United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(OS-240)
EPA/540/8-91/044
September 1991
PB92-963241
National
Priorities
List Sites:
NEW JERSEY
1 9 9 T
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Publication #9200.5-730A
September 1991
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
New Jersey
U.S. Environmental ir:.V".-:
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If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes contact:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4650
The National Overview volume, Superfund: Focusing on the Nation at Large (1991),
may be ordered as PB92-963253.
The complete set of the overview documents, plus the 49 state reports may be ordered
as PB92-963253.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction:
A Brief Overview 1
Superfund:
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up Sites? 5
The Volume:
How to Use the State Book 13
NPL Sites:
In the State of New Jersey 17
The NPL Report:
Progress to Date 19
The NPL Fact Sheets:
Summary of Site Activities 25
Appendix A: Glossary:
Terms Used in the Fact Sheets 263
Appendix B: Repositories of
Site Information 279
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INTRODUCTION
WHY THE SUPERFUND
PROGRAM?
As the 1970s came to a close, a series of
headline stories gave Americans a
look at the dangers of dumping indus-
trial and urban wastes on the land. First there
was New York's Love Canal. Hazardous
waste buried there over a 25-year period
contaminated streams and soil, and endangered
the health of nearby residents. The result:
evacuation of several hundred people. Then
the leaking barrels at the Valley of the Drums
in Kentucky attracted public attention, as did
the dioxin-tainted land and water in Times
Beach, Missouri.
In all these cases, human health and the envi-
ronment were threatened, lives were disrupted,
and property values were reduced. It became
increasingly clear that there were large num-
bers of serious hazardous waste problems that
were falling through the cracks of existing
environmental laws. The magnitude of these
emerging problems moved Congress to enact
the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act in 1980.
CERCLA — commonly known as Superfund
— was the first Federal law established to deal
with the dangers posed by the Nation's hazard-
ous waste sites.
After Discovery, the Problem
Intensified
Few realized the size of the problem until the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
began the process of site discovery and site
evaluation. Not hundreds, but thousands of
potential hazardous waste sites existed, and
they presented the Nation with some of the
most complex pollution problems it had ever
faced.
Since the Superfund program began, hazard-
A
Brief
ous waste has surfaced as a major environ-
mental concern in every part of the United
States. It wasn't just the land that was con-
taminated by past disposal practices. Chemi-
cals in the soil were spreading into the ground-
water (a source of drinking water for many)
and into streams, lakes, bays, and wetlands.
Toxic vapors contaminated the air at some
sites, while improperly disposed or stored
wastes threatened the health of the surrounding
community and the environment at others.
The EPA Identified More than 1,200
Serious Sites
The EPA has identified 1,245 hazardous waste
sites as the most serious in the Nation. These
sites comprise the National Priorities List; sites
targeted for cleanup under Super-fund. But
site discoveries continue, and the EPA esti-
mates that, while some will be deleted after
lengthy cleanups, this list, commonly called
the NPL, will continue to grow by approxi-
mately 50 to 100 sites per year, potentially
reaching 2,100 sites by the year 2000.
THE NATIONAL CLEANUP
EFFORT IS MUCH MORE THAN
THE NPL
From the beginning of the program, Congress
recognized that the Federal government could
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INTRODUCTION
not and should not address all environmental
problems stemming from past disposal prac-
tices. Therefore, the EPA was directed to set
priorities and establish a list of sites to target.
Sites on the NPL (1,245) thus are a relatively
small subset of a larger inventory of potential
hazardous waste sites, but they do comprise
the most complex and compelling cases. The
EPA has logged more than 35,000 sites on its
national inventory of potentially hazardous
waste sites and assesses each site within one
year of being logged.
THE EPA IS MAKING PROGRESS
ON SITE CLEANUP
The goal of the Superfund program is to tackle
immediate dangers first and then move through
the progressive steps necessary to eliminate
any long-term risks to public health and the
environment.
Superfund responds immediately to sites
posing imminent threats to human health and
the environment at both NPL sites and sites not
on the NPL. The purpose is to stabilize,
prevent, or temper the effects of a release of
hazardous substances, or the threat of one, into
the environment. These might include tire
fires or transportation accidents involving the
spill of hazardous chemicals. Because they
reduce the threat a site poses to human health
and the environment, immediate cleanup
actions are an integral part of the Superfund
program.
Immediate response to imminent threats is one
of Superfund's most noted achievements.
Where imminent threats to the public or
environment were evident, the EPA has initi-
ated or completed emergency actions that
attacked the most serious threats of toxic
exposure in more than 2,700 cases.
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on
the NPL is a permanent solution to an environ-
mental problem that presents a serious threat
to the public or the environment. This often
requires a long-term effort. The EPA has
aggressively accelerated its efforts to perform
these long-term cleanups of NPL sites. More
cleanups were started in 1987, when the
Superfund law was amended, than in any
previous year. By 1991, construction had
started at more than four times as many sites as
in 1986! Of the sites currently on the NPL,
more than 500 — nearly half — have had
construction cleanup activity. In addition,
more than 400 more sites presently are in the
investigation stage to determine the extent of
site contamination and to identify appropriate
cleanup remedies. Many other sites with
cleanup remedies selected are poised for the
start of cleanup construction activity. In
measuring success by "progress through the
cleanup pipeline," the EPA clearly is gaining
momentum.
THE EPA MAKES SURE
CLEANUP WORKS
The EPA has gained enough experience in
cleanup construction to understand that envi-
ronmental protection does not end when the
remedy is in place. Many complex technolo-
gies — like those designed to clean up ground-
water — must operate for many years in order
to accomplish their objectives.
The EPA's hazardous waste site managers are
committed to proper operation and mainte-
nance of every remedy constructed. No matter
who has been delegated responsibility for
monitoring the cleanup work, the EPA will
assure that the remedy is carefully followed
and that it continues to do its job.
Likewise, the EPA does not abandon a site
even after the cleanup work is done. Every
five years, the Agency reviews each site where
residues from hazardous waste cleanup still
remain to ensure that public and environmental
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INTRODUCTION
health are being safeguarded. The EPA will
correct any deficiencies discovered and will
report to the public annually on all five-year
reviews conducted that year.
CITIZENS HELP SHAPE
DECISIONS
Superfund activities also depend upon local
citizen participation. The EPA's job is to
analyze the hazards and to deploy the experts,
but the Agency needs citizen input as it makes
choices for affected communities.
Because the people in a community where a
Superfund site is located will be those most
directly affected by hazardous waste problems
and cleanup processes, the EPA encourages
citizens to get involved in cleanup decisions.
Public involvement and comment does influ-
ence EPA cleanup plans by providing valuable
information about site conditions, community
concerns, and preferences.
The State and U.S. Territories volumes and the
companion National overview volume provide
general Superfund background information
and descriptions of activities at each NPL site.
These volumes clearly describe what the
problems are, what the EPA and others partici-
pating in site cleanups are doing, and how we,
as a Nation, can move ahead in solving these
serious problems.
USING THE STATE AND
NATIONAL VOLUMES TOGETHER
To understand the big picture on hazardous
waste cleanup, citizens need to hear about both
environmental progress across the country and
the cleanup accomplishments closer to home.
Citizens also should understand the challenges
involved in hazardous waste cleanup and the
decisions we must make, as a Nation, in
finding the best solutions.
The National overview, Superfund: Focusing
on the Nation at Large (1991), contains impor-
tant information to help you understand the
magnitude and challenges facing the
Superfund program, as well as an overview of
the National cleanup effort. The sections
describe the nature of the hazardous waste
problem nationwide, threats and contaminants
at NPL sites and their potential effects on
human health and the environment, vital roles
of the various participants in the cleanup
process, the Superfund program's successes in
cleaning up the Nation's serious hazardous
waste sites, and the current status of the NPL.
If you did not receive this overview volume,
ordering information is provided in the front of
this book.
This volume compiles site summary fact sheets
on each State or Territorial site being cleaned
up under the Superfund program. These sites
represent the most serious hazardous waste
problems in the Nation and require the most
complicated and costly site solutions yet
encountered. Each book gives a "snapshot" of
the conditions and cleanup progress that has
been made at each NPL site. Information
presented for each site is current as of April
1991. Conditions change as our cleanup
efforts continue, so these site summaries will
be updated annually to include information on
new progress being made.
To help you understand the cleanup accom-
plishments made at these sites, this volume
includes a description of the process for site
discovery, threat evaluation, and long-term
cleanup of Superfund sites. This description,
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up
Sites?, will serve as a reference point from
which to review the cleanup status at specific
sites. A glossary defining key terms as they
apply to hazardous waste management and site
cleanup is included as Appendix A in the back
of this book.
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SUPERFUND
The diverse problems posed by hazard-
ous waste sites have provided the EPA
with the challenge to establish a consis-
tent approach for evaluating and cleaning up
the Nation's most serious sites. To do this, the
EPA has had to step beyond its traditional role
as a regulatory agency to develop processes
and guidelines for each step in these techni-
cally complex site cleanups. The EPA has
established procedures to coordinate the
efforts of its Washington, D.C. Headquarters
program offices and its front-line staff in ten
Regional Offices, with the State and local
governments, contractors, and private parties
who are participating in site cleanup. An
important pan of the process is that any time
How Does the
Program Work
to Clean Up
Sites?
THREE-STEP SUPERFUND PROCESS
STEP1
Discover site and
determine whether
an emergency
exists *
STEP 2
Evaluate whether a
site is a serious threat
to public health or
environment
STEP 3
Perform long-term
cleanup actions on
the most serious
hazardous waste
sites in the Nation
* Emergency actions are performed whenever needed in this three-step process.
during cleanup, work can be led by the EPA
or the State or, under their monitoring, by
private parties who are potentially responsible
for site contamination.
The process for discovery of the site, evalu-
ation of threat, and the long-term cleanup of
Superfund sites is summarized in the follow-
ing pages. The phases of each of these steps
are highlighted within the description. The
flow diagram above provides a summary of the
three-step process.
Although this book provides a current "snap-
shot" of site progress made only by emergency
actions and long-term cleanup actions at
Superfund sites, it is important to understand
the discovery and evaluation process that leads
to identifying and cleaning up these most
serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous
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SUPERFUND
waste sites in the Nation. The discovery and
evaluation process is the starting point for this
summary description of Superfund involve-
ment at hazardous waste sites.
STEP 1: SITE DISCOVERY AND
EMERGENCY EVALUATION
How does the EPA learn about
potential hazardous waste sites?
Site discovery occurs in a number of ways.
Information comes from concerned citizens.
People may notice an odd taste or foul odor in
their drinking water or see half-buried leaking
barrels; a hunter may come across a field
where waste was dumped illegally. There may
be an explosion or fire, which alerts the State
or local authorities to a problem. Routine
investigations by State and local governments
and required reporting and inspection of
facilities that generate, treat, store, or dispose
of hazardous waste also help keep the EPA
informed about actual or potential threats of
hazardous substance releases. All reported
sites or spills are recorded in the Superfund
inventory (CERCLIS) for further investigation
to determine whether they will require cleanup.
What happens if there is an imminent
danger?
As soon as a potential hazardous waste site is
reported, the EPA determines whether there is
an emergency requiring an immediate cleanup
action. If there is, they act as quickly as
possible to remove or stabilize the imminent
threat. These short-term emergency actions
range from building a fence around the con-
taminated area to keep people away, or tempo-
rarily relocating residents until the danger is
addressed, to providing bottled water to resi-
dents while their local drinking water supply is
being cleaned up or physically removing
wastes for safe disposal.
However, emergency actions can happen at
any time an imminent threat or emergency
warrants them. For example, if leaking barrels
are found when cleanup crews start digging in
the ground or if samples of contaminated soils
or air show that there may be a threat of fire or
explosion, an immediate action is taken.
STEP 2: SITE THREAT EVALUATION
If there isn't an Imminent danger, how
does the EPA determine what, if any,
cleanup actions should be taken?
Even after any imminent dangers are taken
care of, in most cases, contamination may
remain at the site. For example, residents may
have been supplied with bottled water to take
care of their immediate problem of contami-
nated well water, but now it's time to deter-
mine what is contaminating the drinking water
supply and the best way to clean it up. The
EPA may determine that there is no imminent
danger from a site, so any long-term threats
need to be evaluated. In either case, a more
comprehensive investigation is needed to
determine if a site poses a serious, but not
imminent, danger and whether it requires a
long-term cleanup action.
Once a site is discovered and any needed
emergency actions are taken, the EPA or the
State collects all available background infor-
mation not only from their own files, but also
from local records and U.S. Geological Survey
maps. This information is used to identify the
site and to perform a preliminary assessment of
its potential hazards. This is a quick review of
readily available information to answer the
questions:
• Are hazardous substances likely to be
present?
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SUPERFUND
• How are they contained?
• How might contaminants spread?
• How close is the nearest well, home, or
natural resource area such as a wetland
or animal sanctuary?
• What may be harmed — the land,
water, air, people, plants, or animals?
Some sites do not require further action be-
cause the preliminary assessment shows that
they do not threaten public health or the envi-
ronment. But even in these cases, the sites
remain listed in the Superfund inventory for
record-keeping purposes and future reference.
Currently, there are more than 35,000 sites
maintained in this inventory.
If the preliminary assessment
shows a serious threat may exist,
what's the next step?
Inspectors go to the site to collect additional
information to evaluate its hazard potential.
During this site inspection, they look for
evidence of hazardous waste, such as leaking
drums and dead or discolored vegetation.
They may take some samples of soil, well
water, river water, and air. Inspectors analyze
the ways hazardous materials could be pollut-
ing the environment, such as runoff into
nearby streams. They also check to see if
people (especially children) have access to
the site.
How does the EPA use the results of
the site inspection?
Information collected during the site inspection
is used to identify the sites posing the most
serious threats to human health and the envi-
ronment. This way, the EPA can meet the
requirement that Congress gave them to use
Superfund monies only on the worst hazardous
waste sites in the Nation.
To identify the most serious sites, the EPA
developed the Hazard Ranking System (HRS).
The HRS is the scoring system the EPA uses to
assess the relative threat from a release or a
potential release of hazardous substances from
a site to surrounding groundwater, surface
water, air, and soil. A site score is based on
the likelihood that a hazardous substance will
be released from the site, the toxicity and
amount of hazardous substances at the site, and
the people and sensitive environments poten-
tially affected by contamination at the site.
Only sites with high enough health and envi-
ronmental risk scores are proposed to be added
to the NPL. That's why 1,245 sites are on the
NPL, but there are more than 35,000 sites in
the Superfund inventory. Only NPL sites can
have a long-term cleanup paid for from
Superfund, the national hazardous waste trust
fund. Superfund can, and does, pay for emer-
gency actions performed at any site, whether
or not it's on the NPL.
Why are sites proposed to the NPL?
Sites proposed to the NPL have been evaluated
through the scoring process as the most serious
problems among uncontrolled or abandoned
hazardous waste sites in the U.S. In addition, a
site will be proposed to the NPL if the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
issues a health advisory recommending that
people be moved away from the site. The NPL
is updated at least once a year, and it's only
after public comments are considered that
these proposed worst sites officially are added
to the list.
Listing on the NPL does not set the order in
which sites will be cleaned up. The order is
influenced by the relative priority of the site's
health and environmental threats compared to
other sites, and such factors as State priorities,
engineering capabilities, and available tech-
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SUPERFUND.
nologies. Many States also have their own list
of sites that require cleanup; these often contain
sites that are not on the NPL and are scheduled
to be cleaned up with State money. And, it
should be noted again that any emergency
action needed at a site can be performed by the
Superfund, whether or not a site is on the NPL.
A detailed description of the current progress in
cleaning up NPL sites is found in the section of
the 1991 National overview volume entitled
Cleanup Successes: Measuring Progress.
How do people find out whether the
EPA considers a site a national
priority for cleanup under the
Superfund Program?
All NPL sites, where Superfund is responsible
for cleanup, are described in the State and
Territorial volumes. The public also can find
out whether other sites, not on the NPL, are
being addressed by the Superfund program by
calling their Regional EPA office or the Super-
fund Hotline at the numbers listed in this book.
STEP 3: LONG-TERM CLEANUP
ACTIONS
After a site is added to the NPL, what
are the steps to cleanup?
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on
the NPL is a permanent, long-term cleanup.
Since every site presents a unique set of chal-
lenges, there is no single all-purpose solution.
A five-phase "remedial response" process is
used to develop consistent and workable
solutions to hazardous waste problems across
the Nation:
1. Remedial Investigation: investigate in
detail the extent of the site contamination
2. Feasibility Study: study the range of
possible cleanup remedies
3. Record of Decision or ROD: decide
which remedy to use
4. Remedial Design: plan the remedy
5. Remedial Action: carry out the remedy
This remedial response process is a long-term
effort to provide a permanent solution to an
environmental problem that presents a serious
threat to the public or environment.
The first two phases of a long-term cleanup are
a combined remedial investigation and feasibil-
ity study (RI/FS) that determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site and identify
and evaluate cleanup alternatives. These
studies may be conducted by the EPA or the
State or, under their monitoring, by private
parties.
Like the initial site inspection described earlier,
a remedial investigation involves an examina-
tion of site data in order to better define the
problem. However, the remedial investigation
is much more detailed and comprehensive than
the initial site inspection.
A remedial investigation can best be described
as a carefully designed field study. It includes
extensive sampling and laboratory analyses to
generate more precise data on the types and
quantities of wastes present at the site, the type
of soil and water drainage patterns, and specific
human health and environmental risks.
The result of the remedial investigation is
information that allows the EPA to select the
cleanup strategy that is best suited to a particu-
lar site or to determine that no cleanup is
needed.
Placing a site on the NPL does not necessarily
mean that cleanup is needed. It is possible for
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SUPERFUND
a site to receive an HRS score high enough to
be added to the NPL, but not ultimately require
cleanup actions. Keep in mind that the purpose
of the scoring process is to provide a prelimi-
nary and conservative assessment of potential
risk. During subsequent site investigations, the
EPA may find either that there is no real threat
or that the site does not pose significant human
health or environmental risks.
How are cleanup alternatives
identified and evaluated?
The EPA or the State or, under their monitor-
ing, private parties identify and analyze spe-
cific site cleanup needs based on the extensive
information collected during the remedial
investigation. This analysis of cleanup alterna-
tives is called & feasibility study.
Since cleanup actions must be tailored exactly
to the needs of each individual site, more than
one possible cleanup alternative is always
considered. After making sure that all potential
cleanup remedies fully protect human health
and the environment and comply with Federal
and State laws, the advantages and disadvan-
tages of each cleanup alternative are compared
carefully. These comparisons are made to
determine their effectiveness in the short and
long term, their use of permanent treatment
solutions, and their technical feasibility and
cost.
To the maximum extent practicable, the rem-
edy must be a permanent solution and must use
treatment technologies to destroy principal site
contaminants. Remedies such as containing the
waste on site or removing the source of the
problem (like leaking barrels) often are consid-
ered effective. Often, special pilot studies are
conducted to determine the effectiveness and
feasibility of using a particular technology to
clean up a site. Therefore, the combined
remedial investigation and feasibility study can
take between 10 and 30 months to complete,
depending on the size and complexity of the
problem.
Does the public have a say in the
final cleanup decision?
Yes. The Superfund law requires that the
public be given the opportunity to comment on
the proposed cleanup plan. Their concerns are
considered carefully before a final decision is
made.
The results of the remedial investigation and
feasibility study, which also point out the
recommended cleanup choice, are published in
a report for public review and comment. The
EPA or the State encourages the public to
review the information and take an active role
in the final cleanup decision. Fact sheets and
announcements in local papers let the commu-
nity know where they can get copies of the
study and other reference documents concern-
ing the site. Local information repositories,
such as libraries or other public buildings, are
established in cities and towns near each NPL
site to ensure that the public has an opportunity
to review all relevant information and the
proposed cleanup plans. Locations of informa-
tion repositories for each NPL site described in
this volume are given in Appendix B.
The public has a minimum of 30 days to
comment on the proposed cleanup plan after it
is published. These comments can be written
or given verbally at public meetings that the
EPA or the State are required to hold. Neither
the EPA nor the State can select the final
cleanup remedy without evaluating and provid-
ing written answers to specific community
comments and concerns. This "responsiveness
summary" is part of the EPA's write-up of the
final remedy decision, called the Record of
Decision, or ROD.
The ROD is a public document that explains
the cleanup remedy chosen and the reason it
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SUPERFUND.
was selected. Since sites frequently are large
and must be cleaned up in stages, a ROD may
be necessary for each contaminated resource or
area of the site. This may be necessary when
contaminants have spread into the soil, water,
and air and affect such sensitive areas as
wetlands, or when the site is large and cleaned
up in stages. This often means that a number
of remedies, using different cleanup technolo-
gies, are needed to clean up a single site.
If every cleanup action needs to be
tailored to a site, does the design
ofthe remedy need to be tailored,
too?
Yes. Before a specific cleanup action is carried
out, it must be designed in detail to meet
specific site needs. This stage of the cleanup is
called the remedial design. The design phase
provides the details on how the selected rem-
edy will be engineered and constructed.
Projects to clean up a hazardous waste site may
appear to be like any other major construction
project but, in fact, the likely presence of
combinations of dangerous chemicals demands
special construction planning and procedures.
Therefore, the design of the remedy can take
anywhere from six months to two years to
complete. This blueprint for site cleanup
includes not only the details on every aspect of
the construction work, but a description of the
types of hazardous wastes expected at the site,
special plans for environmental protection,
worker safety, regulatory compliance, and
equipment decontamination.
Once the design is completed,
how long does it take to actually
clean up the site, and how much
does it cost?
The time and cost for performing the site
cleanup, called the remedial action, are as
varied as the remedies themselves. In a few
cases, the only action needed may be to remove
drums of hazardous waste and to decontami-
nate them, an action that takes limited time and
money. In most cases, however, a remedial
action may involve different and expensive
cleanup measures that can take a long time.
For example, cleaning polluted groundwater or
dredging contaminated river bottoms can take
several years of complex engineering work
before contamination is reduced to safe levels.
Sometimes the selected cleanup remedy de-
scribed in the ROD may need to be modified
because of new contaminant information
discovered or difficulties that were faced
during the early cleanup activities. Taking into
account these differences, each remedial
cleanup action takes an average of 18 months
to complete and ultimately costs an average of
$26 million to complete all necessary cleanup
actions at a site .
Once the cleanup action is
completed, is the site
automatically "deleted" from the
NPL?
No. The deletion of a site from the NPL is
anything but automatic. For example, cleanup
of contaminated groundwater may take up to
20 years or longer. Also, in some cases, long-
term monitoring of the remedy is required to
ensure that it is effective. After construction of
certain remedies, operation and maintenance
(e.g., maintenance of ground cover, groundwa-
ter monitoring, etc.), or continued pumping and
treating of groundwater may be required to
ensure that the remedy continues to prevent
future health hazards or environmental damage
and ultimately meets the cleanup goals speci-
fied in the ROD. Sites in this final monitoring
or operational stage of the cleanup process are
designated as "construction complete."
It's not until a site cleanup meets all the goals
and monitoring requirements of the selected
10
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SUPERFUND
remedy that the EPA can officially propose the
site for deletion from the NPL, and it's not
until public comments are taken into consid-
eration that a site actually can be deleted from
the NPL. All sites deleted from the NPL and
sites with completed construction are included
in the progress report found later in this book.
Can a site be taken off the NPL if
no cleanup has taken place?
Yes. But only if further site investigation
reveals that there are no threats present at the
site and that cleanup activities are not neces-
sary. In these cases, the EPA will select a "no
action" remedy and may move to delete the
site when monitoring confirms that the site
does not pose a threat to human health or the
environment.
In other cases, sites may be "removed" from
the NPL if new information concerning site
cleanup or threats show that the site does not
warrant Superfund activities.
A site may be removed if a revised HRS
scoring, based on updated information, results
in a score below the minimum for NPL sites.
A site also may be removed from the NPL by
transferring it to other appropriate Federal
cleanup authorities, such as RCRA, for further
cleanup actions.
Removing sites for technical reasons or trans-
ferring sites to other cleanup programs pre-
serves Superfund monies for the Nation's most
pressing hazardous waste problems where no
other cleanup authority is applicable.
Can the EPA make parties
responsible for the contamination
pay?
Yes. Based on the belief that "the polluters
should pay," after a site is placed on the NPL,
the EPA makes a thorough effort to identify
and find those responsible for causing con-
tamination problems at a site. Although the
EPA is willing to negotiate with these private
parties and encourages voluntary cleanup, it
has the authority under the Superfund law to
legally force those potentially responsible for
site hazards to take specific cleanup actions.
All work performed by these parties is closely
guided and monitored by the EPA and must
meet the same standards required for actions
financed through the Superfund.
Because these enforcement actions can be
lengthy, the EPA may decide to use Superfund
monies to make sure a site is cleaned up
without unnecessary delay. For example, if a
site presents an imminent threat to public
health and the environment or if conditions at a
site may worsen, it could be necessary to start
the cleanup right away. Those responsible for
causing site contamination are liable under the
law (CERCLA) for repaying the money the
EPA spends in cleaning up the site.
Whenever possible, the EPA and the Depart-
ment of Justice use their legal enforcement
authorities to require responsible parties to pay
for site cleanups, thereby preserving Superfund
resources for emergency actions and for sites
where no responsible parties can be identified.
11
-------
THE VOLUME
The site fact sheets presented in this
book are comprehensive summaries
that cover a broad range of information.
The fact sheets describe hazardous
waste sites on the NPL and their locations, as
well as the conditions leading to their listing
("Site Description"). The summaries list the
types of contaminants that have been discov-
ered and related threats to public and ecologi-
cal health ("Threats and Contaminants").
"Cleanup Approach" presents an overview of
the cleanup activities completed, underway, or
planned. The fact sheets conclude with a brief
synopsis of how much progress has been made
in protecting public health and the environ-
ment. The summaries also pinpoint other
actions, such as legal efforts to involve pollut-
ers responsible for site contamination and
community concerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
HOW CAN YOU USE THIS STATE
BOOK?
You can use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you, particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
How to Use
the State
Book
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to
know what the community can realistically
expect once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
13
-------
THE VOLUME
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Dates when the site was
Proposed, made Final, and
Deleted from the NPL.
SITE NAME
STATE
EPA ID* ABCOOOOOOO
""•"StteJJescrlptlon
EPA REGION XX
CONGRESSIONAL DIST XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Other Nam*:
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially respon-
sible parties that are taking
responsibility for cleanup
actions at the site.
Site Responsibility: •
NPL Listing History
Ftaat
Threats and Contaminants
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Site Facts:,
Environmental Progress
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
A summary of the actions to reduce the threats to
nearby residents and the surrounding environment;
progress towards cleaning up the site and goals of
the cleanup plan are given here.
14
-------
THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
15
-------
THE VOLUME
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats and
Contaminants Section
Contaminated Ground-water resources
in the Contaminated Groundwater in
the vicinity or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used as a
drinking water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site. (These
include lakes, ponds, streams, and
rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas emis-
sions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on or
near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on the
site.)
Threatened or contaminated Environ-
mentally Sensitive Areas in the vicin-
ity of the site. (Examples include
wetlands and coastal areas or critical
habitats.)
Icons in the Response Action
Status Section
Initial Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine the
nature and extent of contamination are
planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part of
the site.
Remedy Design means that engineers
are preparing specifications and
drawings for the selected cleanup
technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved for
the contaminated site or part of the
site.
Environmental Progress summa-
rizes the activities taken to date to
protect human health and to clean
up site contamination.
16
-------
NPL SITES
The State of
New Jersey
The Middle Atlantic state of New Jersey is located within EPA Region 2, which includes New
York, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The state covers 7,787 square miles and consists of
the Appalachian Valley in the northwest, the Appalachian Highlands stretching from the north-
east to the southwest, the Piedmont Plateau made of low plains and high ridges, and the coastal
plains throughout the southeastern half of the state. New Jersey experienced a 5% increase in
population between 1980 and 1990, according to the 1990 Census, and currently has approxi-
mately 7,730,000 residents, ranking 9th in U.S. populations. Principal state industries include
services, trade, and the manufacture of chemicals, electronic and electrical equipment, non-
electrical machinery, and fabricated metals.
How Many NPL Sites
Are in the State of New Jersey?
Where Are the NPL Sites Located?
Proposed
Final
Deleted
0
109
_2
112
Congressional District 15
Congressional District 10, 14
Congressional District 3,7
Congressional District 6, 8
Congressional District 1, 5, 9
Congressional District 1 1
Congressional District 12
Congressional District 4
Congressional District 2
Congressional District 13
1 site
2 sites
4 sites
5 sites
6 sites
9 sites
1 1 sites
14 sites
17 sites
20 sites
What Type of Sites are on the NPL
in the State of New Jersey?
# of sites
27
22
15
5
5
5
5
5
23
type of sites
Municipal & Industrial Landfills
Chemical & Allied Products
Dumps
Federal Facilities
Storage/Treatment Facilities
Thorium/Radium Processing Facilities
Rubbers & Plastics
Metals & Allied Products
Other (Septic Tank, Recyclers, Dry Cleaners,
Residential Plumbing, Salvage Yard, etc.)
17
April 1991
-------
NPL SITES
How are Sites Contaminated and What Are the Principal* Chemicals?
100-•
80--
$ 60-
*
J-
20--
1
GW Soil SW Sed Air
Contamination Area
Groundwater: Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), heavy metals
(inorganics), and pesticides.
Soil, Solid and Liquid Waste:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
heavy metals (inorganics), polychlori-
nated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and
creosotes (organics).
Surface Water and Sediments:
Heavy metals (inorganics), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), polychlo-
rinated biphenyls (PCBs), and creo-
sotes (organics), and pesticides.
Air: Volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), radiation, and gases.
* Appear at 10% or more sites
Where are the Sites in the Superfund Cleanup Process?1
43
Sites
with 1
Studies
Underway
12
Shes
with
Remedy
Selected
19
Sites
with
Remedy
Design
34
Sites
with
Cleanup
Ongoing
Sites
with
Construction
Complete
4
Deleted
Sites
In addition to activities described above, initial actions have been taken at 15 sites as interim
cleanup measures.
'Cleanup status reflects phase of site activities rather than administrative accomplishments.
April 1991
18
-------
THE NPL REPORT
The following Progress Report lists all
sites currently on, or deleted from, the
NPL and briefly summarizes the status
of activities for each site at the time this
report was prepared. The steps in the Super-
fund cleanup process are arrayed across the
top of the chart, and each site's progress
through these steps is represented by an arrow
indicating the current stage of cleanup.
Progress
To Date
Large and complex sites often are organized
into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to
address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and
surface water pollution, or to clean up differ-
ent areas of a large site. In such cases, the
chart portrays cleanup progress at the site's
most advanced stage, reflecting the status of
site activities rather than administrative
accomplishments.
• An arrow in the "Initial Response" cate-
gory indicates that an emergency cleanup or
initial action has been completed or currently
is underway. Emergency or initial actions are
taken as an interim measure to provide im-
mediate relief from exposure to hazardous site
conditions or to stabilize a site to prevent
further contamination.
• A final arrow in the "Site Studies"
category indicates that an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site currently is ongoing.
• A final arrow in the "Remedy Selection"
category means that the EPA has selected the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining
contamination will be naturally dispersed
without further cleanup activities, a "No
Action" remedy is selected. In these cases, the
arrows are discontinued at the "Remedy
Selection" step and resume in the
"Construction Complete" category.
• A final arrow at the "Remedial Design"
stage indicates that engineers currently are
designing the technical specifications for the
selected cleanup remedies and technologies.
• A final arrow in the "Cleanup Ongoing"
column means that final cleanup actions have
been started at the site and currently are
underway.
• A final arrow in the "Construction
Complete" category is used only when all
phases of the site cleanup plan have been
performed, and the EPA has determined that no
additional construction actions are required at
the site. Some sites in this category currently
may be undergoing long-term operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure that the
cleanup actions continue to protect human
health and the environment.
• A check in the "Deleted" category indicates
that the site cleanup has met all human health
and environmental goals and that the EPA has
deleted the site from the NPL.
Further information on the activities and
progress at each site is given in the site "Fact
Sheets" published in this volume.
19
April 1991
-------
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-------
THE NPL FACT SHEETS
Summary
of Site
Activities
EPA REGION 2
25
April! 991
-------
Who Do I Call with Questions?
The following pages describe each NPL site in New Jersey, providing spe-
cific information on threats and contaminants, cleanup activities, and environ-
mental progress. Should you have questions, please call the EPA's Region 2
Office in New York, NY or one of the other offices listed below:
EPA Region 2 Superfund Community Relations Office (212) 264-7054
EPA Region 2 Superfund Office (212) 264-2858
EPA Superfund Hotline (800) 424-9346
EPA Headquarters Public Information Center (202) 260-2080
New Jersey Superfund Office (609) 984-2902
April 1991 26
-------
An POI VMPR / N^ASJ EPA REGION 2
.U. KULYMbK/ ' /7 CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID* NJD030253355
Site Description
The 4-acre A.O. Polymer manufacturing plant, active since the early 1960s, produces resins,
plastics, paper coatings, and specialty polymers. In the late 1970s, the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection confirmed the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water in
the area of the chemical plant, which allegedly resulted from substandard operational and waste
disposal practices. Operators left hundreds of leaking and deteriorated drums on the site, and many
had been buried unsealed or crushed. The site has been the focus of concern from local residents
and regulatory authorities since the early 1970s. Citizens noticed odors in well water and the air in
1973, and reports intensified over the next few years. In 1978, the Sparta Health Department and
the State found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in three domestic water wells. The State cited
the facility twice for improperly discharging plant wastewater and three times for air quality
violations. The site is located near the Wallkill River, 1/4 mile from the commercial area of Sparta.
Plumes of contaminated groundwater are moving toward both the Wallkill River and associated
wetlands. Approximately 750 people live in the area. The site threatens the Allentown formation;
groundwater that supplies drinking water to 700 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal and State actions.
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs and freon from previous plant
activities. The soil contains VOCs, phenols, and ketones from old waste burial lagoons
and railroad fueling. Surface water and sediments are contaminated with various heavy
metals. The plant's cooling lagoon contained xylenes. Possible health threats include
drinking contaminated groundwater, drinking or swimming in polluted surface water,
direct contact with or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil, or inhaling pollutants.
27 April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1980 and 1981, the State undertook an extensive cleanup,
removing 950 drums of hazardous wastes, 1,700 cubic yards of contaminated soils, and
120 cubic yards of crushed drums and debris. All liquids, solids, and buried materials were
removed. In 1982, the State Division of Water Resources installed 11 monitoring wells. In 1984,
the investigation was turned over to the State's Hazardous Site Mitigation division and, in 1986, an
intensive site study began.
Entire Site: A State-led investigation of contamination at and around the site explored
the nature and extent of soil and groundwater contamination. It was completed in spring
1991. The EPA is expected to select the strategies for final cleanup by mid-1991.
Environmental Progress
The removal of wastes, contaminated soils, drums, and debris has reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous substances at the A.O. Polymer site while cleanup activities are being
planned.
April 1991 28 A.O. POLYMER
-------
AMERICAN CYA Dlr m
DIST. 07
COMPANY * S/ Somerset County
Bound Brook
NEW JERSEY J y\ \ / other N.m.
EPA ID# NJD002173276 V X \>, 1 J Bound Brook Plant
Site Description
The 575-acre American Cyanamid Company site was acquired in the early 1930s and has produced a
variety of pharmaceutical chemicals, dyes, rubber chemicals, elastics, textile chemicals, and
pigments. Currently, the major production is pharmaceutical chemicals. The site is located adjacent
to the Raritan River and lies above the Brunswick Aquifer, New Jersey's second largest source of
drinking water. On the site are 27 lagoons and impoundments, both active and inactive, which have
been used for the disposal of various chemical sludges and other wastes, as well as for the treatment
of wastewaters generated at the site. Investigations conducted by the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and American Cyanamid have documented groundwater
contamination. The site is fenced and restricted. Approximately 14,000 people live within a 3-mile
radius of the site. The closest home is 2,000 feet away, and 30 private wells lie close to the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater underlying the area is contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from site production activities. Sludges and soils sampled in on-
site impoundments contain heavy metals, cyanide, and VOCs. Drinking or
accidentally coming in contact with contaminated groundwater could pose a threat to
human health. Trespassers also may be exposed to contaminants in site sludges.
29 April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four long-term remedial phases focusing on groundwater monitoring,
cleanup of the lagoons, cleanup of the soils, and cleanup of the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Groundwater Monitoring: American Cyanamid installed about 150 monitoring wells
to check on groundwater movement and to monitor contaminant levels. The company
submits a quarterly report to the State on the quality of water pumped from the supply and
monitoring wells. Analysis includes a priority pollutant scan. The ongoing groundwater pumping
control system appears to have been effective in preventing contaminated seepage from moving off
site through the groundwater.
Lagoons: Under State monitoring, American Cyanamid is conducting an intensive study
of the lagoons and sludges. The company is currently screening various technologies for
site cleanup. The technologies being considered include incineration, other thermal
treatments, bioremediation using microorganisms, solidification, and in-place containment. The
EPA is scheduled to select a remedy on the basis of all information in late 1991.
Soils: Under State monitoring, American Cyanamid began a study of contaminated soils
in 1990. Once this study is completed, the EPA will evaluate the findings and select a
final cleanup remedy for contaminated soils on the site.
Groundwater: An investigation determining the extent of groundwater contamination
is expected to begin once the sources of the contamination, the lagoons and soils, are
cleaned.
Site Facts: In 1981, American Cyanamid and the NJDEP signed an Administrative Order on
Consent requiring the company to assess the contamination of the underlying groundwater from the
on-site impoundments and to design and enforce a site cleanup plan. In 1988, the NJDEP signed a
second Administrative Order on Consent with American Cyanamid covering cleanup activities at
the entire facility.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater monitoring and pumping activities described above have reduced migration of
contaminants from the site and are protecting groundwater supplies from further contamination.
Ongoing investigations at the American Cyanamid site will develop cleanup strategies for addressing
the lagoon, soil, and groundwater contamination.
April 1991 30 AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY
-------
ASBESTOS DU
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980654149
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Morris County
Millington
Site Description
The Asbestos Dump is a 59-acre site consisting of the 11-acre Millington area and three satellite
properties. Beginning in 1927, a succession of owners ran an asbestos products manufacturing plant
at the Millington area. It contains the largest volume of asbestos wastes; more than 90% of this area
contains such wastes. Erosion and weathering have exposed small areas of asbestos along the river
bank. One satellite site, known as the Dietzman Tract or Great Swamp area, is located in the Great
Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, about 2 miles southeast of the Township of New Vernon. This
site was used as a refuse and asbestos disposal area for 40 years and is bordered by Great Brook and
a woodland habitat The New Vernon Road area, about a mile south of the Great Swamp area,
consists of 30 acres in Meyersville. Broken asbestos tiles and siding, as well as loose fibers, were
landfilled in this former corn and dairy farm during the late 1960s. The White Bridge Road area,
covering 12 acres in Meyersville, is bounded by the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge and
private residences. This property was a farm until 1969, when the current owner started landfilling
asbestos waste from the Millington facility. The wastes are present on the site as subsurface fill or
as part of an asbestos waste mound. Disposal continued from 1970 to 1975. Afterward, the owner
graded and seeded the dumping areas and converted the property into a horse farm. The main site
lies in a residential and commercial area. Approximately 650 people live within a mile of the
Millington site, and the site itself currently employs approximately 200 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
phthalates, phenols, and asbestos. Sediments contain low levels of VOCs, phthalates, and
heavy metals including lead and mercury. Surface water contains phthalates and heavy
metals including cadmium, chromium, and silver. Children playing on the unfenced site
could inhale or accidentally ingest asbestos found in soils and dusts. One of the satellite
sites is in the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge; tourists and wildlife at this refuge
are threatened by site contaminants.
31
April! 991
-------
Cleanup Approach ———
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the Millington area, New Vemon and White Bridge Roads, and the Dietzman
Tract.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination restabilized the Passaic River bank, correcting erosion that took place
during heavy spring rains. In 1990, the EPA fenced and covered contaminated areas,
decontaminated homes, and instituted air monitoring.
Millington Cleanup: The remedies selected by the EPA for cleaning up the Millington
area include: installing a soil cover on areas of exposed asbestos; building a chain-link
security fence around all areas of known or suspected asbestos disposal; protecting and
stabilizing the slope along the base of the asbestos mound embankment; building channels to divert
surface runoff; conducting operations, maintenance, and long-term monitoring; restricting
development of the asbestos fill areas and use of groundwater on site; and continuing studies of
technologies that permanently will destroy or immobilize asbestos. In 1990, the potentially
responsible parties submitted a work plan for the technical designs and specifications for the final
cleanup at the site. The design field work is scheduled to begin in 1991, with cleanup scheduled to
begin in 1992.
New Vernon and White Bridge Roads: The potentially responsible party has nearly
completed a study to determine and identify the nature and extent of contamination at the
New Vernon and White Bridge Roads area of the site. The investigation, along with
recommendations for site cleanup alternatives, is expected to be completed in the summer of 1991.
Dietzman Tract: The potentially responsible party began a study in 1991, under EPA
supervision, to determine the nature and extent of contamination, and to identify cleanup
alternatives. The investigation is expected to be completed by 1992. Upon completion,
the EPA will recommend a cleanup strategy.
Site Facts: The EPA and the potentially responsible parties signed an Administrative Order on
Consent in 1985, under which the parties agreed to perform site studies. In 1989, the parties and the
EPA signed a Unilateral Order for the cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
Fencing the site, decontaminating affected homes, and monitoring air in the site vicinity have
protected nearby residents. The restabilization of the river bank also has reduced the potential for
additional contamination of surface water at the Asbestos Dump site while further studies are being
completed and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 32 ASBESTOS DUMP
-------
WFI I\
VVtL.l-.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980654123
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Ocean County
Between the Garden State Parkway and Route 9
Site Description
The Beachwood/Berkeley Wells site lies in the New Jersey Pinelands region, which consists of
reserved, protected, and preserved lands in Berkeley Township and Beachwood Borough. In 1982,
a citizen's call prompted well analyses that discovered lead in 20% of the Beachwood wells and 4%
of the Berkeley wells sampled. As of 1982, County health officials closed 128 residential wells
served by the Cohansey Aquifer due to excessive levels of lead. This aquifer is the major source of
drinking water for area residents. The source of the contamination is unknown; however, naturally
corrosive water may be leaching lead from residential plumbing. The New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection immediately ordered Beachwood Borough to extend its public water
supply to all homes within the Borough east of the Garden State Parkway and required all homes in
that area to hook up to it. In 1986, the EPA studied Beachwood homes using public water and
Berkeley homes using well water. The overall result of the investigation indicated that residential
plumbing systems are the primary cause for lead contamination, with a minor contribution from the
area's native groundwater. Beachwood Borough is densely populated and is located in an urban
setting. Berkeley Township is more rural and not densely populated. Groundwater distributed
through both public and private wells serves nearly 21,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains elevated levels of lead, copper, and manganese. Drinking water
contaminated with lead is a health threat. The site lies in the New Jersey Pinelands
region, a noted wildlife habitat and groundwater recharge area.
33
April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach —_
This site is being addressed in two stages: an emergency action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Action: In 1982, affected homes within Beachwood Borough were
connected to a public water supply.
Entire Site: The EPA attributed contamination at this site to the local plumbing system
and the natural corrosiveness of the aquifer and recommended no further cleanup action.
The State took over future responsibility for the site. State and local health officials
continue to educate local homeowners in how to minimize the effects of lead in the drinking water.
The site is expected to be deleted from the NPL in the fall of 1991.
Site Facts: In 1982, an Administrative Order required Beachwood Borough to extend its water
supply to all Borough homes east of the Garden State Parkway and required these homes to hook up
to the system.
Environmental Progress
The emergency action described above eliminated the possibility of drinking contaminated
groundwater at the Beachwood/Berkeley Wells site. Since the contamination at the site is due to
natural conditions of the groundwater, the EPA has recommended that no further actions be taken.
The safety of nearby residents is protected through connection to safe public drinking water
supplies. The site is scheduled to be deleted from the NPL in 1991.
April 1991 34 BEACHWOOD/BERKELEY WELLS
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BOG CREEK FAR
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD063157150
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Monmouth County
Howell Township
A 4-acre disposal area lies on the 12-acre Bog Creek Farm and consists of an excavated pond, bog,
and trench. Between 1973 and 1974, organic solvents and paint residues were dumped around a
trench in the eastern part of the property. Waste sampling revealed a wide variety of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Some chemicals moved into the groundwater, which carried
them to the pond and bog, as well as to the north branch of Squankum Brook. Contaminant levels in
the north branch of Squankum Brook decrease markedly with distance from the site and do not
appear to have an appreciable effect on the Manasquan River. The site lies in a rural, agricultural,
and recreational area. Farms raising horses, nursery stock, vegetables, grain, sod, and flowers are
situated nearby. The Allaire State Park is 1/2 mile east of the site and is used by golfers, fishermen,
hunters, and equestrians. There are two homes on the site and several more about 500 feet to the
northwest, on Squankum Park Road. Approximately 900 people live within 1 mile of the site.
Farmingdale, 3 miles north of the site, has approximately 1,400 residents. Groundwater is the sole
drinking water source for residents near the site and also is used for irrigation. Nearby surface
waters are used for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and surface water contain various VOCs. Sediments are
contaminated with VOCs, phthalates, and pesticides. The soil is contaminated with
pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals. Sludges on site contain
VOCs and heavy metals. People are at risk through the ingestion of and direct contact
with contaminated groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediments.
35
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on source control at the site and groundwater and sediment cleanup.
Response Action Status
~L^ Initial Actions: In 1984, the site owner pumped wastes from the disposal pits, hauled the
<2* wastes to an EPA-approved landfill, and backfilled the pits. Since 1984, the EPA has
®^® installed test pits, trenches, and monitoring wells on site as part of the investigation to
determine the nature and extent of contamination. In mid-1990, an area resident with a pre-existing
health condition was temporarily relocated while excavation and on-site incineration were
conducted.
Source Control: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy for controlling the source of the
contamination including: (1) removing wastewater and sediments from the pond and bog;
(2) regrading and covering the pond and bog; (3) treating the wastewater in an on-site
plant and discharging cleaned water to the nearby stream; (4) excavating the contaminated waste
deposits and soil; (5) incinerating excavated materials at a temporary facility on site or at an EPA-
approved facility off site; (6) conducting further analysis of soil left behind to see if further cleanup
is necessary; (7) evaluating innovative technology to treat remaining soil, if necessary; (8) covering
the excavated area with a compacted soil cap to keep rainwater out; (9) building a security fence
around the site and work areas; and (10) starting a monitoring program to assess the effectiveness
and reliability of the cleanup strategy. The EPA completed the engineering design for this remedy in
1988. Incineration activities and most source control actions were completed in late 1990. The
work was managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Groundwater and Sediment Cleanup: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy for
cleaning up groundwater and brook sediments on and around the site including: (1)
extracting, treating, and reinjecting groundwater via the on-site water treatment plant to
restore the Upper Kirkwood Aquifer to identified cleanup goals; (2) installing a slurry wall to slow
the spread of contamination; (3) excavating and incinerating contaminated sediments from the north
branch of Squankum Brook; (4) disposing of the incineration residues on site; and (5) restoring the
stream bed with clean sand and soil similar to that existing now. The cleanup is planned to begin in
summer of 1991. To speed the cleanup process, all sediments were excavated and incinerated under
the source control phase, and the existing wastewater treatment plant will be used in this phase, too.
Environmental Progress
Pumping water and removing the wastes from the pits have greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Bog Creek Farm site while further cleanup activities are
taking place.
April 1991 36 BOG CREEK FARM
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BRICK TOWNSHIP
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505176
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Ocean County
Brick Township
Other Names:
French's Landfill
McCormkk's Dump
The 42-acre Brick Township Landfill operated for more than 30 years, accepting sewage, septage,
solids, bulk liquids, and other wastes. Also, over 1,800 drums of chemical wastes reportedly were
disposed of at the landfill in 1971. The landfill was privately owned until 1973, when it was
acquired and operated by Brick Township until it was closed in 1979. Although the site partially is
fenced, trespassers frequently enter. Contaminants appear to be migrating from the landfill with the
groundwater in a southeasterly direction. Approximately 3,000 people live within a 1-mile radius
of the site. Residential areas are nearby, and new development has started. Groundwater is the
source of public and private drinking supplies for the 58,000 people living within a 3-mile radius of
the site. Sampling in 1987 indicated no contamination in the private or municipal wells.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Sampling in 1987 showed elevated levels of cadmium and a low-level presence of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in some monitoring wells in and around the site.
Sediments and leachate are contaminated with various heavy metals. VOCs are found in
soil from a test pit, and pesticides are found in the septage pits. Although some area
residences rely on private wells for drinking water, most are connected to a municipal
water well. However, many private wells not used for drinking water are being used for
industrial purposes and for lawn and garden maintenance. Thus, there is a threat from
ingestion or contact with contaminated groundwater.
37
April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1982, Brick Township, under State monitoring, conducted a
surface cleanup at the site, including the removal of about 150 aboveground drums and
filling and venting of three septage pits.
Entire Site: Presently, the Brick Township Landfill Action Committee is investigating
the contamination at the site and is evaluating cleanup alternatives. Field work was
completed in 1990. The study is scheduled for completion in 1992, at which time the
EPA will select the remedies for the cleanup of the site.
Site Facts: In 1982, the State and Brick Township entered into a Consent Order that required the
Township to conduct a surface cleanup of the site. In 1985, the Order was amended to establish a
Brick Township Landfill Action Committee, composed of State and Township officials, to perform a
long-term study of the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and filling and venting of septage pits have greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Brick Township Landfill site while further studies are
being completed and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 38 BRICK TOWNSHIP LANDFILL
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EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
RFIMTAI Ki OIL V ^ Gloucester County
• 11-111 • r"\+- ^*. VXifc- N. s sx I 1 mile east of Bridgeport in Logan Township
SERVICES
NEW JERSEY B"d9ep°rt "*"U
EPA ID# NJD053292652
Site Description
The 30-acre Bridgeport Rental and Oil site is a former waste oil storage and recovery facility located
in Logan Township, 1 mile east of Bridgeport and 2 miles south of the Delaware River. The
property bears a tank farm consisting of approximately 100 tanks and process vessels, drums, tank
trucks, and a 13-acre waste oil and wastewater lagoon. The facility is no longer in operation. A
court order prohibits commercial waste handling activities here. Wastes remain in the lagoon and in
the storage tanks. The lagoon contains about 2 1/2 million gallons of polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB)-contaminated oil, 60,000 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated sediments and sludge, and 70
million gallons of contaminated wastewater. The wastewater, as well as the on-site groundwater, is
contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Pollution has migrated in the groundwater
up to 600 feet away from the lagoon. The storage tanks contain sludge and sediment material similar
to that in the lagoon. The area surrounding the site is primarily rural and agricultural. An active
peach orchard borders the site's western edge. Cedar Swamp, a tidal area, lies to the east and leads
to Little Timber Creek, a tributary of the Delaware River. The lagoon has threatened repeatedly to
breach its dike, and did so once in the early 1970s, causing widespread vegetative damage to about 3
acres of land. The aquifer under the site is used for drinking water by about 800 people in the
Bridgeport area. Groundwater is believed to flow generally north toward the Delaware River,
although local flow is radially directed away from the lagoon. Domestic water supply wells lie to
the north, northwest, and west of the site; 10 of them are within 50 to 1,000 feet of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
PCBs and VOCs, including benzene and methylene chloride, have entered groundwater
from materials disposed at the site. Sediments and sludges contain PCBs and other
organic contaminants and metals including lead, cadmium, chromium, and barium. PCB-
laden oil residues have been found in surface water. Tanks on site contain materials
similar to those in the lagoon. People may be at risk by drinking contaminated
groundwater. The nearby tidal wetland is an ecologically sensitive area, and
contamination threatens the habitat of the last White Cedar Swamp fowl.
39 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup at the lagoon and tank farm areas and on groundwater treatment.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA sent emergency workers to the lagoon on the several
occasions when it threatened to overflow its dike. The following actions were taken: (1)
in 1981, the failing dike was reinforced, raising the height by about 5 feet; (2) in 1982, the
EPA pumped down the lagoon 2 feet and treated the liquids removed; (3) affected homes were
provided with filtration units for their well water, (4) in 1983, the lagoon level was lowered again by
2 feet; (5) in early 1984, an initial cleanup measure was taken to stop leaks from the southeastern
corners of the lagoon; (6) in late 1984, workers returned for cleanup and replacement when a failed
boom spilled 50 gallons of PCB-contaminated oil; and (7) in 1990, drums containing contaminants
were prepared and removed from the site to an EPA-approved facility. The two remaining drums
will be incinerated on site.
Lagoon, Tank Farm, and Wells: In 1984, the EPA selected the following remedies
for cleanup of the lagoon, tank farm, and wells: (1) removing oily waste, contaminated
sludges, and polluted water from the lagoon and treating them by on-site incineration; (2)
excavating and disposing of drums on the site; (3) continuing to pump to prevent the further spread
of contaminated groundwater and to contain any pollutants that may escape during lagoon
excavation; (4) removing all tanks and contained waste; and (5) installing a water supply line from
Bridgeport to homes with contaminated wells. Between 1987 and 1988,100 tanks, many of which
still contained hazardous wastes, were demolished and removed. More than 250,000 gallons of oils
and sludges contaminated with PCBs and about 1 million gallons of liquids were removed from the
tanks and taken to EPA-approved disposal facilities, as was debris from the buildings, tanks, vessels,
drums, and excavated pipelines. In addition, about 21 million gallons of lagoon wastewater were
treated through the on-site treatment system. The drinking water line to 15 affected homes was
completed in 1987. The State undertook responsibility for the design and implementation of this
action. In 1989, a contract was awarded to commence cleanup by the incineration of lagoon wastes
(oil, sediment, and sludges) and area soils. Approximately 70 million gallons of lagoon wastewater
will be treated on site in the treatment system used previously. A test of the incineration unit has
taken place and is scheduled to begin production use by mid-1991. This process is expected to take
approximately 3 years.
Groundwater: The EPA is undertaking a second study of the site to determine what the
best strategies will be for cleaning up groundwater and related contamination. The
investigation has been initiated and is slated for completion in 1993. The scope of the
second phase of this cleanup will be determined by the findings of this investigation.
Site Facts: In June 1982, the Department of Justice, on behalf of the EPA, entered into a Consent
Decree with the owners and operators of the site under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) acknowledging improper disposal activities at the site.
April 1991 40 BRIDGEPORT RENTAL & OIL SERVICES
-------
Environmental Progress
The numerous emergency cleanup actions taken at the Bridgeport Rental and Oil facility have
greatly reduced the potential for accidental contact with hazardous materials left on site. The
majority of contaminated drums located on the site have been removed. Additionally, local residents
have been provided with safe drinking water. The EPA determined that the site was safe while
further investigations leading to a final selection of a remedy for the groundwater and related
contamination are taking place.
BRIDGEPORT RENTAL & OIL SERVICES
41
April! 991
-------
RROfW INni IQTRttTl rvC*A£7 EPA REGION 2
BKUUK INUUb I KlAL CONGRESSIONAL DIST 12
NEW JERSEY
EPA TO NJD078251675
Site Description
Somerset County
Bound Brook
The Brook Industrial Park, a 4 1/2-acre complex of light industries and warehouses, lies on the
northern bank of the Raritan River in a heavily industrialized area of Bound Brook. The site is
flanked by railroads and a commercial and residential area. The facility dates back to the late 1800s,
but the operations of concern have a more recent tenure. Industrial, chemical, and pesticide
production and storage began in 1971, when Blue Spruce International occupied part of the facility.
Several operations were cited for poor housekeeping and waste disposal practices. Several shops of
concern have operated in the industrial park, including Blue Spruce Chemical, Jame Fine Chemicals,
Inc., and National Metal Finishings Corp. Jame Fine Chemicals' history of waste handling features
the direct discharge of wastewater to the Raritan; open storage of waste oils, sludges, and organic
wastes; and suspected discharge of wastewater into a septic tank and leachfield in an unknown
location. National Metal Finishings dumped organic solvents and heavy metal wastes into unlined
cinder block pits inside its facility; wastewater levels in these pits reportedly rise and fall with the
water table levels. Blue Spruce International produced pesticides that were banned in the U.S. and
could only be exported. The facility stored Agent Orange, which contains traces of dioxin. The
company stored as many as 300 drums containing a wide range of hazardous compounds on the site.
Blue Spruce is suspected of discharging pesticide wastes to the drainage ditch and the Raritan and
was cited for illegally discharging chemicals to the Industrial Sewage Pumping Station, where
workers reportedly became ill as a result. Workers at nearby operations also have become ill from
releases from the site. An alleyway between this company and a neighboring corporation was found
to be contaminated with dioxin and caused the EPA to take emergency actions. The materials that
several shops used or processed have mixed and migrated into the groundwater. The surrounding
area is heavily industrialized and residential. Public and private wells within 3 miles of the site
provide water to an estimated 613,000 people. One private well lies within 1/4 mile of the site.
However, these wells are believed to be upgradient of the site. The Raritan River, adjacent to the
site, is used for recreational and commercial purposes.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
43 April!991
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Threats and Contaminants
The building flooring, as well as soils and waters in the basement at Blue Spruce, contain
a wide variety of pesticides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Dioxin was
detected in the flooring and basement soil. Many pesticides have been found in
monitoring wells downgradient from the site. Sludges and discharges from sewers at
Jame Fine contain a score of VOCs. Outdoor soils at Blue Spruce are contaminated with
more than 20 pesticides, many VOCs, and dioxin. Outside soils at Jame Fine contain
VOCs and semi-volatile organics. At National Metal Finishings, a subsurface pit
revealed heavy metals, VOCs, and inorganics. Surface water on the site and runoff to the
Raritan River are contaminated with pesticides. Direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of contaminated soil, surface water, or groundwater may cause adverse health
effects.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, the EPA took emergency actions to seal and lock the
Blue Spruce building and to cover the dioxin-contaminated area with asphalt. In 1990,
fencing was installed, and a building was made secure on a portion of the site to eliminate
accidental contact with possible contaminants.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began an intensive study of pollution problems at this
complex site. The investigation will explore the nature of soil and groundwater pollution,
determine its extent, and recommend the best strategies for final cleanup. It is scheduled
for completion in late 1992. The investigation will focus on several facilities within Brook
Industrial Park that are believed to be contributors to the contamination.
Site Facts: In April 1980, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) filed
an Administrative Order on Consent citing Jame Fine Chemicals for illegal discharge of cooling
water to the Raritan River. In December 1980, the NJDEP issued an Administrative Order to Blue
Spruce ordering immediate cleanup of the facility. In August 1985, the NJDEP cited National Metal
and Brook Industrial Park for unlicensed discharges of metal plating waste into groundwater starting
in 1977.
Environmental Progress
The emergency closing of the Blue Spruce facility, covering the dioxin-contaminated areas with
asphalt, and fencing in a portion of the site have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the Brook Industrial Park site. Analysis of site conditions led the EPA to
determine that no further immediate actions are needed while studies and selection of final remedies
are proceeding.
April 1991 44 BROOK INDUSTRIAL PARK
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Rl IRMT FLY BOG ^S>^ ftj EPA REGION 2
BUKIMI PLY DUU CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Site Description
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980504997 V *£- Marlboro Township
Burnt Fly Bog is a semi-rural area covering about 1,700 acres, mostly in Marlboro Township, but
extending into Middlesex County near Marlboro and the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Contamination at
the site began during the 1950s and the early 1960s, with the direct dumping and spreading of
hazardous materials in the upland portion of the bog. Treatment and disposal facilities for oily
wastes at the edge of the site were poorly built and improperly operated. Over the years, this site
was operated under several owners, and the facilities degenerated to several abandoned waste oil
lagoons, contaminated waste piles, and buried and exposed drummed wastes. In addition to the oil
reprocessing activities, the site was subjected to sanitary landfilling and sand and gravel pit
operations. About 10 acres were directly contaminated. Uncontrolled discharges from all these
upland waste sources to adjoining wetlands have resulted in groundwater and oil contamination over
a 60-acre expanse. An auto salvage yard, a few scattered residences, and a horse farm are located
nearby. The site is a groundwater discharge area for the Englishtown Aquifer. Groundwater flows
to the surface and drains into Deep Run. The nearest people are located about 1,000 feet away from
the site, and the nearest well is 200 feet away. Approximately 1,100 people live within a
1-mile radius, and 15,000 people within a 3-mile radius rely on public or private wells for their
drinking water supplies. Streams and wetlands drain the site, and surface water is used for
recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions. Rnal Date.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Threats and Contaminants
Soils and sediments contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and lead. Surface
water contains lead from runoff from the adjacent wetlands. People may come into
contact with site contaminants by accidentally ingesting polluted soils or dusts; eating
fish, wild berries, or wild game from the bog; or inhaling the toxic products of
burning PCBs during a fire such as one that occurred on the site in 1973. The site is
located in a fringe area of the environmentally sensitive New Jersey Pine Barrens. In
addition, further endangerment of Deep Run could threaten the drinking water of
residents in Perth Amboy, who use the stream as a potable water supply source.
45 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: emergency actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the uplands area, cleanup of the Westerly Wetlands, and further
investigations of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1982, EPA emergency crews went to work in the upland
section of the site. They repaired the earthen dike the State had built to hold back lagoon
contents. They also installed a security fence around the lagoons and drums.
Uplands Area: The EPA selected a remedy to clean up the Uplands Area in 1983, which
included: (1) excavating hazardous substances in lagoon 1, the asphalt pile area, the tar
patch area, and the drummed waste area and disposing of them off site in EPA-approved
facilities; (2) excavating and removing hazardous materials in lagoons 2, 3, and 4, the Northerly
Wetlands, and the contaminated soils area; (3) restoring the original site contours and replanting the
area; (4) designing a comprehensive five-year groundwater monitoring program and testing eight
residential wells; and (5) studying the Westerly Wetlands further to determine the extent of
contamination there. All of the contaminated soil and sludge have been excavated. Nearly 85,000
tons of soil have been removed and disposed of at approved landfills. This total includes
approximately 10,000 tons of stabilized sludge. Approximately 1,000 tons of PCB-contaminated
sludge remain on the site, awaiting removal and incineration. The final disposal of this sludge is
expected to occur in 1992.
Westerly Wetlands: The remedy selected for this area includes: (1) excavating 5,600
cubic yards of contaminated materials that have migrated past the Westerly Wetlands to
the downstream area; (2) disposing of these substances in the same manner in which
Upland Area wastes are being handled; (3) containing the contaminated soils in the Westerly
Wetlands by means of a sedimentation basin and appropriate diversion controls; (4) building a
security fence and access road around the Westerly Wetlands; and (5) conducting studies on the
most promising treatment alternatives for the Westerly Wetlands, the Northerly Wetlands, and the
contaminated soils area. The State began the engineering design for this remedy in 1989, and it is
scheduled for completion in 1992. The final remedy for contaminated soils will be determined,
based on the treatability studies described above and the studies to be conducted in the third
remedial phase.
Entire Site: The State has started intensive studies designed to identify the final remedy
for contaminated materials in the Westerly Wetlands, the Northerly Wetlands, and the
contaminated soil area. This investigation includes a wetlands restoration and an
environmental impact study to determine if any harmful effects will occur during cleanup of the
wetlands.
Environmental Progress
Construction of a dike and security fence around the lagoons and drums by EPA emergency crews
and the removal and disposal of the contaminated soils and sludge in the Uplands area have greatly
reduced the potential for accidental contact with hazardous materials and for contaminated liquids to
migrate from the site. The site has been determined to be safe while further investigations into the
wetlands and contaminated soil areas are planned.
ApriM991 46 BURNT FLY BOG
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CALDWELL o r EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
NEW JERSEY
EssexCounty
Fairfield Township
EPA ID# NJD048798953 ^ ._ * " A. \ 7 OtharNamw:
^^^t J^ *-^ \ * »•«••• •« 4**
Fairfield Boro Site
Site Description
The 11-acre Caldwell Trucking site consists of several lots used for the disposal of residential,
commercial, and industrial septic waste. The wastes were put into unlined lagoons and steel holding
tanks from the early 1950s until 1984. Septic wastes were placed in the open lagoons and sodium
hypochlorite, a disinfectant, was added. The wastes were allowed to settle for a period of time, and
eventually, the liquid phase was pumped out and trucked to a large seepage lagoon located in the far
northwestern portion of the site. The seepage lagoon was utilized from 1968 to 1973. After 1973,
Caldwell installed steel storage tanks to store the wastes transported to the site. All the open,
unlined lagoons were backfilled, with the exception of one that was covered with plywood. By
1984, the tanks were no longer used, and Caldwell operated solely as a transport facility until 1988,
at which time the business was closed. Another neighboring company may have contributed to the
groundwater contamination through spillage of solvents and the misuse of an old septic system.
There are about 500 single family homes located in a heavily populated area within 1 mile of the
site. Since 1981, over 100 private wells and 2 municipal wells in the area have been taken out of
service due to contamination. The affected residents have been supplied with municipal water. The
contaminated groundwater plume originating from the site is moving toward the Passaic River,
which is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in air samples taken along the
periphery of the site near the seepage lagoon during drilling operations. The groundwater
on and off site is significantly contaminated with VOCs including trichloroethylene
(TCE) and chloroform. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), and VOCs were detected in subsurface site soils and metals in surface
soils. VOCs were detected in off-site surface water, an unnamed tributary to Deepavaal
47 April 1991
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Brook, the brook itself, and the Passaic River. Drinking contaminated groundwater is a
potential health threat as long as contaminated wells continue to be used. Other health
threats include exposure related to accidentally ingesting contaminated surface water,
soil, or sediments, or inhaling contaminated air. There also may be a health risk
associated with eating fish from the area surface wastes.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and an off-site contamination study.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Several actions were implemented in 1990 to reduce the potential
for exposure to site contaminants. Chain-link gates and fences were installed at critical
points to prevent access to the site. The exposed lagoon and the four underground storage
tanks were covered and then surrounded with snow fencing. Portions of an access road were
covered with geotech fabric and stone to minimize exposure to trespassing dirt bike riders. Warning
signs also were posted on the fences and at the entrance to the site.
Entire Site: The first cleanup phase is separated into three events including residential
water line hookups, restoration of municipal well No. 7, and cleanup of the site. The final
selection of cleanup technologies to address site contamination included: (1) excavating
and treating, through the addition of heat, approximately 28,000 cubic yards of contaminated soils
and waste materials; (2) disposing of treated soils in a secure landfill to be constructed at the site in
accordance with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements; (3) restoring a
lost potable water resource by providing treatment, through air stripping, of municipal public water
supply well No. 7; (4) providing an alternate water supply for residents potentially affected by
groundwater contamination from the site; and (5) preparing a supplemental investigation to identify
the extent and other sources of groundwater contamination and to develop and evaluate appropriate
cleanup alternatives. In the summer of 1989, the EPA connected the remaining 55 homes and 9
commercial establishments in the plume area to municipal water. The affected parties decided
against the restoration of municipal well No. 7 in favor of continuing to purchase bottled water. The
EPA is developing the technical specifications for site cleanup, with activities scheduled to begin in
1992.
Off-Site Study: The EPA will install groundwater recovery wells equipped with pumps
at various locations throughout the study area to intercept contaminated groundwater. An
air stripper will be constructed to treat extracted groundwater. An effluent pipe, which
will lead to either Deepavaal Creek or the Passaic River, will be constructed. Design of this cleanup
action is expected to begin in 1991. Pumping and treating of the groundwater will last about 30
years.
April 1991 48 CALDWELL TRUCKING
-------
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate drinking water supply to the affected homes and businesses in the area
of the Caldwell Trucking site has significantly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated
groundwater. Site restriction measures, along with the covering of open lagoons and contaminated
soils, have significantly reduced the risk of exposure to on-site contaminants while the design of the
cleanup activities is underway.
CALDWELL TRUCKING
49
April 1991
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EPA ID# NJD000607481
Site Description
PHPMIPAI PrmlTRlTI^<2l rJ/ EPA REGION 2
UHbMIUAL trUlM I KMI^ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
CORPORATI
NEW JERSEY
The Chemical Control Corporation (CCC) site consists of 2 acres and a portion of the Elizabeth
River. The site area, formerly a marsh, is flat and barely above sea level. The surrounding area is
mostly industrial. From 1970 to 1978, CCC operated as a hazardous waste storage, treatment, and
disposal facility, accepting various types of chemicals including: acids, arsenic, bases, cyanides,
flammable solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), compressed gases, biological agents, and
pesticides. Throughout its operations, CCC was cited for discharge and waste storage violations. In
1979, the State of New Jersey initiated a site cleanup that included bulk solids and liquids, drums at
and below the soil surface, gas cylinders, infectious wastes, radioactive wastes, highly explosive
liquids, debris, tanks, and 3 feet of soil. Excavated soil areas were replaced with a 3-foot gravel
cover. An explosion and fire in 1980 interrupted the site cleanup and created additional cleanup
needs by destroying the site and reportedly launching drums of burning waste into the air.
Contaminated runoff from firefighting efforts entered the Elizabeth River. After the fire and
explosion, the cleanup was accelerated and was completed in 1981. As of 1983, the site was a
fenced gravel lot with approximately 200 gas cylinders and 11 trailers waiting for disposal.
Contaminated soil remains under the gravel. The storm drains at the site also have been blocked.
There are approximately 14,300 residents within 1 mile of the site. One residence is located within
200 feet of the site, and densely populated neighborhoods are located across the Elizabeth River.
Drinking water comes from surface water sources.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The sediments of the Elizabeth River and the on-site soils are contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, acid and base/neutral extractables, and metals.
The subsoil is contaminated with VOCs. Eating contaminated fish, shellfish, crabs, and
other marine organisms and direct contact with sediments in the Elizabeth River are
potential health threats. Other industrial pollution sources in the area probably contribute
to contamination in the Elizabeth River. The site is located near estuaries and critical
habitats for estuarine fauna; these areas could be threatened by contaminated waters and
sediments.
51 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
directed at controlling the source of contamination and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA performed immediate actions at the site to ensure
human and environmental safety. These actions included: (1) packing 181 gas cylinders
in safe containers and installing additional pressure gauges on them; (2) removing and
decontaminating 11 box trailers and one vacuum truck; (3) clearing plugged storm sewers; (4)
sampling and removing 187 gas cylinders that were left at the site and one taken from the Elizabeth
River; (5) designing a device used for sampling and compressing gases into new cylinders; (6)
performing a limited site investigation and a focused evaluation of the alternatives for cleanup to
confirm reports that drums from the site had entered the river; and (7) removing all the containers
that were found adjacent to the site.
Source Control: After performing the immediate actions described above, the EPA
installed new cylinder gauges, reconstructed storm sewer catch basins and grates,
constructed curbing to prevent runoff of contaminated sediments, and decontaminated five
box trailers. The gas cylinder cleanup is complete. Harmless gases were vented, while certain easily
treated gases were neutralized on site. Dangerous gases have been shipped off site for proper
disposal. The EPA transported all hazardous materials generated by these cleanup actions to a
federally approved disposal site. All activities for this stage of site cleanup were completed by 1990.
Entire Site: The cleanup technologies chosen to address VOC-contaminated soil on site
include: (1) combining the contaminated soil with a neutralizer that will harden so that the
contaminants cannot migrate from the site; (2) removing debris from earlier cleanup
actions, including water collected while installing monitoring wells, items recovered from the
Elizabeth River under the initial cleanup action, used disposable equipment, and the decontamination
pad; (3) sealing the sanitary sewer line under the site where it connects to the South Front Street
storm sewer; (4) repairing the berm that separates the site from the Elizabeth River; and (5)
collecting and analyzing environmental samples to ensure the effectiveness of the remedy, including
an evaluation after five years to assess its protectiveness of public health and the environment. A
pilot study determined the remedy is effective in binding the contaminants and reducing their
mobility. The potentially responsible parties are designing the technical specifications for the
remedy. It is expected to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: In January 1979, the State, through litigation, placed the company in receivership. In
1990, the EPA and 179 potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Decree, under which the
parties agreed to design the remedy and perform the remaining cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has performed numerous immediate actions at the Chemical Control Corp. site which have
greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials on the site and eliminated the
sources of contamination. The EPA has determined that the site is safe while it awaits final cleanup.
April 1991 52 CHEMICAL CONTROL CORPORATION
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CHEMICAL INSEC
CORPORATION
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980484653
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
'CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Middlesex County
Edison Township
The Chemical Insecticide Corporation (CIC) Site is located in Edison Township and occupies about
6 acres. The property was formerly occupied by a number of industrial companies. CIC used the
site from 1958 to 1970 for processing various pesticides, including herbicides that often contained
dioxin as an impurity. In the mid-1960s, the Edison Department of Health and Human Resources
became concerned about odors, discharges, and on-site fires. The Department ordered the facility to
stop discharging wastewater, oversaw disposal of leaking drums to eliminate an odor problem, and
ordered the closing of two on-site lagoons. CIC declared bankruptcy in 1970. Piscataway
Associates bought the property and demolished the production facilities in 1975. As part of a State-
wide dioxin screening program, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection sampled
soil from the site and found dioxin, triggering more detailed investigations. There are approximately
77,000 people living within 3 miles of the site. A stream and a river that are used for recreation run
near the site. Groundwater is a backup water supply in the event of water shortages in the area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including
benzene and trichloroethane; pesticides such as lindane; and arsenic. The soil and
sediments are contaminated with pesticides, arsenic, and dioxin. Runoff from the site
contained arsenic and the herbicide dinoseb. Workers and others on site could be exposed
to contaminants by direct contact with soil or inhaling contaminated dust. Contaminated
surface water runoff presents exposure risks on nearby properties. Continued off-site
groundwater migration could affect wells in the area.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on surface water runoff and cleanup of source materials and groundwater.
53
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: A 6-foot chain-link fence, encompassing a portion of the existing
fence, was constructed to restrict access to the detected contaminants. Fifteen warning
signs were posted, and a snow fence was erected around the catchment. In addition, 202
tons of crushed stone were applied to improve the utility road adjacent to a drainage ditch. A second
action involved the drainage ditch, which overflowed into a parking lot. The ditch was unplugged,
the adjacent berm was improved, and the parking lot was cleaned. Risks associated with
contaminated surface water were reduced, but not completely eliminated.
Contaminated Surface Water Runoff: Actions selected for cleanup include: (1)
grading the site; (2) installing barriers to reduce surface water from leaving or entering the
site; and (3) installing an impermeable cap over the site and controlled release of
uncontaminated runoff from the cap. The technical design for these activities is expected to be
completed in 1991, with construction slated for completion in 1992.
Source Materials and Groundwater: The EPA is conducting an investigation of the
sources of hazardous waste materials and groundwater contamination, and completion is
expected in 1991.
Environmental Progress
Installation of a security fence around the Chemical Insecticide Corporation site and the other
actions taken to control the migration of the contamination have greatly reduced the immediate
threat to the surrounding community and the environment while the design for cleaning up
contaminated surface water is underway and investigations leading to a selection of the final cleanup
remedy are taking place.
April 1991 54 CHEMICAL INSECTICIDE CORPORATION
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EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
LEAMAN
TANK LINES, INC.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD047321443
Site Description -
Chemical Leaman Tank Lines, Inc. has operated a tank- washing facility since 1960 on a 31 -acre site
in Bridgeport. The wastewater generated was placed in a series of seven unlined lagoons and
ultimately was discharged to Moss Creek. In 1975, sludge in the settling lagoons was excavated and
disposed of off site. The lagoons were then filled in, along with the aeration lagoons, but no sludge
was removed. In 1980 and 1981, the State found carbon tetrachloride and other organics in the
groundwater on the site as well as in private wells. Logan Township has a population of
approximately 3,000 residents. Agriculture accounts for about one-third of the land use and more
than half is undeveloped marshes and woodlands. Chemical Leaman Tank Lines, Inc. is in an area
zoned for light industry. About 50 homes are within a 1/2-mile radius. The residences located near
the site have individual domestic water supply wells, although many have not been used for drinking
water since contaminants were discovered in the water in the 1970s. During 1987, residences north
of the site along Route 44 were connected to the Bridgeport Municipal Water System.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
ZA
The groundwater on site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including trichloroethene, benzene, and vinyl chloride and heavy metals including
arsenic, chromium, and zinc. Many of the same contaminants have been found in private
wells off site. Contaminants found in subsurface soils include heavy metals, VOCs, and
phthalate. People who use water from VOC-contaminated wells for bathing, clothes
washing, or other uses may come in direct contact with or inhale contaminants. Area
homes have been connected to the municipal water supplies, or residents are receiving
bottled water. The contaminated on-site well is used for tank trailer washing operations.
Workers could be exposed to VOCs by direct contact with or by inhaling contaminants
evaporating from the water during these operations, as well as from residual chemicals
flushed out of the tank trailers during washing procedures. The pollution of the creek and
other surrounding marshes, wetlands, and woodlands may be from the migrating
contaminants in the groundwater.
55
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater contamination, soil contamination, and wetlands.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In a cooperative action between the State of New Jersey and the
EPA, activated carbon treatment units were placed in the four homes with contaminated
drinking water. The four homes later were connected to a permanent water line from a
nearby town. The EPA is planning to connect four more homes to the municipal water line as well.
Groundwater Contamination: In 1989, the EPA took over the responsibility of
investigating the groundwater, source areas, and non-wetlands soil and the possible
cleanup actions. This investigation was completed in mid-1990. Cleanup remedies
selected include groundwater extraction, treatment through chemical precipitation, air stripping and
granulated activated carbon, and discharge of treated groundwater into the Delaware River. The
design of the selected remedy is scheduled to begin in 1991.
Soil Contamination: Sampling of on-site soils to determine the extent of soil
contamination was completed in spring 1990. The EPA has nearly completed a thorough
investigation of the soil contamination, with recommendations for cleanup expected in
1991.
Wetlands: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination in the wetlands
began in 1990 and is scheduled for completion in late 1991. Recommendations on
selected cleanup methods are expected to be made in early 1992.
Site Facts: Chemical Leaman Tank Lines Inc., the potentially responsible party, entered into a
Consent Order in July 1985 to perform the site investigation and the alternative cleanup activities.
In July 1989, the EPA took over and completed the groundwater study. Chemical Leaman Tank
Lines, Inc. entered into a Consent Decree in April 1991 to design the technologies and to perform
the cleanup work for groundwater contamination at this site.
Environmental Progress
The affected homes to the north of the Chemical Leaman site have been connected to an alternate
water supply. Affected homes located to the south and west of the site will be connected to an
alternate water supply in 1991, thereby reducing the potential for exposure to contaminated
groundwater while further investigations leading to the selection of remedies for the soil
contamination and the wetlands are taking place.
April! 991 56 CHEMICAL LEAMAN TANK LINES. INC.
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CHEMSOL, INC.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980528889
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Middlesex County
Pfscataway
Chemsol, Inc. is a 40-acre site in Piscataway. This inactive site was used for solvent recovery and
other industrial processes in the 1950s through approximately 1964. The facility was closed after a
series of industrial accidents, explosions, and fires. The site was purchased by Tang Realty in 1978.
The State determined that 40 drums of chemical wastes were buried at the site. Soils in and around
the site have been contaminated from leaking drums and other containers of unknown substances
that were discovered and excavated in 1988. Additionally, Tang Realty, the owner, excavated and
disposed of over 3,700 cubic yards of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-contaminated site soils. The
groundwater around the site is used mainly for industrial processes, although there are private wells
in the area. An estimated 36,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, with the nearest well
and the nearest occupied building 400 feet away from the site. Residents in the area obtained their
drinking water from public and private wells. In 1990, municipal water lines were extended into the
area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as trichloroethylene (TCE), chloroform, and
carbon tetrachloride have contaminated on-site groundwater. Site soils have been
contaminated by solvents from leaking drums, as well as by PCBs. Chlorinated solvents
including TCE, chloroform, toluene, and benzene have been detected in on-site surface
water. The contaminated groundwater, surface water, and soil could pose a health hazard
to on-site workers and nearby residents through direct contact or accidental ingestion. In
addition, chemicals may accumulate in fish, water fowl, livestock, and commercial
agricultural products if pollutants should migrate off the site.
57
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach —_____
The site is being addressed in three phases: an initial action and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and of groundwater.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: In 1988, over 3,700 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated soils were
removed from the site by Tang Realty. In 1990, municipal water service was extended
into the area. The EPA is in the process of removing chemical drums and containers
discovered at the site, as well as contaminated soil. This removal action is expected to be completed
in late 1991.
Entire Site: The EPA is carrying out an investigation into site contamination. The aim
of this investigation is to determine the nature and extent of the soil, groundwater, and
surface water contamination. Groundwater samples will be collected from monitoring
wells for analysis, as will surface water and sediment samples from the stream on site. An interim
remedy also is being developed to restrict off-site migration of contaminated groundwater. The site
investigation is scheduled to conclude in late 1991, when a plan for cleanup will be proposed.
Groundwater: The EPA is conducting a study which will address potential off-site and
deeper groundwater contamination, as well as soil and possible air contamination. Post-
excavation soil sampling will be performed to determine the nature and extent of soil
contamination. Groundwater and residential well water sampling will continue. Air samples will be
collected and analyzed to determine potential air contamination. This study is expected to be
completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection issued orders to Tang Realty
in 1983 and 1984 for the performance of a site investigation.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the drums and contaminated soils is greatly reducing the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the Chemsol, Inc. site while investigations leading to the selection of the final
cleanup remedy are taking place.
April 1991 58 CHEMSOL, INC.
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Site Description
PIRA ftPlftV PORP vtvJ EPA REGION 2
UbA-Ubl
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Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE), and toluene and heavy
metals including arsenic and chromium. The contaminated groundwater and soil
could pose a health hazard to the public through direct contact or accidental
ingestion. Also, the contaminants from the site could pollute the Toms River,
which forms the northeastern boundary of the site. Winding River Park, an
outdoor recreational area situated in the flood plain of the Toms River, also could
be affected by the site. Wetlands near the site also face possible contamination.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater and the entire site and source control.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The EPA decided on the following cleanup measures to protect
public health and the environment: (1) sealing contaminated residential irrigation
wells; (2) on- and off-site groundwater pumping with on-site treatment and
subsequent discharge into the Toms River, and (3) implementing a river and groundwater
monitoring program. Sealing of contaminated residential irrigation wells continues while design
of cleanup technologies is underway and is expected to be completed in late 1991.
Entire Site: The second phase of the investigation to evaluate the extent and the
nature of the contamination on the entire site began in 1989, and completion is
expected in late 1992. The investigations include characterizations of up to ten source
areas outside the production area, the wastewater treatment plant area, and off-site wetlands, as
well as the 100-acre production area, and other treatment and disposal facilities.
Source Control: The first two long-term remedial phases will be completed before
contamination source control measures are considered. A work plan will be prepared
for this phase if the EPA determines that additional measures are needed to clean up
the site.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA informed the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination of their responsibility for cleaning up the site. After negotiations with the EPA,
the parties agreed to fund the investigative work carried out to determine the nature and the
extent of the contamination.
Environmental Progress
The remedies have been selected for the cleanup of the groundwater, and contaminated irrigation
wells have been sealed. The EPA has determined that the Ciba-Geigy Corp. site does not pose
an immediate threat to the surrounding community or the environment while further
investigations into final remedies for the remaining portions of the site are underway.
April 1991 60 CIBA-GEIGY CORP.
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CINNAMINSON
TOWNSHIP (BLO
GROUND WATER
CONTAMINATION
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980785638
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Burlington County
Cinnaminson Township
Othw Names:
Cinnaminson Township Landfill
The Cinnaminson Township (Block 702) Ground Water Contamination site occupies 120 acres in an
industrial and residential area. The landfill located on site began operations in the mid-1950s;
wastes were deposited in an unlined former gravel pit. Chemical wastes were illegally deposited in
the landfill. In the 1970s, the landfill was cited several times by the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection for violations of landfill regulations. In 1979, analysis revealed that the
groundwater underneath and adjacent to the landfill was contaminated. The landfill was closed in
1980. The hydrogeology beneath the landfill is very complicated due to the presence of clay layers
called lenses, intensive pumping of groundwater east of the site, and the possibility that groundwater
naturally moves in two different directions beneath the site. The contaminated aquifer is a source of
drinking water for people living around the site. There are both public and private water supply
wells within 1 mile of the study area. Approximately 55,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of
the site. There are five private wells on Taylors Lane, approximately 4,700 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including chloroform, benzene, and vinyl chloride
have contaminated the groundwater. The contaminated groundwater could adversely
affect the health of individuals if it reaches drinking water wells and is then ingested.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the groundwater
and the entire site.
61
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Groundwater: The EPA completed a study in 1990 of the extent and the nature of
the contamination in the groundwater at the site. The investigation included the
installation of monitoring wells and sampling of the groundwater downgradient of the
landfill to locate the areas of greatest contamination, which will be addressed first once the
cleanup activities are started. Sampling of 12 private wells upgradient from the site found
elevated levels of nickel and nitrate in one well. That resident was connected to a local water
line. These wells are not thought to be threatened by site contamination due to the direction of
groundwater flow. However, municipal wells could be affected. Also, samples of surface water,
sediment, and air were taken and found to be within acceptable levels. The selected remedy
includes pumping groundwater from both deep and shallow aquifers, treating it with granular
activated carbon, and reinjecting the treated groundwater intot the lower aquifer. The design of
these technologies is expected to begin in mid-1991.
Entire Site: An evaluation of the source of the contamination at the entire site is
expected to begin in 1993 and is to be completed in 1996.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the Cinnaminson Ground Water Contamination site
while cleanup actions are being planned.
April 1991 62 CINNAMINSON TOWNSHIP (BLOCK 702)
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
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COMBE FILL
NORTH LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980530596
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Morris County
Mt. Olive Township
Between 1966 and 1978, the 65-acre Combe Fill North Landfill site operated as a sanitary municipal
landfill, accepting municipal and industrial wastes, along with minimal amounts of dry sewage
sludge. In 1978, the landfill was purchased by Combe Fill Corporation (CFC). In 1979,
groundwater was found to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as were
private residential wells downslope from the site. VOCs were also found in the air. Runoff flows
across the surface of the landfill and drains into the creeks that border the site. The landfill was not
properly closed when CFC went bankrupt in 1981. The area surrounding the site is primarily
wooded, with small residential areas, farms, and light industry. Some land is used for farming
purposes. Approximately 10,000 people rely on groundwater supplied from wells.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Air is contaminated with methane and VOCs emanating from the landfill. Groundwater
is contaminated with various VOCs as well as phthalates, zinc, and cyanide. Runoff from
the site that drains into nearby creeks may contaminate the surface water and fish. People
who drink contaminated groundwater may be at risk. In addition, people who come into
direct contact with uncovered wastes may suffer adverse health effects.
63
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA and the State selected a remedy to clean up the site that
includes: (1) grading and compacting the waste disposal area; (2) covering the landfill
with a clay or a synthetic material to prevent surface water and rainwater from coming
into contact with the buried waste; (3) installing a system of ditches and metal pipes to collect
drainage from the site; (4) installing a ventilation system for the methane gas; and (5) fencing the
site. The State has completed most cleanup activites. Once all the remaining details of cleanup
activities are completed in 1992, the State plans to monitor the groundwater and air to ensure the
effectiveness of the cleanup.
Environmental Progress
State actions have restricted access to the site, removed the threat of direct contact with
contaminants, and prevented the further spread of contaminants at the Combe Fill North Landfill site
while the planned cleanup activities are completed.
April 1991 64 COMBE FILL NORTH LANDFILL
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POMRF Fll I A^J^^Psf EPA REGION 2
UUIVIBt TILL P^^TTfT CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
QOI ITH I ANHFIMK " "^ ^rW/~1 Morris County
OV/WF I I! L.rnlllL/1 IK»li» * *"$&'1 XJX I Chester and Washington Townships
/ ,.-. * * x*. .1 •?-1 s^\S^-^t
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD094966611
Site Description
The Combe Fill South Landfill consists of three separate fill areas comprising 65 acres on a 115-acre
parcel of land between Chester and Washington Townships. The site operated as a municipal
landfill from the 1940s until 1981 and was licensed to accept municipal and non-hazardous industrial
wastes, sewage sludge, septic tank wastes, chemicals, and waste oils. In 1978, Combe Fill
Corporation (CFC) bought the landfill. While under CFC management, procedures at the landfill
violated many of the New Jersey solid waste administrative codes. CFC went bankrupt in 1981,
before the landfill was properly closed. A citizen's group, one of two formed by residents who were
concerned over disposal practices at the site, sampled the groundwater, leachate, and surface water
and found them to be contaminated. Testing indicated that the fill material consists mainly of highly
decomposed rubbish, and that no hot spots or localized sources of hazardous substances exist.
Contaminants have seeped into the aquifer beneath the site. The State provided bottled water to
residents affected by contaminated groundwater. Leachate, groundwater, and surface runoff form
the headwaters of Trout Brook, which flows through Hacklebarney State Park. The area surrounding
the site is semi-rural. A large portion of a nearby wetlands area was cleared to construct the landfill.
Trout Brook is used for fishing and recreational activities. Approximately 170 people live within 1/2
mile of the landfill. Most of the residents use private wells as their source of drinking water.
Vegetable and grain crops, orchards, and horse farms are located near the site.
MPi I I^TIMf* MlftTORV
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal and State
actions.
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
65 April 1991
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Threats and Contaminants
Air sampling showed the presence of methane and other gases and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene. Groundwater is
contaminated with VOCs and arsenic. Soil contains pesticides including aldrin and
dieldrin. Contaminated surface runoff drains into Trout Brook. Contaminants may
accumulate in the trout and could pose a health hazard to people who eat them. Although
residents have been provided with an alternate water supply, people who continue to
drink the contaminated well water may suffer adverse health effects. In addition, people
who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated soil may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: The State provided bottled water to residents affected by
groundwater contamination and fenced the site to prevent access.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA and the State selected a remedy that includes: (1)
covering the landfill with clay or a synthetic material to prevent surface water and
rainwater from coming into contact with the buried wastes; (2) installing a system to
collect the landfill gases; (3) pumping the shallow groundwater and leachate and treating it
before discharging it into Trout Brook; (4) installing controls to accommodate stormwater runoff
and seasonal increases in rain; and (5) performing an additional study to determine if the deep
aquifer needs treatment. The State of New Jersey is designing the technical specifications to
clean up the site in two phases. The design is scheduled for completion in 1992. When all
cleanup activities are completed, the State will monitor the site to ensure the cleanup has been
effective.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup remedies have been selected for the Combe Fill South site and work is scheduled to
be started in 1992. The site has been fenced, and residents have been provided with bottled
water, reducing the potential for exposure to contaminants on the site while the design of cleanup
actions is completed and cleanup is taking place.
April 1991 66 COMBE FILL SOUTH LANDFILL
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COOPER ROAD
SITE
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980761381
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Camden County
Voorhees Township
Site Description
The Cooper Road Site covers 100 square feet in Voorhees Township. The site consists of an old
borrow pit that had been excavated for fill material. In 1982, several dozen 1- to 2-ounce glass vials
containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were discovered on the site. Some of the vials were
broken, but most were intact. The State requested that the property owners remove the vials, but the
owners did not comply. The property was sold in 1983, and the new owners, under State
supervision, removed the vials and excavated 6 inches of contaminated soil and placed the vials and
soil in a federally approved hazardous waste facility. The EPA deleted the Cooper Road Site from
the National Priorities List in 1989, when it was determined that the site no longer posed a threat to
the public or the environment. The site lies in an area that has undergone recent residential
development. Approximately 1,400 people live within 3 miles of the site. The nearest residence is
located 300 feet from the site, and the nearest private well is 500 feet away. New residential
developments within the site area are being placed on the municipal water service.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Deleted Date: 02/22/89
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with VOCs. The vials found on the site contained VOCs such as
benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Tests conducted after the owners removed the vials
and excavated the contaminated soils showed that the site was safe to the surrounding
community and the environment.
67
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The significant risks and threats to the community and the environment
were eliminated in 1987 after the owners, under State supervision, removed the glass vials
and excavated contaminated soils.
Environmental Progress
The contaminated soils and materials have been removed from the Cooper Road site, thereby
eliminating any potential site-related health risks to the community and the environment. The EPA
deleted the site from the NPL in 1989.
April 1991
68
COOPER ROAD SITE
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COSDEN CHEMICA 13
EPA ID# NJD000565531
COATINGS ^o \\^7) B*|~
CORPORATION
v.' i?m /c
Mol«ta-Cosden Industrial Coatings
ICDOCV l' • y Cosden Industrial Coatings Corporation
JCnOCf
Site Description
The 6 1/2-acre Cosden Chemical Coatings Corp. site operated as a production facility under several
names from the early 1940s until 1989. The facility produced coatings for industrial applications that
involved the use of solvents, which were stored on site in drums. Prior to 1974, solvents and wastes
were recycled by a contractor who regularly removed the drums. In 1974, the recycling ceased, and
the drums accumulated on the site. The site first came to the attention of the New Jersey Department
of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) following a grass fire at the facility. An inspection by the
NJDEP in 1980 revealed surface spills and several hundred unsecured drums stored on site. The EPA
conducted sampling in 1988 and found soil and groundwater contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Approximately 700 people live within 1 mile of the site; the closest residence is
1/10 mile away. Approximately 69,000 people within 3 miles of the site depend on groundwater for
their drinking water. Three municipal wells are located within 1 mile of the site. The Delaware
River is 4,000 feet away and is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/01/87
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The soil and groundwater are contaminated with VOCs including toluene, xylene, and
ethyl benzene. Soil also is contaminated with heavy metals including chromium, lead,
zinc, and copper, as well as poiychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). People who come in
direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated soil or groundwater may be at
risk. Although private wells had been the source of drinking water in the past, all of the
homes in the area are now connected to the municipal water supply.
69 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the State secured the site by consolidating the contents of
the drums into dumpsters. The State then removed 540 drums of PCB wastes and sent
them to a federally approved incinerator for disposal. In 1987, the State removed 43
drums of paint and paint sludges for incineration at a federally approved facility. In 1989, the EPA
constructed a fence to secure the site.
Entire Site: The EPA is conducting an investigation to define the contamination at the
site. Geophysical studies are being performed to identify the locations of buried drums
and underground storage tanks and to determine their contribution to the contamination.
The EPA is sampling the soil to measure the type, amount, and location of contaminants. Six
monitoring wells will be installed to monitor groundwater and to analyze the contaminants. In
addition, private water wells will be sampled to determine if they pose a public health threat Once
these investigations are completed in fall 1991, alternatives for cleaning up the site will be
recommended.
Site Facts: The State ordered Cosden to clean up the on-site spills and to remove and dispose of
the drums three different times (1981,1984, and 1985). The company did not comply with any of
the orders.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and installation of a fence have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminants at the Cosden Chemical Coatings Corp. site while further studies on the nature and
extent of contamination are being completed.
April 1991 70 COSDEN CHEMICAL COATINGS
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CPS/MADISON 5 /W coNGEBPfsSND,2s,oe
llVini IQTRIFQ / O >T^~1 Middlesex County
IIMUUO I Ml CO / yVi^l, / Old Bridge Township
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD002141190 "^XXT^xN/V ) ) Other Name.:
'—' *• ^ ' ^-J^ CPSChemical
Old Bridge Chemical
Site Description
The CPS/Madison Industries site consists of two adjacent manufacturing facilities located on a 35-
acre tract of land. CPS processes, treats, and stores organic chemicals used in the production of
sewage treatment agents, lubricants, oil field chemicals, and anti-corrosive agents. The company
generates lead wastes and spent halogenated solvents that are shipped off site for disposal. The
hazardous wastes are stored in tanks or containers, where some solvent distillation occurs. Madison
Industries produces zinc compounds for fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Since 1967,
the two companies repeatedly have dumped and discharged chemicals into the public sewer system
as well as onto their respective properties. Thirty-two municipal wells were closed due to
contamination. Approximately 400 tons of hazardous material are present at the site.
Approximately 1,000 people live within 1/2 mile of the site. Prickett's Brook and Pond have been
contaminated, but are not used for recreation or water supplies.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals including cadmium and lead, as well as phthalates. The sediments and
surface water of Prickett's Pond are contaminated with lead, cadmium, and VOCs. Even
though Prickett's Pond is not generally used for recreation, children who play near it may
suffer adverse health effects if they should directly contact or ingest the water or
sediments. Although the contaminated water wells have been taken out of service,
people who come in direct contact with or accidentally drink contaminated groundwater
may be at risk. The Perth Amboy well fields are downgradient of the site.
71 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In January 1991, a groundwater pump and treat system was installed
as a temporary remedy to prevent contamination of the nearby Perth Amboy well fields
while further studies are being completed.
Entire Site: Before this site was listed on the NPL, CPS and Madison Industries, under
State supervision, studied the type and extent of contamination at the site. Once further
studies on the groundwater, surface water, and sediment contamination are completed, the
EPA will review the recommended alternatives and will select the cleanup actions to be
implemented.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent to perform site contamination investigations was
signed by the two companies and the State in 1985. Negotiations are underway between the EPA
and the State to conduct studies of the site.
Environmental Progress
A temporary groundwater treatment system has been installed to contain the spread of groundwater
contamination and protect the Perth Amboy well fields that provide a public drinking water supply.
The EPA and the State have determined that residents and the environment are protected while
further investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
April1991 72 CPS/MADISON INDUSTRIES
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CURCIO SCRAP
METAL, INC.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD011717584
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Bergen County
Saddle Brook Township
The 1-acre Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc. (CSMI) site is an active scrap metal yard that contains 10,950
square feet of warehouse and office space. CSMI and Cirello Iron and Steel Company (CISC)
collect scrap iron, copper, aluminum, and other ferrous and non-ferrous metals on this active yard.
In 1982, CSMI received shipments of 54 electrical transformers and, while cutting the transformers,
oil containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) spilled onto the ground. The State became aware
of the site in 1982 when a citizen became concerned over CSMI's activities. The State found the
soil and runoff from a drainage ditch to be contaminated with PCBs. In 1985, the State discovered
an oil spill that flowed from the site to a pond approximately 300 feet from the Curcio site and
determined that CISC was responsible for the spill. The company spilled about 200 to 300 gallons
of hydraulic fluid on the CSMI site. Approximately 30,000 people depend on public wells within 3
miles of the site as their sole source of drinking water. An estimated 1,000 to 3,000 people live
within a 1-mile radius, with the closest residence being 300 feet from the site. The site is above the
Brunswick formation, one of the State's most important aquifers. Schroeders Brook is located
nearby.
Site Responsibility: Thissite is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/01/87
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with PCBs, heavy metals, and volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) from the electrical transformers. Surface water in a drainage
ditch and in a nearby pond may be contaminated with the same contaminants. People
who ingest or come in direct contact with PCB-contaminated water may be at risk. In
addition, the polluted surface water in the drainage ditch and pond may pose a health
threat through direct contact or accidental ingestion.
73
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the soil and
groundwater and surface water.
Response Action Status
Soil: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are conducting a study of
the site, under EPA monitoring. Once the study is completed in 1991, alternatives to clean
up the contamination will be recommended.
Groundwater and Surface Water: The potentially responsible parties are conducting
a study to determine the nature and extent of groundwater and surface water
contamination and to identify cleanup alternatives. The study is expected to be completed
in spring 1992.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA, CSMI, and CISC signed an Administrative Order on Consent in
which the companies agreed to conduct a study to measure the extent of the contamination at the
site. The EPA issued a Unilateral Order in 1989 requiring the companies to refrain from taking any
actions that might interfere with the EPA's investigation or cleanup of the site. The companies also
are required to implement provisions for eliminating any future releases of hazardous substances at
the site.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Curcio Scrap Metal site while further studies are being
completed and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 74 CURCIO SCRAP METAL, INC.
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D'IMPERIO
PROPERTY
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980529416
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Atlantic County
Hamilton Township
Other Names:
Motel Dennis
Site Description
The 1 1/2-acre D'Imperio Property site comprises two disposal areas on a 200-acre parcel of land
where unauthorized dumping took place from the late 1960s to 1976. The first disposal area
consists mainly of partially buried and ruptured metal drums. Approximately sixty drums
containing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including solvents were dumped there. The
second disposal area contains mainly domestic refuse including paper, plastics, metal appliances,
and pipes. The groundwater is contaminated and the contaminant plume has been detected in two
aquifers. The site is located in a rural area, with most of the developed areas more than 1/2 mile
from the property. There is one motel within 1,000 feet of the site. Approximately 6,000 people
within 3 miles of the site use groundwater for drinking water. Twenty private wells are located
within 1 mile, with the closest well 300 feet upgradient of the site and one well 1,400 feet
downgradient. The site is within the New Jersey Pineland Reserve. Approximately 2,000 feet away
are the Babcock Swamp wetlands, which are drained by Babcock Creek.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, and the soil contains VOCs and plastics.
Because the site is in the New Jersey Pinelands Reserve and near wetlands, the possibility
exists that contaminants may harm the environment and wildlife in these areas. People
who ingest or come in direct contact with the contaminated groundwater from private
wells may be at risk. If the pollutants seep to Babcock Creek, contaminants may
accumulate in these fish. Should the fish be eaten, people may suffer adverse health
effects. In addition, contaminated soil may pose a health hazard through direct contact.
75
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach —
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1982, the EPA constructed a fence and posted a guard to prevent
people from entering the site and coming into contact with hazardous substances.
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site that includes: (1)
excavating and transporting 3,900 cubic yards of contaminated waste, soil, and drums to a
federally approved facility; (2) constructing a cover made of clay or synthetic material to
prevent rainwater from spreading buried wastes; and (3) pumping and treating the groundwater to
remove the contaminants and then discharging the clean water back into the aquifers. The EPA has
removed the 3,900 cubic yards of contaminated soil and disposed of it in a federally approved
facility, along with 82 drums. The cover was completed in 1987. The EPA currently is designing
the technical specifications for the groundwater pump and treatment system. Once the design phase
is completed in 1992, the groundwater cleanup will begin.
Environmental Progress
By securing the site with a fence and a guard, removing the contaminated soil and drums, and
capping the buried wastes, the EPA greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated
materials at the D'Imperio Property site while further cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 76 D'IMPERIO PROPERTY
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DAYCO CORP./LE.
CARPENTER CO.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD002168748
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Morris County
Wharton Borough
Site Description
The 14 1/2-acre Dayco Corp./L.E. Carpenter Company site operated as a vinyl wall covering
manufacturing facility. During the operations, solid and liquid wastes were disposed of in unlined
on-site lagoons, approximately 20 feet from the Rockaway River. Although manufacturing is no
longer taking place on site, the site is still active as a warehouse and office facility. The site is above
an aquifer that provides water for both Wharton and Dover and is in the flood plain of the Rockaway
River. The site also borders residences and other industrial facilities. Approximately 27,000 people
live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The nearest residence is 150 feet from the site, and two of
Wharton's public supply wells are approximately 2,600 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
The groundwater, sediments, and soil are contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), such as xylene and ethyl benzene and with phthalate esters. The
contaminated groundwater, soil, and sediments could adversely affect the health of
people who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated materials.
Also, due to the proximity of the site to the Rockaway River, the contaminants may have
reached the river and polluted the water.
77
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach —_
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, Dayco Corp./L.E. Carpenter removed approximately 4,000
cubic yards of soil from the property. Storage tanks at the facility also have been
cleaned out. A program to pump floating organics from the water table is underway.
Entire Site: In 1986, the company took responsibility for carrying out a
comprehensive investigation of the site to evaluate the nature and extent of the
contamination. Once the study is completed in late 1991, alternative cleanup actions
will be evaluated by the EPA.
Site Facts: Under an Adminstrative Order signed by L.E. Carpenter and the State of New
Jersey in 1986, L.E. Carpenter is conducting the site investigation and will also be performing
the required site cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated soil and cleaning storage tanks, the parties potentially responsible for
contamination at the Dayco Corp./L.E. Carpenter site have greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials while studies leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies
are taking place.
April1991 78 DAYCO CORP7LE. CARPENTER
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DE REWAL
CHEMICAL
COMPANY
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980761373
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Hunterdon County
Kingwood Township
From 1970 to 1973, the 3 3/4-acre De Rewal Chemical Company site manufactured a textile
preservative and agricultural fungicide and served as a warehouse for the storage and resale of
chemicals. Chemicals handled included a range of metals, acid solutions, and fertilizer nutrients and
associated compounds. Numerous spills were reported in 1973, including one incident in which a
tank truck containing a highly acidic chromium solution was allowed to drain onto the soil and
eventually to the Delaware River. The area formerly occupied by the company was sold in 1979 and
has been used since then for a small business and private residence. The site is located within the
flood plain of the river, which is used for recreation. Groundwater is the source of drinking water for
the area. Investigations of the groundwater indicated the shallow water-bearing zone is contaminated
with heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Several residences are located north and
south of the site; the residence on site houses the owner of the property and five tenants. The
population of Kingwood Township is approximately 3,000.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Testing of the bedrock aquifer showed the presence of VOCs such as trichloroethene and
tetrachloroethene, as well as the heavy metal cadmium, but not at levels exceeding safety
standards. The shallow water-bearing zone also contains metals and VOCs. No
connection has been proven between the shallow and bedrock aquifers. The soil is
contaminated with heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, copper, and lead, as well
as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and VOCs. Contaminated groundwater and
the soil could pose a health hazard to individuals through direct contact or accidental
ingestion.
79
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach —
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Based on studies of the contamination at the site, the EPA selected a remedy
to clean up the site which includes: (1) excavation of contaminated soil; (2) on-site
thermal treatment of VOC-contaminated soil; (3) on-site solidification and stabilization of
the thermally treated soil and the remaining metal-contaminated soil; (4) extraction of shallow
contaminated groundwater with on-site storage, and off-site disposal at an approved industrial
wastewater treatment facility; (5) provision of a treatment system for the on-site residential well; (6)
monitoring to ensure the remedy has been effective; and (7) establishment of deed restrictions. The
results from monitoring of the bedrock aquifer after the completion of the cleanup will determine if
there is a need for further action. In 1989, the EPA began designing technical specifications for the
cleanup. A treatment system was provided for the on-site residential well in 1990. The design of
the major cleanup activities is scheduled for completion late in 1992.
Environmental Progress
Installation of a treatment system for the on-site residential well will reduce the threat of exposure to
contaminants at the De Rewal Chemical Company site while the remaining cleanup activities are
being designed.
April 1991
80
DE REWAL CHEMICAL COMPANY
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Site Description
DELILAH ROAD / rx^Ol) EPA REGI™ *
.._... .___,„, \ "^ " :*Q£y' CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
NEW JERSEY \ , xt\ Atlantic County
EPA ID# NJD980529002 ?' ' " ' Egg Harbor Township
The 40-acre Delilah Road site is one of a complex of four landfills formerly operated by Charles
Price. The site was a sand and gravel pit used for sand mining operations and was then converted to
a solid waste disposal site, accepting municipal and construction wastes and some hazardous wastes.
A permit subsequently was issued for the disposal of non-hazardous municipal and solid waste only.
The site accepted municipal and household wastes from 1974 to 1980, but records indicate that
drummed flammable wastes and sludges containing trichloroethylene (TCE) and lead were dumped
at the site. A notice of violation was issued by the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection in 1979. Landfill operations ended in 1980. Numerous incidents of illegal dumping were
reported after the site was closed. Sampling by the EPA uncovered groundwater contamination in
1982. Janets Run, a creek that flows intermittently into Absecon Creek, is located 1,000 feet north
of the landfill. Approximately 3,500 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. A New Jersey
Water Company public water supply well is located less than a mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals including arsenic are present in
the soil. The groundwater is contaminated with low levels of heavy metals and VOCs.
Contaminants in the groundwater are not conclusively linked to the landfill. VOCs from
the landfill may be evaporating into the air. The contaminated groundwater and soil
could pose a health hazard to individuals through direct contact or accidental ingestion.
Bottled water is available to nearby residents, as use of water from contaminated wells
may represent a health threat. Access to the site is unrestricted.
81 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State completed an investigation in 1990 to determine the extent and
nature of the contamination. The results of the investigation were used in selecting the
cleanup actions to be implemented. The chosen cleanup remedies include placing an
impermeable cap over the landfill; installing a landfill gas control system along with a groundwater
monitoring system; and fencing and deed restrictions to limit access to the site. Cleanup activities
will begin once the design of the remedy is completed.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Delilah Road site while cleanup actions are being planned.
April 1991
82
DELILAH ROAD
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DENZER & SCHARER.'VSfo EPAREGIONZ
X-RAY COMPANY
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD046644407
Site Description
The 5-acre Denzer & Schafer X-Ray Company site is involved in the reclamation of silver from both
microfilm and X-ray negatives. Contamination occurred due to such practices as the discharge of
the stripping solutions to the sanitary septic system. Microfilm processing waste from a nearby
facility also may have been disposed of in the site's septic tanks. This means of disposal was used
from 1974 through 1981. Other identified sources of contamination included the stockpiling of
shredded and stripped film and, prior to 1974, the incineration of the film waste. The sanitary septic
tank currently is filled with sand. Waste materials that are generated now are disposed of off site.
The underlying Cohansey Aquifer is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The
aquifer supplies drinking water to residential and public water supply wells serving approximately
25,500 area residents. The site is near the coastline and close to Potters Creek and Barnegat Bay.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, chromium, lead,
and mercury, as well as VOCs including chloroform and toluene. Carbon disulfide and
vinyl acetate were detected in some sediment samples. Cadmium was the only chemical
detected at a significant concentration when sampling was conducted at 13 soil boring
locations. Potential risks exist for those who drink groundwater from contaminated wells.
83 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1987, the State initiated a site investigation to determine the extent of
groundwater contamination and other contaminants of concern. The study, scheduled to
be completed in 1992, will identify the extent of contamination at the site and also will
identify alternative technologies for the cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Denzer & Schafer X-Ray Company site while further
investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
April 1991
84
DENZER & SCHAFER X-RAY COMPANY
-------
DIAMOND AL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980528996
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Essex County
Newark
Other Names:
Diamond Shamrock Site
80 Lister Avenue Property
Site Description
The Diamond Alkali Co. site covers over 3 acres in Newark, adjacent to the Passaic River. The site
has been used for chemical manufacturing by numerous companies for more than 100 years. The
mid-1940s marked the beginning of the manufacturing operations related to the current site
conditions, including the production of DDT and phenoxy herbicides. The Diamond Alkali Co.
(later known as Diamond Shamrock), acquired the property in 1951 and produced various chemicals
and pesticides until 1969, when it was shut down. Subsequent owners remained on the property
until 1983, when EPA sampling at the site revealed high levels of dioxin. The area is both densely
populated and heavily industrialized. The municipal water is drawn from the Wanaque Reservoir,
roughly 35 miles from the site. Approximately 40,000 people live within 1 mile of the site; 367,000
people reside within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Dioxin has been detected in on-site monitoring wells. Other contaminants detected in
groundwater included volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, acetone,
and toluene and herbicides. Soil in areas where herbicide manufacturing took place are
contaminated with dioxin. Sediments in the Passaic River contain herbicides. Workers
involved in the cleanup and area residents, including children, may be at risk if direct
contact is made with contaminated soils. Individuals accidentally ingesting contaminated
soil or surface water also may be at risk, as may those using contaminated groundwater
for other uses. The Passaic River and fish and shellfish from the river may be threatened
by runoff from the site.
85
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The dioxin discovery led to the site being secured with a fence.
All exposed soils were covered with geofabric to prevent potential migration of
contamination, and guards were placed at the site. Dioxin-contaminated soils and debris
were removed by excavation, vacuuming, and other means, and were transferred to 120 Lister Ave.
for storage. This work was initiated by the EPA and the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection (NJDEP) in 1983 and taken over by the Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company in 1984
under a State enforcement order.
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected an interim remedy that relies on installation of a
cap over the site, construction of a slurry wall around the property, and pumping and
treating of groundwater to limit releases of hazardous substances. Periodic reevaluation of
the remedy will be made, and it will be supplemented by additional actions as necessary. The parties
potentially responsible for the contamination are in the process of designing the cleanup plans.
Cleanup is expected to begin in 1993, when the design of the remedy is scheduled for completion.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State and Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company entered into two
Administrative Orders on Consent, one for the completion of the immediate response work and one
for an investigation to determine the extent of site contamination and to identify possible alternatives
for the cleanup. A Consent Decree was filed in 1989 between Chemical Land Holdings, Occidental
Chemical Corporation, the State, and the EPA requiring the potentially responsible parties to
undertake final cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
Securing the site, covering the soils, and removing the contaminated soil and debris greatly reduced
the potential for individuals to have contact with the contaminated materials while design of the
cleanup actions are underway at the Diamond Alkali Co. site.
April 1991 86 DIAMOND ALKALI CO.
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DOVER MUNICIPA
WELL 4
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980654131
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Morris County
Dover
The Township of Dover Water Commission in Morris County owns Municipal Well 4. This well
provided drinking water for the municipality until it was taken out of service in 1980 because of
contaminated groundwater. The contaminants, first detected in 1980, are halogenated organic
solvents. The source of the contamination is unknown. The New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) is investigating the site. Approximately 32,000 people living
within 3 miles of the site are affected by the contamination in the groundwater.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Halogenated organic solvents including trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and
dichloroethylene have been detected in the groundwater. The contaminated groundwater
could pose a health hazard to individuals if it is ingested.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
87
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the contamination conducted
studies at their own facilities to determine if they are a source for the contamination of
the Dover Municipal Well 4. The State currently is conducting investigations at the
site to evaluate the nature and extent of the contamination. When these studies are completed in
1993, final cleanup actions will be recommended and remedy selections will be made.
Site Facts: The NJDEP identified two parties potentially responsible for the contamination.
An Administrative Consent Order was signed between NJDEP and the two parties; however, the
NJDEP broke off negotiations with the potentially responsible parties after they refused to pay
for investigative work performed by the State to evaluate the level of contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Dover Municipal Well 4 site to the NPL, the EPA performed a preliminary
evaluation and determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the public, providing
they do not drink or use water from this well. Further investigations leading to the discovery of
the source of the contamination and the permanent cleanup remedies currently are underway.
April 1991 88 DOVER MUNICIPAL WELL 4
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El I 1C /Xl ASY EPA REGION 2
tl"1"1*^ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980529085
Burlington County
Evesham Township
Site Description
The Ellis Property covers 36 acres in Evesham Township. The site, once used for drum-recycling
operations, consists of a large two-story building housing several washing tanks and troughs and 50
to 75 drums, many full; three sheds containing drums of various sizes and full chemical containers;
and an area adjacent to the sheds containing about one hundred 55-gallon plastic drums, most of
which still contain some acid liquid. Several hundred drums are spread haphazardly around the site,
and there are many spills. The site is surrounded by cultivated fields. Sharps Run, an intermittent
stream, is less than a mile to the south. Groundwater and surface water are suspected of being
contaminated with acids. The Englishtown Aquifer underlies the site, with other aquifers about 300
feet below. Groundwater in the vicinity serves as a drinking water source for 900 homes and for the
irrigation of farmland. There are about 20 potable wells within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Approximately 3,500 people live within a 3-mile radius of the Ellis Property. The nearest residence
is about 2,500 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments and soils on site have been contaminated with heavy metals including
chromium and lead. Monitoring wells have shown that the groundwater is contaminated
with trichloroethylene (TCE) and heavy metals. The surface water has the potential to be
contaminated with heavy metals. Contaminated soil and groundwater could pose a health
hazard if accidentally ingested. There are drainage ditches on the site that could carry
contaminants to a wetland and to Sharps Creek. Within 3 miles downstream of the site,
the surface water is reportedly used for recreation. A housing development is being
planned that will use groundwater for a drinking water supply.
89 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
removed some drums and contaminated soil from the site. In 1987, two farm buildings on
site were demolished, and the area affected by acids was neutralized by the EPA. At the
same time, some drums on site were removed, and the rest were stored on site. In 1990, the last of
the drums and contaminated materials were removed.
Entire Site: The State is conducting an investigation to determine the exact nature and
extent of the contamination. The results of the investigation, expected in 1992, will be
used by the EPA to evaluate and select final cleanup alternatives.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated drums, soils, and materials, as well as the other actions described
above, have made the Ellis Property site safer while the investigations leading to the selection of a
final cleanup remedy are taking place.
April 1991 90 ELLIS PROPERTY
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EVOR PHILLIPS .„
Middlesex County
Old Bridge Township
«&iY*8Si.*:S£;.&« v-itimr V^^, I
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980654222
t:»:-j^ \. \ Y ^ I *
EPL Industries
Site Description
The Evor Phillips Leasing (EPL) site covers 6 acres in Old Bridge Township. A State investigation
conducted in 1982 found between 4,000 and 5,000 drums containing explosive chemicals buried at
the site. EPL has no equipment for containing the drums of waste, and the area is unlined, enabling
contaminants to migrate through the soil, groundwater, and surface water. The area surrounding the
site is used for hunting and fishing. However, there has been no evidence that game or fish have
become contaminated.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including dichloroethane and trichloroethylene
(TCE) and heavy metals such as copper, nickel, and zinc have contaminated the
groundwater. The soil is contaminated with VOCs and phthalates, a plastics by-product.
Since access to the EPL site is possible, trespassers, on-site workers, and children may be
exposed to potential health hazards. Direct contact with or accidental ingestion of
contaminated soil and groundwater pose a health threat. Municipal well data confirms
the presence of site-related contaminants in the groundwater. All well water samples
exceeded the EPA's and the State of New Jersey's water quality criteria for heavy metals.
It is possible that leaching of on-site contaminants into the underlying aquifer is
occurring and is causing contamination of drinking water wells.
91 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the State excavated 30 to 40 drums and removed them from the
site; 4,000 to 5,000 drums remain buried on site.
Entire Site: The State is conducting a study focused on identifying the sources of
contamination on site and determining the nature and extent of the contamination of the
groundwater. The results of this study are expected in 1991. The EPA will review the
cleanup alternatives and will select the best remedy for the site.
Site Facts: Under an Administrative Order on Consent, signed between the State and several
potentially responsible parties, the parties agreed to contribute funds for a thorough investigation of
the site.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has determined that while site studies are taking place the site does not pose an immediate
threat to the surrounding community or the environment. Until final cleanup is complete, the EPA
will ensure the safety of the public and environment, and will continue to monitor the site to ensure
that the wastes at the Evor Phillips Leasing site do not migrate to surrounding areas.
April 1991 92 EVOR PHILLIPS LEASING
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EWAN PROPERTY
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980761365
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Burlington County
Wallingford Way, Shamong Township
Other Names:
Shamong Township Drum Dump
The Ewan Property consists of 43 heavily wooded acres in Shamong Township. The site, which
includes a contaminated groundwater plume, is located within the Central Pine Barrens portion of
the New Jersey Pinelands. Two areas of industrial waste disposal were suspected during initial site
studies. Area A, consisting of 9 acres, is the area of concern. Site investigations revealed that
during the early to mid-1970s, from 500 to 8,000 drums containing hazardous industrial wastes were
emptied or buried in trenches, and the trenches subsequently were backfilled with soil. Soil and
groundwater sampling indicate the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatiles,
and metals. It is estimated that Area A has 4,500 cubic yards of highly contaminated waste material
and 29,500 cubic yards of moderately contaminated soil. The property is surrounded by forest,
agricultural land, and residential areas. Private residences are provided domestic water from wells as
close as a mile downstream from the site. Approximately 330 people live in the area and are served
by individual domestic water wells. The groundwater is used not only for domestic purposes, but
also for irrigation of croplands. Adjacent to the site is an intermittent stream. The Pinelands area is
a major groundwater recharge area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
A plume of contaminated groundwater that is 760 feet long, 600 feet wide, and 30 feet
deep is contaminated with VOCs including acetone and benzene and the heavy metals
chromium and aluminum. Two aquifers below the site are hydraulically linked. The
groundwater under the site flows in a southerly direction. Monitoring wells both on and
off site detected contaminants in the groundwater. Soil also is contaminated with VOCs
and heavy metals. Drinking the contaminated groundwater could pose a health threat.
The New Jersey Pinelands, a sensitive ecosystem and major groundwater recharge area,
is threatened by site contaminants.
93
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
directed at removal of the buried drums and cleanup of the soil and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: At the EPA's direction, a potentially responsible party installed a
security fence in 1988 to keep trespassers and children away from contaminants at the site.
Buried Drums: The EPA has selected the cleanup methods to be used to remove
contaminated materials and buried drums from the site. These methods include: (1)
construction of an area for waste identification, grouping, and storage; (2) excavation of
wastes; (3) collection and grouping of waste materials with off-site incineration of all appropriate
wastes; (4) temporary on-site storage and assessment of non-incinerable wastes to determine proper
treatment/disposal methods; and (5) monitoring air and groundwater during the cleanup activities.
The potentially responsible parties began the design of the technical specifications for this work in
1989. Once the design phase is completed, cleanup work will begin.
Soil and Groundwater: In 1989, the cleanup plan for contaminated soil and
groundwater was chosen by the EPA. Soil cleanup, which includes excavation of
contaminated soil and treatment to remove contaminants by solvent extraction and soil
washing, will be followed by placement of the treated soils back onto the site. For the contaminated
groundwater, the chosen remedy is to collect, treat, and reinject the treated groundwater into the
aquifer. After completion of these measures, the cleanup plan calls for restoration of the disposal
areas and appropriate environmental monitoring. Once the design of the cleanup remedy is
completed, cleanup work will begin.
Site Facts: The EPA has identifed and notified approximately 30 potentially responsible parties.
Seventeen parties have been ordered to remove contaminated materials and buried drums.
Environmental Progress
Installation of a security fence has reduced the potential for contact with contaminants while the
chosen remedies are in the design and review stage. The EPA has determined that the Ewan
Property site does not pose a threat to the surrounding community or the environment while it awaits
final cleanup actions.
April 1991 94 EWAN PROPERTY
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Site Description
FAA TFPHIMirAi '^*\ /SL/ EPAREGIONZ
rA-U-l I C.VrrilVIVrJ-lfl- _ * CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Atlantic County
8 miles northwest of Atlantic City
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJ9690510020
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center site covers an area of approximately
5,000 acres on a site northwest of Atlantic City. The site borders the Garden State Parkway in
southeastern New Jersey. Installations on the site include the Atlantic City International Airport, a
New Jersey Air National Guard Station, and extensive FAA facilities. Activities at the site started in
1942 with the construction of a Naval air base. In late 1958, the FAA, then known as the Airways
Modernization Board, took over the operation and has used the facility as an airport and aviation
safety research center. In 1984, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
contracted for an assessment of pollution sources that could affect the then-proposed Atlantic City
Municipal Well Field, to be located on the north shore of the Upper Atlantic City Reservoir, within
the FAA Technical Center boundaries. This investigation identified five areas as posing a threat to
the proposed well field: the Salvage Area (Area 20A), where scrap materials and drums of
hazardous waste oils and solvents were stored; the Fuel Mist Test Facility (Area 27), where jet fuels
were sprayed and burned to test the anti-misting properties of certain fuel additives; the Fire
Training Area (Area 29), where fuel fire testing and fire training exercises were conducted; the
Avgas Fuel Farm and Photo Lab (Area 41), where leaks from underground storage tanks, discharge
of photographic lab wastes, and spillage of fuels may have occurred; and the Abandoned Navy
Landfill (Area 56), an area south of the main runway, used as a landfill by the Navy. The FAA also
has identified additional areas to the NJDEP and the EPA that may affect the environment. Atlantic
City's municipal water supply is provided by nine groundwater supply wells located just north of the
Upper Atlantic City Reservoir on FAA property, as well as by water drawn directly from the
Atlantic City Reservoirs. The reservoirs are fed by the North and South Branches of Doughty's Mill
Stream, which cross portions of the Technical Center grounds. An estimated 68,000 people obtain
drinking water from the Atlantic City Reservoirs.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/13/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including tetrachloroethylene, dichloroethylene,
benzene, and toluene are present in groundwater at three areas on site, and elevated levels
of cadmium and chromium were found in groundwater at the Abandoned Navy Landfill
(Area 56). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and VOCs were detected in soils in the
drum storage areas of the Building 206 Salvage Yard and at the location of two
95 April 1991
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underground waste oil tanks near the southwestern corner of Building 206. Although the Atlantic
City municipal wells are not contaminated, a potential health threat exists if pollutants migrate to the
wells. People who accidentally ingest contaminated soil may suffer adverse health effects.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in 11 stages: initial actions and 10 long-term remedial phases focusing
on cleanup of the various areas of contamination and the groundwater at the site. Additional cleanup
phases may be designated in the future as site studies continue.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1989, PCB-contaminated soil and a contaminated cement pad were
removed from the Transformer Storage Area.
Jet Fuel Farm: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the jet fuel in the soil
and groundwater by excavating the contaminated soil and treating it by incineration in a
cement kiln, and in-situ biotreatment of groundwater. The design of the technical
specifications is planned to be completed in 1991.
Salvage Yard Soil and Groundwater: Under EPA monitoring, the FAA will remove
contaminated soil to an off-site rotary kiln for incineration to destroy contaminants.
Groundwater will be extracted and cleaned with an air stripping technology. Design of the
site-specific cleanup technologies began in 1990, with completion expected in 1992.
Fire Training Area: The investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the
fire training area is expected to be completed in 1991. A plan outlining the EPA's
preferred cleanup strategy will be presented upon completion of the investigation.
Other Areas: Investigations to determine the nature and extent of contamination are
underway at several other areas at the FAA Technical Center Site. As a result of the initial
action described above, no further action is required at the Transformer Storage Area.
Based on the results of investigations at other areas, additional cleanup phases, as well as specific
cleanup alternatives, may be recommended.
Site Facts: An Interagency Agreement between the EPA and the FAA is expected to be signed in
1991.
Environmental Progress
Initial actions have removed PCB-contaminated soils and limited the potential for exposure to
hazardous wastes. Remedy designs for groundwater and additional soil contamination are nearing
completion while investigations are being conducted at the remaining contamination areas of the
FAA Technical Center site.
April 1991 96 FAA TECHNICAL CENTER
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EPA ID# NJD980654107
Site Description
FAIR LAWN Sl^^VS^ EPA REGION 2
I mn u-ivviv N^^ , ;> CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
WELL FIELD
NEW JERSEY
The Fair Lawn Well Field site contains three municipal wells that supply drinking water to the
32,000 residents of Fair Lawn. In 1978, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in
municipal supply wells located within and adjacent to the Fairlawn Industrial Park. These wells
were removed from the municipal system shortly after contamination was discovered. Fisher
Scientific Company and Sandvik, Inc. have been identified as contributing sources to groundwater
contamination. The site is bounded on three sides by the remaining industries of Fairlawn Industrial
Park, and there are several residences within 300 feet of the site. There are no private wells in the
vicinity of the site. However, there are public water supply wells nearby.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through IYPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal, State and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
VOCs were detected in groundwater contributing to the public drinking water supply.
Soils on the site also are contaminated with VOCs including benzene and toluene. Few
potential threats to individuals exist, since the contaminated wells were taken out of
service. However, accidental ingestion or direct contact with contaminated groundwater
or soil may pose a health threat.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the Sandvik Facility and the Fisher Scientific Facility.
97 April! 991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the potentially responsible parties removed contaminated
soil from the site and, in 1987, installed air strippers to treat the well fields.
Sandvik Facility: Under State monitoring, Sandvik conducted a limited investigation of
its facility. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) is
negotiating with Sandvik to conduct additional investigations at its facility.
Fisher Scientific Facility: Fisher Scientific conducted a limited investigation of its
facility, under monitoring by the State. Fisher has installed a trench to collect
contaminated groundwater for discharge to a publicly owned water treatment works;
however, groundwater is not currently being discharged to a wastewater treatment facility due to
permitting issues.
Site Facts: In 1984, an Adminstrative Order was signed by Sandvik and the State for the company
to conduct a site investigation. An Administrative Order also was signed in 1986 by Fisher
Scientific's parent company, Allied Signal, and the State for investigations, contaminated soil
removal activities, and construction of a groundwater collection system.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions described above have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated groundwater and soil at the Fair Lawn Well Field site while further investigations
and cleanup activities are taking place. The wells currently are being treated to remove
contaminants and to ensure that the public is provided with a safe drinking water supply.
April 1991 98 FAIR LAWN WELL FIELD
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I AND 5>A> EPA REGION 2
LMIMU ,, CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Site Description
RECONTOURING
v *fs~^ Mansfield, and Springfield
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980529143
The Florence Land Recontouring (FLR) Landfill is a 60-acre site that contains a 29-acre landfill,
two lagoons, a pond, and two tanks. The FLR Landfill was operated as a municipal solid waste
disposal facility from 1973 until late 1981, and the State licensed it to accept sanitary and non-
chemical industrial wastes. In 1975, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) investigated chemical waste disposal at the site and found that 95 tons of hazardous waste
consisting of phthalates, heavy metals, and vinyl chloride monomers were illegally disposed of at
the site. Elevated levels of hazardous substances were discovered in soils and groundwater within
the landfill. However, results of sampling and analysis of off-site wells over the past 9 years have
shown that water quality is within health standards. Approximately 4,500 people live within a 3-
mile radius of the site. The area surrounding the site is primarily mixed agriculture and residential.
The site is bordered by land purchased by Burlington County for a new 600-acre solid waste
management facility and by Assiscunk Creek, a tributary to the Delaware River, which is used for
recreation and irrigation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including methylene chloride and vinyl chloride and the heavy metals arsenic, chromium,
and lead. The leachate is contaminated with VOCs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs). The residents in the area using the groundwater for domestic purposes could be
exposed should the contaminants migrate from the landfill into the wells. Exposure
through direct contact appears minimal, since the contamination is below the landfill cap.
The cleanup workers and those who trespass on the landfill are at particular risk,
especially during activities which may disturb the landfill cap. The workers may be
exposed to contaminants through direct contact with the soils and groundwater, inhalation
of VOCs and other gases typically produced in landfills by biological degradation of
refuse, and the accidental ingestion of soil or groundwater.
99 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: In 1982, a clay cover was placed on the landfill during closure. A
leachate collection system was installed, and the resulting leachate was placed into two
lagoons constructed on another section of the property. The leachate lagoons were
surrounded by a 5-foot-high fence with barbed wire around the top. Carbon adsorption filters were
placed on top of the six leachate collection system manholes to collect the VOCs and to control
odors.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA chose the following methods to clean up the site: (1)
construction of a synthetic membrane and clay composite cap, a perimeter soil/Bentonite
slurry wall, an upstream groundwater interceptor system, and a new stormwater
management system; (2) leachate treatment and disposal at a municipal wastewater treatment facility
or the Burlington County Solid Waste Complex, gas collection, and treatment; (3) removal and
disposal of lagoon liquids and sediments and other surface debris; (4) construction of a partial fence
with warning signs; and (5) supplemental sampling of groundwater, surface water, and sediments
during the design phase. The technical specifications and design for the cleanup were completed in
early 1991. While the installation of the security fence is the only activity completed to date, the
other cleanup activities are underway and are scheduled for completion in 1992.
Site Facts: In January 1979, a Consent Order to alleviate and control further contamination was
issued by the New Jersey Superior Court. Subsequent enforcement action by the NJDEP was
necessitated by the lack of adherence to the terms of the Consent Order. In July 1981, Florence Land
Recontouring, Inc. submitted a final closure plan, and operations terminated in November 1981.
Environmental Progress
By placing a clay cover over the landfill, installing a leachate collection system, and fencing around
the leachate lagoons, the site has been made safer for the surrounding community while the cleanup
activities continue.
April 1991 100 FLORENCE LAND RECONTOURING LANDFILL
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FORT DIX
(LANDFILL SITE)
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID#NJ2210020275
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Burlington County
Pemberton
Other Names:
U.S. Army Training Center (USATC)
The 126-acre Fort Dix (Landfill Site) operated as a sanitary landfill from 1950 until 1984. The U.S.
Army's Fort Dix Military Reservation and McGuire Air Force Base used the landfill. Wastes from
these bases were buried in a series of parallel trenches, which were covered with native soil that had
been removed when the trench was excavated. Some of the types of waste disposed of in the landfill
included sludges, waste paints and thinners, and pesticides. Cannon Run and an unnamed stream are
located near the landfill and flow into Rancocas Creek. A hardwood swamp also is located near the
landfill. The site is surrounded by woods and dense vegetation. Wooded areas around the landfill
are open to the public during the hunting season. Unauthorized recreational activities such as dirt
biking occur near the site. An estimated 5,000 people live in military housing about 4,000 feet
upstream of the landfill. Approximately 500 people live in Pemberton Township, which is 4,000
feet from the landfill, and 7,300 residents are served by domestic wells within 3 miles of the landfill.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water are contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) as well as heavy metals including manganese, lead, and cadmium.
Potential threats to health include drinking and direct contact with contaminated
groundwater and the hardwood swamp surface water. However, no potable water supply
wells are threatened by the groundwater contamination. There is also a potential health
risk associated with ingesting contaminated plants and animals from the swamp.
101
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the landfill and
the disposal and spill areas.
Response Action Status
Landfill: The Army completed a records search and began groundwater sampling around
the landfill. In 1987, the Army completed its investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. Based on the results of the investigation, the Army proposed to
cap the landfill and monitor groundwater over a 30-year period. A formal decision to implement
these remedies is expected in 1991.
Disposal and Spill Areas: The Army identified 21 past disposal and spill areas
potentially contaminated with hazardous wastes. Additionally, an investigation
recommended that the EPA conduct a study of 10 additional areas of the site to determine
the nature and extent of contamination. The subsequent investigation and recommendations for final
cleanup alternatives are planned to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: Fort Dix is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded
program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and
control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities. In 1985, the
EPA, the State, and the Army signed an Administrative Order on Consent. The DoD agreed to
investigate the contamination at the site and to define the contaminants and recommend alternatives
for final cleanup.
Environmental Progress
Upon listing the site on the NPL, the EPA performed an initial assessment and determined that the
Fort Dix Landfill site does not pose an immediate threat to nearby residents or the environment while
studies leading to final cleanup are underway.
April 1991 102 FORT DIX LANDFILL
-------
Site Description
PDIPH IMni IQTRIF<^:*W^SoAX/ EPA REGION 2
FRIED IIMUUb I Klt^^^T^CONGRESSIONALDIST. 12
NEW JERSEY S:,<&2£&C0~) , Middlesex County
•^»-ww Wtal •»•»•- • ^' ",;"" y \^ ^^ j East Brunswick Township
EPA ID# NJD041828906
Fried Industries manufactures floor finishing products, detergent solutions, and other cleaning
products on this site in East Brunswick Township. Also, the facility has been leased at times to a
manufacturer of automotive antifreeze. In 1983, the EPA found that hazardous wastes were
improperly stored on site and that the soil was contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and copper. In a limited excavation, the EPA found deteriorated buried drums. There is a
strong potential for the site to contaminate the groundwater and surface water. In 1985, Phillip
Fried, president of the firm, notified the Middlesex County Department of Health (MCDH) that the
facility's holding tank was full and in danger of overflowing. At the request of the MCDH, the EPA
conducted a site visit. Samples of the process waste tank and the septic holding tank on site
indicated the presence of hydrocarbons. There was evidence that the tanks already had overflowed
to a drainage ditch entering Bog Brook and Mill Pond, which flows to Lawrence Brook, a tributary
of the Raritan River. Also, seepage into the ground threatened the underlying aquifer.
Approximately 25,000 people live within a 3/4-mile radius. The Fried Industries site is used as a
local park by many of the area's residents.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including chloroform, benzene, and vinyl
chloride. The soil is contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including mercury and
copper. Contaminated groundwater and soil, if accidentally ingested or through direct
contact, could adversely affect the health of individuals. Also, there is concern that Bog
Brook, Mill Pond, Lawrence Brook, Farrington Lake Reservoir, and the adjoining
wetlands may be contaminated.
103 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Approximately 7,000 gallons of process and septic wastes were
pumped from the tanks and transported for treatment to the Middlesex County Utilities
Authority and Perk Chemical Company. The Town of East Brunswick provided hookups
to a public water supply to residences with contaminated wells. An immediate action was approved
in 1989 to remove approximately 800 drums and containers from the site. A fence was installed, and
a security guard was posted while the drum removal, expected to be completed in late 1991, is
underway.
Entire Site: The EPA currently is conducting an investigation to determine the nature
and extent of the contamination including: (1) a soil gas survey to delineate any
contaminant plume and to locate areas of elevated contamination; (2) a geophysical
survey to further define any contaminant plume, as well as the locations of buried drums and fill
areas; (3) a sampling of surface and buried drums, repacking of leaking drums, and placement of all
drums in a secured area on site; (4) a survey and sampling of selected off-site residential wells to
delineate any subsurface migration of site-related contaminants; (5) a delineation of Fried Industries
property boundaries and on-site wetlands; and (6) an air monitoring program to determine potential
contaminant migration off the Fried Industries site. The EPA has determined that additional studies
are needed and is developing a work plan for the second phase of studies. Upon completion of site
studies in early 1992, cleanup alternatives will be proposed.
Site Facts: The site owner was informed that the EPA would conduct an investigation on site to
determine the extent and the nature of the site contamination. In 1986, the owner voluntarily
suspended further operations on site after the overflow of contaminated water. The site owner was
asked to leave the site premises and did so in 1989.
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous liquids, the provision of an uncontaminated public water supply, and
securing the site have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Fried
Industries site while studies leading to the selection of final cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 104 FRIED INDUSTRIES
-------
FRIEDMAN PROP
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID* NJD980532832
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Monmouth County
Upper Freehold Township
Other Names:
Thiokol Corp Site
The 3-acre Friedman Property is an open, vacant lot with scrub vegetation. Drums and liquids were
dumped into a ditch at the site in the late 1950s and 1960s. Groundwater underlying this abandoned
site was suspected to contain a number of contaminants. The Friedman Property was one of four
priority NPL sites within a 2-mile radius. The site is in a rural area with scattered residences,
commercial facilities, and several trailer parks, all dependent on local groundwater as the source of
drinking water. The site is bordered by an unnamed tributary to Lahaway Creek, a single-family
residential property, and routes 537 and 539.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal
and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 03/07/86
Threats and Contaminants
Although groundwater samples showed very low levels of creosotes and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), a groundwater plume could not be defined. After extensive
investigations, the EPA has determined that the low levels of compounds in the
groundwater do not pose a threat to human health or the environment
105
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA determined the Friedman Property site did not require
long-term cleanup actions to address the low-level residual contamination detected at the
site. The EPA, however, has required annual monitoring of on-site wells for a five-year
period to ensure that groundwater remains within safe levels. The New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) is performing the monitoring and soon will be submitting the
sampling results to the EPA. The EPA recommended that the State request local authorities to place
deed restrictions on future uses of the property.
Site Facts: In 1982, the EPA asked the potentially responsible party, the Morton Thiokol
Corporation, to carry out an investigation to determine the nature and the extent of the contamination
at the site. In 1983, the company submitted a proposal to the EPA for the investigation. The
proposal was rejected by the EPA, and the NJDEP decided to carry out the investigation. The result
of the State's investigations led to the EPA's decision to delete the site from the NPL.
Environmental Progress
After conducting extensive site investigations, the EPA has determined that the low levels of
contaminants do not pose threats to nearby residents at the Friedman Property site or the
environment and has deleted the site from the NPL.
April 1991 106 FRIEDMAN PROPERTY
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<5TATF -«$>?&*«!) EPA REGION 2
& I A 1 1 X *» CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
CLEANERS CO.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD053280160
Site Description
Garden State Cleaners Co. is a commercial dry cleaning facility that has been operating since 1966.
It is located approximately 500 feet south of the South Jersey Clothing Company site, which also is
on the NPL. In an investigation of Garden State Cleaners (GSC) in 1984, the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection detected high levels of the volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in soil below a steam discharge pipe.
Off-site monitoring wells downstream of GSC and South Jersey Clothing contain large quantities of
VOCs, which has forced some residential private wells to close and the Borough to construct a new
municipal water supply system. Approximately 9,000 people live in this mixed residential and
commercial area. They obtain drinking water and irrigate 3,800 acres of farmland from wells within
3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL L|STING HISTORY
Federal actions.
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/30/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with VOCs including PCE and TCE. Use of
contaminated groundwater for domestic purposes and agricultural irrigation may pose a
health threat as a result of drinking or direct contact with contaminants.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
107 April 1991
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA currently is conducting an investigation to determine the nature
and extent of contamination on the entire site and to identify alternatives for cleanup. All
field work has been completed. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the Garden State Cleaners site while further studies
leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
April 1991
108
GARDEN STATE CLEANERS CO.
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LANDFILL ( \/>>. EPA REGION 2
LMIMUTILL r V/>\ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
NEW JERSEY \° tt£3J Camden County
IHft-vv vn_in-»i_ i v -^^ Gloucester Township
EPA ID# NJD980529192
Other Names:
Gems/Amadei
Amadei Landfill
Gloucester Environmental Manufacturing
Services Landfill
Site Description
The 60-acre GEMS Landfill site has been owned by Gloucester Township from the late 1950s to the
present. During this time, the landfill has been operated by various parties as a disposal site for
solid, liquid, and hazardous wastes and substances. Records indicate that a variety of industrial
wastes including asbestos, solvents, and other materials were disposed of at the GEMS site between
1970 and 1979. In 1980, sludge from the City of Philadelphia's northeast wastewater treatment
facility was disposed of at the site. Analyses of the sludge revealed the presence of pesticides. The
State closed the landfill in 1980. Scattered industrial and recreational areas are adjacent to the site.
The closest residences are approximately 300 feet from the landfill. Approximately 6,000 people
live within a mile of the site, and 38,000 people live within a 3-mile radius. Holly Run and Briar
Lake are near the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are evaporating into the atmosphere and are
significantly degrading air quality. VOCs and heavy metals have been detected in the
Cohansey and Mt. Laurel/Wenonah Aquifers. VOCs, lead, ammonia, and benzoic acid
have been detected in off-site surface soils. On-site leachate and soil have been
contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium and lead, and VOCs including
methylene chloride and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Leachate from the site also is contaminating Holly Run and Briar Lake. Potential health
risks exist for individuals who make direct contact with or ingest contaminated
groundwater, surface water, or soil. A wetland west of the site has been affected by
contaminated leachate flowing from the landfill.
109 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA removed debris from the site, constructed a
fence, and took other measures to prevent residents from coming in contact with wastes in
the area.
Entire Site: The EPA selected the following remedy to clean up the site: (1)
constructing a landfill cap and regrading existing landfill side slopes; (2) installing an
active gas collection and treatment system, a groundwater pump and treatment system, and
surface water controls; (3) implementing a monitoring program; and (4) relocating and isolating
Holly Run and installing limited runoff controls. In addition, the potentially affected homes will be
connected to the existing public water supply system. The potentially responsible parties have
begun final cleanup activities at the site, and completion is scheduled for 1992. The pump and treat
system will then be constructed, with operation and maintenance continuing after the remedies are
completed in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1981, a suit was instituted by the State to compel compliance with operation and
closure regulations. Complex litigation involves the Township, the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP), the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, and a number of
potentially responsible generators and transporters. The EPA sent Notice Letters in 1983 and 1985
to the parties potentially responsible for site contamination to provide them the opportunity to
perform cleanup actions. In 1987, the EPA sent Notice Letters to over 120 potentially responsible
parties to provide them the opportunity to implement or fund the cleanup actions. In 1988, NJDEP
issued a Directive and Notice to Insurers to 131 respondents and 71 insurance companies directing
them to proceed with the cleanup. As a result of an EPA Unilateral Administrative Order and the
State directives, potentially responsible parties have undertaken cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of debris, construction of a fence, and the ongoing long-term cleanup activities
described above have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the GEMS
Landfill site while cleanup activities are being completed.
April 1991 110 GEMS LANDFILL
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GLEN RIDGE iWH^tSrJv EPAREGION2
\3I_I_IV niL/VJt. 17 i^a&l/ )¥~f/ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
RADIUM SITE
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980785646
Site Description
The 90-acre Glen Ridge Radium Site includes 306 properties on residential land. The soil at the site
is contaminated with radioactive waste materials suspected to have originated from nearby radium
processing facilities that operated in the 1920s. Subsequently, houses were constructed on or near
the radium waste disposal areas. Some of the radium-contaminated soil was used as fill in the low-
lying areas, and some was mixed with cement for sidewalks and foundations. More than 300,000
cubic yards of contaminated soil are scattered on public and private properties within portions of
three communities. In 1983, the State identified a number of homes with high levels of radon gas
and radon decay products, as well as excessive levels of indoor and outdoor gamma radiation. This
site is similar to the nearby Montclair/West Orange Radium site, which also contains radium-
contaminated soils from the same sources. Cleanup remedies will address both sites.
Approximately 300 homes were identified as being affected by radium-contaminated soil, radon, or
gamma radiation. Approximately 41,000 people live within 1 mile of the site, and 289,000 live
within 3 miles.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 02/01/85
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with radium. Radium decays to radon gas, which is emitted into
the air. Some properties on the site are contaminated with radium and exhibit excessive
levels of radon gas and gamma radiation. People who are exposed to the radium, radon,
and radon decay products may suffer from high rates of cancer. Accidental ingestion of
soil may cause adverse health effects. Vegetables grown in the contaminated soil also
may pose a health threat.
111 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: emergency actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the soil and structures, the groundwater, and the remaining properties.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, the EPA installed temporary radon ventilation systems
and gamma ray shielding in some of the affected houses. The EPA has since replaced the
original radon ventilation system with a sub-slab depressurization system. The gamma
radiation shielding remains in place.
Soil and Structures: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the soil and
structures, which includes: (1) excavating approximately 50,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and debris at the most extensively contaminated properties and
disposing of them in a licensed facility; (2) installing and maintaining indoor engineering controls at
less contaminated properties; (3) monitoring the site to ensure the effectiveness of the remedy; and
(4) continuing alternative treatment studies for future actions at the site. The EPA is designing the
technical specifications to clean up the soil and structures on the site. As portions of the design are
completed, the cleanup will begin in a phased manner. The first cleanup actions began in 1990.
Groundwater: The EPA is conducting a study to determine whether contaminants from
the soil have entered the groundwater. This investigation is scheduled for completion in
1992.
Remaining Properties: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy for the remaining
properties, as well as public access areas and streets. The remedy includes excavation and
off-site disposal of all radium-contaminated material from public and private properties;
environmental monitoring, as required, to ensure the effectiveness of the remedy; and the
continuation of treatment technology studies to reduce the volume of radium-contaminated material
for off-site disposal. Once the design of the selected remedy is completed, cleanup work will begin.
Site Facts: The Glen Ridge Radium site and the Montclair/West Orange Radium site are being
investigated simultaneously, and the cleanup remedies will address both areas.
Environmental Progress
By providing air treatment systems to protect affected residents from radioactive materials, the EPA
and the State have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to radioactive substances at the Glen
Ridge Radium Site while further studies and cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991
112
GLEN RIDGE RADIUM SITE
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GLOBAL SANIT
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD063160667
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Middlesex County
Old Bridge Township
The 60-acre Global Sanitary Landfill site was licensed by the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection to accept non-hazardous waste. The landfill borders Cheesquake Creek
Tidal Marsh on three sides. In 1984, after heavy rains, two consecutive high tides occurred in the
wetlands, and a portion of the southern side of the landfill collapsed and slid into the adjoining
wetlands. As a result, the State closed the landfill. In 1984, the State detected volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) seeping from the site into the wetlands. The State is overseeing an investigation
by the owners to locate approximately 100,000 drums containing paint, paint thinner, and various
solvents that may have been buried in the landfill from 1968 to 1977. Groundwater immediately
underneath the site has become contaminated by pollutants leaching from the landfill. The
Sayreville Water Company has five water supply wells within a mile of the site. Approximately
86,000 people depend on wells within 3 miles as their sole source of drinking water. The water
supplies for Sayreville, Lawrence Harbor, South Amboy, and Perth Amboy are threatened. Raritan
Bay is located 2 miles from the site and is used for recreational activities. Commercial fishing is
conducted in the area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Dale: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/30/89
Threats and Contaminants
An aquifer underneath the site is contaminated; however, the nature of the contamination
has not yet been fully identified. The leachate seeping from the landfill into the wetlands
contains VOCs including methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and
benzene. VOCs have seeped from the landfill into the Cheesquake Creek Tidal Marsh.
The contaminants may have a harmful effect on the wildlife inhabiting the wetlands area.
113
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on closure of the landfill and
cleanup of the groundwater, surface water, and the surrounding wetlands.
Response Action Status
Closure of the Landfill: In 1989, the State began investigations into the feasibility of
closing the landfill. These investigations are expected to be completed in late 1991, with
the final cleanup recommendation being selected at that time.
Groundwater, Surface Water, and Surrounding Wetlands: The State began
investigations into the extent of the contamination in the Cheesquake Creek Tidal Marsh
and the aquifer in 1990. Once the investigations are completed, scheduled for 1992, final
cleanup technologies will be selected by the EPA.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Global Landfill site while further studies are being
conducted.
April 1991 114 GLOBAL SANITARY LANDFILL
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GOOSE FARM
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980530109
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Ocean County
Plumsted Township
The 1 1/2-acre Goose Farm site was used as a hazardous waste disposal area from the mid-1940s to
the mid-1970s by a manufacturer of polysulfide rubber and solid rocket fuel propellant. The
majority of wastes were dumped into a pit dug through fine sand. Waste chemicals from
laboratories, drums, and bulk liquids were dumped into the pit. In 1980, the New Jersey Department
of Environmental Protection found that a contaminant plume that originated in the waste pit area had
migrated north toward a nearby stream. Soil also was found to contain volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). This site is within 2 miles of three other NPL sites: the Friedman Property, Pijack Farm,
and Spence Farm. Approximately 10 residences are located within 2,000 feet of the Goose Farm
site. An unnamed stream on the site flows into Lahaway Creek, a tributary of the Delaware River,
which is used for recreational activities. The site is adjacent to a forest.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs and arsenic. VOCs, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), phenols, arsenic, and zinc are contaminating the soil. The unnamed stream that
flows into Lahaway Creek is contaminated with methylene chloride. Leachate from the
pit contained various VOCs; however, the drums were removed and there is no longer
any leachate from the pit. Although surface water is not used as a source of drinking
water, it is used for irrigation of food crops. Contaminants may accumulate in the food
and pose a health hazard if consumed. The surface water is used for recreational
purposes and may be harmful if accidentally ingested. Wildlife in the area may be
affected by the pollutants. People who come in direct contact with or ingest the
contaminated groundwater or soil may suffer adverse health effects.
115
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1980, the EPA and the State installed a groundwater recovery
and treatment system. In addition, approximately 5,000 containers containing 9,000
gallons of bulked liquids were removed from the waste pit and disposed of off site in a
federally approved facility. About 3,500 tons of contaminated soil and 12 drums of PCB waste also
were disposed of off site.
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site that includes
flushing the contaminated soil and groundwater underneath the site. The groundwater will
be recovered using a well-point system and will be treated on site prior to being released
into the soil. Following this process, extensive testing will be conducted to determine if covering the
site is needed. Studies also will be conducted to measure the extent of PCB-contaminated soil and,
if necessary, the soil will be cleaned. As part of this remedy, in 1989, Morton-Thiokol excavated
PCB-contaminated soil from the pit and regraded the area. The company has conducted a field
investigation for the technical design of the groundwater flushing system cleanup. Once the design
of this remedy is completed, scheduled for late 1991, remaining cleanup activities will begin.
Site Facts: In 1988, the potentially responsible party, Morton-Thiokol, agreed to clean up the site
under a Consent Decree.
Environmental Progress
Removing the liquid and solid hazardous wastes and installing a groundwater treatment system have
greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Goose Farm site while final cleanup
activities are taking place.
April 1991 116 GOOSE FARM
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EPA ID# NJD980505366
Site Description
HP I FM KRAMFf^;«lla AX?N EPA REGION 2
HtLtN KKAMbHSI^ry CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
The Helen Kramer Landfill site encompasses a 90-acre refuse area with three leachate collection
ponds and an 11-acre stressed vegetation area. The landfill originally was operated as a sand and
gravel pit. The site became a landfill between 1963 and 1965, when landfilling occurred
simultaneously with sand excavation. Several types of wastes were deposited at the landfill,
including municipal wastes, septage, industrial wastes, and hospital wastes. Industrial wastes
included sludges, waste oils, solvents, chemical intermediates, pesticides, plastics, acids and bases,
heavy metals, catalysts, and paints and pigments. The bulk of these wastes were disposed of directly
into the landfill, not in containers. The State closed the landfill in 1981 because it exceeded
capacity. An underground fire at the site in 1981 burned for about 2 months, emitting noxious fumes
to surrounding areas. The aquifer underneath the site is contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Approximately 1,500 people live within a mile of the site;
10,000 people live within 3 miles. A farmhouse and several occupied trailers are located at or near
the site boundary. Groundwater provides drinking water for the area; surface water is used for
irrigation. Edwards Run, a tributary of Mantua Creek and the Delaware River, drains the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Dale: 07/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Air sampling in 1983 revealed high levels of VOCs including vinyl chloride, benzene,
and toluene. Sediments from on-site lagoons contain heavy metals such as arsenic and
cadmium, as well as various VOCs. The aquifer beneath the site and leachate from the
lagoons are contaminated with heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, lead, and
cadmium, as well as various VOCs. The soil and surface water at Edwards Run are
contaminated with VOCs. Gases released from the landfill could reach Center City and
pose a health threat to residents. Because nearby residents use public water supplies, the
likelyhood of exposure to groundwater contaminants is low. Pollution of surface water
may pose a health threat to people using the stream for recreation or fishing.
117 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site which includes: (1)
constructing a trench to collect the leachate seeps from the landfill; (2) covering the
landfill with a clay cap to prevent rain water from spreading the buried contaminants; (3)
injecting special materials to form a slurry wall encompassing the landfill to prevent groundwater
from moving into the contaminated area; (4) installing a gas collection and treatment system; (5)
constructing a fence around the site; (6) draining, excavating, and filling the leachate ponds and
lagoons; (7) controlling surface water movement on the site; (8) collecting and treating the
groundwater and leachate from the trench; and (9) monitoring the site to ensure the cleanup
measures are effective. Construction on the security fence has begun, and the site has been
surveyed. Groundbreaking for the slurry wall is scheduled for the fall of 1991, as is the installation
of the tanks at the treatment plant. The site cleanup is scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The State is pursuing the owner to properly close the landfill. The owner has filed for
bankruptcy. The EPA is seeking other parties that may be responsible for site contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
there were no immediate threats to human health or the environment while ongoing cleanup
activities are being completed at the Helen Kramer Landfill.
April 1991 118 HELEN KRAMER LANDFILL
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INC /&***& />>. EPA REGION 2
r liuvr. \ ,^-sm A A.CN CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
(GIBBSTOWN PLA
NEW JERSEY
Gloucester County
Gibbstown
EPA ID# NJD002349058 /^^ \ ( Other Names:
Higgin* Plant
Site Description
The 350-acre Hercules, Inc. (Gibbstown Plant) site operates as an organic hydroxide/peroxide
manufacturing facility. An unlined solid waste disposal area used by Hercules from 1952 to 1974,
and used by DuPont prior to 1952, is on the site. The companies disposed of solvents, acids, and
waste oils in two unlined disposal pits. In 1980, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted tests of the
aquifer underneath the site. The groundwater was found to be contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Hercules is located in an undeveloped area on the banks of the Delaware
River. Approximately 13,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. Area residents are
served by municipal water wells. Cronmell Creek runs through the site and discharges into the
Delaware River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
In some areas of the site, groundwater was found to be contaminated with benzene and
phenols. Lead also was detected in the groundwater. Soil was found to be contaminated
with VOCs and heavy metals including lead. Area residents are supplied with water by
municipal water wells that are not contaminated. However, if the contamination in the
aquifer migrates, these wells may be threatened. People who come in direct contact with
or accidentally ingest on-site hazardous wastes or contaminated soil may be at risk. If
pollutants leach from the disposal area into the surrounding wetlands or Cronmell Creek,
wildlife may be harmed.
19 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the solid waste
disposal area and cleanup of the process plant area.
Response Action Status
Solid Waste Disposal Area: Hercules, under State monitoring, is investigating the
extent of contamination in the solid waste disposal area. Eight monitoring wells have been
constructed in this area. Once the investigation is finished in 1992, measures to clean up
the disposal area will be recommended.
Process Plant Area: Hercules, under State monitoring, is treating contaminated
groundwater and is further investigating the contamination in and around the
manufacturing plant area. Once the investigation is completed in 1993, measures will be
recommended for cleanup of the manufacturing area.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent was issued by the State in 1986 to Hercules to
take responsibility for investigating the nature and extent of site contamination and to evaluate
cleanup alternatives for both areas.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations at the Hercules site
and determined that no immediate actions were required while studies leading to the selection of
final cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 120 HERCULES, INC.
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HIGGINS DISPOS
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD053102232
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Somerset County
North of Kingston
Other Names:
Laurel Avenue
The 38-acre Higgins Disposal site first was identified in 1981, when FMC Corporation reported to
the EPA that it had deposited approximately 61,000 cubic feet of wastes containing heavy metals,
organic solvents, and pesticides at the site in 1974. The owner had operated the unpermitted landfill
and transfer station since 1952. In 1982, the State directed the owner to cease acceptance and
disposal of solid waste and to remove the waste already at the facility. The hazardous waste area
consists of a pond, waste piles, aboveground drums and tanks, a landfill, and, possibly, buried
drums. The State discovered volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater and soil, as well
as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Approximately 2,000 private wells within 3 miles of the site
serve 8,000 people. Within a 3-mile radius are several farms producing fruits, vegetables, sod, and
animal feed. These farms do not use groundwater for irrigation but use streams and ponds that are
not considered to be threatened by contamination. A freshwater wetland is 300 feet away from the
site. The lagoon on site discharges into Dirty Brook, a tributary of the Delaware/Raritan Canal,
which is used for boating and fishing. The North Brunswick Township Water Department has a
drinking water intake located on the canal 6 miles downstream from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, sediments, and soil are contaminated with various VOCs. Because the
Delaware/Raritan Canal is used for recreation, people who have direct contact with or
accidentally ingest the water may be at risk. In addition, fish from the canal may be
harmful to human health if consumed. The soil on the site is permeable, which makes it
easy for contaminants to migrate. Comingn direct contact with or accidentally ingesting
the soil may pose a health hazard. The wetlands area is a habitat for nine endangered
species. Should pollutants seep into the wetlands, wildlife may suffer adverse effects.
121
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an inital action and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: As a result of the detection of VOCs, wells that contain pollutants have
been restricted for use. The homes within the well restriction area have been supplied with
a system to filter out contaminants.
Entire Site: The EPA has conducted many preliminary investigations, which led to this
site being placed on the NPL. The EPA will continue to study the extent of contamination
at the site. Work plans for site studies are under review by the EPA. Field work is
expected to begin in 1991. The results of these studies will be the basis for recommending measures
to clean up the site, expected in 1993.
Environmental Progress
The restrictions on the use of contaminated wells and the installation of filtering systems have
significantly reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants from the Higgins Disposal site while
further investigations are taking place.
April! 991
122
HIGGINS DISPOSAL
-------
Site Description
PARM ^ Ova) EPA REGION 2
I-AKIVI --\ ,/i/ CONGRESSIONALDIST.07
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD981490261
Other Names:
Route 518
The 74-acre Higgins Farm site consists of a drum burial dump, located in the northern pan of the
site, and a second area nearby suspected of being contaminated. The dump once contained 50
drums. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) discovered the dump
site in 1985 while conducting an investigation after the Franklin Township Health Department
reported levels of chlorobenzene in a nearby private well. The NJDEP informed the farm's owner of
State requirements relating to the excavation of buried drums, which then were removed in 1986.
Before being halted by the NJDEP for conducting these activities without prior authorization, an
estimated 10 drums were removed, crushed, and placed in a roll-off container. After proper
authorization, the owner located approximately 50 drums by probing the ground with a backhoe.
During excavation activities, drums were punctured and their contents spilled onto the ground.
Fluids were pumped from a pit where contaminants were stored before being transferred into a
holding tank. Visually contaminated soils were placed in roll-off containers, and approximately ten
drums were overpacked. The NJDEP sampled ten residential wells in the vicinity of the site in
1986, three of which exhibited volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination. In addition, a
subsequent investigation found soil in the area of the excavation pit to be contaminated with dioxins
and pesticides. The nearest well is located 120 feet from the drum burial dump.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/30/89
Indoor air located in the basement of a nearby residence is contaminated with VOCs
including toluene and xylene. Groundwater in private wells also is contaminated with
VOCs, while on-site soils are contaminated with pesticides and dioxins. The on-site
surface water located in the pond is contaminated with creosotes. Possible health threats
include being exposed to contaminants if coming into direct contact with site-related
contaminants. Area residents could be exposed to contaminants that have accumulated in
locally raised cattle. Residents, on-site workers, employees of the farm, hunters, and
trespassers could come into direct contact with contaminated soils. Carter's Brook, lying
2,000 feet to the east of the site, occasionally is visited by children. Because this creek
lies downslope of the site, it is possible that site-related contaminants could migrate into
it. Local residents use the Millstone River and the Delaware and Raritan Canal, located 2
miles south of the site, for such recreational purposes as fishing, boating, and swimming.
123 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and provision of an alternate water supply.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA authorized the delivery of bottled water to nearby
residents in 1987. The NJDEP installed carbon filter units on the wells of the affected
residents' homes in 1989. At that time, the EPA discontinued bottled water delivery. The
NJDEP will maintain the carbon treatment units. The following actions were taken by the EPA in
1987 to stabilize the site and to control the release of hazardous substances into the environment: (1)
a barn was constructed to house material that may be contaminated, including overpacked drums and
roll-off containers; (2) the excavation pit was drained, lined, and backfilled; (3) the pumped liquids
were treated and stored in a holding tank; and (4) the drum burial area was fenced to prevent access
by unauthorized persons.
Entire Site: The EPA investigated site contamination and the most effective methods to
clean up the entire site. Activities included: (1) conducting a survey to determine the rock
formations that exist under the site and to locate any drums that may be buried on site; (2)
conducting a soil gas survey to outline areas of potential contamination; (3) installing monitoring
wells to collect samples for chemical analysis; and (4) installing soil borings, a technique to analyze
soil contamination. The field work was completed in 1991. The EPA is evaluating the results of the
investigation.
Alternate Water Supply: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to provide a safe
drinking water supply. The remedy includes the design and construction of a water main
extension distribution system and connection to the existing water supply system,
operation and maintenance of existing carbon adsorption units, and continued sampling of wells.
These activities are expected to begin shortly.
Site Facts: The EPA notified the potentially responsible parties of their liability for cleanup
activities in 1988 and 1989 and offered them the opportunity to conduct or finance the investigation
of site contamination. These parties refused to undertake the investigation.
Environmental Progress
By providing a temporary water supply until a permanent alternative water source is connected to
residences, the EPA and the State eliminated immediate threats from contaminated groundwater at
the Higgins Farm site. Protective storage of hazardous materials and security fences will help
prevent contact with contaminants. The EPA will continue to protect the safety of nearby residents
while further investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup activities are being completed.
April 1991 124 HIGGINS FARM
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HOPKINS FARM
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980532840
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Ocean County
Plumsted Township
Other Names:
Thiokol Chemical Corporation
The 57-acre Hopkins Farm site is one of seven similar hazardous waste sites located within a 20-
square-mile area in Ocean and Monmouth counties. From 1962 to 1965, the Hopkins Farm site
allegedly was used by Thiokol Chemical Company for the disposal of drummed and bulk wastes.
Pesticides, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and heavy metals are among the contaminants found
on site. The site is in a wooded area immediately north of an active farm. The site is not fenced or
posted. The town nearest to the site is New Egypt, approximately 2 miles to the southwest. The Fort
Dix Military Reservation is approximately 3 miles to the south. There are three houses within 1,000
feet of the site, and approximately 760 people live within a 1-mile radius.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater underlying the area is contaminated with VOCs. The soil also is
contaminated with VOCs and the heavy metal antimony. The contaminated groundwater
and soil could adversely affect the health of individuals through direct contact or
accidental ingestion; however, no contamination of drinking water wells has been
detected.
125
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach _
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination started an investigation to determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site. The results of the investigation, scheduled to be completed in
1991, will help identify alternative technologies to address groundwater and soil contamination and
any other contamination areas revealed during the study. Once the studies are completed, the EPA
will select the final cleanup remedies and will initiate site cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Hopkins Farm site while further studies leading to cleanup
activities are taking place.
April 1991 126 HOPKINS FARM
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IMPERIAL OIL
COMPANY, I
CHAMPION CHEM
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980654099
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Monmouth County
Morganville
Other Names:
Birch Swamp Brook Dumps #1 and #2
The 5-acre Imperial Oil Co., Inc./Champion Chemicals site consists of seven production, storage,
and maintenance buildings and 56 aboveground storage tanks. Imperial blends oil on the site, which
is leased from Champion Chemicals. Several companies have operated at the site in the past One, a
reprocessor of waste oil, may have discharged wastes to a nearby stream. A waste pile on the
premises is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The process area is protected by a
fence that completely encloses it, and a security guard is posted 24 hours a day at the front gate.
Surrounding the site are many areas that could be critically affected by the contaminants in the soil
and water. A fire pond, located in the northeastern corner of the property line, is contaminated. A
small stream from the pond eventually flows into Lake Lefferts. Also located around the site are a
wetland and wooded area. Approximately 25,000 people live within 3 miles of the site, and about
760 people are served by private wells drawing from contaminated groundwater.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
IT
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PCBs,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons, and phthalates, a
plastics by-product. Off-site sediments contain heavy metals including arsenic and lead,
phthalates, and PCBs. The surface soil is contaminated with heavy metals including
chromium, lead, and arsenic, as well as PCBs. Surface water contains arsenic. Potential
health threats include direct contact, accidental ingestion, or inhalation of airborne
contaminated dust, groundwater, or soil. Using Lake Lefferts for recreation could lead to
exposure to contaminants from the site, and fish there may be contaminated. Wetlands
areas also may be threatened.
127
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach _—
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of off-site
contamination and on-site contamination.
Response Action Status
Off-Site Contamination: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up off-site
contamination. The remedy calls for excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated
soils from the wetlands, restoration of affected wetlands, and installation of a fence to
control access to the contaminated soil areas. The design of the cleanup is scheduled to begin in
1991.
On-Site Contamination: The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) is investigating the site to determine the nature and extent of contamination and
to identify alternatives for cleanup. The investigation is scheduled for completion in
1992.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Imperial Oil Company/Champion Chemicals site while
further studies are completed and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 128 IMPERIAL OIL COMPANY, INC./
CHAMPION CHEMICALS
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Site Description
INDUSTRIAL NLs^S%/i% EPA REGION 2
IIMUUO I niML ^W^SjCONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
LATEX CORP.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID#NJD981178411
The 9 1/2-acre Industrial Latex Corp. site houses an inactive facility that produced chemical
adhesives and natural and synthetic rubber compounds. The company put wastes from its processes
into drums and stored or buried them in unlined trenches. Raw materials used to make latex
adhesives and other rubber compounds were stored in 22 underground tanks. The company also
stored waste solvents in aboveground tanks before it flushed them into an on-site sanitary septic
system. Various containers of explosives, flammables, and hazardous substances were stored in two
buildings on the site. The facility was vandalized and sustained fire damage. The EPA conducted a
site inspection in 1986 and found approximately 1,300 drums and pails, 200 buried drums, 2
aboveground storage tanks, 17 underground storage tanks, and 30 vats of solvents and flammable
materials. Many of these containers were rusting, deteriorating, and leaking. Also, the EPA found
numerous drums that contained very high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), many
of which were leaking directly onto the ground. The site lies in a residential and commercial area;
approximately 10,000 people live within 1/2 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/30/89
Soil is contaminated with PCBs, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, and benzene. Possible
health risks include direct contact with or accidental ingestion of the contaminated soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
129 April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Under State supervision, the current owner removed 400 drums from
the site in 1986. Two 20-cubic-yard roll-offs were sampled and removed for disposal.
The EPA removed and treated about 100,000 gallons of contaminated liquids and removed
22 underground tanks. The tanks were decontaminated and dismantled for eventual disposal as
scrap metal. The site was stabilized, which included conducting an inventory of materials on the
site, removing shock-sensitive and highly flammable chemicals, and removing 37 truckloads of non-
hazardous, combustible trash. Additionally, the EPA destroyed 1,525 shock-sensitive and
flammable materials, recycled 2,940 gallons of flammable organic liquids, and treated 1,441 gallons
of this material. They also treated 115,000 gallons of non-PCB liquid wastes, incinerated 4,200
gallons of PCB liquid wastes, incinerated 12,048 gallons of flammable PCB solids, and sent 113,050
gallons of non-flammable PCB solids to an off-site landfill. In 1989, the EPA repaired the fence
around the eastern part of the site. Areas of the fence also were repaired in 1990 and 1991.
Entire Site: The EPA is conducting a thorough investigation of the site to determine the
type, source, and extent of contamination. Field work underway includes sampling and
treatibility studies to determine the most appropriate methods to clean up the site. This
study is scheduled to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: The current owner of the property removed 400 drums from the site in response to an
Administrative Order from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The
EPA notified four previous owners of the property and a potential generator of hazardous
substances. To date, none of the potentially responsible parties have cooperated in helping the EPA
to secure the site and carry out studies to determine the nature and extent of contamination on the
site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums, tanks, and liquids have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminants around the Industrial Latex site while further investigations are being conducted.
April 1991 130 INDUSTRIAL LATEX CORP.
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JACKSON
3S''''
Jackson Township
I AM n PI I I 3S''' Ocean County
LMIM U ll LL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505283
Site Description
The Jackson Township Landfill operated from 1972 until its closure in 1980. Twenty acres of this
135-acre site were used for dumping millions of gallons of liquid sewage and septage wastes. The
site, originally a titanium ore mining pit, was turned over to the Township by a local mining
company in the early 1970s. The site contains mine tailings on the surface. The landfill originally
was located in a relatively undeveloped area, but homes were built, and shallow wells were
constructed close to the landfill. In 1977, residents complained of poor water quality. Tests showed
that the Cohansey Aquifer, a shallow aquifer, was contaminated with a variety of volatile organic
chemicals (VOCs). In 1978, Jackson Township advised residents to stop drinking water from
shallow wells. In 1980, a public water supply from a deep water well located 1/2 mile southeast
from the site was extended to residents near the site. There are approximately 3,200 people living
within 3 miles of the site. All of the 165 homes in the area have been connected to the public water
supply system, but contamination of more distant residences on private water wells is possible.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
II
On-site monitoring wells and nearby residential wells were sampled periodically in the
1980s and did not confirm the widespread contamination found in 1978. A few sampling
points on site have shown elevated levels of one or more VOCs and heavy metals. All
the nearby residences rely on a municipal water well. However, residential wells farther
away from the site may be threatened in the future by the migration of contaminants
leaching from the landfill. Though the landfill is largely secured, people may come into
direct contact with or ingest contaminated dust or soil at or near the landfill, which may
pose a health threat.
131 ApriM991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: In 1980, the State provided an alternate water supply for 130 wells that
were contaminated as a result of groundwater contamination at the landfill.
Entire Site: Jackson Township, under State monitoring, is investigating the nature and
extent of groundwater and soil contamination at the site and is evaluating cleanup
alternatives. The study is scheduled for completion in 1992, at which time cleanup
remedies will be selected for the site.
Site Facts: In 1988, the State and Jackson Township entered into a Consent Order that requires the
Township to conduct a long-term study of the site.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate water supply, the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater at
the Jackson Township Landfill has been eliminated. The EPA and the State will continue to ensure
the safety of nearby residents while Jackson Township continues with studies and cleanup activities.
April 1991 132 JACKSON TOWNSHIP LANDFILL
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Site Description
I ANDFILL f ;/? nf EPA REGION 2
L.J-UU LSI 11.1. ^ rT^T CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD097400998
Other Names:
Jones Industrial Services, Inc.
Jones Industrial Services Landfill
The 11-acre Jones Industrial Services (JIS) Landfill site began as a 33-acre pit that was excavated to
provide soil needed during the construction of the New Jersey Turnpike. Landfill operations
apparently began in 1962. In 1976, JIS reported that 71,000 gallons of oil, 71 tons of non-ferrous
metals, 129,000 gallons of liquid waste, and 171,000 tons of industrial solids were emptied into the
pit in 1975. Approximately 50,000 cubic yards of waste were disposed of annually until the
operation was closed in 1980 by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP).
Bulk liquid chemicals, including industrial solvents and pesticides, are buried at the site. JIS placed
a protective cover over the top of the landfill in 1983. In 1984, JIS was ordered to implement
groundwater cleanup. The EPA is providing bottled water to the residents of affected homes in the
area. Approximately 32,000 people are located within 3 miles of the site and depend on
groundwater for domestic uses. The surface water near the site also is used for boating, fishing, and
other recreational activities.
_. _ ..... NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through _ ... .„«.»-
T, , , , c • Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Federal and State actions.
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The soil is
contaminated with methylene chloride and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The JIS
site is in an agricultural area overlying two interconnected aquifers, the Pennsauken and
the Old Bridge Aquifers. VOCs have contaminated Old Bridge Aquifer, and the
contaminated groundwater plume has migrated off site. One residential well has been
closed, and others are threatened due to contamination. Use of contaminated
groundwater for drinking, bathing, cleaning, or agriculture could pose a health threat.
133 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The State requested that the EPA conduct an assessment of the
site. Private water supplies were sampled and found to be contaminated with VOCs at 10
residences. The EPA is providing bottled water to the residents of the affected homes.
The Monroe Utilities Authority installed water mains to supply potable water, and the EPA provided
hookups at five locations having contaminated wells.
Entire Site: The State began an investigation of the site to determine the nature and
extent of contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup. Activities include
sampling of the air, soil, and groundwater. The investigation is scheduled to be
completed in 1992, and a decision on selected cleanup methods will follow.
Site Facts: Eight potentially responsible parties signed Administrative Orders agreeing to pay for
the full cost of the State's investigation. Ten additional potentially responsible parties recently have
been identified and have agreed to contribute to the cost of the site studies.
Environmental Progress
The provision of bottled water to affected residents and the installation of water mains to supply
potable water has eliminated the possible threat of drinking contaminated groundwater at the JIS
Landfill site. The EPA and the State will continue to ensure the safety of nearby residents and the
environment while further studies and cleanup activities are taking place.
April1991 134 JIS LANDFILL
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Site Description
KAUFFMAN& ^\\^T^ EPA REGION 2
i\**urrm**iv «x ^o ^ ^ ^> ^-£\ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
MINTEER, INC.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD002493054
Burlington County
Jobstown
Company-owned tanker trucks transport bulk liquids including synthetic organics, plastics, resins,
vegetable oils, petroleum oils, and alcohols from the 5-acre Kauffman & Minteer, Inc. site. From
1960 to 1980, the company discharged wastewater used to clean the inside of its trucks into an
unlined lagoon on site. The plant operators did not attach a retention pond to the lagoon to handle
the overflow of wastewater during heavy rains. In 1984, a dike that surrounded the lagoon broke,
allowing wastewater to migrate off site. The main impact of this site may be on how the community
uses the groundwater resource in the area. Contaminants at the site do not yet threaten the
community's groundwater resource, but could impact it in the future. Private wells within 3 miles of
the site provide drinking water to approximately 2,600 people and irrigate 4,000 acres of farmland.
The closest home is 500 feet from the lagoon.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal actions.
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/30/89
Threats and Contaminants
Chemicals that were detected in the lagoon and on-site soil include various pesticides and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The pit area is contaminated with VOCs. The site
does not appear to have contaminated the groundwater that residents use for drinking,
washing, and irrigating crops. Direct contact with the lagoon material and contaminated
soil is a major public health concern and must be avoided.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
135 April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Kauffman & Minteer fenced the site and constructed a berm around the
lagoon to prevent the migration of wastewater off site.
Entire Site: The EPA is conducting a study into the nature and extent of contamination
at the site. The study is scheduled to be completed in late 1992, at which time a cleanup
remedy will be selected.
Site Facts: In 1983, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection cited the company
for operating the lagoon without the proper permits. The EPA issued a Consent Order to fence the
site, maintain adequate freeboard in the lagoon, install a berm around the lagoon, and conduct
sampling activities. The company has been delinquent in performing these activities. The EPA is
taking action to perform these activities, beginning in mid-1991.
Environmental Progress
The potentially responsible party fenced the site and constructed a berm around the lagoon. These
actions will reduce threats to the public health and the environment while further studies are
completed and cleanup activities are being planned at the Kauffman & Minteer site.
April 1991
136
KAUFFMAN & MINTEER, INC.
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Site Description
KIN RIJP S° XyHN EPA REGION 2
rVIIV-DWW I . ty jfjj CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
I AIM PI El I I / - in^T Middlesex County
L.rAIML/1 IL.L. / - J^^F^l Edison Township
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD049860836
The 220-acre Kin-Buc Landfill site is an inactive landfill that operated from 1968 to 1976. From
1971 to 1976, the site was a State-approved landfill for industrial and municipal wastes, both solid
and liquid. The site accepted hazardous waste beginning in 1971, until the State revoked its permit
in 1976. An estimated 70 million gallons of liquid wastes, including 3 million gallons of oily waste,
and over 1 million tons of solid waste, were disposed of between 1973 and 1976. The Kin-Buc site
includes two major mounds (Kin-Buc I and Kin-Buc n) and one minor mound (Mound B). Site
activities included burying and compacting contained wastes in Kin-Buc II and discharging
hazardous liquid wastes into bulldozed pits at the top of Kin-Buc I. Three pits of black, oily
leachate, designated Pits A, B, and C are located at an edge of Kin-Buc I. Adjacent to the pits is an
impoundment referred to as Pool C. Oil, heavily laden with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
accumulates in Pool C and then discharges into Edmonds Creek, a tributary of the Raritan River.
The pond also holds leachate that contains chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which
are believed to be coming from the landfill. The Edison Township Municipal Landfill lies 600 feet
to the south of the site. There is a refuse-filled low-lying area between Kin-Buc I and the Edison
Landfill. There are 3,000 people living within 3 miles of the site. The site is located in a wetlands
area adjacent to the Raritan River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Although the data is not yet complete, elevated levels of PCBs in edible fish and shellfish
are likely. The food chain may be contaminated with PCBs, cadmium, and other heavy
metals. Concentrations of PCBs were found in shallow wells in the refuse layer of the
site. This shallow water may drain into creeks or rivers. The sand and gravel aquifer
beneath the site is contaminated with leachate from VOCs and heavy metals. Aqueous
and PCB-contaminated leachate from the landfill has been seeping into an area known as
Pool C. Elevated levels of PCBs were found in sediment samples in Edmonds Creek,
Rum Creek, and the Raritan River. PCBs and a large number of other pollutants were
detected in surface water. The bedrock aquifer may be contaminated. Consumption of
PCB-contaminated food may cause a wide range of ill effects in people. While in
operation, frequent major fires and a number of serious occupational injuries have
occurred at the landfill. Contaminants seeping into the wetlands may harm wildlife.
137 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the two major mounds and Pool C, and cleanup of Mound B and the adjacent
waterways, wetlands, and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1980, the EPA began cleanup activities consisting of
collection, treatment, and disposal of oily and aqueous phase leachate from Pool C. In
1982, as part of the settlement negotiations, the owners assumed responsibility for cleanup
activities. In 1984,4,000 drums containing oily and aqueous phases of leachate and contaminated
solids were shipped off site for incineration. From 1984 to 1987,1,400,000 gallons of aqueous
phase leachate were shipped off site for treatment and disposal. As of 1987, 26,000 gallons of oily
phase leachate had been shipped off site for incineration. This activity continues and is scheduled to
be completed in 1994.
Two Major Mounds and Pool C: The cleanup technologies selected to address these
areas include: (1) installation of a slurry wall on all sides of the site; (2) collection and
off-site incineration of oily phase leachate; (3) collection and on-site treatment of aqueous
phase leachate and contaminated groundwater with direct surface water discharge; (4) maintenance
and upgrading, if necessary, of the existing cap on Kin-Buc I; (5) installation of a cap on Kin-Buc II
and on portions of the low-lying area between Kin-Buc I and the Edison Landfill, as well as Pool C;
(6) long-term periodic monitoring; and (7) operation and maintenance. The parties potentially
responsible for site contamination, under EPA monitoring, are preparing the technical specifications
and design for the selected cleanup technologies. Cleanup activities for this phase will begin once
the design phase is completed in 1992.
Mound B and Adjacent Waterways, Wetlands, and Groundwater: The
potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, currently are conducting an
investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation also
will characterize the impacts that off-site contaminant migration may have on the surrounding areas
and will evaluate alternatives to address the contamination. The investigation is scheduled to be
completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The numerous immediate cleanup actions to remove leachate and contaminated solids have greatly
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Kin-Buc Landfill site while further
studies are being conducted and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 138 KIN-BUC LANDFILL
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Site Description
KING OF \ \nJ3f EPA REGION 2
• xii «^« vi x iLjLT CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
DDI IOOI A \ ^vH Camden County
• llVWOIr\ V ||> I New Jersey Pine Barrens
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505341 A^ VT } 1 oth.r Names:
King of Prussia Technical
Corporation Disposal
The 40-acre King of Prussia (KOP) site was purchased by the Township of King of Prussia from
Winslow Township in 1970. KOP treated industrial waste and disposed of hazardous liquids on the
site and stopped its operations in 1973. From 1973 to 1975, Evor Phillips, Inc. owned the site and
continued operations during pan of this period. In 1975, the site was abandoned. The Township
regained ownership of the property in 1976, when it foreclosed because of unpaid property taxes.
Illegal dumping of waste is suspected while the Township owned the site, because it was unfenced
and near the road. The site had six lagoons, an undetermined number of buried drums, plastic
containers, and two rusting and torn tankers. Records of the site show that approximately 15 million
gallons of wastewater containing toxic chemicals were delivered to the site. Of the six lagoons, the
EPA confirmed the visible remains of four, but the other two lagoons no longer were evident. The
site was fenced in 1988 to protect public health and to prevent further illegal dumping of waste on
the site. The site is in a rural area within the Pinelands National Reserve and is adjacent to the
Winslow Wildlife Management Area. The Great Egg Harbor River borders the property.
Approximately 10,000 people live within 3 miles of the site, and 3,000 people depend on
groundwater for drinking water supplies.
-.. _ ...... . . , NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through ^ JTA ,„„,,„,„
T^JIC j -11 Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Federal, State, and potentially ^
responsible parties' actions.
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including beryllium, chromium, copper,
and nickel. Groundwater also contains phthalates and various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Lagoon sludge contains lindane. The soil is contaminated with
various heavy metals and VOCs. Surface water is contaminated with heavy metals
including chromium and copper. People can become exposed to hazardous and toxic
chemicals through accidental ingestion or direct contact with groundwater, sludge, soil,
and surface water. The site is within the 6,000-acre Winslow Wildlife Management
Area, which is used for recreation. City drinking water is not available in this area;
therefore, residents must use private wells for their water needs.
139 April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The EPA fenced the site in 1988, and in 1989, removed and disposed of
120 buried plastic containers and the associated contaminated liquids and soils. In 1990,
the EPA removed 200 drums and 235 additional plastic containers. The EPA initiated the
removal of two tankers and their contents in early 1991. Disposal of the contents of the drums and
tankers is scheduled to be completed in mid-1991.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination completed a study
to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site in 1990. The EPA and the
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection have reviewed the study and
selected a remedy which includes: excavation and cleanup of contaminated soils, sediments, and
sludges; drum removal and off-site disposal; tanker removal and off-site disposal; installation of a
pump and treat system for contaminated groundwater, and additional monitoring of the Great Egg
Harbor River. Design of the selected remedy is expected to begin in mid-1991.
Site Facts: From 1981 to 1989, the EPA sent out 55 Request for Information letters to gain
information about possible potentially responsible parties. Five waste generators signed an
Administrative Order on Consent in 1985 to conduct a site investigation. The EPA has identified
nine additional parties who are considered responsible for contaminating the site. The EPA issued
an order to five potentially responsible parties to design and conduct cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the drums and contaminated materials and the fencing of the site have greatly
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the King of Prussia site while final
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 140 KING OF PRUSSIA
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KRYSOWATY
FARM
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980529838
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Somerset County
Hillsborough Township
Other Names:
Three Bridges Drum Dump
The 1-acre Krysowaty Farm site was a waste disposal area where approximately 500 drums of paint
and dye wastes were allegedly dumped, crushed, and buried from 1965 to 1970. In addition to
drums, other wastes including demolition debris, tires, automobiles, bulk wastes, solvents, and waste
sludge were disposed of at the farm. Local residents became concerned when they smelled odors in
their well water. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) investigated
the site in 1979 and found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the groundwater. The Township
provided bottled water to nearby residents in 1982. Approximately 1,200 people live within a mile
of the site. The closest residences are 900 feet from the farm.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/23/82
Final Date: 12/30/82
Deleted Date: 02/22/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and site debris were contaminated with VOCs, pesticides, base
and neutral compounds, and traces of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The
State and the EPA have determined that, as a result of cleanup actions taken at
Krysowaty Farm, the site does not pose threats to the public health or the
environment. The site has been deleted from the National Priorities List.
Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
141
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1982, the Township began to provide bottled water to nearby
residents affected by contaminated well water.
Entire Site: In 1984, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site which included:
(1) excavating soil and wastes and disposing of them in an approved facility; (2)
providing a permanent alternate water supply to the residents affected by contaminated
well water; and (3) monitoring the site for five years to ensure the actions taken have been
effective. The EPA extended the Elizabethtown Water Company water main to the affected
residences. Approximately 13,700 cubic yards of contaminated soil were removed and disposed
of an approved hazardous waste disposal facility. The site was backfilled, covered with clean
soil, and seeded in 1986. Additionally, future development of the site area and installation of
private wells have been prohibited to ensure that residents are protected from any residual
contamination. The State of New Jersey will monitor the groundwater for five years to ensure
the cleanup activities have been effective. This program commenced in 1987.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities have been completed at the Krysowaty Farm site. The EPA has
determined that all groundwater and surface contamination has been cleaned to safety standards
and that no further cleanup actions are required at the site. The site is now safe for nearby
residents and the environment, and it has been deleted from the NPL.
April 1991
142
KRYSOWATY FARM
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Site Description
LANDFILL AND ^ /&£W EPA REGION 2
LAAIML^riLL /-MML-* ^\ \fV^ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
HFX/FI OPMFMT f ° XVVAl Burlington County
L/C V l-LV-Jr IVICIM I V \ X^X / Mt- Hol|V- Easthampton. and
COMPANY J*r-4 Lumberton Townships
NEW JERSEY
XT^ ] y SCA Services
EPA ID# N JD048044325 XjSr Mt. Holly Landfill
The 200-acre Landfill and Development Company site consists of two sections: the Easthampton/
Lumberton section and the Mt. Holly section. The site, originally a sand and gravel pit, accepted
municipal refuse, industrial and commercial solid waste, and treated sewage sludge. In 1973, the
State directed the landfill to conduct groundwater tests. The results indicated contamination by
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1977, the State ordered the company to correct the
groundwater contamination by replacing private wells, installing a liner at the landfill, and pumping
and treating the contaminated groundwater. The Easthampton/Lumberton section of the landfill was
closed in 1981 when it reached its capacity. The State closed the Mt. Holly section in 1986.
Approximately 20,000 people live within 2 miles of the site. Fifty homes are located 500 feet away.
Ten of these houses use private water wells for drinking water; the rest use municipal wells. The
landfill lies within the drainage basin of Rancocas Creek. The Smithville Canal is within the flood
plain of the creek and discharges into it. Smithville Lake is located 1,600 feet away from the site.
All these bodies of water are used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL USTING HISTORY
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
The aquifers are contaminated with various VOCs and heavy metals including arsenic,
cadmium, mercury, nickel, and silver. Sediments from Rancocas Creek and Smithville
Canal contain heavy metals including cadmium, nickel, selenium, and zinc. Rancocas
Creek is contaminated with cadmium and silver. The Smithville Canal contains silver.
Although the majority of the residents are supplied by municipal water wells, some
residences still use private wells. These wells are not contaminated; however, there is a
potential for pollutants to migrate to them. Rancocas Creek and Smithville Canal are
used for recreational activities. Seeps from the landfill have polluted these waters.
People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest the water or sediments may
be harmed.
143 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: The Landfill and Development Company, under State oversight, placed
residences on public water supplies and installed a liner at the landfill to prevent further
migration of contaminants.
Entire Site: The State is conducting an investigation to determine the extent of
groundwater, soil, and surface water contamination at the landfill. Once the investigation
is completed in 1992, various cleanup measures will be recommended for the site.
Environmental Progress
The connection of area homes to the public water supplies has greatly reduced potential health
threats at the Landfill and Development Company site while studies are being completed.
April! 991
144
LANDFILL AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
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LANG PROPERTY
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505382
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
'CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Burlington County
Pemberton Township
The 2-acre Lang Property site is located on a 40-acre parcel of land and was used as an illegal
dumping ground for abandoned vehicles, tires, and other debris. In 1975, between 1,200 and 1,500
drums of unidentified chemical waste were discovered on the property. The owners removed the
drums in 1976. Before their removal, the drums were emptied into unlined pits or the contents were
spilled on the ground. Tests conducted by the County and State confirmed groundwater and surface
water contamination. The aquifer beneath the site supplies drinking water to 13,000 residents. As
many as 20 private wells are located within 1 mile of the site. The site is drained by several man-
made ditches that flow through wetlands before entering Rancocas Creek. The property is situated
within New Jersey's Pineland National Reserve, a forest nationally recognized as a valuable
environmental resource.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, soil, surface water, and sediments are contaminated with various
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil also is contaminated with pesticides. People
who come in direct contact with or drink contaminated groundwater from wells may be
at risk. People who enter the site and come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest
the soil or sediments may be harmed. Surface water is used to flood the cranberry bogs
in the area. Although cranberries and blueberries are not contaminated, they may
become so if surface water contamination increases and migrates to cultivated areas. The
site is in the Pinelands National Reserve, and the levels of contaminants detected may
pose a hazard to wildlife inhabiting the forest.
145
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site which included: (1)
excavating contaminated soil and material and disposing of it in a federally approved
facility; (2) extracting and treating the contaminated groundwater and then reinjecting the
treated water into the aquifer; (3) filling and grading the excavated area; (4) installing a security
fence; and (5) monitoring the site to ensure the cleanup actions have been effective. In 1988, the
EPA excavated 13,200 tons of contaminated soil and transported it to a federally approved facility.
The excavated area was backfilled and graded with clean soil. Contaminated site water also was
treated. Storage drums were crushed and disposed of at an approved facility. The EPA is
developing the engineering design for the groundwater treatment system. Once these technical
specifications are completed in 1991, the system will be constructed and implemented.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and drums, treatment of contaminated groundwater, and securing
of the Lang Property site greatly reduced the potential health risks while the engineering design for
the groundwater treatment system is being completed.
April 1991 146 LANG PROPERTY
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Site Description
LIPARI LANDFILL VxlB/ EPA REGION 2
Lir^vni L^tivisribip 0 ^vWJ; CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980505416
Other Names:
Lipari Landfill Nick
The 15-acrc Lipari Landfill is an inactive landfill that, between 1958 and 1971, accepted household
waste, liquid and semi-solid chemical wastes, and other industrial materials. These wastes were
disposed of in trenches originally excavated for sand and gravel. Approximately 3,000,000 gallons
of liquid wastes and about 12,000 cubic yards of solid wastes were disposed of at the site. Some of
the wastes included solvents, paints and thinners, formaldehyde, dust collector residues, resins, and
solid press cakes from the industrial production of paints and solvents. Prior to the closing of the
landfill in 1971 by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, at least one explosion
and two fires were reported at the site. Contaminants have seeped into the aquifers underneath the
site and have leached into nearby marshlands, Chestnut Branch Stream, Rabbit Run Stream, and
Alcyon Lake. The lake has been closed to recreational use. Approximately 11,000 people depend
on groundwater for drinking water supplies within 3 miles of the site. Fruit orchards are adjacent to
the site. Chestnut Branch is a tributary to the Delaware River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
E
Air is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater,
surface water, and sediments are contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including
arsenic, chromium, and lead. Soil is contaminated with VOCs, heavy metals, and
phthalates. Leachate contains VOCs; heavy metals including arsenic, beryllium,
chromium, lead, zinc, and nickel; and phenols. People who come in direct contact with
or drink the contaminated groundwater may suffer adverse health effects. Although
Alcyon Lake has been closed because of contamination, people who trespass and swim in
it or accidentally ingest the water may be at risk. Pollutants seeping into the marshlands
and streams may harm the wildlife inhabiting the area.
147 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: initial actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on source control, cleanup of groundwater and leachate, and off-site cleanup activities.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The EPA drilled and sampled 16 monitoring wells to determine the
groundwater flow and the extent of contamination. A security fence was installed by the
EPA to restrict access to the landfill in 1982, and additional fencing was installed by the
EPA between 1983 and 1985 to restrict access to neighboring wetlands areas.
Source Control: In 1982, the EPA selected a remedy to stop the pollutants from
migrating from the landfill by constructing a landfill containment system made up of a
cut-off wall around the area to divert surface water runoff and covering the landfill with a
synthetic membrane landfill cover. The EPA completed the wall and covered the landfill in 1984.
Groundwater and Leachate: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the
groundwater and leachate from the landfill including: (1) installing extraction and
injection wells in the landfill containment system to flush the system and pump the
contaminated groundwater and leachate; (2) treating the pumped water on site and then discharging
it to a trunkline; (3) installing monitoring wells downhill from the site; and (4) continuing
groundwater treatment to meet applicable standards. The EPA is installing the landfill injection and
extraction wells. Construction of the treatment plant is scheduled to be completed in 1991. After
the construction is completed, the groundwater will be flushed to remove contaminants for a period
of approximately five to seven years.
Off-Site Contamination: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the off-site
contamination including: (1) collecting the groundwater and leachate in the aquifers
outside the containment system, treating it, and discharging the treated water into the
county sewer lines; (2) excavating and dewatering the contaminated soils in Chestnut Branch Marsh
and dredging and dewatering the contaminated sediments in Alcyon Lake, Chestnut Branch, and
Rabbit Run and removing the pollutants by heating the soil and sediment; (3) instituting temporary
measures, if necessary, to reduce vapors from the leachate seepage areas in Chestnut Branch Marsh;
and (4) monitoring the off-site areas to ensure that the on-site cleanup is effective. The EPA is
designing the technical specifications to clean up the marsh, aquifers, streams, and lake. Once the
design phase is completed in 1991, the cleanup activities will begin.
Site Facts: In 1982, the EPA and Nicholas Lipari entered into a Consent Decree.
Environmental Progress
Securing of the site and construction of the landfill containment system have greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Lipari Landfill site while further cleanup
activities are taking place.
April 1991 148 LIPARI LANDILL
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LODI MUNICIPAL^ F?^ EPA REGION 2
L.VSLSI mv/mivrirA-iL.^ /ruQ7 CONGRESSIONALDIST. 09
IMP I I \ ° // 5< Bergen County
WELL \ /C~£/) Borough of Lodi
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980769301
Site Description
The Lodi Municipal Well site consists of 11 municipal wells that previously were used to provide
drinking water to the Borough. One well, Garfield Avenue, was closed in 1981 due to volatile
organic compound (VOC) contamination. In 1983, the Home Place Well was found to have elevated
levels of radioactivity and was closed by the Borough, based on the recommendation of the New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). Testing by the State in 1985 revealed tap
water to be contaminated with VOCs. The remaining wells were tested and found to be
contaminated; all the wells were closed by 1987. Approximately 95% of Lodi's drinking water now
is supplied by the Passaic Valley Water Commission, and the remainder is purchased from the
Hackensack Water Company. Approximately 24,000 people live in Lodi and depended on these
wells for their drinking water. The Saddle River flows though the Borough, but it is not used for
recreation or fishing. Lodi also is situated between the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The wells contain various VOCs as well as uranium and radium-226. However, the
Borough of Lodi has closed the wells that tap into the contaminated aquifer.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: an initial action and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
149 April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Action: During the 1980s, the Borough of Lodi closed 11 wells, based on
sampling data from the NJDEP and the Lodi Water Department. Additionally, alternate
water supplies were put in place.
Entire Site: The EPA is conducting a study to determine the type, extent, and source of
the groundwater contamination. At the request of the State, with EPA concurrence,
secondary bedrock and groundwater sampling will be done to determine if radionuclide
contamination is the result of natural or man-made sources. The sampling is expected to begin in
mid-1991. The investigation is scheduled for completion in 1992. After review, various alternatives
will be evaluated for site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
Closing contaminated wells and providing an alternate water supply have greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminants from the Lodi Municipal Well site while studies are being
completed and cleanup activities are being planned.
ApriM991
150
LODI MUNICIPAL WELL
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Site Description
LONE PINE LANDFILL l&J&f EPA REGION 2
L.VSIVC rilMC LAAIMyriLU rrV^/ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
NEW JERSEY ^ he
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Cleanup Approach —
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on the on-site cleanup and
cleanup of the groundwater and off-site contamination.
Response Action Status
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M & T DELISA
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD085632164
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Monmouth County
Asbury Park
Other Names:
Seaview Square Mall
The M & T Delisa Landfill accepted municipal waste from 1945 to 1975 on a 132-acre site in
Asbury Park. Seaview Square Mall was constructed on about 25 to 30 acres of the landfill in 1976.
Although the mall itself is situated on clean fill, the parking lot is built on refuse. Methane gas vents
are located around the parking lot, and a system to collect leachate runs beneath it. In 1980, the EPA
observed leachate seeping from the site into a nearby stream that empties into Deal Lake. However,
investigations indicated that groundwater, surface water, and soil were not impacted by the site. In
1983, the mall and surrounding outside areas were tested for methane gas migration. The results
indicated a plume of methane existed about 1 to 3 feet below the ground outside the mall.
Approximately 2,300 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. There are 34 private wells within
3 miles of the landfill, and approximately 120 people draw drinking water from these wells. Deal
Lake is less than a mile away and is used for recreational activities, including fishing.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through Federal
and potentially responsible parties'
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 03/06/91
Threats and Contaminants
Sampling at the site showed that groundwater contained heavy metals such as arsenic,
chromium, and lead and methylene chloride. Sediments contained polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PNAs) and the heavy metals arsenic, mercury, lead, and zinc. Storm
drains and leachate seeping from the site contained methylene chloride, chromium, lead,
and arsenic. Although there are no risks directly attributable to the site, people who drink
water containing metals may be at risk.
153
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The owner of the site, under EPA monitoring, conducted a study to
determine the extent of groundwater, surface water, and soil contamination at the site.
This study revealed that there was no disposal of hazardous waste at the site in the past
and that the site is not a source of significant concentrations of any hazardous substances. In
September 1990, the EPA decided that the site would be addressed more appropriately by the State
under its solid waste disposal regulations.
Site Facts: In 1983, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to the owner of the site,
requiring that the owner conduct site studies and perform cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
After the M & T Delisa site was added to the NPL, a study to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the site revealed that there were no significant concentrations of any hazardous
substances. The site has been deleted from the NPL and will be addressed by State authorities.
April 1991
154
M AND T DELISA LANDFILL
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MANNHEIM / ^V/St) EPA REGION 2
IVIrtlMIUI IL.IIVI ^ 0 ^^Jfl CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
AVENUE DUMP
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980654180 AA^ H Other Names:
Lenox China, Inc.
Site Description
The 2-acre Mannheim Avenue Dump site is located in Galloway Township. The site is a municipal
landfill where approximately 300 drums (11,400 pounds) of degreasing sludge from Lenox China
were disposed of in a 15-foot pit during the 1960s, and possibly, into the early 1970s. This waste
was compacted into approximately 35 mounds and was covered with soil. Leaded glazed waste,
plaster molds, and china and clay forms also were mixed in with the mounded waste piles. An
aquifer that provides the source of water for local residents lies 20 to 30 feet below the site.
Approximately 1,300 area residents depend on shallow groundwater under the site for drinking
water, the majority of which comes from private wells. A public school well is located in the
vicinity of the site. The nearest residence is 1/10 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The underlying aquifer contains trichloroethylene (TCE) and toluene from the site
disposal areas. Soil was contaminated with TCE and lead. Residual levels still exist in
the soils at a level below New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
action levels. There is a risk of contaminants migrating through groundwater to
residential wells in the future. The site is fenced, and warning signs have been posted
around the perimeter.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
155 April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination removed approximately 25,000 pounds of asphaltic sludge from soil
mounds for incineration. Approximately 2,700 cubic yards of residual contaminated soil
remained. Other activities completed in 1985 include installing a fence around the site and sampling
waste piles. The potentially responsible parties performed on-site sampling and installed monitoring
wells, under EPA oversight, beginning in 1986. In 1989, the potentially responsible parties removed
soil mounds containing residual lead and TCE contaminants from the site to an approved facility.
Entire Site: Under State and EPA supervision, the parties potentially responsible for the
site contamination conducted an investigation to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy for cleanup of the site
which includes: extraction of the contaminated groundwater from the aquifer, on-site treatment
using air stripping, and discharge of the treated groundwater into the aquifer; short-term monitoring
of the groundwater during the engineering design of the treatment system; long-term monitoring of
the groundwater during cleanup; and installation of individual carbon adsorption treatment units at
residences, if monitoring indicates that groundwater contamination threatens residential wells. The
engineering design for the cleanup will begin in 1991. Cleanup is scheduled to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: The NJDEP sent Information Request Letters to the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination in 1983 and 1984. A Unilateral Administrative Order was issued to Lenox, Inc.
and Galloway Township by the EPA and the State of New Jersey. This Order required these two
parties to remove contaminants from the site. In 1987, the EPA issued Notice Letters to Lenox, Inc.
and to the Township of Galloway. As a result, Lenox, Inc. agreed to perform an investigation into
site contamination and the most effective cleanup methods. In 1988, the EPA entered into an
Administrative Order on Consent with Lenox, Inc. and the Township of Galloway to perform the site
investigation and cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of a large amount of contaminated sludge and the installation of a security fence have
significantly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Mannheim Ave. Dump
site while permanent remedy alternatives are being designed for the contaminated groundwater and
the remainder of the site.
April 1991 156 MANNHEIM AVENUE DUMP
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MAYWOOD ^-s ,/ySfc EPA REGION 2
• vir> • VVWSL* -\ or rsw CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Bergen County
Maywood and Rochelle Park
COMPANY ,
C V Other Names:
NEW JERSEY
X_ 1 7 Stepan Chemical
EPA ID# NJD980529762
Site Description
The Maywood Chemical Company site consists of several commercial and residential properties, all
contaminated with radioactivity. Since 1916, Maywood processed radioactive thorium ore to
produce the mantles in gas lanterns. Early in the century, operators knew thorium was radioactive,
but did not consider it particularly dangerous. They pumped all process wastes to diked areas west
of the plant. In 1932, State Route 17 was built through the disposal area. Some of the waste
materials were excavated and used as fill dirt and mulch for nearby properties. The result was
chemical and radioactive contamination over much of the local area. Radiological contamination
was accidentally discovered by an area resident in 1980 on property formerly owned by Stepan
Chemical. Testing by the State revealed extensive low-level contamination at several locations. The
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) now owns 11 3/4 acres of land along the Stepan property and has
constructed the Maywood Interim Storage Site (MISS). Contaminated soils that have been removed
from the various Maywood sites are stored there until a permanent storage facility can be identified.
Contamination has been identified in seven different areas: (1) the Sears property; (2) the MISS; (3)
the Bailed properties; (4) the Scanel property; (5) residential properties; (6) the Stepan Chemical
property; and (7) other industrial properties. The Sears, Roebuck and Co. leases 31 acres of property
just south of the MISS and Stepan Chemical property. Its warehouse covers about 1/3 of the
grounds; 225 employees work there. The rest of the property is covered by grass and marsh, with
several commercial facilities located to the south. Drums containing volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and phthalates were discovered buried under the property. The MISS is a fenced vacant lot
of 11 3/4 acres. Low-level radioactive wastes have been piled on 2 acres, and another area was
prepared as a second storage pile. The waste stored at the site is from cleanup actions conducted in
1984 and 1985 on several nearby properties. The MISS lies in a highly developed residential and
industrial area that runs along the border between Maywood and Rochelle Park. The Ballod
property is the site of the lagoons to which Maywood Chemical originally pumped its thorium
processing wastes. When Stepan Chemical bought the Maywood facility, the waste materials were
removed, and the facility was approved for unrestricted use by the Atomic Energy Commission.
However, an area of radioactivity was found on the site, and further cleanup activities ensued. The
Scanel property is in Maywood, to the east of the Sears site. Waste material from thorium
processing was probably disposed of or included in fill here. In 1981 and 1983, radium and thorium
were detected in Scanel soils. Eight residential properties in Maywood and nine in Rochelle Park
were radiologically contaminated, mostly with thorium. The properties have been certified for
unrestricted use by the DOE. The Stepan property also will be undergoing an official investigation.
The DOE drilled monitoring wells here as part of their monitoring of the MISS; early indications are
that this area also is contaminated with radioactivity and chemicals. Contamination has been found
in three off-site areas as well. The Lodi Municipal Wells (now a site on the NPL) have been closed.
VOCs were detected in the Maywood Municipal Pool in 1986, and similar contaminants were seen
in a residential well upgradient of the site. The site surroundings are industrial and residential.
157 April! 991
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Approximately 30,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The local drinking water
comes from municipal and private wells; the closest well is 1,500 feet from the site. Local surface
water is used for recreation. Some brooks flow through the contaminated areas, eventually feeding
the Saddle River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Radon gas was present in a home near the site. Groundwater at the MISS has been
contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals. Soil on various parts of the site is
contaminated with radioactive wastes including thorium and radium, as well as VOCs
and heavy metals. Drinking or otherwise coming into contact with contaminated
groundwater, inhaling contaminated dusts and volatile gases, or coming into direct
contact with contaminated soils may adversely affect the health of nearby residents.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on radiological contamination and non-radiological contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The DOE started removing contaminated soil from affected
residences in 1984. These materials were stored at the MISS. Contaminated materials
were excavated at the Bailed property and removed to the MISS in 1985. Additional
cleanup efforts have continued as other contaminated properties were identified.
Radiological Contamination: The DOE is investigating the radiological
contamination at the site. The investigation will determine the nature and extent of the
contamination and will be the basis for recommending the final cleanup strategies when it
is completed in 1994. Field work has been completed, and reports are being developed.
April 1991 158 MAYWOOD CHEMICAL COMPANY
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Non-Radiological Chemical Contamination: In 1990, under EPA monitoring, the
work planning began for an intensive study of non-radiological chemical contamination at
the site. This investigation will explore the nature and extent of contamination and will
lead to recommending final cleanup remedies. Field work is expected to begin in mid-1991.
Site Facts: A special notice letter for conducting a study of the site was issued to Stepan Chemical
Co. and all other owners of the contaminated property in 1987. After several negotiation meetings
with the potentially responsible parties, Stepan Chemical Co. presented a good faith offer to conduct
the study. As a result of further negotiations, an Administrative Order on Consent was issued. The
Order was signed by Stepan Chemical and the EPA in 1987.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil from residential areas has greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to radioactive materials from the Maywood Chemical Company site while investigations
are taking place.
MAYWOOD CHEMICAL COMPANY
159
April! 991
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MPT A I TPP/ / ' ^s^/i/ EPAREGION2
Mb I AL I t W / F CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
AEROSYSTE
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD002517472
Site Description
Metaltec, a subsidiary of Aerosystems Technology Corporation, produced metal ball point pen
casings, paint spray guns, lipstick cases, and a variety of other goods on this 15 1/2-acre site from
1965 to 1980. While in operation, the facility consisted of the plant, a process well, an unlined
wastewater lagoon, and a drum storage area. A pile of waste material called the "Green Powder
Pile" also is known to have existed at the site. The company moved to an industrial park in 1980. In
1980, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) inspected the site and
began sampling. Results revealed the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy
metals in the facility's wastewater lagoon and surrounding soil. These contaminants leached from
the lagoon into surrounding groundwater, and upon sampling residential wells, State analysts found
VOCs at levels above Federal standards for drinking water. The Franklin Water Supply Well and
polluted private wells were closed in 1980, and affected residents were connected to the Borough's
primary water supply. The site lies in a valley drained by a small unnamed stream that flows into
Wildcat Brook, a tributary of the Walkill River. The property now is abandoned. Franklin Pond lies
3/4 mile northeast of the site. The now-closed Franklin Water Supply Well, which served as a
secondary water supply source, is about 400 feet east of the property. Approximately 4,000 people
live within 3 miles of the site. Local surface water is used for recreation, fishing, and swimming.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various VOCs and heavy metals. Low
levels of cadmium were detected in the water and sediment samples from the stream
flowing through two of the contaminated areas. The drinking and normal use of
contaminated groundwater pose the likeliest health hazard, but contaminated wells have
been closed.
161 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control of site
pollutants and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Source Control: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy for cleaning up the sources of
pollution at the site. The remedy features: (1) excavating and treating 10,000 cubic yards
of soils contaminated with VOCs in Parcel 1 and taking them off site for disposal at an
EPA-approved landfill; (2) excavating 4,000 cubic yards of contaminated soils from Parcels 2, 3,
and 4 and disposing of them off site at an EPA-approved landfill; (3) providing an alternate water
supply for Franklin to replace lost drinking water capacity; and (4) studying the site further to
identify the extent of groundwater contamination and to evaluate the best options for cleanup. The
EPA conducted the engineering design for the first three parts of the remedy in 1987 and 1988.
Cleanup activities then ensued, with removal of the contaminated soils. The EPA excavated 5,000
cubic yards and transported them to an approved landfill, treated contaminated site water, backfilled
the excavated areas with clean fill, and disposed of drums stored on the surface. The engineering
design for the final part of the remedy also was completed in late 1990. An alternate water supply
pipeline providing water from two privately developed wells currently is being installed.
Groundwater: In 1989, the EPA completed a draft report for an intensive study of
groundwater contamination at the site. This investigation explored the nature and extent
of the groundwater pollution problem. A proposed plan for treating contaminated
groundwater was completed in 1990. The remedy selected by the EPA includes extracting the
contaminated groundwater and treating it by air stripping to remove the VOCs. Any remaining
organic contaminants will be removed by carbon adsorption. The treated groundwater will be
discharged into the unnamed tributary of Wildcat Brook. The site will be monitored to ensure the
effectiveness of the remedy. Design of the selected remedy is scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Environmental Progress
The source control actions and the completion of some cleanup measures described above have
greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Metaltec/Aerosystems site
while further cleanup activities are being planned and enacted.
April 1991 162 METALTEC/AEROSYSTEMS
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MONITOR riF\/IPF<*/ \r N7 EPA REGION 2
IVIUNI I UK UtVIU£&/ /^^CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
IMTPRPIRPI IIT^jfiWff* LL/L* Monmouth County
IN I CriVrlriLrtJLrO IIMLr. AT
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on groundwater and soil
cleanup.
Response Action Status
Groundwater and Soil: In 1986, the State began an intensive two-phase investigation
of soil and groundwater contamination at the site. This investigation is exploring the
nature and extent of pollution problems and will result in recommendations for final
cleanup. The first phase is completed; the second phase is scheduled to begin in late 1991. The first
phase involved investigation of soil, subsurface soil, and groundwater contamination. The second
phase will "fine-tune" the findings from the first phase investigation by sampling several more wells
to define the extent of the groundwater plume.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Monitor Devices/Intercircuits Inc. site to protect human
health or the environment while further studies are being completed.
April 1991 164 MONITOR DEVICES/
INTERCIRCUITSINC.
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MONROE TOWN
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980505671
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Middlesex County
Monroe
Oth«r Names:
Browning-Ferris Ind.
Princeton Disposal
International Disposal
BFI of South Jersey. Inc.
The 86-acre Monroe Township Landfill first was operated by Monroe Township in 1955, leased to
the Princeton Disposal Co. in 1968, and finally acquired by Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc. of
South Jersey, Inc. in 1972. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
ordered it closed in 1978, after liquids seeping from the landfill overflowed into a street. This
leachate also was found to be contaminating streams that drain the landfill area. Analysis showed
the liquids contained volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This off-site migration of leachate caused
the abandonment of a housing construction project. Hydrochloric acid is known to have been stored
in lagoons at the site. The State sampled six drinking water wells near the site in 1979 and found
varying concentrations of VOCs. One well was closed, which prompted more investigative
sampling. Although the next round of analysis showed considerably lower concentrations of
pollutants, municipal water lines were provided to some area residents in 1979 and 1980. A cut-off
wall and leachate collection drain were installed in 1980. Leachate was recycled to the landfill.
Approximately 11,500 people are served by private and public wells in the vicinity. Groundwater
also is used for irrigation. The closest residence is about 200 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
Off-site groundwater is contaminated with phenols and VOCs. On-site leachate contains
VOCs. Coming in direct contact with contaminated leachate and soil on the site or
drinking contaminated groundwater may cause adverse health effects to people in the
area.
165
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach _
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and
groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Source Control: Municipal water lines were hooked up to some residences in 1979 and
1980. In 1979, the State ordered the owner to undertake landfill closure and to install a
leachate collection and treatment system. Phase I of the closure, completed in 1980,
addressed the emergency situation at the northeastern section of the landfill. Workers built a
compacted clay dike and leachate collection system. Phase n addressed cleanup efforts and closure
of the entire area. This phase was completed in 1984 and activities included: (1) installing a
leachate cut-off wall of varying depths around the landfill perimeter, (2) building an underground
leachate collection drain; (3) temporarily discharging leachate into the sewer for treatment at the
public wastewater treatment facility; (4) installing a clay cover to reduce the spread of contaminants;
and (5) installing leachate seep collectors to channel liquid that might pool on the surface of the fill.
The leachate is discharged to the Middlesex County Sewage Authority's Old Bridge Sewage
Treatment Plant. Approximately 6,000 to 7,000 gallons of leachate are transported to the treatment
plant each day. All source control remedies are expected to be completed by late 1991.
Groundwater: The owner conducted a hydrogeologic study in 1987 that was intended
to assess the current and past effects of the landfill on groundwater in the vicinity. The
owner installed a series of monitoring wells and began quarterly sampling at various sites.
The data indicated that an additional hydrogeologic study was needed to determine off-site
contamination. The State also ordered the owner to decommission the existing leachate lagoon, to
replace it with an underground storage tank, and to install a standby generator to handle leachate
collection in case of a power failure. The owner has written a contingency plan for leachate disposal
in case of such an emergency. These studies are expected to be completed in late 1991, at which
time a plan for site groundwater cleanup will be recommeded.
Site Facts: In 1979, the NJDEP and BFI signed a Consent Order requiring landfill closure and
cleanup measures. A 1986 Administrative Order on Consent between the NJDEP and BFI
superseded the 1979 order and established post-closure activities.
Environmental Progress
The actions described above to control the sources of contamination have greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous wastes at the Monroe Township Landfill site while cleanup
activities are completed and further investigation into groundwater contamination is taking place.
April 1991 166 MONROE TOWNSHIP LANDFILL
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MONTPI AIR/ ^^ 1^ EPAREGION2
mvsi v i vri-jmn/ r^^^m^j^y CONGRESSIONAL DIST. os
1A/CCT OM / 'f^SS3iff\jL/> S~\ Essex County
VVCO I
Montclair and West Orange
/S&~SS«teJ-«&«
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Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, the EPA installed temporary ventilation systems to
reduce the radon concentrations in 38 homes. In addition, shielding from gamma
radiation has been installed in 12 homes. The EPA and the State continue to operate and
maintain the temporary systems.
Soil and Structures: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to address the most
extensively contaminated properties. This remedy includes: (1) excavating
approximately 41,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil and debris at the most extensively
contaminated properties and disposing of them in a licensed facility; (2) installing and maintaining
indoor engineering controls at less contaminated properties; (3) monitoring the site to ensure the
remedy has been effective; and (4) continuing alternative treatment remedies for future actions at the
site. Cleanup of the most extensively contaminated areas currently is underway.
Groundwater: The EPA is conducting a study to determine whether the groundwater
has become tainted by the contaminated soil. Once the study is completed, scheduled for
1992, the EPA will recommend remedies for groundwater cleanup, if necessary.
Remaining Properties, Public Areas, and Streets: In mid-1990, a remedy was
selected for the cleanup of the remaining properties as well as public areas and streets.
This remedy includes the excavation and off-site disposal of all radium-contaminated soil
from public and private properties.Once the cleanup activities are completed, the area will be
monitored to ensure the remedy has been effective. The EPA currently is designing the technologies
for the cleanup.
Site Facts: The EPA continues seeking parties that may be responsible for site contamination. No
conclusive evidence links a potentiffljOJ^ponsible party to the contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The emergency actions described above have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
radioactive contamination in affected homes near the Montclair/West Orange Radium site while
further cleanup efforts and studies are taking place.
April 1991 168 MONTCLAIR/WEST ORANGE
RADIUM SITE
-------
MONTGOMERY
TOWNSHIP HOU
DEVELOPMENT
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980654164
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Somerset County
Montgomery Township
Originally, the 71 homes at the 72-acre Montgomery Township Housing Development site depended
on private wells drawing from the underlying aquifer. In 1978, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
were detected in the public well of neighboring Rocky Hill. State officials also sampled the housing
development's wells. Results indicated widespread contamination with various VOCs. Because of
their proximity and the similarity of the contaminants present, it was agreed to address the
Montgomery Township Housing Development site and the Rocky Hill Municipal Well site, also on
the NPL, jointly. The area surrounding the site is wooded and predominantly residential. Beden
Brook skirts the northwestern corner of the site, and the Millstone River bounds it on the east. The
site includes not only the 71 homes in the original development, but six more homes nearby.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Private wells in the housing development contain various VOCs as well as lead.
Drinking or otherwise coming in contact with contaminated water may result in adverse
health effects.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on providing an alternative water supply and cleaning up the groundwater.
169
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1981, the Township of Montgomery connected 20 homes in
the development to the Elizabethtown Water Company. The State began a study of the
contamination in 1984, and by 1987, had completed an investigation of the site. A total of
38 residences were hooked up to the Elizabethtown public water supply before the alternate water
supply remedy described below was implemented.
Alternate Water Supply: The EPA selected a remedy for supplying clean water to the
housing development in 1987. This remedy, a continuation of the emergency actions
conducted throughout the 1980s, was started in 1988 and was completed in 1990. It
featured extending the Elizabethtown Water Company distribution system already serving a portion
of the development to all residents using contaminated or threatened wells and sealing affected
private wells. Extension of the public water supply is completed. Sealing of the wells was deferred
to the groundwater cleanup phase.
Groundwater: The EPA selected a remedy for cleaning the contaminated groundwater
plume in 1988. This stage of the cleanup covers not only the housing development areas,
but also the Rocky Hill Municipal Wellfield located nearby and similarly contaminated.
The remedy features: (1) extracting contaminated groundwater from the primary source area; (2)
treating it to Federal and State cleanup standards using an air stripper, (3) reinjecting the cleaned
water into the underlying aquifer, (4) connecting additional residences to the public water supply as
needed; (5) sealing private wells and monitoring wells within the contaminant plume; and (6)
starting a groundwater sampling program to monitor the effectiveness of the cleanup. The State took
the lead on design and implementation of the cleanup activities. Design is scheduled for completion
in late 1992. Cleanup is expected to begin at that time.
Environmental Progress
By supplying residences affected by contaminated groundwater with municipal water supplies, the
potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater has been greatly reduced while final cleanup
activities are taking place at the Montgomery Township Housing Development site.
April 1991 170 MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP
HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
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PROPFRTY'V / / 7 EPA REGION 2
KKUKtK MKN. V^/ CONGRESSIONALDIST. 12
NEW JERSEY
Franklin Township
EPA ID# NJD980654198 "
'1 JX\ \ f
Other Names:
Elko Chemical Company
Site Description
Several companies used the 8-acre Myers Property site to manufacture pesticides, beginning in the
early 1940s. The present owner purchased the property in 1971 and is using it as a residence.
Various drummed chemicals, as well as uncontained asbestos, were present at the site. Drinking
water wells on the property are not contaminated. Access to the site is restricted by a fence, but
people currently live adjacent to the fenced area. Cakepoulin Creek, a trout production stream, flows
next to the site and drains to the south branch of the Raritan River. Springs surface on the property
and flow into the creek and toward a wetland. Approximately 250 people live within a 1-mile radius
of the site. Area surface water is used for swimming and fishing.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Extensive groundwater contamination has been identified in the aquifer, including
various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides. Contaminants have not
migrated to potable wells. Building surfaces are contaminated with pesticides, while
soils are contaminated with pesticides, metals, and dioxin. The pesticides also were
detected in on-site surface spring samples. Part of the wetland is highly contaminated.
People living or having business on site could come in contact with or accidentally ingest
contaminants. DDT, one of the identified pesticides, poses a substantial environmental
threat.
171 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1984, the EPA removed contaminated material and packed it for
disposal. All identified contaminants were removed, including polluted soil, drummed
wastes, asbestos, and debris. The EPA installed a fence around the site and spread crushed
stone over low areas where rainwater had collected, as well as over parts of a dirt road. Warning
signs were posted on the fence. These response actions were completed by 1988.
Entire Site: The EPA completed a study of the nature and extent of contamination at the
site in 1990. Based on the results of this study, the EPA chose a remedy to address
contaminated soil, sediment, buildings, and groundwater in the shallow aquifer. The
remedy also includes an interim cleanup action for contaminated groundwater in the deeper bedrock
aquifer. The cleanup activities consist of excavating soils and sediments, treating organic-
contaminated soil by dechlorination, and then using soil washing to remove the inorganic
contaminants. The treated soils will be backfilled on site. After backfilling the treated soil, the
wetlands will be restored. Shallow groundwater will be extracted, treated on site, and either will be
reinjected into the ground or discharged into Cakepoulin Creek. The deeper bedrock groundwater
also will be extracted, treated, and reinjected into the ground or discharged to Cakepoulin Creek. A
second long-term remedial phase will be required to develop a final deep groundwater remedy.
Once the treatment is completed, the groundwater will be monitored to ensure it does not pose a
threat to potable wells in the area. The on-site buildings also will be decontaminated.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, drummed wastes, asbestos, and debris, and the installation of a
fence have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Myers
Property site while further cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 172 MYERS PROPERTY
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NASCOLITE
CORPORATIO
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD002362705
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Cumberland County
In the cities of Millville and Vineland
Site Description
From 1953 to 1980, Nascolite Corporation manufactured polymethyl methacrylate (MMA) sheets,
commonly known as plexiglass or acrylic, at this 17 1/2-acre site. The property lies on Doris
Avenue in both Millville and Vineland, in an area zoned residential and industrial. Approximately
7 acres were used for production; the rest of the site is wooded. Operators stored waste residues
from the distillation of scrap acrylic in buried tanks on the site. One of the tanks excavated was
perforated, an indication that liquid wastes may have leaked into the soils. In 1980, Nascolite ceased
operations after being cited and fined by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
for illegal discharges. State investigations in 1981 and 1983 disclosed significant concentrations of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil and groundwater. Inspectors also found more than one
hundred 55-gallon drums and several buried tanks, as well as asbestos, on the site. Much of the
waste subsequently was removed by the property owner, and the EPA removed the rest in 1987.
EPA studies in the mid-1980s confirmed the presence of VOCs and acid and base/neutral
extractables in soil and groundwater. Groundwater contamination is moving southward, but as of
1987, had not yet crossed the site boundaries. Drinking water wells are situated downgradient of the
site. The population within a 3-mile radius of the site is 20,000. Most people live about a mile south
of the site, but an apartment complex borders the property on the south, and one home lies within the
current site boundaries. There also are several residences near the site, along Doris Avenue, and
another residential area within 1/2 mile of the site. The area relies on public and private wells for
drinking supplies; groundwater also is used for irrigation and for commercial and industrial
purposes.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
MMA has been detected in air samples. Groundwater and soils are contaminated with
MMA; pthalates; VOCs including benzene, toluene, and trichloroethylene (TCE); and
lead. Surface soil samples from a ditch that was alleged to have received wastes from
surface water runoff showed high concentrations of lead. Sampling of the excavated
sludge wastes revealed MMA, phthalates, VOCs, lead, and naphthalene. These buried
wastes reportedly have been disposed of. Nearby residents may be exposed to chemicals
by coming in direct contact with or accidentally ingesting any of the contaminated soil,
sludge, or groundwater.
173
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and cleanup of the soils and on-site structures.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, under State orders, Nascolite removed some
contaminated soil from the site. The owner also removed much of the waste materials
from the site. In 1987, EPA workers placed a tarp above the lead-laden soil, cleared and
disassembled the tanks, removed remaining drums, disposed of asbestos wastes, and fenced the site.
Solid wastes were landfilled, and liquid wastes were incinerated. In 1989, the potentially
responsible parties extended a water line to residences where drinking water was threatened,
installing taps, water meters, service connections, and fire hydrants. Workers also repaved the
roadways and reseeded private lawns.
Groundwater Cleanup: The EPA selected a remedy for cleaning up groundwater in
1988. It features: (1) extracting groundwater and treating it on site, then reinjecting the
cleaned water into the aquifer, (2) performing additional studies to determine the
appropriate cleanup measures for contaminated soils and buildings on the site; and (3) providing an
alternative water supply for potentially affected residents. The Army Corps of Engineers began the
engineering design for this remedy in 1988. The design work is expected to be completed in 1993.
Soils and Buildings: The EPA completed a study of contaminated soils and buildings
on the site in 1990. The remedies are expected to be selected in 1991. Initial study results
indicate that solidification and stabilization of lead-contaminated soils, wetlands, and
demolition of the contaminated building on site are likely remedies.
Site Facts: In September 1987, the EPA sent the property owner a Notice Letter to offer the
opportunity to conduct emergency cleanup actions at the site. The owner declined to participate in
the site cleanup. The EPA has identified additional potentially responsible parties who have
performed cleanup actions on the site.
Environmental Progress
Initial cleanup work, including removal and isolation of contaminated soils, disposal of solid and
liquid wastes, fencing the site, and the provision of an alternate drinking water supply, has been done
at the Nascolite Corporation site. These actions have eliminated the immediate threats to the nearby
public and the environment while work continues on designing a groundwater treatment system and
additional investigations are underway.
April 1991 174 NASCOLITE CORPORATION
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EPAID#NJ7170023744
Site Description
NAVAL AIR \ LcfU EPA REGION 2
ivnvj-ii- run v, J^S-V^Jr CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
ENGINEERING
NEW JERSEY
The Naval Air Engineering Center (NAEC) site covers 7,382 acres and has been used continuously
for various research, maintenance, firefighter training, testing, and disposal activities conducted by
the U.S. Navy since the 1920s. Although the size of the Lakehurst facility and its operations have
changed over the years, its major function always has been development and testing of weapons
systems. On the basis of historical records, aerial photographs, field inspection, and personnel
interviews, the Navy identified 45 potentially contaminated areas at the Naval Air Engineering
Center. The 45 areas included landfills, open pits, unlined lagoons, and drainage ditches, several of
which appear to be in or near freshwater wetlands. The Navy reports that fuels, oils, metals,
solvents, and various other organic compounds were disposed of on the Center property. In 1988,
the EPA and the NAEC agreed that 42 areas at the facility should be subject to further investigation.
Fort Dix Military Reservation, agricultural lands, landfills, and a State wildlife refuge area are
adjacent to the site. The facility makes up a major portion of the Toms River drainage basin, and
several headwater tributaries originate on site, including Manapaqua Brook, Obhanan Ridgeway
Branch, Harris Branch, and North Ruckels Branch. Several ponds, both natural and excavated, are
on the site. The NAEC employs 4,800 people, and 1,370 people live on base. Most of these
residents are trainees who leave after about 6 months. Water supplies within a 3-mile radius of the
site are from public wells; the system serves approximately 7,100 people. The closest well is about
200 feet from the site. Monitoring has not detected any well contamination. Local surface water is
used for recreation and irrigation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil sampling has revealed the presence of metals and other inorganics,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE),
phenols, and petroleum hydrocarbons. Some stream sediments show levels of heavy
metals such as chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel and petroleum hydrocarbons above
background levels. People who come into direct contact with or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater, sediments, soil, or surface water may suffer adverse health
effects. An extensive, environmentally sensitive pineland preserve supporting
recreational, wildlife habitat, and agricultural uses surrounds the site and could be subject
to pollution from contaminated runoff.
175 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site currently is being addressed in seven long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of 42
areas of contamination across the site. Additional remedial phases continue to be added, based on
results of the ongoing studies.
Response Action Status
Site Area C: In 1991, the EPA and the Navy agreed on the technologies that will be
used as an interm measure to clean up the groundwater, employing groundwater pump
and treatment technologies. Cleanup technologies currently are being designed and
activities are expected to begin in fall 1991.
Site Area H: In 1991, the EPA and the Navy agreed to an additional pump and
treatment phase, as an interim measure, for contaminated groundwater in Site Area H.
The cleanup design is expected to be complete in the fall of 1991. A final set of cleanup
actions for this area will be chosen in 1993. Other contamination will be addressed in future
agreements.
Ten Areas: In 1989, the Navy began an investigation into the extent of contamination at
ten areas at the Naval Air Engineering Center that were considered potentially
contaminated. The study will recommend cleanup alternatives as they are needed.
Site Area 28: In 1989, the Navy began an investigation into the nature and extent of
petroleum contamination of the groundwater in Site Area 28. The EPA is expected to
make a decision on appropriate interim cleanup activities in late 1991.
Site Areas A and B: In 1989, the Navy began an investigation of groundwater
contaminated with petroleum and solvents for interim cleanup actions in Site Areas A and
B. The EPA is expected to approve the proposed interim measures to restrict water flow
into a stream and sensitive wetlands in late 1991.
Soil: In 1989, the Navy began investigations at 5 areas of the site, where prior cleanup
actions have removed contaminated soils, to determine if there is residual contamination.
Preliminary results indicated that no further cleanup actions will be required at these
areas. Final decisions for each area is expected in 1992.
Additional Areas: The Navy is conducting investigations to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at additional site areas. This investigation is expected to split
into several additional cleanup stages with separate remedy selections. All studies and
selection of final cleanup remedies are expected to be completed in 1993.
ApriM991 176 NAVAL AIR ENGINEERING CENTER
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Site Facts: The NAEC is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded
program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and
control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities. Under an
Interagency Agreement with the EPA, the Navy has agreed to deadlines, timetables, and EPA review
of decisions involving cleanup technologies.
Environmental Progress
The Navy is conducting studies to determine final cleanup strategies and is beginning to conduct
cleanup activities for the Naval Air Engineering Center site. While these investigations and cleanup
activities are underway, the EPA has determined that the site does not pose an imminent threat to the
surrounding communities or the environment.
NAVAL AIR ENGINEERING CENTER
177
April 1991
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NAVAL
-•— " ~"^T Q / ) ^^CONGRESSIONAL DIST
STATION
(SITE A)
/V \"V ] f Other Names:
NEW JERSEY J ^\K My EaHe Naval w««p°ns Stat|on
EPA ID#NJ0170022172
Site Description —
The Naval Weapons Station Earle covers 10,428 acres in Colts Neck. Since the early 1940s, the
U.S. Navy has handled, stored, and renovated munitions at the station. These operations involve
preserving and maintaining ammunition, missile components, and explosives. The station also has
conducted activities unrelated to weaponry, such as radiological operations, materials storage, and
waste disposal processes. The site encompasses 29 waste areas identified by the Navy; 27 of the
waste areas are being studied for cleanup activities as part of this site, and two are being licensed
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Wastes generated include weapons
materials, grit and paint, paint scrapings, solvent and paint sludges, lead bullets from small arms
ranges, and metals including lead, zinc, and titanium. There was a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
spill in one area, and contaminated soil was removed off site for disposal. The area lies over six
hydraulically connected aquifers. About 300 people are served by surface water within 3 miles
downstream of contaminated areas of the site; a water supply intake lies 2 miles downriver.
Approximately 1,900 residents live within a 3-mile radius of the station, and there are 500 homes on
the base. An estimated 320 private and municipal wells serve 1,200 people within a 3-mile radius,
and groundwater also is used for irrigation. Local surface water is used for recreation and also for
crop irrigation. The headwaters and drainage basins of three major Coastal Plain rivers, the
Swimming, the Manasquan, and the Shark, are present on the Main Base.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
Groundwater, surface water, sediments, and soils are suspected to contain lead, zinc, and
titanium. People who come into direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminants
could suffer adverse health effects. Since the facility is an active munitions storage site,
public access is restricted, although hazardous areas may not be off-limits to base
personnel.
179 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at the cleanup of two distinct
groups of waste areas.
Response Action Status
11 Waste Areas: In late 1989, the Navy submitted draft investigative work plans to the
EPA. These investigations began in 1991 and are exploring the nature and extent of
contamination in 11 separate areas of the site where contamination is suspected in the
groundwater, soil, and sediment. The Navy has installed groundwater monitoring wells and has
performed soil, sediment, and groundwater sampling. The EPA is expected to choose a cleanup
approach in 1993.
16 Waste Areas: The Navy submitted a work plan in spring 1991 for an investigation
of the nature and extent of contamination and to identify cleanup alternatives at 16 other
waste areas. Field work is expected to begin later in 1991.
Site Facts: The Station is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded
program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and
control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The Navy is conducting investigations to identify cleanup strategies for 27 of the 29 areas of
contamination. The two remaining areas will be addressed under RCRA guidelines. The EPA has
determined that the Naval Weapons Station site does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding
population or the environment while the investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup
remedy are taking place.
April 1991 180 NAVAL WEAPONS
STATION EARLE (SITE A)
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Site Description
Ml IIMDUSTRIE^r ^~v At/ EPAREGIONZ
IML IIMUUO I rUCOf :^7 CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD061843249
Other Names:
National Smelting of New Jersey
The 46-acre NL Industries site is a former secondary lead smelting facility that operated from 1972
to 1982 off Penns Grove-Pedricktown Road. In 1983, the site was sold to National Smelting of New
Jersey, Inc., which operated it until 1984. During its years of operation, the company recycled lead
from spent automotive batteries and separated the plastic from the rubber casings. After the rubber
and plastic were separated, the plastic was reprocessed, and the rubber was placed in a membrane-
lined landfill. The landfill contains process wastes, including slag and rubber materials from the
batteries and contaminated soils. Railroad tracks run through the center of the site. Two streams are
near the site, and there is a marshy area on site. The site is located in a rural area, with
approximately 2,500 people living within 3 miles of the site boundary. The Cape May aquifer
underlies the site and serves as a source of drinking water, crop irrigation, and process water. Most
of the area residents are served by municipal water wells, although some nearby homes rely solely
on private wells. The Delaware River is approximately 1 1/2 miles from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with heavy metals including lead and cadmium.
Sampling at the on-site marshy area and the two nearby streams has identified elevated
levels of lead in the surface water and sediments. Municipal water wells and nearby
residential wells have not been affected by the site; however, the migration of
contaminants in the groundwater may threaten these wells in the future. Moreover,
people may be exposed to health risks if contaminated soils, surface water, or sediments
in and around the site are accidentally ingested or contacted.
181 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of surface water, groundwater, soils, and sediments; and ponded water, slag
piles, building structures, and debris.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1989 and 1990, the EPA restricted access to the site by installing a
fence, temporarily capping the on-site slag piles to prevent the migration of contaminants,
removing over 40,000 pounds of the most hazardous materials at the site for recycling or
proper disposal, removing 2,200 empty steel drums for incineration and recycling, emptying on-site
containers holding materials that potentially could be released and storing the containers in a bermed
area, and removing copper wire and other items of value to discourage trespassing.
Surface Water, Groundwater, Soils, and Sediments: NL Industries, Inc., under
EPA monitoring, is investigating the nature and extent of contamination at the site and is
evaluating various cleanup alternatives. The first phase of the investigation included the
installation of two on-site monitoring wells; the sampling of on-site and selected off-site
residential wells; and sampling of surface water, soil, sediment, slag and waste materials. The
second phase of the investigation included additional groundwater and surface water sampling to
further characterize the nature and extent of contamination at the site. Field work has been
completed and is undergoing EPA review. The EPA is expected to designate cleanup technologies
in late 1992.
Ponded Water, Slag Piles, Building Structures, and Debris: The EPA currently
is conducting a focused investigation to identify and evaluate cleanup alternatives for an
early action targeted at further site stabilization. The field work is completed and
recommendations are expected in the summer of 1991.
Site Facts: In 1982, the State issued an Administrative Order on Consent requiring NL Industries
to clean up the site, conduct groundwater monitoring, and install a groundwater abatement system.
The Order was amended in 1983 to reflect the purchase of the site by National Smelting of New
Jersey. National Smelting and its parent corporations filed for bankruptcy in 1984. In 1985, the
responsibility for cleanup of the site was transferred from the State to the EPA. In 1986, NL
Industries signed a Consent Order with the EPA under which the company agreed to investigate the
site.
Environmental Progress
Access restrictions and removal activities have significantly reduced the threat of exposure to
hazardous materials at the NL Industries site while further investigations leading to selection of the
final cleanup remedy are taking place.
April 1991 182 NL INDUSTRIES
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PEPE FIELD
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD9805295!
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Morris County
Town of Boonton
Site Description
Pepe Field covers approximately 3 acres in a marshy area. The site was used by E.F. Drew Co. as a
landfill from the 1920s until 1950. The company disposed of unknown quantities of processing waste
from the manufacture of edible oils and cleansing and soap products for household and industrial use.
From 1950 until the mid-1960s, the site remained an open, unused area until the Town of Boonton
purchased the property. During the mid-1960s, the Town filled and covered the site with up to 10 feet
of soil in preparation for construction of a recreational facility. This facility included tennis courts, a
baseball field, a playground area, and a refreshment stand. In 1969, the Town implemented an odor
abatement plan for the area, which consisted of a 14-foot gravel curtain drain extending 150 feet
around the site, with a sump for leachate collection and treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The
pumphouse discharges into a culvert that ultimately discharges into the Rockaway River, upstream of
the Jersey City Reservoir, a potable water source. Presently, the recreation field is inactive and is
enclosed by a 4-foot chain-link fence, although access can be gained through a break in the enclosure.
The area around the site is mainly suburban. Approximately 90,000 people within a 3-mile radius of
the site depend primarily on groundwater for drinking purposes.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with the heavy metals arsenic, barium,
cadmium, lead, and mercury. The soil also is contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Metals and VOCs are contaminating the surface water.
Accidental ingestion or direct contact with the contaminated groundwater, surface
water, or soil could pose a health hazard to individuals. Field investigations showed that
concentrations of combustible gases are often present on the site.
183
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State plans to clean up the site in compliance with New Jersey's
regulations governing closure and post-closure of sanitary landfills. The cleanup will
include maintaining a site cover; installing a landfill gas collection and treatment system;
upgrading and maintaining a leachate collection and treatment system; and monitoring the
groundwater, leachate, and off-site soil gas. Design of these remedies began in 1991, and are
expected to be completed in 1993. The State expects to complete cleanup activities in 1995 and
plans to continue monitoring the groundwater, leachate, and off-site soil gas after the site cleanup is
completed.
Environmental Progress
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, with EPA assistance, has ensured that
Pepe Field does not present an imminent threat to the surrounding community or the environment
while the design of the final remedies is being prepared.
ApriM991
184
PEPE FIELD
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PICATINNY
ARSENAL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJ3210020704
Site Description
The Picatinny Arsenal covers 6,491 acres in Morris County. The arsenal has been in operation for
over 100 years, and it was a major source of ammunitions in wartime. Currently, its primary mission
is research, development, and pilot plant production of explosives and propellants for the Army. At
least 54 potentially hazardous locations exist on the site, according to a 1987 New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection report. They include areas for testing rocket fuels,
munitions, and propellants; areas where chemicals and shells were buried; surface impoundments;
landfills; drum storage areas; and a sludge bed. The arsenal's 6,400 employees obtain their drinking
water from two wells upgradient from an area of confirmed groundwater contamination. The
surrounding areas are suburban, as well as summer vacation areas. There are several homes that
depend on private wells for drinking water located at the southern end of the facility. The Army and
the State have sampled the wells several times, and no contamination has been detected. Lake
Denmark and Picatinny Lake, which is on the base, are used for recreational activities. Groundwater
contamination does not appear to have migrated off site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Monitoring wells and soils adjacent to unlined lagoons, which until 1981 held wastewater
from metal plating and etching facilities, are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and an organic
pesticide were found in the sediments of the Green Pond Brook. In 1982, the brook was
dredged, and the materials were piled nearby. Site studies have found metals, explosives,
and trace amounts of dioxin in a defined area; access to that area has been restricted. The
contaminated groundwater, soil, and sediments could pose a health hazard through direct
contact with or accidental ingestion. In addition, the contaminants from the site could
pollute the waters of Green Pond Brook, Lake Denmark, and Picatinny Lake.
185 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of Building 24,
Building 95, the Burning Ground areas, and the remaining areas of contamination discovered during
the 1989 site investigation.
Response Action Status
Building 24 Area: In 1989, the Army selected the following remedies for cleaning up
the area around Building 24, with agreement of the EPA and the State: (1) extraction of
contaminated groundwater, (2) installation of a pre-treatment system for the removal of
metals and solids; (3) air stripping to remove VOCs; (4) filtering to remove VOCs from the air
stripper exhaust and additional VOCs from the air stripper effluent; (5) discharging treated water via
a holding tank and piping it to Green Pond Brook; (6) operation and maintenance of the system; and
(7) effluent monitoring. The Army completed the design requirements for the cleanup of the area.
Construction of the groundwater remedy began in December 1990, with operation of the system
expected to start in 1991. Cleanup of soils contaminated with heavy metals is being addressed under
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Building 95 Area: The Army is conducting a study to determine the extent and the
nature of contamination in this area. The study is expected to be completed in late 1992,
when cleanup methods will be chosen. Contaminated soils are being investigated under
RCRA.
Burning Ground Area: The Army is investigating this area of the site to determine the
nature and extent of contamination in soil groundwater, surface water, and sediment. This
study is expected to be completed in early 1992.
Remaining Areas: A site investigation was completed for 35 areas in 1989.
Information from this investigation, as well as information from the U.S. Geological
Survey on the Building 24, Building 95, and the Burning Ground areas was used as
background information for a plan submitted to the EPA in 1991. The concept plan prioritized areas
for investigation and listed over 100 new areas for potential cleanup. Several other areas may
require cleanup and will become future remedial phases. The investigation will be split into three
phases because of the size of the area. The first phase will begin in 1991.
Site Facts: Picatinny Arsenal is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially
funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate,
and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities. An
Interagency Agreement was signed by the Army and the EPA in May 1991.
Environmental Progress
Construction of the groundwater cleanup remedy currently is underway at the Picatinny Arsenal site.
While further investigations leading to the selection of final remedies for the remaining
contaminated areas are being conducted, the EPA has determined that there is no immediate danger
to the nearby residents or the environment.
April 1991 186 PICATINNY ARSENAL
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Site Description
PIJAK FARM REGION 2
riUMiv FMRIVI W^f^rV^/ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980532808
The Pijak Farm site is located on Fischer Road, approximately 2 miles northeast of New Egypt. The
site area consists of approximately 87 acres and is relatively flat, with portions that drop off into a
marshy, wooded flood plain. From 1963 to 1970, drums and free-flowing liquids from a facility
disposing of specialty and research chemicals were dumped into a natural ditch that ran through the
site and later were covered with soil. There are approximately 3,740 drums on the site. The
deteriorated remains of drums are visible along the edge of the flood plain. In 1980, the State found
that groundwater was contaminated by organic chemicals. Groundwater is the only source of
drinking water in the vicinity of the site. Pijak Farm is one of four NPL sites, including Goose and
Spence Farms and the Friedman Property, within a 2-mile radius. An estimated 6,600 people reside
within 3 miles of the site, and 1,500 residents depend on groundwater, found only 12 feet below the
surface, for drinking water and other domestic purposes. The nearest well is 700 feet from the site.
Groundwater also is used for irrigation and stock watering in surrounding agricultural areas.
Municipal drinking water wells are located about 2 miles away from the site. Also nearby are
Crosswicks Creek and its two unnamed tributaries, which are used for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
The groundwater is polluted with the volatile organic compound (VOC) benzene and
phthalates, a plastics by-product. The sediments and surface waters are contaminated
with VOCs and the pesticide DDT. Groundwater is contaminated near the ravine that
discharges to Crosswicks Creek and thereby contributes to sediment and surface water
contamination. Soil contaminants include the VOC xylene, organic acids, and low
concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Accidental ingestion or inhalation
of airborne dust from DDT-contaminated sediments, drinking the polluted groundwater,
or being exposed to the contaminated creek during recreational activities could pose a
health threat The site lies on a flood plain, and if flooding occurs, contamination could
migrate from the site. The pollutants may seep deeper into the groundwater, causing
further sediment and surface water contamination.
187 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Based on the results of the site investigation, the EPA selected the following
methods for cleanup of the site: (1) removal and off-site disposal of all drums and lab
packs at a federally approved disposal facility; (2) excavation and off-site disposal of
visibly contaminated soil at a federally approved disposal facility; (3) pumping and removal of
contaminated groundwater, as necessary, during excavation; (4) monitoring of on-site wells annually
for a five-year period; and (5) sediment control during excavation and sampling efforts. The party
potentially responsible for the site contamination, under State monitoring, completed the removal
and disposal of on-site contaminated drums, lab packs, and soil to an approved facility in late 1990.
Monitoring of on-site wells will be continued for an additional four years to ensure the effectiveness
of the groundwater treatment remedy.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent between Morton Thiokol and the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection was signed in 1985. The EPA filed a suit against Morton
Thiokol in December 1986 to recover costs that had been spent thus far in the cleanup process and
reached a settlement in 1990.
Environmental Progress
All contaminated surface materials and soils have been removed from the site and were transported
to an EPA-approved disposal facility. All cleanup goals have been met, and the Pijak Farm site will
be closely monitored to assure the effectiveness of these remedies.
April 1991 188 PIJAK FARM
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Site Description
P IP I AWinPII I tr^^l&^rihJ EPA REGION 2
f Jf LMIMUriLL l^mj CONGRESSIONAL DIST. u
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505648
Other Names:
Pulaski Skyway
The PJP Landfill covers 87 acres in Jersey City. The landfill has a history of underground fires. The
site may have been used since 1968 to dispose of an unknown quantity of chemical and industrial
wastes. The State certified the landfill to receive solid wastes in 1971. The site is presently closed,
and it is fenced with an unguarded entrance gate that prevents vehicular access but does not control
pedestrian access. Approximately 11,900 people reside within a 1-mile radius of the site. The
closest residence is within 1,000 feet of the site. A high-rise apartment complex and a park are
within 1/2 mile. The site is bordered by the Hackensack River on the west. The river is used for
boating and for commercial shipping.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater in the vicinity of the site is contaminated with the heavy metal
chromium, phenols, various pesticides, and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The
leachate from the site is contaminated with VOCs including benzene and chlorobenzene
and the heavy metal lead. Potential health risks exist through the accidental ingestion of
or direct contact with contaminated groundwater and leachate. Because it is used for
recreational boating, pollution of the Hackensack River could present a health threat.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at
cleanup of the entire site.
189 April 1991
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Response Action Status
initial Actions: Interim cleanup actions involving major excavation work and capping,
were conducted by the State in 1985 to extinguish the fires. In addition, a gas venting
system was installed to prevent the buildup of gases under the landfill surface.
Entire Site: The State began an investigation to determine the nature and extent of
contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup. The first phase of the site
investigation, which included field sampling, was completed in 1991. Additional studies
may be required before the State can select a final cleanup remedy.
Environmental Progress
Initial actions to extinguish the underground fires and the installation of a gas venting system have
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous contaminants at the site. The State currently is
conducting an investigation that will lead to the selection of final cleanup remedies for the PJP
Landfill site. The EPA has determined that while these investigations are ongoing, the site does not
pose an imminent threat to the surrounding communities or the environment.
April 1991
190
PJP LANDFILL
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POHATCONG VALLEY
GROUND WATER
CONTAMINATION
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD981179047
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
NGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Warren County
ishington and Franklin Townships
Other Names:
Brass Castle-Broadway
New Jersey Water Company
igton Borough Well Contamination
The Pohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination site involves the contamination of the
Kittatinny Limestone Aquifer underlying the Pohatcong Valley. The shallow aquifer serves as the
sole source of drinking water for public and private wells in the area. The site includes those
portions of Franklin Township, Washington Township, and Washington Borough lying in the Valley
and encompasses approximately 5,600 acres. Pohatcong Creek is the primary surface water drainage
for the Valley. The creek meanders through the valley in the direction of the Delaware River.
Analyses of two public water supply wells in 1978 and 1979 revealed high levels of
tetrachloroethylene, prompting die closing of one well and the installation of a carbon filtration
system at the other. In 1984 and 1985, the Warren County Health Department identified a number
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 79 private wells throughout the Valley. Approximately
12,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. The
Kittatinny Limestone Aquifer serves as the sole source of drinking water for both private and public
wells in the area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and County actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/30/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is polluted with various VOCs. The Pohatcong Valley residents are
currently on a new potable water supply. However, a health risk may be present for the
40 residents who refused hookup to newly installed public wells.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
191
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In cases where the drinking water exceeded human health safety
standards, Warren County supplied bottled water to affected residences. In 1988, the New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection began to hook up affected residences to
public water supply wells.
Entire Site: The EPA has begun an extensive investigation to determine the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup. The
investigation is scheduled for completion in 1993. Once completed, the EPA will review
the study findings and cleanup alternatives and will select the final cleanup remedy.
Environmental Progress
The provision of a safe drinking water supply has eliminated the potential of exposure to hazardous
substances in the drinking water and will continue to protect the households near the Pohatcong
Valley Ground Water Contamination site until cleanup activities are completed and groundwater
resources are returned to safety standards.
April 1991
192
POHATCONG VALLEY GROUND WATER
CONTAMINATION
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POMONA OA
RESIDENTIAL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980769350
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Atlantic County
Galloway Township
The Pomona Oaks Residential Wells site provides well service to about 200 single-family homes in
a rural residential area of Galloway Township. The residential lots range in size from 1/4 to 1/2 acre
and the wells are 50 to 60 feet deep. Initially, nearly all of the 200 homes in the residential area
relied upon private wells as the sole source of drinking water. In 1982, residents complained to the
State about a foul taste and odor in their drinking water. Subsequent sampling showed the presence
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the water, which resulted in bottled water being provided
to some of the area residents. By 1985, all Pomona Oaks subdivision residences were connected to
the nearby Absecon water supply. A new primary water well for the community was designed and
constructed by the State and is now operative. Existing wells at the site have been sealed.
Approximately 8,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 0$A)l/86
Threats and Contaminants
Testing for a variety of indoor air contaminants detected the presence of the VOCs
benzene and xylenes, as well as aromatics. The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs.
Actions taken in 1984 and 1989 to replace private wells with a public water supply and
the installation of a new primary well have eliminated any health threat from
contaminated groundwater.
193
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the EPA began providing bottled water to area residents.
The local water supplier, New Jersey Water Co., extended water lines, and the distribution
system was installed in 1985 to serve the affected homes. Existing wells at the site have
been sealed. A new primary water well for the community was designed by the State, and
construction was completed in 1988. The well was put in service in August 1989.
Groundwater: The EPA began a study into the nature and extent of air and groundwater
contamination at the site in 1986. A report detailing the study results was issued in 1990.
It was determined that no further action is necessary at this site because contamination
levels have fallen below levels requiring cleanup action, and nearby residents have been provided
with safe drinking water. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection is overseeing
groundwater monitoring and conducting sampling downgradient of the site to ensure there is no
threat to the public or the environment. The EPA currently is developing a groundwater monitoring
plan, which is scheduled to be put in place in late 1991.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate safe drinking water source to the residents of the Pomona Oaks
subdivision, the possibility of exposure to polluted water was virtually eliminated. The
investigations into the extent of the contamination have been completed, and it was determined that
the site no longer poses a threat to the surrounding community or the environment. Procedures to
remove the site from the NPL are underway, and the EPA will continue to monitor conditions at the
site and will report the results to the public.
April 1991 194 POMONA OAKS RESIDENTIAL WELLS
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Site Description
PRICE LANDFILkBt'S /SI/ EPA REGION 2
miOC LMI^UrlLE/ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
NEW JERSEY . .
EPA ID# NJD070281175 1 ^ Harbor Townsh,p
Other Names:
Price Chem Dump
Price's Pit
The 26-acre Price Landfill site is located in Egg Harbor Township. The site originally was a sand
and gravel excavation operation that closed in 1968. Beginning in 1971, the Price landfilling
operation began to accept a combination of both drummed and bulk liquid wastes. Initial listings of
wastes consisted of industrial chemicals, sludges, oil, grease, septic tank, and sewer wastes. Tank
trucks emptied bulk waste into the pit, and others dumped punctured and unpunctured drums.
Chemical waste disposal ended in late 1972, sludge disposal in spring 1973, and municipal waste
disposal ended in 1976. During its operation, it is estimated that over 9 million gallons of chemical
waste were disposed of at the site. Groundwater in the area is seriously contaminated. The drinking
water supply for Atlantic City had been threatened until relocation of the water supply wells took
place. Approximately 100 houses are located within 1 1/2 miles of the site, with a total population
estimated at 380. Land use in the immediate area consists of residential properties, small business
properties, sand and gravel excavations, and undeveloped rural lots. There are four sites on the NPL
and three other landfills in the drainage basin feeding Absecon Creek, which runs near the site.
Illegal dumping still is occurring.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including lead and cadmium, and the
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) benzene, chloroform, vinyl chloride, and methylene
chloride. Health risks may exist for individuals accidentally drinking or coming in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater. Groundwater contamination also may threaten
Absecon Creek and other nearby creeks.
195 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach —
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on wells/plume management/source control and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA provided drinking water from tank trucks to the affected
residences and, in 1981, 37 affected residences were connected to the New Jersey Water
Company (NJWC) system. To ensure that the contaminant plume would not reach the
Atlantic County Municipal Utilities Authority (ACMUA) public water supply well field, the EPA
and the State of New Jersey constructed an interconnection with the NJWC System, redeveloped
three ACMUA production wells, installed granular activated carbon filtration units, and
implemented a water conservation program.
Wells/Plume Management/Source Control: From 1983 to 1985, the State
~ replaced and relocated the ACMUA water supply well field and transmission facilities and
conducted additional analysis of the plume management, source control, and treatment
alternatives.
Entire Site: The EPA has selected the following site cleanup actions: (1) installation of
a security fence around the landfill site; (2) installation of groundwater extraction wells
adjacent to the landfill to control the contaminant source; (3) installation of groundwater
extraction wells hydraulically downgradient from the landfill to stop the contaminant plume; (4)
construction of a groundwater/leachate pre-treatment facility at or near the site; (5) construction of a
force main to the ACMUA interceptor system; (6) extraction of contaminated groundwater followed
by pre-treatment and ultimate disposal and treatment at the ACMUA wastewater treatment plant; (7)
quarterly monitoring of groundwater for approximately 25 years; and (8) construction of a landfill
cap at the conclusion of the groundwater extraction process. The State began design of the various
cleanup alternatives in 1987. Design activities recently were halted when the ACMUA wastewater
treatment plant refused to accept wastewater from the on-site treatment facility. The New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection currently is reviewing alternatives for on-site disposal of
the groundwater.
Site Facts: Notice letters were sent to potentially responsible parties in February 1982, and in
January 1987. The EPA, the State of New Jersey, and the ACMUA reached an agreement with
approximately 50 companies and individuals to provide for the payment of part of the costs of
cleaning up the landfill. This sum will remain in an escrow account, subject to the final negotiation
of a judicial Consent Decree.
Environmental Progress
An interceptor system was installed to prevent the migration of the contaminant plume from the
Price Landfill site from reaching the Atlantic City Municipal Utilities Authority water system, and
affected residents have been supplied with a safe drinking water source, thus significantly reducing
the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater while the site awaits final cleanup actions.
April 1991 196 PRICE UVNDFILL
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RADIATION
TECHNOLO
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD047684451
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Morris County
Rockaway Township
Radiation Technology, Inc. (RTI) is located on a 15-acre site close to Lake Denmark in
Rockaway Township. Since 1970, operations on the site have included radiation sterilization,
production of architectural products, and production and finishing of hardwood flooring.
Radiation sterilization is the only activity currently performed at the facility. Beginning in 1980,
the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and the Rockaway Township
Health Department (RTHD) conducted numerous inspections of the site. These inspections
revealed that the company improperly stored and disposed of waste drums containing solvents
and other organic chemicals. In 1981, the RTHD sampled two RTI water supply wells. Results
indicated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) had contaminated the groundwater supplying
these wells. They subsequently were condemned by the New Jersey Department of Health and
the NJDEP and were closed. The area is totally dependent upon groundwater for drinking
supplies. The size of the population within a 2-mile radius of the site is 20,000. The area around
the site is generally rural and light industrial. The site is immediately northeast of the U.S. Army
Picatinny Arsenal facility, which also is on the NPL. The wooded areas surrounding the site are
used for hunting.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with VOCs including benzene, carbon
tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene (TCE). A surface water stream, originating
from a production well and connected to Lake Denmark, also was found to be
contaminated with VOCs. Lake Denmark and its aquatic life may be threatened
from groundwater and surface water VOC contamination. Health risks may exist
for individuals who drink the contaminated well water or come into direct contact
with the contaminated waters. Although the two on-site wells at the site are not
used now for drinking water, one of them previously was used as a drinking well.
Thus, individuals drinking from this well prior to 1981 may have been exposed to
VOCs.
197
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State initiated an investigation to determine the type and extent of
contamination on the site and to identify alternative technologies for the cleanup. The
majority of the remaining field work involves sampling and analysis of the monitoring
wells. The investigation is expected to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: On July 6,1983, the NJDEP and Radiation Technology, Inc. signed a judicial
Consent Order. This Order required Radiation Technology to install groundwater monitoring
wells and to collect samples for VOC analyses to determine the source of the contamination. On
March 12,1987, Radiation Technology entered into an Administrative Order on Consent with
the NJDEP and agreed to pay the cost of an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The investigation leading to the selection of final cleanup technologies is underway. While these
studies are taking place, the EPA has determined that the Radiation Technology site does not
pose an imminent threat to the surrounding residents or the environment.
April 1991 198 RADIATION TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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REICH FARMS
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980529713
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Ocean County
1 mile northeast of Toms River
in Dover Township
The Reich Farm site is an open, relatively flat, sandy area covering approximately 3 acres in Dover
Township. The site is surrounded by commercial facilities and wooded areas. During a 5-month
period in 1971, the site, which had been leased from the Reich Farm owners by an independent
waste hauler, was used illegally for the disposal of drums containing organic solvents, still bottoms,
and residues from the manufacturing of organic chemicals, plastics, and resins. In December 1971,
the owners of the property discovered approximately 4,500 drums containing wastes on a portion of
the land that they had rented out. These drums bore labels indicating that they belonged to the
Union Carbide Corporation. Trenches into which wastes were believed to have been dumped also
were found. From 1972 to 1974, drums, trench waste, and contaminated soil were removed from
the site by Union Carbide. In addition, contaminated private wells were closed and a zoning
ordinance was passed preventing further groundwater use in the area. Approximately 565 people
work or live within a 1/4-mile radius of the site. The population served by groundwater within a
3-mile radius of the site is 106,500. The nearest residence is about 1,500 feet southwest of the site.
Land use in the general vicinity of the site is predominantly commercial, residential, and
agricultural. The area overlies the Cohansey aquifer, a major source of drinking water for Dover
Township and the surrounding area. The site is located 1,000 feet from an intermittent stream
draining into the Toms River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with low levels of organics, including trichloroethylene
(TCE). The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) toluene and TCE were detected in soils
just east of a construction company shop building located on site. The surface soils on
site show no significant contamination; however, hot spots are present in the subsurface
soils. These hot spots are contaminated with both VOCs and semi-volatile organics.
Potential health risks exist for individuals, especially on-site workers, who make direct
contact with or accidentally ingest the contaminated soils or groundwater.
199
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach —
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at
the cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1972, approximately 5,095 drums and trench wastes were removed.
In 1974, about 50 drums and approximately 1,100 cubic yards of contaminated soil were
removed from the site by Union Carbide. Also in 1974,148 private wells near the Reich
Farm site were ordered closed by the Dover Township Board of Health after sampling of a number
of wells indicated the presence of organic contaminants. A zoning ordinance restricting ground-
water use was established in the area of Reich Farm, based on a recommendation by the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection. Residences in the immediate vicinity of the site are
connected to a permanent alternate water supply.
Entire Site: The remedies selected by the EPA to clean up the site include: (1) the
installation of extraction wells; (2) treatment of extracted groundwater by air stripping
and carbon adsorption; (3) discharge of the treated groundwater into injection wells
upgradient of the site; (4) excavation of approximately 1,100 cubic yards of soil contaminated with
VOCs and treatment in an enhanced volatilization unit; (5) backfilling the excavated area with the
treated soils; (6) excavation of approximately 900 cubic yards of soil contaminated with semi-
volatile organics and off-site incineration; and (7) off-site disposal of the soil at an EPA-approved
facility and backfilling with clean fill. Under EPA monitoring, Union Carbide is undertaking
additional sampling and performing treatability studies on alternate soil treatment technologies, as
well as treatability studies on the chosen soil remedy. Based on these studies, the EPA will approve
the most appropriate soil treatment method. Union Carbide will complete the technical design in
late 1992.
Site Facts: Notification/Information Request Letters were sent to the parties potentially
responsible for the contamination in October 1983. A Consent Decree between the potentially
responsible parties and the EPA was entered in court in March 1990. Under this decree, Union
Carbide will perform cleanup activities at the site, and the property owners will provide access.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums, wastes, and contaminanted soil and the restriction of groundwater use have
reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants at the Reich Farms site. The remedy selections have
been made and reviewed by the EPA. The potentially responsible party has begun the design of the
selected technologies. While these activities are taking place, the EPA has determined that the site
does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding residents or the environment.
April!991 200 REICH FARMS
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Site Description
RENORA INC ^•FW^r REGION 2
nEivvsrui, nvvr. J *r CONGRESSIONAL DIST. oe
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD070415005
The 1-acre Renora, Inc. site was used for the collection and hauling of waste oil and hazardous
wastes from 1978 to 1982. During its operation, oils and hazardous waste materials were accepted,
stored, blended, and, ultimately, placed in drums and abandoned at the site. The New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) inspection reports consistently noted lack of site
security, poor housekeeping, and leaking drums and tankers. The NJDEP detected several minor
spills on site in 1978 and subsequently determined that Renora lacked the proper registration to act
as a special waste transfer station. In 1980, the NJDEP ordered Renora to cease all activities and
clean up the site. Subsequent investigation by the NJDEP showed that, while Renora had ceased
operations, it had not begun any efforts to clean up the site. As a result, Renora's license was
revoked. All cleanup activities at the site by the owner ceased in 1980 due to lack of funds. The site
was abandoned in 1982, after more than a year of inactivity. The site presently is enclosed by a
chain-link fence. The site is located in a heavily populated area of Edison Township.
Approximately 2,200 people live in Bonhantown within the Township.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater underlying the site area is contaminated with various heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Sediments are contaminated with polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals including cadmium and zinc. The soil
was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and still is contaminated with
PAHs, VOCs, and heavy metals including zinc and cadmium. Surface water is
contaminated with cadmium and zinc. On-site workers and, to a lesser extent, area
residents could be exposed to site-related contaminants through direct contact.
201 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and cleanup of PAH-contaminated soils.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA started removing site contaminants in 1984, and the
potentially responsible parties took over these actions under EPA monitoring shortly
thereafter. Approximately 1,000 drums, 20 to 30 tankers, truck trailers, and 200 tons of
visibly contaminated soils have been removed from the site.
Entire Site: The EPA selected cleanup remedies for contamination at the site, which
include: removal of PCB-contaminated soils and placement in an EPA-approved
hazardous waste landfill; on-site treatment of PAH-contaminated soils using
bioremediation; and decontamination of the groundwater by using it as an irrigation mechanism in the
bioremediation. The removal of PCB-contaminated soils was completed in 1990. Approximately
2,000 cubic yards of soil containing PCBs was excavated and transported to an off-site federally
approved facility. Remaining contaminated soils will be cleaned up by the potentially responsible
parties, under EPA monitoring.
PAH-Contaminated Soils: Additional studies showed bioremediation of the PAH-
contaminated soils to be an ineffective treatment; therefore, new studies are underway to
re-define this contamination and to investigate alternatives for cleanup. These new
studies are expected to be completed in late 1991.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup actions described above have removed the exposed sources of contamination and have
greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Renora, Inc. site.
Continuing actions at the site will reduce soil and groundwater contamination to safety levels.
April 1991 202 RENORA, INC.
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NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980529739
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Magnetite mines were operated on the 500-acre Ringwood Mines/Landfill site as early as the 1700s,
and wastes have been disposed of at the site since the 1960s. The site is about 1/2 mile wide and
1 1/2 miles long and consists of rugged forested areas, open areas overgrown with vegetation,
abandoned mine shafts and surface pits, an inactive landfill, an industrial refuse disposal area, small
surficial dumps, a municipal recycling center, the Ringwood Borough garage, and about 50 private
homes. Two abandoned mines, Peter's Mine and Cannon Mine, have been filled with garbage over
the years. Peter's Mine also contains paint sludges, solvents, and scrap metal. Several drums have
been observed in Cannon Mine. Mining ended at the site in the early 1900s, and the history of the
site is unclear from then until the late 1930s. The site was purchased by the U.S. Government prior
to 1940 and later was sold to a succession of owners. From 1967 until 1974, Ringwood Realty, one
of the former owners, deposited waste products for Ford Motor Company including car parts,
solvents, and paint sludges, on the ground surface and in abandoned mine shafts. In 1970,
Ringwood Realty donated 290 acres in the southern portion of the site to the Ringwood Solid Waste
Management Authority, which began operating a permitted municipal disposal area in 1972. The
landfill was closed by the State in 1976. Groundwater beneath the site discharges to surface streams
and the Wanaque Reservoir, located 1/2 mile southeast of the on-site sludge disposal area. The area
around the site is primarily residential, with about 50 residences located on or near disposal areas.
Approximately 20 water supply wells draw water from the bedrock aquifer, which supplies a few
residences and industries in the area. Approximately 13,000 people live in Ringwood Borough. The
Wanaque Reservoir provides drinking water to about 650,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
IA
Stream sediments are contaminated with the heavy metals cadmium and lead, while
streams on and near the site are contaminated with the volatile organic compound (VOC)
methylene chloride. On-site soils are contaminated with lead. VOCs and heavy metals
have been found in the groundwater. The primary health concern associated with this site
is the risk to people who accidentally ingest contaminated soils. The removal of
contaminated soil eliminated the health threat from direct contact with soil. There is a
potential health risk associated with eating garden-grown foods that were watered with
contaminated groundwater.
203 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: From 1987 to 1988, a potentially responsible party, Ford
International Services, Inc., removed 7,000 cubic yards of surficial paint sludge containing
lead and arsenic from four on-site areas and disposed of it off site.
Entire Site: Cleanup technologies selected to address groundwater, surface water, soil,
and sediment contamination include: sampling of soil, with excavation and off-site
disposal of soil confirmed to be contaminated; backfilling and revegetation of soil; and
groundwater, surface water, and wetlands monitoring. Long-term groundwater and surface water
monitoring has begun at the site and will last a minimum of 30 years. Groundwater treatment is not
needed because area groundwater is not used as a drinking water source. Also, attenuation of
contaminants through natural biodegradation is expected to reduce levels adequately once the source
of contamination is cleaned up. In early 1990, during soil excavation, 60 drums containing wastes
were discovered. The drums were removed and disposed of off-site. Although further testing of the
site may be required, the potentially responsible party, under EPA supervision, is proceeding with an
oversight and maintenance phase for the site. The EPA anticipates deleting the site from the NPL in
1995.
Site Facts: The EPA issued an Administrative Order to Ford International Services, Inc. to clean
up soil contamination and to eliminate health and environmental risks associated with the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing the contaminated soil and drums containing hazardous wastes and disposing of it off
site, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials from the Ringwood Mines/Landfill site has
been virtually eliminated. Since the groundwater is not used as a drinking water source, it does not
pose a threat to any of the surrounding residents. Continuous monitoring of the site will ensure the
safety of public health and the environment.
April 1991 204 RINGWOOD MINES/LANDFILL
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ROCKAWAY
BOROUGH
WELL FIEL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980654115
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Morris County
Rockaway Township
The Rockaway Borough Well Field site covers a 2-square-mile area and consists of three
municipal water supply wells, which are located in a glacial aquifer designated by the EPA as
the sole source aquifer for Rockaway Borough and the surrounding communities. Eight other
wells previously used for potable water supply by the Borough were abandoned because of their
lack of productivity. In 1980, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in the
municipal wells. The contaminated wells are close to the Rockaway River, which runs through
the center of the Borough. The site is located in a suburban residential setting and is surrounded
by homes, businesses, and municipal property. The Borough of Rockaway's municipal wells
supply potable water to about 11,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Although thirteen VOCs have been detected in the well water, trichloroethylene
(TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are the primary contaminants of concern.
Threats to the health of people include exposure to TCE and PCE through
drinking or direct contact with groundwater.
205
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial actions
focusing on cleanup of the wells and the source of the contamination.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1981, an emergency was declared, and the residents supplied by the
distribution system were advised not to use their tap water for drinking and cooking.
Temporary drinking water supplies were trucked in by the National Guard. In 1981, the
Borough installed an activated carbon water treatment system to reduce contaminant concentrations.
Wells: Rockaway Borough is maintaining the existing filtration system to ensure
compliance with Safe Drinking Water Act standards. The water is being monitored by the
Borough on a monthly basis since the installation of a carbon water treatment system.
Source Control: The EPA currently is continuing its study into the identification of
contaminant sources, further delineation of the full extent of contamination, and
evaluation of additional alternatives for final groundwater cleanup. The study is planned
to be completed in late 1991.
Environmental Progress
The installation of a water filtration system has significantly reduced the threat of exposure to
contaminants in drinking water while investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup
remedy at the Rockaway Borough Well are being continued.
April 1991 206 ROCKAWAY BOROUGH WELL FIELD
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ROCKAW
TOWNS
NEW JERS
EPA ID# NJD98065421
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Morris County
Rockaway Township
The Rockaway Township Wells site is a 2-square-mile well field area containing a cluster of three
municipal wells within 100 feet of each other. In 1979 and 1980, the wells were found to contain a
variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two gasoline service stations, freight and transit
facilities, and industrial properties are located near the well field. Groundwater contamination in the
area appears to have resulted from several sources, including the gasoline stations and industrial
facilities. Monitoring wells in the area indicated widespread contamination by chlorinated solvents
and fuel components. In 1980, a treatment system for the combined pumping of the wells was
installed and included an air stripping unit and an activated carbon filtration system. Only two of the
three wells currently are in operation. The two operative wells serve 12,500 people and are located
adjacent to White Meadow Brook, between Green Pond and Ford Roads. The Valley Fill aquifer is
the only water supply source capable of meeting the Township's water demand.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE). Inhaling
volatilized organics released into indoor air during water use and ingesting and direct
contact with contaminated water were potential health threats prior to the installation of
the water treatment systems.
207
April1991
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Cleanup Approach —
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Shell Oil Company, under EPA and State monitoring,
installed an air stripping system to remove ether contamination from the water. The
Township installed an activated carbon system to remove other volatile organics.
Entire Site: The EPA and the State currently are conducting a study into the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination at the site. The study will define the contaminants of
concern and will recommend effective alternatives for final groundwater cleanup. The
investigation is planned to be completed in 1992. Once completed, the EPA will evaluate the study
findings and select a final remedy for groundwater treatment and any other contaminated areas
identified in the study.
Environmental Progress
An activated carbon system to remove contaminants has been installed at the Rockaway Township
Water Department, which has proven to be effective in reducing the potential for residents to be
exposed to contaminated groundwater. A study leading to a final remedy selection for the
groundwater contamination currently is taking place.
April 1991 208 ROCKAWAY TOWNSH IP WELLS
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HII I ^A // r EPA REGION 2
MILL CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
MUNICIPAL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980654156
Site Description
The Rocky Hill Municipal Well site covers 2 acres in Somerset County and consists of two wells
that were constructed in 1936 to supply the residents of the Borough of Rocky Hill with a source of
drinking water. In 1978, the first well was sealed and abandoned because it was contaminated with
trichloroethylene (TCE). The second well continued to operate until 1979, when it was also closed
due to high levels of TCE. The well reopened for a short time when TCE levels declined, only to be
closed again in 1982, when contamination levels increased in the groundwater. The Borough
temporarily used a private municipal water supply until an air stripper could be installed on the
municipal well. Studies of the site in 1988 found that a septic tank in the area was a probable source
of the TCE contamination. Approximately 7,200 people depend on the Rocky Hill Municipal Well
as a drinking water resource. The area that surrounds the site is wooded, and land use is primarily
agricultural and residential.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater at the site is contaminated with the heavy metals arsenic and beryllium;
chlordane, a pesticide; and TCE. TCE is the main contaminant at this site and the
presence of other chemicals may be unrelated to it. The contaminated groundwater is
treated before the residents of Rocky Hill receive it. However, they could inhale air
contaminated with TCE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) if the volatile
contaminants were to migrate into enclosed spaces. Part of the Borough of Rocky Hill is
located on the State and National registers of historic places.
209 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Following the closure and temporary treatments of the wells, the State
conducted an investigation into alternatives for groundwater cleanup. The remedy
chosen for this site includes: (1) continuing groundwater extraction and on-site treatment
through air stripping and reinjecting the treated water into the ground; (2) connecting residences still
using private well water to the public water supply; and (3) sealing private water supply wells that
are affected and installing wells to monitor the contaminant plume. Residents using private wells
have been connected to alternate water supplies. The design of the cleanup method began in 1989
and is expected to continue until late 1992. The EPA expects to start the cleanup of the
contaminated groundwater shortly thereafter.
Environmental Progress
The affected residences have been supplied with an alternate safe drinking water supply, thereby
reducing the potential for residents to be exposed to contaminated groundwater at the Rocky Hill
Municipal Wells site. The air stripping treatment system continues to remove contamination from
impacted groundwater and will be operated until safety levels are achieved.
April 1991
210
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Site Description
RHFRI INH QTFFI PO > X NJ EPA REGION 2
KUtbLIIMU 5> I ttL UU^ ^r^oNGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD073732257
Other Names:
John A. Roebling Steel Co.
JARSCO
The Roebling Steel Company site occupies 206 acres of a former manufacturing plant for steel and
wire products located next to the Delaware River on 2nd Street in Florence. The Roebling Steel Co.
has been producing steel wire and cable at this site for the last 75 years. Fifty-five buildings occupy
most of the site and are connected by a series of paved and unpaved roads. More recently, portions
of the site were used for housing polymer reclamation operations, storing insulating products,
refurbishing refrigerated trailers and shipping containers, and construction equipment storage. The
raw materials and waste products that these operations produced are stored or buried in several on-
site locations. The site includes two inactive sludge lagoons, a steel furnace slag pile, a baghouse
containing dust from plant emissions, various electrical transformers that contain oil tainted with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), several trailer trucks with unknown contents, soils soaked with
oils, storage tanks and drums that contain oil and other potentially hazardous materials, an
abandoned landfill, and a slag pile. Sporadic vandalism has occurred since the plant stopped
operations; several buildings have been partially destroyed, a pile of old tires was set on fire, and a
building housing a chemical laboratory was destroyed by fire. The site is next to the Delaware
River, and the groundwater under it is only about 10 feet below the ground surface. Approximately
12,000 people in the area depend on the groundwater for their drinking water, supplied by private
and municipal wells within 3 miles of the site. The distance from the site to the nearest well is 2,000
feet Residents in the area use the Delaware River and a wetland next to the site for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Buildings on the site contained exposed asbestos and chemical dust. Transformers near
some of the buildings have leaked oils tainted with PCBs onto the ground. Groundwater
under the site potentially is contaminated with various heavy metals including chromium,
lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, and copper. Sediments on the site potentially are
contaminated with lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The soil at the
site and an adjacent playground is contaminated with heavy metals including lead.
People on or off site could come into direct contact with hazardous materials or could
accidentally inhale contaminated materials from exposed asbestos, aboveground storage
tanks, PCB-containing transformers, and piles of chemicals. Runoff from precipitation
on the site may have contaminated the Delaware River, which is next to the site.
211 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on interim action plans, cleanup of the slag area and Southeast Park, and cleanup of the
remaining site contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Approximately 300 lab pack containers of chemicals were
collected, removed, and properly disposed of by the EPA. Approximately 3,200 full and
empty drums were sampled and disposed of at federally permitted facilities, and 120 cubic
yards of crushed and emptied drums were removed to an EPA-approved hazardous waste landfill.
Three pounds of metallic mercury were collected, repackaged, and sent to a recycling facility for
distillation and reuse. Over 35 tons of baghouse dust were secured with tarps and barriers. One
drum of hazardous waste-containing cyanide was shipped to an approved treatment facility, and 10
compressed gas cylinders were returned to manufacturers for proper reuse and recycling or were
treated on site. Approximately 3,000 gallons of sulfuric acid and 2,150 gallons of phosphoric acid
were sampled, analyzed, and removed from two large aboveground tanks and sent off site for reuse;
239,000 pounds of base neutral solids in drums were consolidated and shipped to a permitted
facility. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection packaged and removed picric
acid and other chemicals found in the labs and shipped them to an approved treatment facility.
Exposed asbestos in a potential personnel entry zone was wrapped and contained.
Interim Action: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to address contaminated materials
remaining on the site which included: (1) overpacking drums and off-site disposal; (2)
off-site shipment of transformers; (3) bulking of tank contents and off-site disposal; (4)
off-site treatment and disposal of baghouse dust and chemical piles; (5) off-site disposal of tires; and
(6) excavating, off-site treatment, and disposal of water tower soil. The EPA plans to take measures
to restrict access to the slag pile by installing a fence and removing and disposing of lead-
contaminated soils from the adjacent playground. The EPA completed the technical designs for the
cleanup and began construction in late 1990. Excavation of contaminated water tower soil also has
been completed. Cleanup activities are scheduled to be completed in mid-1991.
Slag Area and Southeast Park: An investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the 34-acre slag disposal area and the southeast portion of the park began
in 1990. This study is planned for completion in mid-1991. The EPA will then decide on
the best cleanup approach for this area.
Remaining Contamination: The EPA started to study the site contamination and
options for cleaning up remaining contamination areas in 1984. The study addresses
surface and subsurface soils, surface water, sediments, groundwater, air quality, buildings,
landfills, lagoons, and other remaining contamination sources at the site. The first phase of this
study is expected to be completed by the end of 1991.
April 1991 212 ROEBLING STEEL CO.
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Environmental Progress
The EPA initiated and carried out numerous waste removal actions at the Roebling Steel Company
site, thereby significantly reducing the potential for exposure to hazardous materials on or off the
site. A fence has been installed to restrict access to areas of the site. Other actions to remove the
contaminated materials at the site currently are being designed and will eliminate surface
contamination. Investigations leading to a final remedy for the entire site cleanup currently are
underway and will address remaining contamination and will lead to final cleanup of the site.
ROEBLING STEEL CO.
213
April 1991
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SAYREVILLE
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505754
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Middlesex County
Sayreville
The Sayreville Landfill is an inactive municipal landfill covering approximately 30 acres in a
moderately industrialized area. The site is one of a series of disposal operations located along the
tidal South River. The town owned and operated the site as a municipal landfill beginning in 1970.
It was licensed to receive municipal waste and light industrial waste; however, hazardous waste
allegedly also was disposed of during operations and after closure in 1977. Part of the site is in a
wetland adjacent to the South River. Approximately 67,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the
site, and the closest residence is located 1/2 mile away. Because of the tidal influence and the
infusion of salt water, private wells in the area are not used. The Sayreville and Perth Amboy well
fields are within 3 miles of the site. Sayreville has not detected any contamination in its municipal
well. There are other municipal wells in the vicinity, which are tested regularly. These wells draw
from aquifers as yet unaffected by the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Heavy metals including iron and manganese, phenol, the volatile organic compound
(VOC) benzene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in on-site
groundwater. Iron also was detected in off-site well water. The VOC toluene and
pesticides including aldrin and endrin were detected in on-site landfill liquids. Sediments
contain toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE). Surface water is contaminated with
cadmium and lead. Benzene, arsenic, and chloroform were detected in on-site soils.
Groundwater and leachate from the landfill discharge into the South River, however, due
to mixing in the river, the contamination from the landfill was not detected in the river
waters. The South River flows into the Raritan River, which already has been
condemned for fishing because of contamination from a source other than this site.
Potential risks may exist for those individuals coming in direct contact with the
contaminated leachate and surface water or those individuals consuming fish or other
aquatic life from the contaminated river.
215
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
directed at cleanup of the entire site, as well as leachate collection and cleanup of river sediments.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in
coordination with the New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice, excavated and sampled
30 drums from the site in 1982. More drums may exist on site.
Entire Site: The EPA selected a remedy for cleanup of the site in 1990. The remedy
includes the removing of hazardous waste drums and thermal treatment of the wastes off
site, capping the site, and installing a stormwater control system and a methane gas
collection system. Design of the remedy was initiated later that year. Cleanup activities will begin
once the design of the remedy is completed.
Leachate Collections and River Sediments: Investigations leading to the final
selection of a leachate collection system and cleanup of river sediments have been
underway since late 1990. These investigations are expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The State signed an Administrative Order on Consent with the potentially responsible
parties in 1986 requiring that they fund the investigation to determine the type and extent of
contamination.
Environmental Progress
Initial actions have been completed to remove drums from the surface of the site. The EPA has
determined that the Sayreville Landfill site does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding
community or the environment while the design of cleanup activities for the hazardous wastes is
underway and further studies are being completed.
April 1991 216 SAYREVILLE LANDFILL
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SCIENTIFIC
CHEMICAL
PROCESSING
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD070565403
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Bergen County
Carlstadt
The Scientific Chemical Processing site covers 6 acres and is located in a light industrial area of
Carlstadt. This site is a former waste processing facility that accepted various wastes for recovery
and disposal. About 375,000 gallons of hazardous substances were stored on site in tanks, drums,
and tank trailers. The site shut down operations in 1980 in response to a court order. Some
company officials have received fines and jail terms for illegally dumping hazardous waste. In 1979
to 1980, drums and contaminated soil were removed. The site now is vacant, except for two small
buildings, a roll-off container holding a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sludge tank, several
concrete slabs, and piles of construction rubble left from the demolition of other site structures. The
site is located within a coastal wetlands management area, bordered on the northeast by Peach Island
Creek, a tidal waterway. Local surface water is used for recreation and industrial water supplies.
Three private residences are within a mile of the site. All nearby businesses and residences are
believed to be on public water supplies. There are 60 wells, with 11 possibly used for drinking water
purposes. The population within a 2-mile radius is approximately 14,500.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
L\
On-site groundwater and soil contamination consists of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including benzene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene (TCE); PCBs; polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including naphthalene; and heavy metals. Off-site
sediment contamination along Peach Island Creek consists of VOCs, phenol, PAHs,
petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and the pesticide dieldrin. Surface water
contamination in Peach Island Creek consists of VOCs, petroleum hydrocarbons, and
heavy metals including nickel and zinc. The site is fenced on three sides and bordered by
Peach Island Creek on the fourth side, thereby reducing public access to the site. Health
risks may exist for those who come into direct contact with site pollutants, specifically
those who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated soils, surface
waters, groundwater, and sediments. The coastal wetlands also may be threatened by the
site contaminants.
217
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the on-site groundwater and soil and cleanup of the aquifer and off-site
groundwater contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: To address the immediate threats posed by the contaminants,
Inmar Associates, the property owner, removed 55 tanks and one tank trailer under New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection supervision between 1985 and 1986.
Some delays were caused due to the high PCB concentrations in one of the tanks.
On-Site Groundwater and Soil: Under EPA monitoring, the potentially responsible
parties began conducting an investigation in 1985 to determine the type and extent of on-
site groundwater and soil contamination. In 1990, the EPA selected an interim remedy for
cleanup of the on-site groundwater and soil which includes construction of a slurry wall, infiltration
barrier, and groundwater collection system to retrieve groundwater for treatment off site. This
interim remedy, scheduled for completion in late 1991, will contain the contamination until a
permanent remedy can be selected. Investigations to identify final cleanup alternatives are ongoing.
Aquifer and Off-Site Groundwater: The parties potentially responsible for the
contamination began an investigation in 1988, under EPA monitoring, to determine the
type and extent of contamination to the underlying aquifer and off-site groundwater and to
identify alternative technologies for the cleanup. This investigation is expected to be completed in
late 1991.
Site Facts: A Federal District Court trial resulted in the conviction of three corporate officials of
Scientific Chemical Processing on charges arising out of the disposal of bulk solvents into the
Newark sewer systems and drummed wastes into Lone Pine Landfill. In 1983, the State Court ruled
that the site owner/operators are liable for the cleanup and must submit a cleanup plan by July 1983
or show poverty. In September 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to 108
respondents for the performance of an investigation to determine the type and extent of
contamination at the site and to identify alternative technologies for the cleanup. In October 1985,
the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to an additional 31 respondents, requiring them to
cooperate with the 108 parties and to participate in the investigation. A civil complaint against
Inmar was filed by the United States in January 1987. The complaint seeks reimbursement for the
EPA's oversight costs as well as penalties for violation of the EPA's Administrative Order. A
settlement was reached in 1988.
Environmental Progress
The owner of the property addressed any immediate threats posed by the Scientific Chemical site by
removing contaminated tanks and a tank trailer. An interim remedy for on-site groundwater and soil
contamination cleanup will reduce migration of the contamination until final remedies are chosen.
Further investigations leading to the selection of final remedies for the off-site groundwater and
aquifer contamination are being conducted by the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination.
April 1991 218 SCIENTIFIC CHEMICAL PROCESSING
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SHARKEY LA
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Morris County
Townships of Parsippany-Troy Hills
and East Hanover
Other Names:
Sharkey Farm Landfill
The Sharkey Landfill site, approximately 90 acres in size, is divided into five separate sections: the
North Fill, South Fill, Northwest Fill (South), Northwest Fill (North), and the Southwest Fill. The
North Fill is a 26-acre island surrounded by branches of the Rockaway River. The sides of the
landfill are steep and contain leachate seeps and erosion gullies. The South Fill area is bordered by
the Rockaway and Whippany Rivers and the Parsippany-Troy Hills Sewage Treatment Plant. The
total area of South Fill, including the sewage treatment plant, is approximately 64 acres; however,
the area containing landfill material consists of about 29 acres out of the 64. The Northwest Fill area
is separated by Interstate Route 280 into two sections totalling about 26 acres. The Southwest Fill is
in East Hanover Township and covers about 9 acres. This fill is bordered by the Whippany River
and a river channel. Sharkey Landfill began operation in 1945, accepting municipal wastes from
several surrounding counties and some hazardous or toxic materials. These materials included more
than 100,000 gallons of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The landfill also accepted
wastes from sewage treatment plants. There are reports that a chemical manufacturer disposed of
several million gallons of wastewater in the landfill from 1972 to 1974. From 1979 to 1981, refuse
was removed from the South Fill portion of the site and disposed of in the North Fill area because of
expansion of the sewage treatment plant. Landfill contaminants have migrated, and continue to
migrate, into the shallow aquifer beneath the site. The Parsippany-Troy Hills area has a total
population of about 50,000. The towns of Montville and East Hanover have populations of about
12,000 each. The area to the west and north of the site is mainly light industrial, although there are
scattered residential properties in the area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contamination beneath the site is a primary concern. On-site groundwater
is contaminated with VOCs including benzene, semi-volatile compounds, and heavy
metals including lead, cadmium, and chromium. Soil is contaminated with heavy metals.
People who ingest contaminated groundwater may suffer adverse health effects. The
Whippany and Rockaway Rivers are the major surface waters in the area. Leachate from
landfill seeps, surface water runoff from rainfall, and the undercutting action on the
landfill sides may contaminate the rivers.
219
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The groundwater, surface water, and soil cleanup remedies selected to
address site contamination include: (1) capping of the landfill with a 2-foot clay cap that
conforms to Federal requirements; (2) installation of a venting system for landfill gases
and extraction and treatment of shallow groundwater and leachate; (3) surface water controls to
handle rainfall, storm runoff, and erosion of river banks; (4) installation of security fencing to restrict
site access; and (5) a long-term groundwater monitoring program. The State, in conjunction with the
EPA, is preparing the technical specifications and design for the cleanup. The design is expected to
be completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has selected the final cleanup technologies for the Sharkey Landfill site. While these
planning activities are taking place, the EPA has determined that the site does not pose an imminent
threat to the surrounding community or the environment.
April 1991
220
SHARKEY LANDFILL
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SHIELDALLOY
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD002365930
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Gloucester County
Borough of Newfield
The 61-acre Shieldalloy Corp. site houses an active specialty plant making chromium alloy products.
Past disposal practices included the release of process wastewater directly to an unlined lagoon,
surface water, and groundwater. This resulted in extensive chromium contamination in an area that
is totally dependent upon groundwater for drinking supplies. In 1979, the plant constructed a
decontamination plant for the treatment of chromium-contaminated groundwater. The plant pumped
and treated the groundwater prior to discharge into the Hudson's Branch Tributary of the Maurice
River. The backwash from the ion-exchange treatment system is placed in three lined surface
impoundments for final treatment. The decontamination system has experienced numerous
operational problems over the years that have caused efforts to contain or remove the chromium
plume to fail. There are slag piles and other wastes, including low-level radioactive wastes on site;
the site is licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. There are approximately 56,000 people
living within a 2-mile radius of the site. The closest residence is located less than 1/5 mile away.
Private wells are located within a mile, and a municipal well is within 400 feet of the site. Private
and municipal wells in the vicinity of the site have been shown to be contaminated. Area surface
waters are used for swimming and fishing, and these waters are contaminated.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Both on- and off-site groundwater are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and hexavalent chromium. Soil is contaminated with VOCs and possibly
radionuclides. On-site sludge contamination includes the heavy metal chromium. The
Hudson's Branch Tributary of the Maurice River contains hexavalent chromium and
VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE). There is a risk from radionuclides to on-site
workers if they are not properly protected. Off-site threats to health include drinking or
direct contact with groundwater and surface water, inhaling contaminated air particles,
and consuming contaminated fish from the nearby surface waters.
221
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the chromium plume and contamination source control.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The potentially responsible party has been pumping and treating
chromium-contaminated groundwater since 1979. The party also designed and built a new
treatment facility. However, the facility is not working properly, and Shieldalloy still is
performing studies to upgrade the groundwater treatment system. The party also replaced lined
underground storage tanks with aboveground tanks.
Chromium Plume: The potentially responsible party completed a preliminary study of
the chromium contaminant plume. During this initial study, VOC contamination was
detected in groundwater both on and off site. The extent of the contamination currently is
being evaluated and is expected to be completed late in 1991.
Source Control: The potentially responsible party and the State, under EPA
monitoring, currently are conducting a study into the nature and extent of contamination at
the site. The study will define the contaminants of concern and will be the basis for
recommending alternatives for the final cleanup. Surface water, sediments, air, and soil sampling
has been completed. Groundwater and radiological sampling are continuing. The investigation is
planned for completion in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State and the potentially responsible party, under EPA supervision,
entered into an Administrative Order on Consent requiring the party to prepare a study of the site's
groundwater contamination problems and to develop systems to address the plume. In 1986, the
State directed the party to improve its groundwater decontamination system by modifying and
upgrading it immediately and expanding the groundwater monitoring program. In 1986, the EPA
filed an action against the party in Federal District Court for failure to certify compliance with
groundwater monitoring and financial assurance requirements for the three surface impoundments
used for groundwater and process water treatment. In 1988, the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection and Shieldalloy signed an Administrative Order on Consent to implement
an upgraded pump and treatment system and to perform a site-wide study.
Environmental Progress
The initial treatment of contaminated groundwater and the removal of underground storage tanks
have reduced the threat to human health and the environment while studies leading to the final
selections of cleanup technologies for the Shieldalloy Corp. site are taking place. The EPA has
determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the surrounding communities or the
environment.
April 1991 222 SHIELDALLOY CORP.
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SOUTH BRUNSWIG
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980530679
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Middlesex County
1/2 mile northwest of Route 1
Other Names:
Browning-Ferris Industries
The South Brunswick Landfill covers 68 acres in Middlesex County. The site was a landfill for over
20 years before it was closed by the State in 1978. The landfill received municipal refuse,
pesticides, chemical wastes, and hazardous wastes. In 1980, the EPA conducted an investigation and
found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and iron in the groundwater and surface water. The
landfill is adjacent to a school, a park, and private residences, although a substantial portion of the
property is surrounded by woods. Residences are located as close as 100 to 200 feet from the site.
A nearby brook feeds into a public drinking water supply 10 miles downstream.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, sediments, soils, leachate, and surface water are contaminated with
VOCs and heavy metals including iron. People who come in direct contact with or
accidentally ingest contaminated water and soil may be at risk. Systems to collect the
leachate are in place; therefore, the threat of contaminants migrating from the site is
minimal.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on controlling the source of
contamination and cleanup of the off-site contamination.
223
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Source Control: In 1983, the EPA selected a remedy that called for the installation of a
system to collect the leachate and treat it; construction of a trench, known as a slurry wall,
filled with materials that prevent seepage; covering the landfill with clay; and the
installation of a system to vent gas buildup. The EPA completed all of the remedies to control the
source of the contamination in 1985. The EPA plans to monitor the site for 30 years to ensure the
effectiveness of the cleanup
Off-Site Contamination: The EPA will be investigating the extent of contamination
that migrated off the site. Once the investigation is completed and the results are
evaluated, cleanup measures will be recommended, if necessary, to address contamination
in the area around the landfill.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has completed all work required to control the source of contamination. The site will be
monitored for the effectiveness of these remedies for a period of 30 years. The EPA also plans to
conduct an investigation into the extent of off-site contamination and will recommend any needed
remedies for cleanup of the area surrounding the South Brunswick Landfill site.
April 1991
224
SOUTH BRUNSWICK LANDFILL
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IFRQFY L> EPA REGION 2
JtK^t Y CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
CLOTHING CO.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980766828
Site Description
The South Jersey Clothing Co. (SJCC) is an active facility that makes military uniforms. As part of
the manufacturing process, assembled garments were treated by a dry cleaning unit that utilizes
trichloroethylene (TCE). These operations generated TCE-contaminated wastewaters and sludges
that were routinely discharged onto the ground behind the process building and along the adjacent
railroad tracks. In addition, a fire in 1979 may have released an estimated 275 gallons of TCE from
a storage tank located on site. In 1981, various sampling efforts by the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and the Atlantic County Department of Health and Institutions
revealed significant contamination of groundwater and soils in the vicinity of the site. Later the
same year, a number of drums and contaminated soils were excavated and removed from the SJCC
site by the site owners. The following year the SJCC agreed to install 12 groundwater monitoring
wells in the vicinity of the site between 1981 and 1984. Also, the SJCC agreed to install a
groundwater pump and treatment system. This system remains in operation. Buena Borough began
construction of a municipal water supply system in 1985 independent of NJDEP efforts. The
borough began installation of the system in 1985 and expanded it in 1988 to serve approximately
75% of its population. A sampling program conducted by the Borough revealed that many of the
wells sampled failed to meet EPA safety standards for volatile organics. The SJCC is located 500
feet from Garden State Cleaners, also on the National Priorities List. South Jersey Clothing and
Garden State Cleaners are being addressed in a combined investigation due to their proximity to one
another and similar contamination. The surrounding area is predominately rural and one of New
Jersey's prime agricultural areas. Approximately 9,000 people obtain drinking water, and 3,800
acres of farmland are irrigated from wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), primarily
TCE. Use of contaminated groundwater for domestic purposes and agricultural irrigation
may pose a health threat. There are potential public health concerns associated with
homes that have not yet been hooked up to the area-wide water supply. Only those
homes located south of Wheat Road, downgradient from the site, are not connected to the
municipal water supply system.
225 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA began an intensive investigation in 1989 to determine the nature
and extent of contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup of the SJCC site. This
investigation is expected to be completed in 1991 and will be the basis for the EPA's
cleanup decisions.
Site Facts: The EPA sent a special Notice Letter to the owners in 1988 requesting a proposal to
conduct or finance site studies. In 1989, the SJCC declined to take responsibility.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed preliminary evaluations and determined that, as a result of previous actions
taken to treat contaminated groundwater, the immediate threat to the surrounding residents or the
environment has been reduced. Investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are
taking place at the South Jersey Clothing Co. site to determine the final cleanup strategy.
April 1991 226 SOUTH JERSEY CLOTHING CO.
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SPENCE FARM
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD980532816
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Ocean County
Plumsted Township
Othw Names:
Thiokol Corporation Sit*
The Spence Farm site covers about 20 acres in Plumsted Township, 2 miles northeast of New Egypt.
From the 1950s to the 1970s, hazardous wastes in drums, bulk, and free-flowing liquid form were
disposed of in the wooded and low-lying areas of the site. Some of the drums were intact, while
others appeared to have been opened prior to dumping. Other drums rusted enough to allow their
contents to leak out. Laboratory wastes were scattered throughout the disposal area. State
investigations found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater and surface water. Spence
Farm, the Friedman Property, Goose Farm, and Pijak Farm, all on the National Priorities List, are
called the "Plumsted Sites" and are within a 2-mile radius of each other. The site is in a rural area,
and the land is used for agriculture. The Town of New Egypt has a population of 2,100. Two
municipal water wells are about 1 1/2 miles from the farm. On the site are two tributaries to
Crosswick Creek.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater and sediments were contaminated with the VOC acetone; phthalate,
a plastics by-product; phenol; and the heavy metals zinc, chromium, and mercury.
Soil was contaminated with VOCs including methylene chloride and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), may still be
contained in the soil. Crosswick Creek contains mercury, zinc, and toluene.
Because the farm is operating, there is a chance that the groundwater is used for
domestic purposes and irrigation. Coming in direct contact with or ingesting the
water, as well as sediments, may have posed a health threat. Individuals who
come into direct contact with PCB-contaminated soils may be at risk.
Groundwater at the site flows toward tributaries of Crosswick Creek, which
allowed the contamination in the groundwater to migrate to the surface water.
People who use the creek for recreation may suffer adverse health effects through
direct contact or ingestion of the water. In addition, wildlife in and around the
creek may be harmed by the pollutants.
227
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, the State installed 16 monitoring wells for sampling of
groundwater.
Entire Site: In 1984, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by: (1) removing
all drums and laboratory wastes and disposing of them at a federally approved facility; (2)
excavating contaminated soil and disposing of it at a federally approved facility; (3)
installing a system to control the sediment so contaminants do not migrate during excavation; and
(4) monitoring the groundwater for 5 years to ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup. Morton-
Thiokol, under State supervision, completed soil and material removal activities at the site in 1990.
However, recent sampling shows that additional site soils may be contaminated with PCBs. Further
investigation to determine the need for addressing this potential contamination is underway.
Although the groundwater has now been determined to be clean, monitoring will continue for four
years.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State and Morton-Thiokol entered into an Administrative Order on
Consent requiring the company to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
Removal of the sources of contamination has reduced the potential for future migration of
contaminants into surface water and groundwater. The potentially responsible party, under State
supervision, will monitor the Spence Farm site for another four years to ensure the groundwater
pollution has dissipated.
April 1991 228 SPENCE FARM
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SWOPE OIL & CONGR™DT m
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD041743220
Site Description
CamdenCounty
Pennsauken Township
The Swope Oil & Chemical Co. is located in an industrial area north of Pennsauken. The 2-acre site
is bordered by a railway and National Highway. Swope Oil Co., a chemical reclamation facility,
operated from 1965 until 1979, processing solvents, oils, paints, and other chemical compounds.
The site included one main building, a "distillation house," a drum storage area, an unlined lagoon, a
diked tank farm, and an area containing buried sludge waste. The soil and shallow groundwater in
the area are contaminated, as well as the deeper aquifer beneath the site. Waste liquids and sludges
were discharged to an excavated, unlined lagoon. Contaminated materials also were placed within a
diked tank farm and in an exposed drum storage area. In 1975, after several inspections, Swope was
cited for operating without proper permits. Four years later, it was cited again, this time for failure
to prepare, maintain, and implement a Spill Prevention, Containment, and Countermeasure Plan.
The company ceased operations in late 1979. The site is in a predominantly industrial area.
Approximately 17,000 people reside in the area and depend on groundwater from a municipal well
located 175 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/01/82
Final Dale: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phthalates, and metals. Railroad employees and
trespassers may be exposed to contaminants through direct contact and accidental
ingestion of contaminated soils. The contamination in the aquifer beneath the site could
lead to drinking water contamination.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on removal of contaminants and cleanup of the groundwater and soil.
229 April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, the EPA removed two fuel storage tanks and
approximately 180,000 gallons of liquid sludge containing hazardous material. In
addition, a temporary cap was placed over contaminated sludge lagoons to prevent the
further migration of contaminants. A security fence was built around the site.
Removal of Contaminants: The EPA has selected the following cleanup methods:
(1) removal of tanks and buildings with off-site incineration, treatment, or disposal of tank
contents, and off-site disposal of tanks and building debris; (2) construction of a cap at the
site; (3) preparation of a supplemental investigation to determine the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup; (4) excavation of up to 1 1/2 feet
of contaminated soil containing PCBs and off-site disposal; (5) excavation of up to 1 1/2 feet of
PCB-contaminated soils below the lagoon and off-site disposal; and (6) sampling, excavation, and
off-site disposal of contaminated soils containing PCBs from the parking lot area and along the
railroad right-of-way adjacent to the lagoon. Should additional sampling during the technical design
determine that cleanup of soil to these depths will not achieve the cleanup goals, the cleanup action
for this area will be re-evaluated. As part of the surface cleanup effort, the following actions have
been completed: excavation and off-site disposal of more than 24,000 tons of PCB-contaminated
soils and backfilled excavations; removal and disposal of 70 tanks and their contents; removal of
asbestos-containing insulation; and removal of cesspool and septic structures with associated
hazardous liquids. A cap will be installed over the site after cleanup of the contaminated subsurface
soils is completed.
Groundwater and Soil Investigation: An investigation to determine the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination migrating from the site and to assess whether there
is any remaining soil contamination is underway by the Swope Oil Cleanup Committee.
Activities conducted under the investigation include monitoring groundwater quality, soil sampling,
and treatibility studies such as a pilot soil vapor extraction study to determine the feasibility of this
technology for final cleanup. This investigation, as well as an evaluation of alternatives for the
cleanup of contaminated subsurface soils and groundwater, is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: Cleanup activities at the Swope Oil site are being conducted by a group of potentially
responsible parties, collectively known as the Swope Oil Cleanup Committee, under monitoring by
the EPA.
Environmental Progress
The EPA and potentially responsible parties have removed large quantities of the contaminated
materials and soils from the Swope Oil & Chemical Co. site and have capped the contaminated
sludge lagoons to prevent the further migration of contaminants from the site. These measures, as
well as building a security fence around the site, have significantly reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials at the site while cleanup proceeds.
April 1991 230 SWOPE OIL & CHEMICAL CO.
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Site Description
RFQIN^ J EPA REGION 2
Kt£>ll\K> CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
NEW JERSEY IPw^ HudrCounty
fz%Hr \ >/ I Keamy
EPA ID# NJD064263817
The Syncon Resins site encompasses approximately IS acres and is located on a heavily
industrialized area of northern New Jersey. The site is situated on the peninsula formed by the
Passaic and Hackensack Rivers. In addition to the buildings on site, there are two unlined lagoons,
numerous large bulk storage tanks, underground storage tanks, at least two chemical reactor
buildings housing stainless steel vessels, and approximately 12,800 drums. Investigations indicate
that many drums contain hazardous substances that are volatile and flammable, posing the threat of
air pollution and fire. Some of the 55-gallon drums have rusted, spilling their contents onto the soil.
The Syncon Resins facility produced alkyd resin carriers for pigments, paints, and varnish products.
In the production process, excess xylene or toluene was separated from the wastewater and was
reused in subsequent reactions. The remaining wastewater was pumped to an unlined lagoon to
evaporate or percolate into the soil. Investigations of the site have found that there is extensive
contamination of the groundwater, soil, building dirt and dust, and stainless vessels and tanks. The
site is in an industrial area, with 10,000 people residing within 3 miles of the site. The closest
residential area is a mile to the west in Newark. There are no municipal water supply wells in the
immediate area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
\m
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
toluene, xylenes, and trichloroethylene (TCE) and heavy metals such as lead and nickel.
Contaminants in the sediments include heavy metals, VOCs, and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). Soil is contaminated with the pesticides DDT and aldrin, as well as
heavy metals, VOCs, and PCBs. Potential health threats exist through direct contact,
inhalation of contaminated dust, and accidental ingestion of soils. The site is situated
within a coastal wetland area, which could be at risk from contaminant runoff.
231 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Starting in late 1982, the State removed all of the exposed 55-
gallon drums from the site, cleaned up the lab area, and stored the materials found on site.
This was completed in early 1984. In early 1990, the site was fenced to provide additional
security during cleanup.
Entire Site: Based on the results of the site investigation, the EPA selected the following
methods for site cleanup: (1) remove the contents of the storage tanks and vessels for off-
site disposal; (2) decontaminate buildings and tank structures as necessary; (3) excavate
lagoon liquids, sediments, and contaminated surface soil and dispose of off site; (4) install a cover
over the site that allows natural flushing of underlying soil and groundwater contaminants; (5)
collect and treat contaminated water from the shallow aquifer, with discharge to the Passaic River;
and (6) conduct supplemental studies to evaluate methods to enhance the effectiveness of flushing
and/or treatment and destruction of the contaminated soils. Cleanup activities have begun at the site
and are slated for completion in late 1991. To date, the building has been decontaminated, asbestos
has been removed, and the groundwater collection system has been installed.
Site Facts: In December 1982, the EPA and the State of New Jersey entered into a Cooperative
Agreement for the State to perform site investigations and cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
By removing all the visible contaminated 55-gallon drums, cleaning up the lab area, storing the
contaminated materials found on the Syncon Resins site, and securing the site, the threat of exposure
to hazardous materials has been greatly reduced. The EPA has determined that the site is safe to the
surrounding community and the environment while final cleanup actions are being taken.
April 1991 232 SYNCON RESINS
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Site Description
jf^Ky •*. T v-rym—fffff a \ v r I \ f
TARFRMAPI HBRHM /x /i/ EPAREGION2
I AbhKNAULWHUM ^ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
DUMP
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980761357
The Tabernacle Drum Dump covers 1 acre in a farmland and wooded area in Tabernacle Township.
In 1976 or 1977, approximately 200 containers (55-gallon drums, 20-gallon containers, and several
5-gallon pails) of solvents, paint, and paint sludges were deposited on a 2,000-square-foot portion of
the site. These containers were stored at the site until 1984. Deterioration and leakage of some
containers resulted in visible soil contamination and, ultimately, groundwater contamination. Based
on a referral from Tabernacle Township officials, the Burlington County Health Department
conducted a site inspection in 1982 and discovered over 100 abandoned drums. In 1982, the New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection conducted a more detailed site inspection. Land in
the area is used primarily for agriculture and recreation. There are approximately 100 residences
within a 1/2-mile radius of the site, and an estimated 25 residences use wells that draw water from
the Cohansey aquifer.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
The heavy metals lead, chromium, and cadmium and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
have been detected in on-site groundwater. On-site soils are contaminated with
chromium, cyanide, and lead. Ingestion of contaminated groundwater, especially by
residents downgradient of the site, poses the greatest threat to the community. Since the
site is unfenced, individuals entering the site are at risk when coming in direct contact
with or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil. However, this risk has been reduced by
the excavation of the contaminated soil and the removal of all the drums and containers.
233 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and any residual soil contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, under EPA supervision, Atlantic Disposal Services
(ADS), a potentially responsible party, numbered, logged, and sampled on-site containers.
ADS completed surface cleanup in 1984 that consisted of removing containers, 40 yards of
drummed materials, 8 truckloads of excavated soil, and approximately 3,000 gallons of liquid
material.
Groundwater and Residual Soil: The plan selected by the EPA to clean up the site
includes: (1) installation of groundwater monitoring wells and a monitoring program to
trace the groundwater plume; (2) groundwater pump and treatment using air stripping and
possibly carbon adsorption followed by reinjection, groundwater monitoring, and exhaust gas
analysis; and (3) soil sampling of the former drum dumping and storage area to determine if residual
contamination is present The EPA has performed, and continues to perform, residential well
sampling and analysis in the area of the site. USX Corporation, one of the potentially responsible
parties, began designing the site-specific technologies to be used in the cleanup in 1988. The design
includes an additional investigation to determine the horizontal and vertical extent of the
contaminant plume, continuation of the residential sampling program, and soil sampling in the
former drum disposal area. Final cleanup activities are expected to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: A Unilateral Order was issued in 1984 to ADS, requiring the company to remove the
containers and to excavate contaminated soil. The EPA sent Notice Letters to the potentially
responsible parties in 1985. In 1989, the EPA and USX Corporation signed a Consent Decree,
requiring the company to perform the cleanup at the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing the contaminated containers, soil, and liquids from the Tabernacle Drum Dump site,
the EPA and the potentially responsible parties have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the site while further cleanup activities are taking place.
April1991 234 TABERNACLE DRUM DUMP
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Site Description
UQ RADII IM fmBiPV /sC^Mf EPAREGION2
.J>. KAUIUW L-Utit*. k^&J CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980654172
Other Names:
U.S. Radium-West Orange
The U.S. Radium Corp. site covers 2 acres in the City of Orange. The site is a former processing
facility where radium extraction, production, application, and distribution took place from about
1918 through 1926. Approximately 1/2 ton of ore per day was processed and disposed of on and off
the site. The original buildings on the site have been removed or incorporated into the seven
buildings that still exist. Other areas identified as being potentially contaminated include 140
adjacent properties covering around 21 acres, and approximately 20 satellite properties located
throughout the Cities of Orange, East Orange, West Orange and South Orange. Approximately
50,000 people live within a mile of the site. The adjacent and satellite properties are occupied by
light industries, offices, houses, grocery stores, and apartments. The main site is located in a heavily
residential area.
_. _ ..... NPL LISTING HISTORY
S,te Responsibility: This site is being addressed through ^ Date:
Federal and potentially responsible
parties'actions. Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soil contains radium-226 and, possibly, other radioactive materials and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The radium-226 decays to radon gas and radon decay products,
which have contaminated the air. People who are directly exposed to radiation, inhale
radioactive dust particles, or inadvertently ingest radioactive particles on the site may
suffer adverse health effects.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
235 April! 991
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the party potentially responsible for the
contamination began constructing a fence around the perimeter of the site to prevent
trespassers from coming into contact with contaminated material. Part of the fence
was not installed, and additional work will be required to complete this task.
Entire site: The EPA is conducting an investigation to determine the extent of the
radionuclide contamination on the main site and also on the adjacent and satellite
properties. Once the study is completed in late 1992, measures will be recommended
to clean up the affected areas.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a fence around the site, access has been restricted, thereby making the site safer
while the investigations leading to the final selection of cleanup technologies for the U.S.
Radium Corp. site are taking place.
April 1991
236
U.S. RADIUM CORP.
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UNIVERSAL OIL
PRODUCTS
(CHEMICAL DIVISI
NEW JERSEY
EPAID#NJD002005106
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Bergen County
East Rutherford
Other Names:
UOP Chemical Division
Universal Oil Products (Chemical Divison) is located on a 75-acre site along Route 17. Various
chemicals were manufactured from 1932 until 1979, when the company ceased operations and
dismantled the plant. The company also recovered solvents and waste chemicals at the site from
1960 through 1979. Approximately 4 1/2 million gallons of waste solvents and solid chemical
wastes were dumped into two unlined lagoons during this time, which resulted in contamination
of the soil, surface water, and groundwater. The wells for Wellington Township are located
approximately 2 1/2 miles from the site. Approximately 36,500 people within 3 miles of the site
depend on groundwater for their source of drinking water. Groundwater also provides process
cooling water to local industry and drinking water to the residents of the Township. The site is
in the coastal wetland management area of the Hackensack River Basin. Berry's Creek borders
the southeastern part of the site, and Ackerman's Creek, which is a tributary to Berry's Creek,
passes through the site. Berry's Creek joins the Hackensack River about 3 1/2 miles downstream
from the site. Local residents use the area's surface water for recreation.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzenes, trichloroethylene (TCE), vinyl chloride, and toluene; polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs); and the heavy metals lead and arsenic. Sediments contain PCBs. Soil contains
VOCs, PCBs, and the heavy metal manganese. Surface water is contaminated with
VOCs and lead. People who come into direct contact with or accidentally ingest
contaminated soil, sediments, groundwater, or surface water may suffer adverse health
effects. The wetland management area also may be at risk from site runoff.
237
April! 991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Universal Oil Products removed contaminated materials from the
lagoon areas of the site in 1990. The EPA is awaiting final sampling results on the cleanup
levels achieved.
Entire Site: Universal Oil Products, under EPA monitoring, is conducting a study of the
nature and extent of contamination at the site. Based on the results of the study, site
cleanup may be divided into multiple long-term response actions. The study is scheduled
for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: Under an Administrative Order on Consent from the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection, Universal Oil Products has taken the lead in studying the nature and
extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing waste materials from two lagoon areas responsible for site contamination, the
potentially responsible parties and the EPA significantly reduced the threat of exposure to hazardous
materials and prevented further environmental degradation at the Universal Oil Products site. The
investigations leading to the final remedies for the site currently are taking place.
April 1991 238 UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS
(CHEMICAL DIVISION)
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HFFRFIFI n X/fh EPA REGION 2
UttKMILU hSh CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
TOWNSHIP SAN
LANDFILL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980761399
Site Description
The Upper Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill site is an inactive landfill covering 14 acres on a
23-acre tract of land. The site originally was used as a gravel pit from 1938 to 1960, when the
Township purchased 12 acres; the remaining acreage was purchased by the Township in 1977. The
property was operated as a municipal landfill licensed to accept normal household waste until it
closed in 1983. Residents became concerned over the quality of their water, and in response to
requirements by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, the Township installed
three monitoring wells. The County sampled residential wells and the monitoring wells and found
them to be contaminated with mercury and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1983, the State
and the County advised residents to discontinue using their wells, and the Township began supplying
the affected residents with bottled water. The Township began construction of a public water supply
well and distribution system for all residents in 1985. Approximately 100 people live within a mile
of the site, and the nearest residence is about 100 feet away. Deerfield Township has a population of
approximately 6,800 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and Municipal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs such as benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE), and
vinyl chloride and heavy metals including mercury. Initial sampling data indicated low-
level soil contamination in the fill area. The majority of the area residents have been
hooked up to the public water supply wells uphill from the site. People who drink or
come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater may suffer adverse health affects.
In addition, people whoc ome in direct contact with or accidentally ingest the
contaminated soils may be at risk.
239 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: After detection of residential well contamination in 1983 and
before the completion of the public water supply and distribution system in 1986, the
Township supplied affected residents with bottled water and subsequently installed
permanent water lines. All hookups to the new water system were completed in 1986, and the
bottled water was discontinued.
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA began a study to determine the type and extent of the
contamination by sampling the groundwater, soil, sediments, and air. Once the study is
completed in 1991, measures to clean up the site will be recommended. A decision
outlining the selected remedy is expected in late 1991.
Site Facts: Notice letters have been sent to potentially responsible parties known to have utilized
the site. To date, no viable potentially responsible parties have been located, with the exception of
the Township, which operated the landfill.
Environmental Progress
Provision of an alternate water supply has reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants in drinking
water. The Upper Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill site therefore is safe to the surrounding
community and the environment while the investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup
remedy are taking place.
April 1991 240 UPPER DEERFIELD TOWNSHIP
SANITARY I AN DPI I I
-------
VENTRON/VELS
Site Description
Other Names:
Berry's Creek
Thiokol Chemical
Wood-Ridge Chemical
The 40-acre Ventron/Velsicol site operated as a chemical processing plant from 1953 until 1974.
During this time, approximately 160 tons of process waste were buried on site. The Ventron
facilities were abandoned and demolished in 1974. Ventron sold a 7-acre parcel of property, where
two buildings subsequently have been built. Presently, one of these buildings is used as a food
distribution center. Presently, one of these warehouses is used as a food distribution center.
Contaminants still remain on site and are suspected of migrating off site in groundwater and air. The
Ventron/Velsicol Site is located in a densely populated and industrialized area; however, access to
the site is restricted. There are approximately 11,600 people living within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and sediments are contaminated with mercury. Off-site sediments are
contaminated with mercury and zinc. Soils and surface water contain various heavy
metals. Private wells located in the vicinity of the site are believed to be contaminated.
The potentially responsible parties are suspected of discharging raw process waste into a
nearby creek where local residents fish; nearby residents could be exposed to site-related
contaminants when drinking or coming in direct contact with the water or sediments in
the creek. Because wastes were dumped directly onto the ground, on-site workers also
may be exposed to contaminants located in soils and sediments. Migration of site-related
contaminants is threatening nearby wetlands.
241 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA has commenced investigations into site contamination and the
most effective methods to clean up the site. An outline of the investigations and work that
will be performed to determine the extent and nature of site contamination has been
completed. An initial study concerning the amount and the effects of mercury accumulation in fish,
as well as other organisms in the food chain of the affected area, was completed in 1988. Aquatic
organisms were found to have bioaccumulated mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from
the food chain. Contaminants have not bioaccumulated in fish. All investigations are planned to be
completed in 1994. The EPA will review these study findings as well as other site investigation
results to select final technologies and cleanup strategies to address site contamination and potential
health threats.
Site Facts: The EPA approved a Cooperative Agreement made between the State of New Jersey
and the potentially responsible parties in 1984.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Ventron/Velsicol site while further studies are being
completed and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 242 VENTRON/VELSICOL
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VINELAND CH
CO., INC.
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD002385664
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Cumberland County
Vineland
The Vineland Chemical Co., Inc. (ViChem) has manufactured arsenic-based herbicides since 1950
on this 54-acre site in a residential and industrial area of Vineland City. The plant site includes
several manufacturing and storage buildings, a laboratory, several lagoons, and a former chicken
coop. The majority of the site is covered with vegetation, with the exception of the parking lots and
a paved manufacturing area. A security fence surrounds the main part of the plant, including the
manufacturing buildings and lagoon area. Prior to 1977, the company stored by-product arsenic salts
in open piles and in the chicken coop. As a result of water contacting the exposed piles, arsenic has
contaminated the subsurface soils, groundwater, and the nearby Maurice River system downstream
of the site. Also downstream from the site is Union Lake, which covers approximately 800 acres.
The Maurice River system extends 26 miles from the lake to the Delaware Bay. By 1982, ViChem,
in response to State actions, instituted some cleanup actions and modified the production process.
These modifications included: installing a non-contact cooling water system, lining two of the
lagoons, installing a storm water runoff collection system, and disposing of piles of waste salts.
Also in 1982, ViChem, under a State Administrative Order, began operating a wastewater
decontamination system to remove arsenic. The decontamination system receives contaminated
process water and groundwater from two lined surface impoundments and discharges treated water
to percolation lagoons under a State permit. However, the decontamination system can treat only
35,000 gallons of contaminated water per day, while an estimated 150,000 gallons leave the site
daily, and the system has been unable to reduce arsenic concentrations to acceptable levels.
Approximately 57,000 people depend on the groundwater system in the area, either through private
or municipal wells, for drinking water. Residential areas are located on all sides of the site.
Numerous towns and villages are close to the Maurice River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
243
April 1991
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Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, antimony,
cadmium, and lead and the volatile organic compound (VOC) trichloroethylene (TCE).
The surface soil on the site is contaminated with arsenic and small amounts of other
heavy metals. The subsurface soil is contaminated with arsenic alone. Arsenic also has
contaminated Union Lake and the Maurice River. Results of a health screening study
showed that ViChem employees had elevated concentrations of arsenic in their blood and
urine. Accidental ingestion, direct contact, or inhalation of the contaminants may expose
workers or trespassers to increased carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Nearby
residents downstream of the plant site using well water also may be subject to health
risks. Because of the contamination migrating from the site to the Maurice River and
Union Lake, recreational activities have been restricted at Union Lake.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four long-term remedial phases focusing on source control, migration
management, and cleanup of the river and Union Lake sediments.
Response Action Status
Plant Site Source Control: The EPA plans to clean up the arsenic-contaminated soil,
which is a continuing source of groundwater contamination, by using in-place soil
flushing. This process will accelerate natural soil flushing in four active zones that will be
bermed and flooded. The engineering design of the remedy is currently is being prepared and is
expected to be completed by late 1992.
Plant Site Management of Migration: The EPA plans to clean up the arsenic-
contaminated underlying shallow groundwater and stop its migration to the Blackwater
Branch, a tributary to the Maurice River. The methods used to complete this will involve
pumping groundwater at a high flow rate, which will then be treated and recharged to the aquifer
and, if required, to the river. The engineering design of the treatment process is underway and is
expected to be completed in 1992. Construction is expected to be completed by late 1993. After
construction, the groundwater cleanup is expected to take 13 years of treatment.
River Areas Sediments: In the Blackwater Branch tributary, the EPA plans to clean up
those areas with unacceptably high arsenic concentrations by excavating contaminated
flood plain sediments and removing the arsenic. The sediment then will be redeposited in
the flood plain. At the same time, the submerged contaminated sediments will be dredged, cleaned,
and deposited in undeveloped areas of the site. The water used to treat the sediment will be treated
to remove arsenic, which would then be transported, in the form of sludge, to an off-site hazardous
waste facility. After the cleanup action is completed, a 3-year period for natural river flushing will
then be implemented for the rest of the river areas.
April 1991 244 VINELAND CHEMICAL CO., INC.
-------
Union Lake Sediments: After the river areas are cleaned, the EPA plans to clean up
those areas of the lake with unacceptably high arsenic concentrations by lowering the water
level and then dredging. High public access areas, including the public beach and the
sailing club, will be cleaned up by treating the contaminated materials with clean water, and then
returning the cleaned material to the lake. The extraction water used for treatment will be treated to
remove and convert arsenic to a sludge form for off-site treatment and disposal. The treated water
will be returned to the lake.
Site Facts: The EPA is performing environmental studies to determine the need to cleanup the
river and lake sediments. These long-term studies will use data collected before and during the
cleanup activities for the soil and groundwater.
Environmental Progress
After placing the Vineland Chemical site on the NPL, the EPA performed an evaluation and
determined that the site does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding community or the
environment while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
VINELAND CHEMICAL CO., INC.
245
April 1991
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VINFI AND STJWl^^^Wv/^ EPA REGION 2
VIIMtLMIMU 9 I iUSam CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
SCHOOL
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980529887 /C\Ss 1 / Vineland Development Center (VDC)
Site Description
The Vineland State School site is a residential and treatment facility for mentally handicapped
women. The State's Department of Human Services runs the facility, which sits on a 195-acre
campus located in a primarily suburban and residential setting on East Landis Avenue in Vineland.
The school operated an unregulated incinerator and landfill on the property to dispose of its waste.
The incinerator has been dismantled, and the pit was filled in and graded. In the early 1980s,
hazardous chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may have been dumped at the site.
The school property consists of five distinct subsites, where the following activities took place: (1)
the school dumped between 6,000 and 8,000 one-quart containers of mercury-based pesticides into
ponded water, about 20 feet below the ground; (2) an on-site contractor spilled approximately 150
gallons of PCB-laced transformer oil onto the ground when four large transformers were removed in
the mid-1970s; (3) starting in the 1950s, the school used a part of the site as a general dump for any
type of wastes, including chemicals produced and used at the school; (4) during the early to mid-
1950s, the school dumped an unknown amount of transformer oil laced with PCBs from out-of-
service electrical transformers into a 10- to 15-foot-deep pit; and (5) approximately 10 cubic yards
of pesticides and possibly other chemicals the school used for farming may have been dumped into a
10-foot-deep pit some time during the 1950s. The State of New Jersey investigated a PCB spill that
occurred in subsite 2, which led to an extensive cleanup of PCB-contaminated soil, building rubble,
concrete and construction material, soil contaminated with gasoline, and asbestos roofing.
Approximately 13,620 people within 3 miles of the site depend on groundwater as their primary
source of drinking water. The school itself houses approximately 1,050 residents.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater contains low levels of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin; volatile organic
compounds (VOCs); phthalate, which is a plastics by-product; and heavy metals
including lead and mercury. Soils in the subsite 2 area contained PCB-contaminated oil
and fluid from electrical transformers. Soils also contained heavy metals, polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. As a result of the State investigation, it
was determined that the very low levels of contaminants in the soil and groundwater do
not pose a threat to human health or the environment.
247 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) installed three monitoring wells and sampled soils at the site. The City of
Vineland extended its water main to several homes near the site that previously used water
from private wells. In 1988, the NJDEP removed PCB-contaminated soil at subsite 2 and installed a
permanent cap over the area. A fence was installed around subsite 2.
Entire Site: The State completed a study of contaminants at the site in 1989. The EPA
selected a "no action" remedy at the site because of the following conditions: (1) subsite 2
was cleaned up by the immediate actions described above; (2) the State's study of the four
areas that remain shows that low contamination levels do not pose a threat to human health; and (3)
the City extended its public water supply system to the affected residences near the site. The State
will monitor groundwater and the disposal areas on site to ensure that the cleanup effort is effective
and that the groundwater under the site remains free of contaminants.
Environmental Progress
After studying conditions at the Vineland State School site, the EPA and the State determined that
the actions already taken to provide the affected area residences with a safe alternate drinking water
supply and the low contaminant levels in the remaining areas of contamination did not warrant any
further cleanup actions at the site. The Vineland State School site is being closely monitored,
however, to ensure that the steps taken to clean up subsite 2 remain effective.
April 1991 248 VINELAND STATE SCHOOL
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WR HRAPP £f ¥ ftj EPA REGION 2
.K. LlKAUt Ci [/^^/CONGRESSIONAL DIST.08
WAYNE INTERIM
STORAGE SITE (USD
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJ1891837980
Site Description
From 1948 until 1971, site operators extracted thorium and rare earths from monazite ore on the
6 1/2-acre W.R. Grace & Co./Wayne Interim Storage Site in Wayne Township. In 1971, W.R.
Grace ceased processing monazite ore and amended its Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
license to cover only the storage of radioactive materials. The company decontaminated the
property in 1974 to the then-established criteria. In 1975, the NRC released the site for unrestricted
use, provided that the land deed indicated the presence of radioactive material under the site's
surface. Radioactively contaminated soils were removed from nearby properties and were placed in
an interim storage pile through 1988. Radioactive process wastes, process equipment, and building
rubble are buried beneath the interim storage pile. In 1981, the EPA conducted an aerial survey that
showed elevated radiation levels at the plant site, an adjacent school bus maintenance facility, a
township park, along the banks of Sheffield Brook, and a railroad spur. Much of the off-site
contamination was spread by runoff and water discharges from the site. An active agricultural area
is located within 200 feet of the site, and there are homes located to the east and along Sheffield
Brook. Many commercial businesses lie within 3 miles of the site. Residents within 3 miles of the
site rely on groundwater for drinking, household, and irrigation purposes. The municipal well
system serves 51,000 people, and the nearest well is 3,200 feet from the site. Local surface water is
used for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Monitoring at the site measured radon-220 and radon-222 concentrations in the air. The
contaminants identified in the groundwater and surface water are radioactive particles in
the thorium and uranium decay series. After cleanup, monitoring of the storage activities
on the site has shown that these substances do not pose any current health threats to
people.
249 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Cleanup activities began in 1985 under the U.S. Department of Energy's
(DOE) "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" (FUSRAP). The DOE
excavated and contained about 50,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil from all areas
except the railroad spur area. Another 70,000 cubic yards of contaminated wastes exist below-grade
at the site. The storage facility meets EPA guidelines, and the waste is stabilized. The DOE also
studied radioactive contamination along Sheffield Brook, the front of the facility, and the right-of-
way property. All off-site contamination has been identified, characterized, and placed in the
interim storage pile, except materials from the railroad siding. The DOE is continuing to maintain
and monitor the site and is complying with State permit requirements.
Entire Site: In late 1989, the DOE began an intensive study of remaining contamination
at and around the W.R. Grace site. This investigation is exploring the nature and extent of
remaining contamination, which will result in recommendations for cleanup of any
residual contamination. The DOE has sampled the storage pile and plans to further investigate the
railroad spur area and the material buried on site below the storage pile. Field work is scheduled to
be completed in late 1991.
Site Facts: The DOE was given responsibility for cleanup by Congressional action in 1984. The
DOE bought the site from W.R. Grace that year and renamed it the Wayne Interim Storage Site. The
Department used the site as a temporary storage facility for low-level radioactive soils removed
during cleanup of nearby properties.
Environmental Progress
The initial cleanup of the W.R. Grace site has been completed by the DOE, and the site is being
closely monitored by the DOE and the EPA to ensure that radiation levels do not become elevated.
Further investigations leading to a selection of final cleanup technologies currently are underway.
April 1991 250 W.R. GRACE & C07WAYNE INTERIM
STORAGE SITE (USDOE)
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WALDICK AEROSRAftwX 7i> EPA REGION 2
VVMLUIlrlV ^^"^^^^^S^p^/ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
DEVICES, INC
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD054981337
Site Description
This site, approximately 1 1/2 acres in size, is an inactive industrial facility located at 2121 Highway
35 in the Sea Girt section of Wall Township. From 1979 until about 1984, Waldick Aerospace
Devices, Inc. leased this property for the manufacture and plating of metal components for the
aerospace industry. In 1982, State and County inspectors found that during the years of operation a
series of degreasing, dip, rinse, and plating tanks, as well as a polishing machine, were discharging
wastewater directly onto the ground toward the front of the main building. Runoff flowed across the
front lawn. In addition, used machine oil drained out of perforated drums onto the ground at the rear
of the building. Sampling revealed that the wastes contained heavy metals, acids, and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Soil and groundwater, as well as two of the leased buildings, are
contaminated. A third building, never used by the Waldick firm, has been used in recent years for
several retail operations. It is isolated from the main building by a stockade fence. Highway 35 is
an industrial/commercial corridor that separates largely undeveloped land to the west from
developed land to the east. Western land use consists mainly of woodland, agriculture, and scattered
residential areas, although a housing development was being planned just north of the site in 1988.
Public and private wells within a 3-mile radius of the site serve about 41,500 people. The nearest
residence is approximately 1/4 mile from the site. The few private wells in this area are used for
irrigation. The closest drinking water well is on a residential property about 3/8 mile upgradient
from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and county actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The main and auxiliary buildings are contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons,
pesticides, dyestuffs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Groundwater
contains VOCs and heavy metals. Soil contains VOCs, cadmium, and chromium.
Surface water and sediments are contaminated with VOCs and chromium. Accidental
ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated soils may pose a health risk.
Contaminated groundwater does not pose any significant threats, because it is not used as
a drinking water source.
251 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
directed at source control and cleanup of the off-site contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In June 1983, the State and the County excavated about 40 cubic
feet of soil from the southeastern corner of the main building and about 40 cubic feet more
from an area behind the building. The EPA discovered about ten 55- and 30-gallon drums
and 20 containers of varying sizes containing hazardous materials, as well as a storage cabinet of
laboratory chemicals, in January 1985. EPA staff sampled the contents and segregated or bulked
them according to compatibility. The storage area was cordoned off, and the building was secured.
Workers shipped all hazardous waste containers to a temporary storage facility.
Source Control: The EPA selected a remedy for controlling the source of
contamination on the site in 1987 that featured: (1) in-situ air stripping to treat
contaminated soils; (2) excavating all treated soils showing elevated levels of
contamination and disposing of them off site; (3) decontaminating or demolishing the buildings,
depending on how severely they are undermined by excavation; (4) installing additional groundwater
monitoring wells; (5) establishing an environmental monitoring program; and (6) completely fencing
the site to restrict access. The EPA began the engineering design for this remedy in 1988. Sampling
conducted during the design phase has determined that the originally selected technology
contaminated soils by air stripping is not appropriate. Therefore, the remedy has been modified to
include the thermal treatment of contaminated soil prior to its disposal. The design is slated for
completion in late 1991, after which cleanup actions will begin.
Off-Site Contamination: The EPA completed an investigation of the extent of
groundwater, surface water, and stream sediment contamination and issued a decision
outlining interim cleanup methods in March 1991. The interim remedy involves extracting
the groundwater and treating it by chemical precipitation. The sludge resulting from the process will
be disposed of off site. The groundwater will be further treated using air stripping. Once the
groundwater is treated, it will be reinjected into the aquifer. Additional investigations will be
conducted to determine a final cleanup remedy. Interim cleanup actions will begin once the
engineering design of the selected remedy is completed. It is scheduled to begin later in 1991.
Site Facts: In March 1984, Waldick was tried in Superior Court for criminal violation of Federal
and State environmental laws. Waldick and two of the three company officers have filed for
bankruptcy.
Environmental Progress
By removing the containers of hazardous materials and the laboratory chemicals, as well as securing
the building, the EPA has significantly reduced the potential for exposure to contamination at the
Waldick Aerospace Devices site. Cleanup activities will begin once the design of the source control
and the interim groundwater remedies are completed.
April 1991 252 WALDICK AEROSPACE DEVICES, INC.
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WILLIAMS PROPER
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980529945
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Cape May County
Swainton
The Williams Property site is a 6-acre abandoned hazardous waste dump on wooded land in
Swainton. Approximately 200 drums of liquid hazardous wastes were disposed of at the site in
1979. Waste solvents currently are stored in drums and tanks on the site. Soils and groundwater
have been contaminated with high concentrations of toxic and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The area is sparsely populated, although a residence stands on the site. This home's well is
contaminated and has been closed since 1985. A neighboring home lies over the contaminated
plume of groundwater to the northwest, but residents there have reported no problems. Surface
water bodies in the vicinity are used for recreation, and more than 60 people depend on groundwater
for drinking supplies. Groundwater contaminant levels have been decreasing since the initial
disposal of wastes. The site and its surroundings are used primarily for residential purposes; about
eight families live in the area. Municipal and private wells servicing about 4,900 people lie within
3 miles of the site. Groundwater is used for crop irrigation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on the site is contaminated with VOCs and metals. On-site soil contains
phthalates, a plastics by-product, and VOCs including xylene and methylene chloride.
Although the Williams domestic well is not being used for drinking water, the
contaminant plume is migrating toward other wells in the area. People who ingest or
come into direct contact with the polluted water or hazardous waste may be at risk. The
site is in a rural, agricultural region near coastal wetlands and wildlife management areas
that could be subject to contamination from the site runoff.
253
April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1980, the State removed about 1,200 cubic yards of contaminated
sludge and soil. Continued evidence of groundwater contamination forced the closing of
the Williams well in 1985 and the establishment of 24-hour site security. Several
contaminated drums and cylinders have been removed to off-site EPA-approved locations for
disposal.
Entire Site: The EPA selected a remedy for cleanup of the entire site in 1987 that
included: (1) extracting and treating contaminated groundwater and discharging the
cleaned water to the underlying aquifer, (2) excavating 700 cubic yards of contaminated
soil and incinerating it off site; (3) backfilling the excavation with clean soil, regrading it, and
revegetating it; and (4) providing an alternate water supply to nearby residents with polluted wells.
The State, which is taking the lead for site cleanup, also plans to restrict access to the site with
fencing and to dispose of the stored solvents. The engineering design for the selected remedy began
in fall 1990. It is slated for completion in 1992. Cleanup work also began in 1990, with excavation
of contaminated soil and a test burn to determine the feasibility of incineration. Although the test
burn was successful, use of that facility was not approved, and alternatives are being investigated.
Site Facts: In 1984, the parties potentially responsible for the contamination notified the EPA of
their willingness to conduct a study of the site. The potentially responsible parties filed suit against
the EPA and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, seeking to enjoin the
agencies from spending any monies for the study. In 1985, the scope of work submitted by the
potentially responsible parties was found to be inadequate. The EPA informed the potentially
responsible parties that they will not perform the study, and further negotiations will not occur.
Environmental Progress
Much of the contamination has been removed from the Williams Property site, greatly reducing the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials while final cleanup activities take place at the site.
April 1991 254 WILLIAMS PROPERTY
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WILSON FARM
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980532824
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Ocean County
Plumsted Township
Other Names:
Thiokot Corporation
The 438-acre Wilson Farm site is one of seven similar "Plumsted" sites located within 20 square
miles of Plumsted Township. Four of these sites are listed on the NPL. Through an agreement with
the site owner, Thiokol Chemical Company allegedly disposed of bulk liquid and drummed wastes
on 10 acres of this site. The wastes were dumped on the surface in the late 1960s and early 1970s;
there is no evidence of buried materials. Inorganic chemicals were found in drinking wells near the
site in 1987. The site is not fenced or posted, and there is evidence that the area is used for hunting
and recreation. Approximately 1,900 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, and 300 people
live within a mile. These residents rely on private wells for drinking supplies. The closest drinking
water well sampled was approximately 1,500 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
zn
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and heavy metals were detected in
groundwater and stream sediments. Surface and subsurface soils are contaminated with
VOCs and heavy metals. Contaminated surface water and groundwater may pose a
health threat if used for recreational activities or for a drinking water source.
Contaminants found at the site may pose a threat to Borden's Run Creek, Collier's Mill
Lake, and a wildlife refuge.
255
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
fornsinp on eleanun of the entire site.
tif
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1980, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) workers installed six groundwater monitoring wells, removed drums, and
excavated and removed sludge, solid wastes, and approximately 620 cubic yards of
contaminated soil.
Entire Site: In 1987, the NJDEP began an intensive study of the remaining water and
soil pollution at the site. This investigation is exploring the nature and extent of
contamination problems and will recommend the best strategies for final cleanup. It is
scheduled for completion in 1992. Once completed, the EPA will evaluate the study findings and
will select final cleanup remedies for site contamination areas.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and the excavation and removal of sludge, solid wastes, and contaminated soil
have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Wilson Farm site while further
studies and cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 256 WILSON FARM
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WITCO CHEMICA
CORP.
(OAKLAND PLANT)
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD045653854
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Bergen County
Oakland
The Witco Chemical Corp. (Oakland Plant) operates a technical research facility for the
development of specialty chemicals at this 9-acre site on Bauer Drive in Oakland. From 1966
through 1984, the company neutralized laboratory wastewater in an underground tank and then
discharged it into a network of six unlined subsurface seepage pits. This network lies in an aquifer
used for domestic and industrial purposes. The New Jersey State Department of Environmental
Protection (NJDEP) inspected the operation in 1982. Petroleum hydrocarbons and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) were detected in soil and groundwater samples. The operation is located in an
industrial park. It is bordered by Hopper Lake, a recreational water body, and a housing
development. Approximately 43,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, and 5,000 live
within 1 mile. The entire population draws its drinking water supplies from either municipal or
private wells that tap the aquifer of concern. A freshwater wetland lies within a mile of the site, and
Franklin Lake, used for recreation, is 3 miles downstream.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains petroleum hydrocarbons, the VOCs toluene and ethyl benzene, and
carbon disulfide and phthalates. Soil is contaminated with pesticides including dieldrin,
DDE, and DDT and the heavy metals mercury, cadmium, and lead. The seepage pit
samples revealed the presence of high levels of petroleum hydrocarbons and other
organic and inorganic contaminants. The EPA will perform an assessment to determine
what threats and potential threats are posed by the site.
257
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Under a 1982 directive from the NJDEP, Witco began cleanup
operations. The company installed a 6,000-gallon fiberglass tank to receive laboratory
waste. This completely eliminated any subsurface discharges by early 1984. A separate
system for discharging uncontaminated cooling waters into a nearby lake has been established under
a State environmental permit. In 1987, Witco started its own independent soil cleanup. Workers
removed remaining sludges, contaminated soil, and various pieces of discharge equipment. They
backfilled and closed the excavation by 1988. The soils removed were those contaminated to a level
of 100 parts per million of petroleum hydrocarbons; remaining soils have not been tested.
Entire Site: To ensure that Witco's cleanup meets standards, the EPA ordered the
company to conduct a study of any remaining contamination. Witco started the
investigation in fall 1989. It is slated for completion in early 1992. The study will involve
further groundwater and soil investigations to determine the nature and extent of any remaining
contamination present on site.
Site Facts: Pursuant to a July 1982 State directive, Witco deactivated its seepage pit system and
performed a hydrogeologic investigation. In August 1989, Witco entered into an Administrative
Order with the EPA for the performance of an investigation of the site.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup activities already completed by the Witco Chemical Corp. have significantly reduced
the levels of contamination at the site. Further investigations into the extent of any remaining soil
and groundwater contamination currently are underway.
April 1991 258 WITCO CHEMICAL CORP.
(OAKLAND PLANT)
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WOODLAND
ROUTE 72
DUMP
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505879
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Burlington County
Woodland Township
Other Names:
Manahawkin Site
The Woodland Route 72 Dump site is a 12-acre industrial dump located along Route 72, just 2 miles
away from an almost identical site on Route 532. Both are on the National Priorities List; one
residence lies between them. From the early 1950s to the mid-1960s, various wastes were brought to
this uncontrolled disposal site in 55-gallon drums and in bulk transport. Records indicate that the
wastes were dumped into open pits and trenches and then burned. Investigations, however, reveal
that substantial amounts of these wastes were buried. In addition to numerous chemical
contaminants in soil and water, there are some areas of the site where gamma radiation exposure is
greater than the EPA-recommended action level. Active commercial cranberry bogs lie 1/2 mile
northwest of the site. Approximately 900 people live within a 4-mile radius of the site, and only one
private residence is located within a 3-mile radius. Land use in the area is limited to cranberry and
blueberry cultivation and harvesting of cedar and pine for wood products. Residents rely on
groundwater for drinking, household use, and irrigation; about 20 people use private wells within 3
miles of the site. The closest well is 1 1/2 miles from the dump. There is no evidence of well
contamination. The site is located within the Pinelands National Reserve, which was created by the
National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978. Pope Branch, an intermittent stream, is located
approximately 500 feet to the north and 1,000 feet west of the site. Wetlands are located
approximately 1/4 mile southwest of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatiles,
heavy metals, and pesticides. The surface at two areas on the site has elevated levels of
gamma radioactivity (from thorium-232, radium-226, and uranium-238). Off-site
sediments contain lead. Surface and subsurface soils are contaminated with VOCs, semi-
volatiles, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the pesticide DDT; metals also are
present. Surface and subsurface sludge wastes contain a range of organic compounds,
including VOCs, acids, semi-volatiles, DDT, PCBs, and metals. Phenol and lead have
been detected in off-site surface water. A chain-link fence, installed in 1986, may restrict
access to the site somewhat, but there is evidence that children and adults use the
property for recreation. The geology of the site makes it easy for the contaminants in the
soil to seep down into the groundwater. Therefore, people who drink or come in direct
259
April 1991
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contact with groundwater from private wells may be at risk if wells become contaminated. In
addition, coming into direct contact with or accidentally ingesting the contaminated sludge, soil,
surface water, or sediments may pose a health hazard. Pollutants migrating from the site may be
harmful to wildlife inhabiting the Pinelands National Reserve.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phrase directed at cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The cleanup remedy selected for the site by the EPA in 1990 includes the
excavation of 54,000 cubic yards of soil, with off-site disposal and groundwater
extraction and treatment. The feasibility of several groundwater treatment alternatives,
including air stripping, biological treatment, advanced oxidation and carbon adsorption, will be
assessed. Cleanup activities will begin once the engineering design of the selected remedy,
underway since 1990, is completed. Removal and disposal of contaminated soil by the potentially
responsible parties occurred in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The removal and disposal of contaminated soil have reduced the threat of exposure to the public and
the environment while groundwater cleanup activities are being designed for the Woodland Route 72
Dump site.
April 1991
260
WOODLAND ROUTE 72 DUMP
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lAIOnni AlVin ^J^ rX^/Cs/ EPA REGION 2
WUUULAIMU Er CONGRESSIONALDIST. 13
ROUTE 532
DUMP
NEW JERSEY
EPA ID# NJD980505887
Site Description
The Woodland Route 532 Dump site is an inactive chemical waste dump covering about 20 acres
along Route 532. It was put into use after nearby residents forced abandonment of an almost
identical site along Route 72, about 2 miles away, which also is on the National Priorities List.
Several chemical companies disposed of wastes here from 1956 until the mid-1960s, dumping,
burning, and burying drummed and bulk materials. The site contains several sludge mounds and
numerous sandy depressions containing drums. The area around the site is sparsely populated. One
private residence is located within a 3-mile radius of the dump, and 900 people live within 4 miles.
The closest residences rely on private well water. The site is located within the Preservation Area
District of the New Jersey Pinelands. Goodwater Run, an intermittent stream, borders the site to the
east. An active cranberry bog is located 4,000 feet to the southwest The local cranberry producers
use the surface waters to flood the cranberry bogs.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-
volatiles, heavy metals, and pesticides. Goodwater Run contains elevated levels of the
heavy metals zinc and lead. Hazardous waste disposal areas are covered with a sand
layer. This may pose a physical danger to trespassers who come into contact with the
wastes. People who come in direct contact with or drink contaminated groundwater or
surface water may be at risk. Pollutants from the site may be harmful to wildlife
inhabiting the Pinelands National Reserve.
261 April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
immediate Actions: In 1986, a security fence was constructed to restrict site access.
Entire Site: The State concluded a study of soil and groundwater pollution at the site in
1989. In 1990, the EPA selected the cleanup remedy, which involves excavating all
contaminated surface materials and disposing of them at an approved off-site facility and
installing a groundwater recovery system consisting of air stripping, metals removal, biological
treatment, and advanced oxidation or carbon adsorption. By January 1991, waste materials were
removed and disposed of by the potentially responsible parties at an EPA-approved facility. Design
of the groundwater cleanup currently is underway.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a fence to limit site access and removing a substantial amount of waste materials,
the EPA and the potentially responsible parties have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials on the Woodland Route 532 Dump site while the final cleanup remedy for the groundwater
is being designed.
April 1991
262
WOODLAND ROUTE 532 DUMP
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APPENDIX A
Glossary:
Terms Used
in the
Fact Sheets
263
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GLOSSARY
This glossary defines terms used
throughout the NPL Volumes. The
terms and abbreviations contained in
this glossary apply specifically to work
performed under the Superfund program in
the context of hazardous waste management.
These terms may have other meanings when
used in a different context.
Terms Used
in the NPL
Book
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0), that are used in chemical
manufacturing. Acids in high concentration
can be very corrosive and react with many
inorganic and organic substances. These
reactions possibly may create toxic com-
pounds or release heavy metal contaminants
that remain in the environment long after the
acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A legal
and enforceable agreement between the EPA
and the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination. Under the terms of the Order,
the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules,
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government; it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA,
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally,
the EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for
site studies).
Aeration: A process that promotes break-
down of contaminants in soil or water by
exposing them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR): The Federal agency
within the U.S. Public Health Service charged
with carrying out the health-related responsi-
bilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of
air through it in a pressurized vessel. The
contaminants are evaporated into the air
stream. The air may be further treated before
it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Any unconfined part of the
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity
of contaminated air sources.
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock,
sand, or gravel capable of storing water
within cracks and pore spaces, or between
grains. When water contained within an
aquifer is of sufficient quantity and quality, it
can be tapped and used for drinking or other
purposes. The water contained in the aquifer
is called groundwater. A sole source aquifer
supplies 50% or more of the drinking water of
an area.
Artesian (Well): A well made by drilling
into the earth until water is reached, which,
from internal pressure, flows up like a foun-
tain.
265
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GLOSSARY.
Attenuation: The naturally occurring pro-
cess by which a compound is reduced in
concentration over time through adsorption,
degradation, dilution, and/or transformation.
Background Level: The amount of a sub-
stance typically found in the air, water, or soil
from natural, as opposed to human, sources.
Baghouse Dust: Dust accumulated in remov-
ing particulates from the air by passing it
through cloth bags in an enclosure.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH
(greater than 7.0), which tend to be corrosive
in chemical reactions. When bases are mixed
with acids, they neutralize each other, form-
ing salts.
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth
used to prevent the migration of contami-
nants.
Bioaccumulate: The process by which some
contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living
tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people, as
they breathe contaminated air, drink contami-
nated water, or eat contaminated food.
Biological Treatment: The use of bacteria or
other microbial organisms to break down
toxic organic materials into carbon dioxide
and water.
Bioremediation: A cleanup process using
naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants and
break them down into non-hazardous compo-
nents.
Bog: A type of wetland that is covered with
peat moss deposits. Bogs depend primarily
on moisture from the air for their water
source, are usually acidic, and are rich in plant
residue [see Wetland].
Boom: A floating device used to contain oil
floating on a body of water or to restrict the
potential overflow of waste liquids from
containment structures.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into the
ground and used to sample soil or ground-
water.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil,
sand, or gravel has been dug up for use
elsewhere.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a
synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated
materials. The surface of the cap generally is
mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in
which contaminants are removed from
groundwater and surface water by forcing
water through tanks containing activated
carbon, a specially treated material that
attracts and holds or retains contaminants.
Carbon Bisulfide: A degreasing agent
formerly used extensively for parts washing.
This compound has both inorganic and or-
ganic properties, which increase cleaning
efficiency. However, these properties also
cause chemical reactions that increase the
hazard to human health and the environment.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion].
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series
of holes in a landfill where waste is dumped,
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt
CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation, and Liabil-
ity Act].
Characterization: The sampling, monitor-
ing, and analysis of a site to determine the
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extent and nature of toxic releases. Character-
ization provides the basis for acquiring the
necessary technical information to develop,
screen, analyze, and select appropriate
cleanup techniques.
Chemical Fixation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the
potential for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly
toxic and water-soluble, making it a relatively
mobile contaminant in the environment.
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a
release or threat of release of a hazardous
substance. The term "cleanup" sometimes is
used interchangeably with the terms remedial
action, removal action, response action, or
corrective action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill
stops accepting wastes and is shut down,
under Federal guidelines that ensure the
protection of the public and the environment.
Comment Period: A specific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period
is provided when the EPA proposes to add
sites to the NPL. There is minimum 3-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed
to clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communica-
tion with the public. Goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related ac-
tions, assuring public input into decision-
making processes related to affected commu-
nities, and making certain that the Agency is
aware of, and responsive to, public concerns.
Specific community relations activities are
required in relation to Superfund cleanup
actions [see Comment Period].
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA, known as Superfund, in 1980 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come to-
gether.
Consent Decree: A legal document, ap-
proved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between the EPA and the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the
potentially responsible parties are required to
perform and/or the costs incurred by the
government that the parties will reimburse, as
well as the roles, responsibilities, and enforce-
ment options that the government may exer-
cise in the event of non-compliance by poten-
tially responsible parties. If a settlement
between the EPA and a potentially respon-
sible party includes cleanup actions, it must
be in the form of a Consent Decree. A Con-
sent Decree is subject to a public comment
period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order
on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or
containing hazardous substances in a struc-
ture, typically in a pond or a lagoon, to pre-
vent the migration of contaminants into the
environment.
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GLOSSARY.
Contaminant: Any physical, chemical,
biological, or radiological material or sub-
stance whose quantity, location, or nature
produces undesirable health or environmental
effects.
Contingency Plan: A document setting out
an organized, planned, and coordinated course
of action to be followed in case of a fire,
explosion, or other accident that releases toxic
chemicals, hazardous wastes, or radioactive
materials into the environment.
Cooperative Agreement: A contract be-
tween the EPA and the States, wherein a State
agrees to manage or monitor certain site
cleanup responsibilities and other activities on
a cost-sharing basis.
Cost Recovery: A legal process by which
potentially responsible parties can be required
to pay back the Superfund program for money
it spends on any cleanup actions [see Poten-
tially Responsible Parties].
Cover: Vegetation or other material placed
over a landfill or other waste material. It can
be designed to reduce movement of water into
the waste and to prevent erosion that could
cause the movement of contaminants.
Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood preserv-
ing operations and produced by distillation of
tar, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
[see PAHs and PNAs]. Contaminating
sediments, soils, and surface water, creosotes
may cause skin ulcerations and cancer
through prolonged exposure.
Culvert: A pipe used for drainage under a
road, railroad track, path, or through an
embankment.
Decommission: To revoke a license to
operate and take out of service.
Degradation: The process by which a
chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes,
soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
De minimis: This legal phrase pertains to
settlements with parties who contributed
small amounts of hazardous waste to a site.
This process allows the EPA to settle with
small, or de minimis contributors, as a single
group rather than as individuals, saving time,
money, and effort.
Dewater: To remove water from wastes,
soils, or chemicals.
Dike: A low wall that can act as a barrier to
prevent a spill from spreading.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals; polluted
soils; and drums containing hazardous materi-
als. Disposal may be accomplished through
the use of approved secure landfills, surface
impoundments, land farming, deep well
injection, or incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydrologic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgra-
dient of a contaminated groundwater source
are prone to receiving pollutants.
Effluent: Wastewater, treated or untreated,
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents,
and surface areas of commercial or industrial
facilities.
Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix; e.g., oil
and water.
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GLOSSARY
Endangerment Assessment: A study con-
ducted to determine the risks posed to public
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to
direct the potentially responsible parties to
clean up a site or pay for the cleanup. An
endangerment assessment supplements an
investigation of the site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA, State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements; to compel compliance with laws,
rules, regulations, or agreements; and/or to
obtain penalties or criminal sanctions for
violations. Enforcement procedures may
vary, depending on the specific requirements
of different environmental laws and related
regulatory requirements. Under CERCLA,
for example, the EPA will seek to require
potentially responsible parties to clean up a
Superfund site or pay for the cleanup [see
Cost Recovery].
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out.
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as the
remedial investigation is underway; together,
they are commonly referred to as the RI/FS
[see Remedial Investigation].
Filtration: A treatment process for removing
solid (paniculate) matter from water by
passing the water through sand, activated
carbon, or a man-made filter. The process is
often used to remove particles that contain
contaminants.
Flood Plain: An area along a river, formed
from sediment deposited by floods. Flood
plains periodically are innundated by natural
floods, which can spread contamination.
Flue Gas: The air that is emitted from a
chimney after combustion in the burner
occurs. The gas can include nitrogen oxides,
carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides,
particles, and many chemical pollutants.
Fly Ash: Non-combustible residue that
results from the combustion of flue gases. It
can include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,
water vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many
other chemical pollutants.
French Drain System: A crushed rock drain
system constructed of perforated pipes, which
is used to drain and disperse wastewater.
Gasification (coal): The conversion of soft
coal into gas for use as a fuel.
Generator: A facility that emits pollutants
into the air or releases hazardous wastes into
water or soil.
Good Faith Offer: A voluntary offer, gener-
ally in response to a Special Notice letter,
made by a potentially responsible party,
consisting of a written proposal demonstrating
a potentially responsible party's qualifications
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GLOSSARY.
and willingness to perform a site study or
cleanup.
Groundwater: Underground water that fills
pores in soils or openings in rocks to the point
of saturation. In aquifers, groundwater occurs
in sufficient quantities for use as drinking and
irrigation water and other purposes.
Groundwater Quality Assessment: The
process of analyzing the chemical characteris-
tics of groundwater to determine whether any
hazardous materials exist.
Halogens: Reactive non-metals, such as
chlorine and bromine. Halogens are very
good oxidizing agents and, therefore, have
many industrial uses. They are rarely found
by themselves; however, many chemicals
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
some volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and dioxin are reactive because of the pres-
ence of halogens.
Hazard Ranking System (HRS): The
principal screening tool used by the EPA to
evaluate relative risks to public health and the
environment associated with abandoned or
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The HRS
calculates a score based on the potential of
hazardous substances spreading from the site
through the air, surface water, or groundwater
and on other factors such as nearby popula-
tion. The HRS score is the primary factor in
deciding if the site should be on the NPL.
Hazardous Waste: By-products of society
that can pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health and the environment
when improperly managed. It possesses at
least one of four characteristics (ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or appears
on special EPA lists.
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site con-
taining exceptionally high levels of contami-
nation.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater,
with particular emphasis on the chemistry and
movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by con-
trolled burning at high temperatures, e.g.,
burning sludge to reduce the remaining
residues to a non-burnable ash that can be
disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or
in underground locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or other
liquid down through soil from precipitation
(rain or snow) or from application of waste-
water to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant.
Injection Well: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical substances
of mineral origin, not of basic carbon struc-
ture.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 1978
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source from where a water
supply is drawn, such as from a river or water
body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities,
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GLOSSARY
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of
the agencies for performing and overseeing
the activities. States often are parties to
interagency agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in 1980, are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges,
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land and/or
incorporate waste into the surface soil, such
as fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to
the smallest practical volume, and covered
with soil at the end of each operating day.
Secure chemical landfills are disposal sites for
hazardous waste. They are designed to
minimize the chance of release of hazardous
substances into the environment [see Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act].
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles
through or drains from waste, carrying soluble
components from the waste. Leach, Leach-
ing [v.t.]: The process by which soluble
chemical components are dissolved and
carried through soil by water or some other
percolating liquid.
Leachate Collection System: A system that
gathers liquid that has leaked into a landfill or
other waste disposal area and pumps it to the
surface for treatment.
Liner: A relatively impermeable barrier
designed to prevent leachate (waste residue)
from leaking from a landfill. Liner materials
include plastic and dense clay.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct, often
incremental, steps that are taken to solve site
pollution problems. Depending on the com-
plexity, site cleanup activities can be sepa-
rated into several of these phases.
Marsh: A type of wetland that does not
contain peat moss deposits and is dominated
by vegetation. Marshes may be either fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetland].
Migration: The movement of oil, gas,
contaminants, water, or other liquids through
porous and permeable soils or rock.
Mill Tailings: [See Mine Tailings].
Mine Tailings: A fine, sandy residue left
from mining operations. Tailings often
contain high concentrations of lead, uranium,
and arsenic or other heavy metals.
Mitigation: Actions taken to improve site
conditions by limiting, reducing, or control-
ling toxicity and contamination sources.
Modeling: A technique using a mathematical
or physical representation of a system or
theory that tests the effects that changes on
system components have on the overall
performance of the system.
Monitoring Wells: Special wells drilled at
specific locations within, or surrounding, a
hazardous waste site where groundwater can
be sampled at selected depths and studied to
obtain such information as the direction in
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GLOSSARY.
which groundwater flows and the types and
amounts of contaminants present.
National Priorities List (NPL): The EPA's
list of the most serious uncontrolled or aban-
doned hazardous waste sites identified for
possible long-term cleanup under Superfund.
The EPA is required to update the NPL at
least once a year.
Neutrals: Organic compounds that have a
relatively neutral pH, complex structure and,
due to their organic bases, are easily absorbed
into the environment. Naphthalene, pyrene,
and trichlorobenzene are examples of
neutrals.
Nitroaromatics: Common components of
explosive materials, which will explode if
activated by very high temperatures or pres-
sures; 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a
nitroaromatic.
Notice Letter: A General Notice Letter
notifies the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination of their possible liability.
A Special Notice Letter begins a 60-day
formal period of negotiation during which the
EPA is not allowed to start work at a site or
initiate enforcement actions against poten-
tially responsible parties, although the EPA
may undertake certain investigatory and
planning activities. The 60-day period may
be extended if the EPA receives a good faith
offer within that period.
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA, Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superfund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds: Chemical
substances containing mainly carbon, hydro-
gen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where waste water is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic,
modified petrochemical that is used as a wood
preservative because of its toxicity to termites
and fungi. It is a common component of
creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay
or rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery opera-
tions and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene, chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases
from which volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), plastics, and many pesticides are
made. These chemical substances often are
toxic to humans and the environment.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used
in plastics manufacturing and are by-products
of petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye,
and resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly
poisonous.
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GLOSSARY
Physical Chemical Separation: The treat-
ment process of adding a chemical to a sub-
stance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal.
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to deter-
mine its ability to clean up specific contami-
nants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow
of water, oil, or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The move-
ment of the groundwater is influenced by such
factors as local groundwater flow patterns, the
character of the aquifer in which groundwater
is contained, and the density of contaminants
[see Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature, location, or quantity
produces undesired health or environmental
effects.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):
PAHs, such as pyrene, are a group of highly
reactive organic compounds found in motor
oil. They are a common component of creo-
sotes and can cause cancer.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): A
group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications,
carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope immersion oils, and caulk-
ing compounds. PCBs also are produced in
certain combustion processes. PCBs are
extremely persistent in the environment
because they are very stable, non-reactive,
and highly heat resistant. Chronic exposure
to PCBs is believed to cause liver damage. It
also is known to bioaccumulate in fatty
tissues. PCB use and sale was banned in
1979 with the passage of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and
biphenyls, are a group of highly reactive
organic compounds that are a common com-
ponent of creosotes, which can be carcino-
genic.
Poly vinyl Chloride (PVC): A plastic made
from the gaseous substance vinyl chloride.
PVC is used to make pipes, records, raincoats,
and floor tiles. Health risks from high con-
centrations of vinyl chloride include liver
cancer and lung cancer, as well as cancer of
the lymphatic and nervous systems.
Potable Water: Water that is safe for drink-
ing and cooking.
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs):
Parties, including owners, who may have
contributed to the contamination at a Su-
perfund site and may be liable for costs of
response actions. Parties are considered PRPs
until they admit liability or a court makes a
determination of liability. PRPs may sign a
Consent Decree or Administrative Order on
Consent to participate in site cleanup activity
without admitting liability.
Precipitation: The removal of solids from
liquid waste so that the solid and liquid
portions can be disposed of safely; the re-
moval of particles from airborne emissions.
Electrochemical precipitation is the use of an
anode or cathode to remove the hazardous
chemicals. Chemical precipitation involves
the addition of some substance to cause the
solid portion to separate.
Preliminary Assessment: The process of
collecting and reviewing available informa-
tion about a known or suspected waste site or
release to determine if a threat or potential
threat exists.
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GLOSSARY.
Pump and Treat: A groundwater cleanup
technique involving the extracting of contami-
nated groundwater from the subsurface and
the removal of contaminants, using one of
several treatment technologies.
Radionuclides: Elements, including radium
and uranium-235 and -238, which break down
and produce radioactive substances due to
their unstable atomic structure. Some are
man-made, and others are naturally occurring
in the environment. Radon, the gaseous form
of radium, decays to form alpha particle
radiation, which cannot be absorbed through
skin. However, it can be inhaled, which
allows alpha particles to affect unprotected
tissues directly and thus cause cancer. Radia-
tion also occurs naturally through the break-
down of granite stones.
RCRA: [See Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act].
Recharge Area: A land area where rainwater
saturates the ground and soaks through the
earth to reach an aquifer.
Record of Decision (ROD): A public docu-
ment that explains which cleanup
alternative(s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual construc-
tion or implementation phase of a Superfund
site cleanup following the remedial design
[see Cleanup].
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup,
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth study
designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contami-
nation at a Superfund site, establish the
criteria for cleaning up the site, identify the
preliminary alternatives for cleanup actions,
and support the technical and cost analyses of
the alternatives. The remedial investigation
is usually done with the feasibility study.
Together they are customarily referred to as
the RI/FS [see Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at a site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed with-
out further cleanup activities, a "No Action"
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision].
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant remain-
ing in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g.,
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or particulates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubbing, or
other, process.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA): A Federal law that established a
regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
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GLOSSARY
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons to store
waste.
Riparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to rivers
and streams that have a high density, diver-
sity, and productivity of plant and animal
species relative to nearby uplands.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contamina-
tion from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution device that uses a
spray of water or reactant or a dry process to
trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters, such
as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
Seeps: Specific points where releases of
liquid (usually leachate) form from waste
disposal areas, particularly along the lower
edges of landfills.
Seepage Pits: A hole, shaft, or cavity in the
ground used for storage of liquids, usually in
the form of leachate, from waste disposal
areas. The liquid gradually leaves the pit by
moving through the surrounding soil.
Septage: Residue remaining in a septic tank
after the treatment process.
Sinkhole: A hollow depression in the land
surface in which drainage collects; associated
with underground caves and passages that
facilitate the movement of liquids.
Site Characterization: The technical pro-
cess used to evaluate the nature and extent of
environmental contamination, which is
necessary for choosing and designing cleanup
measures and monitoring their effectiveness.
Site Inspection: The collection of informa-
tion from a hazardous waste site to determine
the extent and severity of hazards posed by
the site. It follows, and is more extensive
than, a preliminary assessment. The purpose
is to gather information necessary to score the
site, using the Hazard Ranking System, and to
determine if the site presents an immediate
threat that requires a prompt removal action.
Slag: The fused refuse or dross separated
from a metal in the process of smelting.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial
or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the
flow of contaminated groundwater or subsur-
face liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by
digging a trench around a contaminated area
and filling the trench with an impermeable
material that prevents water from passing
through it. The groundwater or contaminated
liquids trapped within the area surrounded by
the slurry wall can be extracted and treated.
Smelter: A facility that melts or fuses ore,
often with an accompanying chemical change,
to separate the metal. Emissions from smelt-
ers are known to cause pollution.
Soil Gas: Gaseous elements and compounds
that occur in the small spaces between par-
ticles of soil. Such gases can move through
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GLOSSARY.
or leave the soil or rock, depending on
changes in pressure.
Soil Vapor Extraction: A treatment process
that uses vacuum wells to remove hazardous
gases from soil.
Soil Washing: A water-based process for
mechanically scrubbing soils in-place to
remove undesirable materials. There are two
approaches: dissolving or suspending them in
the wash solution for later treatment by
conventional methods, and concentrating
them into a smaller volume of soil through
simple particle size separation techniques [see
Solvent Extraction].
Stabilization: The process of changing an
active substance into inert, harmless material,
or physical activities at a site that act to limit
the further spread of contamination without
actual reduction of toxicity.
Solidification/Stabilization: A chemical or
physical reduction of the mobility of hazard-
ous constituents. Mobility is reduced through
the binding of hazardous constituents into a
solid mass with low permeability and resis-
tance to leaching.
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form a solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for degreasing, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges,
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorption: The action of soaking up or at-
tracting substances. It is used in many pollu-
tion control systems.
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air
Stripping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal.
Superfund: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority
to respond directly to releases or threatened
releases of hazardous substances that may
endanger public health, welfare, or the envi-
ronment. The "Superfund" is a trust fund that
finances cleanup actions at hazardous waste
sites.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, includ-
ing liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wet-
lands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soil.
Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater, soil,
etc., to determine whether and how well the
method will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as
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GLOSSARY
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent.
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled,
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver [see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order].
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope;
demarks areas that are higher than contami-
nated areas and, therefore, are not prone to
contamination by the movement of polluted
groundwater.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the
soil draws VOC-contaminated air from the
soil pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn
down from the surface of the soil.
Vegetated Soil Cap: A cap constructed with
graded soils and seed for vegetative growth,
to prevent erosion [see Cap].
Vitrification: The process of electrically
melting wastes and soils or sludges to bind
the waste in a glassy, solid material more
durable than granite or marble and resistant to
leaching.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
VOCs are manufactured as secondary petro-
chemicals. They include light alcohols,
acetone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride,
toluene, and methylene chloride. These
potentially toxic chemicals are used as sol-
vents, degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels.
Because of their volatile nature, they readily
evaporate into the air, increasing the potential
exposure to humans. Due to their low water
solubility, environmental persistence, and
widespread industrial use, they are commonly
found in soil and groundwater.
Waste Treatment Plant: A facility that uses
a series of tanks, screens, filters, and other
treatment processes to remove pollutants from
water.
Wastewater: The spent or used water from
individual homes or industries.
Watershed: The land area that drains into a
stream or other water body.
Water Table: The upper surface of the
groundwater.
Weir: A barrier to divert water or other
liquids.
Wetland: An area that is regularly saturated
by surface or groundwater and, under normal
circumstances, is capable of supporting
vegetation typically adapted for life in satu-
rated soil conditions. Wetlands are critical to
sustaining many species of fish and wildlife.
Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes,
and bogs. Wetlands may be either coastal or
inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish
(a mixture of salt and fresh) water, and most
have tides, while inland wetlands are non-
tidal and freshwater. Coastal wetlands are an
integral component of estuaries.
Wildlife Refuge: An area designated for the
protection of wild animals, within which
hunting and fishing are either prohibited or
strictly controlled.
277
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APPENDIX B
Information
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