracting and treating contaminated groundwater, as required by the
Regional Water Quality Control Board orders.
Entire Site: Under supervision of the State, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
completed an investigation determining the type and extent of contamination on the
site. The EPA is expected to select the cleanup remedy from the recommended
alternatives by late 1991, after public review of the proposed plan is completed.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order, requiring Advanced
Micro Devices, Signetics, and TRW Microwave to develop a joint plan to prevent the further
migration of contaminants. A new order was issued in April 1989, requiring an investigation
with the neighboring TRW and Signetics sites. This order did not include AMD Building 915,
which is an adjacent, but separate, NPL site.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system is helping to keep the contaminant levels within acceptable
limits and is preventing the further spread of contaminants while final cleanup solutions are
being planned for the Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. site.
ApriM991 32 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
-------
AEROJET GEN
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980358832
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
Rancho Cordova
The Aerojet General Corp. site covers 8,500 acres near Rancho Cordova, 15 miles east of
Sacramento. Since 1953, Aerojet and its subsidiaries have manufactured liquid and solid
propellant rocket engines for military and commercial applications and have formulated a
number of chemicals, including rocket propellant agents, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and other
industrial chemicals. In addition, the Cordova Chemical Company operated a chemical
manufacturing facility on the Aerojet complex from 1973 to 1979. Both companies disposed of
unknown quantities of hazardous waste chemicals, including trichloroethylene (TCE) and other
chemicals associated with rocket propellants, as well as various chemical processing wastes.
Wastes were disposed of on the site in surface impoundments, landfills, deep injection wells,
leachate fields, directly on the ground, and were burned. Underlying the site are extensive 50-
foot-deep gold dredge tailings, a remnant of past mining operations. The communities
potentially affected by this site are Rancho Cordova, population 43,000; Carmichael, population
43,000; and Sacramento, population 309,000. The closest residence is about 500 feet away from
the site. Groundwater is used extensively throughout the Rancho Cordova area to supply
municipal, domestic, and industrial water. About 16 public and private drinking water supply
wells have been contaminated. Some of these wells have been closed while Aerojet is providing
wellhead treatment to others. Aerojet continues to monitor drinking water supplies to assure
compliance with drinking water standards. The northeastern edge of the site is about 1/2 mile
from the American River. Lake Natoma and Alder Creek are nearby and are used for
recreational activities. The river is used for public water supplies.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and surface water contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such
as TCE, perchloroethylene (PCE), chloroform, and Freon-113. Soils are
contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including antimony, arsenic,
cadmium, and zinc. People who come in direct contact with, drink, or shower
with contaminated groundwater may be at risk. Seeps of organic solvents have
been found on the banks of the American River. These could pose a hazard to
people who use the river for recreational purposes.
33
April!991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: Between 1983 and 1986, six groundwater extraction and treatment
(GET) facilities were installed as a barrier system to prevent further movement of
contaminants off site. The GETs are a series of injection and extraction wells and a
groundwater treatment system built to intercept groundwater as it moves off the facility
boundary. Currently, additional wells are being installed. Studies are underway to improve the
effectiveness of the GETs and to incorporate them into a final remedy at the site.
Entire Site: Under monitoring by the EPA, the State Department of Health Services,
and the Regional Water Quality Control Board, Aerojet began investigating the nature
and extent of groundwater contamination at the site. The first phase of the
investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1994. A second investigation phase is planned,
after which, final measures for groundwater cleanup will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The interim groundwater treatment system currently in operation at the Aerojet General facility
is reducing contaminant levels and is preventing the further spread of the contaminant plume
while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
April1991 34 AEROJET GENERAL CORP.
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APPLIED MATE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD042728840
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Site Description
Applied Materials manufactures deposition equipment used in the semiconductor industry on this
9-acre site in Santa Clara. Monitoring wells on the site indicate the presence of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Contamination is believed to have resulted from leaking pipes leading to
underground tanks associated with an acid neutralization system. This is one of 28 sites in the
South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals,
primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin.
Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup
activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. The area
surrounding the site is used mostly for light industrial, commercial, and residential purposes.
The population of the City of Santa Clara is about 90,000 people. Approximately 300,000
people depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils contain VOCs such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The
contaminants in the groundwater could pose a threat to human health if the
groundwater is used as a source of drinking water in the future. Presently, there
do not appear to be any threats associated with exposure to these contaminants,
because area drinking water wells have not been affected by the contaminant
plume.
35
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1984, Applied Materials installed a system to pump and treat
contaminated groundwater. The system consists of three extraction wells, an extraction
pit, and a dual-column air stripper. In 1985, underground storage tanks and some of the
surrounding soil were excavated, and an excavation pit was constructed. In addition, a downgradient
extraction well and a second deep monitoring well were installed to determine the extent of
contaminant migration. The treated groundwater is discharged to a storm drain system, which flows
into San Tomas Aquino Creek and South San Francisco Bay.
Entire Site: Under supervision by the State, Applied Materials completed an
investigation into the extent of groundwater and soil contamination at the site. In 1990,
the EPA chose to continue using the pump and treat system installed in 1984 to remove
contaminants from the groundwater. Cleanup activities are scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system currently in operation at the Applied Materials site is reducing
contaminant levels and preventing the further spread of the contaminant plume. The system will
continue until cleanup goals are met.
April1991 36 APPLIED MATERIALS
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Site Description
ATI AQ AQRF<%₯f^MmIA EPA REGION 9
A I LA^ A^bt^ lUVimtt^ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980496863
Other Names:
Arroyo Pasejaro
Hollister Resource/Bureau of Land Management
The Adas Asbestos Mine site covers 435 acres near Coalinga. The mine operated from 1963
until 1979 and consists of the asbestos mine, a processing mill, support buildings, and extensive
asbestos mine tailings. During operation, some milling and mining products from Atlas and the
Coalinga Asbestos Mine were transported to the City of Coalinga. In addition, the Coalinga
Asbestos Mine, also listed on the NPL and located about 3 miles away, deposited its milling and
mining products in Coalinga. (For additional information, please see the separate listing for
Coalinga Asbestos Mine). The 107-acre area in the City of Coalinga was operated as an
asbestos milling, manufacturing, storage, and transportation center. It consists of four distinct
areas: the warehouse, which once was a mining waste distribution center and now houses 1,600
cubic yards of mining waste; a storage yard containing asbestos-contaminated stacked pipes; a
shipping yard used as an asbestos distribution center by the Atlas Asbestos Company; and the
U.S. Asbestos Company, which currently stores piles of asbestos-contaminated mining waste.
The Atlas facility drains directly into White Creek, which drains into Los Gatos Creek, a
tributary of the Arroyo Pasejaro, a flood area along the California Aqueduct. A detention basin
was built in the flood plain to store water during heavy runoff and to allow the asbestos-laden
sediment to settle. Sediments carried by floodwaters have silted up the detention basin and have
diminished its storage capacity. As a result, during heavy floods the waters may be released into
the canal through four drain inlets, and asbestos can be carried into the aqueduct. Elevated levels
of asbestos have been found in the aqueduct. However, most of the downstream users of the
aqueduct water are protected by filtration and settling pond systems, which trap most of the
asbestos fibers. The area surrounding the Atlas site is primarily rural. The land is used for
ranching, farming, and recreational activities such as hunting, hiking, camping, and off-road
vehicles. About 10 ranchers live within 5 miles of the site. The closest community is Coalinga,
about 18 miles away, with a population of approximately 8,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
37 April 1991
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Air, surface water, sediments, and soils are contaminated with asbestos. People who
touch, accidentally ingest, or inhale contaminated surface water, sediments, soil, or air
may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the surface
asbestos/mine tailings and the contamination in the City of Coalinga.
Response Action Status
Surface Asbestos/Mine Tailings: The EPA completed investigating the surface
asbestos at the mine, the mine tailings, the ore stockpiles, and the mill in 1991. The
selected remedy for the final cleanup includes diverting the stream flow away from the
mine surfaces and tailing piles by building stream diversions, minimizing the release of sediments
containing asbestos by building sediment trapping dams, stabilizing the slopes of the waste piles by
regrading, and limiting access to the site by erecting fences and placing deed restrictions on private
property at the mine area. The design of the remedy is scheduled to begin in 1992.
City of Coalinga Contaminated Area: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean
up die 107 acres of contamination in the City of Coalinga, resulting from the Atlas and
Coalinga asbestos mines. The remedy includes: (1) excavating and consolidating
approximately 20,000 cubic yards of asbestos, chromium, and nickel-contaminated soil and building
debris; (2) constructing an underground waste management unit (WMU) to contain and dispose of
contaminated soil and waste on site; (3) covering the WMU area with an impermeable cap; (4)
regrading the excavated area; (5) decontaminating the debris; (6) monitoring the soil, groundwater,
and air, and (7) implementing deed restrictions on the use of the land. The parties potentially
responsible for site contamination began cleanup activities under EPA monitoring in 1990 and are
expected to be finished in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of the contaminated area in the City of Coalinga currently is underway. The EPA has
determined that no other immediate actions are needed at the Atlas Asbestos site while final cleanup
remedies for the surface asbestos and mine tailings areas are being planned.
April 1991 38 ATLAS ASBESTOS
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BARSTO
LOGISTI
CALIFORNI
EPA ID# CA8170024261
Site Description
ft&ftl
ORPS
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 37
San Bernardino County
Barstow
Other Names:
Marine Corps Logistics Base - Nebo
Barstow USMC Logistics Base - Nebo
The Barstow Marine Corps Logistics Base site covers 5,687 acres east of Barstow. The site
consists of three areas: Nebo area, Yermo area, and the Rifle Range. The base was established
at the Nebo location in 1942, when the U.S. Navy transferred command to the U.S. Marine
Corps. In 1946, the Yermo area was annexed by the Marines from the U.S. Army. The Rifle
Range was acquired in 1955 and was developed as a facility for the Marines to improve their
marksmanship. The Barstow base has two major functions: providing equipment maintenance,
repair, overhaul and rebuilding; and receiving, storing, maintaining, issuing, and shipping
materials. Consequently, the majority of wastes historically generated by the base have been
vehicle-related and war surplus. Vehicle-related wastes include waste oils, grease, hydraulic
fluids, fuels, battery acids, bilge waters, and antifreeze. Industrial wastes are generated by the
Repair Division while maintaining, rebuilding, or preserving the vehicles. These include
painting, degreasing, metal parts cleaning, and preservation wastes. Some hazardous or
suspected hazardous wastes were contained in war surplus materials received at the base,
including ammunition, various sources of low-level radiation (luminescent dials, watches, and
scopes), and chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, and raw materials. Investigations by the
Marine Corps have found 38 areas of contamination on the base. Approximately 29,000 people
live in the City of Barstow. About 1,300 people use on-site groundwater as a drinking water
source. Groundwater is the only source for domestic, commercial, and industrial water supply,
as well as crop irrigation. The base is located in the central Mojave Desert.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as trichloroethylene
(TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). Soil is contaminated with VOCs, pesticides,
herbicides, heavy metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). People who
accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil
may suffer adverse health effects.
39
April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater, source control, and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: An alternative drinking water supply has been provided for
personnel on the base. One drinking water well is being treated. In 1991,
contaminated sludges in old wastewater lagoons are scheduled to be excavated and
treated.
Groundwater: The Marine Corps is conducting an investigation to determine the
extent and nature of contamination of the groundwater. At its completion, planned for
1993, recommendations for cleanup remedies will be made.
Source Control: The Marine Corps is conducting an investigation to identify
additional sources of contamination throughout the base. The study is expected to be
completed in 1993.
Entire Site: An extensive investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at
the entire site is scheduled to begin in 1991. The Marine Corps is expected to
complete the study in 1995.
Site Facts: The base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded
program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and
control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate drinking water supply to base personnel, the potential for exposure to
contaminants in the groundwater has been greatly reduced while investigations continue and
final cleanup activities are being planned for the Barstow Marine Corps. Logistics Base site.
April 1991 40 BARSTOW MARINE CORPS LOGISTICS BASE
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BECKMAN INS
(PORTERVILLEIPLAN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD048645444
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17
Tulare County
Porterville
The Beckman Instruments (Porterville Plant) site covers approximately 500 acres in Porterville.
The plant itself occupies 12 acres. The company has manufactured printed circuit boards and
electronic instruments parts at the facility since 1968. Wastes generated from these operations
included solvents, acid solutions, and heavy metals. From 1974 until 1983, these wastes were
disposed of in an evaporation pond on site. This pond is the most likely source of groundwater
contamination in the area surrounding the Beckman facility. In addition to the pond, three other
areas where wastes were dumped include the former etchant tank area, the ammonium persulfate
and copper waste discharge area (known as the soil stain area), and the depression area. Liquids
from the pond were first detected in 1978 in a leak detection sump underlying the pond.
Subsequent groundwater monitoring indicated the presence of elevated levels of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Numerous residences are located near the site. In
addition, Porterville College is just east of the site, and downtown Porterville is about 2,000 feet
north of the site. A municipal water supply well is located about 500 feet northwest of the
facility. Approximately 475 people live within a mile of the plant and are affected by the
contaminated groundwater.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
TE
Groundwater contains VOCs such as trichloroethylene (TCE), and Freon-113. Lead
is contaminating the soil. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact
with contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk.
41
April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the pond liquids, liners, and surface soils were
removed and disposed of in a federally approved facility. Beckman installed
groundwater monitoring wells and provided alternate water supplies to about 300
residences affected by the contamination. Between 1983 and 1985, the company connected over
150 of the affected residences to the Porterville municipal water supply system. In 1985,
Beckman installed a groundwater pump and treat system to stop the westward spread of
contaminants in the upper aquifer and to begin cleaning the groundwater. This helped to slow
and eventually halt the migration of the contaminant plume. In 1987, an eastern containment/
reclamation well field was installed. Groundwater from this area is pumped to an on-site air
stripping tower. The treated groundwater from both systems is used for local irrigation or is
diverted to percolation basins east of the facility and near the Tule River. As of January 1990,
groundwater cleanup standards have been achieved in the upper aquifer.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the soils and lower
aquifer areas of the Beckman Instruments site by: (1) extracting the contaminated
groundwater; (2) treating the groundwater by air stripping to remove the contaminants;
(3) releasing the treated groundwater into the aquifer; and (4) excavating the lead-contaminated
soil and disposing of it in a federally approved facility. In 1990, Beckman, under EPA
monitoring, began designing the additional technical specifications for the cleanup. Once the
design phase is completed in 1992, these additional site cleanup activities will begin.
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA and Beckman Instruments signed a Consent Order requiring the
company to clean up the site. Beckman currently is designing cleanup technologies and will
conduct cleanup activities under a Unilateral Administrative Order.
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system operating at the Beckman Instruments site has been effective in
reducing the levels of contamination in the groundwater. The soils contaminated with lead are
scheduled to be removed from the site, which will eliminate the potential for direct exposure to
hazardous materials at the site. The remedies for the remaining components of the cleanup
currently are being designed.
April 1991 42 BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS (PORTERVILLE PLANT)
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BROWN & BR
(ARVIN PLAN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD052384021
Site Description
; INC,
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17
Kern County
Arvin
The Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant) covers about 5 acres in Arvin. The company began
operations in 1960 as a formulator of agricultural chemicals including fertilizers, herbicides,
insecticides, and fumigants. During inspections by State agencies, improper handling and
disposal of hazardous wastes at the facility have been documented. Accidental spills of
pesticides have occurred at the site. In 1979, an evaporation pond was constructed in the
southeastern corner of the site. This pond received pesticide rinse water and surface runoff from
the site. As the result of heavy rains, this pond has overflowed on at least two occasions. The
closest public well is about 1,700 feet south of the site. The public water system supplies
drinking water to approximately 7,800 people and irrigates about 19,600 acres of cropland. The
area surrounding the site is industrial, agricultural, and residential. The Arvin-Edison Water
District maintains six municipal groundwater wells within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Soil contains numerous pesticides such as dinoseb, ethylene dibromide and other
fumigants. The groundwater also is contaminated with pesticides. People who
accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or
soil may be at risk.
43
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In 1988, under the supervision of the State, Brown & Bryant, Inc.
excavated the heavily contaminated soil under the pond and installed a liner. An
additional removal of dinoseb-contaminated soil is scheduled for 1991.
Entire Site: The EPA began an investigation in 1990 to determine a long-term
solution to the groundwater and soil contamination problems. The investigation is
expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: Under orders from the State, Brown & Bryant, Inc. conducted a limited
investigation of the site and removed some of the contaminated soil. However, in 1989, the firm
went out of business, leaving the EPA and the State to solve the remaining contamination
problems.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the heavily contaminated soil has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials while the EPA and the State are conducting extensive investigations of the Brown &
Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant) site.
April 1991 44 BROWN & BRYANT, INC. (ARVIN PLANT)
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CAMP PENDLETON
MARINE COR
BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2170023533
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 40
San Diego County
Other Names:
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Camp Pendleton PCS Spill
Site Description
The Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base site covers 125,000 acres in San Diego County. The
base provides housing, training, and logistical and administrative support for the Fleet Marine
Force units. Past disposal practices have contaminated the groundwater and soil. In an initial
investigation, the Marine Corps found nine areas of contamination. Waste generation operations
at this site include maintenance and repair of vehicles (trucks, tanks, and aircraft); landfill
operations; waste disposal areas, such as scrap yards; and firefighting drill areas. The base
contains wetlands, streams, and rivers, which feed into the Pacific Ocean. This land is the only
remaining undeveloped area between Los Angeles and San Diego.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), spent oils, fuels, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, metals
and herbicides. Though groundwater provides drinking water to the entire
installation, the current drinking water supply does not violate the drinking water
standards.
45
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of soils;
landfills, surface impoundments, and groundwater, and other soils and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Soils: In 1990, the Marine Corps began an investigation to determine the full extent
of contamination of the soil in areas where data are already available. Once this
investigation is completed in 1993, final cleanup measures will be recommended.
Landfills, Surface Impoundments, and Groundwater: Also in 1990, the
Marine Corps began an investigation of the type and extent of contamination in the
landfills, surface impoundments, and groundwater. Once this investigation is
completed, planned for 1994, final cleanup measures will be recommended for addressing the
groundwater contamination.
Other Soils and Groundwater: The nature and extent of contamination of soils
and groundwater on the site where data are not yet available is the subject of a study
started in 1990 by the Marine Corps. The investigation is scheduled to be completed
in 1994, after which the final cleanup remedy for these areas will be selected.
Site Facts: Camp Pendleton is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially
funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD
facilities.
Environmental Progress
After listing the site on the NPL, preliminary investigations showed that no immediate actions
are required at the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base while investigations continue and
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 46 CAMP PENDLETON MARINE CORPS BASE
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CASTLE AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA3570024551
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Merced County
Atwater
The Castle Air Force Base site comprises 2,777 acres and is adjacent to Atwater. This installation
originally began as an Army base in 1941 and was used as an aircrew training facility. The Strategic
Air Command assumed responsibility for the base in 1946. Since the mid-1940s, aircraft
maintenance, fuel management, and fire training activities on the base have generated wastes that
consist primarily of waste fuels, oils, solvents, and cleaners. Base activities also have generated
lesser amounts of paint and plating wastes. Until 1977, bulk wastes such as solvents, oils, fuels, and
sludges were disposed of by the Air Force in pits at landfills around the base. Fuel and waste oils
were incinerated by the Air Force during fire training exercises. The Air Force ceased disposal of
hazardous waste on site in 1977, and there is only one remaining active landfill on the base.
Investigations are proceeding at multiple areas of contamination including landfills, discharge areas,
chemical disposal pits, fire training areas, fuel spill areas and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) spill
areas. An estimated 12,210 persons work at the base. The primary base housing area is Castle
Gardens, located immediately to the southwest of the base. Approximately 6,000 people obtain their
drinking water from both municipal and private wells located near the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
II
Shallow groundwater in the Main Base and the North, East, and West Flightline areas is
contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene. Soils in the Main Base, the
East Sector, and the West Flightline Sectors are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene. Off-base housing
areas are contaminated with low levels of VOCs. Base employees and residents could be
exposed to site-related contaminants by accidentally ingesting or coming into direct
contact with contaminated soil. Because groundwater is used by local farmers to irrigate
crops, area residents also could be exposed to airborne concentrations of TCE in dusts.
47
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions, one interim action concerning the
shallow aquifer, and three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of Disposal Area-4 and
Wallace Road, the off-base groundwater and sub-shallow aquifers, and the entire base.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Air Force installed two deep wells in 1988 to replace TCE-
contaminated water supplies: one for the City of Atwater and one to meet on-base needs.
The Air Force also constructed a granular activated carbon filtration system to treat TCE-
contaminated groundwater in 1989. Prior to the installation of these filters, the Air Force supplied
area residents with bottled water. The Air Force has begun removing contaminated materials from
Disposal Area-4 and Wallace Road, a residential area.
Shallow Aquifer: In 1989, an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination
of the shallow aquifer was begun. The investigation is expected to be completed in late
1991 and will result in an interim cleanup action.
Disposal Area-4 and Wallace Road: The investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at Disposal Area-4 and Wallace Road, a residential area, is
underway. The investigation is expected to be completed in 1991.
Off-Base Groundwater and Sub-Shallow Aquifers: The investigation to
determine the nature and extent of contamination in the off-base groundwater and sub-
shallow aquifers in underway. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Entire Base: The study into the nature and extent of contamination at the base and the
most effective methods for addressing it began in 1989. The base-wide investigation is
scheduled to be completed in 1994.
Site Facts: Castle Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
The site has been placed on the Base Closure List. It is expected to be closed within the next 5
years.
Environmental Progress
By supplying the on-base and local residents affected by groundwater contamination with a safe
drinking water supply, installing a groundwater filtration system, as well as removing contaminated
materials, the Air Force has greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials from
drinking water supplies and soil while extensive investigations into the areas of contamination at the
Castle Air Force Base site are taking place.
April 1991 48 CASTLE AIR FORCE BASE
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CELTOR
CHEMICAL
WORKS
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980638860
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Humboldt County
Hoopa
Other Names:
Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation
The 2-acre Celtor Chemical Works site, located in the northern Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation, is
a former ore concentrating facility that processed sulfide ore for copper, zinc, and precious metal
extraction. The Hoopa Valley Indian Tribe, the site's owner, leased the land in 1958 to the Celtor
Chemical Corporation. From 1958 until 1962, copper, zinc, and precious metals were recovered on
site from sulfide ore mined and trucked to Celtor from the nearby Copper Bluff Mine. In 1962,
Celtor Chemical Corporation abandoned the site, and mine tailings generated from the milling
operations were left on site. These tailings, along with non-specific releases of processed ore, were
thought to be the cause of the acidic surface water runoff and elevated metals concentrations in the
soils throughout the site. The site consists of the plant, an adjacent pasture used for grazing
livestock, a gully connecting the plant and the Trinity River, a drainage creek that collects surface
runoff and carries it into the Trinity River, and a fishing access road that is heavily used by local
residents. There are about 900 people living within 3 miles of the site. The Trinity River, which
supports the only fish resources for the Hoopa Indians, flows through the center of the reservation
and near the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, copper, lead, cadmium, and
zinc. Potential health threats to people included accidental ingestion or inhalation of
contaminated soil and dust generated by wind.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
49
April 1991
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA excavated several hundred cubic yards of
visibly contaminated materials. This material included tailings, non-concrete structures,
and a portion of the pasture adjacent to the site. The main portion of the site was fenced,
and the access road was covered with gravel. The flow of several springs was diverted away from
contaminated areas and into a nearby creek emptying into the Trinity River.
Entire Site: From 1987 to 1989, the EPA excavated an additional 1,400 cubic yards of
contaminated soils from the site and disposed of them off site at an EPA-approved
hazardous waste disposal facility. All site cleanup activities have been completed, and the
process for deletion of the site from the NPL has been initiated.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has completed all actions for the cleanup of surface contamination at the Celtor Chemical
site. The EPA, in conjunction with the State, has determined that the site has now met human health
and environmental goals and currently is in the process of deleting the site from the NPL. Further
monitoring will be conducted to ensure the continued effectiveness of the remedies.
April 1991
50
CELTOR CHEMICAL WORKS
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COALINGA AS
MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980817217
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
17 miles northwest of Coalinga
Other Names:
Johns-Manville Asbestos Company
Southern Pacific Land Company/Coalinga
Arroyo Pasajero Regional Asbestos Study
The Coalinga Asbestos Mine site covers 557 acres near Coalinga. The mill was operated by the
Coalinga Asbestos Company (a joint venture between the Johns-Manville Sales Corporation, the
Kern County Land Company, and private investors) from 1962 to 1974, when the mill property
reverted to die Southern Pacific Land Company (SPLC). SPLC leased the facility to the Marmac
Resource Company for chromite mining in 1975. All operations ceased in 1977. The site
consists of partially demolished mill buildings and a process waste mine tailings pile that
occupies about 20 acres. Two large open-pit mines are located above the mill site and were used
as the sources of ore for the Coalinga Asbestos Company milling operations. While the mill was
operating, some milling and mining products from Coalinga and from the Atlas Asbestos Mine,
located about 3 miles away, were transported to the City of Coalinga. Because these two mines
contributed to the contamination of a 107-acre area in Coalinga, the contamination in Coalinga
also is being cleaned up. (For additional information, please see the separate listing for Atlas
Asbestos Mine.) The area surrounding the Coalinga Asbestos Mine is primarily rural. The land
is used for ranching, farming, and recreational activities such as hunting. About 10 ranchers live
within 5 miles of the site. The closest community is Coalinga, about 14 miles away. The town
has a population of approximately 8,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Ah*, soils, sediments, and surface water contain asbestos. People who come into
direct contact with, accidentally ingest, or inhale contaminated surface water,
sediments, soil, or air may be at risk.
51
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the Coalinga
Asbestos Mines and the City of Coalinga contaminated area.
Response Action Status
Coalinga Asbestos Mines: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially
responsible for contamination at the Coalinga Asbestos Mines investigated the type
and extent of contamination. The final cleanup remedy was selected in 1991 and
includes diverting the stream flow away from the tailings pile by building a cross canyon stream
diversion, minimizing the release of asbestos into a nearby creek by improving the existing
sediment trapping dam, paving the road through the Mill Area to suppress dust, dismantling the
mill building and disposing of the debris, and limiting access to the site by erecting a fence and
placing deed restrictions on the property. The design of the remedy is .expected to begin in late
1991.
City of Coalinga Contaminated Area: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to
clean up the 107 acres of contamination in the City of Coalinga, which resulted from
the Atlas and Coalinga asbestos mines. The remedy includes: (1) excavating and
consolidating approximately 20,000 cubic yards of asbestos, chromium, and nickel-contaminated
soil and building debris; (2) constructing an underground waste management unit (WMU) to
contain and dispose of contaminated soil and waste on site; (3) covering the WMU area with an
impermeable cap; (4) regrading the excavated area; (5) decontaminating the debris; (6)
monitoring the soil, groundwater, and air; and (7) implementing deed restrictions on the use of
the land. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination began cleanup activities in
1990, under EPA guidance. The area is expected to be cleaned up by 1991.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup activities designed to remove contaminants from the environment at the City of
Coalinga Contaminated Area are underway and have begun making the area safer. The selection
of a permanent cleanup remedy for the Coalinga Asbestos Mine site was made in 1991, with the
design of the remedy scheduled to begin soon.
April! 991 52 COALINGA ASBESTOS MINE
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COAST WOOD
PRESERVING
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD063015887
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Mendocino County
3 miles south of Ukiah
Coast Wood Preserving is an active wood treatment facility located on 8 acres, 3 miles south of
Ukiah. Since 1971, the Coast Wood facility has used a solution of sodium dichromate, copper
sulfate, and arsenic acid to pressure-treat and preserve wood products. Over the years of the
facility's operation, dripping and spillage of this chemical solution have contaminated soil and
groundwater on and off site. The Town of Ukiah has a population of about 13,300 people.
There are two duplexes, two bunk houses, and six motel units within 1/2 mile of the site. The
motel units are used to house seasonal workers at a nearby packing facility. The land near the
site is used for timber-related facilities, sewage treatment, pear orchards, and business and
commercial facilities. The groundwater in the area supplies municipal, domestic, and
agricultural water. Portions of the site are located over two streams at a point 1/2 mile upstream
from where they meet the Russian River. The river also supplies municipal, domestic, and
agricultural water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Dale: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with heavy metals including chromium,
arsenic, and copper. Potential health threats to people include drinking and direct
contact with on- and off-site runoff and contaminated groundwater used for
potable or agricultural purposes. Since the areas of contaminated soil are covered
with pavement, no direct contact with contaminated soil is expected. Public
access to the site is prevented by a security fence that is locked after business
hours.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
53
April 1991
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Response Action Status
immediate Actions: In 1983, Coast Wood began pumping out the contaminated
groundwater plume and storing it on site. Subsequently, the company constructed a slurry
wall and an interceptor trench to prevent the off-site migration of contaminated
groundwater. A groundwater extraction well was installed to pump the contaminated groundwater,
and an injection well was constructed downgradient from the site, into which Coast Wood will inject
clean treated water. Other activities included grading and construction of berms to prevent surface
water runoff from the operations area.
Entire Site: The selected cleanup technologies to address soil and groundwater
contamination include: (1) paving over soils to prevent water penetration; (2) on-site
treatment of contaminated soils after closure of the site; (3) deed restrictions on future use
of the site property; (4) groundwater plume control through pumping and treating groundwater, and
(5) continued groundwater monitoring. Cleanup of the soils will occur when the facility closes.
Coast Wood, under EPA and State monitoring, is designing the technical specifications for the
selected remedy. The design phase is expected to be completed in late 1991.
Site Facts: In 1981, the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board issued an order
requiring Coast Wood Preserving to establish measures to stop releases of toxic waste. Later that
year, the company was referred to the Board for violation of the order. The Court subsequently
issued an injunction, requiring that the company perform the site cleanup. It was determined later
that Coast Wood was in non-compliance with the injunction.
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system and the construction of a slurry wall and berms have been effective in
controlling the spread of the groundwater contamination, thereby reducing the potential for exposure
to hazardous materials at the Coast Wood Preserving site. The remedies for final site cleanup have
been selected, and the technical specifications are being designed.
April 1991 54 COAST WOOD PRESERVING
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CRAZY HORSE
SANITARY LAN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498455
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Monterey County
Salinas
Site Description
The 125-acre Crazy Horse Sanitary Landfill site has operated as a sanitary landfill since 1950.
Prior to 1950, the site was used as an open burning dump for approximately 20 years. The
landfill is owned by the City of Salinas and is operated by Salinas Disposal Services. The
facility currently receives approximately 162,000 tons of refuse a year and is expected to remain
in operation until at least 1999. In 1977, the landfill received a permit from the State allowing it
to accept various wastes. Some pesticide containers have been disposed of at the facility.
Reportedly, from the early 1970s to 1982, the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company disposed of
large quantities of waste on the site from its vulcanizing process, which included rubber, carbon
black, and other fillers, oils, and mixed solvents. This material consisted of wastes containing
mainly benzene and toluene. Off-site properties with contaminated wells were purchased by the
City of Salinas in 1987. Since 1987, Pacific Energy has operated and maintained a gas collection
system and an electric generating plant on the site. Land surrounding the site is used for
residential and agricultural purposes. Approximately 6,200 people obtain drinking water from
private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, municipal, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Air and groundwater on site are polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and carbon tetrachloride. Potential human health threats include drinking, coming
into direct contact with, and inhaling contaminated groundwater and groundwater
vapors. Concentrations of contaminants in air are not high enough to pose a
significant health concern.
55
Aprill 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Approximately 6 acres of the landfill were closed in 1988 and were
covered with a high density polyethylene membrane and 2 feet of soil. Dewatered,
digested, sewage sludge was placed on top of the area to augment revegetation. The
southeastern edge of the area was lined with bales of straw to retard surface water runoff. The
City also pumped water from wells in an attempt to stabilize the groundwater contamination. Six
extraction wells initially were installed as an interim measure, followed by the installation of 17
additional wells to completely capture the migrating plume. Adjacent residential wells either
were permanently sealed or were converted into extraction or monitoring wells. Contaminated
water is pumped from the extraction wells and is treated by air stripping. Treated water is stored
in collection tanks and then is either reinjected into the ground through 27 recharge wells or used
for dust control.
Entire Site: The EPA plans to begin an investigation into the nature and extent of air
and groundwater contamination at the site in 1992. The investigation will define the
contaminants and will identify alternative technologies for final air and groundwater
cleanup. The investigation is planned to be completed in 1994.
Environmental Progress
Covering portions of the landfill and installing a groundwater treatment system have greatly
reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Crazy Horse Landfill site
while studies leading to final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 56 CRAZY HORSE SANITARY LANDFILL
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CIS PRINTEXXNC
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009212838
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Site Description
CTS Printex, Inc. manufactured printed circuit boards on this 5 1/2-acre site from 1966 until
1985. The facility used a wet and dry process to manufacture the circuit boards. The wet
process occurred in the "wet-floor" building, where process water containing heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discharged to the floor drains and ultimately into a
neutralization sump. The plant received a license from the City of Mountain View that allowed
the sump to discharge into the City's sewer system. The facility also generated other waste
solvents that were disposed of off site. Data from environmental monitoring shows that the soils
under the "wet-floor" are contaminated with copper and lead. Also, groundwater on and off site
is contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals from discharges to the "wet-floor" and the
neutralization sump. Approximately 61,000 people live in the City of Mountain View. More
than 188,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and use groundwater from municipal wells as
one source of drinking water. Permanente Creek is located 400 feet from the site. This creek
and all surface water in the area discharge to San Francisco Bay, 2 1/2 miles north of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, municipal, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on and off site contains VOCs and heavy metals including lead and
copper. Soils on site are contaminated with lead and copper. People who occupy the
"wet-floor" building in the future could be exposed to hazardous chemicals if they
inhale gases from the contaminated soils under it, especially if they are in a confined
space.
57
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the company excavated 255 cubic yards of soil under the
building, decontaminated the building, and sent the wastes to an approved storage facility
for hazardous wastes. The company also excavated the neutralization system between
1985 and 1986 and backfilled the area with gravel, clay, and asphalt. Three on-site, and one off-site,
extraction wells have been pumping groundwater since 1987 and discharging it to Mountain View's
sanitary sewer system, under a permit from the City. Three additional off-site extraction wells began
pumping in 1989.
Entire Site: Under the State's oversight, the company started a study of the nature and
extent of contamination at the site in 1989. The State will use the results of this study to
evaluate and make recommendations on methods for addressing the remaining site
contamination. The study is scheduled for completion in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1987 and 1989, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued Cleanup
and Abatement Orders that required the company to be more expeditious and thorough in its schedule
for cleaning up the site.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and disposal of contaminated soil, the installation of the neutralization system, and
the operation of the groundwater extraction system have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the CTS Printex site while studies are taking place and final cleanup
activities are being planned.
ApriM991 58 CTS PRINTEX, INC.
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DEL NORTE
PESTICIDE
STORAGE
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD000626176
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Del Norte County
1 mile northwest of Crescent City
Other Names:
Del Norte County
Department of Agriculture
Del Norte County Airport
The Del Norte County Pesticide Storage Area site operated from 1970 until 1981, accepting
containers from local agricultural and forestry related industries. The site was intended to be an
interim or emergency storage area for pesticide containers, which previously had been triple-rinsed
and punctured. Wastes and rinse water were improperly disposed of in a sump. Approximately
1,600 drums that had held the wastes and rinse water were recovered and recycled by the County
Agricultural Department. This site is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, State-owned land, residences,
and farmland. Private wells supply the domestic water to the area, and 4 wells are located within
2,500 feet of the site. Approximately 250 people live within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil were found to be contaminated with various pesticides and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). People may face a health threat if they come in
direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated soil or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
59
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, the EPA removed 300 cubic yards of contaminated soils
that were considered to be the source of groundwater contamination. An air stripping
groundwater treatment system was constructed in 1989 and has been successfully stripping
the pesticide DCP from the groundwater prior to discharge to the municipal waste treatment system.
The system has been operating continuously since 1990. In 1991, operations temporarily were
halted as workers repaired a discharge pipe that had been suffering from freeze damage.
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a cleanup alternative for the entire site that
included: excavation and off-site disposal of the remaining contaminated soils from the
sump and trench areas, extraction of contaminated groundwater, treatment of contaminated
groundwater by coagulation and sand filtration technologies, piping treated groundwater to the
county sewer main, and groundwater monitoring. Site conditions that led to the EPA's original
decision to treat the contaminated groundwater with coagulation and filtration techniques have
changed. The concentration of pesticides has fallen due to the removal of the source of
contamination, high rainfall rates, volatilization, and biodegradation. Instead, groundwater treatment
continues through air stripping techniques initiated in 1990. As of 1991, approximately 8 million
gallons of contaminated groundwater have been treated and discharged. Completion of groundwater
treatment is expected in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and the installation and operation of the groundwater treatment
system have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Del Norte
Pesticide Storage site while cleanup actions are continuing.
April 1991 60 DEL NORTE PESTICIDE STORAGE
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EDWARDS AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA1570024504
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 29
Kern County
Near Lancaster
Other Names:
Edwards AFB Rocket Engine Test Area
Site Description
Edwards Air Force Base covers approximately 301,000 acres and is used for aircraft research and
development. The Main/South Base at the western edge of Rogers Dry Lake is used primarily for
maintaining and refueling aircraft. Large amounts of fuel have been spilled, and poor disposal
practices have resulted in the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the ground. Other
contaminated areas include an abandoned sanitary landfill containing heavy metals and an area
where electroplating wastes were dumped. The North Base, 5 miles northeast of the Main Base area,
has a drum storage site at the northern end of Rogers Dry Lake and three unlined surface
impoundments where wastes were poured during the 1960s and 1970s. A total of eight sites are
being studied to confirm the presence of contaminants. The 13,800 employees at Edwards Air Force
Base obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the Main/South Base.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils have been contaminated with various VOCs. People may face a
health risk by drinking contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire base, the Main Base and the flightline, and the South Base.
61
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, drums and contaminated soil in a drum disposal area
were removed, and the site was capped. In addition, contaminants at the Main Base toxic
waste disposal area were removed, and the site was regraded. In the South Base storage
area, tanks were excavated or filled with clean sand, and the area was regraded. In 1989, a
groundwater/fuel separation system was installed and was placed in operation. The system was
designed for the extraction of jet fuel from the groundwater. It was shut down when
trichloroethylene (TCE) was discovered in the fuel. Methods for separating TCE from the fuel area
now being sought in order to re-start the fuel extraction system.
Entire Base: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination currently is
underway. The investigation is scheduled for completion in 1999 and will conclude with
recommendations for the final cleanup of the site.
Main Base/Flightline: An investigation started in 1990 and is addressing this area of
contamination. It is scheduled to be completed in 1996.
South Base: The Air Force is planning to begin investigations of the South Base in
1992. The South Base was abandoned and almost completely demolished in the 1960s.
The study of the nature and extent of contamination in this area is scheduled to be
completed in 1998.
Site Facts: Edwards Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums, tanks, and contaminated soils has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
hazardous substances at the Edwards Air Force Base site while studies are taking place and cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991 62 EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE
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EL TORO MA
CORPS AIR
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA6170023208
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 40
Orange County
El Toro
The El Toro Marine Corps Air Station covers approximately 4,700 acres. Commissioned in
1943, it supports the Fleet Marine Forces in the Pacific Ocean, serving as the major west coast
jet fighter facility. A total of 22 potentially contaminated areas have been identified on the Air
Station, including four landfills containing both hazardous and solid waste; buried drums of
explosives and low-level radioactive waste; and areas where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
battery acids, leaded fuels, and other hazardous substances were dumped or spilled. The Orange
County Water District has identified volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination in
groundwater over a 3-mile radius off base. There are plumes of contamination at or near the
base boundary. Approximately 1,100 acres of land are irrigated by wells within 3 miles of the
site. However, none of these wells are drinking water sources. Surface water flows to the Upper
Newport Bay Ecological Reserve, about 8 miles from the base.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
The landfill is contaminated with PCBs, VOCs, acids, fuels, oils, pesticides,
heavy metals, and radioactive waste. VOCs have been detected in groundwater.
No drinking water sources have been contaminated. Crops are being watered
from VOC-contaminated irrigation wells.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater, identification of the source of VOC contamination, and cleanup of abandoned
wastewater treatment lines and tanks.
63
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Groundwater: An investigation into the extent and type of groundwater contamination
began in 1990. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1993 and will identify
alternative approaches for the final cleanup of the site.
Source of VOC Contamination: In 1990, the El Toro Marine Corps began a study to
identify the source of VOC contamination at the site. The investigation is expected to be
completed in 1994.
Abandoned Wastewater Treatment Lines and Tanks: In late 1991, the El Toro
Marine Corps is scheduled to start a study on the nature and extent of contamination
caused by abandoned wastewater treatment lines and leaking tanks. The study is planned
to be completed in 1995.
Site Facts: El Toro Marine Corps Air Station is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD
facilities.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the El Toro Marine Corps site while studies take
place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 64 EL TORO MARINE CORPS AIR STATION
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FAIRCHIL
SEMICON
CORP. (MOU
VIEW PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID* CAD095989778
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Other Names:
Fail-child Hazardous Waste Storage Facility
Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp.
(Mountain View Plant)
Site Description
The 56-acre Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (Mountain View Plant) facility manufactures
semiconductors and is located in an area referred to as the Middlefield-Ellis-Whisman (MEW)
Study Area. The MEW Study Area is comprised of facilities currently owned or operated by 17
companies, including three Superfund sites: Fairchild Semiconductor Corp., Intel Corp., and
Raytheon. The area supports numerous light industries involved in the manufacture of
semiconductors, metal-finishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft maintenance, aerospace
research and development, missile construction, distribution of petroleum products, dry cleaning,
and other chemical-use and storage operations. Fourteen potential sources of contamination
have been identified in the Fairchild facility, including underground and aboveground storage
tanks for chemical products and wastes, pH neutralization systems, and industrial wastewater
treatment systems. Approximately 270,000 people depend on wells within 3 miles of the site for
drinking water. Approximately 116,000 residents live within a 3-mile radius.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 02/11/91
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), freon,
isopropyl alcohol, and heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel.
Soils were found to be contaminated with VOCs. People may face a health threat if
they inhale vapors from contaminated groundwater or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater or soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the shallow aquifer and deep aquifer.
65
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Initial cleanup actions included tank removals from the site, soil
removal and treatment, sealing of affected wells, and control of groundwater
movement by installing 3 slurry walls and 21 groundwater extraction wells.
Shallow Aquifer: In 1989, the following remedies were selected to address
contamination in the shallow aquifer: in-place vapor extraction with treatment of
contaminated soil found within the Fairchild and Raytheon slurry walls; limited soil
excavation and treatment by aeration for some areas outside of the slurry walls, with on-site
disposal of residues in the excavated area; and groundwater pumping and treating using air
stripping. In 1991, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination began designing the
selected remedy. Cleanup activities are scheduled to begin in 1992.
Deep Aquifer: In 1989, the following remedies were selected to address
contamination in the deep aquifer: sealing of any conduit or potential conduits to
protect the deep aquifer and groundwater monitoring. The parties potentially
responsible for site contamination are scheduled to begin design of the selected remedy in 1991,
with actual cleanup slated to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination. As a result of this Order, the potentially
responsible parties must pay for or perform site cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil and the installation of slurry walls and extraction
wells have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated groundwater and soil at the
Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. site while cleanup technologies are being designed.
April 1991 66 FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
(MOUNTAIN VIEW PLANT)
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FAIRCHILD
SEMICONOBCT
CORP. (SOUT
SAN JOSE PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD097012298
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
San Jose
Other Names:
Fail-child Camera and Instrument Corporation
Schlumberger Technology Corporation
The 22-acre Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (South San Jose Plant) site is a former
semiconductor manufacturing facility. Operations were conducted at the site from 1977 until
1983. Manufacturing operations required the use and storage of industrial solvents. In 1981,
Fairchild discovered that an underground organic solvent waste tank had failed, resulting in soil
and on- and off-site groundwater contamination by a mixture of solvents. Contamination
exceeding drinking water standards was discovered in a public drinking water supply well
located approximately 1,800 feet downgradient from the site. The well subsequently was
destroyed and sealed. Fairchild has been investigating and cleaning up soil and groundwater
pollution at the facility since contamination was first detected in 1981. This is one of 28 sites in
the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic
chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which contaminated a common groundwater
basin. Although these sites are listed separately, the EPA intends to combine cleanup activities
at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. The City of San Jose
has a population of approximately 629,000. The Great Oaks Water Company provides potable
water to 18,500 connections in southern San Jose, including the site area. Potable water is
obtained from groundwater production wells, several of which are located in the area adjacent to
and downgradient from the site. There are 25 known private wells in the area surrounding the
site. All but three of these wells have been sealed or properly abandoned. Of these wells, two
are used for agricultural irrigation, and one is used by Fairchild as a monitoring well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil have been contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The threat of direct contact with contaminants in soil has
been eliminated.
67
ApriM991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Fairchild implemented several cleanup actions that have decreased
the extent and magnitude of groundwater contamination in the area. In 1981, a leaking
tank was removed. In 1982, 3,440 cubic yards of contaminated soils were removed.
Since 1982, a series of on- and off-site groundwater extraction wells have been operating to
control the migration of groundwater contaminants. In 1983, wells in several aquifers that
provided potential pathways for contaminant migration to the C Aquifer were sealed. A slurry
wall was constructed around the perimeter of the site in 1986 to help contain on-site
contaminants within the A and B aquifers.
Entire Site: In 1989, the following cleanup remedies were selected: (1) treating
contaminated on-site soil using a vapor extraction process; (2) pumping on-site
shallow groundwater and off-site groundwater and treatment using air stripping and
carbon adsorption, followed by on-site reinjection of the treated groundwater, (3) pumping deep
groundwater from off-site wells, followed by air stripping and discharging to surface water using
storm drains, or reuse of the groundwater for road construction and irrigation; (4) conducting
laboratory and field studies of the effectiveness of biodegradation of on-site chemicals; (5)
implementing deed restrictions to limit groundwater and land use; and (6) groundwater
monitoring. All actions are underway.
Site Facts: In response to a Unilateral Order from the State, Fairchild is taking action to
contain and reduce the contaminated groundwater plume.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, the operation of the groundwater extraction system, and the
installation of the slurry wall have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
substances at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. site while final cleanup activities are being
completed.
April 1991 68 FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
(SOUTH SAN JOSE PLANT)
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FIRESTONE
RUBBER C
(SALINAS PL
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD990793887
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Monterey County
6 miles southeast of Salinas
The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (Salinas Plant) site consists of a 43-acre former tire
manufacturing plant on 256 acres of land. The site is an industrial park containing warehouses.
Firestone operated a tire manufacturing plant on the site from 1965 to 1980. Production
chemicals apparently were spilled during the manufacturing process. The major chemical types
and raw materials that were used at the plant include carbon, rubber, processing oil, zinc oxide,
solvents, anti-oxidants, steel wire, and petroleum fuels. Solid and hazardous wastes from the
manufacturing processes were disposed in off-site facilities. Aqueous industrial wastes and
domestic wastewater were treated at two on-site treatment plants. In 1980, Firestone received a
permit to store hazardous wastes. Seventy-nine drums were stored on site on a concrete pad.
Flammable liquids were in 52 of these drums, and 27 drums contained corrosive liquids. In
1981, these drums were removed to a licensed disposal site. The contamination at the site was
first discovered in 1983, during the plant closing. In 1983, 20 monitoring wells were installed
for groundwater investigations, and soil samples were taken. An estimated 400 wells have been
identified in the area. Approximately 120 people reside within a 1-mile radius of the site, and
14,000 people live within a 4-mile radius.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
People may face a health threat by drinking, coming in direct contact with, or inhaling
vapors from contaminated groundwater.
69
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: From 1983 to 1984, contaminated soil was removed, soil capping was
performed in 1984 and 1985, and on- and off-site shallow aquifers were treated in 1986
and 1987.
Entire Site: In 1989, the California Department of Health Services and the EPA
announced the approval of a cleanup plan. The plan calls for Firestone to install five new
extraction wells to extract groundwater from the intermediate aquifer and to continue
pumping from the wells located in the shallow aquifer. The extracted groundwater will continue to
be processed by the existing treatment plant before being discharged into the Salinas River. The
aquifers will continue to be monitored during and after cleanup activities. The potentially
responsible parties have begun cleanup activities, which are scheduled for completion in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal and capping of the contaminated soil and the extraction and treatment of contaminated
groundwater in the shallow aquifer have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
soil and groundwater at the Firestone Tire & Rubber site while final cleanup activities are taking
place.
April 1991
70
FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER CO.
(SALINAS PLANT)
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FORT ORD /fc\ ffn EPA REGION 9
win xxi IE^ V*^ VW CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA7210020676
Site Description
The 29,440-acrc Fort Ord site was established in 1917 by the U.S. Army as a maneuver area and
field artillery target range. Presently, the base's primary mission is training of military
personnel. Chemicals and hazardous wastes were disposed of at Fort Ord. Currently, hazardous
wastes are stored at on-site facilities before they are transported and disposed of off site. There
are several areas of contamination on site. One of these areas includes three inactive landfills
that once were used to dispose of residential and commercial waste. The facility contained
leaking hazardous waste tanks, containers of waste oil and various automotive chemicals,
chemical storage areas, an oil-water separator, and fueling stations. Another area of on-site
contamination is the 14th Engineers Motor Pool. Approximately 5,000 underground fuel tanks,
drums of waste oil and other wastes, and sand pits in which waste oil, liquid wastes, and battery
acid were disposed of at this area. Fuels were placed into unlined pits and subsequently
percolated through the subsurface soil. The Army conducted a preliminary assessment of the site
in 1983. Additional areas of contamination have been identified by the U.S. Army, including:
the 519th Maintenance Complex; Open Detonation Area Range 36A; Main Garrison Sewage
Treatment Plant; 1600 Area Motor Pool Complex; 3800 Area Motor Pool Complex; 3700 Area
Motor Pool Complex; Old DEH Yard; AAFES Main Service Station; Old DRMO Facility; and
AAFES Cleaners. The local population at Fort Ord (including both civilian and military
personnel and their dependents) is approximately 30,000. Approximately 38,600 people obtain
drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The Salinas River alluvial basin, El Toro
Creek, and Monterey Bay border the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal actions.
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals, fuel hydrocarbons,
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Contaminants have been detected in
groundwater samples collected from Fort Ord and Monterey County Water District
water supply wells. On-site soils in the area of the Maintenance Facility, Engineers
Motor Pool, the Cannibalization Area, which was used for stripping used equipment,
and the Fire Drill Burn Pit areas have been contaminated with chemicals that have
spilled onto the ground. As a result, on-site workers as well as employees of the Fort
71 April 1991
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Ord Army base could be exposed to site-related contaminants when coming into direct contact with
these contaminated soils. Should site-related contaminants migrate off site through the soils or
groundwater, the Salinas River, El Toro Creek, and Monterey Bay could be affected.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the Fritzsche Army Airfield practice fire pit, and the Fort Ord
Landfill.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The U.S. Army initiated an investigation into the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination and the most effective methods to address it.
Preliminary findings showed an additional area of contamination known as the Fritzsche
Army Airfield practice fire pit. The Army installed a groundwater and soil treatment system that
became operational in 1988. The contaminated groundwater is treated using carbon adsorption. A
mixture of treated groundwater and necessary nutrients is sprayed on the contaminated soil adjacent
to the groundwater treatment plant to facilitate the treatment of the soil.
Entire Site: In 1990, the Army began further investigations into the nature and extent of
soil and groundwater contamination on and off site, as well as any ecological or health
threats that may be present. The Army expects to complete this investigation in 1997.
Fritzsche Army Airfield Practice Fire Pit: An investigation into the nature and extent
of contamination in the Fritzsche Army Airfield practice fire pit began in 1990. It is
scheduled to be completed in 1993, after which the final cleanup remedy for this area will
be selected.
Fort Ord Landfill: Groundwater and soil contamination originating from the landfill are
the focus of an investigation started in 1990 by the U.S. Army. The study will result in
recommended alternatives for cleaning up the affected areas. The study is expected to be
completed in 1993.
Site Facts: Fort Ord is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded
program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and
control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities. In 1990, Fort
Ord signed an Interagency Agreement with the EPA and the State of California to address
contamination on and off site.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
groundwater while studies leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place at
the Fort Ord site.
April 1991 72 FORT ORD
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FRESNO MUNICI
SANITARY LAND
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980636914
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
Fresno
The 130-acre Fresno Municipal Sanitary Landfill site was owned and operated by the City of
Fresno from 1935, under a permit issued by the State, until it was closed in 1989. The landfill
was used for the disposal of domestic and municipal trash. While conducting tests in 1983, the
California Department of Health Services (CDHS) found methane gas had migrated from the
landfill to the surrounding areas. These tests also concluded that contaminated groundwater has
migrated off site to several private residential wells located nearby. The City of Fresno installed
monitoring wells around the landfill perimeter in 1984. Subsequent tests indicated that volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) were present in groundwater taken from wells at the edge of the
landfill. Monitoring wells upgradient of the site have been found to be contaminated. Sampling
of groundwater from private wells performed in 1989 found that the contaminants do not pose a
significant health risk; however, these wells will continue to be monitored. Access to the site is
restricted by means of a locked gate and a fence that encloses the site. The landfill is covered
with a layer of dirt. Nine municipal wells are located within 3 miles of the site. Water from
these wells feeds into a blended system that serves the city of Fresno. The general distribution
area of the system serves approximately 300,000 people. Two agricultural irrigation wells are
located along the western edge of the landfill, and several more are located within a few
thousand feet of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Air contains high concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide and lower
concentrations of VOCs. Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs from surface
wastes. Since private wells located south of the landfill are contaminated with
VOCs, area residents who depend on these wells as their sole source of drinking
water could be exposed to site-related contaminants. An irrigation canal runs
through a pipe beneath the landfill. Leachate from the landfill may leak into the
pipe and contaminate the irrigation water.
73
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The City of Fresno installed wells around the perimeter of the
landfill to monitor methane and groundwater in 1984. The City of Fresno also
constructed barriers on two sides of the landfill to prevent methane from migrating off
site to nearby homes. In 1990, the removal of migrating landfill gas containing VOCs was
initiated by the City. The treatment involves placement of an active vacuum on an existing gas
migration barrier to enhance its effectiveness. Monitoring of the area will follow. The removal
is expected to be completed in late 1991.
Entire Site: The investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the
Fresno Landfill began in 1990. The study is addressing contamination in the
groundwater, landfill gas, soils, leachate, and surface gas emissions. The City of
Fresno expects the study to be completed in 1992. The investigation will result in
recommendations on alternative cleanup methods.
Environmental Progress
The construction of barriers and the ongoing removal of migrating landfill gas have reduced the
threat of exposure to contaminants from the Fresno Sanitary Landfill site while studies are taking
place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 74 FRESNO MUNICIPAL SANITARY LANDFILL
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GEORGE AIR
FORCE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2570024453
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 37
San Bernardino County
Victorville
Site Description
The George Air Force Base occupies 5,347 acres. The base supports tactical fighter operations
and provides training for air crew and maintenance personnel. The base is scheduled for closure
in 1992. All hazardous and solid wastes now are disposed of off site at licensed facilities. Fifty-
four potential areas of contamination have been identified at this site. The Air Force eliminated
37 of those sites by determining that they were not a threat to public health and the environment.
The Air Force then grouped the remaining areas of contamination into the following five areas
for cleanup: the northeast Disposal Area, Industrial Storm Drain Line and Outfall, landfills in
the northeast and southeast areas of the base, Fire Training and Disposal Pits, petroleum
contamination in soil and groundwater, and miscellaneous liquid disposal sites. Approximately
15,400 people live within 3 miles of the site, and 11,000 people reside within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals including lead, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and radioactive wastes. Potential health risks exist
through direct contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater or
soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: initial actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the Northeast Disposal area, the Flightline area, the Petroleum, Oil, and
Lubricant and landfill areas, and the entire site. These phases address contamination across the
five areas previously identified by the Air Force.
75
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: A system for pumping and treating contaminated groundwater in the
Northeast Disposal Area has been installed. It is expected to begin operations in late
1991.
Northeast Disposal Area: The Air Force is investigating the nature and extent of
the contamination of the groundwater at the Northeast Disposal Area. A remedy will
be selected based on the results of the investigation, scheduled to be completed in
1992.
Flightline Area: An investigation is underway to determine the nature and extent of
contamination in the Flightline Area, where the fuel system beneath the ground is a
source of contamination by JP-4. A remedy will be selected based on the results of the
investigation, scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricant Areas and Landfills: An investigation to
determine the extent of the petroleum, oil, and lubricant contamination is scheduled to
begin in 1991 at the site. The investigation, which also focuses on contamination
related to base landfills, will lead to the selection of remedies and is expected to be completed in
1993.
Entire Site: An investigation is underway to determine the nature and extent of the
site-wide contamination. A remedy will be selected based on the results of the
investigation, expected to be completed in 1994.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Department of Defense (DoD) have signed an Interagency
Agreement for site cleanup. This site is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the DoD in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the
migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treating of contaminated groundwater is expected to reduce the threat to human
health and the environment while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned at
the George Air Force Base.
April 1991 76 GEORGE AIR FORCE BASE
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HEWLETT-PAC
(620-640 PAGE
MILL ROAD)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980884209
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Palo Alto
Hewlett-Packard manufactured optoelectronic equipment on this 10-acre site from 1962 to 1986.
In 1981, at least 300 gallons of waste solvents leaked from a buried storage tank. The company
excavated the tank and approximately 100 cubic yards of contaminated soil in 1981 and
transported the materials to a hazardous waste facility. Since 1982, the company has been
pumping and treating contaminated groundwater. The nearest residential areas are located
approximately 1/8 mile northeast of the facility. Five municipal backup supply wells drawing
from a deeper aquifer are within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in groundwater under the tank
area and in the soils sampled from the former tank location. Potential health risks
include accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil. Chemicals in the shallow aquifer have migrated off site in a
northerly direction.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
77
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In addition to the tank excavation and soil excavation conducted
in 1981, Hewlett-Packard excavated an additional 810 cubic yards of soil around the
former tank area in 1987. Pumping and treating of contaminated groundwater has been
underway since 1982.
Entire Site: In 1989, under State monitoring, the potentially responsible party, Hewlett
Packard, initiated an investigation to determine the extent of contamination remaining at
the site and to identify alternative cleanup remedies. The investigation was completed in
1991. The EPA is expected to select the cleanup remedy by late 1991.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and disposal of the storage tank and contaminated soil and the continuing treatment
of contaminated groundwater have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials
at the Hewlett-Packard site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
78
HEWLETT-PACKARD
(620-640 PAGE MILL ROAD)
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HEXCEL CORP
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD058783952
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Alameda County
Livermore
Other Names:
Coast Land Manufacturing Company
Site Description
The 22-acre Hexcel Corp. site produces resins for coatings and adhesives, as well as fabrics and
parts for the aerospace industry. Two documented spills occurred at the site in 1983. In the first,
600 gallons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methylene chloride, methyl ethyl
ketone, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol leaked from subsurface plumbing. In the second, 1,500
gallons of contaminants were released when a valve on a storage tank was left open. In 1983, after
the first spill, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and Abatement
Order charging Hexcel with improper waste management. Under the Order, Hexcel was to
investigate the extent of contamination, clean up soil and groundwater, and prevent future spills.
Hexcel excavated the tank and drilled a well to recover as much of the solvent as possible.
Approximately 500 gallons of the second spill were recovered, but the rest migrated to the excavated
tank area. Approximately 50,000 people obtain drinking water, and 2,800 acres of agricultural land
are irrigated from wells within 3 miles of the site. The closest body of water to the site is a seasonal
creek, the Arroyo Las Positas, which is located 3,000 feet southwest of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
VOCs were found in shallow groundwater and extraction wells at the site.
Dimethylformamide and VOCs were detected in soil samples. Potential health
risks may exist if individuals ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil. Health risks also may exist through inhalation of volatilized
contaminants.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
79
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, Hexcel Corp. removed the leaking storage tank and
500 gallons of spilled solvents.
Entire Site: The State began an investigation in 1990 to determine the type and
extent of contamination at the site and to identify alternative cleanup remedies. The
investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of the tank and installation of extraction wells to recover contaminants by the
Hexcel Corp. have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous waste at the site while studies
are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
April! 991
80
HEXCEL CORP.
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INDUSTRIAL WA
PROCESSING
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980736284
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
Pinedale
Site Description
The 1/2-acre Industrial Waste Processing site was a solvent recycling facility from 1957 to 1981.
The facility reclaimed glycols from petroleum residues recovered from natural gas field pipelines
and chlorinated solvents generated by the paint and ink industries. The facility also recovered lead
solder and zinc from waste solder flux generated by the metal can manufacturing industry. The site
consisted of an office/laboratory building, an open chemical storage shed, eight aboveground tanks,
solvent distillation stills, approximately 250 drums containing waste solvents and lead solder flux,
approximately 50 cubic yards of lead solder waste stored in two piles, about 50 bags of fiber, and 30
drums of asbestos. The closest residence is 40 feet from the site perimeter. The population within 3
miles is approximately 68,000. An estimated 348,000 people depend on the groundwater for
drinking water. There are 119 wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with lead, asbestos, and solvents. Lead, asbestos, acetone,
and other solvents have been found in the soil. Potential health threats may exist if
contaminated vapors or particles are inhaled. People also may be at risk from
accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
81
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the EPA removed all asbestos found in bags, drums,
and building insulation and all lead solder wastes in drums and piles; secured the site
from unauthorized access; developed site safety plans; implemented dust suppression
actions; monitored for fugitive vapors and dusts; and removed 19,000 gallons of hazardous
liquids and 290 cubic yards of contaminated soil.
Entire Site: The EPA is planning an investigation to determine the extent and type of
contamination at the site. At the conclusion of the investigation, recommendations
will be made for the final cleanup actions. The study is scheduled to begin in 1993.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the asbestos, lead solder waste, hazardous liquids, and contaminated soil, as well
as the dust suppression actions, eliminated the potential of direct contact with contaminants in
the soil at the Industrial Waste Processing site while studies and final cleanup activities are being
planned.
April 1991
82
INDUSTRIAL WASTE PROCESSING
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INTEL CORP.
(MOUNTAIN
VIEW PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD061620217
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
The Intel Corp. manufactured semiconductors at this 2-acre site from 1968 until 1981. The site
is one of three Superfund sites that are being cleaned up concurrently. The other two sites are
Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (Mountain View Plant) and Raytheon Corp. The sites are located
in the Middlefield-Ellis-Whisman (MEW) Study Area. Various industrial activities were
conducted near the site, including semiconductor manufacturing, metal finishing operations,
parts cleaning, aircraft maintenance, and other activities requiring the use, storage, and handling
of a variety of chemicals, particularly solvents. Site investigations at several of these facilities
during 1981 and 1982 revealed significant soil and groundwater contamination by toxic
chemicals, primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Approximately 270,000 people
depend on groundwater within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. Most of the
runoff from the area goes to Stevens Creek.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, isopropyl alcohol, and freon. VOCs also
are found in the soil. People who inhale vapors from contaminated groundwater or
come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
83
ApriM991
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Response Action Status
immediate Actions: Since 1982, Intel has been pumping and treating groundwater by
carbon adsorption. By 1986, Intel removed about 4,600 cubic yards of contaminated soil.
Other immediate actions performed by the company include removing tanks, sealing
contaminated wells, and constructing slurry walls to prevent contaminant migration.
Entire Site: In 1989, the following remedies were selected: (1) treating contaminated
soil by in-place vapor extraction; (2) limited excavation of soil and treatment by aeration
for some areas outside of the slurry walls, with on-site disposal of residues in the
excavated area; (3) groundwater pumping and treatment using air stripping; (4) sealing any conduits
or potential conduits of contaminant migration to protect the deep aquifer, and (5) groundwater
monitoring. In 1991, the potentially responsible parties will begin to develop the technical design
for the selected cleanup remedies. Final site cleanup is scheduled to begin in 1992. Soil cleanup
will take from 1 to 6 years, with groundwater cleanup lasting much longer, due to the physical and
chemical nature of the contaminated aquifers. Regular monitoring is planned to assess cleanup
progress.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order On Consent to Intel, Fairchild
Semiconductor, and Raytheon, requiring the three companies to conduct a joint site investigation.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment of the groundwater, removal of contaminated soil and tanks, and the
construction of slurry walls have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials
at the Intel Corp. (Mountain View Plant) site while final cleanup remedies are being planned.
April 1991 84 INTEL CORP, (MOUNTAIN VIEW PLANT)
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INTEL CORP.
(SANTA CLARA mi
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAT000612184
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Site Description
The Intel Corp. (Santa Clara III) plant performs quality control of chemicals and tests
microprocessors at this 4-acre facility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in the
groundwater in the shallow aquifer. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San
Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated
organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites are
listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites
as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. Approximately 300,000 people depend
on groundwater within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. There are 27 wells
within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with VOCs. Based on available information,
this site is not considered to be of public health concern because of the apparent
absence of human exposure to hazardous substances. However, people could face a
health risk if they accidentally ingest or come into direct contact with contaminated
water. The inhaling of contaminated vapors could also pose a health risk.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The company has installed, and is operating, a system to pump
and treat the contaminated groundwater.
Entire Site: The remedy selected by the EPA in 1990 includes: (1) continuing
groundwater extraction and treatment with an expanded granular-activated charcoal
system, with discharge of the treated groundwater to San Tomas Aquino Creek; (2)
groundwater monitoring; and (3) a demonstration project that will evaluate various groundwater
pumping strategies for cleaning up residual levels of VOCs left behind in aquifer material.
Cleanup activities have begun and are expected to continue for approximately 12 years.
Environmental Progress
The installation of a groundwater pump and treatment system continues to reduce the potential of
exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Intel Corp. (Santa Clara III) site.
April 1991
86
INTEL CORP. (SANTA CLARA I
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INTEL MAG
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD092212497
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Other Names:
Micro Storage/Intel Magnetics
Site Description
The Intel Magnetics site is a 1-acrc facility that produced and tested magnetic products and
bubble memories. Micro Storage occupied the site from 1985 to 1986 and used the facility for
research and development and pilot manufacturing. Micro Storage also occupied a property
adjacent to, and upgradient from, Intel Magnetics that contributes to the contamination.
Monitoring wells on the site are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) believed
to have resulted from surface spills and a leak from an underground storage tank. This is one of
28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of
toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common
groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to
combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the
contamination. Approximately 300,000 people depend on groundwater within 3 miles of the site
as a source of drinking water. Twenty Santa Clara wells and four Sunnyvale wells are within a
3-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People may face a health hazard
from accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated groundwater.
87
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The company installed a system to pump and treat contaminated
groundwater in 1990.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties, under State supervision, completed an
investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site in early 1991.
Groundwater extraction and carbon adsorption treatment is the recommended remedy.
However, all cleanup alternatives will be evaluated before a final remedy is chosen in late 1991.
Environmental Progress
The installation of a groundwater pump and treatment system has greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Intel Magnetics site while cleanup activities are
being planned.
April 1991
88
INTEL MAGNETICS
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INTERSIL, INC.
SIEMENS COM
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD041472341
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Cupertino
Site Description
Intersil, Inc. and Siemens Components have manufactured semiconductors for several years on
two locations covering 15 acres. Siemens currently is an operating facility, while Intersil is
inactive. Investigations conducted in 1982 as part of the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board's (CRWQCB) underground storage tank leak detection program found volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in soils on the site and in groundwater on and off the site.
Contamination is believed to have resulted from localized spills and from leaking underground
storage tanks and piping involving the two companies. At the Siemens facility, four
underground tanks were used to store waste solvents, and at the Intersil facility, possible sources
of contamination were the waste neutralization systems and the concrete scrubber pit sumps.
More than 300,000 people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site.
The groundwater is used for the municipal water supplies of the cities of Cupertino, Santa Clara,
and Sunnyvale. Five municipal water supply wells are located within a mile of the site. Three of
these wells, operated by the City of Santa Clara, are located in an apparent downgradient
direction. The distance from the site to the closest municipal well (City of Santa Clara well #15)
is 1,300 feet. Calabazas Creek, an intermittent stream, is located approximately 1,500 feet east
of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and air have been contaminated with VOCs. Potential health
threats include direct contact with contaminated soils, drinking contaminated
groundwater, inhaling VOCs from the use of groundwater, and inhaling chemicals
volatilized from the soils.
89
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: On-site activities have included: removal of an underground
waste handling and solvent storage system and surrounding soil; installation and
operation of groundwater extraction and treatment systems; and installation and
operation of soil vapor extraction and treatment systems.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to address soil and groundwater
contamination at the site. Approximately 40 cubic yards of soil will be removed and
disposed of in a federally approved facility. Twenty-three soil vapor extraction wells
will be constructed, along with a carbon adsorption treatment facility. Groundwater will be
extracted from 23 wells, treated by air stripping, and discharged to Calabazas Creek. The
groundwater and soil will continue to be monitored to verify they meet safety levels.
Engineering designs of the cleanup actions are underway and are scheduled for completion in
mid-1991. Implementation of the selected cleanup actions began in 1990.
Site Facts: In 1986, the CRWQCB issued waste discharge requirements under the California
Water Code that required both companies to determine the extent of contamination in
groundwater and soils. In 1989, the CRWQCB issued site cleanup requirements and approved
the work plan and schedule for on- and off-site investigative activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Intersil, Inc./Siemens Components site while final cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991 90 INTERSIL, INC./ SIEMENS COMPONENTS
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IRON
MOUNTAIN
MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498612
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Shasta County
9 miles northwest of Redding
From the 1860s through 1963, the 4,400-acre Iron Mountain Mine (IMM) site periodically was
mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite. Though mining operations were
discontinued in 1963, underground mine workings, waste rock dumps, piles of ore mine tailings,
and an open mine pit still remain at the site. Historic mining activity at IMM has fractured the
mountain, exposing minerals in the mountain to surface water, rain water, and oxygen. When
pyrite is exposed to moisture and oxygen, sulfuric acid forms. This sulfuric acid runs through
the mountain and leaches out copper, cadmium, zinc, and other heavy metals. This acid flows
out of the seeps and portals of the mine. Much of the acidic mine drainage ultimately is
channeled into the Spring Creek Reservoir by creeks surrounding IMM. The Bureau of
Reclamation periodically releases the stored acid mine drainage into Keswick Reservoir.
Planned releases are timed to coincide with the presence of diluting releases of water from
Shasta Dam. On occasion, unplanned spills and excessive waste releases have occurred when
Spring Creek Reservoir reached capacity. Without sufficient dilution, this results in the release
of harmful quantities of heavy metals into the Sacramento River. Approximately 47,600 people
use surface water within 3 miles as their source of drinking water. The low pH level and the
heavy metal contamination from the mine have caused the virtual elimination of aquatic life in
Slickrock Creek, Boulder Creek, and a section of Spring Creek. Since 1940, high levels of
contamination in the Sacramento River have caused numerous fish kills. The continuous release
of metals from IMM has contributed to a steady decline in the fisheries population in the
Sacramento River. In 1989, the National Marine Fisheries Service took emergency action to list
the Winter Run Chinook Salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act and to
designate the Sacramento River from Red Bluff Diversion Dam to Keswick Dam as a critical
habitat.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Surface water has been contaminated by the release of sulfuric acid, copper, zinc, and
cadmium from the mine. People face a health risk if they accidentally ingest or come
in direct contact with contaminated water or mine drainage. There is a potential for
accumulation of contaminants in fish. The unplanned release of contaminants acutely
toxic to fisheries has led to the steady decline in fish populations and has contributed
to the listing of the Winter Run Chinook Salmon as a threatened species.
91
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on water management and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: A limestone neutralization process was installed at the site to
treat acid mine discharge from the Richmond Portal prior to discharge to the reservoir.
This system was operated by the EPA during the winter rainy season of 1988 to 1989.
ICI Americas, a potentially responsible party, operated a similar system during the 1989 to 1990
and 1990 to 1991 rainy seasons.
Water Management: Selected cleanup activities include: (1) capping selected
cracked and caved ground areas using a soil-cement mixture or other suitable material;
(2) diverting clean surface water in upper Spring Creek to Flat Creek, diverting clean
surface water in South Fork Spring Creek to Rock Creek, and diverting clean Upper Slickrock
Creek water around waste rock and mine tailings piles; (3) enlarging the Spring Creek debris
dam; (4) implementing perimeter control as needed to minimize direct contact threat; and (5)
performing hydrogeologic studies and field-scale pilot demonstrations to better define acid mine
drainage formation. The EPA has completed the capping of cracked and caved ground areas and
the open pit mine on Iron Mountain and diverted Slickrock Creek around the mine wastes. ICI
Americas completed construction of the Upper Spring Creek diversion in early 1991, and it is
now in operation.
Entire Site: The EPA is studying the type and extent of contamination at the site. At
the conclusion of the study, planned to be completed in 1992, recommendations for the
final cleanup remedy will be made.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA ordered the potentially responsible parties to implement
emergency response corrective measures to remove the metal contamination. In 1990, the EPA,
under an Administrative Order, required the parties to implement the Upper Spring Creek
diversion cleanup action. In 1991, the EPA ordered the potentially responsible parties to assume
responsibility for operation and maintenance of the completed cleanup actions.
Environmental Progress
The installation and operation of the neutralization system, the capping of areas of the mine, and
the diversion of Slickrock Creek have reduced the acid and metal contamination in surface water
at the Iron Mountain Mine site while cleanup activities are continuing and additional studies are
taking place. The diversion of Upper Spring Creek has greatly increased the ability of the EPA
and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to manage the release of contaminants from the site to avoid
harm to fisheries during the additional study phase.
April 1991 92 IRON MOUNTAIN MINE
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J. H.
BAXTER &
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD000625731
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
Siskiyou County
Weed
Other Names:
Roseburg Forest Products
Baxter/International Paper/Roseburg
Site Description
J.H. Baxter & Co. has owned and operated a 35-acre wood-treatment facility at this site since
1962. Prior to 1962, the plant was owned by Long Bell Lumber Company and International
Paper. Roseburg Forest Products operates a 1,000-acre lumber mill adjacent to the site. Wood
treatment operations at Baxter involve the application of chemical compounds to lumber in order
to help the wood resist deterioration caused by insects and fungi. The current processes use
creosote, petroleum, arsenic, copper, chromium, and zinc. Until 1982, Baxter also used
pentachlorophenol (PCP). For approximately 25 years prior to 1962, the International Paper
Company operated the facility and used many of these same chemicals. Hazardous sludges were
disposed of on site in unlined pits or bermed areas. From 1976 to 1983, contaminated process
water was sprayed onto an open field at the southern edge of Baxter's property. Excess
wastewater periodically was held in unlined ponds, entering soil and groundwater. An additional
source of contamination has been excess chemicals that have dripped from treated lumber onto
the soil. In addition, periodic overflows, accidents, and leaks have contributed to the
environmental problems at the site. Approximately 3,450 people live within 3 miles of the site,
and 200 people within 3 miles use groundwater as a drinking water source. Beaughton Creek,
which has been contaminated by site chemicals, runs through the site and formerly was a prime
trout habitat.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater, surface water, and sediments are contaminated with PCP, creosote,
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs), arsenic, and heavy metals including
chromium, and zinc. Soil contains arsenic, chromium, PCP, creosote, PNAs, and
dioxin. People face a health threat if they accidentally ingest, inhale, or come in
direct contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, surface water, sediments, or
dust. In 1990, the EPA sampled off-site soils for arsenic and chromium, but
found no significant contamination. Beaughton Creek, formerly a trout habitat,
has been contaminated with creosote.
93
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the potentially responsible parties installed a fence
around the site to prevent direct contact with the site contaminants.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected a cleanup approach for contaminated
groundwater and soils at the site. The selected groundwater cleanup plan involves
extraction, biotreatment, and chemical precipitation of contaminants. The treated
groundwater will be reinjected or used for irrigation or for industrial processes. Contaminated
soil will be excavated and treated in one of two ways: naturally occurring microorganisms will
be used to treat soils contaminated with organic chemicals, and soils contaminated with
inorganic chemicals will be treated using a cement-like substance to chemically fix the
contaminants. Recent surveys indicate that fish are returning to Beaughton Creek and that
dredging sediments for cleanup purposes would do more harm than good. Engineering designs
for the cleanup are scheduled to begin in late 1991.
Site Facts: In 1983, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) issued
a Cleanup and Abatement Order and a Cease and Desist Order. In 1984, the CRWQCB ordered
Roseburg to cease discharge of contaminated water. In 1985, the CRWQCB required Baxter,
International Paper, and Roseburg to submit a site investigation plan. A January 1991
CRWQCB Order required the three parties potentially responsible for the site contamination to
clean up both the surface water and the groundwater at the site. In addition, both Roseburg and
J.H. Baxter are under individual orders to cease discharges from their facilities; the last order
was issued in 1990.
Environmental Progress
A fence installed at the site has reduced the chance of coming into contact with site
contaminants. After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations
and determined that no other immediate actions were required at the J. H. Baxter site while
cleanup activities are being planned and implemented.
April 1991 94 J.H. BAXTER & CO.
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JASCO
CHEMICAL
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009103318
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Site Description
The 2-acre Jasco Chemical Corp. site has been at its present location since 1976, although it has
operated for 35 years. Jasco repackages or formulates chemical products for retail sales. Bulk
solvents used at the site are received by tankers and are stored in eight underground storage
tanks. Prior to 1985, Tank #3 was used to store pentachlorophenol (PCP), which was an
ingredient of a wood preservative formerly produced by Jasco. The product was discontinued in
1985, and the tank was converted to store paint thinner. Elevated levels of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) were detected in soils from a swale area located behind the building and in
the shallow groundwater. Based on available data, it appears that the VOC-contaminated soil
and groundwater contamination resulted from surface water runoff from the facility to the swale
area. Other past waste disposal practices, and possibly, leakage from an underground storage
tank also may have contributed to soil and groundwater contamination. The City of Mountain
View has a total population of approximately 62,000. The only surface water body within a mile
is Permanente Creek. Approximately 330,000 people within 3 miles of the site depend on
groundwater for drinking water. In 1987, the City of Mountain View shut down one well near
the site to determine whether site activities would affect the well. In 1988, the well was placed
back into operation, after investigations revealed that contamination had not migrated into the
groundwater for this well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, phenols, and diesel fuel. Soil contains
VOCs and diesel fuel. Surface water is contaminated with VOCs and PCP.
People may face a health threat if they inhale contaminated vapors, drink or come
in direct contact with contaminated water.
95
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Jasco installed groundwater monitoring wells, took soil samples,
and removed some contaminated soil.
Entire Site: In early 1991, the potentially responsible party, under EPA supervision,
completed investigations into the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at
the site. Treatability studies for soil cleanup are scheduled for completion in 1991.
Based on the results of these studies, recommendations for final cleanup remedies will be made.
Site Facts: In 1983, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board requested that Jasco
install a monitoring well to determine if groundwater was contaminated.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at the
Jasco Chemical Company site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are
being planned.
April 1991 96 JASCO CHEMICAL CORP.
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JIBBOOM JU
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980737613
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
Sacramento
Other Names:
City of Sacramento Dump
Associated Metals
PG&E Power Plant
Site Description
The Jibboom Junkyard site is approximately 9 acres in size, although roughly 7 acres have been
covered with up to 20 feet of fill material, concrete, and asphalt. The site, formerly owned by the
Associated Iron and Metals Company, began operations in 1951. Operations included metal
salvaging of a variety of materials such as railroad cars, army tanks, batteries, and electric
transformers. Some scrap metal was disposed of on site, and transformer oil was poured onto the
ground. Operations ceased in 1965, the same year the California Department of Transportation
purchased the property. The uncovered section of the site is flat, fenced, and includes the portions
used by the original salvage yard and the electric power generating plant property. An old building
and the underground storage tanks of an old electric power generating plant remain, and the other
ancillary structures and storage tanks have been dismantled and removed. The remaining structures
are included within the fenced area. Approximately 250,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.
The bicycle path adjacent to the site receives regular traffic during the week as a route to and from
work. The city's drinking water is taken from the river at the northeastern corner of the site. The
river also is used for recreation and irrigation. The site is in the flood plain for the Sacramento
River.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with lead, copper, and zinc. People faced a health threat if they
inhaled particles, accidentally ingested, or came ito direct contact with contaminated
soils.
97
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1983, the site was fenced and soil samples were collected. From 1985 to
1987, over 11,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were excavated and removed to an
approved hazardous waste disposal facility. The site was proposed for deletion from the
NPL in 1989. The deletion has been postponed, pending the outcome of a final site review.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has eliminated the potential of exposure to hazardous materials at
the Jibboom Junkyard site. All goals for soil cleanup have been met. Final site reviews are being
conducted to determine if the site should be deleted from the NPL.
April 1991
98
JIBBOOM JUNKYARD
-------
KOPPERS COMP
INC. (OROVILLE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009112087
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Butte County
Oroville
Since 1948, the 200-acre Koppers Company, Inc. (Oroville Plant) site was used to conduct wood
treating operations designed to prevent wood deterioration by insects or fungi. Koppers
purchased the plant from the National Wood Treating Company in 1955. Chemical handling
procedures and wood treatment and storage operations have contaminated the soil and
groundwater on and off site. Fires at the Koppers facility occurred in 1963 and 1987, causing
increased contamination at the site. Groundwater, surface water, and soils on and off site have
been contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other hazardous substances used in
Koppers' wood treating activities. The contaminated groundwater is located beneath this site
and the Louisiana-Pacific site (also on the NPL) and in the area south of the Koppers site. In
1973, PCP was discovered in nearby residential wells that are used as a source of drinking water.
In 1988, Koppers Company, Inc. was bought by the parent company of Beazer East, Inc. Beazer
later sold the wood treating plants to Koppers Industries, Inc. (KII). KII is the current owner and
operator. Approximately 10,650 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. These people also
depend on groundwater as their source of drinking water. The site is within 1 mile of the nearest
water supply well, and there are other water supply wells within 3 miles of the site.
Contamination of groundwater from site-related chemicals extends 2 miles to the south.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
E
Groundwater, surface water, and soil contain PCP, dioxins, furans, creosote,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals including copper,
chromium, and arsenic. Potential health risks include drinking contaminated
surface water or groundwater, direct contact, or accidentally ingesting
contaminated soils. However, residents in this contaminated area currently
receive an alternate drinking water supply.
99
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: Beazer has been providing an alternative water supply to
residents south of the site since 1986. The EPA directed the construction of a
temporary asphalt cap over the contaminated soil between 1987 and 1988 to stabilize
the site and to prevent contact with contaminants after a fire spread hazardous substances.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination completed a
study of the site in 1989. The EPA used the results of this study to select the following
methods to address site contamination: (1) removing and treating contaminated
groundwater; (2) treating some of the contaminated soil in place; (3) excavating and treating
some of the soil; (4) capping the wood treating area; (5) providing another water supply to those
with contaminated wells; (6) installing a system to remove contaminated groundwater off site;
(7) treating contaminated groundwater with a carbon adsorption process; and (8) discharging
treated groundwater to the aquifer with injection wells. Two groundwater extraction, treatment,
and discharge systems will be built, one on, and one off site. Both will use a carbon absorption
process, with discharge to recharge injection wells. Approximately 350,000 cubic yards of soil
will be cleaned up at the site. In 1990, the potentially responsible parties began designing the
cleanup actions. Final cleanup activities are scheduled to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1982, the State issued an order to Koppers to cease operations at the site. In
1986, the EPA and Koppers signed a Consent Order, which required the company to conduct a
study into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. In December 1990, Beazer signed a
Consent Decree to perform the engineering design and cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water and soil at the Koppers Company site while final cleanup activities
are being planned.
April 1991 100 KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. (OROVILLE PLANT)
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LAWRENCE LIVE
NATIONAL LABO
(USDOE)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2890012584
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
3NGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Alameda County
Livermore
The 1-square-mile Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) site is an active multi-program
research laboratory operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy. A
number of operations at LLNL handle, generate, or manage hazardous materials that include
radioactive wastes. Hazardous waste treatment activities are carried out on site. The site first was
used as a Naval Air Station in the 1940s. In 1951, it was transferred to the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission and was established as a nuclear weapons and magnetic fusion energy research facility.
In 1984, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) issued an Order for Compliance to
LLNL to provide alternative water supplies to residents west of the facility, whose wells had been
contaminated by hazardous substances from LLNL. Another NPL site, the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory (Site 300), is located 15 miles east of LLNL. There are approximately 50,000
people living within a 2-mile radius of the site. Private potable wells exist near the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Both on- and off-site groundwater are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and chromium. Fuel hydrocarbons including benzene and ethylene dibromide,
the metal lead, and tritium appear only in wells on site. Soil excavated from the site was
contaminated with solvents, radioactive wastes, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), and fuel hydrocarbons. Soils remaining on site contain VOCs, tritium, PCBs,
fuel hydrocarbons, and inorganic substances. People may face a health threat if they
ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated water or soil.
101
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Initial actions included the excavation and removal of 4,000 cubic yards
of contaminated soil from several waste disposal pits to certified off-site disposal sites and
closure of an inactive landfill, with subsequent removal of approximately 14,000 cubic
yards of contaminated soil.
Entire Site: In 1989, one of two proposed on-site pilot treatment facilities began treating
groundwater contaminated with VOCs using an ultraviolet light/hydrogen peroxide
treatment technology. Additionally, LLNL began a pilot treatment study on a major
gasoline spill area on site. The study has shown positive results using a cleanup process known as
vacuum-induced venting. The second facility began operation in 1990. Contaminated groundwater
from off site will be pumped to these facilities as well. An investigation into the extent and type of
contamination currently is underway. The investigation is scheduled for completion in 1992 and
will include recommendations for cleanup alternatives.
Site Facts: In 1984, the CDHS issued an Order for Compliance to LLNL to provide alternative
water supplies and to investigate groundwater quality at LLNL. In 1987, the California Regional
Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) issued an order directing LLNL to investigate and clean
up the on- and off-site contamination. In 1988, LLNL signed an Interagency Agreement with the
EPA, the CDHS, and the CRWQCB to address contamination on and off site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, provision of alternate drinking water supplies, and use of
groundwater treatment systems have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
materials at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USDOE) site while studies continue and
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 102 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL
LABORATORY (USDOE)
-------
LAWRENCE LIVER
NATIONAL LABOR
(SITE 300) (USDOE)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2890090002
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
San Joaquin County
15 miles east of Livermore
Site Description
The 11-acre Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Site 300) was developed in the 1950s as a
research facility. It is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) primarily as a high-explosives and materials testing site in support of nuclear weapons
research. Approximately 350 people who work in the area are provided with potable water from
groundwater in the area. Most of these are lab employees and State employees who work in a
nearby State vehicular recreation area. Adjacent ranch houses and a State fire station also draw
drinking water from the aquifer.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
TIT
Groundwater and soil have been contaminated with solvents and other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater also contains tritium. The primary
potential health threat is drinking contaminated groundwater.
103
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In spring 1991, the DOE plans to install a groundwater pump and treat
system to curtail the migration of the VOC contamination plume.
Entire Site: A site investigation currently is being conducted under the facility's
Environmental Restoration Program. A remedy selection is planned in 1992, and cleanup
activities are scheduled to begin soon thereafter.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treating of contaminated groundwater will reduce the exposure to contamination at
the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Site 300) while studies are taking place and final
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
104
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL
LABORATORY (SITE 300) (USDOE)
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LIQUID GOLD
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT000646208
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Contra Costa County
Richmond
Site Description
The Liquid Gold Oil Corp. site consists of approximately 18 acres of a 29-acre property owned by
Southern Pacific Transportation (SPT). Originally, a major portion of the property was marshland,
which was reclaimed in the 1940s and 1950s. SPT leased approximately 3 acres of the site to an
asphalt manufacturing plant and later to a waste oil storage and transfer facility that operated under
the name of Liquid Gold Oil Corporation. In 1982, Liquid Gold Oil ceased operation and left
several deteriorating buildings and 27 storage tanks of various sizes on the site. Currently, the site is
inactive, with the exception of a pistol firing range. Improper handling and disposal practices have
resulted in soil and groundwater contamination. The population within a mile is approximately
7,000, and an estimated 92,000 people live within 4 miles of the site. There are public wells within
1/2 mile of the site, and nine private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
L\
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with lead, nickel, chromium, copper, and zinc.
Soil also contains polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). People may be exposed to a health
risk through accidental ingestion or direct contact with contaminated groundwater or
soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
105
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In response to inspections and regulatory actions, some surface soil was
removed in 1974, liquid waste and soil from a drainage area and holding pond were
removed in 1980, leaking storage tanks were removed in 1982 and 1983, and drums were
removed in 1984. During November and December of 1989, a wooden building containing lead was
demolished and disposed, roofing materials containing asbestos were disposed, non-hazardous
wastes such as wooden pallets and stacked timber were removed, and approximately 655 cubic yards
of soil from various on-site areas also were excavated and removed.
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination in the soils and
marsh currently is underway by the potentially responsible party, under State monitoring.
When completed, currently scheduled for 1992, the study will recommend alternative site
cleanup remedies from which the EPA will select final cleanup actions.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the contaminated soil, liquid waste, and leaking storage tanks and the demolition and
removal of the building have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the
Liquid Gold Oil Corp. site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April!991
106
LIQUID GOLD OIL CORP.
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LORENTZ B
DRUM CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD029295706
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Santa Clara County
San Jose
The Lorentz family began a drum recycling operation at the 5 1/2-acre Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.
(LB&D) site in 1947. Drums containing residual aqueous wastes, organic solvents, acids, oxidizers,
caustic residues, and oils were received for recycling. During the early years of operation, portions
of the site also were leased to other companies. Between 1950 and 1978, a drainage ditch north of
the drum processing building carried process wastes to a large sump and other ponding areas on site.
Prior to 1968, wastes from the sump were discharged to a storm drain system. Sometime between
1968 and 1971, the discharge was diverted to a sanitary sewer, and investigations indicate that this
discharge occurred until 1984. After this time, liquid wastes were evaporated, drummed, and
disposed of as hazardous waste along with incinerator ash, residual liquids, and sludge. Subsequent
surface runoff was collected and recycled in a drum wash. Since 1981, several investigations have
revealed soil and groundwater contaminated with heavy metals, organics, and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). The facility was closed in 1987. Drums, stored hazardous materials, and highly
contaminated soil have been removed from the site. Since 1988, the site has been partly covered to
prevent surface water infiltration, contaminated surface water runoff, and airborne dispersion of
contaminated material. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at
these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have
contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the
EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to
the contamination. The closest residence is about 1/5 mile from the site. Approximately 250,000
people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The site lies directly above a major source of potable
groundwater in the San Francisco Bay area, and three public water supply well fields are within a
mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Soil contains PCBs, heavy metals including cadmium and lead, and pesticides.
People may face health risks through direct contact or accidental ingestion of
contaminated groundwater, soils, or leachate.
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the California Department of Health Services and the
EPA removed 25,000 drums and 3,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil. Also, the site
was fenced, and most of the site area was paved.
Entire Site: An investigation currently is underway to determine the extent and type of
contamination at the site. At the conclusion of the investigation, scheduled for late 1991,
recommendations will be made for final cleanup actions at the site.
Groundwater: Cleanup remedies were selected in 1988 that included an on-site
groundwater pump and treatment system using an ozone/ultraviolet process for organic
removal and ion exchange for nickel removal, with discharge of treated water to a local
creek. In 1989, a small-scale pilot study was conducted to test treated water for its toxicity to
freshwater organisms to determine the necessary cleanup levels for nickel. In early 1991, the
potentially responsible parties completed optimization studies. Design of the cleanup remedy is
scheduled for completion in 1991.
Site Facts: The California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and
Abatement Order in 1983. A group of 11 potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Decree in
1990 to design, construct, and operate a shallow groundwater extraction and treatment system using
an ultraviolet/oxidation technology.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and contaminated soil, fencing of the site, and paving have greatly reduced
the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Lorentz Barrel and Drum Co. site while
further studies continue and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 108 LORENTZ BARREL & DRUM CO.
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LOUISIANA-PAC
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD065021594
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Butte County
South of Oroville
Other Names:
Georgia Pacific
The Louisiana-Pacific Corp. site consists of two pieces of property that are 1/2 mile apart: a wood
processing plant of 100 acres and a 115-acre landfill. Georgia-Pacific Corporation built the plant in
1969 and operated it until 1973, when the Louisiana-Pacific (L-P) Corp. assumed plant ownership
and operation. In 1978, the California Solid Waste Management Board approved a permit for L-P to
operate the landfill. The plant is made up of the following components: log deck and log deck
pond, a sawmill, a kiln dryer, the planing mill, a hardboard plant, wood particle storage areas, a
boiler, wells, and landfills. Prior to 1980, wastewater from the hardboard plant's glue kitchen was
discharged to an unlined pond at the site. Wastewater is now recycled. Until 1988, a fungicide
spray was applied to cut timber several months of each year. In 1973, high levels of
pentachlorophenol (PCP) were discovered in nearby residential wells. By 1983, the groundwater
contaminant plume extended 1 1/2 miles south of the neighboring Koppers Company, Inc. (Oroville
Plant) wood treating plant (another NPL site). Approximately 10,650 people live within 3 miles of
the site and use groundwater as a source of drinking water. Site-related chemicals have
contaminated the shallow aquifer beneath the plant, and possibly, the deeper regional aquifer
beneath the landfill. The Feather River is located approximately 1/2 mile east of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Dust samples showed contamination with PCP, formaldehyde, and other volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Groundwater is contaminated with PCP, ether, arsenic, and
formaldehyde. Contaminants found in sediments are PCP, anthracene, dioxins, furans,
heavy metals, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs). Surface water contains
PCP, ether, and heavy metals including arsenic, boron, copper, and lead. The only
current health risk is inhalation of air emissions from the hardboard plant. Potential
future exposures that pose a health threat are ingestion or inhalation of vapors from
contaminated groundwater at the plant and landfill or accidental ingestion of surface soil
at the plant.
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater and soil.
Response Action Status
Groundwater and Soil: In late 1990, the EPA chose an interim cleanup strategy. The
soil remedy includes site access restrictions such as a perimeter fence and deed restrictions
on future residential use of the site. The groundwater remedy includes well permit
restrictions, monitoring of on-site wells to obtain additional information about formaldehyde and
arsenic levels in the groundwater at the site, and construction and monitoring of additional off-site
wells if formaldehyde is detected during the monitoring of on-site wells. Engineering designs for the
interim remedy are scheduled to begin in late 1991.
Environmental Progress
The interim actions will prevent exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater while additional
information is obtained to determine the need for any further cleanup actions at the Louisiana-Pacific
Corp. site.
April 1991
110
LOUISIANA-PACIFIC CORP.
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MARCH AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024527
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
Riverside County
Located near Riverside
Site Description
The 7,000-acre March Air Force Base has been used for aircraft maintenance and repair, refueling
operations, and training activities and has been in operation since 1918. The Air Force conducted a
preliminary investigation of 39 potentially contaminated areas on base which included three fire
training areas, seven inactive landfills, underground solvent storage tanks, an engine test cell, and
spills. Significant contamination was found at 7 of the 39 areas. Three regions of groundwater
contamination beneath the base were identified and a well on the base was shut down in 1984.
Groundwater contamination has migrated to wells located off base. These wells are no longer in use.
Approximately 11,600 people obtain drinking water from municipal wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soils contain
VOCs and heavy metals. Potential health threats may exist for individuals who
accidentally ingest contaminated soils and groundwater. However, the off-site wells with
contamination at levels that exceed state drinking water standards were shut down, and
the private well owners have been provided with bottled drinking water since the
contamination was discovered. The wells on the base were closed in 1988, and drinking
water is being purchased from the Eastern Municipal Water District.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site, Area 5 and Site 4, and the Panero Area.
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the Air Force closed all contaminated wells on and off
site. Affected residents off site were provided with bottled water. People on site are
provided water through the municipal water system. In 1989, activities supporting design
of a system to remove trichloroethylene (TCE) from groundwater began. Design of the technologies
and the actual cleanup work is scheduled to begin in 1991. Construction of a contaminated
groundwater interception and treatment system, pumping and disposal of free product beneath a
fueling system, removal of abandoned underground storage tanks, and contaminated soil removal
also are scheduled for 1991.
Entire Site: In 1990, the Air Force began an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination base-wide. This investigation is scheduled for completion in
1996.
Area 5 and Site 4: In 1990, the Air Force began an investigation into the contamination
at Area 5 and Site 4 on the base. This investigation is expected to be completed in 1995.
Panero Area: The Air Force will begin a study of contamination at the Panero fueling
area of the base in late 1991. This study is scheduled for completion in 1995.
Site Facts: March Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate water supply to affected residents eliminates the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water and continues to protect residents near the March Air Force Base site
until planned cleanup activities are completed.
April 1991 112 MARCH Al R FORCE BASE
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MATHER AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA8570024143
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
12 miles east of Sacramento
Other Names:
AC & W Disposal Site
The Mather Air Force Base (MAFB) site originally was built in 1918 and operated as a school to
train pilots. In 1922, the Government closed the facility, reopened it in the early 1930s, and
allowed it to remain an active facility. Its current mission is to train navigators and support the
Strategic Air Command, which includes maintaining aircraft and other related equipment.
Disposal or spillage of hazardous materials at MAFB has contaminated 34 areas. The majority
of the contamination appears to be concentrated in three of these areas: the 7100 Disposal Area,
the Aircraft Control and Warning (ACW) Disposal Area, and the West Ditch. The 7100
Disposal Area is located along the southwestern boundary of the base. The site originally was a
borrow pit that was excavated in 1953. From 1953 to 1966, this site received petroleum, oil, and
lubricant wastes that probably contained trichloroethylene (TCE) from industrial shops on the
base. Other wastes disposed of at this location include sludge from plating shop dip tanks, oil
and solvent absorbents, paint chips, waste paints and thinners, and transformer fluid
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The ACW Disposal Area is located on the
east-central part of the base between family housing and the aircraft alert apron (a paved area
where aircraft are kept on stand-by status). From 1960 to 1966, waste solvents and oils, possibly
including PCBs and TCE, were poured down an underground pipe. The West Ditch is located
along the road of the base's western perimeter. This unlined drainage ditch receives storm
drainage from much of the base. In 1967, an oil skimmer that received waste oils and solvents
(probably TCE) was installed adjacent to the ditch. The skimmer overflowed and spilled into the
ditch. Also, many of the floor drains from shops around the base are connected to the storm
sewer that enters the West Ditch. Waste oils and solvents from the shops may have entered the
West Ditch through the floor drains and sewer system. The shallow groundwater in these three
areas of the base is contaminated, and domestic off-base wells contain elevated levels of TCE. A
drinking water well at the ACW site became contaminated with TCE and was shut down in
1979. Also, sediments from the 7100 and ACW Disposal areas are contaminated with TCE.
Sediments in the West Ditch are contaminated with TCE and benzene. Housing on the base is
located southwest of the ACW Disposal Area. Private residences are located approximately 1/3
mile west of the West Ditch area. Approximately 10,000 people live within a 1-mile radius of
the site, and approximately 60,000 people within a 3-mile radius of the site depend on
groundwater for their main drinking supplies.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
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April 1991
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Threats and Contaminants
IV
Groundwater, soil, and sediments contain various VOCs including TCE and benzene.
People could be exposed to hazardous chemicals from the site through accidental
ingestion, inhaling, or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, MAFB provided a permanent alternate drinking water
supply to all homes and businesses along Happy Lane. Additional water connections were
installed in homes along Old Placerville Road. Also, MAFB excavated 27 underground
storage tanks that were leaking and tested the soils under them.
Entire Site: In 1989, MAFB began a study of the nature and extent of the contamination
on and off site. The study includes deep boreholes, deep and shallow wells, soil organic
vapor (SOV) surveys, several soil borings, and comprehensive soil and groundwater
sampling. A comprehensive water level measurement and groundwater sampling program began in
1989 and will continue for at least two years. This work will directly lead to an evaluation of the
alternative methods for treating the groundwater and addressing soil contamination. Studies are
scheduled for completion between 1992 and 1993, at which point final cleanup strategies will be
selected. Cleanup will be undertaken in several stages, which will be described in subsequent
editions.
Site Facts: Mather Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate water supply to affected residents has eliminated the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water and continues to protect residents near the Mather Air Force Base site
while studies are being conducted and cleanup actions are being planned.
n 991 m MATHER AIR FORCE BASE
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MPPI PI I AM AIRf19TflfcPKr~A EPA REGION 9
IVIUULtLLAN AII^^UI^ \ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
BASE (GROUND
CONTAMINATIO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024337
Site Description
The 2,952-acre McClellan Air Force Base (MAFB) site was established in 1936 and operates today
as an Air Force Logistics Command Base with a primary mission of management, maintenance, and
repair of aircraft, electronics, and communication equipment. The operation and maintenance of
aircraft have involved the use, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials including industrial
solvents, caustic cleansers, low-level radioactive wastes, and a variety of fuel oils and lubricants.
Approximately 170 waste areas and potential release locations have been identified and have been
divided into 12 subsites. Approximately 22,800 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The
closed municipal well served 23,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sludge, and soil have been contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). People may face a health risk if they accidently ingest or
come in direct contact with contaminants. People also may be at risk if they eat
foods containing accumulated contaminants or if they inhale contaminated dust.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in six stages: immediate actions and five long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site, Area B, Area D, Area A, and Area C. Additional remedial
phases may be added in the future.
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April! 991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the Air Force began to undertake several immediate
actions to reduce threats while cleanup studies are underway. Contaminated soil has been
removed and disposed of from Area D (located in the northwestern area of the base) and
an 11-acre cap was constructed. A groundwater extraction system to control the plume at Area D
also was constructed, and a plant was constructed to treat extracted groundwater. An alternative
water supply was provided to 548 residences with hookups to City and County water supplies. A
carbon filtration system was installed for base well 18. A groundwater extraction system was
installed in Area C. Building 666 was demolished and removed, and 59 underground storage tanks
were removed.
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination at the entire site
began in 1989. At the conclusion of the investigation, recommendations for final cleanup
actions will be presented.
Area B: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination began in 1989. At
the conclusion of the investigation, planned for 1994, recommendations for final cleanup
actions will be presented.
Area D: An investigation into the extent and type of groundwater contamination is
underway. At the conclusion of the investigation, expected in 1992, recommendations for
alternatives for final cleanup will be presented. The Air Force plans to conduct soil gas
treatability studies as part of this study.
Area A: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination at Area A began in
1989. At the conclusion of the investigation, expected in 1997, recommendations for final
cleanup activities will be presented.
Area C: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination at this area began in
1990. At the conclusion of this study, recommendations for final cleanup activities will be
presented.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA, the California Department of Health Services, and the Air Force
signed an Interagency Agreement McClellan Air Force Base is participating in the Installation
Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD)
in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The removal and disposal of contaminated soil and underground tanks, the capping of the
northwestern area of the base, and the installation and operation of a groundwater extraction system
have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants from the McClellan Air Force Base site.
Providing an alternate water supply eliminates the potential of exposure to contaminated drinking
water and continues to protect area residents while studies are taking place and final site cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991 116 MCCLELLAN AIR FORCE BASE
(GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION)
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MCCOLL
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498695
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 39
Orange County
Fullerton
Other Names:
Ramparts & Los Coyotes Tracts
Site Description
The McColl site is an inactive waste disposal facility covering 20 acres. The site consists of two
distinct areas: the Ramparts, which is in the eastern portion of the site and is surrounded by
developed property and residences, and the Los Coyotes Area, which is in the western portion and
underlies a part of the Los Coyotes Country Club Golf Course. The Ramparts area consists of 6
sumps that contained approximately 38,300 cubic yards of waste, and the Los Coyotes area consists
of 6 sumps, which contained approximately 34,300 cubic yards of waste. The best estimate of
contaminated materials volume for the McColl Site is 97,100 cubic yards (72,600 cubic yards of
waste and 24,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil). The refinery waste consists primarily of an
acidic sludge by-product of refined aviation fuel. Attempts were made, in 1951 and 1952, to cover
the waste sumps in Lower Ramparts by depositing drilling mud and, in some areas, soil-based fill
materials. The Los Coyotes area was covered with soil in 1960 to construct the Los Coyotes Golf
Course. In 1968, homes were built in the area. Subsequently, complaints from residents near the
site about odors and health problems initiated investigations by local, State, and Federal agencies.
The Ramparts area was covered in 1983 by a temporary liner. Access to the site is restricted by a
fence and a security guard. There are more than 6,700 people living within 3 miles of the site. The
distance from the site to the nearest residence is less than 100 yards.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
7TV
Air sampling has detected various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater on
site has been contaminated with heavy metals, VOCs, and inorganic chemicals. At
several on-site locations, sulfuric acid has been detected in the petroleum-based mud.
On-site soil sampling identified arsenic and VOCs. People may face a health risk from
direct contact with contaminated soils or inhaling soil gas emissions. They also may be
at risk from contact with contaminated groundwater.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: initial actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the groundwater, and the soil.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: On various occasions, the EPA stabilized a capped sludge pit that
periodically leaked and removed the sludge to an off-site landfill. Access to the site has
been restricted by a fence and a security guard.
Entire Site: In 1984, a cleanup remedy including excavation and re-disposal of the
wastes at an approved disposal facility was selected. Groundwater monitoring wells were
installed on site and were sampled to determine whether groundwater had been
contaminated by the soil. A court injunction in 1985 stopped the transfer of the contaminated soil.
In response to this injunction, the EPA has conducted various treatability studies, including rotary
kiln incineration, low temperature thermal extraction, solvent extraction, and a trial excavation of the
waste itself.
Groundwater: Monitoring well samples taken in 1987 indicated contaminants in the
waste may have leached into the groundwater. Additional sampling confirmed that
groundwater has been affected. A groundwater investigation began in 1990 to determine
the nature and extent of the contamination and to identify cleanup alternatives. This investigation is
scheduled for completion in 1994.
Soil: An investigation is underway to determine the extent and type of contamination for
the soil not transferred due to a court injunction. At the completion of the investigation,
planned for 1993, alternatives for the cleanup of the soil will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sludge to an off-site landfill and the construction of a fence have greatly reduced the
potential of exposure to contaminated sludge at the McColl site while further studies continue and
cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 118 MCCOLL
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MGM BRAKES
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD000074120
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Sonoma County
Cloverdale
The MGM Brakes facility has manufactured and cast brake components for large motor vehicles at
this 5-acre site since 1965. From 1965 until 1972, hydraulic fluids containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) were used to cast the brakes. Wastewater containing PCBs then was discharged
into a field south of the plant. The company also discharged wastewater containing ethylene glycol
on site from 1972 until 1981. The ethylene glycol reacts with water and makes it easy for PCBs
already in the ground to travel rapidly over wide areas. In 1981, the California Regional Water
Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) discovered PCB in the soils of the open field and in the casting
plant. The State ordered the company to stop all discharge activity and to investigate the nature and
extent of contamination. Runoff from the site drains into Icaria Creek, which is a tributary to the
Russian River. Intakes on the river, 1 mile from the site, supply drinking water to Marin and
Sonoma Counties. The river also supplies water to farms in the area for irrigating crops.
Approximately 4,280 people live in the surrounding community of Cloverdale. There are 40 homes
within 1/2 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
Air contains PCBs. The concrete slab in the casting building on site contains PCBs.
Groundwater on and off site and surface water runoff are contaminated with PCBs.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in groundwater off site. Soil on and
off site contains PCBs and xylenes. People could be exposed to hazardous chemicals
from the site by inhaling contaminants in the air; drinking contaminated groundwater or
surface water; or coming in direct contact with contaminated surface water, groundwater,
or soils. Drainage possibly containing PCBs from the ditch flows into Icaria Creek and
into the Russian River during periods of heavy rainfall.
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April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1981, the CRWQCB ordered MGM Brakes to study the nature and
extent of PCB contamination at the site. The company completed its study in 1983, and
the EPA used the results to recommend alternative methods for cleaning up the site.
However, community objections to the remedy and new information on the site led the EPA to
conduct a second study of the site in 1988 and to select the following alternatives to address
contamination at the site: (1) excavate approximately 15,000 cubic yards of soil contaminated with
high levels of PCBs and dispose of it off site; (2) fill, grade, and plant the excavated area with
vegetation; (3) pump and treat contaminated groundwater to remove PCBs and VOCs, then
discharge to the local wastewater treatment system; and (4) monitor groundwater off site and, if
necessary, treat it. Cleanup began in early 1991 and is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA entered into a Consent Decree with MGM Brakes, in which the
company has agreed to design and construct the remedy selected by the EPA.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at MGM Brakes while further studies are taking place and final
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 120 MGM BRAKES
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GROUND
CONTAMINATIO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981997752
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
The City of Modesto began monitoring groundwater at this site in 1984 and found 12 of 24 wells
tested to be contaminated. Municipal Well #11 was found to be contaminated with
tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and was taken out of service. Well #1 1 is one of 35 municipal wells in
the City of Modesto and contributes to the city's municipal water service. In 1988, monitoring
indicated contaminants were no longer present, and the well was placed back in service. A private
well, Elk's Club Well, was closed because of contamination. The California Department of Health
Services and the Stanislaus County Environmental Health Department have identified Halford's
Cleaners as a likely source of contamination. The operation is located less than 1/2 mile southeast
and upgradient of Municipal Well #1 1. The agencies found PCE in subsurface soil at Halford's
during the excavation of a cement slab that supported dry cleaning equipment. In addition, the
cleaner's discharge to the sewer was contaminated. The Modesto municipal water supply serves
approximately 142,000 people. The nearest residence is within 25 feet of the well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Dale: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with PCE. People may face a health risk if they
accidently ingest, inhale, or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or
soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Information on the soil and groundwater contamination around the dry
cleaner was collected during a removal assessment in 1990. As a result of this assessment,
in early 1991, the EPA began to remove contaminated soil surrounding the dry cleaner.
This action is expected to be completed in 1991.
Entire Site: The EPA began an investigation of the site in early 1991. Monitoring wells
are being installed to help determine the type and extent of contamination. At the
conclusion of the investigation, expected in 1993, alternative remedies for cleanup of the
site will be recommended.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil from the site will reduce the threat of exposure to contaminants
while studies are underway at the Modesto Ground Water Contamination Site.
April! 991
122
MODESTO GROUND WATER
CONTAMINATION
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MOFFETT
NAVAL AIR
STATION
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CA2170090078
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
10 miles north of San Jose
Other Names:
Naval Air Station Moffett Field
The 1,500-acre Moffett Naval Air Station site provides aircraft maintenance operations in support of
anti-submarine patrol. There are 19 areas of contamination identified by the Navy on the station,
with four areas being clusters of underground tanks or sumps within a geographic area. Other areas
include two landfills and operational areas that led to spills or releases into the environment.
Hazardous materials from aircraft maintenance and base operations, which were disposed of on-
base, have caused soil, sediment, and groundwater contamination. Materials disposed of include
solvents, caustics, acids, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and aviation fuels. The closest
residence is 2,000 feet from the site. Approximately 272,000 people depend on wells within 3 miles
of the station as a source of drinking water. Private and public wells are in use within 3/4 miles of
the site. The estuarine wetlands of San Francisco Bay are adjacent to the base.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
Groundwater and soil contain various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). People who
accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soils may
be at risk. The adjacent wetlands may be harmed should contaminants migrate off base.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on base-wide cleanup and source control.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The evaluation and closure of abandoned wells that may be potential
conduits for subsurface cross-contamination have been initiated.
Base-Wide: In 1989, the Navy began a thorough investigation to determine the type and
extent of contamination base-wide. Once the investigation is completed, scheduled for
1997, measures will be recommended to clean up each contaminated area.
Source Control: In 1989, the Navy began an investigation to determine the source of
contamination on the base. This investigation is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: Moffett Naval Air Station is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contamination at military and other DoD
facilities.
Environmental Progress
The closure of abandoned wells has reduced the potential migration of contaminated soil into the
groundwater at the Moffett Naval Air Station site while studies are taking place and final cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991 124 MOFFETT NAVAL AIR STATION
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MONOLITHI
MEMORIES
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD049236201
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
Advanced Micro Devices
AMD-Arques
Monolithic Memories manufactures integrated circuits on this 20-acre site. The facility consists of
four buildings that were used for production, assembly, storage, offices, and laboratories. In 1982,
monitoring wells on the site were found to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Contamination probably resulted from leaking pipes in solvent waste drains. The
company has removed two subsurface waste solvent tanks and two subsurface acid neutralization
systems. In 1986, under the direction of the State, the company began pumping and treating the
groundwater to contain the contaminant plume. The property was purchased by Advanced Micro
Devices (AMD) in 1987, and the company has assumed the ongoing activities. The contaminant
plume has merged with the National Semiconductor plume (located immediately upgradient of
Monolithic). This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these
sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have
contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL,
the EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach
to cleaning up the contamination. Approximately 300,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and
depend on groundwater as their source of drinking water. A medical clinic is adjacent to the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People who drink or come in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
125
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Pump and treat activities have been operating in the groundwater
aquifers since 1986.
Entire site: Monolithic Memories is conducting an investigation to determine the type
and extent of contamination at the site. Once this investigation is completed, scheduled
for 1991, measures will be selected for final site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
groundwater at the Monolithic Memories site while studies are taking place and further cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991
126
MONOLITHIC MEMORIES
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MONTROSE
CHEMICAL CO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD008242711
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 27
Los Angeles County
Torrance
Site Description
The 13-acre Montrose Chemical Corp. site was the location of a plant that manufactured the
pesticide DDT from 1947 until 1982. Operations included formulation, grinding, packaging, and
distribution of the pesticide. Various locations across the site were used for storage of either DDT or
waste products. The area used as a settling and recycling pond for process wastes was completely
unlined until 1970, when it was lined with concrete. In 1985, Montrose regraded and paved the site
with asphalt to reduce the further migration of contaminants until final cleanup of the site.
Approximately 3,000 people live or work within 1/4 mile of the site. The two upper aquifers are
contaminated, but neither is used as a source of drinking water. Contamination recently has been
detected in the next deeper aquifer, but the closest drinking water well is 2 miles southeast of the site
and draws water from the two deepest aquifers. Storm water flows from the site into the Normandie
Avenue Ditch, to the Kenwood Drain, to Torrance Lateral, Dominguez Channel, Consolidated Slip,
and finally, into Los Angeles Harbor.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
IV
Soils, surface water, and groundwater are contaminated with DDT and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Storm drain and sewer sediments are contaminated with DDT.
People living or working in an area with DDT in the soil or dust may be exposed to the
chemical in any of three ways: ingestion of contaminated soil, inhalation of
contaminated dust, or through direct contact with contaminated soil. The concentrations
of DDT are not high enough to produce any immediate health effects, but there is an
increased risk of cancer for individuals exposed to the contaminated dust or soil over a
long period of time.
127
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1989, Montrose constructed a temporary asphalt cover over the
contaminated soil areas.
Entire Site: Montrose Chemical Corporation, under EPA monitoring, is conducting an
investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site. Once the
investigation is completed, scheduled for 1992, measures will be recommended for final
site cleanup. Part of this investigation is an environmental assessment of the sediments in the
sanitary sewer line that are contaminated with DDT.
Site Facts: In 1983, the EPA issued an Administrative Order, requiring Montrose Chemical to
cease all discharges of DDT and to initiate a study to determine the nature and extent of
contamination. In 1985,1987, and 1989, the EPA and Montrose signed additional orders requiring
Montrose to expand its studies.
Environmental Progress
The construction of the asphalt cover has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated soil at
the Montrose Chemical Corp. site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are
being planned.
April 1991
128
MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORP.
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NATIONAL
SEMICONDUC
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD041472986
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
The National Semiconductor Corp. manufactures electronic equipment at this 50-acre site.
Underground storage tanks, sumps, and pipes are suspected to be the source of contaminated
groundwater and soil. National Semiconductor has taken leaking tanks out of service, instituted a
program of pumping and treating the groundwater, and removed contaminated soil from selected
areas of the facility. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at
these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have
contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the
EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to
the contamination. Approximately 300,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and depend on
groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
II
There is significant contamination of soil and shallow groundwater by volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Trace amounts of one chlorinated solvent have been detected in a
municipal supply well located on site and in the deeper aquifers. Water from this supply
well is used to supplement the city system on weekends only. Considering the low
concentration and the dilution with the rest of the city water when in use, this water is not
of public health concern at its present level of contamination. People who accidentally
ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soils may be at risk.
129
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, 36 cubic yards of soil and a waste solvent tank were
removed. Since 1982, approximately 400 cubic yards of chemical-bearing soils have been
removed. The company has begun a program of pumping and treating the groundwater to
contain the contaminated plume while site studies are underway.
Entire Site: In 1989, National Semiconductor began investigating the type and extent of
contamination at the site. Once the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1991, the
EPA will select the final remedies for site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and the operation of a groundwater pump and treatment system
have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contamination at the National Semiconductor Corp.
site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being selected.
April 1991 130 NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
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NEWMARK
GROUND WATE
CONTAMINATION
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981434517
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino
Other Names:
North San Bernardino Muscoy Site
San Bernardino - Muscoy Area
The Newmark Ground Water Contamination site covers a portion of the contaminated area of an
essential groundwater aquifer underlying the City of San Bernardino. Groundwater contamination
from other sources in the Bunker Hill Basin Aquifer, such as Norton Air Force Base to the south and
Camp Ono/Muscoy to the southwest, are not considered parts of this site. Although the disposal
occurred in the late 1950s through the 1970s, the problem was not discovered until a water supply
monitoring program was instituted in 1980. A plume of chlorinated solvents, tetrachloroethylene
(PCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) closed 13 water supply wells within a 4-mile radius of the site.
The State brought ten of the wells back into operation by installing air stripping towers with carbon
filtration emission controls on eight wells and a carbon filtration system on the other two. More than
25% of the municipal water supply for the City of San Bernardino's 165,000 residents has been
affected by the advancing contamination plume. The City of Riverside (250,000 people) relies on
wells downgradient from the Newmark contamination for approximately 75% of its total water
supply. The rapidly growing communities of Colton, Loma Linda, Fontana, Rialto (approximately
115,000 people), and unincorporated areas also use water from wells unprotected from the
contamination. No alternative water sources currently are available.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including TCE and PCE.
People who drink or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater may suffer
adverse health effects.
131
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire site: The EPA began an investigation in 1990 to determine the type and extent of
the groundwater contamination. Once the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1992,
remedies will be recommended for final site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Newmark Ground Water Contamination site while studies
are ongoing and final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
132
NEWMARK GROUND WATER
CONTAMINATION
-------
NORTON AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024345
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino
Other Names:
Area II Landfill
Site Description
The 2,003-acrc Norton Air Force Base site began operations in 1942 and has served as a major
overhaul center for jet engines and the general repair of aircraft. The site formerly had the
responsibility of providing maintenance and logistics for liquid-fuel intercontinental ballistic
missiles. Past hazardous waste management practices may have contributed to existing
contamination problems throughout the base. The practices include burial of drums and other
unspecified materials; disposal of waste oils, solvents, and paint residues into landfills, unlined pits,
ponds, and drying beds; storage in leaking underground tanks; and spills of gas, oils, solvents,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and acids. There are more than 20 areas of contamination on the
base including two landfills, six discharge areas, four chemical pits, a fire training area, a fuel spill
area, a PCB spill area, a chemical spill area, two waste storage areas, an underground storage tank
area, and a low-level radioactive waste burial site. Well water is used by approximately 11,000
people who live or work on the base.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater contains arsenic and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil also
is contaminated with VOCs, PCBs, and heavy metals including chromium and copper.
People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater
or soils may be at risk. However, drinking water wells show no contamination.
133
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the central base area, the northeast area, and the industrial
wastewater treatment plant and golf course area.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the Air Force removed the industrial wastewater
treatment plant sludge drying beds. A well contaminated with low levels of VOCs is
being monitored. A pump and treat system is being designed to act as a barrier to further
migration of contaminants. In 1989,24 underground storage tanks were removed. In 1991, the
removal of the floor in Building 763 is expected to be completed.
Entire site: In 1989, the Air Force began a thorough investigation of contamination
throughout the entire base. Once the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1992,
measures will be recommended for final cleanup.
Central Base Area: In 1989, the Air Force began an investigation of the central area of
the base, which is expected to be completed in 1992. This investigation will determine the
type and extent of contamination. At that time, remedies for final cleanup of the North
Central Area will be recommended.
Northeast Area: In 1989, the Air Force began an investigation to determine the nature
and extent of contamination in the northeastern area of the base. Once this investigation is
completed, scheduled for 1992, measures will be recommended for cleanup.
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant and Golf Course Area: In 1989, the Air
Force began an investigation of the industrial wastewater treatment plant and golf course
areas to determine the type and extent of contamination. Remedies will be recommended
for final site cleanup when the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1994.
Site Facts: In 1986, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and
Abatement Order, requiring Norton to clean the Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge
Drying Beds. Norton Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of the sludge drying beds, the removal of underground storage tanks, and the
groundwater pump and treat system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the
Norton Air Force Base site while further studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being
planned.
April 1991 134 NORTON AIR FORCE BASE
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OPERATING
INDUSTRIES, I
LANDFILL
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAT080012024
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
Monterey Park
Other Names:
Monterey Park Landfill
Beginning in 1948, the 190-acre Operating Industries, Inc. Landfill site was operated by the
Monterey Park Disposal Company as a municipal landfill for the city. In 1952, the site was
purchased by Operating Industries, Inc. (Oil). The landfill was licensed to accept various types of
refuse including sludges from production of chrome oxide and solids and tank bottom sludges from
petroleum refining operations. In 1964, the State purchased 28 acres of the land owned by OH to
construct the Pomona Freeway, which divided the site into two sections. The North Parcel is 45
acres, and the South Parcel is approximately 145 acres. In 1983, OH stopped accepting all liquid
wastes; disposal of all solid wastes ended in 1984. The landfill has a limited leachate collection
system in the South Parcel. Initially, the collected leachate was re-disposed into the landfill;
however, this action ceased in 1984. Currently, the leachate temporarily is stored on site, then is
trucked to an off-site treatment facility. Landfill gas monitoring systems have been installed on both
the North and South parcels, while a limited collection system was installed on the South Parcel.
The EPA collected gas samples in 1984 from an adjacent housing development that confirmed the
presence of methane and vinyl chloride in soils. Interior home samples contained low levels of
methane. In 1985, elevated levels of methane and vinyl chloride were detected in a home adjacent to
the landfill. Approximately 23,000 people live within 3 miles of the site, and 2,100 people live
within 1,000 feet of the landfill.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
Air, groundwater, soil, and leachate contain various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Potential health threats include inhaling gases, direct contact, or accidentally ingesting
contaminated groundwater, soils, or leachate. There is also the potential for an explosion
or fire at the site.
135
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: emergency actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on leachate management, installation of a gas control system, site control and monitoring,
and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA fenced the site and posted a guard to keep trespassers
from coming into contact with hazardous substances. The EPA has conducted a number
of emergency actions, including rehabilitation of the main gas flare station, slope stability
and erosion control improvements, surface runoff and drainage improvements, and off-site trucking
and treating of the leachate collected at the site. Approximately 5,500,000 gallons of leachate have
been collected.
Leachate Management: In 1987, the EPA decided to address the contaminated
leachate in the landfill by on-site treatment of leachate and other collected hazardous
liquids. A facility will be constructed on the site and the treated effluent will be
discharged to the Los Angeles County Sanitation District Sewerage System. Under EPA
monitoring, the potentially responsible parties are designing the technical specifications for the
leachate treatment system. Once the design phase is completed, scheduled for late 1991, cleanup
actions will begin.
Gas Control System: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to control the gas in the
landfill by: (1) installing landfill gas extraction wells along die perimeter and on the top
deck of the landfill; (2) installing shallow and deep slope wells to control subsurface
migration at the perimeter; (3) installing landfill gas destruction facilities, new gas collection
headers, and an automated control station for the gas control system; (4) installing sumps to collect
condensate from gas headers; (5) installing leachate pumps in gas wells to dewater saturated zones;
(6) installing leachate sumps; and (7) installing a cap. The design and implementation of the cleanup
actions are scheduled to begin in 1992.
Site Control and Monitoring: In 1987, the EPA determined that repairs to existing
systems and preventive maintenance and improvements were required to adequately
control and monitor cleanup actions. Gas wells and leachate pumping and collection will
be monitored. The potentially responsible parties are conducting the cleanup, under EPA
monitoring.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began a study to define the extent of environmental
problems throughout the site. After this study is completed, scheduled for 1993, the EPA
will select final remedies to clean up the entire site.
Site Facts: In 1989, a Consent Decree was entered into by the EPA and over 100 companies that
disposed of waste at the site. A number of these companies formed a cooperative group, referred to
as the Steering Committee, to address the contamination at the site.
April 1991 136 OPERATING INDUSTRIES, INC. LANDFILL
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Environmental Progress
The fencing of the site, removal of leachate, and the other emergency actions to control flammable
site gases have reduced the potential threats from contaminated materials at the Operating Industries,
Inc. Landfill site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
OPERATING INDUSTRIES, INC. LANDFILL
137
ApriM991
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PACIFIC COAST
PIPE LINES
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980636781
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 20
Ventura County
Fillmore
Other Names:
Fillmore Texaco Refinery
Site Description
From 1920 to 1952, the 100-acre Pacific Coast Pipe Lines site was operated by Texaco as an oil
refinery. During this time, refinery wastes were deposited into eight unlined waste pits. The largest
waste pit was on the western boundary of the site. In 1980, Texaco requested permission from the
Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (LARWQCB) to use refinery wastes to
resurface on-site service roads. During site investigations, the LARWQCB detected lead at the
pump station site. Between 1981 and 1984, Texaco performed an environmental assessment of the
site. Soil and groundwater were found to be contaminated with heavy metals and benzene.
Approximately 10,000 people obtain drinking water and as many as 4,000 acres of agricultural land
are irrigated from wells within 3 miles of the site. The site is secured by a barbed wire fence. The
Santa Clara River is within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
IT
Groundwater is contaminated with benzene. Arsenic and lead are present in the
soil. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soils may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
139
April! 991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, Texaco excavated the main waste pit and smaller areas
and transported the soil to a federally approved hazardous waste storage facility.
Entire Site: The EPA is investigating the nature and extent of the contamination at the
site. Once the investigation is completed in 1991, measures will be recommended for site
cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of the main waste pit and the removal of the contaminated soil have reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminants at the Pacific Coast Pipe Lines site while further studies are
taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
140
PACIFIC COAST PIPE LINES
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PURITY Oil IK ^o _i X EPA REGION 9
rUnil T UIL. M\ Oj-* CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 18
CAI CC IMP USt/JT Fresno County
OML.C.O/ MM VP. \SK/KV 1/2 mile south of Fresno
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980736151
Site Description
The 7-acre Purity Oil Sales Inc. site operated as a used oil reprocessing facility from 1934 until
1974. The oil and by-products from the refining process were collected and stored in sumps and
storage tanks and were disposed of on site in sludge pits. Waste oil sludge was used by local farmers
for dust control, sent to the Orange County dump, or buried on site in unlined pits and ponds.
Contamination problems resulted from the improper storage and disposal of wastes. Numerous
surface spills occurred during site operations. In 1973, Purity Oil began to empty and backfill the
waste pits. Although the waste pits were backfilled with construction debris, there is no evidence
that the pits were emptied. In 1976, a fire at the site destroyed the main warehouse building and
adjacent equipment. The remaining equipment was removed from the site, and the area was partially
regraded. Seven aboveground steel tanks are present on site. The tanks are believed to have been
used to store oil prior to reprocessing and during the acidification process. One of the tanks has an
exterior asbestos coating. Although the tanks are not leaking severely, the steel on all of the tanks is
rusting. All buildings have been removed from the site, and the site has been fenced. By 1982, the
site was abandoned. Approximately 180 residents live in an adjacent trailer park. The Fresno
Aquifer, designated as a sole source aquifer, provides water for municipal, industrial, and
agricultural purposes, as well as for a number of private wells. A number of properties in the area
are not supplied with municipal water. Some of these wells have been affected by site contaminants.
The site is located in the San Joaquin River drainage basin, and the San Joaquin River is 12 miles
north of the Purity site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals including iron and manganese. Sediment samples taken from the North
Central Canal indicate the presence of lead. Soils are contaminated with phenols,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, oil and grease, VOCs, and heavy metals
including lead, copper, and zinc. The contaminants identified in tank samples include
PCBs, pesticides, and heavy metals including lead and zinc. Direct contact with
contaminated site soils may present a health threat. However, since the site is fenced, the
potential of direct contact with soils has been minimized. Other potential health threats
to people include the use of contaminated groundwater or surface water by residents or
workers or inhaling site dusts.
141 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and tanks and soil cleanup.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: During 1984, the site was covered with concrete to reduce potential
human contact with site wastes. In 1985, the EPA staged and sampled drums, sampled
pits and the area surrounding them, and subsequently removed 58 cubic yards of
contaminated debris and soil from the railroad property, transporting it for disposal at an approved
hazardous waste storage facility. Approximately 1,800 cubic yards of hazardous materials from two
waste pits and numerous surface seeps were shipped for disposal, and 25,000 gallons of liquids from
an aboveground tank were removed. Sludge from the pits was solidified, and the pits were
excavated and backfilled. In 1987, the EPA removed an additional 33,000 gallons of oil and water
from an on-site tank. The site was completely fenced in 1987.
Groundwater and Tanks: The EPA selected final cleanup remedies for cleanup of
the tanks that include removal and off-site disposal of remaining contaminated wastes in
the tanks; solidification of tank wastes prior to off-site disposal, if necessary; and
cleaning, dismantling, and off-site disposal of the tanks. The final cleanup remedies to address
groundwater contamination include: use of extraction wells and on-site air stripping technology for
the removal of contaminants from the groundwater, and use of a process known as greensand to
filter iron and manganese from the water. The treated groundwater will be disposed of using one or
more of the following methods: reinjection of groundwater into the aquifer; disposal into the North
Central Canal; or disposal into local infiltration basins. Groundwater will be monitored to verify
contaminant cleanup. An alternate water supply will be provided to affected private well users
northwest of the site. The EPA removed remaining tanks in 1991. The residences with
contaminated private wells northwest of the site are expected to be hooked up to the Malaga County
Water District in 1992. Treatment of contaminated groundwater is scheduled to begin in 1993,
following the design and construction of the air stripping system.
Soil: The EPA conducted an investigation into the nature and extent of soil
contamination at the site. The investigation included soil treatability studies. The
treatability studies indicated that the proposed cleanup plan, which included stabilization
of the upper layers of soil and vapor extraction of contaminants from lower layers of soil, would not
adequately address lead contamination. Based on this new information, the EPA will be issuing a
new proposed plan for soil cleanup. The EPA is expected to choose the final remedy in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous materials and the fencing of the site have greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated materials at the Purity Oil Sales site while studies are taking place and
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 142 PURITY OIL SALES, INC.
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RAYTHEON10
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009205097
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Other Names:
Raytheon Semi Conductor Division
The Raytheon Corp. operates as a manufacturer of semiconductor products on this 30-acre site. The
Intel Corp. (Mountain View Plant) site, the Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (Mountain View Plant)
site, and this site are being cleaned up simultaneously. All three sites are located in the Middlefield/
Ellis/Whisman (MEW) study area. Various industrial activities conducted in the area of the site
include semiconductor manufacturing, metal finishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft
maintenance, and other activities requiring the use, storage, and handling of a variety of chemicals,
particularly solvents. Site investigations at several of these facilities during 1981 and 1982 revealed
significant contamination from toxic chemicals, primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in
soil and groundwater. The primary causes of the contamination were leaking storage tanks and lines
and poor management practices. Most of the site runoff is intercepted by a storm drain system and is
discharged to an off-site creek. This site is one of 28 in the South Bay Area of San Francisco that
contaminates a common groundwater basin. Approximately 270,000 people within 3 miles of the
site depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater beneath the site and site soils are contaminated primarily with VOCs.
Potential health threats to people include drinking of contaminated groundwater,
accidental ingestion of contaminated soils, and coming in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater and soils.
143
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Cleanup activities currently being conducted at the site by the
potentially responsible parties include tank removals, well sealing, soil removal and
treatment, construction of slurry walls around contaminated soil areas, and treatment of
local groundwater.
Entire Site: The final cleanup technologies chosen to address groundwater
contamination are extraction and treatment of groundwater. Extracted groundwater will be
treated by air stripping towers. Emission controls by granular activated carbon may be
required. The treated groundwater will be reused, and the water that cannot be reused will be
discharged to local streams. This cleanup phase also includes the identification and sealing of any
potential conduit wells. Inward and upward hydraulic gradients will be maintained by pumping and
treatment inside the slurry walls. The aquifers within, and adjacent to, the constructed slurry walls
will be monitored regularly. The selected cleanup technologies to address soil contamination are in-
place vapor extraction, with treatment by vapor phase granular activated carbon, and excavation with
air treatment. Most of the vapor extraction will take place within the slurry walls that contain the
bulk of site soil contamination. Several smaller areas outside of the slurry walls also will be cleaned
by in-place vapor extraction. Raytheon, a potentially responsible party, is expected to begin
preparing the technical specifications and design for the selected groundwater and soil cleanup
remedies, under EPA monitoring in 1991. Groundwater and soil cleanup activities are scheduled to
begin once the design phase is completed in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to several potentially
responsible parties, including Raytheon Corporation. The Order required the parties to conduct an
investigation into the nature and extent of site contamination and to recommend alternatives for final
site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and soil and the construction of slurry walls have greatly reduced the potential
of exposure to contaminated materials at the Raytheon Corp. site while the design of additional
cleanup remedies is taking place.
April 1991 144 RAYTHEON CORP.
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EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. is
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA72 10020759
Site Description
Names:
Nl Industries Inc. Riverbank Pit
The 173-acre Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant site has been used to manufacture materials
including cartridge cases, grenades, and projectiles, since 1951. The site is comprised of the 145-
acre main facility and four unlined industrial waste treatment ponds in the flood plain of the
Stanislaus River approximately 1 1/2 miles north of the main facility. In 1942, the Aluminum
Company of America constructed the site plant as an aluminum reduction plant to supply the
military. The plant closed in 1944 and reopened in 1951, with Norris Industries, Inc. as the
operating contractor. As a result of industrial activities, the site has generated corrosive wastes,
solvents, and wastewater containing heavy metals. Reportedly, significant levels of contaminants,
including chromium and cyanide, have migrated into groundwater close to or beyond the installation
boundary. Studies also have determined that sediments in the waste treatment ponds contain
elevated levels of zinc. Overflows from the ponds have dumped into the Stanislaus River, and the
river has occasionally overflowed into the ponds during periods of flooding. Approximately 13,700
people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site, and at least
3,500 acres of nut and fruit orchards are irrigated partially by groundwater. The Stanislaus River is
used for irrigation and recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with chromium and cyanide. Sediments in the waste
treatment ponds contain zinc. Potential health threats to people include direct contact
with contaminated groundwater and sediments, drinking contaminated groundwater, and
accidentally ingesting contaminated sediments.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: When chromium contamination was found in off-post domestic
supply wells in 1989, the Army replaced those wells with deeper wells. An interim
groundwater treatment system was completed in 1990. Also in 1990, the Army began to
clean up the sediments in the evaporation/percolation ponds. A permanent water supply connection
is under construction and should be completed in 1992.
Entire Site: The Army currently is conducting an investigation into the nature and
extent of site contamination. The investigation will define the nature and extent of
contaminants and will recommend alternatives for the final site cleanup. The investigation
is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: The Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD
facilities.
Environmental Progress
The replacement of the drinking water wells and the construction of a groundwater treatment system
have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Riverbank Army
Ammunition Plant site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 146 RIVERBANK ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT
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SACRAMENTO
ARMY DEPOT
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA0210020780
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
Sacramento
The 485-acre Sacramento Army Depot site is a supply depot primarily responsible for the receipt,
storage, issuance, maintenance, and disposal of electronics supplies. The Sacramento Army Depot
was established in 1945. Wastes from metal-plating operations, spray booth operations, and
degreasing operations were discharged to unlined sewage lagoons, burned, or buried on site. These
practices have resulted in the contamination of some on-site soils at the Former Oxidation Lagoons
and Burn Pits and other areas, as well as the groundwater beneath the site. Soil contamination also
was shown in drainage ditches leading to the Old Morrison Creek Bed. Approximately 50,000
people live within 3 miles of the site. Morrison Creek flows around the southern boundaries of
Sacramento Army Depot. The groundwater contamination at the site is in the shallow and
intermediate water-bearing zones and has migrated off site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soils at
the Former Oxidation Lagoons contain heavy metals including lead, cadmium, and
chromium. Surface soils from on-site drainage ditches are contaminated with heavy
metals including cadmium. Potential health threats to people include drinking, eating,
breathing, or direct contact with contaminated soils or groundwater.
147
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site,
groundwater, Tank 2, the oxidation lagoons, and the burn pits.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Army currently is investigating the nature and extent of contamination
associated with the site. The investigations will define the contaminants and will
recommend alternatives for final cleanup. The investigations are planned to be
completed in 1996. There are plans to close the old oxidation lagoons and oil bum pits and to
remove leaking storage tanks.
Groundwater: In 1990, the Army began operation of a groundwater treatment facility.
Seven groundwater extraction wells pump the water to the treatment plant where
hydrogen peroxide is added and then the water passes through a bank of ultraviolet lights
to be decontaminated. The plant currently treats 1/2 million gallons of contaminated groundwater
per day. The water subsequently is discharged into a sanitary sewer. Treatment of the groundwater
will be ongoing until 1995.
Tank 2: A study of the contamination around Tank 2 is underway. It is scheduled for
completion in 1991. As an interim step, soil cleanup in the Tank-2 area is scheduled to
begin in late 1991.
Oxidation Lagoons: In 1988, the Army began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination related to the oxidation lagoons. A decision on cleanup alternatives is
expected in 1992.
Burn Pits: In 1991, the Army plans to begin a study of the contamination in and around
the burn pits. Cleanup methods are scheduled to be selected in 1992.
Site Facts: The Sacramento Army Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The operation of the groundwater treatment facility will protect area residents from exposure to
contaminated groundwater at the Sacramento Army Depot site while further studies are taking place
and final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 148 SACRAMENTO ARMY DEPOT
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SAN FERNANDO
VALLEY V °
(AREA1)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894893
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Los Angeles County
North Hollywood
Other Names:
emando Valley North Hollywood Welffield
North Hollywood Operable Unit
Burbank Operable Unit
San Fernando Valley (Area 1) is an area of contaminated groundwater covering approximately 9,336
acres in the vicinity of the North Hollywood section of the City of Los Angeles and the City of
Burbank. This area is part of the San Fernando Valley Basin, a natural underground reservoir.
Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discovered in 1980. Some
groundwater contaminants currently affecting the Basin's water supply can be traced back to a
period between the 1940s and the 1960s, when the disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes
was unregulated throughout the Valley. The discharging of chemicals still may be happening today.
After 1980, contaminated wells either were taken out of service or were blended with water from
clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area because water from the
metropolitan water district and the City of Los Angeles, alternate sources of drinking water, may not
always be available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a groundwater monitoring
program conducted from 1981 through 1987 revealed approximately 50% of the water supply wells
in the eastern portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of
the wells have been shut down. There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3
miles of the site. More than 60 public drinking water supply wells are located within the Area 1 site
perimeter; 56 are owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, and 11
are owned by the Burbank Public Service Department. The Basin provides drinking water to the
communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La Crescenta, serving approximately 600,000
residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, municipal, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Exposure to VOC contamination can
occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with contaminated groundwater. However,
before the site was listed on the NPL, local water customers were, and still are being
provided with imported drinking water or mixed imported and groundwater, thereby
reducing the threat of exposure.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on area-wide groundwater cleanup, cleanup of the North Hollywood Area, and cleanup of
the Burbank Area.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Removal of contaminated materials, mostly sludge, from the property of
a plating facility in Burbank currently is taking place. This action is planned to be
completed in 1991.
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation into the
area-wide groundwater contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin.
This will include the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The EPA is
studying the extent and nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term cleanup
alternatives for the site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1993.
North Hollywood Area: Based on the results of the study conducted by the State, the
EPA has chosen the following interim cleanup remedy: groundwater pump and treatment
using aeration and granular activated carbon air filtering units, with discharge of treated
water to the Department of Water and Power's pumping station for chlorination and distribution as a
public water supply. Construction of the treatment plant at the site began in 1987. The system was
activated in 1989; the pump and treat system will continue for at least 10 years. Water is pumped to
an aeration tower. There, the contaminants are stripped from the water by an air stripper. These
contaminants are then captured by a carbon adsorption system to limit air emissions of the
compounds. The spent carbon will be removed and scheduled either for disposal or regeneration.
Treated water is transferred to a holding reservoir before entering the city's distribution system.
Approximately 50% of the production wells are still being pumped, with the other 50% of the wells
shut down due to contamination. Cleanup activities are expected to be complete by 1991.
Burbank Area: In 1989, the interim cleanup remedy selected for the Burbank area of the
site was extraction of groundwater from new extraction wells in the most highly
contaminated zones. The contaminated water will be treated through a stripping process
(air or steam) to remove the organic solvents. Carbon adsorption will be used to treat air emissions
from the air stripping process. The treated water then will be used directly by the City of Burbank's
Public Service Department for drinking water or reinjected into the aquifer. The remedy design
phase is scheduled to begin in 1991.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power entered into a
Cooperative Agreement for the Basin-wide investigation of the San Fernando Valley Basin. The
potentially responsible parties will continue to conduct site cleanup, with EPA oversight.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply, the operation of the groundwater treatment systems have
greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley
(Area 1) site and will continue to protect residents near this site while final cleanup activities are
being planned.
April 1991 150 SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 1)
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SAN FERNAND
VALLEY (AREA 2
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894901
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles and Glendale
Other Names:
San Fernando Valley Basin-Crystal
Springs Area
Glendale Operable Unit
Site Description
San Fernando Valley (Area 2) is an area of contaminated groundwater covering approximately 6*680
acres in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Well Field in the Cities of Los Angeles and Glendale.
This area is part of the San Fernando Valley Basin, a natural underground reservoir. Groundwater
contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discovered in 1980. Some groundwater
contaminants currently affecting the Basin's water supply can be traced back to a period between the
1940s and 1960s, when the disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes was unregulated
throughout the Valley. The discharging of some chemicals still may be occurring. To alleviate the
groundwater contamination, wells either were taken out of service or well water was blended with
water from clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area, because
water from the metropolitan water district, an alternate source of drinking water, may not always be
available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a groundwater monitoring program
conducted from 1981 to 1987 revealed approximately 50% of the water supply wells in the eastern
portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the wells have
been shut down. There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3 miles of this site.
Approximately 50 public drinking water supply wells are located within the Area 2 site perimeter.
The Basin provides drinking water to the communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La
Crescenta, serving a population of approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposure to the VOC
contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with contaminated
groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the NPL, local residents were, and
still are, being served imported drinking water or mixed imported water and groundwater,
thereby reducing the threat of exposure.
151
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on area-wide cleanup of the
groundwater and cleanup of the Glendale area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation into the
area-wide groundwater contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin.
This investigation includes the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The
EPA is studying the extent and nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term
cleanup alternative for the site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1993.
Glendale Area: The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power currently is
conducting an investigation to determine the nature and extent of groundwater
contamination at the Glendale site. The study also will assist in determining the long-term
cleanup actions that will be used at the site. The investigation is expected to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power have entered into a
Cooperative Agreement to perform an investigation of the contamination in the San Fernando Valley
Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate drinking water supply has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 2) site and will continue to protect
residents near this site while cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 152 SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 2)
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SAN FERNAND
VALLEY (AREA 3
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894984
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 22
Los Angeles County
Glendale
Other Names:
San Fernando Valley Basin-Glorietta Area
La Crescenta Operable Unit
Verdugo
The 5,200-acre San Fernando Valley (Area 3) site is an area of contaminated groundwater in the
vicinity of the Glorietta Well Field in the City of Glendale. This area is part of the Verdugo Basin, a
natural underground reservoir that represents an important source of drinking water for people in the
City of Glendale and the unincorporated area of La Crescenta. Groundwater contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants
currently affecting the Basin's water supply can be traced back to a period between the 1940s to the
1960s, when the disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes was unregulated throughout the
Valley. Illegal dumping and currently leaking underground storage tanks may be the cause of
further groundwater contamination. To alleviate this groundwater contamination, wells either were
taken out of service or were blended with water from clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is
difficult to replace in this area because water from the metropolitan water district, an alternate source
of drinking water, may not always be available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a
groundwater monitoring program conducted from 1981 to 1987 revealed approximately 50% of the
water supply wells in the eastern portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were
contaminated. Many of the wells have been shut down. The Basin provides drinking water to the
communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La Crescenta and serves approximately
600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposure to the VOC
contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, and cooking with contaminated
groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the NPL, local water customers
were, and still are, being served imported drinking water or mixed imported and
groundwater, thereby reducing the threat of exposure.
153
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the area-
wide groundwater contamination.
Response Action Status
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation into the
area-wide groundwater contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin.
This will include the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The EPA is
studying the extent and nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term cleanup
alternatives for the site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power entered into a
Cooperative Agreement to perform an investigation of the contamination in the San Fernando
Valley Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 3) site and will continue to protect residents near
this site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 154 SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 3)
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SAN FERNANDO
VALLEY (AREA 4)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894976
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles
Site Description
The 5,860-acre San Fernando Valley (Area 4) site is an area of contaminated groundwater in the
vicinity of the Pollock Well Field in the City of Los Angeles. This area is part of the San Fernando
Valley Basin, a natural underground reservoir. Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) was discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants currently affecting
the Basin's water supply can be traced back to a period between the 1940s and the 1960s, when the
disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes was unregulated throughout the Valley. To alleviate
this groundwater contamination, wells either were taken out of service or blended with water from
clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area because water from the
metropolitan water district and the City of Los Angeles, alternate sources of drinking water, may not
always be available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a groundwater monitoring
program conducted from 1981 to 1987 revealed approximately 50% of the water supply wells in the
eastern portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the
wells have been shut down. There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3 miles of
the groundwater basin and depend on public wells for potable water. The Basin provides drinking
water for the communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La Crescenta and serves
approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposure to VOC contamination
can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with contaminated groundwater.
However, before the site was listed on the NPL, local water customers were, and still are,
being provided with imported drinking water or mixed imported and groundwater,
thereby reducing the threat of exposure.
155
Aprill 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the area-wide
groundwater contamination and Pollock Well Field.
Response Action Status
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation into the
area-wide groundwater contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin.
This investigation will include the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The
EPA is studying the extent and nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term
cleanup alternatives for the site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1993.
Pollock Well Field: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the
Pollock Well Field is scheduled to begin in 1992. Based on the study results, alternatives
for final site cleanup will be recommended.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power entered into a
Cooperative Agreement to perform an investigation of the contamination in the San Fernando Valley
Groundwater Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 4) site and will continue to protect
residents while final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 156 SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 4)
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SAN GABRI
(AREA1)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980677355
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
El Monte
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 1) site is an area of contaminated groundwater over 4 miles long
and 1 1/2 miles wide located in the San Gabriel Valley. This site is one of four Superfund sites
located in the 170-square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square miles of groundwater under
the Valley could be contaminated. In 1984, the EPA identified four large areas of groundwater
contamination in the San Gabriel Valley; each area is a separate Superfund site. The sites
include four large areas of groundwater contamination that underlie significant portions of the
cities of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia,
Rosemead, South El Monte, West Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley.
Contamination of the groundwater by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was first detected in
1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the Valley County Water
District. Subsequently, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well
sampling program to assess the extent of contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were found to be
contaminated with high levels of VOCs. Hundreds of individual facilities could be contributing
to the contamination in the basin through improper handling and disposal practices. The area of
contamination parallels the San Gabriel River to the east. The basin's groundwater provides
approximately 90% of the domestic water supply for over 1,000,000 people who live in the
Valley. Over 400 water supply wells are used in the basin to extract groundwater for use in
industry, business, agriculture, and homes. Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the
basin and provide drinking water to more than 1,000,000 people. As of 1984, three mutual water
companies in El Monte Richwood, Rurban Homes, and Hemlock Mutual Water Companies
were unable to supply their customers with water due to contamination. This situation has
been corrected, and currently all water purveyors are able to supply water that meets drinking
water standards.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPLUSTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San Gabriel Valley
may be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing, or
cooking. People who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could be
exposed to hazardous substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water that
does not meet Federal and State drinking water standards.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on area-wide cleanup, cleanup of the Whittier-Narrows area, cleanup of the Richwood
Water Company area, and cleanup of the Suburban Water Company's Bartolo Well Field.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA has installed a water treatment system to provide clean
water to a small mutual water company that supplies groundwater to people in the valley.
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of contamination
throughout the San Gabriel Valley sites (Areas 1 - 4). The intent of the investigation is
to identify areas of the site for focused study and provide support to ongoing cleanup
efforts. It is expected to continue for 10 years or more.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the San Gabriel Valley. The EPA is
scheduled to select a remedy for this area in 1996.
Richwood Water Company: The Richwood Water Company does not have
alternative groundwater wells to replace those wells closed due to contamination.
Richwood temporarily received water from another company in order to supply drinking
water until the EPA could clean up the site. In 1987, the EPA decided to install an activated carbon
adsorption system to treat water from wells at the Richwood Mutual Water Company and Rurban
Homes Mutual Water Company. Installation of the system was completed in 1989. Hemlock Water
Company installed their own treatment system.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA selected the
following alternatives to address contamination at the Bartolo Well Field: (1) extract
groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo Well Field; (2) modify, if feasible, the
existing wells and install new production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the most
highly contaminated zones of the underlying aquifer; (3) construct an air stripping system; (4) take
measures to floodproof the wells; (5) install a gas treatment system to control the emissions of VOCs
from the air stripping system; (6) treat contaminated water to concentrations that meet the
requirements of the State and the EPA; and (7) feed the treated water directly into Suburban Water
System's water distribution system. The EPA will address contamination at the site in two phases.
The first phase includes preparing the site for construction. Design of the cleanup activities was
completed in 1991 and was issued to the public for approval. Cleanup activities are expected to
begin pending public approval. Phase two is construction of the air stripper. Design of the cleanup
activities for constructing the air stripper was completed in 1991. Cleanup activities are expected to
begin in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established to define
strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem. A technical committee also was
established to advise the management committees on technical issues. The committees included
representatives of the EPA, the State, local agencies, affected water companies, and public interest
April 1991 158 SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 1)
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organizations. From 1985 to 1990, the EPA collaborated under a Cooperative Agreement with
the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water District. The District provided technical
assistance to the EPA for the studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination
in the Valley and helped coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of
groundwater.
Environmental Progress
Completed actions to ensure that residents are being provided with a safe drinking water supply
have addressed immediate site contamination concerns. The EPA performed preliminary
investigations and determined that residents near the San Gabriel Valley (Area 1) site are
protected while studies are taking place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
April 1991
159
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 1)
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SAN GABRI
(AREA 2)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980818512
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
Baldwin Park
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 2) site is an area of contaminated groundwater in the San Gabriel
groundwater basin. The plume is over 7 1/2 miles long and 1 1/2 miles wide. This site is one of
four large Superfund sites in the Valley. Over 30 square miles of groundwater under the Valley
could be contaminated. The sites include four large areas of groundwater contamination that
underlie significant portions of the cities of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry,
El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El Monte, West Covina, and other areas of
the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the groundwater by volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells
in the Valley County Water District. Following this discovery, the California Department of
Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to assess the extent of contamination.
By 1984, 59 wells were found to be contaminated with high levels of various VOCs. Hundreds
of individual facilities could be contributing to the contamination in the basin through improper
handling and disposal practices. Analyses show that many wells in the area do not meet the
EPA's standards for water quality. The basin's groundwater provides approximately 90% of the
domestic water supply for over 1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply
wells are used in the basin to extract groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture, and
homes. Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide drinking water to
more than 1,000,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. People in the San Gabriel Valley may be
exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing, or cooking. People
who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could be exposed to hazardous
substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water that does not meet Federal and
State drinking water standards.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire
area, Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field, Baldwin Park area, and the Whittier-
Narrows area.
161
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of contamination
throughout the San Gabriel Valley. The intent of the investigation is to identify areas of
the site for focused study and provide support to ongoing efforts at all San Gabriel Valley
site areas. The EPA expects to continue these efforts for 10 years or more.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA selected the
following alternatives to address contamination of the Bartolo Well Field: (1) extract
groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo Well Field; (2) modify, if feasible, the
existing wells and install new production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the most
highly contaminated zones of the underlying aquifer; (3) construct an air stripping system to treat
contaminated groundwater, (4) take measures to floodproof the wells; (5) install a gas treatment
system to control the emissions of VOCs from the air stripping system; (6) treat contaminated water
to concentrations that meet the requirements of the State and the EPA; and (7) feed the treated water
directly into Suburban Water System's water distribution system. The EPA will address
contamination at the site in two phases. The first phase includes stabilizing the soil in the well field
and preparing the site for construction. Design of the cleanup activities was completed in 1991 and
was issued to the public for approval. Cleanup activites are expected to begin, pending public
approval. Phase two is construction of the air stripper. Design of the cleanup activites for
constructing the air stripper was completed in 1991. Cleanup activities are expected to begin in
1992.
Baldwin Park: In 1987, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of
contamination at this area of the site. This study is ongoing, and the EPA plans to
complete it and propose a final remedy for public comment in 1992.
Whrttier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the basin. The study is ongoing, and the
EPA plans to complete it and propose a remedy in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established to define
strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem. A technical committee was also
established to advise the management committees on technical issues. The committee included
representatives of the EPA, the State, local agencies, affected water companies, and public interest
organizations. From 1985 to 1990, the EPA and the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water
District collaborated under a Cooperative Agreement. The District provided technical assistance to
the EPA for the studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination in the Valley and
helped coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of groundwater.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 2) site while studies are taking
place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
April 1991 162 SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 2)
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SAN GABRI
(AREA 3)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980818579
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
Alhambra
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 3) site is an area of contaminated groundwater that runs along the
west fork of Alhambra Creek in the San Gabriel Valley. This site is one of four Superfund sites
located in the 170-square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square miles of groundwater under
the Valley could be contaminated. The sites include four large areas of groundwater
contamination that underlie significant portions of the cities of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa,
Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El Monte, West
Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the groundwater by volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa
sampled nearby wells in the Valley County Water District. Following this discovery, the
California Department of Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to assess
the extent of contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were found to be contaminated with high levels
of various VOCs. Hundreds of individual facilities could be contributing to the contamination in
the basin through improper handling and disposal practices. Analyses show that many wells in
the area do not meet the EPA's standards for water quality. The basin's groundwater provides
approximately 90% of the domestic water supply for over 1,000,000 people who live in the
Valley. Over 400 water supply wells are used in the basin to extract groundwater for use in
industry, business, agriculture, and homes. Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the
basin and provide drinking water to more than 1,000,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San Gabriel Valley
may be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing, or cooking.
People who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could be exposed to
hazardous substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water that does not meet
Federal and State drinking water standards.
163
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of contamination
throughout the San Gabriel Valley. The intent of this investigation is to identify specific
areas at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 3) site for focused study as well as to support
ongoing activities at other areas of the San Gabriel Valley sites. Under this investigation, additional
ground water cleanup or monitoring may be required. The EPA expects continue these efforts for 10
years or more.
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established to define
strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem. A technical committee also was
established to advise the management committee on technical issues. The committees included
representatives of the EPA, the State, local agencies, affected water companies, and public interest
organizations. From 1985 to 1990, the EPA and the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water
District collaborated under a Cooperative Agreement. The District provided technical assistance to
the EPA for the studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination in the Valley and
helped coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of groundwater.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 3) site while studies are taking
place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
April 1991 164 SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 3)
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SAN GABRI
(AREA 4)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980817985
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
La Puente
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 4) site is an area of contaminated groundwater that runs along San
Jose Creek in La Puente. This site is one of four Superfund sites located in the 170-square-mile
San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square miles of groundwater under the Valley could be
contaminated. The sites include four large areas of groundwater contamination that underlie
significant portions of the cities of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte,
La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El Monte, West Covina, and other areas of the San
Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the groundwater by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was
first detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the Valley
County Water District. Following this discovery, the California Department of Health Services
(CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to assess the extent of contamination. By 1984, 59
wells were found to be contaminated with high levels of various VOCs. Hundreds of individual
facilities could be contributing to the contamination in the basin through improper handling and
disposal practices. Analyses show that many wells in the area do not meet the EPA's standards
for water quality. The basin's groundwater provides approximately 90% of the domestic water
supply for over 1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply wells are used
in the basin to extract groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture, and homes. Forty-
five different suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide drinking water to more than
1,000,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San Gabriel Valley
may be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing, or cooking.
People who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could be exposed to
hazardous substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water that does not meet
Federal and State drinking water standards.
165
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on area-wide cleanup and
cleanup of the Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field and the Whittier-Narrows area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of contamination
throughout the San Gabriel Valley. The intent of this investigation is to identify specific
areas of the site for focused study and provide support to ongoing activities at all areas of
the San Gabriel Valley site. The EPA expects continue these efforts for 10 years or more.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA selected the
following remedy to address contamination of the Bartolo Well Field: (1) extract
groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo Well Field; (2) modify, if feasible, the
existing wells and install new production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the most
highly contaminated zones of the underlying aquifer; (3) construct an air stripping system; (4) take
measures to floodproof the wells; (5) install a gas treatment system to control the emissions of VOCs
from the air stripping system; (6) treat contaminated water to concentrations that meet the
requirements of the State and the EPA; and (7) feed the treated water directly into Suburban Water
System's water distribution system. The EPA will address contamination at the site in two phases.
The first phase includes stabilizing the soil in the well field and preparing the site for construction.
Design of the cleanup activities was completed in 1991 and was issued to the public for approval.
Cleanup activities are expected to begin, pending public approval. Phase two is construction of the
air stripper. Design of the cleanup activities for constructing the air stripper was completed in 1991.
Cleanup activities are expected to begin in 1992.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the San Gabriel Valley. The study is still in
progress, and the EPA is scheduled to select a remedy in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established to define
strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem. A technical committee was also
established to advise the management committee on technical issues. The committees included
representatives of the EPA, the State, local agencies, affected water companies, and public interest
organizations. From 1985 to 1990, the EPA and the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water
District collaborated under a Cooperative Agreement. The District provided technical assistance to
the EPA for the studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination in the Valley and
helped coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of groundwater.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 4) site while studies are taking
place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
April 1991 166 SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 4)
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<^FI MA TRFATIIVKji^n _jx EPA REGION 9
wrL-i-ivir*h I IIL.FII («* ^-^ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
COMPANY ^JT v/srsla
\lrT\//V\\.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD029452141
Site Description
The 18-acre Selma Treating Company site includes a 3- to 4-acre wood treatment facility and 14
acres of an adjacent vineyard that were used for site drainage. The facilities on site have been used
by a series of owners to treat lumber products almost continuously since 1936. At least two general
methods of wood preservation have been used. Before 1965, lumber was dipped into a mixture of
pentachlorophenol (PCP) and oil and then was dried on open racks, letting the excess liquid drip off.
In 1965, the site converted to a pressure-treating process, which consisted of two basic steps:
conditioning the wood to reduce moisture content and to increase permeability, and impregnating the
wood with chemical preservatives. From 1936 to 1971, chemical wastes from the treatment plant
were disposed of on site into percolation ditches, dry wells, an unlined pond, and a sludge pit.
Chemical preservatives also were released to the ground, particularly in the wood treatment area, as
a result of spillage, dripping, and leaking. Waste fluids were discharged through pipelines that ran
along the boundaries of the vineyard into off-site drainage areas and ditches. In 1971, the State
collected samples from an unlined sump on the property. After concluding that the discharges posed
a serious threat, the State issued discharge requirements. Subsequently, the company installed an
effluent recovery system. Between 1978 and 1981, the State issued new waste discharge
requirements for the facility that included provisions for preventing and monitoring spills and leaks
from waste storage areas onto unpaved areas and for preventing surface runoff from the unpaved
areas. In 1981, the Selma Treating Company filed for bankruptcy. In 1982, Sawmill Properties, Inc.
acquired the facility with the stipulation that Selma Leasing Company continue to accept
responsibility for the site cleanup. The aquifer beneath the site is the sole source of water in the
area. There are 12 residences and businesses within 1/4 mile of the site. The Town of Selma has a
population of approximately 10,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Groundwater contains chromium. Soil is contaminated with PCP, volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals such as chromium, arsenic, and copper. People
who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soils
may be at risk. However, no contamination has been found in any public or private
drinking water wells. If contaminants reach irrigation wells, crops may become
contaminated.
167 April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, Sawmill Properties installed concrete drip drying pads and
runoff containment berms and instituted operational controls to prevent further soil and
groundwater contamination.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by: (1) pumping
and treating the groundwater and then reinjecting the treated water into the aquifer or
discharging it off site; (2) excavating the contaminated soil, solidifying it, placing it back
in the excavated areas, and covering it with clean soil or clay; (3) monitoring the groundwater and
soil for 30 years; and (4) placing restrictions on land and groundwater use. The EPA is designing
the technical specifications for the soil and groundwater cleanup. The design phase is expected to be
completed in late 1991. Groundwater cleanup will be undertaken in two phases, with the second
phase to be designed and installed based on the experience gained in the first phase. This approach
is the result of changes in the contaminated aquifer from five years of drought.
Environmental Progress
The installation of concrete pads and berms has contained contaminated soil and groundwater at the
Selma Treating Company site while cleanup remedies are being designed.
April 1991
168
SELMA TREATING COMPANY
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SHARPE ARMY DE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA8210020832
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 18
San Joaquin County
1 1/2 miles east of Lathrop
The 724-acre Sharpe Army Depot site has been involved in the storage, shipping, packaging, and
maintenance of general supplies. Between 1941 and 1975, maintenance of aircraft, vehicles,
industrial equipment, and medical equipment resulted in the generation of a variety of chemical
wastes. Wastes produced on site were disposed of in multiple locations, including the South Balloon
Area, the Burning Pits Area, and the North Balloon Area. The wastes include sludge containing
phenols, polychlorinated hydrocarbons, and used paints and solvents. Wastes have contaminated
both soil and groundwater. All maintenance activities have ceased, and the waste areas no longer are
used. The Depot employs approximately 1,200 people. The contaminated sole source aquifer
supplies water to approximately 33,600 people within 3 miles of the facility. The San Joaquin River
is 2 miles from the depot.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichloroethylene (TCE). People who accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or
come in direct contact with site contaminants may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and groundwater cleanup.
169
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Army has constructed an interim groundwater treatment
system and is constructing a second system to contain and treat contamination in the most
seriously affected areas. Extraction and treatment of groundwater for VOC removal began
in 1990.
Entire Site: In 1989, the Army began an investigation to determine the extent of
contamination throughout the base. Once this investigation is completed, scheduled for
1993, measures for site cleanup will be recommended.
Groundwater: In 1989, the Army began an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination. Once this investigation is completed, scheduled for
1992, measures will be recommended for groundwater cleanup.
Site Facts: The Sharpe Army Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The operation of a groundwater treatment system at the Sharpe Army Depot site has reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater while further studies are taking place and final
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 170 SHARPE ARMY DEPOT
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SOLA OPTICAL
USA, INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981171523
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Sonoma County
Petaluma
Sola Optical USA, Inc. has been producing optical lenses on this 35-acre site since 1978. In
1982, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) identified acetone in an on-site
well. Subsequently, Sola reported that soil adjacent to six underground solvent storage tanks at
the facility was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1985, Sola removed
the underground storage tanks and confirmed that the shallow groundwater underneath the site
was contaminated with VOCs. In 1986 and 1987, the State found low levels of solvents in the
Petaluma #5 City Well. This well is approximately 500 feet from the site and may be
hydraulically connected to the contaminated aquifer beneath the site. The water from Petaluma
City Well Pump Station #5 is blended with water from other municipal sources serving 13,200
connections and is joined to the Petaluma Water Department distribution system, which serves
approximately 50,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/15/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain various VOCs including acetone. If contaminants migrate
off site, people who accidently ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soils may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
171
April 1991
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Response Action Status
in 1991.
Entire site: In 1989, Sola, under EPA monitoring, began an investigation to determine
the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation is planned to be
completed in mid-1991, and a recommendation for final cleanup remedies is expected later
Site Facts: In 1985, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) issued
Waste Discharge Requirements calling for Sola to conduct groundwater studies. In 1987, the
CRWQCB issued Site Cleanup Requirements calling for Sola to determine the lateral and vertical
extent of groundwater contamination and to propose cleanup alternatives.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Sola Optical USA, Inc. site while studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
172
SOLA OPTICAL USA, INC.
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SOUTH BAY
ASBESTOS AREA
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894885
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Santa Clara County
Alviso
Other Names:
Alviso Dumping Area
The 550-acre South Bay Asbestos Area site is located on the southern edge of the San Francisco
Bay. Portions of the site served as dumping areas for over 30 years. Three landfills located within
the site boundaries (the Santos Landfill, the Leslie Salt Landfill, and the Sainte Claire Corporation
Landfill) received asbestos wastes from an asbestos-cement pipe manufacturing plant, located 4
miles south of the site, that operated from 1953 until 1982. Residents reportedly used waste asbestos
pipe to drain excess water from their properties before curbs and gutters were installed. Several
areas may have been filled with asbestos-containing soils transported in by residents to raise the
elevation of their property and to improve flood protection. As a result of heavy rains in 1983,
Coyote Creek flooded the site. The City of San Jose constructed a levee around the town in order to
pump out the floodwater. The levee material was taken from the Raisch Quarry in southern San Jose
and was later found to contain asbestos. Asbestos also was found in the Guadalupe River levee, the
ring levee, and in surface soils around the town. Approximately 1,700 people live in Alviso. Most
water is provided to South Bay residents through public supply systems that draw groundwater from
the deep aquifer. The majority of private wells draw water from the less-protected shallow aquifer.
The ring levee lies within the 100-year flood plain of the Guadalupe River and was constructed on
portions of wetland areas adjacent to Alviso. The levee also abuts wetland areas next to a National
Wildlife Refuge.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, municipal, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
Air is polluted with asbestos due to the disturbance of asbestos-contaminated soils,
caused primarily by heavy truck traffic. Groundwater in the shallow aquifer contains
asbestos. Site soils are contaminated with asbestos. The wetland areas adjacent to Alviso
have been threatened. The greatest health threat to people is the inhalation of airborne
asbestos fibers. Once asbestos fibers enter the lungs, the fibers can be trapped in the
body. Asbestos fibers also may be ingested through contaminated food and water.
173
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and of the ring levee.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the Santa Clara Valley Water District removed some asbestos
wastes from the Guadalupe River Levee. From 1986 to 1987, the EPA paved a lot at the
George Mayne School and an unpaved portion of Spreddles Avenue, removed a debris
pile and stabilized a trail at the Environmental Education Center, and twice applied polymer sealant
to the ring levee. The levee since has been sprayed annually by the City of San Jose.
Entire Site: The final cleanup technologies selected to address the entire site include:
(1) paving the asbestos-contaminated truck and industrial yards; (2) wet-sweeping Alviso
streets monthly; (3) removing asbestos debris; (4) installing landfill covers; and (5) deed
restrictions, maintenance, and monitoring. Early study results have indicated that five truck yards
need to be paved. The City of San Jose is wet-sweeping the streets on a monthly basis. The design
of the cleanup technologies is scheduled to be completed in 1992.
Ring Levee: The EPA had selected a vegetated soil cover to address the ring levee.
However, this remedy was revised. A second Consent Decree was signed in 1990,
amending the original cleanup work plan to provide for the removal of the levee and the
restoration of the wetlands after an alternate flood control project is devised and in place.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA and the City of San Jose signed a Consent Agreement for the City to
continue levee spraying. A second Consent Decree was signed in 1990, amending the original work
plan.
Environmental Progress
Removing asbestos wastes, paving of the lots, and applying sealant to the levee have greatly reduced
the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the South Bay Asbestos Area site while
cleanup technologies are being designed.
April 1991 174 SOUTH BAY ASBESTOS AREA
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O
SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA EDISON CO
(VISALIA POLEYAROJ
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17
Tulare County
Visalia
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980816466
Site Description
The 20-acre Southern California Edison (Visalia Poleyard) site was operated as a utility pole
treatment yard from the 1920s until 1980. Wood preservatives, including creosote and
pentachlorophenol (PCP), were used and stored on site during site operations. Leaking tanks
and stored treated poles have contaminated groundwater and soil. Approximately 60,000 people
live within 6 miles of the site. The distance from the site to the closest residence is 1/4 mile.
California Water Service Company wells within 3 miles of the site supply drinking water to
Visalia residents. The local municipal water system includes over 35 drinking water wells
within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with wood-treatment chemicals including
creosote and PCP. Potential health threats to people include accidental ingestion
or coming in direct contact with contaminated soils or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
175
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1977, a slurry wall was constructed to slow contaminant
migration in the shallow aquifer. Southern California Edison, the potentially
responsible party, removed 2,300 cubic yards of contaminated soil and disposed of it
off site at an approved disposal facility. The facility has upgraded its on-site groundwater
treatment system to include anthracite filtration in addition to carbon filtration. The potentially
responsible party now discharges the treated groundwater directly to Mill Creek, a small
tributary two blocks from the site. This discharge is licensed by the State.
Entire Site: Southern California Edison and the State, under EPA monitoring, are
conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of the contamination at the site.
The investigation will define the contaminants and recommend remedies for the final
groundwater and soil cleanup. The first phase of the investigation was completed in 1990. The
risk assessment is planned to be completed in late 1991, which will be followed by the selection
of final cleanup remedies during 1992.
Site Facts: In 1976, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order, requiring Southern
California Edison to abate discharge of treatment fluids into the soil, to contain contaminated soil
and water on the property, to pump shallow groundwater under the site before and during
construction of an underground slurry wall around the site, to pump and lower the confined
aquifer to remove contamination, and to clean up contaminated shallow groundwater off site. In
1987, Southern California Edison and the State signed an agreement requiring the utility to
perform a study to determine the nature and extent of site contamination and to recommend
alternatives for final cleanup action.
Environmental Progress
The construction of a slurry wall, removal of contaminated soil, and treatment of contaminated
groundwater have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at the Southern
California Edison site while studies are taking place and cleanup actions are being planned.
ApriM991 176 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON CO.
(VISALIA POLEYARD)
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SPECTRA-PHY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009138488
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
The 11 1/2-acre Spectra-Physics, Inc., site is the location of a manufacturer of electronic
equipment and gas lasers since 1961. Beginning in 1981, Spectra-Physics, Inc. stored its
hazardous wastes on bermed concrete pads. Only one storage area has a cement floor without a
berm, and that area is used for storing solid wastes. A variety of cleaners, degreasers, and
lubricants are used in the manufacturing process. Wastes from manufacturing processes include
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), paints, oils, acids, and bases. In 1981, the State discovered
areas, where hazardous wastes were stored, that had no dikes or leachate collection systems.
Additionally, several on-site wastewater sumps are suspected of contributing VOCs to the soils
and groundwater. Contaminated groundwater from the site has moved off site to the north and
has merged with the contaminated plume of another NPL site, the Teledyne Semiconductor, Inc.
site, which borders the Spectra-Physics, Inc. site. The two firms jointly are cleaning up the sites.
Approximately 189,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3
miles of the site. Groundwater within 1 mile of the site is used for private and municipal
purposes. More than 200 private drinking water wells were drilled into the contaminated plume,
and most of these wells have been closed. Between 1982 and 1985, the users of these private
wells were placed on municipal well water supplies. The closest residence is located 200 feet
southwest of the site. San Francisco Bay is 2 1/2 miles downstream of the site and is used for
recreation. The tides that influence the Bay also influence Permanente Creek, which is within 1
mile of the site. Several species of endangered birds are found within the area of tidal influence.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/11/91
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with VOCs. Elevated concentrations of VOCs
were detected in water samples from Permanente Creek. Potential health threats to
people include drinking, inhaling, or coming in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater and groundwater vapors or touching or accidentally ingesting contaminated
soils.
177
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, one wastewater sump was removed, and 6 feet of surrounding
soils were excavated. In 1986 and 1988, an on-site shallow groundwater extraction well
and one intermediate zone groundwater extraction well were installed at the site. These
wells were installed to prevent Teledyne's plume of contaminants from migrating off site. Twenty
additional wells have begun extracting groundwater from the off-site contaminant plume areas.
Extracted groundwater is discharged to the City of Palo Alto sanitary sewer system. All actions
were performed by Teledyne and Spectra-Physics.
Entire Site: In 1991, the EPA chose the following cleanup remedies: vapor extraction
for soil cleanup; groundwater extraction and treatment; and monitoring of the shallow
zone, intermediate zone, and deep aquifer groundwater, as well as the soil. The design of
the cleanup began in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sumps and contaminated soil and the installation of groundwater extraction wells
have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated groundwater and soil at the Spectra
Physics site while cleanup remedies are being designed.
April 1991
178
SPECTRA-PHYSICS, INC.
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STRINGFElS^W
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT080012826
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
Riverside County
1 mile north of Glen Avon
From 1956 until 1972, the 17-acre Stringfellow site was operated as a hazardous waste disposal
facility. Over 34,000,000 gallons of industrial waste, primarily from metal finishing, electroplating,
and pesticide production, were deposited in evaporation ponds. Spray evaporation procedures were
used to accelerate the reduction of pond content volume. In 1969, excessive rainfall caused the
disposal ponds to overflow and resulted in the contamination of Pyrite Creek and Channel. In 1978,
heavy rains caused the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) to authorize a
controlled release of 800,000 gallons of wastewater from the site to prevent further waste pond
overflow and massive releases. An additional 500,000 gallons of liquids wastes were removed at
that time to a federally approved facility. In 1979 and 1980, heavy rains again threatened releases
from the waste ponds. Between the years 1975 and 1980, approximately 6 1/3 million gallons of
liquid wastes and materials contaminated with pesticides were removed from the site. Glen Avon
has a population of approximately 7,700 people. Over 200 residences have private wells in Glen
Avon. Few private wells have been found to be contaminated, and none presently are used for
drinking water. The Glen Avon area is supplied drinking water by three facilities: the Jurupa
Community Services District, the Mutual Water Company of Glen Avon, and the Santa Ana River
Water Company.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals
such as cadmium, nickel, chromium, and manganese. Soil is contaminated with
pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), sulfates, and heavy metals. People who
accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil may
be at risk. The original disposal area is covered by a clay cap, is fenced, and is guarded
by security services. No one currently is drinking water potentially affected by the
contaminant plume.
179
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: initial actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on source control, installation of a pre-treatment plant, and cleanup of the lower Canyon
area and the Community wells.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: From 1980 to 1984, three groundwater extraction wells, a subsurface
barrier structure, and an on-site surface water drainage system with gunite channels were
constructed. The EPA overpacked and staged the drums on the site. All liquid wastes on
the site were removed to a federally approved hazardous waste disposal facility. With the exception
of 1,000 cubic yards of DDT-contaminated soil, which were taken to a federally approved facility,
contaminated soils from the site were used to fill waste ponds. The surface was graded, covered
with clean soil, and seeded. In 1984, the State completed initial cleanup measures including fencing
the site, maintaining the existing soil cap, controlling erosion, and disposal of the leachate extracted
above and below the on-site clay barrier dam. In 1989, residences that had been receiving bottled
water from the State were connected to the Jurupa Community Services District.
Source Control: In 1984, the State began an investigation to identify and evaluate
alternatives to control the source of contamination. The study is expected to be completed
in 1992, following the performance of additional soil treatability studies.
Pre-Treatment Plant: In 1984, the EPA selected a remedy for interim treatment of
contaminated groundwater by installing a pre-treatment system consisting of lime
precipitation for removing heavy metals, followed by granular activated carbon treatment
for removing VOCs. The treated groundwater is discharged to an industrial sewer line, which
ultimately discharges to a publicly owned treatment works system. Additional interceptor and
monitoring wells were installed to extract contaminated groundwater downgradient of the site. The
State completed installation of the pre-treatment plant in 1985. As of 1989, over 30,000,000 gallons
of groundwater have been extracted and treated.
Lower Canyon: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the lower canyon area
of the site by: (1) installing a groundwater barrier system in the area and treating the
extracted groundwater, (2) installing a peripheral channel to direct uphill surface water
runoff; (3) extending the existing gunite channels southward to discharge surface water into Pyrite
Creek; and (4) reconstructing the Pyrite Creek Channel. The potentially responsible parties installed
the groundwater barrier system and reconstructed the Pyrite Creek Channel. The State designed the
system and completed construction of the northern channels in 1990.
Community Wells: In 1990, the State and the EPA completed an investigation
determining the type and extent of contamination in the community area. The selected
remedy includes installation of a groundwater extraction system in the community to treat
contaminated groundwater that has migrated downgradient to the area, followed by reinjection of the
treated water. The potentially responsible parties have agreed to conduct design tests for the
community wells system, which are scheduled to be completed in 1995.
April 1991 180 STRINGFELLOW
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Response Action Status, Continued
Site Facts: In 1983, the Department of Justice, on behalf of the EPA, joined with the State to file a
suit against 32 potentially responsible parties. As a result of a 1988 Administrative Order on
Consent, the potentially responsible parties have agreed to conduct remedy design activities and
construct cleanup remedies for certain aspects of the cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and liquid waste, connection of affected residences to an alternate water
supply, installation of a groundwater barrier and treatment system have greatly reduced the potential
of exposure to contaminated materials at the Stringfellow site. Further studies and design of the
technologies leading to cleanup of the remaining contamination currently are taking place.
April 1991
181
STRINGFELLOW
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SULPHUR BANK
MERCURY MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980893275
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
Lake County
Clear Lake
Site Description
The 120-acre Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine site initially was mined for sulfur from 1865 to 1871.
Mercury ore was mined by underground methods from 1873 to 1905. The site was periodically
opened for pit mining from 1915 to 1957. The mine, once one of the largest producers of mercury in
California, has been inactive since 1957. Approximately 120 acres of mine tailings and waste rock
and an open, unlined mine pit (called the Herman Impoundent) are on the property. The mine
tailings extend into the Oaks Arm of Clear Lake along 1,300 feet of shoreline. Approximately
193,600 cubic yards of waste are on site. The Herman Pit, which is filled with acidic water, covers
23 acres and is 750 feet upgradient of the lake. The State has found mercury in the tailings and in
the biota and bottom sediments in Clear Lake. The levels of mercury in fish from the lake led the
State to issue an advisory against eating fish. The Clear Lake Oaks Water District, which provides
municipal drinking water for 4,700 people, is recharged by Clear Lake. Approximately 70 houses
are located within 3 miles of the site. A former freshwater wetland is located 900 feet to the east of
the mine. A critical habitat for three endangered wildlife species, the Peregrine Falcon, Southern
Bald Eagle, and Yellow-Billed Cuckoo, is located less than 1/4 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments from Clear Lake, soil, surface water, and fish are contaminated with mercury.
Surface water may contain arsenic. One of the major health threats is eating
contaminated fish. In addition, people who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact
with contaminated surface water, sediments may suffer adverse health effects. Ingestion
and inhalation of contaminated soil also are primary concerns. If contaminants leach into
the nearby wetland, wildlife in or around the water may be harmed.
183
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the Herman
Impoundment, the waste piles, and lake sediments.
Response Action Status
Herman Impoundment: In 1990, the EPA began an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the site. Alternatives under consideration for cleanup of the
Herman Impoundment are acid neutralization, drainage and plugging of the pit, or
installation of barriers to re-route the flow of the groundwater. The study is scheduled to be
completed in 1993.
Waste Piles: Studies concerning the nature and extent of contamination caused by the
waste piles currently are underway. Possible cleanup remedies include cutting back the
slope, covering and revegetating the area, or disposing of the tailings in the Herman
Impoundment if the pit is drained and plugged. The investigation is expected to be completed by
1993.
Lake Sediments: The EPA has started an investigation exploring the nature and extent
of contamination in the lake sediments. Cleanup remedies being considered include
dredging and treating the sediments, dredging, and disposing of the sediments in the
Herman Impoundment, or covering the contaminated sediments with sand or clay. The EPA expects
the study to be completed by 1994.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine site while studies are taking
place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 184 SULPHUR BANK MERCURY MINE
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SYNERTEK, I
(BUILDING 1)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD990832735
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County .
Santa Clara
Site Description
From 1978 to 1986, electronics were manufactured in five buildings on the 3 1/2-acre Synertek, Inc.
(Building 1) site. Building 1 is adjacent to three underground storage tanks used as a neutralization
system, which leaked volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the soil. These tanks were removed
in 1985. At that time, it was discovered that on-site and off-site groundwater had become
contaminated. Subsequently, Honeywell, the property owner, installed three on- and two off-site
groundwater extraction wells, along with an air stripping tower to treat the extracted groundwater.
The extraction and treatment system has been in operation since 1987. Approximately 300,000
people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. The nearest downgradient
municipal well is located 1 1/2 miles north of the plume.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various VOCs. Based on the monitoring data, there are no
indications that human exposure to site-related contaminants is occurring.
185
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, Honeywell installed three on- and two off-site groundwater
extraction wells, along with an air stripping tower to treat the extracted groundwater. The
treated groundwater is discharged to the storm drain, as permitted by the State.
Entire Site: Synertek, under State monitoring, conducted an investigation to determine
the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The results of the investigation were
released to the public in early 1991, and the methods for final cleanup of the site
contamination are expected to be chosen in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The treatment of groundwater has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated drinking
water and will continue to protect residents near the Synertek, Inc. (Building 1) site while studies are
being conducted and final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 186 SYNERTEK, INC. (BUILDING 1)
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T.H. AGRICULTU
AND NUTRITION
COMPANY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009106220
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17
Fresno County
Fresno
Other Names:
Thompson-Haywood Chemical Company
Site Description
The 5-acre T.H. Agriculture and Nutrition Company site operated as a pesticide-formulating facility
from 1962 until 1981. Other companies formulated pesticides on the site from 1950 to 1962.
During the 1950s and 1960s, on-site landfills were used for disposal of wastes generated from site
operations, including pesticide-laden clays from cleaning equipment. Waste has been spilled on the
surface of the site and left in piles on the ground. Sampling at the site conducted by the California
Department of Health Services (CDHS) detected pesticides in soil and groundwater. Approximately
30,000 people live within 3 miles of the site, with the closest resident being 500 feet from the site.
Approximately 35,000 people depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with pesticides. Chloroform also is
contaminating the groundwater. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact
with contaminated groundwater or soils may suffer adverse health effects.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
187
ApriM991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: T.H. Agriculture and Nutrition Company, under State monitoring,
excavated and removed 14,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil. All affected residences
have been hooked up to the public water supply system to eliminate the use of domestic
wells near the site and the threat of exposure from contaminated water. A soil vapor extraction
system is being installed to reduce the level of chloroform in the area.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible party has undertaken sampling to characterize
soil contamination, monitor groundwater, and characterize the hydrogeology beneath the
site. Extensive on- and off-site groundwater studies were conducted. Currently, the
results of the groundwater field study are being studied to identify cleanup efforts that could be used
at the site. The study is expected to be completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
materials at the T.H. Agriculture and Nutrition Company site while studies are talcing place and
cleanup activities are being planned. The threat of exposure to chemicals through direct contact,
ingestion and inhalation has been eliminated by extending the public water supply system to affected
residences.
April 1991 188 T.H. AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION
COMPANY
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TELEDYNE
SEMICONDUCTO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009111444
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Teledyne Semiconductor has operated as a manufacturer of semiconductors since 1962 at this 1-acre
site. In 1982, Teledyne reported to the California Regional Water Quality Control Board
(CRWQCB) that soil and groundwater were contaminated with solvents from an underground
solvent storage tank. The State inspected the site in 1984 and found that contaminants had migrated
north of the site and had affected approximately 50 private domestic wells. Furthermore,
contaminated groundwater that migrated north from another NPL site, Spectra-Physics, Inc., has
merged with the contaminated plume of the Teledyne site. The two firms are cleaning up the sites
jointly. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have
used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a
common groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to
combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the
contamination. The site is located in a densely populated, urban area where approximately 189,000
people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, all of whom depend on groundwater as the source of
drinking water. The distance from the site to the nearest residence is 200 feet.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). People could be exposed to hazardous substances from the site by accidental
ingestion or direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soils, and by eating
contaminated plants and animals. Also, people could be exposed to hazardous substances
by inhaling contaminated gases or dust particles that on-site cleanup workers could
release into the air.
189
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Teledyne is pumping contaminated groundwater in the upper
aquifer to the surface for treatment.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected the following cleanup remedies: vapor extraction
for soil cleanup; groundwater extraction and treatment; and monitoring of the shallow
zone, intermediate zone, and deep aquifer groundwater, as well as the soil. The design of
the cleanup technologies began in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment of the groundwater have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the Teledyne Semiconductor site while further cleanup technologies
are being designed to address soil and shallow groundwater contamination.
ApriM991
190
TELEDYNE SEMICONDUCTOR
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TRACY DEFENSE:
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4971520834
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
San Joaquin County
1 1/2 miles southwest of Tracy
Other Names:
Defense Distribution
Region West-Tracy
The 448-acre Tracy Defense Depot site was an Army Supply Depot from 1942 to 1963, when it was
turned over to the Defense Logistics Agency. Operations at the site include repacking leaking
chemical containers, fumigation of shipping materials, vehicle maintenance, painting, storage of
chemicals, preserving metal parts, operation of chemical and photographic laboratories, storage and
mixing of pesticides, and storage and treatment of liquid and solid wastes. Liquid waste treatment
and storage areas include an unpaved storage area, two unlined sewage effluent ponds, two
abandoned sewage lagoons, two lined industrial wastewater ponds, an abandoned paint spraying/
stripping rinse water pond, an abandoned trench where 150 drums of waste oil were buried, an
unlined pond for holding stormwater, an abandoned pesticide disposal trench, an abandoned area
where substantial amounts of formaldehyde were buried, and aboveground and underground waste
tanks. Hazardous materials (including solvents, radioactive materials, medical supplies, and solid
and liquid chemicals) were disposed of in three burn pits. Former solid waste treatment/storage
areas include a fill area where food items were buried, a fill area where construction material was
buried, and three impoundments where wastes containing mercury phosphate compounds were
stored. Currently, all solid hazardous waste is hauled off site to federally approved disposal
facilities. According to tests conducted in 1985, the shallow aquifer below the site is contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Approximately 25,000 people live within 3 miles of the
site. Water from Tracy's municipal well, which is within 3 miles of the site, is blended with water
from other wells and from the Delta Mendota Canal to provide drinking water to approximately
28,600 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, heavy metals, and petroleum/oil lubricants.
People who accidently ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater
may face health risks.
191
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater and of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The Defence Logistics Agency has been investigating groundwater
contamination in the northern area of the facility, under the direction of the State. At the
conclusion of the investigation, remedy recommendations will be made for the cleanup of
groundwater contamination. An interim groundwater pump and treat system is planned to be
installed in 1991.
Entire Site: An investigation is planned to begin in 1991 to determine the nature and
extent of contamination throughout the site. Following the completion of this
investigation, final cleanup remedies will be selected.
Site Facts: Tracy Defense Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the Tracy Defense Depot site while studies are taking
place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 192 TRACY DEFENSE DEPOT
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TRAVIS AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA5570024575
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Solano County
3 miles east of Fairfield
Established in 1943, the 5,025-acre Travis Air Force Base serves as Military Air Command
Headquarters to the 22nd Air Force and as a Medical Center. The Air Force has identified a number
of potentially contaminated areas including: three landfills used from 1943 to 1977, one of which
(Landfill No. 3) was used for the disposal of crushed and rinsed pesticide containers; areas where
combustible wastes were burned for firefighting exercises from 1943 to the mid-1970s; a pit where
250 pounds of cyanide were buried in 1967; a solvent spill area where various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) may have been spilled during paint stripping operations; and the storm sewer
system, one of the most contaminated portions of the base, where chemical wastes from the various
shops were dumped throughout the history of the base. The old decommissioned sewage treatment
plant also is of concern because cracked oxidation ponds may have contaminated the groundwater
with pesticides and industrial chemicals. Approximately 27,600 people live within 1 mile of the site,
and 400 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the base. The nearest well is
3,400 feet from the base. A spill of jet fuel in 1978 killed all aquatic wildlife along 2 miles of Union
Creek. The creek flows 1 mile to Hill Slough, which is a branch of Suisun Marsh, a major coastal
wetland. Because Hill Slough is tidally influenced, any contamination can reach San Francisco Bay
and the Pacific Ocean. Suisun Marsh is widely used for various recreational activities and is a major
stop for migratory birds on the Pacific Flyway.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater has been contaminated with various VOCs and heavy metals. Heavy
metals, VOCs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in storm
sewers and surface water. VOCs were found in Union Creek. People may face a health
risk if they accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater
or surface water.
193
ApriM991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of Area 1 and Area 2.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Twenty-seven underground storage tanks were removed from the base
in 1986.
Area 1: In 1990, the Air Force initiated an investigation into the type and extent of
contamination of those areas of concern that were identified in earlier contamination
assessments. At the completion of the investigation, scheduled for 1993,
recommendations for final cleanup will be made.
Area 2: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination affecting those
areas of concern that were recently discovered during a routine facility assessment
required under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is underway and is
scheduled for completion in 1994. Recommendations for cleanup of these areas will be made based
on the results of the investigation.
Site Facts: Travis Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of underground storage tanks has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
materials at the Travis Air Force Base site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are
being planned.
April 1991 194 TRAVIS AIR FORCE BASE
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TREASURE
ISLAND NAVAL
STATION-HUNTERS
POINT ANNEX
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA1170090087
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
San Francisco County
San Francisco
Other Names:
N^riple A Shipyard-Hunters Point Division
_x*
Hunters Point Naval Shipyard
The 936-acre Treasure Island Naval Station-Hunters Point Annex site was established in 1869 as the
first dry dock on the Pacific Coast. The Navy purchased the installation in 1939 and leased it to
Bethlehem Steel Company. The Navy operated Hunters Point Annex as a shipbuilding and repair
facility from 1941 until 1976. Triple A Machine Shop then leased the facility from 1976 to 1986
and subleased numerous buildings to private tenants. The Navy began an investigation of potential
hazardous waste contamination in 1984. A study in 1987 confirmed the presence of toxic
contaminants in at least 11 site areas. In 1987, the Navy began working with the California
Department of Health Services (CDHS) on an overall program to clean up these and other
potentially contaminated areas. The 11 known areas are: Industrial Landfill, Bay Fill Area, Oil
Reclamation Ponds, Scrap Yard, Old Transformer Storage Yard, Tank Farm, Sub-Base Area,
Building 503 Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Spill, Pickling and Plate Yard, Battery and
Electroplating Shop, and Building 521 Power Plant. Additional potentially contaminated areas have
been identified and will be evaluated during the site study process. A Technical Review Committee
was formed in 1988. Members of the committee include representatives from the EPA, COMNAV-
BASE San Francisco; Treasure Island Naval Station; Western Division, Naval Facilities Engineering
Command; California Department of Health Services; San Francisco Regional Water Quality
Control Board (SFWQCB); Bay Area Air Quality Management District; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of the Interior; and the City and County of San
Francisco. A bottling company draws groundwater from a spring approximately 1 mile from the
site. Area surface waters are used for various recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Groundwater, sediments, soil, and surface water are contaminated with fuels, heavy
metals, PCBs, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil also contains asbestos.
People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated soils,
sediments, surface water, or groundwater may face a health risk.
195
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988 and 1989, the Navy removed abandoned hazardous
materials and industrial wastes including lead-based paint, flammables, corrosives,
poisons, and waste oil including PCB transformers. Approximately 1,500 drums of these
materials were collected, tested, packaged, labeled, and disposed of. PCB-bearing transformers,
drums, and contaminated soil were removed from the site. In 1990, 226,000 square feet of asbestos-
contaminated materials were removed from 24 areas on the site.
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of site contamination currently is
underway. It is expected that the site will be divided into several long-term remedial
phases to address the different areas of contamination. At the conclusion of the
investigation, scheduled for 1994, recommendations for cleanup of the site will be made.
Site Facts: Treasure Island Naval Station-Hunters Point Annex is participating in the Installation
Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD)
in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DoD facilities. A Federal Facilities Agreement, which will govern the site cleanup process,
was signed September 28, 1990.
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous materials, drums, transformers, and contaminated soil has greatly reduced
the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Treasure Island Naval Station-Hunters
Point Annex site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 196 TREASURE ISLAND NAVAL
STATION-HUNTERS POINT ANNEX
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TRW MICROWAVE,
INC. (BUILDING 8
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009159088
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
Aertech Industries
FEI
Site Description
The TRW Microwave, Inc. (Building 825) site neighbors three other NPL sites: Signetics,
Advanced Micro Devices, and Advanced Micro Devices #915. A groundwater plume from the four
sites covers 1/3 square mile in Sunnyvale. The TRW Microwave facility was occupied by Aertech
Industries from 1968 until it was sold to TRW, Inc. in 1984. In 1987, TRW sold the facility to FEI
Microwave, Inc., its current occupant. The primary activity at the site was assembling and testing
microwave components, until semiconductor processing began in 1970. Assembly areas for
semiconductors use primarily solvents and small quantities of acids. The fabrication areas and
plating shop use solvents, acids, and heavy metals. The paint shop uses paints and solvents.
Groundwater beneath the site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Acid rinse
water generated by the assembly processes is neutralized on site and is discharged to the City of
Sunnyvale sewer system. However, rinse water containing metals is not sent to the neutralizers; it is
collected in containers and disposed of off site. An underground ammonia gas acid neutralization
system was installed when the facility first opened. Floor drains and acid sinks in the plating shop
were connected to buried plumbing that carried acid waste to the neutralization system. This system
was closed in 1986, and the underground piping was sealed. The system was replaced with three
aboveground tanks. Spent solvents were stored in one of four on-site underground tanks. Since
1983, solvents have been stored in drums and transported off site. The closest residence is located
1,200 feet north of the site. Contaminants from the site have the potential to migrate to deep
drinking water aquifers. Municipal wells for the Cities of Santa Clara and Mountain View tap a
deep aquifer that serves approximately 300,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain various VOCs. People who accidentally ingest or come in
direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soils may be at risk. The deep aquifer,
used as a drinking water source, is not contaminated; however, the shallow aquifer is
contaminated. There are some agricultural wells that could act as conduits between the
shallow contaminated aquifer and the deep aquifer.
197
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Four spent solvent underground tanks, along with some soil, were
removed in 1973,1976,1980, and 1983. In 1984,120 cubic yards of contaminated soils
were excavated and transported to a federally approved hazardous waste facility. The site
was backfilled to the surface with gravel, and concrete was poured over the gravel to prevent
rainwater from seeping into the pit. This water extraction pit is pan of an eight-well groundwater
extraction system operated by TRW. Since 1985, groundwater has been pumped from seven on-site
extraction wells and the pit to prevent VOCs from migrating off site and to extract the groundwater
for cleanup. On-site groundwater is treated by an air stripper and then discharged to Calabasas
Creek. In addition, groundwater has been pumped from a total of 24 off-site extraction wells and
conveyed through an underground piping system to the air strippers located at the Advanced Micro
Devices (AMD) #915 site. Approximately 20% of the water is treated and then discharged to a
storm drain which empties into the Calabasas Creek. The remainder is used as process water by
AMD #915.
Entire Site: In 1989, TRW, under State monitoring, began investigating the type and
extent of contamination remaining on the site. TRW completed the investigation in early
1991. The final cleanup remedy is expected to be selected in late 1991.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued an order requiring Advanced Micro Devices, Signetics, and
TRW Microwave to develop a joint plan to prevent further migration of contaminants. New orders
in 1989 require TRW to submit an investigation and proposed plan with American Micro Devices
and Signetics.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil and the extraction and treatment of groundwater have
greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the TRW Microwave site
while studies continue and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 198 TRW MICROWAVE, INC. (BUILDING 825)
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UNITED
HECKATHORN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981436363
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Contra Costa County
Richmond
Other Names:
Levin Richmond/Parr Canal Site
From 1948 through 1965, several companies leased the United Heckathorn Co. site on the northern
4 1/2 acres of the Levin-Richmond Terminal Corporation's property to process chemicals. Site
owners included Parr Industrial Corporation (1947-1961), Parr Richmond Terminal Corporation
(1961 to 1981), and Levin-Richmond Terminal Corporation (1981 to the present). In the late 1940s
and early 1950s, Universal Pigment and Chemical Company produced napalm on site. From 1958 to
1965, Montrose Chemical Corporation contracted with United Heckathorn, United Chemetrics, and
ChemWest for pesticide-grinding services. United Heckathorn was the last company to formulate
pesticides at this site. The California Department of Fish and Game has recorded several instances
of chemicals being discharged into the Lauritzen Canal, including naphthenic acid in 1951 and the
pesticide DDT in 1960. In 1980, the State found elevated levels of pesticides in the soil. In 1988,
the EPA detected DDT in the air at numerous locations on and off site. The site is adjacent to the
Lauritzen Canal. The canal is on the Richmond Inner Harbor, which is on the San Francisco Bay.
The Harbor is used for recreational and commercial fishing and shellfish harvesting. A coastal
wetland is less than 1/2 mile from the site. Approximately 10,900 people live within 1 mile of the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 03/14/90
Threats and Contaminants
Air contains various pesticides. Sediments in the Lauritzen Canal and soils are
contaminated with pesticides. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact
with contaminated soils or sediments may be at risk. Contaminants in the wetlands or
other bodies of water may harm wildlife in or around the water. People who ingest
contaminated shellfish may also be at risk. Results of the State of California Mussel
Watch Program show that the highest levels of DDT and dieldrin bioaccumulation in fish
across the State occurs in the waters at this site.
199
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under a Unilateral Order issued by the EPA in September 1990,
the potentially responsible parties began removing approximately 2,500 cubic yards of
pesticide residue and contaminated soil from the shoreline. The residue contained high
quantities of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin. The removal was completed in 1991.
Entire Site: The EPA is investigating the site to determine the extent of contamination
and to identify the cleanup actions needed at this site. Once these studies are completed,
the EPA will select a final cleanup strategy for site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to pesticide
contaminants from the United Heckathorn Co. site while investigations are taking place and cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991
200
UNITED HECKATHORN CO.
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VALLEY WOOD
PRESERVING, I
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD063020143
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Stanislaus County
1 1/2 miles southwest of Turlock
The 13-acre Valley Wood Preserving, Inc. site was in operation from 1973 until the County revoked
the company's license in 1979. The wood preserving process involved pressure treating lumber with
an aqueous chromated copper arsenate (CCA) solution. This solution was mixed in an aboveground
tank near the site boundary and was stored in three adjacent aboveground tanks. Water was piped to
the mixing tanks from a well. After the treatment cycle, the wood-treatment solution was drained
into sumps and was pumped back to the mixing tank for reuse. The areas around the treatment
cylinders and storage tanks were unpaved during the first 2 years of operation. Asphalt paving now
covers areas where treated wood was once stored on the ground. Paved areas were added from 1975
to 1978 as the plant increased production. In 1979, the California Regional Water Quality Control
Board (CRWQCB) identified toxic wood-treating chemicals in an on-site storage pond, monitoring
wells, and on- and off-site soils. Approximately 34,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The
City of Turlock municipal wells, which draw water from an aquifer underlying the site, serve 26,200
people within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sludge, and soil contain chromium, arsenic, and copper. The upper aquifer
is contaminated. Private and irrigation wells draw water from the upper aquifer. People
who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil
may suffer adverse health effects.
201
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: After closing the site, the company excavated and disposed of
approximately 1,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil. During initial groundwater cleanup
from 1979 to 1983, approximately 70,000,000 gallons of chromium-contaminated
groundwater were extracted. The groundwater was treated by an electrochemical treatment process
and was discharged to the paved depressions for evaporation. The purpose of this action was to
retard plume movement and to protect domestic wells downgradient from the site. Additionally,
Valley Wood Preserving removed sludge from the tank that will be used to hold water from pumping
for testing; drilled several wells, which originally were used for monitoring, and some of which are
being used for groundwater extraction; removed underground storage tanks; and drilled three deep
wells as an alternate source of drinking water for three homes.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible panics are conducting an investigation to
determine the type and extent of contamination on the site. Scheduled for completion in
1991, this investigation will result in the identification of final measures for site cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA and Valley Wood Preserving entered into a Consent Order which
required the company to conduct emergency actions including the on-site removal and treatment of
contaminated groundwater. In 1990, Valley Wood Preserving and the EPA entered into a Consent
Order, requiring the company to conduct an investigation of the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil, the extraction and treatment of groundwater, and the
provision of an alternate water supply have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to site
contaminants at the Valley Wood Preserving site while further studies are taking place and cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991 202 VALLEY WOOD PRESERVING, INC.
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WASTE DISPOS
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980884357
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 33
Los Angeles County
Santa Fe Springs
Site Description
The 40-acre Waste Disposal, Inc. site contains a concrete-lined pond, oil sumps, and a solid waste
landfill. The company operated the facility from 1928 to 1965. The facility was licensed by the
California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) to accept acetylene sludge, brewery
residue, and fluids from cesspool operations. It also was licensed by the Los Angeles County
Engineer to accept rotary drilling muds, construction debris, and oil field sump sludges. The 15,000
residents of Santa Fe Springs obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The
closest residence is within 50 yards of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). People may be exposed to potential health hazards by
accidentally ingesting or direct contact with contaminants in the soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
203
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Action: A fence was erected around the site in 1988 by the EPA to prevent
direct contact with site contaminants.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA began a study to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the site and to identify possible long-term cleanup actions. The
investigation is scheduled for completion by in 1992, after which a recommendation for
the final cleanup method will be made.
Environmental Progress
The fencing of the site has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at the Waste Disposal,
Inc. site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April! 991
204
WASTE DISPOSAL, INC.
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WATKINS-JOHNS
COMPANY
(STEWART DIVISION)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980893234
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Santa Cruz County
Scotts Valley
The plant on the 3-acre Watkins-Johnson Company (Stewart Division) site began to manufacture
industrial furnaces and electrical parts in 1963. The California Regional Water Quality Control
Board (CRWQCB) and Watkins-Johnson detected volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in the on-site
soil and groundwater in 1984. The contamination probably resulted from improper handling of
hazardous waste generated during plant operations. Access to the site is limited to employees by a
fence and controlled gate. Approximately 10,600 people living within a 3-mile radius of the site
obtain their drinking water entirely from groundwater sources.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various VOCs. On-site workers could be
exposed to contaminants through direct contact or accidentally ingesting contaminated
soils or groundwater. Site-related contaminants could accumulate in livestock and crops
grown near the site; therefore, area residents may also be exposed to contaminants when
consuming locally produced meats and produce.
205
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In response to a Cleanup and Abatement Order from the CRWQCB,
the Watkins-Johnson Company began an interim program to pump and treat contaminated
groundwater in 1986.
Entire Site: The remedy selected by the EPA in 1990 includes: (1) installing a soil
vapor extraction system; (2) installing a groundwater extraction treatment system; (3)
treating the extracted groundwater with granular activated carbon and discharging the
treated groundwater into nearby Bean Creek; and (4) monitoring the groundwater and soil. The
parties potentially responsible for site contamination plan to begin the design of these cleanup
technologies in late 1991. Cleanup work is expected to take approximately 10 years.
Environmental Progress
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that Watkins-Johnson's interim groundwater pump and treat program provided adequate protection
while cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
206
WATKINS-JOHNSON COMPANY
(STEWART DIVISION)
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WESTERN PA
RAILROAD CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894679
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Butte County
2 miles south of Oroville
Other Names:
Western Pacific Railroad
Roundhouse Facility and Yard
The 90-acre Western Pacific Railroad Co. site near Oroville operated as a rail yard from 1920 until
1982. A wooden structure known as the roundhouse was used to fuel, repair, service, and clean rail
cars. Specific activities included sandblasting, welding, cutting, and fabricating. As a result of these
activities, waste solvents, oils, grease, and wastewaters containing heavy metals were discharged to
an unlined surface impoundment until 1987. A concrete tank containing an unknown oily-like
substance also is located on site. Waste oil and grease-contaminated soil piles are located adjacent
to the site. Four California Water Service Company wells are located within 3 miles of the site.
Water from the wells is blended with water from the Feather River to serve the company's 10,000
customers. One of the wells is on the site and is leased to Western Pacific. The Feather River is
located 1 mile from the site in the direction of surface water runoff and is used for recreational
activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on site is contaminated with chromium and various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Sludges and soil from the surface impoundment are contaminated
with heavy metals including arsenic, lead, and chromium. Potential health threats to
people include drinking, accidentally ingesting, or drinking contaminated groundwater,
soil, and sludges.
207
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under the supervision of the State, soils and sludges associated
with the surface impoundment were removed and transported to Utah, where they were
recycled into asphalt road base. The two 30-gallon concrete sumps were closed, and soil
samples collected from the surrounding area at the sumps revealed no contamination. The
underground oil/waste separator was emptied and backfilled with clean soil. The underground
storage tank was removed.
Entire Site: The State recently performed a site inspection to verify whether there was
any potential for exposure to contaminants. Based on the results of the investigation, it
has been determined that the assumed source of contamination has been eliminated.
Contaminated soils in the fueling area and adjacent to the abandoned oil/water separator currently
are being characterized. Quarterly groundwater monitoring by the State still is being conducted.
Site Facts: In 1989, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order to Union Pacific and Solano
Railcar, the potentially responsible parties, requiring them to sample abandoned water supply wells
to determine the best way to seal them, to install a water separator to collect runoff from
locomotives, and to install equipment to prevent runoff.
Environmental Progress
The removal of soils and sludges has virtually eliminated the sources of contamination. The EPA
and the State will continue to assess the site to determine that no other sources of contamination
exist at the Western Pacific Railroad Co. site.
April 1991 208 WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO.
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ri
WESTINGHOUSEv
ELECTRIC CORP. X^
(SUNNYVALE PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD001864081
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
The 75-acre Westinghouse (Sunnyvale Plant) site formerly was used to manufacture electrical
transformers and currently is used to manufacture steam generators, marine propulsion systems, and
missile launching systems for the Department of Defense. Groundwater contamination is believed to
have resulted from a leaking polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) storage tank and from localized
spills. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have
used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a
common groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to
combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the
contamination. Most of the contaminated areas on site have been removed or have been paved over.
Access to the site is restricted. Approximately 710,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The
nearest residence is located adjacent to the site. Approximately 300,000 people depend on
groundwater within 3 miles of the site for drinking water. There are no private wells within the
vicinity of the site; however, area municipal wells are located within 1/4 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with PCBs and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Potential health threats to area residents include accidentally ingesting or
coming into direct contact with site contaminants.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
209
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Westinghouse removed contaminated soils in 1984 and 1985, and
a gasoline tank in 1986.
Entire Site: The Westinghouse Electric Corp., under EPA monitoring, is conducting an
investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation will
define the contaminants and will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. The
investigation is planned to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State issued Waste Discharge Requirements to Westinghouse, requiring
the company to conduct interim cleanup measures and to investigate the nature and extent of
contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and a gasoline tank greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated materials at the Westinghouse (Sunnyvale Plant) site while studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
210
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC
CORP. (SUNNYVALE PLANT)
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THE NPL FACT SHEETS
Hawaii
o
Summary
of Site
Activities
EPA REGION 9
211
April! 991
-------
Who Do I Call with Questions?
The following pages describe each NPL site in Hawaii, providing specific
information on threats and contaminants, cleanup activities, and environmen-
tal progress. Should you have questions, please call the EPA's Region 9
Office in San Francisco, California or one of the other offices listed below:
EPA Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office (415) 744-2175
EPA Region 9 Superfund Office (415) 744-1519
EPA Superfund Hotline (800) 424-9346
EPA Headquarters Public Information Center (202) 260-2080
Hawaii Superfund Office " (808) 543-8249
April 1991 212
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SCHOFIELD E|/^RACKS CONGRESSIONA? DIST.02
HAWAII r-X Oahu County
IIAAVVAMI VQ\ Wahiawa, Oahu
EPAID#HI7210090026
Site Description
The 17,725-acre Schofield Barracks site was established in 1908 to provide a base for the
Army's mobile defense of Pearl Harbor and the entire island. Industrial operations involved
maintenance, repair, painting, and degreasing, all using various organic solvents. In 1985, the
Hawaii Department of Health informed the Army that high levels of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) contaminated wells that supply drinking water to 25,000 people at Schofield Barracks.
In 1986, the Army began removing the contaminants from the water by using an air stripping
facility. The area around the barracks generally is rain forest. Approximately 55,000 people in
Wahiawa and Mililani obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of hazardous
substances on the base. Three miles downstream of the base, Wahiawa Reservoir is used to
irrigate 3,000 acres of pineapple fields. The reservoir also is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains trichloroethylene (TCE). People who drink or come in
direct contact with contaminated groundwater may suffer adverse health effects.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of suspected TCE sources, groundwater, and non-TCE sources.
213 April! 991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the Army installed a groundwater treatment system
on four existing production wells to remove or reduce concentrations of TCE in the
drinking water used at the base. The State has been monitoring the groundwater since
the contamination was discovered.
Suspected TCE Sources: The Army plans to initiate a thorough investigation of
suspected TCE sources in late 1991. Based on the results of the investigation, a
remedy will be chosen to address these sources of contamination.
Groundwater: A study of the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at the
site is scheduled to begin in late 1991. At its conclusion, techniques for cleaning up
any contamination will be chosen.
Non-TCE Sources: In late 1991, the Army is scheduled to begin a study of
contamination from sources other than the TCE problem areas. Recommended
cleanup actions will be provided.
Site Facts: Schofield Barracks is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD
facilities. A Federal Facilities Agreement between the EPA and the Army is expected to be
signed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system has greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Schofield Barracks site while studies continue and cleanup
activities are being planned to addresss the sources of contamination and treat contaminated
groundwater resources.
April 1991 214 SCHOFIELD BARRACKS
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APPENDIX A
Glossary:
Terms Used
in the
Fact Sheets
215
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GLOSSARY
This glossary defines terms used
throughout the NPL Volumes. The
terms and abbreviations contained in
this glossary apply specifically to work
performed under the Superfund program in
the context of hazardous waste management.
These terms may have other meanings when
used in a different context.
Terms Used
in the NPL
Book
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0), that are used in chemical
manufacturing. Acids in high concentration
can be very corrosive and react with many
inorganic and organic substances. These
reactions possibly may create toxic com-
pounds or release heavy metal contaminants
that remain in the environment long after the
acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A legal
and enforceable agreement between the EPA
and the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination. Under the terms of the Order,
the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules,
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government; it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA,
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally,
the EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for
site studies).
Aeration: A process that promotes break-
down of contaminants in soil or water by
exposing them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR): The Federal agency
within the U.S. Public Health Service charged
with carrying out the health-related responsi-
bilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of
air through it in a pressurized vessel. The
contaminants are evaporated into the air
stream. The air may be further treated before
it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Any unconfined part of the
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity
of contaminated air sources.
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock,
sand, or gravel capable of storing water
within cracks and pore spaces, or between
grains. When water contained within an
aquifer is of sufficient quantity and quality, it
can be tapped and used for drinking or other
purposes. The water contained in the aquifer
is called groundwater. A sole source aquifer
supplies 50% or more of the drinking water of
an area.
Artesian (Well): A well made by drilling
into the earth until water is reached, which,
from internal pressure, flows up like a foun-
tain.
217
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GLOSSARY.
Attenuation: The naturally occurring pro-
cess by which a compound is reduced in
concentration over time through adsorption,
degradation, dilution, and/or transformation.
Background Level: The amount of a sub-
stance typically found in the air, water, or soil
from natural, as opposed to human, sources.
Baghouse Dust: Dust accumulated in remov-
ing particulates from the air by passing it
through cloth bags in an enclosure.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH
(greater than 7.0), which tend to be corrosive
in chemical reactions. When bases are mixed
with acids, they neutralize each other, form-
ing salts.
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth
used to prevent the migration of contami-
nants.
Bioaccumulate: The process by which some
contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living
tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people, as
they breathe contaminated air, drink contami-
nated water, or eat contaminated food.
Biological Treatment: The use of bacteria or
other microbial organisms to break down
toxic organic materials into carbon dioxide
and water.
Bioremediation: A cleanup process using
naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants and
break them down into non-hazardous compo-
nents.
Bog: A type of wetland that is covered with
peat moss deposits. Bogs depend primarily
on moisture from the air for their water
source, are usually acidic, and are rich in plant
residue [see Wetland].
Boom: A floating device used to contain oil
floating on a body of water or to restrict the
potential overflow of waste liquids from
containment structures.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into the
ground and used to sample soil or ground-
water.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil,
sand, or gravel has been dug up for use
elsewhere.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a
synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated
materials. The surface of the cap generally is
mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in
which contaminants are removed from
groundwater and surface water by forcing
water through tanks containing activated
carbon, a specially treated material that
attracts and holds or retains contaminants.
Carbon Disulfide: A degreasing agent
formerly used extensively for parts washing.
This compound has both inorganic and or-
ganic properties, which increase cleaning
efficiency. However, these properties also
cause chemical reactions that increase the
hazard to human health and the environment
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion].
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series
of holes in a landfill where waste is dumped,
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt.
CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation, and Liabil-
ity Act].
Characterization: The sampling, monitor-
ing, and analysis of a site to determine the
218
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GLOSSARY
extent and nature of toxic releases. Character-
ization provides the basis for acquiring the
necessary technical information to develop,
screen, analyze, and select appropriate
cleanup techniques.
Chemical Fixation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the
potential for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly
toxic and water-soluble, making it a relatively
mobile contaminant in the environment.
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a
release or threat of release of a hazardous
substance. The term "cleanup" sometimes is
used interchangeably with the terms remedial
action, removal action, response action, or
corrective action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill
stops accepting wastes and is shut down,
under Federal guidelines that ensure the
protection of the public and the environment.
Comment Period: A specific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period
is provided when the EPA proposes to add
sites to the NPL. There is minimum 3-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed
to clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communica-
tion with the public. Goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related ac-
tions, assuring public input into decision-
making processes related to affected commu-
nities, and making certain that the Agency is
aware of, and responsive to, public concerns.
Specific community relations activities are
required in relation to Superfund cleanup
actions [see Comment Period].
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA, known as Superfund, in 1980 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment. The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come to-
gether.
Consent Decree: A legal document, ap-
proved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between the EPA and the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the
potentially responsible parties are required to
perform and/or the costs incurred by the
government that the parties will reimburse, as
well as the roles, responsibilities, and enforce-
ment options that the government may exer-
cise in the event of non-compliance by poten-
tially responsible parties. If a settlement
between the EPA and a potentially respon-
sible party includes cleanup actions, it must
be in the form of a Consent Decree. A Con-
sent Decree is subject to a public comment
period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order
on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or
containing hazardous substances in a struc-
ture, typically in a pond or a lagoon, to pre-
vent the migration of contaminants into the
environment.
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GLOSSARY.
Contaminant: Any physical, chemical,
biological, or radiological material or sub-
stance whose quantity, location, or nature
produces undesirable health or environmental
effects.
Contingency Plan: A document setting out
an organized, planned, and coordinated course
of action to be followed in case of a fire,
explosion, or other accident that releases toxic
chemicals, hazardous wastes, or radioactive
materials into the environment
Cooperative Agreement: A contract be-
tween the EPA and the States, wherein a State
agrees to manage or monitor certain site
cleanup responsibilities and other activities on
a cost-sharing basis.
Cost Recovery: A legal process by which
potentially responsible parties can be required
to pay back the Superfund program for money
it spends on any cleanup actions [see Poten-
tially Responsible Parties].
Cover: Vegetation or other material placed
over a landfill or other waste material. It can
be designed to reduce movement of water into
the waste and to prevent erosion that could
cause the movement of contaminants.
Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood preserv-
ing operations and produced by distillation of
tar, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
[see PAHs and PNAs]. Contaminating
sediments, soils, and surface water, creosotes
may cause skin ulcerations and cancer
through prolonged exposure.
Culvert: A pipe used for drainage under a
road, railroad track, path, or through an
embankment.
Decommission: To revoke a license to
operate and take out of service.
Degradation: The process by which a
chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes,
soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
De minimis: This legal phrase pertains to
settlements with parties who contributed
small amounts of hazardous waste to a site.
This process allows the EPA to settle with
small, or de minimis contributors, as a single
group rather than as individuals, saving time,
money, and effort.
Dewater: To remove water from wastes,
soils, or chemicals.
Dike: A low wall that can act as a barrier to
prevent a spill from spreading.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals; polluted
soils; and drums containing hazardous materi-
als. Disposal may be accomplished through
the use of approved secure landfills, surface
impoundments, land farming, deep well
injection, or incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydrologic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgra-
dient of a contaminated groundwater source
are prone to receiving pollutants.
Effluent: Wastewater, treated or untreated,
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents,
and surface areas of commercial or industrial
facilities.
Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix; e.g., oil
and water.
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GLOSSARY
Endangerment Assessment: A study con-
ducted to determine the risks posed to public
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to
direct the potentially responsible parties to
clean up a site or pay for the cleanup. An
endangerment assessment supplements an
investigation of the site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA, State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements; to compel compliance with laws,
rules, regulations, or agreements; and/or to
obtain penalties or criminal sanctions for
violations. Enforcement procedures may
vary, depending on the specific requirements
of different environmental laws and related
regulatory requirements. Under CERCLA,
for example, the EPA will seek to require
potentially responsible parties to clean up a
Superfund site or pay for the cleanup [see
Cost Recovery].
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out.
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as the
remedial investigation is underway; together,
they are commonly referred to as the RI/FS
[see Remedial Investigation].
Filtration: A treatment process for removing
solid (particulate) matter from water by
passing the water through sand, activated
carbon, or a man-made filter. The process is
often used to remove particles that contain
contaminants.
Flood Plain: An area along a river, formed
from sediment deposited by floods. Rood
plains periodically are innundated by natural
floods, which can spread contamination.
Flue Gas: The air that is emitted from a
chimney after combustion in the burner
occurs. The gas can include nitrogen oxides,
carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides,
particles, and many chemical pollutants.
Fly Ash: Non-combustible residue that
results from the combustion of flue gases. It
can include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,
water vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many
other chemical pollutants.
French Drain System: A crushed rock drain
system constructed of perforated pipes, which
is used to drain and disperse wastewater.
Gasification (coal): The conversion of soft
coal into gas for use as a fuel.
Generator: A facility that emits pollutants
into the air or releases hazardous wastes into
water or soil.
Good Faith Offer: A voluntary offer, gener-
ally in response to a Special Notice letter,
made by a potentially responsible party,
consisting of a written proposal demonstrating
a potentially responsible party's qualifications
221
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GLOSSARY.
and willingness to perform a site study or
cleanup.
Groundwater: Underground water that fills
pores in soils or openings in rocks to the point
of saturation. In aquifers, groundwater occurs
in sufficient quantities for use as drinking and
irrigation water and other purposes.
Groundwater Quality Assessment: The
process of analyzing the chemical characteris-
tics of groundwater to determine whether any
hazardous materials exist.
Halogens: Reactive non-metals, such as
chlorine and bromine. Halogens are very
good oxidizing agents and, therefore, have
many industrial uses. They are rarely found
by themselves; however, many chemicals
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
some volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and dioxin are reactive because of the pres-
ence of halogens.
Hazard Ranking System (HRS): The
principal screening tool used by the EPA to
evaluate relative risks to public health and the
environment associated with abandoned or
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The HRS
calculates a score based on the potential of
hazardous substances spreading from the site
through the air, surface water, or groundwater
and on other factors such as nearby popula-
tion. The HRS score is the primary factor in
deciding if the site should be on the NPL.
Hazardous Waste: By-products of society
that can pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health and the environment
when improperly managed. It possesses at
least one of four characteristics (ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or appears
on special EPA lists.
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site con-
taining exceptionally high levels of contami-
nation.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater,
with particular emphasis on the chemistry and
movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by con-
trolled burning at high temperatures, e.g.,
burning sludge to reduce the remaining
residues to a non-burnable ash that can be
disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or
in underground locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or other
liquid down through soil from precipitation
(rain or snow) or from application of waste-
water to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant.
Injection Well: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical substances
of mineral origin, not of basic carbon struc-
ture.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 1978
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source from where a water
supply is drawn, such as from a river or water
body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities,
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GLOSSARY
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of
the agencies for performing and overseeing
the activities. States often are parties to
interagency agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in 1980, are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges,
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land and/or
incorporate waste into the surface soil, such
as fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to
the smallest practical volume, and covered
with soil at the end of each operating day.
Secure chemical landfills are disposal sites for
hazardous waste. They are designed to
minimize the chance of release of hazardous
substances into the environment [see Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act].
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles
through or drains from waste, carrying soluble
components from the waste. Leach, Leach-
ing [v.t.]: The process by which soluble
chemical components are dissolved and
carried through soil by water or some other
percolating liquid.
Leachate Collection System: A system that
gathers liquid that has leaked into a landfill or
other waste disposal area and pumps it to the
surface for treatment.
Liner: A relatively impermeable barrier
designed to prevent leachate (waste residue)
from leaking from a landfill. Liner materials
include plastic and dense clay.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct, often
incremental, steps that are taken to solve site
pollution problems. Depending on the com-
plexity, site cleanup activities can be sepa-
rated into several of these phases.
Marsh: A type of wetland that does not
contain peat moss deposits and is dominated
by vegetation. Marshes may be either fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetland].
Migration: The movement of oil, gas,
contaminants, water, or other liquids through
porous and permeable soils or rock.
Mill Tailings: [See Mine Tailings].
Mine Tailings: A fine, sandy residue left
from mining operations. Tailings often
contain high concentrations of lead, uranium,
and arsenic or other heavy metals.
Mitigation: Actions taken to improve site
conditions by limiting, reducing, or control-
ling toxicity and contamination sources.
Modeling: A technique using a mathematical
or physical representation of a system or
theory that tests the effects that changes on
system components have on the overall
performance of the system.
Monitoring Wells: Special wells drilled at
specific locations within, or surrounding, a
hazardous waste site where groundwater can
be sampled at selected depths and studied to
obtain such information as the direction in
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GLOSSARY.
which groundwater flows and the types and
amounts of contaminants present.
National Priorities List (NPL): The EPA's
list of the most serious uncontrolled or aban-
doned hazardous waste sites identified for
possible long-term cleanup under Superfund.
The EPA is required to update the NPL at
least once a year.
Neutrals: Organic compounds that have a
relatively neutral pH, complex structure and,
due to their organic bases, are easily absorbed
into the environment. Naphthalene, pyrene,
and trichlorobenzene are examples of
neutrals.
Nitroaromatics: Common components of
explosive materials, which will explode if
activated by very high temperatures or pres-
sures; 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a
nitroaromatic.
Notice Letter: A General Notice Letter
notifies the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination of their possible liability.
A Special Notice Letter begins a 60-day
formal period of negotiation during which the
EPA is not allowed to start work at a site or
initiate enforcement actions against poten-
tially responsible parties, although the EPA
may undertake certain investigatory and
planning activities. The 60-day period may
be extended if the EPA receives a good faith
offer within that period.
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA, Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superfund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds: Chemical
substances containing mainly carbon, hydro-
gen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where wastewater is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic,
modified petrochemical that is used as a wood
preservative because of its toxicity to termites
and fungi. It is a common component of
creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay
or rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery opera-
tions and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene, chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases
from which volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), plastics, and many pesticides are
made. These chemical substances often are
toxic to humans and the environment.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used
in plastics manufacturing and are by-products
of petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye,
and resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly
poisonous.
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GLOSSARY
Physical Chemical Separation: The treat-
ment process of adding a chemical to a sub-
stance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal.
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to deter-
mine its ability to clean up specific contami-
nants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow
of water, oil, or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The move-
ment of the groundwater is influenced by such
factors as local groundwater flow patterns, the
character of the aquifer in which groundwater
is contained, and the density of contaminants
[see Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature, location, or quantity
produces undesired health or environmental
effects.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):
PAHs, such as pyrene, are a group of highly
reactive organic compounds found in motor
oil. They are a common component of creo-
sotes and can cause cancer.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): A
group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications,
carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope immersion oils, and caulk-
ing compounds. PCBs also are produced in
certain combustion processes. PCBs are
extremely persistent in the environment
because they are very stable, non-reactive,
and highly heat resistant. Chronic exposure
to PCBs is believed to cause liver damage. It
also is known to bioaccumulate in fatty
tissues. PCB use and sale was banned in
1979 with the passage of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and
biphenyls, are a group of highly reactive
organic compounds that are a common com-
ponent of creosotes, which can be carcino-
genic.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A plastic made
from the gaseous substance vinyl chloride.
PVC is used to make pipes, records, raincoats,
and floor tiles. Health risks from high con-
centrations of vinyl chloride include liver
cancer and lung cancer, as well as cancer of
the lymphatic and nervous systems.
Potable Water: Water that is safe for drink-
ing and cooking,
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs):
Parties, including owners, who may have
contributed to the contamination at a Su-
perfund site and may be liable for costs of
response actions. Parties are considered PRPs
until they admit liability or a court makes a
determination of liability. PRPs may sign a
Consent Decree or Administrative Order on
Consent to participate in site cleanup activity
without admitting liability.
Precipitation: The removal of solids from
liquid waste so that the solid and liquid
portions can be disposed of safely; the re-
moval of particles from airborne emissions.
Electrochemical precipitation is the use of an
anode or cathode to remove the hazardous
chemicals. Chemical precipitation involves
the addition of some substance to cause the
solid portion to separate.
Preliminary Assessment: The process of
collecting and reviewing available informa-
tion about a known or suspected waste site or
release to determine if a threat or potential
threat exists.
225
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GLOSSARY.
Pump and Treat: A groundwater cleanup
technique involving the extracting of contami-
nated groundwater from the subsurface and
the removal of contaminants, using one of
several treatment technologies.
Radionuclides: Elements, including radium
and uranium-235 and -238, which break down
and produce radioactive substances due to
their unstable atomic structure. Some are
man-made, and others are naturally occurring
in the environment. Radon, the gaseous form
of radium, decays to form alpha particle
radiation, which cannot be absorbed through
skin. However, it can be inhaled, which
allows alpha particles to affect unprotected
tissues directly and thus cause cancer. Radia-
tion also occurs naturally through the break-
down of granite stones.
RCRA: [See Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act].
Recharge Area: A land area where rainwater
saturates the ground and soaks through the
earth to reach an aquifer.
Record of Decision (ROD): A public docu-
ment that explains which cleanup
alternative(s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual construc-
tion or implementation phase of a Superfund
site cleanup following the remedial design
[see Cleanup].
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup,
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth study
designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contami-
nation at a Superfund site, establish the
criteria for cleaning up the site, identify the
preliminary alternatives for cleanup actions,
and support the technical and cost analyses of
the alternatives. The remedial investigation
is usually done with the feasibility study.
Together they are customarily referred to as
the RI/FS [see Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at a site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed with-
out further cleanup activities, a "No Action"
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision].
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant remain-
ing in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g.,
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or particulates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubbing, or
other, process.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA): A Federal law that established a
regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
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GLOSSARY
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons to store
waste.
Riparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to rivers
and streams that have a high density, diver-
sity, and productivity of plant and animal
species relative to nearby uplands.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contamina-
tion from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution device that uses a
spray of water or reactant or a dry process to
trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters, such
as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
Seeps: Specific points where releases of
liquid (usually leachate) form from waste
disposal areas, particularly along the lower
edges of landfills.
Seepage Pits: A hole, shaft, or cavity in the
ground used for storage of liquids, usually in
the form of leachate, from waste disposal
areas. The liquid gradually leaves the pit by
moving through the surrounding soil.
Septage: Residue remaining in a septic tank
after the treatment process.
Sinkhole: A hollow depression in the land
surface in which drainage collects; associated
with underground caves and passages that
facilitate the movement of liquids.
Site Characterization: The technical pro-
cess used to evaluate the nature and extent of
environmental contamination, which is
necessary for choosing and designing cleanup
measures and monitoring their effectiveness.
Site Inspection: The collection of informa-
tion from a hazardous waste site to determine
the extent and severity of hazards posed by
the site. It follows, and is more extensive
than, a preliminary assessment. The purpose
is to gather information necessary to score the
site, using the Hazard Ranking System, and to
determine if the site presents an immediate
threat that requires a prompt removal action.
Slag: The fused refuse or dross separated
from a metal in the process of smelting.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial
or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the
flow of contaminated groundwater or subsur-
face liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by
digging a trench around a contaminated area
and filling the trench with an impermeable
material that prevents water from passing
through it. The groundwater or contaminated
liquids trapped within the area surrounded by
the slurry wall can be extracted and treated.
Smelter: A facility that melts or fuses ore,
often with an accompanying chemical change,
to separate the metal. Emissions from smelt-
ers are known to cause pollution.
Soil Gas: Gaseous elements and compounds
that occur in the small spaces between par-
ticles of soil. Such gases can move through
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GLOSSARY
or leave the soil or rock, depending on
changes in pressure.
Soil Vapor Extraction: A treatment process
that uses vacuum wells to remove hazardous
gases from soil.
Soil Washing: A water-based process for
mechanically scrubbing soils in-place to
remove undesirable materials. There are two
approaches: dissolving or suspending them in
the wash solution for later treatment by
conventional methods, and concentrating
them into a smaller volume of soil through
simple particle size separation techniques [see
Solvent Extraction].
Stabilization: The process of changing an
active substance into inert, harmless material,
or physical activities at a site that act to limit
the further spread of contamination without
actual reduction of toxicity.
Solidification/Stabilization: A chemical or
physical reduction of the mobility of hazard-
ous constituents. Mobility is reduced through
the binding of hazardous constituents into a
solid mass with low permeability and resis-
tance to leaching.
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form a solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for degreasing, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges,
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorption: The action of soaking up or at-
tracting substances. It is used in many pollu-
tion control systems.
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air
Stripping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal.
Superfund: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority
to respond directly to releases or threatened
releases of hazardous substances that may
endanger public health, welfare, or the envi-
ronment. The "Superfund" is a trust fund that
finances cleanup actions at hazardous waste
sites.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, includ-
ing liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wet-
lands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soil.
Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater, soil,
etc., to determine whether and how well the
method will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as
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GLOSSARY
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent.
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled,
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver [see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order].
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope;
demarks areas that are higher than contami-
nated areas and, therefore, are not prone to
contamination by the movement of polluted
groundwater.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the
soil draws VOC-contaminated air from the
soil pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn
down from the surface of the soil.
Vegetated Soil Cap: A cap constructed with
graded soils and seed for vegetative growth,
to prevent erosion [see Cap].
Vitrification: The process of electrically
. melting wastes and soils or sludges to bind
the waste in a glassy, solid material more
durable than granite or marble and resistant to
leaching.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
VOCs are manufactured as secondary petro-
chemicals. They include light alcohols,
acetone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride,
toluene, and methylene chloride. These
potentially toxic chemicals are used as sol-
vents, degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels.
Because of their volatile nature, they readily
evaporate into the air, increasing the potential
exposure to humans. Due to their low water
solubility, environmental persistence, and
widespread industrial use, they are commonly
found in soil and groundwater.
Waste Treatment Plant: A facility that uses
a series of tanks, screens, filters, and other
treatment processes to remove pollutants from
water.
Wastewater: The spent or used water from
individual homes or industries.
Watershed: The land area that drains into a
stream or other water body.
Water Table: The upper surface of the
groundwater.
Weir: A barrier to divert water or other
liquids.
Wetland: An area that is regularly saturated
by surface or groundwater and, under normal
circumstances, is capable of supporting
vegetation typically adapted for life in satu-
rated soil conditions. Wetlands are critical to
sustaining many species of fish and wildlife.
Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes,
and bogs. Wetlands may be either coastal or
inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish
(a mixture of salt and fresh) water, and most
have tides, while inland wetlands are non-
tidal and freshwater. Coastal wetlands are an
integral component of estuaries.
Wildlife Refuge: An area designated for the
protection of wild animals, within which
hunting and fishing are either prohibited or
strictly controlled.
229
-------
APPENDIX B
Information
Repositories
for
NPL Sites
in California
and Hawaii
231
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