United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(OS-240)
EPA/540/8-91/052
September 1991
PB92-963240
vxEPA National
Priorities
List Sites:
PE NNSYLVAN I A
1991
Primed on Recycled Paper
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Publication #9200.5-738A
September 1991
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
Pennsylvania
U S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12j)
77 Vest Jackson Boulevard, 12in i toor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Emergency & Remedial Response
Office of Program Management
Washington, DC 20460
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If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes contact:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA22161
(703) 487-4650
The National Overview volume, Superfund: Focusing on the Nation at Large (1991),
may be ordered as PB92-963253.
The complete set of the overview documents, plus the 49 state reports may be ordered
as PB92-963253.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction:
A Brief Overview 1
Super fund:
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up Sites? 5
The Volume:
How to Use the State Book 13
NPL Sites:
In the State of Pennsylvania 17
The NPL Report:
Progress to Date 19
The NPL Fact Sheets:
Summary of Site Activities 25
Appendix A: Glossary:
Terms Used in the Fact Sheets 229
Appendix B: Repositories of
Site Information 245
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INTRODUCTION
WHY THE SUPERFUND
PROGRAM?
As the 1970s came to a close, a series of
headline stories gave Americans a
look at the dangers of dumping indus-
trial and urban wastes on the land. First there
was New York's Love Canal. Hazardous
waste buried there over a 25-year period
contaminated streams and soil, and endangered
the health of nearby residents. The result:
evacuation of several hundred people. Then
the leaking barrels at the Valley of the Drums
in Kentucky attracted public attention, as did
the dioxin-tainted land and water in Times
Beach, Missouri.
In all these cases, human health and the envi-
ronment were threatened, lives were disrupted,
and property values were reduced. It became
increasingly clear that there were large num-
bers of serious hazardous waste problems that
were falling through the cracks of existing
environmental laws. The magnitude of these
emerging problems moved Congress to enact
the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act in 1980.
CERCLA — commonly known as Superfund
— was the first Federal law established to deal
with the dangers posed by the Nation's hazard-
ous waste sites.
After Discovery, the Problem
Intensified
Few realized the size of the problem until the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
began the process of site discovery and site
evaluation. Not hundreds, but thousands of
potential hazardous waste sites existed, and
they presented the Nation with some of the
most complex pollution problems it had ever
faced.
Since the Superfund program began, hazard-
A
Brief
Overview
ous waste has surfaced as a major environ-
mental concern in every part of the United
States. It wasn't just the land that was con-
taminated by past disposal practices. Chemi-
cals in the soil were spreading into the ground-
water (a source of drinking water for many)
and into streams, lakes, bays, and wetlands.
Toxic vapors contaminated the air at some
sites, while improperly disposed or stored
wastes threatened the health of the surrounding
community and the environment at others.
The EPA Identified More than 1,200
Serious Sites
The EPA has identified 1,245 hazardous waste
sites as the most serious in the Nation. These
sites comprise the National Priorities List; sites
targeted for cleanup under Super-fund. But
site discoveries continue, and the EPA esti-
mates that, while some will be deleted after
lengthy cleanups, this list, commonly called
the NPL, will continue to grow by approxi-
mately 50 to 100 sites per year, potentially
reaching 2,100 sites by the year 2000.
THE NATIONAL CLEANUP
EFFORT IS MUCH MORE THAN
THE NPL
From the beginning of the program, Congress
recognized that the Federal government could
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INTRODUCTION
not and should not address all environmental
problems stemming from past disposal prac-
tices. Therefore, the EPA was directed to set
priorities and establish a list of sites to target.
Sites on the NPL (1,245) thus are a relatively
small subset of a larger inventory of potential
hazardous waste sites, but they do comprise
the most complex and compelling cases. The
EPA has logged more than 35,000 sites on its
national inventory of potentially hazardous
waste sites and assesses each site within one
year of being logged.
THE EPA IS MAKING PROGRESS
ON SITE CLEANUP
The goal of the Superfund program is to tackle
immediate dangers first and then move through
the progressive steps necessary to eliminate
any long-term risks to public health and the
environment.
Superfund responds immediately to sites
posing imminent threats to human health and
the environment at both NPL sites and sites not
on the NPL. The purpose is to stabilize,
prevent, or temper the effects of a release of
hazardous substances, or the threat of one, into
the environment. These might include tire
fires or transportation accidents involving the
spill of hazardous chemicals. Because they
reduce the threat a site poses to human health
and the environment, immediate cleanup
actions are an integral part of the Superfund
program.
Immediate response to imminent threats is one
of Superfund's most noted achievements.
Where imminent threats to the public or
environment were evident, the EPA has initi-
ated or completed emergency actions that
attacked the most serious threats of toxic
exposure in more than 2,700 cases.
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on
the NPL is a permanent solution to an environ-
mental problem that presents a serious threat
to the public or the environment. This often
requires a long-term effort. The EPA has
aggressively accelerated its efforts to perform
these long-term cleanups of NPL sites. More
cleanups were started in 1987, when the
Superfund law was amended, than in any
previous year. By 1991, construction had
started at more than four times as many sites as
in 1986! Of the sites currently on the NPL,
more than 500 — nearly half — have had
construction cleanup activity. In addition,
more than 400 more sites presently are in the
investigation stage to determine the extent of
site contamination and to identify appropriate
cleanup remedies. Many other sites with
cleanup remedies selected are poised for the
start of cleanup construction activity. In
measuring success by "progress through the
cleanup pipeline," the EPA clearly is gaining
momentum.
THE EPA MAKES SURE
CLEANUP WORKS
The EPA has gained enough experience in
cleanup construction to understand that envi-
ronmental protection does not end when the
remedy is in place. Many complex technolo-
gies — like those designed to clean up ground-
water — must operate for many years in order
to accomplish their objectives.
The EPA's hazardous waste site managers are
committed to proper operation and mainte-
nance of every remedy constructed. No matter
who has been delegated responsibility for
monitoring the cleanup work, the EPA will
assure that the remedy is carefully followed
and that it continues to do its job.
Likewise, the EPA does not abandon a site
even after the cleanup work is done. Every
five years, the Agency reviews each site where
residues from hazardous waste cleanup still
remain to ensure that public and environmental
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INTRODUCTION
health are being safeguarded. The EPA will
correct any deficiencies discovered and will
report to the public annually on all five-year
reviews conducted that year.
CITIZENS HELP SHAPE
DECISIONS
Superfund activities also depend upon local
citizen participation. The EPA's job is to
analyze the hazards and to deploy the experts,
but the Agency needs citizen input as it makes
choices for affected communities.
Because the people in a community where a
Superfund site is located will be those most
directly affected by hazardous waste problems
and cleanup processes, the EPA encourages
citizens to get involved in cleanup decisions.
Public involvement and comment does influ-
ence EPA cleanup plans by providing valuable
information about site conditions, community
concerns, and preferences.
The State and U.S. Territories volumes and the
companion National overview volume provide
general Superfund background information
and descriptions of activities at each NPL site.
These volumes clearly describe what the
problems are, what the EPA and others partici-
pating in site cleanups are doing, and how we,
as a Nation, can move ahead in solving these
serious problems.
USING THE STATE AND
NATIONAL VOLUMES TOGETHER
To understand the big picture on hazardous
waste cleanup, citizens need to hear about both
environmental progress across the country and
the cleanup accomplishments closer to home.
Citizens also should understand the challenges
involved in hazardous waste cleanup and the
decisions we must make, as a Nation, in
finding the best solutions.
The National overview, Superfund: Focusing
on the Nation at Large (1991), contains impor-
tant information to help you understand the
magnitude and challenges facing the
Superfund program, as well as an overview of
the National cleanup effort. The sections
describe the nature of the hazardous waste
problem nationwide, threats and contaminants
at NPL sites and their potential effects on
human health and the environment, vital roles
of the various participants in the cleanup
process, the Superfund program's successes in
cleaning up the Nation's serious hazardous
waste sites, and the current status of the NPL.
If you did not receive this overview volume,
ordering information is provided in the front of
this book.
This volume compiles site summary fact sheets
on each State or Territorial site being cleaned
up under the Superfund program. These sites
represent the most serious hazardous waste
problems in the Nation and require the most
complicated and costly site solutions yet
encountered. Each book gives a "snapshot" of
the conditions and cleanup progress that has
been made at each NPL site. Information
presented for each site is current as of April
1991. Conditions change as our cleanup
efforts continue, so these site summaries will
be updated annually to include information on
new progress being made.
To help you understand the cleanup accom-
plishments made at these sites, this volume
includes a description of the process for site
discovery, threat evaluation, and long-term
cleanup of Superfund sites. This description,
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up
Sites?, will serve as a reference point from
which to review the cleanup status at specific
sites. A glossary defining key terms as they
apply to hazardous waste management and site
cleanup is included as Appendix A in the back
of this book.
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SUPERFUND
The diverse problems posed by hazard-
ous waste sites have provided the EPA
with the challenge to establish a consis-
tent approach for evaluating and cleaning up
the Nation's most serious sites. To do this, the
EPA has had to step beyond its traditional role
as a regulatory agency to develop processes
and guidelines for each step in these techni-
cally complex site cleanups. The EPA has
established procedures to coordinate the
efforts of its Washington, D.C. Headquarters
program offices and its front-line staff in ten
Regional Offices, with the State and local
governments, contractors, and private parties
who are participating in site cleanup. An
important part of the process is that any time
How Does the
Program Work
to Clean Up
Sites?
THREE-STEP SUPERFUND PROCESS
STEP1
Discover site and
determine whether
an emergency
exists *
illllf
STEP 2
Evaluate whether a
site is a serious threat
to public health or
environment
STEP 3
Perform long-term
cleanup actions on
the most serious
hazardous waste
sites in the Nation
* Emergency actions are performed whenever needed in this three-step process.
during cleanup, work can be led by the EPA
or the State or, under their monitoring, by
private parties who are potentially responsible
for site contamination.
The process for discovery of the site, evalu-
ation of threat, and the long-term cleanup of
Superfund sites is summarized in the follow-
ing pages. The phases of each of these steps
are highlighted within the description. The
flow diagram above provides a summary of the
three-step process.
Although this book provides a current "snap-
shot" of site progress made only by emergency
actions and long-term cleanup actions at
Superfund sites, it is important to understand
the discovery and evaluation process that leads
to identifying and cleaning up these most
serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous
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SUPERFUND
waste sites in the Nation. The discovery and
evaluation process is the starting point for this
summary description of Superfund involve-
ment at hazardous waste sites.
STEP 1: SITE DISCOVERY AND
EMERGENCY EVALUATION
How does the EPA learn about
potential hazardous waste sites?
Site discovery occurs in a number of ways.
Information comes from concerned citizens.
People may notice an odd taste or foul odor in
their drinking water or see half-buried leaking
barrels; a hunter may come across a field
where waste was dumped illegally. There may
be an explosion or fire, which alerts the State
or local authorities to a problem. Routine
investigations by State and local governments
and required reporting and inspection of
facilities that generate, treat, store, or dispose
of hazardous waste also help keep the EPA
informed about actual or potential threats of
hazardous substance releases. All reported
sites or spills are recorded in the Superfund
inventory (CERCLIS) for further investigation
to determine whether they will require cleanup.
What happens if there is an imminent
danger?
As soon as a potential hazardous waste site is
reported, the EPA determines whether there is
an emergency requiring an immediate cleanup
action. If there is, they act as quickly as
possible to remove or stabilize the imminent
threat. These short-term emergency actions
range from building a fence around the con-
taminated area to keep people away, or tempo-
rarily relocating residents until the danger is
addressed, to providing bottled water to resi-
dents while their local drinking water supply is
being cleaned up or physically removing
wastes for safe disposal.
However, emergency actions can happen at
any time an imminent threat or emergency
warrants them. For example, if leaking barrels
are found when cleanup crews start digging in
the ground or if samples of contaminated soils
or air show that there may be a threat of fire or
explosion, an immediate action is taken.
STEP 2: SITE THREAT EVALUATION
If there isn't an Imminent danger, how
does the EPA determine what, if any,
cleanup actions should be taken?
Even after any imminent dangers are taken
care of, in most cases, contamination may
remain at the site. For example, residents may
have been supplied with bottled water to take
care of their immediate problem of contami-
nated well water, but now it's time to deter-
mine what is contaminating the drinking water
supply and the best way to clean it up. The
EPA may determine that there is no imminent
danger from a site, so any long-term threats
need to be evaluated. In either case, a more
comprehensive investigation is needed to
determine if a site poses a serious, but not
imminent, danger and whether it requires a
long-term cleanup action.
Once a site is discovered and any needed
emergency actions are taken, the EPA or the
State collects all available background infor-
mation not only from their own files, but also
from local records and U.S. Geological Survey
maps. This information is used to identify the
site and to perform a preliminary assessment of
its potential hazards. This is a quick review of
readily available information to answer the
questions:
• Are hazardous substances likely to be
present?
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SUPERFUND
• How are they contained?
• How might contaminants spread?
• How close is the nearest well, home, or
natural resource area such as a wetland
or animal sanctuary?
• What may be harmed — the land,
water, air, people, plants, or animals?
Some sites do not require further action be-
cause the preliminary assessment shows that
they do not threaten public health or the envi-
ronment. But even in these cases, the sites
remain listed in the Superfund inventory for
record-keeping purposes and future reference.
Currently, there are more than 35,000 sites
maintained in this inventory.
If the preliminary assessment
shows a serious threat may exist,
what's the next step?
Inspectors go to the site to collect additional
information to evaluate its hazard potential.
During this site inspection, they look for
evidence of hazardous waste, such as leaking
drums and dead or discolored vegetation.
They may take some samples of soil, well
water, river water, and air. Inspectors analyze
the ways hazardous materials could be pollut-
ing the environment, such as runoff into
nearby streams. They also check to see if
people (especially children) have access to
the site.
How does the EPA use the results of
the site inspection?
Information collected during the site inspection
is used to identify the sites posing the most
serious threats to human health and the envi-
ronment. This way, the EPA can meet the
requirement that Congress gave them to use
Superfund monies only on the worst hazardous
waste sites in the Nation.
To identify the most serious sites, the EPA
developed the Hazard Ranking System (HRS).
The HRS is the scoring system the EPA uses to
assess the relative threat from a release or a
potential release of hazardous substances from
a site to surrounding groundwater, surface
water, air, and soil. A site score is based on
the likelihood that a hazardous substance will
be released from the site, the toxicity and
amount of hazardous substances at the site, and
the people and sensitive environments poten-
tially affected by contamination at the site.
Only sites with high enough health and envi-
ronmental risk scores are proposed to be added
to the NPL. That's why 1,245 sites are on the
NPL, but there are more than 35,000 sites in
the Superfund inventory. Only NPL sites can
have a long-term cleanup paid for from
Superfund, the national hazardous waste trust
fund. Superfund can, and does, pay for emer-
gency actions performed at any site, whether
or not it'son the NPL.
Why are sites proposed to the NPL?
Sites proposed to the NPL have been evaluated
through the scoring process as the most serious
problems among uncontrolled or abandoned
hazardous waste sites in the U.S. In addition, a
site will be proposed to the NPL if the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
issues a health advisory recommending that
people be moved away from the site. The NPL
is updated at least once a year, and it's only
after public comments are considered that
these proposed worst sites officially are added
to the list.
Listing on the NPL does not set the order in
which sites will be cleaned up. The order is
influenced by the relative priority of the site's
health and environmental threats compared to
other sites, and such factors as State priorities,
engineering capabilities, and available tech-
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SUPERFUND
nologies. Many States also have their own list
of sites that require cleanup; these often contain
sites that are not on the NPL and are scheduled
to be cleaned up with State money. And, it
should be noted again that any emergency
action needed at a site can be performed by the
Superfund, whether or not a site is on the NPL.
A detailed description of the current progress in
cleaning up NPL sites is found in the section of
the 1991 National overview volume entitled
Cleanup Successes: Measuring Progress.
How do people find out whether the
EPA considers a site a national
priority for cleanup under the
Superfund Program?
All NPL sites, where Superfund is responsible
for cleanup, are described in the State and
Territorial volumes. The public also can find
out whether other sites, not on the NPL, are
being addressed by the Superfund program by
calling their Regional EPA office or the Super-
fund Hotline at the numbers listed in this book.
STEP 3: LONG-TERM CLEANUP
ACTIONS
After a site is added to the NPL, what
are the steps to cleanup?
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on
the NPL is a permanent, long-term cleanup.
Since every site presents a unique set of chal-
lenges, there is no single all-purpose solution.
A five-phase "remedial response" process is
used to develop consistent and workable
solutions to hazardous waste problems across
the Nation:
1. Remedial Investigation: investigate in
detail the extent of the site contamination
2. Feasibility Study: study the range of
possible cleanup remedies
3. Record of Decision or ROD: decide
which remedy to use
4. Remedial Design: plan the remedy
5. Remedial Action: carry out the remedy
This remedial response process is a long-term
effort to provide a permanent solution to an
environmental problem that presents a serious
threat to the public or environment.
The first two phases of a long-term cleanup are
a combined remedial investigation and feasibil-
ity study (RI/FS) that determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site and identify
and evaluate cleanup alternatives. These
studies may be conducted by the EPA or the
State or, under their monitoring, by private
parties.
Like the initial site inspection described earlier,
a remedial investigation involves an examina-
tion of site data in order to better define the
problem. However, the remedial investigation
is much more detailed and comprehensive than
the initial site inspection.
A remedial investigation can best be described
as a carefully designed field study. It includes
extensive sampling and laboratory analyses to
generate more precise data on the types and
quantities of wastes present at the site, the type
of soil and water drainage patterns, and specific
human health and environmental risks.
The result of the remedial investigation is
information that allows the EPA to select the
cleanup strategy that is best suited to a particu-
lar site or to determine that no cleanup is
needed.
Placing a site on the NPL does not necessarily
mean that cleanup is needed. It is possible for
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SUPERFUND
a site to receive an HRS score high enough to
be added to the NPL, but not ultimately require
cleanup actions. Keep in mind that the purpose
of the scoring process is to provide a prelimi-
nary and conservative assessment of potential
risk. During subsequent site investigations, the
EPA may find either that there is no real threat
or that the site does not pose significant human
health or environmental risks.
How are cleanup alternatives
identified and evaluated?
The EPA or the State or, under their monitor-
ing, private parties identify and analyze spe-
cific site cleanup needs based on the extensive
information collected during the remedial
investigation. This analysis of cleanup alterna-
tives is called & feasibility study.
Since cleanup actions must be tailored exactly
to the needs of each individual site, more than
one possible cleanup alternative is always
considered. After making sure that all potential
cleanup remedies fully protect human health
and the environment and comply with Federal
and State laws, the advantages and disadvan-
tages of each cleanup alternative are compared
carefully. These comparisons are made to
determine their effectiveness in the short and
long term, their use of permanent treatment
solutions, and their technical feasibility and
cost.
To the maximum extent practicable, the rem-
edy must be a permanent solution and must use
treatment technologies to destroy principal site
contaminants. Remedies such as containing the
waste on site or removing the source of the
problem (like leaking barrels) often are consid-
ered effective. Often, special pilot studies are
conducted to determine the effectiveness and
feasibility of using a particular technology to
clean up a site. Therefore, the combined
remedial investigation and feasibility study can
take between 10 and 30 months to complete,
depending on the size and complexity of the
problem.
Does the public have a say in the
final cleanup decision?
Yes. The Superfund law requires that the
public be given the opportunity to comment on
the proposed cleanup plan. Their concerns are
considered carefully before a final decision is
made.
The results of the remedial investigation and
feasibility study, which also point out the
recommended cleanup choice, are published in
a report for public review and comment. The
EPA or the State encourages the public to
review the information and take an active role
in the final cleanup decision. Fact sheets and
announcements in local papers let the commu-
nity know where they can get copies of the
study and other reference documents concern-
ing the site. Local information repositories,
such as libraries or other public buildings, are
established in cities and towns near each NPL
site to ensure that the public has an opportunity
to review all relevant information and the
proposed cleanup plans. Locations of informa-
tion repositories for each NPL site described in
this volume are given in Appendix B.
The public has a minimum of 30 days to
comment on the proposed cleanup plan after it
is published. These comments can be written
or given verbally at public meetings that the
EPA or the State are required to hold. Neither
the EPA nor the State can select the final
cleanup remedy without evaluating and provid-
ing written answers to specific community
comments and concerns. This "responsiveness
summary" is part of the EPA's write-up of the
final remedy decision, called the Record of
Decision, or ROD.
The ROD is a public document that explains
the cleanup remedy chosen and the reason it
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SUPERFUND
was selected. Since sites frequently are large
and must be cleaned up in stages, a ROD may
be necessary for each contaminated resource or
area of the site. This may be necessary when
contaminants have spread into the soil, water,
and air and affect such sensitive areas as
wetlands, or when the site is large and cleaned
up in stages. This often means that a number
of remedies, using different cleanup technolo-
gies, are needed to clean up a single site.
If every cleanup action needs to be
tailored to a site, does the design
ofthe remedy need to be tailored,
too?
Yes. Before a specific cleanup action is carried
out, it must be designed in detail to meet
specific site needs. This stage of the cleanup is
called the remedial design. The design phase
provides the details on how the selected rem-
edy will be engineered and constructed.
Projects to clean up a hazardous waste site may
appear to be like any other major construction
project but, in fact, the likely presence of
combinations of dangerous chemicals demands
special construction planning and procedures.
Therefore, the design of the remedy can take
anywhere from six months to two years to
complete. This blueprint for site cleanup
includes not only the details on every aspect of
the construction work, but a description of the
types of hazardous wastes expected at the site,
special plans for environmental protection,
worker safety, regulatory compliance, and
equipment decontamination.
Once the design is completed,
how long does it take to actually
clean up the site, and how much
does it cost?
The time and cost for performing the site
cleanup, called the remedial action, are as
varied as the remedies themselves. In a few
cases, the only action needed may be to remove
drums of hazardous waste and to decontami-
nate them, an action that takes limited time and
money. In most cases, however, a remedial
action may involve different and expensive
cleanup measures that can take a long time.
For example, cleaning polluted groundwater or
dredging contaminated river bottoms can take
several years of complex engineering work
before contamination is reduced to safe levels.
Sometimes the selected cleanup remedy de-
scribed in the ROD may need to be modified
because of new contaminant information
discovered or difficulties that were faced
during the early cleanup activities. Taking into
account these differences, each remedial
cleanup action takes an average of 18 months
to complete and ultimately costs an average of
$26 million to complete all necessary cleanup
actions at a site.
Once the cleanup action is
completed, is the site
automatically "deleted" from the
NPL?
No. The deletion of a site from the NPL is
anything but automatic. For example, cleanup
of contaminated groundwater may take up to
20 years or longer. Also, in some cases, long-
term monitoring of the remedy is required to
ensure that it is effective. After construction of
certain remedies, operation and maintenance
(e.g., maintenance of ground cover, groundwa-
ter monitoring, etc.), or continued pumping and
treating of groundwater may be required to
ensure that the remedy continues to prevent
future health hazards or environmental damage
and ultimately meets the cleanup goals speci-
fied in the ROD. Sites in this final monitoring
or operational stage of the cleanup process are
designated as "construction complete."
It's not until a site cleanup meets all the goals
and monitoring requirements of the selected
10
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SUPERFUND
remedy that the EPA can officially propose the
site for deletion from the NPL, and it's not
until public comments are taken into consid-
eration that a site actually can be deleted from
the NPL. All sites deleted from the NPL and
sites with completed construction are included
in the progress report found later in this book.
Can a site be taken off the NPL if
no cleanup has taken place?
Yes. But only if further site investigation
reveals that there are no threats present at the
site and that cleanup activities are not neces-
sary. In these cases, the EPA will select a "no
action" remedy and may move to delete the
site when monitoring confirms that the site
does not pose a threat to human health or the
environment.
In other cases, sites may be "removed" from
the NPL if new information concerning site
cleanup or threats show that the site does not
warrant Superfund activities.
A site may be removed if a revised HRS
scoring, based on updated information, results
in a score below the minimum for NPL sites.
A site also may be removed from the NPL by
transferring it to other appropriate Federal
cleanup authorities, such as RCRA, for further
cleanup actions.
Removing sites for technical reasons or trans-
ferring sites to other cleanup programs pre-
serves Superfund monies for the Nation's most
pressing hazardous waste problems where no
other cleanup authority is applicable.
Can the EPA make parties
responsible for the contamination
pay?
Yes. Based on the belief that "the polluters
should pay," after a site is placed on the NPL,
the EPA makes a thorough effort to identify
and find those responsible for causing con-
tamination problems at a site. Although the
EPA is willing to negotiate with these private
parties and encourages voluntary cleanup, it
has the authority under the Superfund law to
legally force those potentially responsible for
site hazards to take specific cleanup actions.
All work performed by these parties is closely
guided and monitored by the EPA and must
meet the same standards required for actions
financed through the Superfund.
Because these enforcement actions can be
lengthy, the EPA may decide to use Superfund
monies to make sure a site is cleaned up
without unnecessary delay. For example, if a
site presents an imminent threat to public
health and the environment or if conditions at a
site may worsen, it could be necessary to start
the cleanup right away. Those responsible for
causing site contamination are liable under the
law (CERCLA) for repaying the money the
EPA spends in cleaning up the site.
Whenever possible, the EPA and the Depart-
ment of Justice use their legal enforcement
authorities to require responsible parties to pay
for site cleanups, thereby preserving Superfund
resources for emergency actions and for sites
where no responsible parties can be identified.
11
-------
THE VOLUME
The site fact sheets presented in this
book are comprehensive summaries
that cover a broad range of information.
The fact sheets describe hazardous
waste sites on the NPL and their locations, as
well as the conditions leading to their listing
("Site Description"). The summaries list the
types of contaminants that have been discov-
ered and related threats to public and ecologi-
cal health ("Threats and Contaminants").
"Cleanup Approach" presents an overview of
the cleanup activities completed, underway, or
planned. The fact sheets conclude with a brief
synopsis of how much progress has been made
in protecting public health and the environ-
ment. The summaries also pinpoint other
actions, such as legal efforts to involve pollut-
ers responsible for site contamination and
community concerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
HOW CAN YOU USE THIS STATE
BOOK?
You can use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you, particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
How to Use
the State
Book
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to
know what the community can realistically
expect once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
13
-------
THE VOLUME
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Dates when the site was
Proposed, made Final, and
Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially respon-
sible parties that are taking
responsibility for cleanup
actions at the site.
SITE NAME
STATE
EPA ID* ABCOOOOOOO
^Sttetescription
EPA REGION XX
CONGRESSIONAL DIST XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Other Names:
Site Responsibility: •
NPL Listing History
Proposed:
Flmb
hreats and Contaminants
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Site Facts:,
Environmental Progress
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
A summary of the actions to reduce the threats to
nearby residents and the surrounding environment;
progress towards cleaning up the site and goals of
the cleanup plan are given here.
14
-------
THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
15
-------
THE VOLUME
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats and
Contaminants Section
Contaminated Groundwater resources
in the Contaminated Groundwater in
the vicinity or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used as a
drinking water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site. (These
include lakes, ponds, streams, and
rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas emis-
sions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on or
near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on the
site.)
Threatened or contaminated Environ-
mentally Sensitive Areas in the vicin-
ity of the site. (Examples include
wetlands and coastal areas or critical
habitats.)
Icons in the Response Action
Status Section
Initial Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine the
nature and extent of contamination are
planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part of
the site.
Remedy Design means that engineers
are preparing specifications and
drawings for the selected cleanup
technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved for
the contaminated site or part of the
site.
Environmental Progress summa-
rizes the activities taken to date to
protect human health and to clean
up site contamination.
16
-------
NPL SITES
The Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is located in EPA Region 3, which is comprised of five
mid-atlantic states and the District of Columbia. The state covers 45,308 square miles and
consists of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain in the southeastern corner, the Allegheny Mountains
running from southwest to northweast, and the Lake Erie lowlands in the northwest. Ranked
fifth in U.S, populations, according to the 1990 Census, Pennsylvania experienced a 1% increase
in population betwen 1980 and 1990, and currently has approximately 11,882,000 residents.
Principal state industries include steel, travel, health, apparel, machinery, food and agriculture,
and the manufacture of primary metals, foods, fabricated metal products, non-electrical machin-
ery and electrical machinery.
How Many NPL Sites Are in Pennsylvania?
Proposed
Final
Deleted
0
95
A
101
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
What Type of Sites Are on the
NPL in Pennsylvania?
Where Are the NPL Sites Located?
Districts 1, 14, 17
District 3,7, 20
Districts 4, 23, 24
District 9,21
District 11
District 16
Districts 8,13, 15
District 10, 19
District 6
District 5
# of sites type of sites
28 Municipal & Industrial Landfills
13 Disposal Facilities
9 Metals & Allied Products
8 Electronics & Electrical Equipment
7 Recyclers
5 Storage Facilities
4 Federal Facilities
18 Other Manufacturers (Electroplating, construction
rubber & plastics, chemicals & allied products,
lumber & wood products, petroleum)
Other (Dry-cleaners, rail yard, natural gas well,
automotive, spill, unspecified).
_
1 site
2 sites
3 sites
4 sites
5 sites
6 sites
7 sites
9 sites
10 sites
15 sites
April 1991
-------
NPL SITES
How Are Sites Contaminated and What Are the Principal* Chemicals?
100-
80
« 60
'M
2«+
20-
GW Soil SW Sad Liquid Air
& Solid
Waste
Contamination Area
Groundwater: Heavy metals
(inorganics) and volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs).
Soil, Solid and Liquid Waste:
Heavy metals (inorganics), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
creosotes (organics).
Surface Water and Sediments:
Heavy metals (inorganics), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), polychlo-
rinated biphenyls (PCBs), and creosotes
(organics).
Air: Heavy metals (inorganics), vola-
tile organic compounds (VOCs), and
gases.
*Appear at 20% or more sites.
Where Are the Sites in the Superfund Cleanup Process?*
61
Sites
with I
Studies
Underway
9
Sites
with
Remedy
Selected
11
Sites
with
Remedy
Design
24
Sites
with
Cleanup
Ongoing
2
Sites
with
Construction
Complete
In addition to the activities described above, initial actions have been taken at 78 sites as interim
cleanup measures.
'Cleanup status reflects phases of site activities rather than administrative accomplishments.
April! 991
18
-------
THE NPL REPORT
The following Progress Report lists all
sites currently on, or deleted from, the
NPL and briefly summarizes the status
of activities for each site at the time this
report was prepared. The steps in the Super-
fund cleanup process are arrayed across the
top of the chart, and each site's progress
through these steps is represented by an arrow
(O*) indicating the current stage of cleanup.
Large and complex sites often are organized
into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to
address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and
surface water pollution, or to clean up differ-
ent areas of a large site. In such cases, the
chart portrays cleanup progress at the site's
most advanced stage, reflecting the status of
site activities rather than administrative
accomplishments.
• An arrow in the "Initial Response" cate-
gory indicates that an emergency cleanup or
initial action has been completed or currently
is underway. Emergency or initial actions are
taken as an interim measure to provide im-
mediate relief from exposure to hazardous site
conditions or to stabilize a site to prevent
further contamination.
• A final arrow in the "Site Studies"
category indicates that an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site currently is ongoing.
• A final arrow in the "Remedy Selection"
category means that the EPA has selected the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining
contamination will be naturally dispersed
without further cleanup activities, a "No
Progress
To Date
Action" remedy is selected. In these cases, the
arrows are discontinued at the "Remedy
Selection" step and resume in the
"Construction Complete" category.
• A final arrow at the "Remedial Design"
stage indicates that engineers currently are
designing the technical specifications for the
selected cleanup remedies and technologies.
• A final arrow in the "Cleanup Ongoing"
column means that final cleanup actions have
been started at the site and currently are
underway.
• A final arrow in the "Construction
Complete" category is used only when all
phases of the site cleanup plan have been
performed, and the EPA has determined that no
additional construction actions are required at
the site. Some sites in this category currently
may be undergoing long-term operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure that the
cleanup actions continue to protect human
health and the environment.
• A check in the "Deleted" category indicates
that the site cleanup has met all human health
and environmental goals and that the EPA has
deleted the site from the NPL.
Further information on the activities and
progress at each site is given in the site "Fact
Sheets" published in this volume.
19
April 1991
-------
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-------
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23
April 1991
-------
THE NPL FACT SHEETS
Summary
of Site
Activities
EPA REGION 3
25
-------
Who Do I Call with Questions?
The following pages describe each NPL site in Pennsylvania, providing
specific information on threats and contaminants, cleanup activities, and
environmental progress. Should you have questions, please call the EPA's
Region 3 Office in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania or one of the other offices
listed below:
EPA Region 3 Superfund Community Relations Office (215) 597-9905
EPA Region 3 Superfund Office (215) 597-8132
EPA Superfund Hotline (800) 424-9346
EPA Headquarters Public Information Center (202) 260-2080
Pennsylvania Superfund Office (717) 783-7816
April 1991 26
-------
A.I.W. FRANK
MID-COUNTY
MUSTANG
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD004351003
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Chester County
Exton
Other Names:
Exton Area Sites
The 16-acre A.I.W. Frank/Mid-County Mustang site was used from 1962 to 1981 to produce
styrofoam cups and plates. In 1981, Continental Refrigerator Corp. acquired the property and
manufactured refrigerators, freezers, and warming cabinets for the institutional and food service
industry. One acre of the site was leased by Mid-County Mustang from 1982 until 1984. The
space leased by Mid-County Mustang had been used since the 1940s for auto repair facilities and
body shops. Solvents used for cleaning engines were discharged into floor drains in the building
and from there into an on-site stone-bed drain field. Various contaminants have been detected in
the floor drain, drain field, and soils. A well on the Mid-County Mustang property also was
found to be contaminated. Approximately 76,700 people obtain drinking water from public and
private wells within 3 miles of the site. More than 900 people live within a mile of the site.
Valley Creek, located within 3 miles of the site, is used for recreational activities and is
threatened by runoff from the site. The area, which was originally farmland, is undergoing rapid
development to become a residential, commercial, and light industrial area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: Q6/16/S8
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found in a well on the Mid-County
Mustang property and at the floor drain and drain field in 1983. Surface water
within 3 miles downstream is used for recreational activities and may be
threatened by runoff flow into Valley Creek. The site is unfenced, making it
possible for people and animals to come into direct contact with hazardous
substances. People also could be exposed to chemicals by drinking contaminated
groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
27
April! 991
-------
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA is assuming responsibility for conducting site investigations
and cleanup. A work plan for the study to determine the nature and extent of site
contamination and options for cleaning it up is under review, and field work is
scheduled to begin in 1991.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were needed at the A.I.W. Frank/Mid-County Mustang site while
studies are being conducted and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
28
A I.W. FRANK/MID-COUNTY MUSTANG
-------
ALADDIN P
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD0675993378
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Lackawana County
Scott Township
Other Names:
Aladdin Electroplating
The Aladdin Plating site covers 8 1/2 acres and was used as a small electroplating operation from
1947 to 1982, when it closed following a fire. The electroplating of nickel, copper, and
chromium was the primary process during the company's operation. Sulfuric acid, chromic acid,
and cyanide were used along with water for rinsing. Rinse water and sludge contaminated with
electroplating materials were deposited in two unlined lagoons that had no diking or diversion
ditches, permitting them to overflow. In the mid-1970s, the owner filled the lagoons with din.
Vats containing process chemicals remained on site after a 1982 fire. Two surface water intakes
along Leggetts Creek, the Griffin Creek intake, and Providence Reservoir intake, are
approximately 1/2 mile and 2 miles, respectively, downstream of the site. The site is located in a
residential community with about 120 people living within 1/4 mile of the site. An estimated
11,000 people obtain drinking water within 3 miles of the site. Four residences are located
within 100 yards of the site.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals from electroplating process wastes.
Also, analyses conducted by the State in 1983 detected heavy metals including
chromium, lead, and cyanide in the soil at several locations near the building and the
two lagoons. Presence of groundwater contaminants potentially threaten local water
supplies and those who drink the contaminated water. Direct contact with
contaminated soil and inhalation of hazardous materials that enter the air pose
potential threats to the health of people on or near the site.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focussing on soil and groundwater treatment.
29
ApriM991
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: EPA emergency personnel stabilized the site by packing drums in
new protective containers and emptying the vats. Two drums of cyanide were removed.
The building was demolished and decontaminated. All decontaminated debris and vats
were sent off site. Contaminated building debris was transported to an EPA-approved facility.
Fencing was installed to secure the site. Monitoring wells were drilled, and the EPA performed
residential well sampling and soil sampling.
Soil: Selected cleanup technologies for the soil include: (1) excavation and off-site
stabilization of approximately 27,000 cubic yards of chromium-contaminated soil; (2)
disposal of the treated soil in an off-site landfill; and (3) replacement of the excavated soil
with clean fill. These actions began in 1988 and are expected to be completed in 1991.
Groundwater: The EPA is planning to conduct a site investigation starting in 1991 to
determine the extent of groundwater contamination and to select cleanup technologies.
Selection of the cleanup technique is planned for 1993 with groundwater cleanup actions
scheduled to begin in 1994, following the completion of the remedy design.
Site Facts: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADER) cited the panics
potentially responsible for the site contamination for violating the Clean Streams Law in 1974. The
PADER also cited the potentially responsible parties for treating industrial wastes without a permit.
The public has expressed concern over the length of the cleanup process and the potential spread of
contamination by groundwater runoff.
Environmental Progress
Overpacking drums, emptying vats, decontaminating and removing debris, removing contaminated
soil, and fencing the site have significantly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the
Aladdin Plating site while further investigations and final cleanup activities are taking place.
April1991 30 ALADDIN PLATING
-------
AMBLER
ASBESTOS
PILES
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD000436436
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Montgomery County
Borough of Ambler
Other Names:
Nicolet Corporation
CertainTeed Corporation
The 15-acre Ambler Asbestos Piles site is made up of three asbestos waste piles in a residential area.
The site was purchased in 1962 and divided by Nicolet Corporation and CertainTeed Corporation,
both manufacturers of asbestos products. The previous owner, Keasbey & Mattison Company, also
manufactured asbestos products and began dumping waste in 1867. Nicolet pumped wastewater
containing asbestos from settling ponds into diked channel areas, creating wet asbestos piles that
gradually dried as new diked areas. CertainTeed dumped broken wallboard and asbestos pipe
products, which periodically were further broken by compacting tractors. The total volume of
asbestos-contaminated waste in the piles is estimated to exceed 1 1/2 million cubic yards. In 1971
and 1972, Nicolet and CertainTeed applied for permits to continue the operation of their sites. The
State denied the applications in 1974 and ordered both companies to stop dumping and to stabilize
and cover the piles. The EPA found asbestos in the soil and on equipment in the Locust Street
playground, which is beside the site. Approximately 6,000 people live within 1/2 mile of the site.
The nearest residence is within 200 feet of one of the piles; about 40 residences are located within
1/4 mile. Wissahickon Creek and its flood plain border the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The air, groundwater, soil, sediments, and surface water are contaminated with asbestos.
Asbestos found in the soil and on the equipment in the adjacent playground poses a threat
through direct contact, inhalation, and accidental ingestion of fibers.
31
April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and asbestos cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: CertainTeed Corporation contained their asbestos pile with a
vegetated soil cover in 1977. The Nicolet Corporation decontaminated the playground
equipment and closed the playground in 1984. The site was partially fenced, and the
asbestos piles were covered by the Nicolet Corporation and the EPA. The erosion gullies were
repaired and reseeded and the problem drainage areas were regraded. These containment activities
greatly reduced the short-term threats of asbestos migrating off site. Also, the EPA installed
additional fencing in 1989 to restrict access to the site and to limit the potential for residents to come
into contact with contaminated areas.
Entire Site: The remedies selected by the EPA for this phase of site cleanup include
placing a special cover on each of the asbestos piles to prevent the release of fibers then
placing clean soil in the existing lagoon and settling basins. In addition, water from the
lagoon and the settling basins will be pumped out, filtered for asbestos, and discharged on site. The
piles will be graded to allow proper drainage. Sediments from the lagoon will be covered with
clean, compacted soil. Fencing, locking gates, and surface water management and erosion control
measures will be installed around the site. Other measures will be taken to prevent the erosion of the
asbestos pile where it adjoins the Wissahickon Creek and Stuart Farm Creek banks. The parties
potentially responsible for the site contamination began these activities in 1991 and are scheduled to
compete the design work in 1992.
Asbestos: Based on the investigation conducted by the parties potentially responsible
for site contamination, the EPA selected a remedy in 1989. The remedy consists of:
regrading the pile plateau; reinforcing the soil cover; installing erosion and sedimentation
control devices; performing a verification study to determine the source of inorganics in Stuart Farm
Creek; installing or upgrading the fencing/locking gates; posting warning signs; and air monitoring.
The design work for this remedy began in 1990 and is expected to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA entered into a Consent Order with CertainTeed Company to conduct
field sampling of one of the asbestos piles it owns. Also, the EPA settled with Nicolet Corporation
for implementation of the site cleanup plan.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions, including fencing the site, removing asbestos piles, decontaminating and
closing the adjacent playground, and covering the contaminated soil with a vegetative soil cover
have reduced the potential for exposure to asbestos from the Ambler Asbestos Piles site for nearby
residents while final cleanup activities are designed.
ApriM991 32 AMBLER ASBESTOS PILES
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AMP, INC.
(GLEN ROCK
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD041421223
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
York County
Susquehanna Road in Glen Rock
The Amp, Inc. (Glen Rock Facility) is a 20-acre site located in a rural area outside of Glen Rock.
The facility is the plastics division of Amp, Inc., which manufactures injection-molded plastics
and polyester. The materials development lab uses contact adhesives and lubricants. The facility
has a permit for managing hazardous wastes under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). In 1984, employees' complaints about the taste of their water led to testing. Three
wells located on the site were tested, and the owners were notified of the contamination. Well
water serving an apartment complex also was tested, and the owner was notified of possible
exposure to contaminants in the groundwater. Amp, Inc. is working to prevent contaminants
from migrating off the property, and solvents are being removed from nearby wells.
Approximately 4,700 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. A trailer park and apartment
complex are nearby. Larkin Pond, a wetland located next to the site, is used for recreational
activities and drains into a tributary of Seaks Run.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Analysis of the groundwater, soil, and surface water from 1984 through 1990
revealed contamination with trichloroethane and trichloroethylene from
manufacturing wastes. People who accidentally ingest or come into direct contact
with contaminated groundwater, soil, or surface water may be at risk. The site is
adjacent to a wetland, which could be subject to contamination from runoff from
the site.
33
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach:
The site is being addresed in two stages: initial actions and single long-term remedial phase directed
at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Amp, Inc. currently is pumping and treating contaminated groundwater
by utilizing six recovery wells and two air stripping towers to prevent the contaminants
from migrating off site. The monitoring wells are analyzed quarterly. A third air stripping
tower will be used to treat water as a backup drinking water source for the neighboring trailer park.
Entire Site: Amp, Inc. has completed a study, under the RCRA program, determining
the nature and extent of contamination at the site and recommending alternatives for site
cleanup. The EPA and Amp, Inc. have agreed on one corrective measure. Amp, Inc. will
install a bedrock flushing infiltration trench to flush contaminants through the bedrock and into the
groundwater pumping wells and air stripping towers. Cleanup is scheduled to begin in late 1991. A
site study under the Superfund program will be undertaken after the cleanup action required by the
RCRA program is completed.
Site Facts: In 1991, a RCRA order was issued to Amp, Inc. that formally obligated the company to
take corrective measures with regard to the groundwater pump and treatment system.
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system currently in operation at the Amp, Inc. (Glen Rock Facility) site is
restricting the spread of contamination and has greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials while the selection of a cleanup remedy is being finalized. Active
monitoring wells ensure that contamination continues to be localized in the site area while the
final cleanup remedies are undertaken.
April 1991 34 AMP, INC. (GLEN ROCK FACILITY)
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AVCO LYCO
(WILLIAMSP
DIVISION)
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD003053709
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17
Lycoming County
Williamsport
Site Description
The 28-acre Avco Lycoming (Williamsport Division) site has produced aircraft engines for over
50 years. The plant operates a still to reclaim Varsol, a petroleum solvent, and has operated a
waste treatment facility since the early 1950s. According to the State, past poor housekeeping
practices apparently have contaminated the site. A municipal well field located 3,000 feet to the
southwest of the site is used as a backup water supply under drought conditions. This water
system is treated with air stripping. There are approximately 34,000 people living within 3 miles
of the site. Private wells within 3 miles of the site serve 2,500 people. The site is located near
pristine stream environments, including a trout stream.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 02/12/90
Threats and Contaminants
Monitoring wells on the site, off-site downgradient wells and a well field 3,000
feet southwest of the site are contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). The
backup water supply system used in emergency situations is protected by air
stripping treatment. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater are at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
35
Apri1991
-------
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Currently, groundwater on and off the site is being pumped and
treated to remove contaminants.
Entire Site: Avco Lycoming, under EPA monitoring, has investigated the nature and
extent of contamination at the site. This investigation defined the contaminants and
recommended alternatives for the final cleanup. The proposed plan, issued in 1991,
includes additional cleanup of groundwater on and off the site. A decision will be made later in
1991, after public review of the plan.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State and Avco signed a Consent Order involving monitoring of
groundwater and cleanup of on-site groundwater.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treating of groundwater described above has reduced the potential for exposure
to hazardous substances at the Avco Lycoming (Williamsport Division) site while investigations
and studies are initiated.
April 1991 36 AVCO LYCOMING
(WILLIAMSPORT DIVISION)
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BALLY GROU
CONTAMINAT
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID#PAD061105128
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Berks County
Bally
The Bally Ground Water Contamination site consists of an area of groundwater contamination in
and around the Bally Municipal Well #3. In 1982, the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources discovered organic solvent contamination in this well; the well was
taken out of service shortly thereafter. Presently, water is being pumped from the well and
treated by an air stripping system to remove volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) before it is
discharged to the municipal water supply system and into the West Branch of the Perkiomen
Creek. The probable source of the contamination is thought to be a company that manufactures
urethane-insulated panels for refrigerating units and is located approximately 1,000 feet from the
well. The company used lagoons on its property to dispose of plant waste from at least 1960 to
1965. By 1966, the three lagoons were backfilled and used for vehicle parking. Approximately
6,400 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The closest residence is within 1/4 mile of
the manufacturing facility. About 5,100 people depend on wells for drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs, as is the surface water and
off-site groundwater. Potential health risks exist through direct contact with or
drinking of contaminated groundwater or surface water. Currently, contamination
levels in active public water supply wells do not pose any danger; however,
private well contamination does pose a risk. Surface soil contamination that
could pose a public health hazard has been either covered or is secured by a fence.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on groundwater treatment.
37
April 1991
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Well #1 at the Bally well field has been taken out of service in
an attempt to limit severe contamination to Well #3. An air stripping unit has been
installed to treat the water supply provided by Well #3. The public water supply now
meets acceptable EPA standards.
Groundwater: Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. completed a study of the extent of
contamination and alternative technologies for cleanup in 1989. The remedy selected
includes pumping and treating the groundwater using an air stripper. Design of the
selected cleanup plan is expected to begin in 1991 and be completed in 1992, after which the
selected cleanup activities will begin.
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA entered into a Consent Order with Bally Engineered Structures,
Inc., to conduct a study on the type and extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
By treating the public drinking water, nearby residents of the Bally Ground Water Contamination
site are protected from hazardous chemicals while the potentially responsible parties plan
cleanup activities.
ApnM991
38
BALLY GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
-------
BELL LANDFILL-
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980705107
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Bradford County
Wyalusing
Other Names:
Terry Township Fill
Site Description
Bell Landfill covers 33 acres in Terry Township. Prior to 1970, the privately owned and
operated site served primarily as an open dump for municipal trash. In 1978, the State licensed
the landfill to accept ferric hydroxide sludge in an asphalt-lined portion of the fill. From 1979 to
1981, 8,225 tons of sludge were disposed of at the site. After identifying numerous permit
violations related to leachate collection and the material used to cover the filled material, the
State closed the landfill in 1982. The former owner's estate had the disposal areas partially
covered with soil and installed two leachate collection tanks. However, the EPA does not
believe these actions were performed satisfactorily. In 1984, the EPA detected contaminants in a
private well near the site. Approximately 800 people live within 3 miles of the site and use
private wells for drinking water. About 100 people live within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
IV
The groundwater is contaminated with barium from the former disposal activities.
Leachate is contaminated with high levels of organic pollutants, including
aromatics, ketones, and phthalates and heavy metals including barium, cadmium,
lead, and zinc. An on-site pond is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and
heavy metals. Leachate has seeped from the landfill into an unnamed tributary of
Sugar Run, which is used for recreation and is protected by the State for cold
water fishing. Contaminants were found in an on-site pond used for watering
farm animals. People who walk on the unfenced site and come into direct contact
with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater, surface water, or leachate
may be at risk.
39
April 1991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for contamination at the site is
investigating the nature and extent of contamination under EPA monitoring. This
investigation, which began in 1991 and is planned for completion in 1992, will
recommend alternatives for the cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that the Bell Landfill site does not pose an immediate threat to public health or the environment.
Studies leading to the selection of a final cleanup remedy currently are taking place.
April 1991
40
BELL LANDFILL
-------
BENDIX FLIGHT
SYSTEMS DIVI
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD003047974
EPA REGION 3
NGRESSIONALDIST. 10
Susquehanna County
Bridgewater Township
Other Names:
Allied Corporation
Site Description
The Bendix Flight Systems Division site encompasses 60 acres and is an active manufacturing
facility for aircraft instruments. The Bendix Corporation bought the parcels that formed the site
in 1951 and 1952. Bendix was purchased by Allied Corporation in 1983. From 1952 until 1958,
industrial solvent wastes were disposed of in a lagoon to the northeast of the plant and also in a
series of trenches east of the plant. In addition, from the 1950s to 1978, an earthen pit was used
for the disposal of water-soluble cutting oil and oil-contaminated water from air compressors.
Liquids were drained from the basin in 1978, and it was backfilled and seeded. Bendix
conducted investigations from 1984 through 1987 that showed contamination of subsurface soils
from past disposal practices. The contaminants have been leaching into the underlying
groundwater. Five areas of contamination have been identified at the site: a trichloroethylene
(TCE) storage tank area, the pit/trench area, an old landfill area, the area of a former solvent
evaporation facility, and a former drum storage area behind the plant building. Approximately
1,400 people living within 3 miles of the site depend on water from private wells. An estimated
500 people live in the town of South Montrose. The town is dependent on the groundwater for
its drinking water supply, and 19 residential wells have been found to be contaminated. Surface
water runoff from the site flows into waste water treatment ponds that drain into a nearby
wetland.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible panics' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including vinyl chloride and carbon
tetrachloride from former process wastes have been identified in the groundwater.
Low levels of VOCs including benzene and toluene have also been detected in
off-site private wells. VOCs, especially TCE and tetrachloroethene, have been
identified in soils. Surface water also contains TCE, benzene, and chloroform.
The groundwater can pose a threat to the health of people who come in direct
contact with or consume it. The nearby wetlands are at risk from contaminated
runoff from the site.
41
April 991
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Bendix has drained the freestanding liquid from the basin. Bendix
also supplied carbon filters to affected well users and samples these on a quarterly
basis. Contaminated groundwater is not being used as a source of drinking water.
Entire Site: The following remedies have been selected and are detailed in the
EPA's 1988 final decision: vacuum extraction of contaminants from the soil and soil
aeration, pumping and treatment of deep groundwater with carbon filtration, capture
and collection of shallow groundwater by an interception trench, followed by treatment with
carbon filtration and treatment of off-site groundwater through carbon adsorption. Design of the
cleanup project began in 1990 and is scheduled to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources and Bendix negotiated
a Consent Order and Agreement to determine the nature and extent of contamination and to
identify alternatives for cleanup. The EPA and Allied negotiated an additional Consent Decree,
effective July 13,1990, for design and construction of the remedy.
Environmental Progress
By providing and maintaining water filtration systems for affected residences, regularly sampling
affected wells and removing the source of contamination at the site, the potential for exposure to
contaminated drinking water has been removed while cleanup activities at the Bendix Flight
Systems site are being designed and implemented.
April 1991 42 BENDIX FLIGHT SYSTEMS DIVISION
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BERKLEY PR
CO. DUMP
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980538649
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Lancaster County
Denver
Other Names:
Schoeneck Landfill
From the 1930s until 1965, the 2-acre Berkley Products site accepted municipal wastes, which
were burned or buried at the facility. The operation was privately owned. In 1965, Lipton Paint
and Varnish Co., a subsidiary of Berkley Products Co., bought the site and used it to bury
municipal waste mixed with organic solvents, paint wastes, resins, and pigment sludges. When
operations ceased in 1970, the site was seeded and sold. The contamination affects the
groundwater, a major drinking water supply. There are 25 homes bordering the site. Cocalico
Creek, which is about 2 miles downstream of the site, serves an estimated 2,000 people. The
community around the site is primarily rural.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Heavy metals including barium, lead, and mercury, and plastic production wastes
including phthalates have been found in groundwater, soils, and in leachates
migrating off site. People may be at risk through direct contact with contaminated
leachate seeps. Because the groundwater also is contaminated, drinking water
could be affected.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed through a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
43
April 1991
-------
Response Action Status
Entire Site: When operations on the site stopped in 1970, the Berkley Products site
was covered and seeded. These actions limited the potential for direct contact with
wastes on the site. A study of the nature and extent of site contamination was started
in 1990. The study is expected to be completed in 1991, at which time the EPA will select a
final cleanup remedy.
Environmental Progress
By covering the site and seeding it with vegetative cover, the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials has been reduced at the Berkley Products site while studies leading to final cleanup
actions are ongoing.
April 1991
44
BERKLEY PRODUCTS CO. DUMP
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BERKS LAN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD000651810
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Berks County
Sinking Springs
Other Names:
Stabatrol Berks County Landfill
The Berks Landfill consists of an eastern 43-acre, and a western 17-acre landfill, both of which
are unlined. The Berks Landfill has been in operation since the 1950s. Starting in 1979,
Stabatrol Corporation operated the western landfill, disposing of stabilized alkali sludges under a
State permit. In 1975, the landfill was granted a permit to discharge treated leachate from its
leachate collection system into an adjacent stream. Also in 1975, the eastern landfill was granted
a solid waste permit to accept municipal refuse and demolition refuse. The State halted the
discharges in 1979 because of violations of water quality standards. In 1980, the State
suspended its approval for Stabatrol to stabilize sludges due to inadequate storage methods,
ceasing all operations at the western landfill. A new owner acquired the site in 1984. A current
leachate collection system discharges into three lined surface impoundments. A fourth unlined
surface impoundment collects stormwater. The leachate and stormwater are pumped to the local
wastewater treatment facility. In 1985, the EPA and the State discovered contamination of a
private well and the monitoring wells on the site. About 23,500 residents use private and public
wells within 3 miles of the site for drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including vinyl chloride and benzene, and with manganese, a heavy metal,
according to sampling of an on-site monitoring well and a private well near the
site. Lead has been identified in the leachate and in on-site soils. Before the site
was fenced, contaminants in the lagoons posed a threat to site trespassers.
Ingestion of contaminated groundwater poses a threat if wells become
contaminated. A nearby stream may be threatened by contaminants; it formerly
received leachate from the site.
45
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: As an immediate action, the potentially responsible parties,
under an EPA order, erected a fence around the eastern landfill, are constructing clay
caps over several areas to prevent further contamination, and are installing a pumping
and treatment system for the on-site lagoons. Leachate and rainwater collecting in the lagoons
currently are being pumped into the sewer to prevent overflows. The clay cap and treatment
system are scheduled for completion in 1991.
Entire Site: In 1986, the potentially responsible parties and the State conducted a
preliminary site investigation, which identified VOC contamination in on-site
groundwater. The EPA will investigate the nature and extent of the contamination at
the site, and the study is scheduled to begin in 1991. The investigation also will recommend
alternatives for cleanup. Once the site investigation has been completed, the EPA will evaluate
the findings and recommendations to select the final cleanup remedies for the contamination at
the Berks Landfill site.
Site Facts: The current site owner and the State entered into a Consent Order in 1986 to study
the contamination of the groundwater and to close the landfill. In 1990, the EPA issued a
Unilateral Order to 12 potentially responsible parties to conduct immediate actions at the site.
Environmental Progress
After listing the Berks Landfill site on the NPL, the EPA evaluated site conditions and
determined that the selected immediate actions will eliminate the imminent threats to the public
health or the environment. Meanwhile, investigations into the most effective cleanup methods
are being conducted.
April 1991 46 BERKS LANDFILL
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BERKS
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980691794
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Berks County
15 miles northeast of Reading,
near the Village of Huffs Church
Other Names:
Van Elswyck Property
The Berks Sand Pit site covers 4 acres in Longswamp Township. The privately owned sand pit
was used for the disposal of refuse before it was filled in and regraded. The source of
contamination has not yet been determined. Houses and private wells were constructed at the
site in 1978. Nearby residential wells are contaminated and in 1983, the EPA installed an
upgradient drinking water well as an alternate water source for residents. Longswamp Township
has a population of approximately 4,600. There are approximately 30 single-family homes on or
adjacent to the site. Perkiomen Creek tributaries are located to the east and west of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Residential and monitoring wells drawing on the groundwater are contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A tributary of Perkiomen Creek also is
contaminated with VOCs. Area residents are at risk from drinking contaminated
groundwater; however, an alternative water source provided to four residences
has limited this exposure. Contaminated groundwater is discharging into the
headwaters of the Middle Branch of Perkiomen Creek.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater.
47
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA installed a holding tank and water line to
four residences. The homeowners are now maintaining the system. The EPA also
excavated the waste disposal area and disposed of one drum of contaminated water.
The area was filled in with clean soil.
Groundwater: The EPA plans to clean up the groundwater by extracting it and then
treating it by air stripping. The contaminants removed by the air stream are further
treated before releasing the air into the atmosphere. In 1990, the EPA began
constructing the groundwater extraction wells. The wells are expected to be completed in 1991.
Design of the water treatment plant was begun in 1990. The plant design is expected to be
completed in 1991. The plume of contaminated groundwater has migrated past the residential
area, but drinking water has remained within safe levels.
Site Facts: The State and the EPA signed a Cooperative Agreement to study the nature and
extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The EPA supplied an alternate drinking water supply to area residents and excavated and filled
in the waste disposal area with clean soil, which eliminated the imminent threat posed by the
contamination while final cleanup activities are underway at the Berks Sand Pit site.
April 1991 48 BERKS SAND PIT
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BLOSENSKI
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980539985
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Chester County
West Cain Township
Site Description
The Blosenski Landfill, now inactive, covers approximately 8 acres of this 13 1/2-acre site in
West Cain Township. It is bordered by heavily wooded and agricultural areas and new housing.
The site operated as a landfill for the disposal of municipal and industrial wastes from the 1940s
to the 1970s. Solvents, paints, leaking drums, and tank truck contents were dumped randomly
into the unlined landfill. The landfill was ordered to cease operation by the Chester County
Health Department in 1971. In response to citizen concerns, regulatory actions were taken
against the facility. Approximately 30 residents live within 1/4 mile of the site, and about 470
residents live within a mile. Groundwater within a 3-mile radius of the site is used as a drinking
water source by approximately 600 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including benzene, vinyl chloride, and chloroform from former disposal practices.
These compounds, as well as heavy metals such as mercury and arsenic, also were
detected in monitoring and residential wells on and surrounding the site. VOCs,
polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals have been detected in soils
on site. VOCs and heavy metals have been detected in a tributary that receives
runoff from the Blosenski Landfill. Potential risks may exist through direct
contact with contaminated soils and through accidental ingestion of contaminated
groundwater or soil. Recreational use of a tributary of Indian Spring Run, located
approximately 500 feet north of the property, or of Indian Spring Run itself, may
result in exposure to contaminants in surface water and sediments. The landfill
also may pose a potential hazard because wastes with organic content may
generate methane, which has the potential to explode if it accumulates in the
landfill.
49
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982,50 to 60 drums and a leaking tank truck were removed
from the site by the EPA. A temporary alternate water supply was provided to two
residences by the EPA, and a permanent alternate water supply servicing
approximately 70 residents was completed in 1989.
Entire Site: The EPA will complete the cleanup of the site in the following four
phases: (1) a permanent alternate water supply will be provided to approximately 75
residences; (2) approximately 800 buried drums, any materials within the drums, and
freestanding liquids will be excavated and disposed of in an EPA-approved facility; (3) a pre-
design study will be performed and will include further sampling of residential wells and surface
water, the installation of additional monitoring wells, and, based on study results, pump testing
for groundwater contaminants; and (4) installation of a cap on the landfill, construction of a
surface water diversion system, and, if needed, construction of a gas venting system to protect
the cover. Periodic monitoring of groundwater and soil also will take place. In 1990, the
installation of the alternate water supply was completed, as was the design of the drum removal.
Site Facts: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has signed four Interagency Agreements with
the EPA to address the public water supply and site cleanup. The landfill was ordered to cease
operation by the Chester County Health Department in 1971. The public is concerned over who
will have access to the water line and potential decreases in property value. In 1990, the EPA
ordered the potentially responsible parties to conduct activities designed by the EPA to dispose
of on-site drums.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an emergency alternate drinking water source to the nearby residents and the
removal of contaminated drums have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials
at the Blosenski Landfill site while it awaits further cleanup actions.
April 1991 50 BLOSENSKI LANDFILL
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BOARHEAD
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD047726161
FAR
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Bucks County
Bridgeton Township
Other Names:
Boat-head Corporation
The 113-acre Boarhead Farms site has been operated by Keystone Excavation, a heavy
equipment firm, since 1976. The site was used for horse breeding until 1970, when the Boarhead
Corporation began using the property occasionally to repair equipment and store waste materials
associated with its waste salvaging and hauling business. Little is known about the quantities
and types of waste that may have been deposited on site; however, three documented releases
have occurred on the property, attributed to broken valves on trucks that stopped for repairs or to
discharges by the Boarhead Corporation. Discharges included 2,500 gallons of ferrous chloride
in 1973, and 4,000 gallons of ammonia and 1,000 gallons of sulfuric acid in 1976. After the last
spill, the State of Pennsylvania issued an injunction forbidding any chemicals to be brought onto
the property. Approximately 6,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and obtain drinking
water from public and private wells. Roughly 1/3 of the area is low-lying wetlands. The
Delaware River, which is used for recreational activities, is 3 miles downstream of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
In 1984, the EPA detected volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and heavy metals in
wells and surface waters on the site thought to have been caused by the release of
hazardous materials. Although only sporadic instances of contamination were
found in residential wells, people in the area could be exposed to contaminants by
drinking or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater or surface
water on this partially unfenced site. On-site wetlands could be affected by
contaminants from the groundwater and surface water.
51
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA has begun a study to determine the extent of contamination at
the site and to develop alternatives for site cleanup. As part of this study, a
geophysical survey of the site was conducted in 1991. It revealed numerous magnetic
anomalies underground, which may indicate the presence of buried drums. Therefore, test pits
will be dug as part of the site studies. The study, expected to be completed in 1993, will result in
the selection of the groundwater and surface water cleanup remedies as well as remedies for any
additional contaminated resources identified during the investigation. Site studies were delayed
while historic preservation issues were resolved.
Site Facts: In May 1989, the EPA sent Notice Letters to the parties potentially responsible for
the site contamination, who elected not to perform a study on site contamination. The EPA is
seeking additional information to identify other potentially responsible parties.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations at the Boarhead
Farms site and determined that the site does not currently pose an imminent threat to public
health or the environment while further studies are continued.
April! 991 52 BOARHEAD FARMS
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BRODHEAD
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID#PAD980691760
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Monroe County
Stroudsburg
Other Names:
Union Gas
Site Description
The Brodhead Creek site covers 12 acres and is located near Brodhead and McMichael Creeks in
Stroudsburg. A coal gasification plant that operated from 1888 to 1944 within the site area
disposed of tar in two large unlined lagoons. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a
flood control project after a 1955 hurricane. Brodhead Creek was rechanneled, and a flood
control level was constructed on site. In 1981, coal tar was found to be seeping into the creek,
which is a heavily used trout fishing stream. Approximately 500 people live within a 1-mile
radius of the site. The nearest residence to the site is less than 1/4 mile away. The main street of
Stroudsburg is within 500 feet of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on site is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), and toxic organic chemicals associated with coal tar have contaminated
groundwater. On-site subsurface soil is contaminated with PAHs, arsenic, and
coal tar constituents. Brodhead Creek sediments also are contaminated with
chemicals associated with coal tar. Potential human health risks exist if
contaminated groundwater is accidentally ingested and if direct contact is made
with contaminants.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of free coal tar and soils and cleanup of the bedrock aquifer.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, the EPA took steps to stop the seepage of
contaminants including constructing filter fences and a dam, constructing an
underground slurry wall to contain the wastes, and partial excavation of coal tar-
contaminated soil. The current landowner pumped about 8,000 gallons of coal tar out of the
ground and collected 150 drums of material. The owner and the State installed monitoring wells
to determine the extent of groundwater contamination.
Free Coal Tar and Soils: The EPA made preliminary recommendations for cleanup
alternatives to the Pennsylvania Power & Light Co., which include stabilization of the
stream channel by backfilling, excavating the back channel area to eliminate coal tar,
and pumping of coal tar from the major areas of contamination. In 1991, the EPA agreed to an
interim action to clean up contaminated subsurface soils. The remedy involves innovative
technology to recover coal tar and process water from extraction wells to be installed as part of
the remedy. Reinjection wells also will be installed. Treated water will be discharged to
Brodhead Creek and reinjected into the subsurface soils to enhance coal tar recovery. Recovered
coal tar will be disposed of off site in a permitted incineration facility. Fencing and deed
restrictions will be used to limit access during the cleanup and to limit future use of the site. The
groundwater and Brodhead Creek will continue to be monitored to ensure that the remedy is
effective.
Bedrock Aquifer: In 1991, the potentially responsible party is expected to begin a
study to assess the nature and extent of contamination in the bedrock aquifer. The
study is expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1983, the Government filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania to recover costs incurred by the EPA and the Coast Guard in the
response actions at the Brodhead Creek site. In 1987, Union Gas and the Pennsylvania Power &
Light Co. signed a Consent Order with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources to perform an investigation to determine the extent of contamination and to develop
alternative remedies for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The construction of slurry walls to contain the spread of contamination, the pumping and
removal of coal tar, and the removal of contaminated soil have added significantly to making the
Brodhead Creek site safer while it awaits the implementation of further cleanup actions.
April 1991 54 BRODHEAD CREEK
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BROWN'S
BATTERY
BREAKING
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980831812
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Berks County
Tilden Township near the town
of Shoemakersville
Site Description
The Brown's Battery Breaking site, covering 14 acres, is an abandoned battery recycling facility that
was operated from 1961 to 1971. Three families were living on the site when the State discovered
elevated levels of lead in children living in these residences. Additional investigations by the EPA
found soil and surface water contamination. There is a fence around the primary disposal area;
however, the remainder of the site is not restricted to public access. The landfill is bordered by
Conrail tracks to the west, the Schuylkill River to the southeast, and Mill Creek to the southwest. It
lies within the flood plain of the Schuylkill River. Approximately 220 people live within 1 mile of
the site. There are 1,000 people within 3 miles of the site who depend on groundwater for drinking
water supplies. Two private residential wells are located on site and are used as a drinking water
source. The adjacent Schuylkill River is used as a potable water source, as well as for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with lead from former site operations. Nickel and zinc,
as well as lead, have contaminated the soil. The surface water is contaminated with lead
and nickel. The Schuylkill River is used for recreation and as a municipal water source
and may become contaminated during periods of high rainfall or flooding. People who
come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated surface water,
groundwater, or soil may be at risk.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on relocation of residents and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, the EPA temporarily relocated three families during an
extensive emergency action. Contaminated soil and battery casings were moved to a
containment area and were covered with a low permeable cap. Also, the primary disposal
area was fenced. In 1990, more residents were temporarily relocated. In 1991, a resident was
moved permanently and all personal property was decontaminated under an interagency agreement
with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Residential Relocation: In 1990, the EPA decided to permanently relocate residents
and a business, and began the process under its removal authority. The EPA is planning
activities related to the remaining relocations, which are scheduled to begin in 1991 and be
completed in 1992.
Entire Site: The EPA is conducting an investigation into the extent and nature of soil,
debris, and groundwater contamination and to identify cleanup alternatives at the site. It is
expected to be completed in 1991. When the investigation of site contamination is
completed, design of cleanup remedies will begin, scheduled for 1993.
Environmental Progress
Emergency actions conducted by the EPA, including temporarily relocating affected families during
cleanup activities, removing contaminated soil and battery casings, capping the containment area,
and fencing the site, have eliminated imminent threats to the surroundings at the Brown's Battery
Breaking site while further relocations and investigations are completed by the EPA.
April 1991 56 BROWN'S BATTERY BREAKING
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BRUIN LAGOON
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980712855
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Butler County
South Branch of Bear
Creek Bruin Borough
Other Names:
AH-RS Coal Corporation
Bruin Lagoon covers approximately 4 acres, consisting of a 1-acre open sludge lagoon contained
by a 22-foot earthen dike, a 2-acre closed lagoon, an effluent pond, abandoned storage tanks and
equipment, and an area of contaminated soil on adjacent private property caused by flooding in
1980. The site is an inactive impoundment and storage facility located on the site of a former
petroleum refinery. For 40 years, the site was used to dispose of mineral oil production wastes
and motor oil reclamation wastes. The oil refinery discharged its wastes into several lagoons.
Approximately 35 people live in houses adjacent to the site. An estimated 700 people reside in
the community.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water contain sulfuric acid, heavy metals, and
hydrogen sulfide. The soil on an adjacent private property was contaminated with
hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid in a 1980 flood. Direct contact with or
accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, surface water, or drinking water poses a
potential health risk. The first evidence of site contamination occurred when a
large fish kill in the Allegheny River was reported in 1968. The site is located
within a 100-year flood plain and subject to periodic flooding that may spread
contaminants from the site.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on site stabilization and cleanup of the entire site.
57
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: An investigation to determine the extent of contamination and
the technologies available for cleanup was funded by the EPA in 1981. Freeboard was
added to the lagoon, and the lagoon's overflow was diverted. The lagoon overflow
was stabilized, and the open lagoon was closed. Cleanup work included the demolition and off-
site disposal of abandoned storage tanks, disposal of PCB-contaminated residues, and excavation
of contaminated surface soils. Discovery of hydrogen sulfide gas during the cleanup action
required stopping all cleanup activities at the site to start an immediate emergency action. In
1984, site security and 24-hour communication with the fire chief was started; air monitoring and
groundwater and surface water sampling were initiated; and 13 venting wells were installed.
Well leads were covered, and the bank was stabilized. The work to date has stopped the
migration of sludge below the grade of the lagoon with physical containment.
Site Stabilization: Cleanup work included the removal of the liquid floating on top
of the open lagoon and disposing it off site, containing the remaining wastes on site,
and stabilizing the lagoons and dikes. The EPA completed this phase of cleanup
activities in 1984 and determined that a second investigation was needed to re-evaluate the site
for additional sources of contamination.
Entire Site: The EPA completed a re-investigation of the site in 1986. Continuation
of on-site stabilization of the site wastes, venting of trapped gases in covered areas,
treatment of the shallow bedrock with a lime slurry wall, building a channel to prevent
groundwater from entering the site, and capping of the stabilized sludge still is occurring. The
dike stabilization also will be completed. The Army Corps of Engineers has begun construction
activities, and cleanup is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The numerous immediate actions to stabilize the lagoon, cover the site, and remove
contaminated materials have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to hazardous materials and
have controlled further spreading of contamination at the Bruin Lagoon site while the EPA
completes final cleanup activities.
April 1991 58 BRUIN LAGOON
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BUTLER
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508451
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Luzerne County
Pittston
The Butler Mine Tunnel site was constructed approximately 50 years ago as a collection and
discharge point for acid mine drainage from an estimated 5-square-mile area of underground coal
mines. Hazardous materials were disposed of in the tunnel, which discharges directly to the
Susquehanna River. In 1979, an oily discharge coming from the tunnel created an oil slick, from
bank to bank, on the river. The EPA tracked the contaminants from this initial discharge to a
municipal water intake 60 miles downstream, which is the sole source of drinking water for
approximately 11,700 residents of Danville. The oil contamination was then traced to the illegal
dumping of hazardous chemicals into a 4-inch borehole located 3 1/2 miles from the outlet of the
tunnel. The borehole was found to drain into the Butler Mine system. Approximately 25,000
people live within a 5-mile radius of the site, and approximately 1,400 people live within the
boundaries of the Butler Mine Tunnel site. Also, a number of schools are located within a mile
of the tunnel's discharge point.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
Preliminary on- and off-site groundwater (mine water) and surface water sampling
results have identified contamination from semi-volatile organic compounds and
petroleum hydrocarbons thought to have originated from the mine tunnel. Potential
human risks exist if individuals ingest or come into direct contact with contaminated
surface water and groundwater. Possible risks exist if individuals eat contaminated
fish or livestock. The Susquehanna River is the area's source of drinking water and is
a valuable ecological resource.
59
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1979, in response to the Butler Mine discharge, EPA
emergency personnel installed booms to collect the oily substances on the surface.
The booms continued to operate until 1980, collecting a total of 160,000 gallons of oil,
which contained approximately 13,000 pounds of VOCs. After the booms were removed, an
automated detection system was installed at the tunnel and was operated by the State until 1984,
during which time there was no evidence of any additional discharge from the tunnel. In 1985,
approximately 100,000 gallons of waste oil were released at the Butler Mine Tunnel, following
heavy rains associated with Hurricane Gloria. The EPA once again responded by installing
booms on the river and collecting the contaminated oil. The existing monitoring boreholes again
were sampled, and contaminated vegetation was removed.
Entire Site: In 1987, the potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring,
began an investigation to determine the extent of the contamination and to identify the
alternative technologies available for cleanup. The investigation is scheduled to be
completed in 1992.
Site Facts: The EPA and 17 potentially responsible parties entered into a Consent Order on
March 30, 1987, under which the parties agreed to conduct a study of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
Due to emergency actions taken after discovery of the site contamination and again after
Hurricane Gloria, the EPA has greatly reduced potential hazards at the Butler Mine Tunnel site
while the potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, complete investigations and
start cleanup activities.
April 1991 60 BUTLER MINE TUNNEL
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BUTZ LANO
PENNSYLVANI
EPAID#PAD981034705
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Monroe County
Township Route 601 (RD#5) in Stroudsburg
Other Names:
North Road Site
Site Description
The Butz Landfill site is a 13-acre, privately owned landfill in Stroudsburg that operated from
1963 to 1973. In 1973, the State denied the owner's application for a solid waste disposal
permit. The owner/operator kept no records on the amount or types of wastes dumped at the site,
although the permit application lists garbage, mixed solids, and septic sludge. Analyses in 1979
showed elevated levels of chromium and mercury in drinking water wells. In 1986, the State
identified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the groundwater. A private well located 1,700
feet to the east of the site contained high levels of trichloroethylene (TCE). The EPA confirmed
organic chemical contamination in more than 20 wells downgradient of the site in early 1987.
Later that year, hydrogeologic studies proved the landfill to be the source of the solvents found
in the groundwater. Surface runoff from the site appears to move toward the south. The
surrounding area is rural and residential. Two large recreation areas lie within a mile of the site,
and a childrens' camp is located within 1/2 mile. Surface water is used for recreational activities
within 3 miles downstream of the landfill. Groundwater is the sole drinking source for area
residents. An estimated 6,400 people draw drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of
the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater underlying the site contains VOCs and heavy metals from solvents
and other disposals at the site. Threats to the health of local residents include
drinking, inhaling, or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and provision of an alternate water supply.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1986, EPA emergency staff provided bottled water to 28
locations and installed carbon filter systems at 22 locations. Later that year, 17
groundwater monitoring wells were installed. In 1987, the EPA installed air strippers at
two locations. The final design of the permanent water supply system is underway.
Groundwater: The EPA began an intensive study of groundwater contamination at the
site in early 1990. Scheduled for completion in 1992, the investigation will explore the
nature and extent of pollution and will recommend the best strategies for final cleanup.
Alternate Water Supply: In 1990, the Bureau of Reclamation began design activities
to provide a new water line to homes with VOC-contaminated water. Implementation of
the remedy is expected to begin in 1991 and be completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
By supplying emergency drinking water to the neighboring residences and installing monitoring
wells to measure contaminant levels, the EPA has reduced the potential of exposure to hazardous
materials in the drinking supply while design of a new water supply and investigations leading to
the selection of a permanent remedy are taking place at Butz Landfill.
April 1991
62
BUTZ LANDFILL
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C & D RECYCMN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID#PAD021449244
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Luzerne County
Foster Township
The 45-acre C & D Recycling site operated as an incineration plant from the 1960s to early
1980s. The company incinerated lead- and plastic-cased telephone cables or burned them in pits
to melt off the lead and reclaim the remaining copper wire. Plastic coverings mechanically were
stripped prior to incineration and were stored on site in piles. According to tests conducted by
the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER), high concentrations of lead
and copper are present in the ash piles, soil, burn pit, and drainage pathway areas on the site.
Approximately 6,100 people within 3 miles of the site depend on public and private wells as
their source of drinking water. Private wells are located within 1/2 mile of the site. Some of
these wells have lead readings in excess of acceptable levels. The nearest well is within 1,000
feet of the site. Private residences and a trailer park with approximately 280 people are located
within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
Heavy metals including lead and copper have been found in on- and off-site soils,
sediments, surface water and groundwater, but have not been linked to the site.
Potential risks exist if people accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated soil, sediment, groundwater, or surface water.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
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April!991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the potentially responsible parties excavated 68 tons
of lead-containing material from the open burn pit areas, under the supervision of the
PADER. In 1987, the parties constructed a fence and took measures to control soil
erosion. The waste on site is now stabilized, and the site is secured.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, initiated an
investigation to determine the extent of the contamination and to identify alternative
technologies available for the cleanup. On-site monitoring wells were installed. The
investigation and study is scheduled to be completed by 1991. The EPA will review the findings
of the site study and will select a final cleanup remedy for site contamination. Preliminary
findings of the study do not substantiate that heavy metal contamination has migrated from on-
site soils to the groundwater and into residential wells. Leaching plumbing is being considered
as a potential source of contamination for the residential wells.
Site Facts: The EPA negotiated two Consent Orders with the potentially responsible parties,
one to conduct a study to determine the extent of contamination, and a second that enforced an
immediate site response that restricted access to the site and limited the migration of
contaminants off site.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a fence, controlling soil erosion, and removing lead-containing materials, the
potentially responsible parties at the C & D Recycling site have reduced the potential for
accidental exposure to contamination while investigations leading to cleanup activities are
completed.
April 1991 64 C & D RECYCLING
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CENTRE CO
KEPONE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD000436261
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 23
Centre County
State College Borough
Other Names:
Ruetgers Nease Chemical
Company
Nease Chemical
Site Description
The 32-acre Centre County Kepone site is an active chemical manufacturing plant that
manufactured kepone in 1958,1959, and 1963 and mirex in 1973 and 1974. Process wastes
originally were disposed of on site in a spray irrigation field, a concrete lagoon, and two other
earthen lagoons. Process wastes also were stored in drums on site. After the concrete lagoon
was found to leak, the material in the lagoon was treated to harden it. The concrete then was
disposed of in the two earthen lagoons and capped. However, the material failed to harden
properly, and hazardous materials leached into the groundwater and surface water. Spring Creek
is located adjacent to the site and has been placed off-limits for fishing as a result of high levels
of kepone in fish. Approximately 2,100 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. The
closest residence is less than 1/4 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been detected in on- and off-
site groundwater and surface water. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
have been detected in on-site sediments and soils, and petrochemicals have been
detected in off-site drainage ditch sediment. Threats to human health include
accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated surface water, soil,
groundwater, and sediment or eating contaminated fish.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination
excavated and removed the contaminated material from the lagoons, removed the
drums, excavated the topsoil of the drum storage area, and disposed of the waste
material in a landfill. The parties also started a groundwater treatment program.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA supervision, initiated a study in
1989 to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site and to identify
alternative technologies to clean up the site. Once the study is completed, the EPA
will evaluate the results of the investigation and select the final technology and
cleanup activities for the site. Field work began in 1990. The study is expected to be completed
in 1992.
Site Facts: Ruetgers-Nease, a potentially responsible party, signed a Consent Order to study
the site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The removal and disposal of waste materials described above has eliminated imminent threats at
the Centre County Kepone site, and the groundwater treatment program has reduced the threat of
more widespread groundwater contamination while further studies are evaluated and cleanup
activities are started.
April 1991 66 CENTRE COUNTY KEPONE
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COMMODOR
SEMICONDU
GROUP
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD093730174
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
Norristown
Other Names:
Commodore Business Machines
The 10-acre Commodore Semiconductor Group site is an active computer chip manufacturing
facility. Waste solvents were stored in an underground concrete storage tank on site until 1974,
when it was taken out of service. A second steel tank was installed in 1974, and a leak occurred
in 1979. Inspections conducted by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
indicated that both tanks have leaked. Approximately 15,900 people live within a 3-mile radius
of the site and an Audubon Nature Reserve is located 2 miles from the site. Two public water
supply wells, which served 6,300 people, were taken out of service in 1979 due to
contamination. Within 3 miles of the site, approximately 800,000 people draw drinking water
from wells in the contaminated aquifer.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
On- and off-site groundwater is contaminated with high levels of
trichloroethylene (TCE) and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the
waste solvents that leaked from the underground storage tanks. TCE was also
found in on-site soils. Accidental ingestion, direct contact, or inhalation of
contaminated soils or groundwater on the site may pose health risks.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Commodore excavated soils and pumped water from a
contaminated well, then sprayed it onto surrounding fields. The volatile solvents
dissipated into the air. Since 1984, an air stripper has been in use to remove solvents
from the groundwater. Two public water supply wells were taken out of service. Presently, air
strippers have been installed on all affected public wells through agreements between
Commodore and the local water authority.
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination are conducting a study to determine the extent of contamination at the
site and to identify alternative technologies available for the site cleanup. The results
of the study are expected in 1991, at which time the EPA will select the cleanup remedies for the
site.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent was signed in June 1988, in which
Commodore agreed to study the extent of contamination and to identify alternative technologies
for the cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The numerous immediate actions performed by the potentially responsible panics, including
excavating contaminated soil and treating contaminated water from wells, have made the
Commodore Semiconductor Group site safer while investigations take place.
April 1991 68 COMMODORE SEMICONDUCTOR GROUP
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CRAIG FARM
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508527
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Armstrong County
Parker
Other Names:
Craig Lagoon
Craig Farm Disposal Site
The Craig Farm Drum site combines several areas that total 8 to 10 acres. The site originally
contained two abandoned strip mine pits. Between 1958 and 1963, at least 2,500 tons of
drummed waste material were deposited uncovered at the site and later were covered with dirt.
Runoff from the site flows into an unnamed tributary to Valley Run Creek, which then drains
into the Allegheny River 2 1/2 miles downstream. Approximately 1,700 people reside within a
3-mile radius of the site, with the closest residence less than a mile away. These residents obtain
water from private and public wells.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with creosotes and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Also, a stream draining from the site and flowing to the
Allegheny River shows signs of contamination from the wastes deposited.
Possible health threats include direct contact with the contaminated surface water
and accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater. There is evidence that
local residents use the site for hunting. The site threatens wetlands downgradient
of the disposal pits.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
. 69
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1986, the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
performed surface water sampling and groundwater sampling. Soil sampling also was
performed in 1987. Five additional wells were drilled in 1988 to determine the full
extent of contamination. A study that determined the remedies for site cleanup was completed in
1989. Remedies selected include the solidification of the contaminated source materials and any
contaminated soil and removal of the contaminants to an on-site landfill. The contaminated
groundwater will be treated off site. As part of pre-design work, the potentially responsible
parties have agreed to sample all of the wells to determine if further groundwater cleanup is
necessary. An engineering design of the selected remedies is scheduled to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: The potentially responsible parties conducted an environmental assessment of the
site in 1983 as a result of negotiations with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources (PADER). Koppers Company, Inc., one of the potentially responsible parties, signed
a Consent Order with the PADER on February 10, 1987. In 1989, Beazer Materials and
Services, which acquired Koppers Company, Inc. and also is potentially responsible for
contamination at the site, made a good faith offer to the EPA to conduct the cleanup design and
perform the cleanup. A Consent Decree for the cleanup work was signed by Beazer Materials
and Services in May 1990, and was officially lodged in August 1990.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has determined that contamination at the site does not pose an imminent threat to
nearby residents or the environment. The investigations at the Craig Farm Drum site have been
completed and groundwater, soil, and surface water cleanup is expected to commence soon.
April 1991 70 CRAIG FARM DRUM
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CROYDON
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD981035009
TCB
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Bucks County
Between Croydon and Bristol
Other Names:
Croydon TCE Spill
The Croydon TCE (trichloroethylene) site is a 4-square-mile residential area that also includes a
small industrial complex and numerous small businesses. The EPA identified the Croydon TCE site
in 1985 after a Superfund investigation at the neighboring Rohm & Haas plant revealed a plume of
groundwater contamination that did not appear to be associated with that site. Approximately
18,000 people living within 3 miles of the site depend on water from the Delaware River for their
drinking water. About 200 people depend on shallow private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/85
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) thought to have originated from the TCE spill were
detected in the groundwater. In addition, TCE and other VOCs were detected in eight
residential wells. Low concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected
in off-site soil. Contaminants were detected in Hog Run Creek, a tributary of the
Delaware River that is used for recreational purposes. Potential risks may exist if fish
and waterfowl from the contaminated creek are eaten. Individuals may be at risk from
direct contact with contaminated materials, drinking contaminated groundwater or
surface water, or accidentally ingesting contaminated soils.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on provision of a water
supply line and cleanup of TCE contamination.
71
April 1991
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Response Action Status
^ Water Supply Line: Ten neighboring residences and a commercial establishment with
~~ contaminated wells were connected to a public service water line between December 1989
and February 1990.
TCE Contamination: Based on the results of an investigation of the site, preliminary
alternatives selected by the EPA in 1989 for the site cleanup include containing the
contamination on site or pumping and treating the contaminated groundwater via air
stripping. Design of the cleanup actions is underway and is expected to be completed in 1991. The
EPA plans to conduct long-term monitoring of residential and monitoring wells. Cleanup activities
are scheduled to begin in 1991 and are expected to be completed in 1993.
Environmental Progress
By connecting threatened neighboring residences and commercial establishments to a public service
water line, the EPA has eliminated the possible exposure to contaminated water while final design
and cleanup activities are completed at the Croydon TCE site.
ApriM991
72
CROYDON TCE
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CRYOCHEM, I
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002360444
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Berks County
Worman
Site Description
The 19-acre CryoChem, Inc. site has operated as a metals fabrication facility since 1962. The
facility is composed of several production and storage buildings and an office complex located in
the lower part of the property. The company uses solvents to clean finished metal parts, and any
excess solvent is collected in shop drains. Prior to 1982, an organic solvent was used to remove
a dye that was applied to welded connections to check for weld integrity. Excess solvent was
placed in the shop drain system, which discharged into nearby surface waters that lead to
Manatawny Creek. There are several residences within 1/4 mile of the site. The population
within a 3-mile radius is approximately 1,100 and is solely dependent on groundwater as a
drinking water supply. A series of environmental samples collected between 1981 and 1985
found organic chemicals in an on-site production well and in nearby residential wells.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on and off site and soils are contaminated with various volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from former solvent disposal practices. VOCs also
were detected in waters that lead to Manatawny Creek and a tributary to Ironstone
Creek. Exposure to contaminated groundwater, surface water, and sediments
through direct contact or accidental ingestion poses potential risks to individuals.
Residential wells are contaminated and threaten drinking water. A barrier to
vehicular access provides the only restriction of the public's access to the site.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on provision of a water supply system and cleanup of the groundwater and soil.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA sampled water in residential wells near the site in
1987. As a result of the findings, 19 carbon units were installed at homes with wells
exceeding acceptable drinking water standards. Some residents have opted to buy
bottled water or filtered tap water at their own expense. As of 1991,20 residences use carbon
filtration systems.
Water Supply: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, started
an investigation in 1988 to determine the extent of the contamination and to identify
alternative cleanup technologies. Design of the new water supply system began in
1990, and is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Groundwater: Under EPA oversight, the investigations conducted by the
potentially responsible parties identified site cleanup alternatives. The EPA selected a
remedy, which involves pumping and treating groundwater by air stripping and surface
discharge. Design of the technical specifications for this system began in 1990 and are
scheduled to be completed in late 1991.
Soil: Solvent discarded behind the fabrication building also may have contributed to
groundwater contamination at the site. A study to explore technologies for addressing
soil contamination was completed in mid-1991. The EPA is expected to select a
remedy in late 1991.
Site Facts: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER) initiated
sampling of residential wells in 1981 as a result of complaints from residents. The PADER
found VOCs in the wells and recommended that the company discontinue the use of
trichloroethane (TCA), clean out the drain system, and properly dispose of all contaminated
materials. The company complied with the recommendations.
Environmental Progress
The water filtration units installed at nearby residences have eliminated the possibility of using
contaminated water in area homes, while cleanup activities and the installation of a primary
water supply line are proceeding at the CryoChem, Inc. site.
April 1991 74 CRYOCHEM, INC.
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DELTA QUAR
DISPOSAL, IN
STOTLER LA
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD981038052
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Blair County
Antis and Logan Townships
Other Names:
Stotier Landfill
Parshall-Kruise Landfill
Site Description
The 40-acre Delta Quarries & Disposal, Inc./Stotler Landfill site is an inactive, unlicensed
municipal waste facility that operated from the 1960s until 1985. Originally, the site consisted of
two separate landfills that were combined with the Delta-Altoona Sanitary Landfill to form one
large facility. Approximately 2,500 people live within 3 miles of the site. The closest residence
is 35 feet from the site, and there are private wells in the vicinity. The aquifer under the site is
used as a water source by local municipalities. About 1,500 people obtain drinking water from
wells within 3 miles of the site. Groundwater flows in the direction of the Little Juniata River,
which is 1 mile from the site and is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water are contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) that leached from the landfill areas. Threats to human health
may include accidental ingestion, direct contact, and absorption of contaminated
surface water and groundwater. Although there is unrestricted public access to
the site, it is covered with 4 feet of soil, and a vegetative cover has been
established over the landfill areas.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
75
April!991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
agreed to cover the landfill with soil and to take sedimentation and erosion control
measures to limit the further spread of contaminants. This work was completed in 1987.
Entire Site: Based on investigations performed by the parties potentially responsible for
contamination of the site, the EPA selected a groundwater and surface water remedy. The
remedy consists of pumping and treating groundwater to address contamination. Deed and
access restrictions will be implemented along with cap maintenance, gas venting, and continued
monitoring of the surface and groundwater. Cleanup design work is scheduled to begin in 1992
Site Facts: In 1984, the potentially responsible parties and the State entered into a Consent Order
and Agreement to close the site. In 1987, the EPA and the potentially responsible parties executed
an additional Consent Order for a study of site contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup.
The study was completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
By covering the landfill with soil and taking sedimentation and erosion control measures, the
potentially responsible parties at the Delta/Stotler site have limited the potential for direct
exposure and the further spread of contamination. These actions have made the site safer while
it awaits completion of design work and final cleanup activities.
April 1991 76 DELTA QUARRIES & DISPOSAL, INC7
STOTLER LANDFILL
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DORNEY ROADv
LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508832
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Lehigh and Berks Counties
8 miles southwest of Allentown
Other Names:
Oswald's Landfill
Site Description
The Dorney Road Landfill site was an open-pit iron mine before it became a landfill in 1952.
The site is located in Upper Macungie Township, a small portion of the site extends into
Longswamp Township in Berks County. From 1952 to 1978, the site was used to dispose of
municipal and industrial wastes. Twenty-four acres of the site, including the iron ore pit, were
landfilled through 1978. The State inspected the site in 1970 and discovered that industrial
sludge, batteries, and barrels of petroleum products were disposed of on site. The major portion
of the landfill is surrounded by a soil berm. The site is surrounded by rural residences and
farmland. The cultivated farmland near the site primarily is used to grow feed for cattle.
Soybeans and wheat are grown for human consumption. The Allentown Formation underlies the
site and is the primary source of water for local residents and the farm animals in the area.
Groundwater contamination has migrated off site, and possibly into a residential well to the
southeast of the site. There are approximately 20 people within a 1/4-mile radius of the site. The
nearest resident lives 1,000 feet away from the site. Deer, waterfowl, and pheasant hunting
occur seasonally in the area surrounding the site and have been observed on the site premises.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater underlying the site contains ketones, vinyl chloride,
trichloroethene, benzene, and arsenic. Specific contaminants in leachate include
ketones, lead, and arsenic. The soils contain the pesticide dieldrin, as well as lead
and chromium. Pooled surface water on site is contaminated. The site could
threaten the health of residents who ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater or inhale dust contaminated with heavy metals. Also,
residents could be at risk from inhaling or coming in direct contact with
contaminated surface soil, sediment, and surface water. Residents could be
adversely affected by eating wild game with bioaccumulated contaminants. The
berm completely surrounding the site presents a physical hazard for anyone
entering the site.
77
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on landfill wastes, surface water, and soil cleanup and cleanup of the
groundwater.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA conducted an emergency action at the site in 1986,
which included building on-site ponds and reshaping surface contours to manage water
infiltration and runoff. A snow fence also was placed around the site to limit public
access. All of the gullies on site were filled with compacted clay and clean fill. Surface runoff
was redirected, and depression ponds were built to reduce movement of hazardous wastes.
Berms were built around the outer perimeter of the site to stop surface water from leaving the
site area. The EPA and the State agreed that further studies of the groundwater were needed to
define the nature and extent of contamination.
Landfill Wastes, Surface Water, and Soil: The final selection of cleanup
technologies to address contamination includes: (1) off-site disposal of 700,000
gallons of on-site pond water, (2) constructing a dike and diversion ditch system; (3)
reshaping surface contours; (4) installing a multi-layer landfill cap and a gas collection system;
(5) conducting groundwater monitoring; (6) limiting access to the site; and (7) restricting
building in the area. The EPA is planning to begin designing the technical specifications for the
selected cleanup technologies in 1991, and the design phase is expected to be completed in 1992.
Groundwater: The State is studying the nature and extent of the site's groundwater
contamination. The study will define the major contaminants and will recommend the
most effective way to clean up the site. The State plans to complete the study in 1991.
Site Facts: The State and the EPA signed a Cooperative Agreement to study the nature and
extent of contamination at the site in 1984. The EPA issued Unilateral Orders to eight parties
potentially responsible for site contamination to perform site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed many emergency measures to make the Domey Road Landfill site safer to
the surrounding communities and the environment by controlling the sources of contamination.
Cleanup technologies for the landfill wastes, surface water, and soil have been selected, and the
design of these remedies is expected to begin soon. Studies leading to the selection of a final
groundwater cleanup remedy currently are taking place.
April 1991 78 DORNEY ROAD LANDFILL
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DOUGLASSVKt
DISPOSAL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002384865
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Berks County
Along the southern bank of
the Schuylkill River
Other Names:
Reclamation Resources, Inc.
Berks Association, Inc.
The 50-acre Douglassville Disposal site was a waste oil and recycling facility that operated from
1941 to 1986. The on-site features include the former processing equipment, storage tanks, and
waste storage lagoons. From 1941 to 1972, waste oil sludge was placed in on-site lagoons. The
contents were washed into the Schuylkill River during flooding in 1970 and 1972. After the
1972 flood, the sludge remaining in the lagoons was removed, and the lagoons were filled and
seeded. Sludge generated in the oil recovery process was landfarmed on the site. From 1979 to
1982, about 700 drums, many leaking, were stored on the site. The site is not fenced but there
are several large warning signs located at the entrance to the site and in the landfarrn area. The
population within a mile of the site is approximately 2,850. The site is located in a rural setting
consisting of cropland, uncultivated fields, and light residential and industrial development. The
segment of the river, along which the site is located, is designated for recreational activities and
is extensively used as a source for municipal and industrial waters. Fishing occurs in the
Schuylkill River and in the pond located just outside the site boundaries. The City of Pottstown
has the closest municipal water intake from the river and is about 4 miles downstream.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Contaminants detected in on-site groundwater, surface water, and soil include
various heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Studies have
detected PCBs and lead in locally caught fish. Specific contaminants in
sediments include lead, chromium, and PCBs. Threats to human health include
direct contact with on-site soils and sediments, ingestion of contaminated
groundwater, or eating contaminated fish. Numerous wild animals are found at
the site, and hunting is known to occur on the site.
79
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: initial actions and three long-term remedial phases
focussing on cleanup of lagoons, the tank farm, and the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, contaminated drums and surface soil were removed by a
potentially responsible party to reduce the source of contamination and threat of
exposure to contaminated materials.
Lagoons: The EPA completed a comprehensive investigation into lagoon and
surface water contamination at the site and recommended remedies for final cleanup.
The cleanup includes on-site thermal treatment and capping of waste areas left on site.
This cleanup plan was re-evaluated and amended in the final phase of site cleanup.
Tank Farm: The final selection of cleanup technologies to address site contamination
includes the dismantling of tanks and off-site thermal treatment of wastes. The EPA
initiated tank farm cleanup activities in 1989, and final cleanup activities are scheduled
to be completed in 1992.
Entire Site: A third remedy selection was completed in 1989 that amended the
strategy for cleanup of the contaminated soils and remaining site areas. The remedy
includes providing a soil cover over the former lagoon areas and on-site incineration of
filter cakes and drainage-way wastes. Recent investigations have shown that contaminants in the
groundwater do not exceed background levels and do not require cleanup actions. The Army
Corps of Engineers completed the first design phase in 1990 and currently is designing the
technical specifications for the second phase of the site cleanup. All phases of technical
specifications are expected to be completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
Cleanup actions to date have resulted in the removal and isolation of sources of contamination at
the site, as well as having reduced the threat of exposure to contamination while the EPA
continues to address the remaining areas of contamination at the Douglassville Disposal Site.
April 1991 80 DOUGLASSVILLE DISPOSAL
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DRAKE CHE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD003058047
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 23
Clinton County
Lock Haven
Site Description
The 8-acre Drake Chemical site operated as a chemical plant, manufacturing chemical
intermediates for pesticides and other organic compounds. Operations started in the 1960s and
ceased in the fall of 1981. The site contains six major buildings including former offices,
production facilities, and a wastewater treatment building. There are approximately 60 process
tanks and reactors inside and surrounding the process buildings. Outside the buildings are
approximately 10 large tanks that were used for bulk storage of acids, bases, and fuel oils. Also
located on site are two lined wastewater treatment lagoons, and two unlined lagoons. Chemical
sludge and contaminated soils cover or underlay all of the open area on the site. The site is
bounded by the American Color and Chemical Company. An apartment complex, a shopping
center, and Castanea Township Park are located within 1/4 mile of the site. There are
approximately 10,300 people living within a mile of the site. Bald Eagle Creek is located less
than 1/2 mile south of the site, and the West Branch of the Susquehanna River is located
approximately 3/4 mile north of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The air in the vicinity of the site was contaminated in 1982 with oleum gas clouds
thought to originate from a leaking pipe on the site. Groundwater is contaminated
with acids and organic compounds. A contaminated leachate stream, originating
at the site, flows through Castanea Township Park to Bald Eagle Creek. On-site
buildings and structures were contaminated with pesticide residues. Sediment and
surface water in Bald Eagle Creek is contaminated with the herbicide fenac. The
soils are contaminated with organic compounds. Health threats include direct
contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, groundwater, air, and
the leachate stream. There is also the possibility of an on-site fire or explosion
from accumulated gases.
81
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on the leachate stream, the buildings and structures, and cleanup of soil, sludges,
and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, the EPA removed 1,700 exposed drums and drained
and neutralized tanks. The site has been secured by an 8-foot fence, and warning signs
are posted along its perimeter. From 1988 through 1990, piping was removed and
cleaned.
Leachate Stream: The design to eliminate the leachate stream was completed in
1986, and the EPA completed the majority of the construction in the same year. Final
reshaping of surface contours to manage water infiltration and runoff and seeding was
completed in 1987. The leachate stream pathway has been successfully cleaned up, and the
threat of direct contact has been eliminated.
Buildings and Structures: The EPA selected removal of the buildings, lagoons,
and other structures to an approved facility as the remedy for this source of
contamination. This phase of the site cleanup was completed in spring 1989.
Soils, Sludges, and Groundwater: The EPA-selected remedy for the final
cleanup of soils, sludges, and groundwater includes: excavation and incineration of
on-site soils and sludges along with pumping and treatment of the contaminated
groundwater. The EPA is preparing the technical specifications and design for the selected soil,
sludge, and groundwater cleanup technologies. The design work is scheduled to be completed in
1992. The cleanup activities for soil and sludges are expected to commence in 1992; and in 1993
for groundwater.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has completed many phases of the planned cleanup solution, such as the removal of
contaminated drums, construction of a security fence, diversion of the leachate stream, and the
demolition and removal of contaminated buildings and structures. These actions have made
Drake Chemical safer while awaiting the beginning of final cleanup activities.
April! 991 82 DRAKE CHEMICAL
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DUBLIN TCE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD981740004
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Bucks County
Dublin Borough
Other Names:
Dublin Water Supply
The 4 1/2-acre Dublin TCE Site is located in Dublin Borough. In 1986, the Bucks County
Health Department discovered trichloroethylene (TCE) in 23 tap water samples. The highest
TCE concentrations were found in a well on the property occupied by several industrial
operations over the past 50 years. This property is thought to be the likely source of the
contaminants. The site property was acquired in 1986 by John H. Thompson, who is using the
main building to restore antique race cars. Laboratory Testing, Inc. has leased part of the
property since 1986. The water supplies of approximately 170 homes, apartments, and
businesses in Dublin have been affected by this contamination. An estimated 10,100 people
obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. The sole source of
drinking water in the area is the Brunswick and Lockatong Formations. The formations are
connected hydraulically, permitting water to move between them.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with TCE. Potential health threats to people
include drinking and inhaling of TCE from groundwater used for washing and
direct contact with contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, a potentially responsible party, John H. Thompson,
began providing an alternate water supply to persons affected by the contaminated
wells and is periodically sampling wells in the area. Thompson is supplying persons
affected by the contaminated water with carbon treatment systems. The Consent Order was
amended in 1991 to expand the full-house carbon treatment systems for lower levels of TCE
found in drinking water wells. In addition, Thompson is required to monitor the wells.
Entire Site: Under EPA supervision, an investigation into the nature and extent of
groundwater and soil contamination at the site is planned to begin in late 1991. The
investigation will define the contaminants of concern and will recommend alternatives
for site cleanup. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1987, a potentially responsible party, John H. Thompson, entered into a Consent
Order with the EPA that required provision of water treatment systems or bottled water to
residents with contaminated wells and the periodic sampling of wells in the area. Thompson
performed preliminary soil and groundwater investigations at the request of the State. The State
entered into a Consent Order with Sequa Corporation, a potentially responsible party, to perform
a groundwater and source investigation and the groundwater cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
By supplying affected residents with carbon treatment systems and monitoring these systems, the
EPA and the potentially responsible parties have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials in the water from the Dublin TCE Site.
April 1991 84 DUBLIN TCE SITE
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EAST MOUNTS
ZION
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980690549
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
York County
Springettsbury Township
Other Names:
Fetrow Rubbish Dump
Site Description
The East Mount Zion site is a privately owned, inactive 10-acre landfill that accepted municipal
and industrial wastes, including electroplating sludges, from 1955 to 1972. The Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources (PADER) attempted to close the dump during the
1960s and early 1970s. After extensive legal action, the site was closed in 1972. Final closing
activities, including a final soil cover and seeding, were completed in 1976; however,
groundwater resources underlying the site had become contaminated from landfill wastes.
Within a mile of the site are small groupings of rural residences; the nearby population is
approximately 200. Approximately 30,000 people use the Rocky Ridge County Park, which has
an entrance near the site, each year.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
IT
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
contamination at the site. Leachate seeps on site are is contaminated with copper
and zinc. Consumption of contaminated groundwater poses a risk to nearby
residents. However, residential wells in the area show no signs of contamination.
People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest leachate may be at
risk. Additionally, surface waters and wetlands located in the area are used for
recreation.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
85
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: Based on studies conducted by the State, the EPA selected a remedy for
the site in 1990. The remedy consists of installation and maintenance of an
impermeable cap over the land fill, surface water control systems for the cap, and a
fence around the site. Continued groundwater monitoring and deed restrictions regarding future
activities at the site will ensure the effectiveness of this remedy. The EPA began designing the
remedy in 1990 and is expected to complete the technical specifications in late 1991.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA and the State of Pennsylvania performed preliminary
investigations at the site and determined that the East Mount Zion site does not pose an imminent
threat to the public or the environment while cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
86
EAST MOUNT ZION
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EASTERN
DIVERSIFIED
METALS
PENNSYLVAN
EPA ID# PAD980830533
Site Description —
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Schuylkill County
Rush Township
Other Names:
Eastern Diversified Metals
The 25-acre Eastern Diversified Metals site is a former wire recycling facility. From 1966 to
1977, the company disposed of approximately 150 million pounds of "fluff (waste insulation
material) from the recycling of copper wire in an open pile 40 feet high and covering an area 250
by 1,500 feet The waste pile produced phenolic leachate. In 1974, the company installed a
wastewater treatment plant, diversion ditches, and an interceptor trench that diverts shallow
groundwater to the treatment plant. The surface impoundment associated with the wastewater
treatment plant sometimes overflows into a tributary to the Little Schuylkill River, which is used
for trout fishing and is located within 3 miles downstream of the site. The site is underlain by
Mauch Chunk Formation, one of the most important water-bearing formations in Northeastern
Pennsylvania. Approximately 1,400 people are served by wells that are within 3 miles of the site
and draw on the Mauch Chunk Formation for their water supply. There are about 1,600 people
living within a 1-mile radius of the site. The distance from the site to the nearest residence is
approximately 1,000 feet. An intermittent tributary to the Little Schuylkill River that is used for
recreational activities drains south of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and manganese from former site operations
have been detected in the groundwater. The contaminants detected in on-site
leachate and sediments consist of heavy metals including copper, lead,
manganese, and zinc, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and VOCs. Dioxin,
PCBs, and lead are the principal contaminants in the main fluff pile. Potential
health threats include direct contact with and accidental ingestion of contaminated
groundwater, sediment, leachate, and surface wastes. There is also a possibility of
risk from the consumption of contaminated fish taken from area tributaries and
rivers.
87
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the hot spot areas, groundwater, and the remainder of the site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In response to a 1987 EPA directive, the parties potentially
responsible for the site contamination constructed a security fence around the site to
restrict access to the site and to reduce the potential of exposure to contaminated areas.
Hot Spot Areas: Based on the investigation conducted by the parties potentially
responsible for site contamination, the EPA selected a final remedy for the hot spot areas.
The remedy consists of excavation and incineration of dioxin- and PCB-contaminated fluff
and removal of lead-contaminated soils and sediments contaminated with heavy metals. Also
included in the remedy is the upgrade of the wastewater treatment facility and the equalization
lagoon. Improvement of the existing site fence and continued site maintenance are planned to ensure
the effectiveness of this remedy. Design work is scheduled to begin in 1992.
Groundwater: Based on the studies performed by the potentially responsible parties,
the EPA selected an interim remedy to address groundwater contamination. The interim
remedy involves installing a deeper groundwater collection trench parallel to the existing
trench and further study of the practicality of deep groundwater cleanup. Issues such as long-term
effectiveness and permanence will be addressed in the final remedy.
Remainder of the Site: The potentially responsible parties currently are conducting an
investigation into the nature and extent of the contamination at the site. The investigation
will define the contaminants and will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1974, as a result of a Consent Agreement with the State, the company installed a
wastewater treatment plant, diversion ditches, and an interceptor trench that diverts shallow
groundwater to the treatment plant. In 1987, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to
the potentially responsible parties for construction of a security fence.
Environmental Progress
Initial actions to limit public access to the Eastern Diversified Metals site have reduced the potential
for accidental exposure to contamination at the site, making it safer while further study, design, and
cleanup activities are completed.
April1991 88 EASTERN DIVERSIFIED METALS
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LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980539712
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Lancaster County
1 mile southwest of Elizabethtown
Other Names:
United Disposal
Site Description
The 15-acre Elizabethtown Landfill site is an unlined sandstone quarry that operated as an
unlicensed sanitary landfill from about 1958 to 1973, accepting an unknown quantity of
industrial and municipal wastes from surrounding communities. In 1985, the EPA detected
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and manganese in monitoring wells and a leachate stream
emanating from the landfill area. In 1986, the site was covered with 2 feet of clay and 6 inches
of topsoil, vents were installed to control methane gas accumulation, and a leachate collection
system to prevent contamination from moving away from the site was installed. A sedimentation
basin also was constructed, and a drainage system to channel runoff to the basin was installed.
An estimated 13,200 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles
of the site. A private well is 800 feet from the site. The area surrounding the site is largely
agricultural and rural. Conroy Creek, which is 800 feet downgradient of the site, is used for
recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater contaminants include the VOC benzene and heavy metals
including manganese and lead. Leachate from the landfill is contaminated with
VOCs and has been seeping into Conroy Creek. Potential health threats include
accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater in the drinking water supply
and direct contact with polluted surface waters.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase concentrated on cleanup of the
entire site.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1990, the potentially responsible parties began an investigation into
the nature and extent of groundwater and leachate contamination at the site. The
investigation will define the contaminants and will recommend alternatives for final
site cleanup. Once the studies are completed, expected in 1992, the EPA will select final cleanup
remedies for site contamination.
Site Facts: In September 1990, the potentially responsible parties entered into a Consent
Agreement with the EPA to conduct studies of the site to determine the nature and extent of
contamination.
Environmental Progress
After placing the Elizabethtown Landfill site on the NPL, the EPA completed an assessment of
site conditions and determined that the site currently does not pose an imminent threat to public
health or the environment while investigations are undertaken to identify contamination levels
and cleanup alternatives.
April 1991
90
ELIZABETHTOWN LANDFILL
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ENTERPRISE AVENU
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980552913
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Philadelphia County
Philadelphia
Site Description
The Enterprise Avenue site, located in an industrial area in the city of Philadelphia, near the
eastern end of the Philadelphia International Airport, encompasses a total of 57 acres. Until
1976, the Philadelphia Streets Department used the site for the disposal of incineration residue,
fly ash, and bulky debris. Drums containing various industrial and chemical wastes were buried
illegally at the site by several waste handling firms. In response to the situation, the Philadelphia
Water Department conducted exploratory excavations during 1979 to confirm the alleged waste
dumping. Approximately 1,700 drums that contained, or had once contained, such wastes as
paint sludges, solvents, oils, resins, metal finishing waste, and solid inorganic wastes were
discovered on the site. Approximately 1 million people live within a mile of the site in the
Philadelphia area.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
Municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 03/07/86
Threats and Contaminants
The soil on site was contaminated with various organic compounds from the
waste disposal practices. Potential risks existed if direct contact was made with
contaminated soil or if soil was accidentally ingested.
Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
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April991
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1982, the City began cleanup measures at the site in which all drums
and dram fragments were removed and disposed of off site, and 32,600 cubic yards of
contaminated soil were excavated and placed in a federally approved facility off site.
The remaining contaminated soil was stockpiled on site in two separate piles, and a partial cover
was installed. The EPA selected a remedy to clean up the soil, which included removal of the
remaining contaminated soil and completion of further precautionary measures, including
installation of a cap and revegetation of the area. In 1984, the State tested the soil remaining on
site for contamination. Contaminated soil was disposed of at an off-site approved facility. The
site then was capped and revegetated as a further precautionary measure, and a fence was
installed around the site area. The EPA, with the concurrence of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, has determined that no further cleanup by the potentally responsible parties is
appropriate. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER) agreed to
operate and maintain the site. The PADER also has developed and implemented an operations
and maintenance plan for the cap which was approved by the EPA, and will monitor the
groundwater to ensure that the water quality remains at background levels. The EPA and the
PADER have determined that the site has met all cleanup criteria, and the site has been deleted
from the NPL.
Environmental Progress
As a result of the cleanup activities described above, the EPA determined that all site
contamination has been addressed and that the site no longer is a threat to the public or the
environment. Therefore, the site has been deleted from the NPL.
April 1991 92 ENTERPRISE AVENUE
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FISCHER
PORTER COM
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002345817
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Bucks County
Warminster
Site Description
The 6-acre Fischer and Porter (F&P) Company site is an active facility that produces waterflow
and process control equipment In 1979, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in
local groundwater. This contamination reached some public water supply wells of the Hatboro
Borough and Warminster Heights Water Authorities, forcing several to be closed in 1979. The
wells since have been reopened with treatment to remove contaminants. Until 1986, a degreasing
agent used at the facility was stored in a 2,000-gallon underground tank; however, F & P's
investigations of the underground storage tank have shown it to be intact. About 30,000 people
within a 3-mile radius of the site depend on the groundwater for their drinking water supply. The
F&P property drains to an unnamed tributary of Pennypack Creek, located 1,000 feet north of the
plant. F&P depended on wells for drinking water at one time, but has switched to an alternate
water supply source.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTOht
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
VOCs from former process wastes were detected in industrial wells at the F & P
property and in nearby municipal water supply wells for the towns of Hatboro and
Warminster Heights. Drinking water sources have been equipped with
contamination treatment devices.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
93
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1986, F & P began pumping and treating contaminated groundwater
from three on-site wells. The Hatboro Borough and Warminster Heights Water
Authorities installed permanent treatment systems for the public water supply. The
full on-site recovery system went into operation in 1986. Hatboro Borough also completed the
installation of air strippers to remove contaminants at certain wells. F & P will continue to
operate the treatment system and will report to the EPA.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed by F & P, agreeing to pump and treat groundwater
from three on-site wells. F & P also contributed money to the Hatboro Borough and Warminster
Heights Water Authorities so that permanent treatment systems for the public water supply could
be installed.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment operations currently underway at the F&P facility continue to reduce
groundwater contamination levels. These ongoing actions, as well as the closure of
contaminated wells and installation of other treatment devices, have ensured a safe public
drinking supply for affected residents.
April 1991
94
FISCHER AND PORTER COMPANY
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HAVERTOWNPCP
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002338010
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Delaware County
Havertown Township
Other Names:
National Wood Preservers
Site Description
From 1947 to 1963, National Wood Preservers disposed of liquid wastes, primarily oil
contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP), into a well that entered the groundwater under the
plant. The liquid wastes leached into nearby Nay lor's Run, a small stream that flows through a
residential area and eventually into the Delaware River. In 1976, the EPA took emergency
action to contain the leaching by drilling recovery wells and pumping PCP to the surface for
treatment. National Wood Preservers currently is in operation but uses copper, chromium, and
arsenic instead of PCP as part of the wood preserving process. Approximately 26,000 people
live within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, surface water, and soil are contaminated with PCP, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and oils. The soil also is contaminated with various
inorganic chemicals. Contaminated wastes have leached into Naylor's Run.
People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated soil,
groundwater, or surface water may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases.
95
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, the EPA installed a fence to restrict access to the site
and constructed sorbent booms and a catch basin in Naylor's Run to contain the
chemicals.
Source Control: The EPA decided in 1989 to install an oil and water separator in
the existing catch basin at Naylor's Run and remove tanks and drums of liquid wastes
from earlier cleanup actions conducted by the EPA and the State. The EPA began site
cleanup in 1990. The oil and water separator has been installed, and drums and tanks of waste
have been removed. Security improvements and regrading is underway. The cleanup activities
are being evaluated for effectiveness.
Groundwater: The EPA currently is conducting a study to determine the extent of
the groundwater and other site contamination. The EPA will recommend alternatives
to clean up the contamination. The study is planned to be completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
By fencing the site and taking actions to stem the further spread of site contamination, the EPA
has reduced the potential of exposure to contamination and has made the Havertown PCP site
safer while conducting a study of the groundwater contamination.
April 1991 96 HAVERTOWN PCP
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HEBELKA Al
SALVAGE Y
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980829329
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Lehigh County
Weisenberg Township
The 10-acre Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard site is in a rural area of Lehigh County. From 1958 to
1983, approximately 750 to 1,000 cubic yards of battery casings were disposed of on site in two
areas. In addition, automobiles, empty storage tanks, empty drums, and miscellaneous scrap
metals were disposed of in the yard. Storage tanks are still disposed of on the site; however, this
practice is under review by the State. In 1985, the EPA conducted an on-site investigation and
discovered contamination in sediments at Iron Run Creek, which is a tributary of Lehigh Creek,
a cold water fishing stream. Two residences are located within the site boundary. There are 10
residences within 1,000 feet of the site. The population within a 1-mile radius of the site is
approximately 300, and 1,000 people live within 2 miles. Approximately 2,800 people draw
water from three Lehigh County Water Authority wells within 3 miles of the site; another 500
people use private wells.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
One unfiltered groundwater sample showed elevated levels of lead, but the sample
was muddy and inconclusive. Groundwater will be resampled during another
phase of the investigation. Sediments, soil, and sludges are contaminated with
lead from former disposal practices. Because the site is not fenced, on-site
workers or trespassers are at risk by coming into direct contact with or
accidentally ingesting, liquids from batteries or solid waste. People who use Iron
Run Creek for recreational purposes may come into contact with contaminated
sediment. Although Iron Run is a tributary to Lehigh Creek, it does not appear
that contamination has spread farther downstream.
97
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on the battery casings and
surrounding soil and groundwater, surface water, sediment, air, and soil air.
Response Action Status
Battery Casings: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site that
includes stabilizing the lead-contaminated soil by mixing it with a hardening agent
such as cement or lime to form a solid and removal to an off-site facility. This
prevents contaminants from leaching from the soil. In addition, the battery casings will be
removed to an approved facility and recycled where possible. The EPA is preparing the
technical specifications and design for cleaning up the soil. The design phase is expected to be
completed in 1992.
Groundwater, Surface Water, Sediment, Air and Soil Air: The EPA will
sample the groundwater, surface water, sediment, air, and soil air at the site to confirm
the lead contamination and to determine the extent of contamination. Once the study
is completed, expected in 1991, the EPA will recommend alternatives for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Hebelka Auto Salvage site to the NPL, the EPA determined that the site does
not pose an imminent threat to the public or the environment while waiting for investigations and
cleanup activities to be completed.
April 1991 98 HEBELKA AUTO SALVAGE YARD
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HELEVA LANDFI
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980537716 h
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Lehigh County
North Whitehall Township
The Heleva Landfill site consists of about 20 acres on a 93-acre parcel of land. In the late 1800s,
the site area was a large open-pit iron ore mining operation. The mining operations left four
open, water-filled pits. Two of these pits are on site: both were covered over by a landfilling
operation. The site began operations as a sanitary landfill in 1967 and accepted general mixed
refuse, including paper, wood, and orchard wastes. Unconfirmed types and amounts of industrial
wastes, including solvents, were reported to have been sent to the site beginning in that same
year. Detection of contamination in the West Ormrod Water Association Well, 1/4 mile
southeast of the site, led to its closing. The site was closed in 1981, and the owner covered the
waste area with 2 feet of clay soil. Groundwater discharges from the landfill flow into Todd
Lake, Coplay Creek, and Whitehall Quarry, all of which are used for recreational purposes.
Coplay Creek is a tributary of the Lehigh River. The area within a 3-mile radius of the landfill is
primarily rural, with the greatest portion being farmland and pastures. Some of the land adjacent
to the landfill is used for raising crops. A large percentage of the population around the site live
in small residential communities that pocket the area. Ormrod, a village of approximately 35
families, is located about 1/4 mile southeast of the site. Ironton, with a population of 150
residents, is 1/4 mile to the west. An elementary school is located about 1,500 feet south of the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
former site activities. On-site soils also are contaminated with VOCs. People
who come into direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk.
99
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on groundwater and soil cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The West Ormrod Water Association well was closed down
due to contamination. Bottled water was provided in 1985 and 1988 to homes with
contaminated wells. In 1986, the North Hampton Water Company extended an
existing water line to provide water for 35 homes that had been drawing water from the
contaminated well. In 1989, three additional homes with contaminated wells were discovered.
Extension of the water line to these homes is underway; completion is expected in 1993.
Groundwater: In 1985, the EPA selected remedies for groundwater contamination
at the site, which include: (1) installing a soil cover and construction of a surface
water diversion system; (2) installing a gas venting system and monitoring of gases at
the vents and at the landfill boundary; (3) construction of an on-site treatment facility to treat the
contaminated groundwater before discharging it into Coplay Creek; (4) extending the public
water supply to residents whose groundwater supply wells have been or potentially could be
contaminated; and (5) monitoring the groundwater until all residents in the vicinity are connected
to the public water supply. The EPA also studied the groundwater and determined that pumping
groundwater to remove the contaminant plume was necessary. Construction of the soil covering
for the landfill and gas venting system have been completed. The EPA is preparing the technical
specifications and design for the groundwater pumping system. Construction of the groundwater
pump and treatment system is scheduled to begin in 1993, upon completion of the technical
specifications.
Soil: The EPA is conducting an additional investigation to study the nature and extent
of the soil contamination in the vicinity of the landfills. The EPA completed an
investigation of the soil contamination and performed a treatability study in 1990.
However, further analysis for selection of cleanup remedy is pending.
Site Facts: The EPA issued two Unilateral Orders (February 1985 and March 1985) and two
Administrative Orders of Consent (February 1985 and August 1988), as well as a Consent
Agreement, to the potentially responsible parties to provide bottled water for the homes affected
by the contamination of the groundwater.
Environmental Progress
Closing the contaminated well and providing alternate drinking water to affected residents have
eliminated all potential health risks posed by drinking contaminated groundwater and have made
conditions at the Heleva Landfill site safer while further investigations and cleanup activities are
taking place.
April 1991 100 HELEVA LANDFILL
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HELLERTOWN
MANUFACTU
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002390748
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Northampton County
Hellertown
Other Names:
Champion Spark Plug Company
Site Description
The Hellertown Manufacturing Co., a subsidiary of Champion Spark Plug Company, formerly
manufactured spark plugs at this site. The site area includes five former lagoons encompassing
approximately 9 acres. Operations at the facility began in 1930 and continued until it closed in
1982. From 1930 to 1976, Hellertown used the five on-site lagoons for the disposal of wastes
including cleaners, cutting oils, zinc plating waste, and chrome dip waste. The lagoons were
unlined, allowing wastes to seep into the local soils. In 1970, the company reported that it
discharged 300,000 drums of wastes to the lagoons. All five lagoons were filled in 1976 with
excavated material. Private wells are located within 1/4 mile of the site. Groundwater
underlying the site is contaminated. An aquifer within 3 miles of the site supplies water to the
Hellertown Water Company, the Bethlehem Steel Corporation plant, and private residences,
affecting approximately 15,000 people. Saucon Creek is located approximately 1,000 feet off
site and is used for fishing.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater underlying the site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), according to tests conducted by the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources (PADER) in 1985. On-site soils and sludges from the
lagoons are contaminated with chromium and cyanide from former manufacturing
process wastes. On-site workers may be threatened by coming in direct contact
with or accidentally ingesting contaminated soils, sludges, or groundwater. On-
site cleanup activities also may stir up dusts, which are hazardous to inhale.
Individuals may be at risk if they ingest contaminated groundwater or fish, or
come into direct contact with contaminated water.
101
Apni1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Site access was restricted to minimize entry by unauthorized
personnel.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination initiated a
study in 1988 to determine the extent of the contamination at the site and to identify
alternative technologies for cleanup. The first phase of the report is completed, and
the final report is due to the EPA in 1991.
Site Facts: Champion Spark Plug Company signed a Consent Order with the EPA in 1988 to
study the contamination and to identify alternative technologies for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
By restricting site access, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials to nearby residences
has been greatly reduced at the Hellertown Manufacturing Co. site while studies are completed
and cleanup activities are started.
April 1991 102 HELLERTOWN MANUFACTURING CO.
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HENDERSON
ROAD
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD009862939
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Montgomery County
Upper Merion Township
Other Names:
O'Hara San. Co. Inc.
ABM/O'Hara
O'Hara Injection Well
The Henderson Road site occupies 7 acres in a commercial business area of Upper Merion
Township. Since 1975, O'Hara Sanitation has used the site for waste storage, waste recycling,
vehicle maintenance and parking, and office facilities. A former industrial water supply well
was used to dispose of industrial liquid wastes during the 1970s. The injection well lies beneath
the floor of the O'Hara Sanitation maintenance garage. Other areas of concern include an area of
previously ponded water and a landfill located 200 feet east of the well, containing
approximately 158,000 cubic yards of landfill material. Additionally, about 21,000 cubic yards
of trash and cinder fill were disposed of on adjacent properties. The landfill did not have a
permit and contains a mixture of construction demolition debris and other commercial wastes,
cinders, a former trenching area, and four underground storage tanks. Liquid waste, sludge, and
drums also may have been disposed of at the landfill. The site is approximately 2,000 feet
upgradient of the Upper Merion Reservoir, which is part of a public water supply serving
800,000 customers, and 350 feet from Mcflvain Lumber Company, where a water supply well
serves 15 employees. Apartment complexes and private homes are situated beyond the
neighboring industrial facilities of the site. The population residing within a mile of the site is
approximately 5,000 people. A school is located 3,000 feet south of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Air sampling has detected chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), chromium, barium, and benzidine from former disposal activities.
Principal on-site threats to groundwater are volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
such as benzene, vinyl chloride, chloroform, and trichloroethylene (TCE); heavy
metals; and cyanide. The major potential health risk is drinking contaminated
groundwater. People also could be exposed to site contaminants from ingestion
of or direct contact with soils and inhalation of vapors generated by cleanup
activities. There is a potential environmental impact on the adjacent intermittent
stream from site runoff.
103
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup related to an
injection well and cleanup of the landfill.
Response Action Status
Injection Well: This phase of the cleanup addresses groundwater contamination
caused by the injection of hazardous substances into an on-site well before 1977. The
design of the technical specifications for the cleanup began in 1989. Currently, one
private off-site well is being treated by carbon adsorption. Construction of the groundwater
treatment plant is underway, with expected completion in 1993.
Landfill: The Western Zone of the site has been investigated, as well as the surface
drains. The selected cleanup remedy includes capping of the landfill, leachate
collection and stormwater management. In addition, debris from an adjacent property
will be removed, and that property will be characterized further for possible cleanup; monitoring
of the need for groundwater recovery and treatment will be undertaken; land use will be
restricted; and the need to treat or cap the western portion of the site will be studied. The design
of the technical specifications for the cleanup began in 1990. Construction of the leachate
collection system currently is underway, and completion of the system is scheduled for 1991.
Site Facts: In 1985, an Administrative Order of Consent was signed by the EPA and nine
respondents to perform a study to determine the extent of the contamination. A Consent Decree
was entered into in June 1989 in which the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination agreed to clean up the injection well and the groundwater.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has determined that immediate actions were not required at the Henderson Road site.
Initial groundwater cleanup actions have commenced while the final remedy for groundwater
contamination is being designed and additional remedies are finalized for the Western Zone,
landfill, and surface drain areas of the site.
April! 991 104 HENDERSON ROAD
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HRANICA
LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508618
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Butler County
Buffalo Township
The Hranica Landfill is a 14-acre drum disposal, landfill, and incineration facility located in a
fanning community. The privately-owned landfill operated from 1966 to 1974. The site originally
contained over 7,700 55-gallon drums and larger vessels of waste composed of solvents, paint
pigments, and metal sludges. In 1984, all the drums and contaminated soil were removed from the
site. The area was then capped, graded, and seeded. A subsequent investigation of the site showed
that soil, surface water, and groundwater are contaminated. There are approximately 4,000 people
living within a 3-mile radius of the site, and there are private wells near the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from former site operations. Surface water also is contaminated with
VOCs. In addition to the above contaminants, the soil and surface water also are
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phenols. Prior to the 1984
cleanup operation, a tainted supply of cow's milk was condemned, and nearby springs
were reported to be contaminated. These springs are used for irrigation and as water
supplies for livestock. More recent testing suggests the springs no longer are
contaminated. People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest
contaminated soil or water may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the soil and the groundwater.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, two of the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination removed all the drums and 5,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil. The
excavated areas were covered with soil and then seeded to establish a vegetative cover.
Soil: In 1990, the potentially responsible parties completed a study determining the type
and extent of soil contamination at the site. The EPA has chosen to cap contaminated
areas and repair an existing cap with 2 feet of clay. The design of the remedy is scheduled
Groundwater: An investigation will be conducted into the nature and extent of
contamination in the shallow aquifer. While the shallow aquifer is not productive enough
to be used as a drinking water source, the study will address any groundwater cleanup that
may be necessary.
Site Facts: The EPA and the potentially responsible parties entered into an Administrative Order
in 1987 requiring the potentially responsible parties to conduct a hydrogeological and soil study of
the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing the contaminated drums and soil from the Hranica Landfill site, the potentially
responsible parties and the EPA have reduced the potential of exposure to hazardous wastes. These
actions have made the site safer while further investigations are conducted and a final cleanup
method is being designed.
April 1991 106 HRANICA LANDFILL
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HUNTERSTOW
ROAD
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980830897
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
Adams County
Straban Township
Other Names:
Fred Shealer Property
Westinghouse #2
Site Description
The 3-acre Hunterstown Road site served as the recipient of wastes generated by several local
corporations from 1970 through 1980. Throughout its history, the operation had no permit. The
majority of the waste, consisting of paint sludges and various solvents, was dumped on the site
grounds. A waste lagoon and contaminated soil have been excavated on the site. A fence has been
constructed around the lagoon area. There are several small streams on site. Approximately 9,500
people live in the area and use wells within 3 miles of the site for drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) from wastes dumped on site. Soils are polluted with heavy metals and asbestos.
Possible health threats include accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with
contaminated soils and drinking polluted water.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
107
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1984, a party potentially responsible for the site contamination
excavated a waste lagoon and contaminated soil and transported the materials off site to an
approved facility for disposal. The EPA constructed a fence around the lagoon area and,
in 1985, took on- and off-site soil and water samples. In 1989, buried drums were removed, and the
area was backfilled.
Entire Site: A potentially responsible party is conducting an investigation into the nature
and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation will define the contaminants and
will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. The investigation is planned to be
completed in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to a potentially responsible party,
which addressed excavation of a waste lagoon and contaminated soil and transportation of materials
off site for disposal. In 1985, the EPA and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania signed a multi-site
Cooperative Agreement providing funds for an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. In 1988, a Consent Order was issued between the EPA and a potentially
responsible party to remove contaminated drums.
Environmental Progress
Fencing the site, transporting contaminated materials off site, and removing contaminated drums
have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Hunterstown Road site while
final cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 108 HUNTERSTOWN ROAD
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INDUSTRIAL LANE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508493
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Northampton County
Borders South Easton and the Lehigh
River, 15 miles east of Allentown
Other Names:
Chrin Bros Inc. Landfill
Industrial Lane Landfill
South Easton Site
Site Description
The Industrial Lane site includes a zoned industrial area and a 30-acre sanitary landfill. The Chrin
Landfill began operating as an open dump in 1961. The community of Glendon Borough is located
in the north-western portion of the study area. Lucy's Crossing is located in the southwestern
portion of the study area, and Morgan Hill is situated in the southeastern portion of this area. The
groundwater used by the local residences is obtained from a complex bedrock aquifer. Groundwater
contamination has been documented since 1980. Past industrial uses that may have contributed to
site contamination include iron ore extraction and iron works operations. The Easton City Suburban
Water Authority obtains its raw water from the Delaware River. The intake is located approximately
1 1/2 miles up the Delaware River from the confluence of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers. There
are 1,140 people living within 1 mile of the site. Lucy's Crossing, Glendon Borough, and the
Morgan Hill area contain 152 residences, all located along Industrial Drive. Twenty four private
wells were located in Lucy's Crossing and Glendon. All of the residences along Industrial Drive are
connected to the public water system. 'It is believed that all the residences, upgradient of the site, in
the Morgan Hill area rely upon private wells.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Contaminants detected in groundwater at the Industrial Lane site include the volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) vinyl chloride and benzene from the former disposal
activities. The health threat of concern at this site is the risk associated with potential
exposure to hazardous substances in the groundwater through direct contact, accidental
ingestion, or inhalation.
109
April!991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on providing a safe water
supply and cleanup of the groundwater/source control.
Response Action Status
Water Supply: The State and the EPA conducted a water sampling program of private
wells in the area and investigated the potential sources of groundwater contamination. In
1989, water service lines were installed from the existing street water supply mains to the
24 residences with contaminated or threatened wells.
Groundwater/Source Control: The EPA has completed an investigation into the
nature and extent of the groundwater contamination at the site. The selected remedy for
cleanup of the groundwater and the source of contamination is closure of the unlined
municipal landfill, in accordance with State regulation, and remediation of groundwater to
background levels. The design of the cleanup technologies is expected to begin in 1991.
Site Facts: The owners currently are operating under a State municipal landfill permit and are
negotiating with the State for closure of a portion of the landfill and opening of a new area.
Environmental Progress
By supplying the residences having contaminated or potentially threatened wells in the Industrial
Lane site area with a safe drinking water source, the EPA and the State have greatly reduced the
potential for these residents to be exposed to hazardous materials while the design of the final
cleanup remedy is taking place.
April 1991 110 INDUSTRIAL LANE
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JACKS CREEK/SITKI
SMELTING &
REFINING, IN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980829493
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Mifflin County
In Maitland
Other Names:
Sitkin Smelting
Refining Inc.
Operators smelted and refined scrap metal to make alloys such as brass on the 115-acre Jacks Creek/
Sitkin Smelting & Refining, Inc. site in Maitland, until the facility closed in 1977. The owners left
behind approximately 143,000 tons of mill tailings (smelting wastes) containing lead and other
heavy metals. These are stockpiled next to Jacks Creek. Bankrupted in 1977, Sitkin sold part of its
property to Joseph Krentzman and Son, Inc. for a scrap yard, and the C.I.T. Corp. and the Alabama
Bankruptcy Court own the remainder. In 1984, the EPA detected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
in on-site soil and lead and PCBs in Jacks Creek, which is used for recreational activities. In 1985,
Krentzman proposed to remove the PCB-contaminated soils and encapsulate them elsewhere on the
site. The owner also planned to dismantle the smelters and to arrange for proper disposal. However,
an agreement between this owner and the State was never reached. The Tonolowa Keyser, Old Port,
and Onondaga Formations provide water to private wells that serve approximately 1,000 people
living within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/W88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Preliminary sampling results indicate that lead from the former site operations may be
present in on-site groundwater. On-site soil contains PCBs; the acidity of the soil
enhances lead migration into the groundwater. Jacks Creek contains lead and PCBs.
People using Jacks Creek for recreation could be exposed to chemicals in the water
through accidental ingestion or direct contact.
111
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1991, the EPA built berms on the site to control the erosion of
materials and to prevent contaminants from being washed into Jacks Creek. A liner also
was placed on the mill tailings to contain waste left over from smelting operations.
Entire Site: An intensive investigation of on-site contamination began in 1990. This
study is exploring the nature and extent of the problem and will identify the best strategies
for final cleanup. It is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination submitted a proposal for
cleanup to the State in 1985 to encapsulate and remove PCB-contaminated soils. However, no
agreement was reached. General notice letters were sent out to four parties in May 1990, inviting
them to participate in the site investigations and cleanup.
Environmental Progress
By building berms to control erosion and lining the tailings piles to contain contaminants, the EPA
has reduced the immediate threats to the surrounding residents and the environment at the Jacks
Creek/Sitkin Smelting & Refining, Inc. site while investigations leading to final cleanup activities
take place.
April 1991 112 JACKS CREEK/SITKIN SMELTING
IMP
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KEYSTONE
SANITATION
LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA I D# PAD054 142781
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
Adams County
Union Township
Site Description
The Keystone Sanitation Landfill site covers 40 acres on a former farm that began accepting
municipal waste and industrial construction debris in 1966. The landfill site is situated on a ridge,
and runoff leaves the area in all directions. Tests conducted by the EPA and the State show
groundwater has been contaminated. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
(PADER) is monitoring the site, and the owner voluntarily has begun cleanup actions. Currently,
groundwater is being pumped through one well to the surface, and contaminants are being removed
through an aeration process. The population within a 3-mile radius of the site is approximately
2,300. An estimated 1,700 people draw drinking water from private wells or springs that tap the
contaminated aquifer within 3 miles of the site. One resident is located on site. Others live
approximately 200 yards from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy
metals including chromium and lead from former waste disposal practices. Groundwater
off site is contaminated with chromium, mercury, and VOCs including vinyl chloride and
dichloroethylene. Surface water contains VOCs and heavy metals including mercury,
cyanide, lead chromium, copper, and zinc. Accidentally ingesting or coming in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater may present a health risk.
113
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach _
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site
and off-site groundwater and surface water cleanup.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Keystone completed a study of on-site groundwater contamination. In
1990, the EPA selected the remedy for cleanup of the site, which includes extraction and
treatment of on-site groundwater, installation of an impermeable cap and a gas collection
system to prevent the migration of wastes, construction of a fence to limit access to the site, and
monitoring of the groundwater, surface water, and sediments. The design of the cleanup
technologies is scheduled to begin in 1991.
Off-Site Groundwater and Surface Water: In 1990, the EPA completed a study of
off-site contamination of groundwater. Keystone is expected to continue investigating the
nature and extent of off-site groundwater contamination in 1991. The study also will
address concerns over off-site surface water contamination.
Site Facts: In 1987, Keystone signed a Consent Adjudication with the PADER, which requires
Keystone to investigate and clean up the on-site groundwater contamination and the contaminated
groundwater migrating off site. The state of Maryland also is monitoring the site, because it is close
to the Maryland/Pennsylvania border.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Keystone Sanitation Landfill to the NPL, the EPA conducted an assessment of site
conditions and determined that the site currently does not pose an immediate threat to the public or
the environment. Once further investigations into the groundwater contamination and the selected
remedies are reviewed, final cleanup activities will begin.
April 1991 114 KEYSTONE SANITATION LANDFILL
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KIMBERTO
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID # PAD980691703
REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Chester County
Kimberton Borough, near Philadelphia
Other Names:
Monsey Products
Ciba-Geigy Corporation
Site Description
The Kimberton Site occupies a 1-acre area and encompasses the Monsey Products Company
property and adjacent properties within the surrounding Village of Kimberton. Several buried
lagoons are located on the site and are in close proximity to numerous private water supply wells.
A previous owner operated eight lagoons at the site in which various residues from manufacturing
operations were dumped from 1947 to 1959. During routine water quality testing in 1981, a private
well on the site was found to be contaminated. The EPA's subsequent investigation indicated that
not only was the groundwater contaminated, but also the soil and surface water. The lagoons were
identified as a source of contamination at the site. Approximately 500 people live within a 1-mile
radius of the site. The nearest residence is adjacent to the Kimberton Site. A small stream that
crosses through the site is the discharge point for local groundwater. Less than 1 mile from the site
is French Creek, a public recreation and fishing area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soils, sludge, and sediments were contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including trichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloroethylene. Groundwater is contaminated
with VOCs including TCE, dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. A tributary to French
Creek is contaminated with VOCs. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, sludge, or sediments may be at risk. The
use of French Creek for recreation or consumption of locally caught contaminated fish
may pose a health hazard.
115
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
directed at the water supply and groundwater and surface water cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, Ciba-Geigy and Monsey excavated and removed
contaminated soil and 57 drums. The excavated area was covered with soil and seeded to
establish a vegetative cover.
Water Supply: In 1986, Ciba-Geigy and Monsey Products provided 25 residential and
commercial locations with an alternate source of drinking water. In 1988, the EPA
selected a remedy for groundwater contamination, which included continuing the alternate
water supply as well as installing monitoring wells. The activated carbon systems have been in
place since 1986 and are filtering contaminants from the wells' water. The potentially responsible
parties are constructing an extension of the public water system to the affected residences, which is
scheduled to be completed in mid-1991. The activated carbon systems will be dismantled once the
public water system is extended to all affected residences.
Groundwater and Surface Water: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy for treating
the contaminated groundwater and surface water, which includes pumping the water and
then removing the contaminants by air stripping. The contaminants removed by the air
stripper are further treated prior to releasing the air into the atmosphere. This treatment is expected
to continue for 30 years. The potentially responsible parties are preparing the technical
specifications and design for the cleanup. The design phase is expected to be completed in 1991,
and at that time, the cleanup actions will begin.
Site Facts: In 1986, the State negotiated a Consent Order with the potentially responsible parties.
This Order requires the parties to provide alternate water supplies to affected residences until a
permanent water line can be constructed. Additionally, in 1987, the parties agreed to conduct a
study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site. The parties plan to install a
permanent water line in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and disposal of contaminated soils and drums reduced the threat of further
groundwater contamination. The provision of an alternate safe drinking water source and the
operation of carbon treatment systems for the contaminated groundwater have reduced the potential
for exposure to hazardous materials at the Kimberton Site while the construction of permanent water
lines and the technical design of additional remedies take place.
April 1991 116 KIMBERTON SITE
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LACKAWANNAJj
REFUSE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA 10 # PAD980508667
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Lackawanna County
Between the Borough of Old Forge and
Ransom Township
Other Names:
Lackawana Refuse Removal
Company, Inc.
lacavazzi Landfill
Old Forge Landfill
The Lackawanna Refuse site consists of 258 acres and lies in an area previously used for deep
mining and strip mining of coal. In 1973, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
(PADER) issued a permit for the disposal of municipal and commercial refuse in 3 strip-mine cuts
covering approximately 18 acres. Two of the strip-mine cuts contained commercial and municipal
refuse, and the third contained approximately 15,000 buried drums. Industrial wastes also were
dumped along the site's access road, in a borehole pit, and in a small paint-disposal area. In 1977,
the owner applied for an addendum to the permit for the disposal of sludge. Although the addendum
was authorized in 1978, PADER suspended the solid waste disposal permit later that year, after
discovering that on-site activities included the unauthorized disposal of industrial and hazardous
wastes. In 1980, the EPA excavated 200 drums and sampled 18 others. Leachate flows from the site
into an intermittent stream, drainage ditches, and nearby St. John's Creek, which flows into the
Lackawanna River. The site is located in a rural area of Pennsylvania and is surrounded by
residential, agricultural, and former strip-mining areas. Approximately 9,000 people live within a
1-mile radius of the site. The nearest residences are along the site's eastern border. Local residents
obtain drinking water from a public system that takes water from reservoirs several miles north of
the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with nitrate, heavy metals including arsenic and
cadmium, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from disposal activities at the site.
Off-site groundwater is contaminated with the pesticide dieldrin. Surface water on site is
contaminated with boron, manganese, and methylene chloride. Fish are contaminated
with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), VOCs, and dieldrin. Rabbits are contaminated
with heavy metals including lead and nickel and VOCs. People who accidentally ingest
or come in direct contact with contaminated water and sediments may be at risk. In
addition, eating rabbits and fish with bioaccumulated levels of contaminants may pose a
health threat.
117
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA installed a fence and an access gate around the
pits. Warning signs also were posted around the site.
Entire Site: The remedies selected by the EPA in 1985 to clean up the source of the
contamination include removing the drums and solid waste and excavating contaminated
soil and disposing of the materials in an EPA-approved facility, covering the pits with
synthetic material to prevent rainwater and surface water from coming into contact with buried
wastes, and installing a system to collect leachate. All drums and solid waste have been removed,
and approximately 40,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were excavated and disposed of. The
leachate collection system and the synthetic cover were installed in 1989. The final grading and
seeding of the site were completed in 1990. When treatment of the leachate is finished, slated for
1991, all cleanup activities will be completed.
Site Facts: In 1983, the owners and operators of the site pleaded guilty to failing to notify EPA
that hazardous substances were disposed of, paid a fine, and agreed to use the proceeds from any
sale of the land to help finance cleanup at the site. Two other NPL sites, Taylor Borough and Lehigh
Electric, the latter deleted from the NPL, are located within 3 miles of the Lackawanna Refuse site.
Environmental Progress
The numerous completed cleanup actions at the Lackawanna Refuse site have removed
contaminated materials and have prevented the further spread of contamination. Once final actions
are completed, the EPA will evaluate the site cleanup to ensure that the site no longer poses a threat
to nearby residents or the surrounding environment.
April 1991 118 LACKAWANNA REFUSE
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LANSDOWNE
RADIATION
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980830921
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Delaware County
Borough of Lansdowne
Site Description
The 1/2-acre Lansdowne Radiation site was a duplex housing structure, the basement of which
was used as a laboratory by a chemistry/physics professor from 1924 to 1944. The laboratory
was predominantly used to manufacture radium sources for medical radiation therapy. The
duplex was contaminated with radium and other radionuclides. The radium contamination was
detected in the soil surrounding the duplex structure and was presumed to have migrated onto
properties bordering the duplex. A sewage line also was contaminated. There are approximately
11,000 people living within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal
actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/01/85
Final Date: 09/01/85
Threats and Contaminants
Radiation levels in the duplex exceeded Federal guidelines. Radioactive
contamination had migrated to the sewer line from the duplex. Specific
contaminants detected in soil surrounding the duplex included radium, radon gas,
and radon decay products. Radioactive contamination had migrated to soil at the
edge of the avenue where the duplex is located. Threats to human health included
direct contact with radioactive materials. Air migration of contaminants also was
of concern.
119
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
x Emergency Actions: In 1984, the EPA and the Federal Emergency Management
'g^ Agency (FEMA) temporarily relocated residents of the duplex and most of their
uncontaminated personal belongings. The EPA installed a fire and burglar alarm and a
fire sprinkler system. The EPA shipped 289 truckloads of radiation-contaminated wastes for
disposal in Utah. All threats to the nearby residents have been alleviated.
Entire Site: The final selection of cleanup technologies to address radiation
contamination included dismantling of the duplex, packing and sealing of radioactive
materials in approved containers and disposal at an approved facility off site,
excavation and removal of contaminated soil located in and around the house, excavation of the
sewer line and replacement of 243 feet of sewer line, and revegetation of the vacant property lot.
The EPA completed these actions, and the site is slated for deletion from the NPL in 1991.
Site Facts: A notice of intent to delete the site was published in the Federal Register in March
1991.
Environmental Progress
The Lansdowne Radiation Site has been dismantled and cleaned up within State and Federal
guidelines, and all radioactive materials have been removed from the site. The area once again is
safe for the surrounding population, and the site is in the process of deletion from the NPL.
April 1991 120 LANSDOWNE RADIATION SITE
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LEHIGH ELE
AND ENGIN
COMPANY
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980712731
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Lackawanna County
Borough of Old Forge
Site Description
The 5 1/2-acre Lehigh Electric and Engineering Company site operated as part of a coal
processing facility. From the mid-1970s until 1981, the site served as an electrical equipment
repair and storage yard. About 4,000 transformers and capacitors were stored at the facility
where indiscriminate handling and disposal of dielectric fluids containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) occurred. The Lackawanna River is located less than 1,000 feet downslope of
the site. Contamination of the groundwater and the Lackawanna River was possible because the
PCB-contaminated soil located on site is highly permeable, and the site is located in the river's
flood plain. Groundwater is used for agricultural purposes, but no residents within a 3-mile
radius of the site rely on groundwater as a source of drinking water. The site is adjacent to a
residential area where approximately 150 people live.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 03/07/86
Threats and Contaminants
Electrical equipment and debris on site were contaminated with PCBs. EPA
investigations also revealed high concentrations of PCBs in on-site soil. Human
health was threatened by ingestion, direct contact, and inhalation of PCB-
contaminated soils and contact with PCB-contaminated equipment. There also
was a risk associated with the ingestion of PCB-contaminated fish, game, or other
biota.
121
April!991
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Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: This site was cleaned up in two stages: Phase I involved the removal of
transformers, transformer contents, and surface debris from the site; Phase n addressed
the removal of contaminated soils and buildings from the site. In 1981, the EPA
fenced the site and analyzed soil and water samples. In 1982, the EPA completed the removal of
all surface equipment and debris. In 1984, the EPA completed the removal of PCB-
contaminated soil, the excavation of additional soil, demolition of on-site buildings, backfilling,
grading, and vegetating of the site. In 1986, the EPA deleted this site from the NPL.
Site Facts: Two other NPL Sites, Taylor Borough and Lackawanna Refuse, are located within
3 miles of the Lehigh Electric and Engineering company site.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities have been completed at the Lehigh Electric and Engineering Company site.
Contaminated soils, buildings, and debris have been removed and the site has been restored to
safety levels. As a result of these cleanup activities, the EPA, in conjunction with the State has
deleted the Lehigh Electric and Engineering Company facility from the NPL.
April 1991 122 LEHIGH ELECTRIC AND
ENGINEERING COMPANY
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LETTERKENNY
{PROPERTY Dl
OFFICE AREA)
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PA2210090054
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Franklin County
2 miles north of Chambersburg
Other Names:
Property Disposal Office Area
Site Description
The Letterkenny Army Depot (Property Disposal Office Area) site covers 250 acres of the
19,520-acre facility north of Chambersburg. From 1947 to the present, operations at the site
have included the maintenance, overhaul, and rebuilding of wheeled and tracked vehicles and
missiles. These operations have involved the use of large quantities of chlorinated organic
solvents and cleaning agents. Some wastes from these operations have been stored and disposed
of in the Property Disposal Office (PDO) area by landfilling and spreading wastes on open
ground areas. Other areas of suspected contamination are the drum storage area, oil burn pit,
trash burning pits on the site, and possibly, adjacent landfills. An estimated 17,000 people reside
within 5 miles of the site. No effects on residential or other areas located near the site have been
reported, except for Rocky Spring Lake, which has not been used for recreational purposes since
the discovery of contamination in 1983. However, fishing, swimming, and boating activities
were taking place in the lake prior to 1983.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/01/85
Final Date: 03/13/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater beneath the PDO area and surface water, including Rocky Spring
Lake, are contaminated with chlorinated organic chemicals including chloroform
and trichloroethylene (TCE), according to tests conducted by the Army. Soils
have been contaminated by xylene, heavy metals, chloroform, and organic
compounds. No residential wells have been found to be contaminated by this site.
Individuals may be at risk if they drink, come in direct contact with, or inhale
vapors from the contaminated waters.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the
drum storage revetments and of the groundwater.
123
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1990, the Army cleaned up the fire training area based on
contamination found during site studies.
Drum Storage Revetments: Measures are being taken by the Department of
Defense (DoD) to select cleanup actions that will control the sources of contamination
in this area. A comprehensive study to determine the extent of contamination and to
identify alternative technologies at the site is underway. This study began in 1989 and includes
an investigation of contamination at the drum storage area, oil burn pit, and trash burning pits.
The study has been completed, and the proposed cleanup remedies and technologies will be
evaluated to select the final cleanup strategy for site contamination.
Groundwater: A study is underway to characterize the level and extent of
contamination of the groundwater. The investigation is scheduled for completion in
1992, at which time the final cleanup strategy will be selected.
Site Facts: On February 3,1989, the EPA, the State, and the Army entered into an Interagency
Agreement covering comprehensive cleanup and compliance activities at the base. The site is
participating in the Installation Restoration Program a specially funded program established by
the DoD in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at
military and other DoD facilities. The Southeast Area of the Letterkenny Army Depot is listed
separately on the NPL.
Environmental Progress
The Army is planning to accelerate the selection of the remedy to control the source of
contamination at the drum storage revetments area. Investigations into the other areas of concern
and the cleanup alternatives are currently taking place.
April 1991 124 LETTERKENNY ARMY DEPOT
nFFirp ARFAI
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LETTERKENNY^
ARMY DEPOT;
(SOUTHEAST
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID#PA6213820503
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Franklin County
2 miles north of Chambersburg
Other Names:
Letterkenny Army Depot (Lead)
Site Description
The Letterkenny Army Depot (Southeast Area) covers 170 acres of the 19,520 acres occupied by
the military facility, which is located 2 miles north of Chambersburg. The site was established in
1942 as an ammunition storage facility. From 1947 to the present, operations at the site have
included the maintenance, overhaul, and rebuilding of wheeled and tracked vehicles and
missiles. These operations have taken place primarily in the southeastern corner of the depot
known as the Southeast Industrial Area and in the East Patrol Road Disposal Area. The
operations have employed large quantities of chlorinated organic solvents and cleaning agents.
Wastes from the operations have been disposed of in the same areas by landfilling, by burying in
trenches, and by spreading wastes on the surface. Approximately 17,000 people live within 5
miles of the site. Wells that supplied 44 homes located nearby are contaminated with wastes
migrating from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater beneath the Southeast Industrial Area of the depot, as well as
beneath an off-depot area of approximately 4,000 acres, extending at least 21/2
miles to the east of the depot, is contaminated with chlorinated organic chemicals.
Soil has been found to be contaminated with chlorinated organic chemicals,
including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Individuals may be at risk if they
accidentally ingest, inhale, or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil. Additional residential wells potentially could become
contaminated.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the K areas and of the entire site.
125
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The Army supplied 44 residences with bottled water and
subsequently, from the summer of 1987 until 1989, connected the homes to the
Guildford Water Authority public water system. The Army completed preliminary
studies that resulted in closing the on-site waste lagoons under a closure plan to eliminate the
source of contamination.
K Areas: A more complete study to determine the extent of contamination from the
former drum storage area and to identify alternative technologies for the cleanup was
started in 1989. Dye tracer studies were used to determine characteristics of the
geology and groundwater movement under the site. The study was completed in 1990, and a
decision on cleanup alternatives is expected in 1991.
Entire Site: A second investigation was started in 1989 to study other possible
disposal areas on site, which includes soil sampling and geophysical testing.
Site Facts: The Army, the EPA, and the State have entered into an Interagency Agreement that
covers all cleanup activities at the site. Letterkenny Army Depot is participating in the
Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of
Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous
contaminants at military and other DoD facilities. A portion of the Letterkenny Army Depot,
referred to as the Property Disposal Office Area (PDO), also is listed on the NPL.
Environmental Progress
By supplying the affected residences with a safe alternate water supply and closing the waste
lagoons, the Army has greatly reduced the potential for the nearby population to be exposed to
the contamination sources. Further studies leading to the final selection of remedies for the other
affected areas at the Letterkenny Army Depot (Southeast Area) are taking place.
April 1991 126 USA LETTERKENNY ARMY DEPOT
(SOUTHEAST AREA)
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LINDANE DU
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980712798
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 20
Allegheny County
Harrison Township
Other Names:
Pennwalt LJndane Dump
Alsco Community Park
Site Description
The Lindane Dump site consists of a recreational park about 14-acres in size and a 43 1/2-acre
lower project zone that includes a closed landfill area. About 400 tons of powdered lindane
pesticide waste and other industrial waste were dumped at the site from 1900 to 1950. Industrial
waste dumping continued after the sale of the property in 1965. In 1976, a portion of the site
was donated by the owner to Harrison Township for use as a park area. In 1984, the park was
closed due to site contamination and Pennwalt, one of the parties potentially responsible for the
site contamination, assumed responsibility of the site. There are approximately 13,000 people
living within a mile of the site. Residents near the site obtain water from a municipal system that
draws water from the Allegheny River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Continuous leaching of pesticide residues from the landfill is contaminating the
groundwater and surrounding soil. Accidentally ingesting or coming in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, or leachate can pose health risks.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
127
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Initial Action: A leachate treatment system has been installed and activated to
control the spread of pesticide residues.
Entire Site: The State and the potentially responsible parties currently are
conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
The investigation will define the contaminants and will recommend alternatives for the
final cleanup. Field work is completed, and a proposed plan for cleanup is expected to be issued
in late 1991, with a final decision on site cleanup planned for 1992.
Site Facts: In 1983, the State and Pennwalt, a potentially responsible party, agreed to conduct
a leachate treatability study to evaluate short- and long-term treatment and disposal alternatives.
Environmental Progress
The leachate treatment system has reduced the further spread of contaminated materials from the
Lindane Dump site while the State and the potentially responsible parties continue conducting
intensive studies, which will lead to the selection of a final cleanup remedy.
April 1991
128
LINDANE DUMP
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LORD-
SHOPE LAN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508931
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 21
Erie County
17 miles west of Erie
Other Names:
Shope Melvin Property
Site Description
An estimated 4 million cubic feet of waste were disposed of on the privately owned 5-acre Lord-
Shope Landfill site between 1959 and 1979. Wastes deposited on the landfill site consisted
principally of debris, but included rubber scrap, organic and inorganic chemicals, solvents,
cooling oils, acids, and caustic agents. Land use in the immediate vicinity includes agricultural
areas, a golf course, orchards, vineyards, and wooded areas. The nearest residences are situated
several hundred feet from the site. Approximately 125 people reside within a mile of the site,
and about 5,700 people live within 3 miles of the contamination area. Elk Creek, into which site
runoff discharges, has a water intake located approximately 4,800 feet downstream of the
contamination area. The water from this intake is used to irrigate food crops.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Due to the spillage or disposal of liquid wastes, the soils and landfill materials are
contaminated. Leaching of contaminants has caused pollution of the groundwater
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and various heavy metals including
lead. Sediments of a nearby stream are contaminated with low-level VOCs,
barium, and arsenic. Arsenic and copper have been identified in off-site surface
water, although not at significant levels. Long-term risks are posed by the
potential for consumption of contaminated groundwater. Currently, there are no
drinking water wells in the area of contamination. Direct contact with landfill
materials and soil is limited by the cap and revegetation.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
129
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, a party potentially responsible for the site
contamination removed exposed drums, placed 20,000 gallons of leachate into drums
and removed them, regraded and capped the landfill with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
liner, and installed a subsurface slurry wall to divert groundwater from coming in contact with
contaminated materials in the landfill.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected the remedy for cleanup of the entire site,
which includes removal of VOCs from landfill materials and surrounding soils through
in-situ vapor stripping, extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater by pre-
treatment of iron and other metals and air stripping for removal of VOCs, and discharge of
treated groundwater to a nearby tributary of Eli; Creek. The design of the cleanup technologies
is scheduled to begin in 1991.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1982 between the potentially responsible parties
and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER) to perform some
immediate cleanup actions at the site. A second Consent Order was signed in 1987, under which
the potentially responsible parties were required to conduct studies at the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous materials and drums and regrading and capping of the landfill have
eliminated the immediate sources of exposure to contamination, making the Lord-Shope Landfill
safer while cleanup activities are being conducted.
April 1991 130 LORD-SHOPE LANDFILL
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MALVERN T
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD014353445
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Chester County
Malvern
Other Names:
Chemclene Corporation
Site Description
The Malvem TCE site covers 2 acres in a wooded area and operates as a solvent reclamation facility.
This site is a federally regulated hazardous waste facility. From 1952 to 1976, drums containing
various wastes were dumped into pits on the site. Two drum disposal areas were found to contain
approximately 300 drums. There are approximately 14,000 people living within a 3-mile radius of
the site. The nearest residence is 350 feet away. There are 30 homes that draw drinking water from
the contaminated groundwater.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) from past drum disposal
practices. Soil is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). People who
accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater may be at
risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
131
April! 991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: All the buried drums and some of the contaminated soil have been
removed. The owner of the site provided carbon filters to residences with contaminated
wells and fenced the pits.
Entire Site: Chemclene, the potentially responsible party, is studying the type and extent
of contamination at the site. The study, planned for completion in 1991, will provide
alternatives for the cleanup. Since the facility is a Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA)-regulated facility, RCRA enforcement is now handling the site. Because the
investigation of the facility will be conducted under RCRA corrective action, the EPA will initiate
procedures to remove the site from the NPL.
Site Facts: In December 1988, the EPA and Chemclene signed a Consent Order, in which
Chemclene agreed to conduct a study and to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Malvern TCE site to the NPL, the EPA performed a preliminary evaluation and
determined that, as a result of the early actions to remove contaminated drums and soil and provide
water filtration to affected residents, no other immediate actions were required to reduce the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials while the investigation leading to the selection of a
final cleanup remedy for the site is taking place.
April 1991 132 MALVERN TCE
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MCADOO
ASSOCIATES
PENNSYLVANI
EPAID#PAD980712616"
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Schuylkill County
Borough of McAdoo and
Kline Township
Other Names:
McAdoo Associates and E. L. Player
Site Description
The McAdoo Associates site consists of two areas approximately 1 1/3 miles apart. One area, in the
Borough of McAdoo, covers about 1/5 of an acre. The other, in Kline Township, covers 8 acres.
From 1884 until 1969, the site was mined for anthracite coal. In 1975, the property was acquired by
McAdoo Associates. Wastes were stored at these sites from 1978 until 1979, when the State
revoked McAdoo's permit to operate. At that time, the McAdoo Borough facility had five
underground storage tanks that contained hazardous substances. The Kline Township area, used as a
metal reclamation and incineration facility, consisted of approximately 7,000 drums and six
aboveground tanks. Approximately 5,100 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with heavy metals and low levels of various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from the former waste storage practices. People who come into
direct contact with contaminated soils may be at risk.
133
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and groundwater and off-site surface water cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1980, the site owner removed the incinerator, the buildings,
and three temporary underground storage tanks and sampled the soil. In 1982, the owner
removed all surface wastes and visibly contaminated soil to a federally regulated off-site
facility. Between 1988 and 1989, the last remaining tank and surface debris were removed. Soil
sampling and a mine subsidence study also were conducted.
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA chose a remedy to clean up the site, which included:
removing all surface tanks; excavating contaminated soil, then backfilling the excavated
area with clean topsoil; and constructing diversion ditches to prevent off-site surface water
from draining into the site. Once the excavation is completed, the potentially responsible parties will
backfill the area with clean material, and the site will be capped. Cleanup activities at the site started
in 1988, with all work scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Groundwater and Off-Site Surface Water: In 1990, the EPA began an investigation
into the nature and extent of any contamination in the groundwater or off-site surface
water. The study is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the potentially responsible
parties signed a Consent Decree, under which the parties agreed to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
The initial removal of contaminated materials and soil reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the McAdoo Associates site, while ongoing investigations and cleanup
activities address the remaining contamination areas and restore the site to safety levels.
April! 991 134 MCADOO ASSOCIATES
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METAL BANKS
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD046557096
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Philadelphia County
Philadelphia, next to the
Delaware River
Other Names:
Cottman Avenue Site
Site Description
The Metal Banks site occupies 6 acres next to the Delaware River in an industrial section of
Philadelphia. From 1968 to 1972, Metal Bank of America, Inc. drained oil contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from used transformers to reclaim copper parts. When the U.S.
Coast Guard traced periodic oil slicks in the river to the site in 1972, the company carried out
cleanup activities to prevent oil releases; however, oil containing PCBs again seeped from the
site in 1977. A 1978 study by the Coast Guard revealed that up to 20,000 gallons of PCB-
contaminated oil lay in groundwater under the site and was leaking into the Delaware River. Oil
was in one underground tank that had ruptured and leaked. The tank was drained, cleaned, and
filled with concrete in 1981. Two million people living within 3 miles of the site are supplied
with drinking water from either the Delaware river via a public water supply system or
groundwater sources via private wells. The nearest residence is 200 feet away, and the nearest
well is 2 miles from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
PCB-contaminated oil from former disposal practices has penetrated to the
groundwater under the site. PCB-contaminated oil is seeping into the Delaware
River via the groundwater. Recreational boaters may be at risk from direct
contact with contaminated surface water and sediments. Recreational fisherman
may be at risk from consuming contaminated fish. Wetlands may be affected by
PCBs seeping from the site area.
135
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under EPA orders, the owner began recovering contaminated
oil from the groundwater in 1981; the process was completed in 1989, although oil
remains in the subsurface. The remaining oil is not recoverable using the previously
approved pump and treat system.
Entire Site: Further study of contamination at the site will be conducted by some of
the potentially responsible parties. The investigation, which will explore the nature
and extent of site problems and recommend strategies for final cleanup has begun and
is expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA sued Metal Bank of America for cleanup in 1980, and the company began
recovering the oil-contaminated groundwater in 1981. After the EPA sued the owner, Metal
Bank and the EPA entered into a 1983 agreement requiring that the company install and maintain
a groundwater recovery system. By 1988, the EPA identified 20 additional potentially
responsible parties. In December 1988, litigation commenced regarding Metal Bank's claim that
the 1983 stipulation requirements had been met, thus ending the company's liability at the site.
The EPA did not concur with this finding and in November 1989, the court ruled in favor of the
EPA. In May 1991, the EPA and 10 potentially responsible parties signed an Administrative
Consent Order requiring the parties to perform investigations at the site. Metal Bank chose not
to join the group signing the Consent Order.
Environmental Progress
The process used to pump and treat the oil-contaminated groundwater, although not entirely
effective, is helping to reduce the levels of contamination (it has collected approximately 4,200
gallons of PCB-contaminated oil) while studies are underway to identify a permanent treatment
alternative for the Metal Banks site.
April! 991 136 METAL BANKS
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MIDDLETOWN
AIR FIELD
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980538763
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Dauphin County
8 miles southeast of Harrisburg
Other Names:
Olmstead Air Force Base
Harrisburg International Airport
Until 1966, the Federal Government owned and operated the Middletown Air Field as the Olmstead
Air Force Base. The site encompasses approximately 200 acres between Middletown and Highspire.
Aircraft workers generated solvent and other industrial wastes while maintaining, overhauling, and
testing aircraft. They disposed of some of these wastes on the site. Now privately and
Commonwealth-owned, die property houses Harrisburg International Airport, the Mead Heights
area, and several industrial properties. The site lies next to the Susquehanna River and near Swatara
Creek. In 1983, discovery of volatile organic compound (VOC)-contamination in 2 of 10 water
supply wells resulted in their closure. A water treatment system was installed by the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation and the U.S. Air Force, under an agreement with the EPA. This action
has returned all of the wells to potable use. The site is located in a mixed residential and industrial
area. The water supply on the site provides water to about 3,500 full-time users, as well as to airline
travelers and industrial users. Approximately 19,500 people obtain drinking water from wells within
3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Wells, groundwater, and soils are contaminated with VOCs including trichloroethylene
(TCE) and heavy metals, such as lead. Drinking contaminated groundwater could pose a
threat, although this threat virtually has been eliminated by groundwater treatment
Accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated soil also pose health risks.
137
ApriJ1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on groundwater cleanup and source control.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the State removed all sludge and liquids in the waste
distribution building, closed the fire training pits, and removed all contaminated materials
from the location. The same year, the Air Force removed some waste drums from the
Mead Heights area.
Groundwater: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy for cleaning up groundwater
supplied by the Harrisburg International Airport system. It features: (1) providing a
potable water supply; (2) building a central treatment plant; (3) pumping groundwater and
air stripping it of contaminants by exposing it to air, and (4) monitoring groundwater. These cleanup
activities were conducted by the potentially responsible parties. Construction of the groundwater
pumping and treating system was completed in 1990.
Source Control: Three disposal areas have been identified as possible sources of
groundwater contamination at the site. The EPA began an intensive study of these areas in
early 1988, exploring the nature and extent of the problem at each area. The investigation,
was completed in 1990. EPA proposed a plan to control the source of contamination through deed
and land use restrictions, monthly groundwater monitoring, and further investigations.
Site Facts: The Air Force is cooperating with the EPA under the Installation Restoration Program,
a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The immediate removal of contaminated materials and the closing of the fire training pits at the
Middletown Air Field, as well as the treatment of contaminated wells to ensure a safe drinking water
source, have made the site safer while final cleanup remedies are being planned.
April 1991 138 MIDDLETOWN AIR FIELD
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MILL CREEK
DUMP
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980231690
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 21
Erie County
Millcreek Township,
2 miles west of Erie
Other Names:
Fuchs Landfill
Harbor Drive Dump
Site Description
Mill Creek Dump is an 84 1/2-acre site comprised of a former freshwater wetland that was used
as a dump for foundry sands, solvents, bulk liquids, and other industrial and municipal wastes.
Over a period of 40 years, all but 4 acres of the marsh were filled. For a time, the operators
reclaimed metals from foundry sands and excavated a deep pond to supply the wash water. The
site includes four adjacent parcels of land, each with a separate owner. The site is flat and
partially wooded and includes a portion of Marshall's Run, as well as the former wetland. Junk
vehicles, leveled buildings, and abandoned machinery are scattered on the surface. The
surrounding area is commercial and residential. An estimated 2,000 people work or live within
2,500 feet of the site. Nearby are a State Park, an airport, and woodlands. Hunters and children
have been observed on the landfill.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the
former waste disposal practices. Soil and sediments contain high levels of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
heavy metals. Coming in direct contact with, inhaling, or ingesting contaminated
materials present a health risk. The nearby contaminated wetland lies within
flood plains. Contaminated groundwater, soils, sediments, and surface water
drain into Lake Erie.
139
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the EPA undertook these cleanup actions at the site: (1) built
fences and gates across access roads; (2) demolished sheds on site; (3) crushed 600 clean,
empty drums and sent them to a metals recycling facility; (4) removed 100 drums of
hazardous liquids, 70 to be landfilled and 30 to be incinerated at EPA-approved facilities; and (5)
stored 364 drums filled with non-hazardous material in the northeast corner of the site. In 1986, the
EPA also put up 1,820 feet of wire-mesh fence in eight locations, installed a gate, and posted
warning signs.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy for the site that features: (1) excavating
contaminated soil and consolidating it under a cap to keep rainfall and runoff from
spreading pollution; (2) covering remaining low-level contaminated soil with clean soil;
(3) building retention ponds for managing surface and flood waters; (4) planting the soil cover and
cap; (5) installing additional monitoring wells; and (6) pumping and treating the groundwater.
Construction of groundwater collection trenches began in 1990. Construction of the groundwater
treatment system began in early 1991. Design of a soil cap began in early 1991, and construction of
the soil cap is targeted for spring of 1992.
Environmental Progress
The numerous initial actions taken at the Mill Creek Dump site by the EPA, such as fencing and
removing hazardous substances, have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the site.
Cleanup actions are well underway and will ultimately reduce the contaminants at the site to safety
levels.
April 1991 140 MILL CREEK DUMP
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MODERN SAN
LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980539068
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
York County
York
Other Names:
Modern Sanitation
The 72-acre Modern Sanitation Landfill site once was a farm that was used as a landfill for open
domestic dumping since the 1940s and reportedly had received hazardous wastes between 1976
and 1979. The EPA and the State performed tests that indicated contamination from toxic
organic chemicals in the groundwater under the site. Similar contaminants have been detected in
springs adjacent to the landfill and in some private wells near the site. The current operator and
the State are working on cleanup strategies for collecting and treating the contaminated
groundwater on the western edge of the landfill. Between 1,000 and 3,000 people draw drinking
water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The nearest residence is 10 feet from the site; 800
people live within 1 mile and 2,400 within 3 miles of the site. There are 273 wells within 1 mile;
the nearest well is 1/2 mile away.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, surface water, and soils are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including benzene and chloroform from poor disposal
practices at the landfill. Private wells contain site-related contaminants. People
who accidentally ingest or come into direct contact with contaminated
groundwater, surface water or soil may be at risk. A drainage ditch into Kreutz
Creek receives the outfall from an active leachate and groundwater treatment
system on the site. The creek is stocked seasonally with trout. The possibility
exists of the bioaccumulation of contaminants in fish, livestock, and crops.
Groundwater and surface water are used to irrigate crops and provide water to
grazing livestock.
141
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Owners of contaminated wells near the site currently are using
an alternate water supply. A leachate collection system, which is designed to divert
groundwater to an on-site treatment system, was put on the site. The system was
redesigned and currently is active and collecting leachate. Groundwater extraction wells remove
contaminated groundwater from the site. The groundwater is treated on site and discharged to a
tributary of Kreutz Creek. Further analysis will determine the ultimate effectiveness of the
system and whether additional actions are required to address contaminated leachate.
Entire Site: Under a State order, Waste Management, Inc. is conducting an intensive
study of contamination at the site. The study will also recommend the best strategies
for final cleanup and is scheduled to be completed in 1991. At this time, the EPA will
review the findings of the site investigations and select a final cleanup strategy for the site.
Waste Management also is slated to undertake design and cleanup actions scheduled to begin in
1992, including capping the site and continuation of the groundwater and leachate treatment
systems.
Environmental Progress
The initial actions described above have provided a safe water supply to affected residents and
have limited contamination migration from the site. The EPA has determined that the Modern
Sanitation Landfill site currently does not pose an immediate threat to the nearby residents or the
environment as additional studies are undertaken to identify site contamination and cleanup
options.
ApriM991 142 MODERN SANITATION LANDBLL
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MOVERS LA
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508766
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
In Collegeville, near Eagleville
Site Description
From 1940 to 1981, the 44-acre Moyers Landfill accepted an unknown quantity of municipal,
sewage, and industrial wastes. Solid and liquid hazardous wastes thought to have included
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), solvents, paints, low-level radioactive wastes, and incinerated
materials were disposed of at the landfill site. The State closed the landfill in 1981, and it was
brought into receivership of the U.S. District Court. Skipjack Creek, which was contaminated from
site activities, and other small tributaries drain the site. Leachate overflows continuously from
several collection pits located on the property. Soil was placed over the landfill and, following
closure, additional cover soil was spread over the landfill. The waste mound also was reshaped to
improve drainage; however, erosion exposed waste materials in some areas. Gfoundwater
discharges from the downgradient "toe" of the landfill and along the steep slope beyond the landfill.
The area is agricultural and residential. Evansburg State Park borders the site, and large residential
developments lie within 1 mile. The distance to the nearest residence and well is approximately 300
feet. Approximately 760 people live within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
On- and off-site groundwater, leachates, and soil are contaminated with heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from former waste disposal practices. The surface
water is polluted with VOCs. PCBs have been found in the trout in the surrounding
streams. Leachate and affected sediments contain substantial levels of contaminants and
therefore may pose risks to individuals who accidentally ingest, inhale, or come into
direct contact with them. Drinking contaminated groundwater or consuming
contaminated trout also may pose significant threats.
143
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy for controlling the source of the
pollution. It includes: (1) grading and leveling the site; (2) constructing retaining walls at
highly erodable areas; (3) capping the site with a low-permeability soil; (4) installing a gas
vent system that prevents accumulating gas from rupturing the cap; (5) collecting surface runoff and
discharging it directly into the creek; (6) installing a leachate collection and removal system; (7)
treating collected leachate and discharging it into the creek; and (8) continuing to monitor
groundwater and surface waters. The engineering design for the cleanup remedy, undertaken by the
Army Corps of Engineers, was completed in 1989. Cleanup activities also began in 1989, and final
cleanup is slated to conclude in 1993.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA assessed conditions at the Movers Landfill and
determined that no immediate actions presently were needed while cleanup activities are underway.
April 1991 144 MOVERS LANDFILL
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MW MANUF
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980691372
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Montour County
Valley Township, 2 miles north
of Danville
Other Names:
Domino Salvage Yard
Domino Salvage—Warehouse #81
The 15-acre MW Manufacturing site was a recovery operation for scrap wire, but currently does not
operate in that capacity. The main building is being used as a storage facility, and a smaller building
is occupied by a metal fabrication operation, unrelated to present or former site owners. The
recovery process, which broke the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulation around the wire into granular
black carbon, also helped dissolve heavy metals like lead, zinc, and copper into the waste materials.
Workers then treated the freed copper wire with chlorinated solvents. The spent solvent apparently
was dumped on the site. MW Manufacturing, the first owner, used both mechanical and chemical
processes and went bankrupt in the early 1970s. The current owner, Warehouse 81, Inc., used a
mechanical process. Waste accumulation on the site consists of an 86,000-gallon surface
impoundment, 32,000 cubic yards of finely divided scrap wire called "fluff," a buried underground
tank, and 13,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil. While the mechanical process generated the most
fluff, the chemical processes were responsible for the biggest environmental impact. The area is
agricultural and residential. Within a mile of the site are homes, motels, gas stations, restaurants,
and a school. About 5,200 people live within a 3-mile radius; 1,500 live within 1 mile. Area
residents use groundwater wells for drinking; about 320 wells lie within 3 miles of the site. Mauses
Creek, a trout stream, flows to the south of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, sediments, surface water, and soil are contaminated with various
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The groundwater also is contaminated with heavy
metals including lead. Possible health risks include direct contact with the carbon waste
pile, inhaling contaminated dusts or VOCs from the waste pile, or accidentally ingesting
the contaminated groundwater. Trout in Mauses Creek also are threatened by site
contaminants.
145
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater, the carbon waste pile, and the "fluff pile."
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA fenced the site and, as a precaution, temporarily
provided bottled drinking water to a local school in 1985. When additional sampling
confirmed that the well was not contaminated, the supply of bottled water was
discontinued.
Groundwater: A study is underway to characterize the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination. It is scheduled for completion in 1992, at which time, final
cleanup remedy will be selected.
Carbon Waste Pile: The EPA considered the cleanup of this contamination source to be
of primary urgency. In 1990, the carbon waste pile was excavated and incinerated at an
off-site incinerator. Approximately 300 drums of carbon wastes contaminated with PCBs
remain on site and will be incinerated as soon as arrangements can be made.
"Fluff Pile": In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy for the cleanup of the fluff pile, which
entails excavation of the fluff pile wastes and underlying soils, on-site burning of the
wastes and soils, and disposing of the incinerator ash in an EPA-approved hazardous
landfill. Engineering designs began in 1990, and cleanup activities are slated to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: The State has investigated the site since the late 1960s and has issued orders for
cleanup since 1971. At present, there is a Consent Order to clean up the site. The present owner,
Warehouse 81 Ltd. Partnership, has removed and disposed of some of the hazardous waste and has
processed some of the fluff.
Environmental Progress
By fencing the site and providing bottled water to local students, the EPA reduced the threat of
exposure to contaminants from the MW Manufacturing site while investigations were being
completed. Studies of the groundwater contamination at the site are now underway, and cleanup
activities will bring contamination levels at this site to acceptable levels.
April 1991 146 MW MANUFACTURING
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NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT
CENTER (8 WAJ
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PA6170024545
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Bucks County
Warmmster
The Naval Air Development Center (8 Waste Areas) site covers 734 acres in Warminster.
Commissioned in 1944, its main mission is research, development, testing, and evaluation for
naval aircraft systems. The Naval Air Development Center (NADC) also conducts studies in
anti-submarine warfare systems and software development. Wastes are generated during aircraft
maintenance and repair, pest control, firefighting training, machine and plating shop operations,
spray painting, and various materials research and testing activities in laboratories. These wastes
include paints, solvents, sludges from industrial wastewater treatment, and waste oils. The main
areas of concern at NADC are eight waste areas covering more than 2 acres. The nearest
population center involves the residents living on the base. The closest civilian home is about
200 feet from the base. The waste areas potentially affect the Stockton Formation Aquifer,
which provides water for more than 100,000 people within 3 miles of the site. Local surface
water bodies are used for recreation and industrial purposes. All surface waters run to the
Delaware River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Dale: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The EPA found the groundwater to be contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including methylene chloride and toluene. The soil also is
contaminated with VOCs, petrochemicals (such as chrysene and fluorine), and
petrochemical sludges, lead, and waste oils. Nearby residents risk exposure
through direct contact with contaminated soil and groundwater. Residential wells
sampled in 1984 showed the presence of some VOCs, but these were not detected
when the wells were resampled later that year. People using the unpaved road on
site could be exposed to contaminants through accidental ingestion or direct
contact with soils or waste or through inhaling contaminated air.
147
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in eight long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the Waste
Bum Pit and seven other waste areas of the site.
Response Action Status
Waste Burn Pit: Soil samples, groundwater samples, electromagnetic surveys, and
soil gas surveys were done to determine the extent of contamination at the waste burn
pit. The Navy is conducting an intensive study of this area in two separate phases:
Phase I is identifying the need for immediate action, confirming site boundaries, and adding to
the hydrogeologic database; Phase II determines the type and extent of groundwater and surface
water contamination, evaluates groundwater flow, and ascertains possible remedial alternatives.
The investigations will explore the nature and extent of contaminants and will pinpoint the most
effective strategies for cleanup. The study for the first phase began in 1989 and has been
completed. The Phase II study has begun and is expected to be completed in 1991. Based on the
results of these studies, a final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Other Waste Areas: Similar actions are planned for the seven remaining
contamination areas at the NADC site, including two sludge disposal pit areas,
landfills located north and south of the runway, additional waste burn and disposal
pits, and the fire training area. The investigations will entail mapping VOCs in soil gas and
studies of electromagnetic conductivity and metallic anomalies to detect metal contamination
areas. Approximate site boundaries will be identified and confirmation of site contamination
will be made through soil borings, installation of new overburden and shallow bedrock
monitoring wells, groundwater sampling and analysis, and surface water and sediment
monitoring. In addition, the Navy intends to sample air quality in base housing and buildings
adjacent to several contamination areas and will evaluate the potential for releases of
contaminated air. Investigations at all areas now are underway.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA submitted a draft Interagency Agreement to the Navy for
formalizing and scheduling remedial activities. Regional EPA and Navy officials are negotiating
its contents. NADC is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded
program established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and
control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
After adding the USN Naval Air Development Center site to the NPL, preliminary evaluations were
performed, which showed that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the public or the
environment while studies leading to the selection of a final remedy are taking place.
April 1991 148 NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER
(8 WASTE AREAS)
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NORTH PEN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD096834494
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
Souderton
Other Names:
Gentle Cleaners
Granite Hosiery Mills. Inc.
Granite Knitting Mills, Inc.
The North Penn-Area 1 site is one of six NPL sites that involve the North Penn Water Authority
(NPWA) wells supplying drinking water to people living northwest of Philadelphia. Originally
listed under their individual names, each of these site has been assigned an "Area" number under the
name "North Penn." Gentle Cleaners, Inc., one of the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination, has been in business since 1953. The firm used perchloroethylene (PCE) from 1953
to 1983 in dry cleaning operations, and then changed its processes to use a combination of PCE and
trichloroethane. Next door to the cleaners is Granite Knitting Mills, a hosiery mill that has operated
for over 50 years. This facility also used PCE as part of its dry cleaning operations. In 1979,
NPWA discovered PCE in a municipal well in the area, and took the well out of service. An
estimated 75,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the
site. A well on the Granite Knitting Mill property 200 feet from the North Penn site is contaminated.
Approximately 8,000 people live within a mile of the site. The site is 800 feet northwest of Skipjack
Creek, which is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with PCE and trichloroethane from cleaning
operations at the site and other nearby activities. People who drink or come in
direct contact with contaminated groundwater may be at risk.
149
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on groundwater contamination at
the site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA is studying the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The
study is planned to be completed in 1992 and will recommend alternatives for the final
cleanup. Once the investigation is completed, the EPA will select a final remedy for
cleanup of the groundwater and other contamination areas identified in the study.
Site Facts: The EPA sent general notice letters to nine potentially responsible parties on February
28,1990. Contamination at the site may be caused by other sources in addition to those identified.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA assessed conditions at the North Penn-Area 1 site and
determined that no immediate actions were needed while the investigations are taking place.
April 1991
150
NORTH PENN-AREA 1
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NORTH PEN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002342475
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
Hatfield
Other Names:
Ametek, inc. (Hunter Spring Division)
The 8-acre North Penn-Area 2 site, formerly listed on the NPL as Ametek, Inc. (Hunter Spring
Division), was used to manufacture precision springs, reels, and measuring and controlling
apparatus. It is one of several NPL sites suspected of contributing to contamination of the
groundwater that supplies the population northwest of Philadelphia. Originally listed under their
individual names, each of these sites has been assigned an "Area" number under the name "North
Penn." The facility used trichloroethylene (TCE) as a degreasing solvent. In 1983, waste lagoons
on site were emptied, backfilled, and revegetated. In 1986, the North Penn Water Authority
(NPWA) detected TCE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in on-site and downgradiem
wells; however, wells upstream from the site contained no contaminants. About 1,100 people live
within 1 mile of the site, and 70,000 are within 3 miles of the site, all of whom obtain drinking water
from public and private wells within 3 miles of the facility. The site setting consists of a mixture of
residential, commercial, and industrial areas.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
In 1986, the NPWA detected VOCs including TCE from Ametek's process wastes in on-
site and downgradient wells. The same contaminants also were found in the soil in
several areas of the site. Groundwater and soil contamination could pose a threat to
people who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with them. Surface runoff from
the site could contain pollutants and help spread the contamination to off-site areas.
151
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on contamination at the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The site now is fenced in and is guarded 24 hours a day. Ametek,
Inc. took measures to clean up several areas of soil contamination in 1987. The EPA
conducted sampling of 16 residential wells located near the site in 1989; none of the wells
sampled was found to be contaminated above drinking water standards. In 1990, the EPA resampled
a number of residential wells twice; test results showed that contamination levels remain within
Federal safety standards.
Entire Site: Investigations into the nature and sources of contamination of the soil and
groundwater are expected to begin in late 1991.
Environmental Progress
Fencing the site and cleaning up several areas of soil contamination have reduced the potential for
accidental exposure to site contamination and made the North Penn-Area 2 site safer while studies
and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 152 NORTH PENN^REA 2
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NORTH PENN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980692693
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Montgomery County
Montgomery Township
Other Names:
American Electronics Laboratories
The 35-acre North Perm-Area 5 site is comprised of several manufacturing facilities. It is one of
several sites suspected of contaminating the groundwater that supplies most of the drinking water to
the population northwest of Philadelphia. Each of these sites has been assigned an "Area" number
under the name "North Penn." American Electronics Laboratories, Inc. manufactures electronic
communication equipment and components on this site in Montgomery Township. The State and
the company have detected trichloroethylene (TCE), other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and
related breakdown products in on-and off-site wells. The surrounding area is industrial, commercial,
and residential. Approximately 100,000 people use public and private wells within 3 miles of the
site as their source of drinking water. A public well lies within 50 feet of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater contains VOCs including TCE and trichloroethane (TCA). Soils on the
site may contain TCE. People who obtain their drinking water from wells drawing on the
contaminated groundwater in the area are at risk.
153
ApriM991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under State order, the owner removed 125 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and transported them to an EPA-approved hazardous waste facility. In
1981, the company began treating contaminated groundwater by pumping on-site
monitoring wells and sending the water to a nearby sewage treatment plant. In early 1986, the
owner installed a unit that uses air stripping to evaporate VOCs from the groundwater.
Entire Site: A study of the nature and extent of groundwater and soil contamination at
the site is underway. The investigation will result in recommendations for final cleanup
and is scheduled for completion in 1992. The EPA also is evaluating additional sources of
contamination.
Site Facts: In 1981, the State and American Electronics Laboratories, Inc. signed a Consent Order
to conduct a groundwater recovery program.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and the use of a pumping and treatment system to treat the
contaminated groundwater have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the
North Penn-Area 5 site. Once the investigations have been completed and final cleanup strategies
selected, cleanup work will begin.
ApriM991 154 NORTH PENN-AREA5
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NORTH
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980926976
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
Lansdale
Other Names:
J.W. Rex Company
Allied Paint Manufacturing
Keystone Hydraulics
The 200-acre North Perm-Area 6 site encompasses the area in and around the Borough of Lansdale.
It includes many manufacturing sites and is one of six Superfund sites contributing to contamination
of the groundwater that supplies the population northwest of Philadelphia. Originally listed under
their individual names, each of these sites has been assigned an "Area" number under the name
"North Penn." During its history, varied activities have been carried out at the facility, located in the
center of the site, by several previous owners and facility operators. The J.W. Rex Company heat-
treated metals on the site until ownership was assumed by the Allied Paint Manufacturing Company,
followed by Keystone Hydraulics, which repaired hydraulic equipment and stored construction
equipment at the site. Contamination may have been introduced by an underground storage tank on
the site during the mid-1970s; the tank was removed in 1979. The North Penn Water Authority
(NPWA) found high levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the soils surrounding the tank, as well as
high levels of other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an on-site well. Contamination decreases
with distance from the site. An unnamed tributary to Towamencin Creek is about a mile from the
site. In 1979, NPWA took a well within 200 feet of the site out of service due to contamination from
TCE compounds. Approximately 100,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private
wells within 3 miles of the site. A public water well lies across the street from the site. The closest
home is next to the site, and the nearest well is 200 feet away. Approximately 45,000 people live
within a 3-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been shown to be contaminated with VOCs in on-site wells, off-site
groundwater, and private wells. Soils also are contaminated with elevated levels of
VOCs from previous waste disposal practices. Potential threats exist from drinking
contaminated groundwater, coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater or
soil, or other domestic use of contaminated groundwater.
155
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the groundwater contamination at the site.
Response Action Status —
Initial Actions: In 1989, the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
connected four homes affected by the groundwater contamination to the public water
supply.
Groundwater: The EPA is conducting an intensive study of groundwater contamination
at the site, exploring its nature and extent. The investigation will recommend the best
strategies for final cleanup and is scheduled for completion in 1994. The EPA also is
evaluating additional sources of site contamination. Once this phase of the cleanup process has been
completed, the EPA will review the investigation findings and will select a final cleanup technology
for contaminated groundwater and other contamination areas identified by the study.
Site Facts: The EPA plans to issue General Notice and Special Notice letters to the potentially
responsible parties. The EPA is requesting that the parties implement the work plan being devised
from the groundwater investigation.
Environmental Progress
By connecting residences affected by the groundwater contamination to the public water supply, the
potential for exposure to contaminants at the North Penn-Area 6 site has been greatly reduced while
investigations and final remedy selections are taking place.
April 1991
156
NORTHPENN.AREA6
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NORTH PENN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002498632
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
North Wales
Other Names:
Spra-Finn, Inc.
The North Penn-Area 7 site is one of six NPL sites involving the North Penn Water Authority
(NPWA) wells that supply drinking water to most of the people living northwest of Philadelphia.
Originally listed under their individual names, each of these sites has been assigned an "Area"
number under the name "North Penn." The North Penn-Area 7 site consists of approximately 650
acres and encompasses numerous facilities. Spra-Fin, Inc. manufactured metal products at a 1/2-acre
facility on the site, using trichloroethylene (TCE) and storing it in a 550-gallon-aboveground tank.
This tank replaced a deteriorated tank that was removed in 1982. On-site production wells, as well
as on-site soil sampled by the NPWA, show contamination. An estimated 91,000 people obtain
drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. There is no other source of
drinking water. Wissahickon Creek is 1,500 feet to the north of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including TCE and vinyl chloride from former process wastes. People who accidentally
ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk.
157
April!991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
directed at cleanup of the source of contamination and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Spra-Fin removed 80 cubic yards of TCE-contaminated soil from
the area near the deteriorated tank, which was removed in 1982, and is pumping
groundwater and treating it with an air stripper. Contaminants removed by the air stripper
are further treated prior to being released into the atmosphere. Residential wells were sampled by the
EPA in 1987.
Source Control: The EPA is studying the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
The investigation will focus on the source of contamination and will include monitoring of
private wells. The study, planned for completion in 1992, will recommend alternatives to
clean up the site.
Groundwater: The EPA currently is investigating the nature and extent of contamination
in the groundwater. The study is scheduled to be completed in 1994.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated soil and tanks and treating groundwater, the North Penn-Area 7 site has
been made safer while investigations continue leading to the selection of a final remedy.
April 1991 158 NORTH PENN-AREA 7
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NORTH PENN-i
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID#PAD057152365
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Montgomery County
Worcester
Other Names:
Transicoil, Inc.
The North Penn-Area 12 site covers 20 acres on Trooper Road in Worcester. This site is one of
several suspected of contaminating the groundwater serving as the main source for the drinking
water supplies for northwestern Philadelphia. Each of these sites has been assigned an "Area"
number under the name "North Penn." Since 1952, several different owners have manufactured
electric motors at the Area 12 site, under the name Transicoil, Inc. State records show that the
facility used several drums of trichloroethylene (TCE) each year as a degreasing solvent until
1976, when it switched to trichloroethane. The company stores waste oil and solvents in an
underground tank. In 1979, the State found elevated concentrations of solvent-based chemicals
in on-site wells and in at least two private off-site wells. Subsequent sampling by a consultant to
Transicoil confirmed the results. The area is primarily rural, interspersed with agricultural areas
and housing developments. Approximately 16,200 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site
and use groundwater as a drinking water supply. The closest residence is 600 feet from the site.
Schools and hospitals are located nearby. Private well water possibly is used for livestock and
crop irrigation within a 3-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
On-site wells and soils contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
TCE from solvent waste disposal. There is a potential health threat from coming
in direct contact with or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil or water.
159
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Residential well sampling is ongoing. An underground waste
solvent tank, thought to be the potential source of contamination, has been removed.
The Keystone Water Authority now is supplying the Norristown State Hospital with an
alternate water supply. The suitability of installing carbon filters on affected wells is being
evaluated.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, were
conducting a study into the nature and extent of the contamination. These parties
recently filed for bankruptcy, which has halted progress of the study.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA entered into a Consent Order with Transicoil and Eagle-Picher
under which they agreed to conduct an intensive study into the nature and extent of soil and
groundwater contamination at the site. While conducting the study, these parties filed for
bankruptcy. The EPA now is evaluating possible alternatives for continuing the study.
Environmental Progress
By removing what was thought to be the primary source of groundwater contamination and
providing an alternative water supply, the North Penn Area-12 site currently does not pose an
immediate threat to public health or the environment. Monitoring nearby residential wells will
be continued to ensure that contaminant levels are within safety levels while final cleanup
actions are being planned.
April 1991 160 NORTH PENN-AREA12
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NOVAK SANITAR
LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD079160842
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Lehigh County
South Whitehall Township
Other Names:
Valley Disposal Division of
Novak Corporation
Novak Landfill
Site Description
The 60-acre Novak Sanitary Landfill operated from the late 1950s until 1984. Located near
Allentown, the privately owned operation began by disposing demolition wastes in an abandoned
quarry and later began accepting municipal and industrial wastes. The owner obtained a solid waste
permit from the State in 1972 and started waste disposal activities in five trenches excavated for that
purpose. Some of the materials reportedly dumped there were organic wastes, including spent
solvents and electroplating wastes containing heavy metals. Monitoring wells on the site and a
private well 1,200 feet from the site are contaminated with barium and a variety of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The landfill is in a limestone region that is very susceptible to groundwater
pollution and migration of contaminants. As of 1984, a ditch encircling the landfill diverted runoff
and leachate into an on-site pond. Surface water is threatened because this system was poorly
engineered, and the landfill was not covered adequately. The residential community within 3 miles
of the site houses approximately 1,700 people, but about 17,300 people are served by 855 public and
private wells within 3 miles of the site. Jordan Creek, which is used for recreation, is within 1,000
feet from the site. Although the State attempted to close the site in 1984, the closure was overruled
by the Environmental Hearing Board, and the site was allowed to re-open. The site presently is
closed.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, local and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and leachate on site are contaminated with VOCs from former disposal
practices. A sedimentation pond and off-site well are contaminated with VOCs.
Potential threats exist from accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with
contaminated soil or water or from inhaling contaminants that evaporate from polluted
water.
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Inital Actions: In 1985, South Whitehall Township extended its water line to two
homes near the landfill that were subject to contamination.
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination began an intensive study of problems at the landfill in 1988. This study is
exploring the nature and extent of soil and water pollution and will recommend the best
strategies for final cleanup. The study is slated for completion in 1992.
Site Facts: The potentially responsible parties are conducting a study of the contamination under
an Administrative Consent Order dated December 1988.
Environmental Progress
The extension of the water line will help to ensure the safety of those living by the site, while the
potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, conduct further investigations and begin
cleanup activities at the Novak Sanitary Landfill site.
April 1991 162 NOVAK SANITARY LANDFILL
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OCCIDENTAL 0
CORP./FIREST
TIRE & RUBBE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980229298
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
Lower Pottsgrove Township
Three consecutive owners disposed of industrial wastes at the 30-acre Occidental Chemical Corp./
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. site. From 1942 to 1945, the Jacobs Aircraft and Engine Company
manufactured aircraft engines; from 1945 to 1980, the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company made
tires and polyvinyl chloride (PVC); and from 1980 to the present, the Occidental Chemical Company
has produced PVC. The disposal area has several components. From 1942 to 1985, operators
dumped wastes, including cutting oils, metal filings, tires, and PVC sludge resins, into a 17-acre
landfill. In 1985, with State approval, the owner closed this landfill, capping it with two rubber
covers and 2 feet of earth. A 6-acre landfill, currently active, was opened in 1973 to receive PVC
sludges and fly ash. In 1974, two lined lagoons were constructed to receive and pre-treat the plant
effluent, which then is discharged to the municipal sanitary sewer system. The site also
encompasses four inactive, unlined seepage lagoons. The area is both agricultural and urban.
Pottstown, with an approximate population of 22,000, is a major town in the area. Approximately
31,000 people live within a 2-mile radius of the site. The site is in the flood plain of the Schuylkill
River, which is used for water supply and recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including
trichloroethylene (TCE) and vinyl chloride from former site manufacturing activities.
Possible health threats include drinking the contaminated groundwater. Local
agricultural lands depend on water from the Schuylkill River for irrigation; contaminated
water use therefore may threaten crops and livestock. Also, nearby wildlife and wetlands
are threatened by the contamination from the site.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination are conducting
an intensive study of problems at the site. The investigation is exploring the nature and
extent of the contamination and will recommend the best approach for final cleanup. It is
slated for completion in 1992.
Site Facts: A Consent Order between the EPA and the potentially responsible parties was signed
in 1989, requiring the latter to conduct the site investigation activities.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations at the Occidental
Chemical Corp./Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. site and determined that the site currently is safe while
waiting for completion of the investigation and for the final cleanup activities to begin.
April! 991 164 OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORP7
FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER CO.
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OHIO RIVER PARK
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508816
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
Allegheny County
On the western end of Neville Island
Site Description
The 32-acre Ohio River Park site, located on Neville Island, served as a municipal waste landfill
for Neville Township from the 1930s until the mid-1950s. The site was owned by Pittsburgh
Coke & Iron Co. (later named Pittsburgh Coke & Chemical Co.) from the 1920s until 1970,
when the property was transferred to a wholly owned subsidiary, Neville Land Co. From 1952
until 1965, trenches were dug on site to dispose of wastes including coking sludges (often
containing benzene and toluene), cement production wastes, and pesticides. Other industrial
wastes, including plant demolition materials and slag, also were disposed of on site. In 1976, the
property was donated to the County. In 1978, Allegheny County began developing the site as a
park, but stopped construction after industrial waste was found. After it was determined that a
public health threat existed at the site, the land was returned to Neville Land Co. An estimated
40,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Seven municipal wells are 600 to 1,200 feet from the site. An outfall from a storm sewer system
that drains a small portion of the northeastern quadrant of the site reportedly is contaminated
with pesticides. This outfall discharges to the Ohio River. Sewickley Water Works draws water
from the river approximately 2 miles downstream from the contaminated outfall. The intake
provides drinking water to an estimated 8,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including benzene and toluene and various pesticides. Potential health
threats to people include drinking, accidental ingestion, and direct contact with
contaminated groundwater and soil.
165
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Neville Land Co. performed a site evaluation that included the
installation of 27 multi-level monitoring wells, extensive sampling, excavation of test pits,
analysis of aerial photographs, and toxicological and hydrogeological evaluations. Other
activities included the removal of a container of almost pure dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, a
pesticide; removal of the surrounding soil; stabilization of a section of shoreline where sulfur-
containing waste was exposed; the installation of a fence; and posting warning signs to keep people
off the site.
Entire Site: An investigation is scheduled to begin in 1991 that will define the
contaminants of concern and will recommend alternatives for site cleanup. The
investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the pesticide and contaminated soil, stabilization of the shoreline, and installation
of the fence and warning signs have reduced the potential for the nearby population to come into
direct contact with contaminants while the investigation leading to the selection of a final
cleanup remedy is being planned at the Ohio River Park site.
April 1991 166 OHIO RIVER PARK
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OLD CITY O
YORK LAND
PENNSYLVANI
EPA ID# PAD980692420
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
York County
Just outside Seven Valleys
Other Names:
Seven Valleys Landfill
Site Description
The 178-acre Old City of York Landfill site, 56 acres of which was a landfill, was owned and
operated by the City of York from 1961 to 1975. Industrial wastes reportedly were disposed of at
the site. In 1981, EPA and State investigators found that the landfill was contaminating groundwater
in the area with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They also discovered that contaminated
liquids were leaching from the site into the nearby Codorus Creek, which is used for fishing and
other recreational activities. Local wells were contaminated, and the State advised affected residents
to find other sources of drinking water or to treat the well water before consuming it. The
surrounding area is rural and residential. The closest well is 10 feet away, and about 460 people live
within a mile of the site. About 2,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and draw groundwater
from wells; some residents live on the site itself. The City of York water supply intake is 8 miles
downstream of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and domestic wells are contaminated with VOCs including
trichloroethylene (TCE) from former waste disposal practices. Surface water on site
contains zinc, iron, lead, and arsenic. The major threats to health are drinking
contaminated well water, conming into direct contact with, or accidentally ingesting
contaminated soil and leachate on site.
167
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination are undertaking an intensive study of groundwater contamination at the
landfill. The study is exploring the nature and extent of site problems and will recommend
the best alternatives for final cleanup. Workers have drilled monitoring wells on and off the site and
are sampling soil and groundwater. Results are expected to be available in 1991, after which the
EPA will select a final remedy for the Old City of York Landfill.
Site Facts: A Consent Order for a study to determine the nature and extent of contamination and
to identify alternatives for cleanup was entered into with the City of York, Rite-Way Services, and
the Macke Company in 1987. There has been a history of odor complaints by area residents
regarding this site.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has assessed the conditions at the Old City of York Landfill and has found that the site
currently poses no immediate threat to public health or the environment while the studies leading to
the selection of a final cleanup remedy are continuing.
April 1991 168 OLD CITY OF YORK LANDFILL
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OSBORNE
LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980712673
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 21
Mercer County
1/2 mile east of Grove City
Other Names:
Cooper Be»smer Landfill
The 15-acre Osborne Landfill is located on an abandoned strip mine. The landfill was used for
waste disposal from the 1950s until 1978, when the State closed it for accepting industrial wastes
without a permit. These waste materials included spent paint, asbestos, solvents, waste coolants,
waste sand, waste acid, scrap metal, cooling system sludge, slag, and waste oils. More than 600
drums had been left at the site; many were crushed, rusted, or bulging. Wastes were dumped,
scattered, and piled in the strip mine area and near one of three lagoons on the site. Nearby Grove
City has approximately 8,100 residents. The closest home is 1/4 mile away. Two private wells are
located downgradient of the site; municipal wells are located upgradient. Both types of wells are
within a mile of the site. The property is surrounded by woods, wetlands, light residential
development, and farmland. Several intermittent streams flow across the site and into Swamp Run, a
local fishing area, which then flows into Wolf Creek. Nearby wetlands serve as wildlife habitat and
as a site for migratory waterfowl and other birds.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and leachate are contaminated with various heavy metals, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) from the former waste
disposal practices. The soil contains heavy metals including arsenic and lead, VOCs, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). On-site surface water is contaminated with VOCs.
Possible health hazards include accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater, soil, or surface water. Wetlands and a swamp near the site
are contaminated with very low levels of PCBs.
169
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the wetlands and deep aquifer.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Cooper Industries, Inc., one of the parties potentially responsible
for the site contamination, voluntarily conducted some cleanup activities in 1983.
Workers built a security fence around the site and posted it with warnings to prevent
unauthorized access. They also removed and disposed of 83 filled drums, 460 empty drums, and 45
cubic yards of contaminated soil.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA took over an intensive study of site conditions begun by
Cooper Industries in 1984. In 1990, the EPA chose an innovative remedy to cleanup the
fill material, the on-site water table, and the shallow aquifer. A slurry wall will be built
around the perimeter of the fill area, along with the installation of a clay cap and revegetation of the
site. In addition, water will be extracted from the fill area, treated, and reinjected into the on-site
mine pool. Groundwater from the shallow aquifer also will be extracted, treated, and reinjected into
the on-site mine pool.
Wetlands and the Deep Aquifer: The EPA will begin an investigation into the nature
and extent of contamination of the wetlands and the deep aquifer in late 1991.
Site Facts: After negotiating with the EPA and the State of Pennsylvania, Cooper Industries, Inc.,
which is responsible for some wastes at the site, voluntarily performed some cleanup actions and
signed a Consent Order with the State to conduct the study to determine the nature and extent of site
contamination. Cooper began the study, and the EPA has completed it. A Unilateral Administrative
Order was issued to the potentially responsible parties, requiring them to perform the cleanup
activities.
Environmental Progress
By building a fence around the site to limit access and removing contaminated drums and soil, the
potentially responsible parties have reduced the risk of exposure to contaminants for the areas
surrounding the Osborne Landfill site while the final cleanup activities and investigations leading to
cleanup of the wetlands and of the deep aquifer are planned.
April 1991 170 OSBORNE LANDFILL
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PALMERTON
ZINC PILE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002395887
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Carbon County
Palmerton
Other Names:
New Jersey Zinc (Gulf & Western)
The Palmerton Zinc Pile site covers over 2,000 acres and was used by a zinc smelter. The site
encompasses the Blue mountain area and much of the valley. During the past 70 years, the New
Jersey Zinc Company has dumped 32 million tons of residue at the site, creating a cinder bank that
extends for 2 1/2 miles and measures about 200 feet high and 500 to 1,000 feet wide. The smelting
operations emitted huge quantities of heavy metals throughout the valley. As a result, approximately
2,000 acres on Blue Mountain, which is adjacent to the smelter, have been defoliated, leaving a
barren mountain site. Soil on the defoliated area of the mountain has contaminated the water
flowing across it. The runoff and erosion have carried contaminants into Aquashicola Creek.
Approximately 850 people live within 1 mile of the site; the population of the town of Palmerton is
7,000. The Palmerton Water Company has four production wells at the foot of Blue Mountain that
supply water to the towns of Palmerton and Aquashicola.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
IA
The air is contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and zinc from former
process wastes. Nearby wells and soils are contaminated with zinc and cadmium from
the former site operations. Aquashicola Creek is contaminated with zinc and cadmium
from surface runoff. People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater or surface water may be at risk. Contaminants have been
found in soil and garden vegetables and may pose a health threat to people who eat the
vegetables. Children in Palmerton have been found to have elevated levels of cadmium
and lead in their hair and blood. Fish in Aquashicola Creek contain bioaccumulated
contaminants, and eating them poses a health threat Horses and cattle that graze in the
area have high concentrations of lead and cadmium, which has caused substantiated cases
of illness and fatigue.
171
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in five stages: initial actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of Blue Mountain, the Cinder Bank area, soil cleanup, and groundwater and
surface water cleanup.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the New Jersey Zinc Company placed material containing
lime at the base of the cinder bank to control runoff. The company also graded and seeded
a portion of the bank in an effort to control erosion.
Blue Mountain: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up Blue Mountain, which
included installing a concrete pad with berms to mix sewage sludge and fly ash, spreading
lime and potash on the areas to be revegetated, and planting grass seed or seedlings on the
area. Horsehead Resource Development, Co. has conducted plantings on several experimental plots
to design the full scale cleanup. The cleanup activities are providing a fertilizer base to encourage
the regrowth of forested areas. Construction for the full-scale cleanup is planned to begin in 1991.
An additional 30-acre experimental plot began in 1990. This first phase is scheduled for completion
in 1996.
Cinder Bank: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the cinder bank, which
includes revegetating the area and extinguishing the subsurface smoldering fire.
Engineering and cost analysis of this selected remedy is under review. Review of this
analysis may result in selecting an alternative remedy. Horsehead Resource Development, Co. will
be conducting additional studies in late 1991.
Soil: Under the EPA's supervision, the party potentially responsible for the site
contamination is studying the nature and extent of the soil contamination. Alternatives for
the cleanup will be recommended, and the EPA will select the final cleanup strategy. A
review of the study currently is underway.
Groundwater and Surface Water: The EPA is searching for additional potentially
responsible parties to study the type and extent of the contamination in groundwater and
site streams and creeks.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA and the potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Order.
Under terms of the agreement, the parties will conduct a study to determine the type and extent of
the contamination. The community is concerned about the financial well-being of the plant. Several
residents have requested that the site be exempt from further investigations.
Environmental Progress
The EPA and the potentially responsible parties are conducting experimental revegetation techniques
to effectively control erosion and contaminant runoff from Blue Mountain. Once the extensive
studies into permanent cleanup alternatives have been completed, the EPA will select the final
cleanup remedy for the Palmerton Zinc Pile site.
April 1991 172 PALMERTON ZINC PILE
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PAOLI RAIL Y
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980692594
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Chester County
Paoli
Other Names:
Conrail Paoli
Conrail Repair Shop
Paoli PCB Site
Paoli Railcar Facility
Site Description
The Paoli Rail Yard site covers approximately 28 acres. The site consists of an electric train repair
facility and a commuter rail station owned by Amtrak and has been operated by the Southeastern
Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) for over 30 years. Commuter trains are serviced,
repaired, and stored at this facility. Routine maintenance and repair of railroad cars involved
electrical equipment that contains polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Until 1986, the site was
unsecured and easily accessible; residents and commuters regularly used it as a shortcut to reach
both the train station and the commercial properties. In the late 1970s, both the EPA and the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER) inspected the Paoli Rail Yard.
Amtrak and SEPTA were required to determine the extent of contamination and to correct any
problem areas. Amtrak and SEPTA collected samples, cleaned up, and further studied the area. In
1985, samples taken in 1984 were made available to the EPA, indicating a severe PCB problem.
These sample results were verified, and in 1986, the EPA filed a complaint seeking an order to
require Amtrak and SEPTA to limit access to the yard, control the movement of PCBs from the site,
conduct sampling and analysis, and to clean up the yard. The site is surrounded on three sides by
residential communities, and on the fourth side, by commercial facilities. Approximately 1,480
people live within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Valley Creek sediments are contaminated with PCBs. PCB contamination in the on-site
soil ranges as high as 9% and occurs as deep as 3 feet. The yards of several residences in
the area also were found to be contaminated. Car shop workers had elevated levels of
PCBs in their blood. Direct contact with the soil is the main health threat to the general
public. This threat has been substantially reduced by limiting access to the site by
fencing, installed in 1986, and by soil excavation in 1989. The State banned fishing in
nearby Valley Creek when PCBs were found in fish and creek sediment.
173
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Extensive sampling of the site by the owner, the State, and the
EPA has characterized the contamination. Three basins were constructed by the EPA to
prevent erosion of contaminated soils, and about 700 tons of contaminated soils were
excavated from 35 yards in the nearby residential area. The excavated areas were backfilled. The
EPA paved the parking lot and other high-use areas of the car shop in 1987 to prevent off-site
seepage or movement of the PCB-contaminated soils from vehicular and foot traffic.
Entire Site: A study is underway to determine the extent and nature of contamination.
The soil, car shop, streams, sediments, and biota of the area have been sampled. The
drainage area also is under investigation. The alternatives for cleanup will be assessed,
and the final remedy is expected to be selected in late 1991.
Site Facts: The owner was asked to study the nature and extent of contamination and to develop
cleanup strategies at the site in 1986, as a result of an EPA complaint filed in Federal Court.
Environmental Progress
The site currently is posted, and a fishing ban is in effect to protect residents. The construction of
the erosion-prevention basins, the paving of high traffic areas, and the removal of contaminated soils
at the Paoli Rail Yard site have reduced the risk of exposure to contaminants while the site awaits the
outcome of the investigation into cleanup alternatives and the selection of a final remedy.
April 1991 174 PAOLI RAIL YARD
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PRESQUE
ISLE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980508865
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 21
Erie County
Erie
Other Names:
Presque Isle Gas Well
Site Description
The Presque Isle site is located on the Presque Isle State Park peninsula. In the early 1970s, the Erie
County Health Department noted a seep, near Beach No. 7, that was discharging a noxious hydrogen
sulfide-bearing black liquid. The discharge released hydrogen sulfide into the air and a black fluid
containing hazardous substances into the soil and shallow groundwater. This discharge continued
until the early 1980s. The source of the discharge was found to be an unplugged natural gas well
that had been dug in 1910 and was abandoned in 1920. The well intercepts a geologic formation
known as the Bass Island Formation. It is unclear whether the fluid discharging from the Bass Island
Formation is a natural brine or is related to the deep well injection of wastes by the Hammermill
Paper Company, located near the State Park. The Hammermill Paper Company operated three
underground injection wells between 1964 and 1971 and injected 1 billion gallons of neutral sulfite
pulping liquor waste into the Bass Island Formation. Eleven residential wells in the area were
sampled in 1982 and were found to be uncontaminated. The City of Erie has a population of
119,000. Presque Isle is a public recreational area used for picnicking, swimming, and fishing. The
park contains an ecological reservation and is a natural habitat for deer, squirrels, waterfowl, and
many plant-eating species. The annual average number of visitors to Presque Isle State Park is 4
million. Lake Erie and its associated bays are the major bodies of surface water that have been
affected by discharges from the well.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal
and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 02/13/88
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils contained volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals.
People and animals visiting the area around the well could have been exposed to
contaminated soil and surface water. Exposure to swimmers and municipal water users
was unlikely, because any contaminants would be diluted in the large volumes of water in
Lake Erie.
175
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site has been addressed in a single long-term remedial phase designed to plug the natural gas
well at the site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The well stem has a fence around it and there are no physical hazards
associated with the site. In 1982, the well was plugged by the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources (PADER) with cement down to 900 feet, sealing the Bass Island
formation. An inspection in 1987 detected no odors nor any evidence of dissolved sand or of
stressed vegetation. No discharge has been observed since 1982. Investigations by the EPA and the
PADER found no contamination in the air, surface water, groundwater, or soil. The EPA and the
PADER determined that the release poses no significant threat to public health or the environment
and that any threat to the public was eliminated when the well was plugged in 1982. The site was
placed on the NPL in 1983 because of the possibility for releases from other improperly plugged oil
and gas wells in the surrounding area. The site was deleted from the NPL on February 13,1988.
Environmental Progress
The EPA and the PADER have determined that the Presque Isle site currently poses no immediate
threat to the public or the environment and have deleted the site from the NPL. The EPA and the
State are continuing to monitor the area in the event of further possible releases from similar natural
gas wells in the vicinity.
April 1991
176
PRESQUE ISLE
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PUBLICKER
INDUSTRIES
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD981939200
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Philadelphia County
Southeast Philadelphia
Other Names:
Cuyahoga Wrecking Plant
Site Description
The 37-acre Publicker Industries, Inc. site housed a liquor and industrial alcohol distillation process
from 1912 to 1985. As production declined in the late 1970s, the company used some of its tanks to
store fuel oils for other companies. In 1986, the owner sold the property to Overland Corporation, a
subsidiary of Cuyahoga Wrecking Corporation. Shortly after Overland Corporation began
demolition operations, they declared bankruptcy and abandoned the facility. The site includes nearly
440 tanks, storage drums, product stock, warehouses, a power plant, and an estimated several
hundred miles of aboveground and underground process lines. Some of these process lines are
covered with asbestos. One hundred and eighty cylinders contain toxic, flammable, and reactive
gases. Electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) also is on site. Two
million gallons of hazardous materials were on site when the facility was abandoned. Many vessels
and transfer lines containing hazardous materials were in various stages of disrepair. In 1987, the
portion of the facility using carbon dioxide was destroyed in a multi-alarm fire. Numerous
explosions and fire flares were reported. Shallow on-site groundwater is contaminated, as is the
Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer, which supplies drinking water to 185,000 people. The nearest
public well is about 1 1/2 miles away. An estimated 3,600 people live within a mile of the site, and
100,000 live within 2 miles. The site is located along the Delaware River, which is used for
recreation; and Peregrine Falcons nest on the Walt Whitman Bridge near the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 05/05/89
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Routine air monitoring revealed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from former site
activities in the air on site in 1988. Shallow on-site groundwater is contaminated with
toluene. The deep on-site groundwater in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer
contains VOCs such as toluene and xylene. VOCs and heavy metal contamination also
have been detected in on-site soils. Accidentally ingesting or coming into direct contact
with contaminated groundwater or soil poses a threat to the public.
177
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial phases.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: From 1987 through 1988, the EPA significantly stabilized
conditions on site by addressing fire and explosion threats on the surface. Solid and liquid
gas streams were bulked and stored on site and were disposed in 1990, and highly reactive
lab wastes and gas cylinders were transported to EPA-approved facilities.
Site Stabilization: Actions selected for the cleanup of the remaining on-site
contamination include: (1) completion of site stabilization activities started as an
emergency action; (2) transportation and off-site disposal of bulked waste streams; (3)
demolition of above-grade process lines, including recovery and off-site disposal of the contents of
the lines; (4) demolition of on-site buildings; and (5) removal and proper packaging and storage of
pipe insulation materials, which may contain asbestos, for future off-site disposal. Cleanup actions
began in 1989. All stabilization activities were completed in 1990.
Source Control: A study into the source and extent of groundwater, surface water, soil,
and other contamination, and into the possible remedies for cleanup, is expected to be
completed in 1991. Depending on the results of this study, future project phases to
address additional contamination areas are likely.
Site Facts: On July 7,1977, the EPA and Bruga Corporation entered into a Consent Order. Under
the Order, Bruga is dismantling and decontaminating personal property in two portions of the site it
had purchased from the bankrupt estate. On December 8,1988, the EPA and AAA Warehousing
Inc. entered into a separate Consent Order. Under the order, AAA is removing some stainless steel
tanks and rail tank cars it owns.
Environmental Progress
By removing highly flammable materials from the site, the EPA has stabilized reactive wastes
located on site and reduced the immediate threats to the surrounding residents at the Publicker
Industries, Inc. site while the studies leading to cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 178 PUBLICKER INDUSTRIES. INC.
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RAYMARK
PENNSYLVANI
EPAID#PAD039017694
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Montgomery County
Hatboro
Other Names:
Mitford Rivet and Machine Co., Hatboro Plant
Jacksonville Road
Penn Fasteners Inc.
Site Description
The 7-acre Raymark site previously was owned by the Penn Rivet and Machine Company from 1947
until 1954. A series of name changes, mergers, incorporations, and title conveyances have occurred
since 1954. The present operator, Penn Fasteners, Inc., has manufactured rivets and fasteners at the
site since 1980. From 1948 to 1972, treated wastes and untreated wastewater from electroplating
and degreasing operations were disposed of in four unlined lagoons on site. In 1972, the
accumulated sludge was removed, and the lagoons were filled with clean soil and berm material.
During the same period, trichloroethylene (TCE) was stored in outdoor, aboveground tanks;
however, TCE no longer is used at the facility. Building drains are a suspected major source of
existing soil contamination. The Raymark site was identified as the source of contamination in the
Stockton Aquifer, which supplies drinking water to approximately 920,000 people through public
and private wells within 3 miles of the site. Since 1979, eight Hatboro Water Authority wells near
the site were contaminated with TCE. Of these eight wells, some were taken out of service, while
others were equipped with treatment systems. Pennypack Creek is used for recreation and is 6,800
feet downgradient of the site; however, no contamination in the creek has been detected.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The site has been determined to be a source of TCE contamination in the Stockton
Aquifer. Wells within 250 feet from the site are contaminated with TCE, as is the soil.
Public water supply wells provide the public with treated water. Due to low contaminant
concentrations, exposure to the soil on site does not present a human health risk.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the soil and source control and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Lagoons that once stored wastewater from the site have been
backfilled with clean soil fill. When the lagoons were closed in 1972 and 1973, the
remaining waste sludge was removed by a potentially responsible party to an off-site
disposal facility.
Soil and Source Control: A study into the nature, extent, and source of contamination
of soil at the site, as well as an assessment of the alternative cleanup technologies, is
underway. It is scheduled to be completed in 1991, and the design of the remedy selected
by the EPA also is scheduled to begin in 1991. A treatability study (soil vapor extraction) was
performed in 1990.
Groundwater: The cleanup remedy chosen by the EPA in 1990 will include the use of
vapor phase carbon adsorption at air stripper towers in existing contaminated drinking
wells and the installation of source control wells equipped with air strippers and vapor
phase carbon adsorption capabilities. Treated groundwater will be discharged to a nearby creek.
The design of the cleanup technologies is underway and is scheduled for completion in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated sludge from the lagoon areas and the closure or treatment of
contaminated drinking supply wells have reduced the potential for exposure to TCE-contaminated
sludges and groundwater at the Raymark site while investigations are taking place and cleanup
activities are being planned.
April 1991 180 RAYMARK
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RECTICON/
STEEL CORP
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD002353969
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Chester County
Parkerford
The 5-acre Recticon/Allied Steel Corp. site was the location for the manufacturing of silicon wafers
from 1974 to 1981. Recticon is a subsidiary of Rockwell International. As early as 1979, the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER) detected trichloroetnylene (TCE)
in the groundwater. In 1980, a Recticon contractor found TCE in the plant drain lines, in sludge
trapped within buried waste lines, and in soils. In addition to the Recticon portion of the site, Allied
Steel Corporation has fabricated steel since 1972 on a property 100 feet to the southeast of Recticon.
In 1984, an Allied contractor determined that leakage in the area of Allied's compressor room had
released TCE to the ground. Also, high levels of TCE were found in Allied's on-site well. The area
around the site is residential, industrial, and agricultural. An estimated 17,300 people obtain
drinking water from public and private wells, which are within 3 miles of the site. Runoff from the
site reaches the Schuylkill River 2,400 feet downstream. The local water company blends water
from the river with well water to serve its 11,500 customers.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, sludge, and wells in the area are contaminated with TCE from former
process wastes, and private wells sampled by the EPA in 1990 were found to be
contaminated with other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in addition to TCE.
Runoff from the site reaches the Schuylkill River and may be contaminated with TCE.
Accidentally ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater,
sludge, or surface water would threaten the health of people in the area.
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, Recticon removed contaminated soil from the site and
transported it to an EPA-approved facility for disposal. Recticon pumped and treated the
groundwater, but the process did not resolve the contamination at the site. In 1990, the
potentially responsible parties agreed to install activated carbon filtration units in each of the homes
and businesses that have been affected by groundwater contamination. To date, five businesses and
one residence have had water treatment units installed. Testing of water supplies will continue.
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination are conducting a study to determine the nature and extent of the
contamination and the possible alternative technologies for cleanup. The study began in
1990 and is scheduled to conclude in 1992. Once the investigation has been completed, the EPA
will evaluate the findings and select a final cleanup remedy for site contamination.
Site Facts: The PADER and Recticon entered into a Consent Order in 1981 to undertake initial
actions at the site. The potentially responsible parties have provided an alternate drinking water
supply to residents whose wells are contaminated beyond acceptable EPA levels as a result of a
Consent Order with the EPA signed in 1990. This second Consent Order also required the
potentially responsible parties to conduct site investigations.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated soil from the site and providing an alternate drinking water supply, the
potentially responsible parties and the EPA have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants
at the Recticon/Allied Steel Corp. site while investigations and cleanup activities are taking place.
ApriM991 182 RECTICON/ALLIED STEEL CORP.
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REESER'S
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980829261
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Lehigh County
5 miles west of Allentown
The 15-acre Reeser's Landfill site is an inactive unlined dump for municipal wastes near Haafsville,
in Upper Macungie Township. Battery wastes, industrial wastes, and drums may have been stored at
the site. The lessee, Reeser's Hauling Service, never received a State license to operate a disposal
facility at the site. The State believes that wastes were dumped into a water-filled quarry and into
excavated trenches, thus threatening the groundwater. When the landfill site was placed on the NPL,
it was inadequately covered. Soil at the landfill was stained by leachate. The EPA conducted
sampling at the site and discovered that a nearby local well appeared to be contaminated with heavy
metals. The owner appealed when the State ordered closure of the landfill in 1979 and 1981.
Operations ceased in 1980, and the landfill has not reopened; however, the State is seeking proper
closure by the owner. Homes in the immediate area of the site rely on private wells for drinking
water. Public wells serve an estimated 3,400 people and are located approximately 2,000 feet from
the site. Most of the landfill drains to Iron Run, a tributary to the Lehigh River. The closest
residence and well is 800 feet from the site. The population within a mile of the site is 265; the
population within 3 miles is 2,400. There are 268 wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through Federal
and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Deleted Date: 05/31/90
Threats and Contaminants
Zinc and lead, allegedly from former waste disposal practices, were found in monitoring
wells. Local wells were contaminated with zinc, mercury, cadmium, and lead. Soils and
sediments also contained evidence of heavy metals. The EPA has determined the site
does not pose any health threats.
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Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Between 1987 and 1989, the EPA undertook an intensive study of
groundwater contamination and conditions at the site. This study showed conclusively
that the landfill is not contaminating the groundwater. The EPA found no evidence of
hazardous waste dumping nor any adverse effects on human health or future land use plans. Based
on the results of the study, the EPA determined that no cleanup actions were required at the site to
address the contamination of the groundwater and deleted the site from the NPL in May 1990.
Environmental Progress
The Reeser's Landfill site was intensively studied and was shown not to be the source of the
groundwater contamination in the area. The site was deleted from the NPL in 1990.
April 1991
184
REESER'S LANDFILL
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RESIN DISPOS
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD063766828
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 20
Allegheny County
In Jefferson Borough near the
Monongahela River
Other Names:
Pennsylvania Industrial
Chemical Company
Hercules Inc. - PICCO Resins
Site Description
The 26-acre Resin Disposal site is privately owned and consists of two unlined, diked ponds and
a 2-acre landfill situated in a gully between two residential areas. From 1949 to 1964, these
ponds received about 85,000 tons of industrial waste that contained organic solvents, resin cakes,
filter materials, and oils from a resin manufacturing process. The ponds were filled and covered
with soil. Some of the monitoring wells and leachate seeping from the site are contaminated
with organic chemicals. The landfill is located in a strip mine valley and was created by
constructing an earthen dike across the floor of the valley. When the area behind the dike was
filled with waste materials, a second dike was constructed 250 feet farther down the valley from
the initial dike. Although access to the site is restricted, there is evidence that people trespass on
it. Approximately 50 people live within 1/2 mile of the site, but about 25,000 people reside
within a mile. All but four residences use municipal water. The site lies 1/2 mile from the
Monongahela River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including benzene and toluene from former disposal practices. Sludges are
polluted with VOCs and heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium, and
selenium. Threats to human health include direct contact with leachates and
airborne soil on the site. The owner of one well refused to test water that is
believed to be used for drinking.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
185
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Action: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
installed a leachate collection system in 1973 and upgraded it in 1983.
Entire Site: Under the EPA's monitoring, the potentially responsible parties are
conducting an intensive study of site conditions. The investigation will explore the
nature and extent of contamination problems and will recommend the best strategies
for final cleanup of wastes and contaminated soil. The decision on cleanup actions is expected to
be made in mid-1991. If necessary, a second phase will be added to address groundwater
cleanup.
Site Facts: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania successfully negotiated a Consent Order in
November 1987 with the potentially responsible parties, whereby they agreed to perform a study
to identify the nature and extent of contamination.
Environmental Progress
By installing and upgrading a leachate collection system, exposure to hazardous materials at the
Resin Disposal site is less likely while investigations take place and cleanup activities are being
planned.
April 1991
186
RESIN DISPOSAL
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REVERE
CHEMICAL C
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID#PAD051395499
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Bucks County
Off Route 611, just north of Route
412 in Nockamixon Township
The 111-acre Revere Chemical Co. facility, located near Routes 611 and 412, was an acid, metal,
and plating waste processing operation also suspected of accepting organic solvent waste. While the
plant operated, wastes containing chromic acid, copper sulfate, and other heavy metals, as well as
sulfuric acid and ammonia, were stored on site in unlined earthen lagoons. A U.S. District Court
ordered the facility to close in 1969 for causing contamination of a tributary of Rapp Creek. The
company abandoned full and empty drums, waste-filled lagoons, and piles of solid waste. In 1970,
the Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) treated and removed 3 million gallons of liquid
wastes. About 520 people reside within a mile of the site, with the closest home being less than 1/4
mile away. There are approximately 650 private wells within 3 miles of the site, the nearest one
being 1,000 feet away. The area surrounding the site includes recreational streams, forests, fields,
and State game lands. The Delaware River is 7 miles from the site and is a water supply source for
Philadelphia.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater has been found to contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals including nickel, lead, and arsenic from former metal plating process
wastes. Sediments on the site are contaminated with benzoic acid, and heavy metals and
VOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plastics have been detected off the
site. The soil and surface water contain contaminants similar to those found in the
groundwater and sediments, as well as mercury, cadmium, and phthalates. Potential
health threats include accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater, surface water,
soils, and sediment. Direct contact with contaminated surface water and eating fish,
waterfowl, or other wildlife from the contaminated area also can be a threat to health.
187
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1970 to 1971, the Pennsylvania DOH consolidated drummed
materials in the lagoons, treated them with lime, pumped out about 3 1/2 million gallons of
waste, and then removed them. About 1,000 empty drums were crushed and buried on
site. In 1984, an EPA emergency team removed 22 drums of waste chromic acid and excavated 30
cubic yards of sludge containing copper and chromium. All materials were sent to an EPA-approved
hazardous waste facility. Site conditions were stabilized, and all readily accessible hazardous
substances were removed.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination, under EPA
monitoring, currently are undertaking an intensive study of problems at the site. The study
will determine the nature and extent of contamination and will identify alternatives for
cleanup. The study is scheduled to be completed in 1992. The EPA is reviewing the first phase of
this investigation. Once the review has been completed, the EPA will select a cleanup remedy.
Site Facts: The EPA executed a Consent Order with the potentially responsible parties in 1988 to
conduct a study into site contamination at the Revere Chemical Co.
Environmental Progress
The immediate removal of the contaminated drums and wastes at the Revere Chemical Co. site has
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials and has made the site safer while it awaits
further cleanup activities.
April 1991 188 REVERE CHEMICAL CO.
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RIVER ROA
LANDFILL (
MANAGEM
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD000439083
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Mercer County
South Pymatuning and
Hermitage Townships
Other Names:
River Road Enterprises
Erie Disposal Company
Site Description
The 102-acre River Road Landfill site is an inactive landfill that operated from 1962 until 1986. The
landfill accepted municipal and industrial wastes, including foundry and metal processing waste,
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes, asbestos, and residues from tank car cleaning. Ownership
of the landfill has been transferred over the years; the current owner, Waste Management of
Pennsylvania, Inc. (WMPA), purchased it in 1980. Although WMPA considered using the landfill
for the disposal of hazardous wastes, only non-hazardous industrial wastes were disposed of. The
State has fined WMPA for several waste disposal violations, including discharging leachate into
surface waters and operating a solid waste disposal area without a permit. The facility received a
permit in 1984 for solid waste disposal but stopped receiving waste in May 1986. Closure activities
in 1987 were comprehensive, and the site now is fenced, and access is restricted. Approximately
4,500 people live within a mile of the site, and 9,000 people live within 3 miles. The closest
residents live less than 1/2 mile away. Two sedimentation ponds catch runoff from the site. These
ponds have controlled spillways draining into the Shenango River, next to the landfill's southern
border. This river is a water source for 75,000 industrial, commercial, and residential customers in
Pennsylvania and Ohio, and the Shenango Valley Water Company's water intake is 2 miles
downstream of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Dale: 01/22/87
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and lead
from wastes disposed of at the landfill. Soil in diversion ditches draining to the Shenango
River contains detectable amounts of PCBs and other phenolic compounds. People may
be at risk if they accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil.
189
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, WMPA carried out a landfill closure program that entailed
placing a cap over the landfill to keep rainwater and runoff from spreading contaminants,
installing a leachate collection system and a groundwater dam, controlling erosion and
sedimentation, revegetating the site, and fencing the area.
Entire Site: Under EPA supervision, WMPA is currently undertaking an intensive study
of problems at the site. The investigation will explore their nature and extent and will
recommend the best approaches for final cleanup. It is scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA sent notice letters to the potentially responsible parties in 1989. The EPA
and WMPA signed a Consent Order in 1990, in which WMPA agreed to conduct a study of the site.
Environmental Progress
The actions associated with the landfill closure described above reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous wastes and stabilized conditions at the River Road Landfill site while studies are being
conducted that will lead to final cleanup activities.
April 1991 190 RIVER ROAD LANDFILL
(WASTE MANAGEMENT INC.)
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ROUTE 940
DRUM DUM
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD981034630
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Monroe County
Pocono Summit in Tobyhanna
Township
Other Names:
Pocono Summit
Site Description
In the 1970s, as many as 600 drums of unknown materials were stored on the 2 1/2-acre Route 940
Drum Dump site in Pocono Summit. In early 1983, the State was informed that some drums may
have been buried on site. Later that year, the State detected volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in
on-site soils. Several organic chemicals also were detected in on-site groundwater. Thirty buried
drums containing VOCs and heavy metals subsequently were discovered. Access to the site is
restricted by a fence. Approximately 4,200 people depend on private wells and small public wells
within 3 miles of the site as their sole source of drinking water. Indian River Creek, about a mile
from the site, is used for fishing. Recreational fishing and hunting occur in the area surrounding the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with various VOCs that have leaked from
buried drums on the site. The possibility of high concentrations of VOCs in the soil
being transmitted through the air poses a threat to area residents. In addition, direct
contact with contaminated areas or contamination of the drinking water supply may pose
a risk to the nearby public. The potential for fire or explosion of volatile gases at the site
also is of concern.
191
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under State supervision in 1983, the potentially responsible
parties installed monitoring wells, excavated and removed 100 drums, and stockpiled
contaminated soils on site. In 1983 to 1984, the EPA carried out an emergency removal of
buried containers suspected to contain pathogenic organisms. Also, the EPA removed 131 full
bottles and hundreds of broken containers from the site and disposed of them in an approved landfill.
Ten drums of non-hazardous waste also were landfilled. The stockpiled soil was treated with a soil
shredder and was rendered neutral in 1988.
Entire Site: In 1989, the potentially responsible parties began an intensive study of site
contamination. In 1990, the EPA took over the investigation. This investigation is
exploring the nature and extent of soil and groundwater problems and will recommend the
best strategies for final cleanup. It is slated for completion in 1991. Once this phase of the cleanup
process has been completed, the EPA will evaluate the investigation findings and will select final
cleanup strategies for the remaining site contamination.
Site Facts: In 1987, the State of Pennsylvania and the potentially responsible parties signed a
Consent Order to conduct a study into the site contamination. In 1990, the EPA took over the
investigation from the potentially responsible parties because of delays in their performance of the
work.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, drums, and other containers from the site by the potentially
responsible parties and the EPA, in addition to fencing the site, have removed the source of site
contamination, reducing the potential for contamination of water supplies from the Route 940 Drum
Dump site while further investigations and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991 192 ROUTE 940 DRUM DUMP
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SAEGERTOWN
INDUSTRIAL
AREA
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980692487
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Crawford County
Saegertown
Other Names:
Saegertown Borough
Saegertown Well #2
The Saegertown Industrial Area site covers about 100 acres that contain several industrial
operations. In 1980, State analysts discovered volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the
Saegertown Municipal Water Authority's Well #2. Several potential sources of VOCs and lead
contamination have been identified on site. GATX cleaned and repaired railroad tank cars here from
the mid-1950s to 1965, disposing of wash water, solvents, sludge, and tanker waste on site. EPA
tests in 1984 found VOCs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in on-site pond sediments
and soil. On-site monitoring wells also revealed contamination from lead and other heavy metals.
Saegertown Manufacturing Co. has produced small steel components in the area since 1964. In
1981, the Commonwealth detected lead and VOC products in the company's septic tank and on-site
wells. Since 1969, Spectrum Control, Inc. manufactured ceramic capacitors here, using VOCs in the
cleaning process. VOCs also were found in on-site monitoring wells. The Lord Corporation
produced adhesives, urethane coatings, and "rubber chemicals" on the site. Manufacturing processes
use various VOCs. Other potential sources have been identified and currently are being evaluated.
Approximately 1,200 people draw drinking water from municipal wells and a private well within 3
miles of the site. There are approximately 3,400 people living within a 3-mile radius of the site, and
1,100 people live within a 1-mile radius.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
The town's municipal well was contaminated with various VOCs; on-site monitoring
wells and industrial septic tanks also are contaminated with heavy metals including lead.
The well was removed from service, but was put back into use again in 1984 because the
contamination levels have fallen below the levels of health concerns. Soil and pond
sediments are polluted with VOCs and PAHs. Possible health threats include
accidentally ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated soils,
groundwater, and surface water. Since access to the site is open, workers and trespassers
are most at risk. Ten to 20 acres of farmland in the area are irrigated with well water.
193
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1990, the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination began
conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
Selection of the final cleanup remedy is expected in 1992.
Site Facts: A Consent Order between the EPA and the potentially responsible parties was signed
on January 31,1990, requiring the potentially responsible parties to conduct site investigations.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary site evaluations and determined
that the Saegertown Industrial Area site does not pose an immediate threat to the public or the
environment while waiting for cleanup activities to begin.
April 1991
194
SAEGERTOWN INDUSTRIAL AREA
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SALFORD
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980693204
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Montgomery County
On Quarry Road in Lower Salford Township
Other Names:
American Olean
The 3-acre Salford Quarry is an abandoned stone quarry, purchased for waste disposal in 1963
by American Olean Tile Company, a subsidiary of the National Gypsum Company. Waste tiles,
unfused tile slurry, and other production wastes were disposed of at the site until 1980, when the
State received complaints that tanks were buried there. In 1981, the owner discovered two
10,000-gallon tanks containing boron and fuel oil. After the company pumped out the oil, the
site officially was closed in 1982, in accordance with a State-approved plan. Approximately
54,000 people draw drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Three private wells exist near the site, but most local residents receive water from a public
supply. A private well 650 feet from the site contains high concentrations of boron
contamination.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals
including arsenic and cyanide and large amounts of boron from former waste
disposal practices have been detected in the groundwater. A nearby spring
contains VOCs and various heavy metals that are contaminating the soil. Possible
health risks include the ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated
groundwater, surface water, or soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on soil and groundwater cleanup at the site.
195
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The site was closed in 1982. The closure plan involved installing
a soil cap, grading, and revegetating the site.
Soil and Groundwater: Under an agreement with the EPA, the parties potentially
responsible for the site contamination are conducting an intensive study of soil and
groundwater contamination. The investigation will evaluate the nature and extent of the
pollution and will identify the best cleanup strategies. This study is slated for completion in 1992.
Site Facts: American Olean signed a Consent Agreement in 1988 to conduct a study of the site
and its contamination. The potentially responsible parties contended that VOCs were not part of
their manufacturing wastes.
Environmental Progress
The actions performed by the potentially responsible parties during closure of the site stabilized
the Salford Quarry site and eliminated immediate threats to nearby residents and the environment
while studies and cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 196 SALFORD QUARRY
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SHRIVER'S
PENNSYLVANI
EPA ID# PAD98083
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
Adams County
Route 394 in Straban Township
Other Names:
Gulp Property
Westinghouse #1 & #4
Site Description
The Shriver's Corner site is composed of two areas covering about 10 acres. Both areas have
accepted drums of liquid wastes from the Westinghouse Elevator Plant, a site in Cumberland
Township that also is on the NPL. Westinghouse workers disposed of drums containing volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Liquid wastes, paint sludges, solvents, and VOCs reportedly were
dumped at the southern edge of the property. Approximately 5,000 people use wells within 3 miles
of the site as a source of drinking water. Approximately 250 people live within a mile of the site; the
nearest residence is 100 feet away, and the nearest well is 10 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including toluene and xylene from former
waste disposal practices. Threats to the public include drinking contaminated well water
and coming into direct contact with any remaining contaminated wastes left on the site.
Westinghouse has provided carbon filters for affected residential wells in the area.
197
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on groundwater cleanup at the site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, Westinghouse removed about 80 surface drums and 250
cubic yards of contaminated soils and sent the materials to an EPA-approved disposal site.
A 2-inch soil cover was placed in the Shealer area of the site. The company also provided
carbon filters for some residential wells. These actions eliminated the immediate threats to the
affected public and are controlling further site contamination.
Groundwater: Under EPA supervision, Westinghouse is conducting an intensive study
into groundwater contamination at the site. This investigation, scheduled for completion
in 1992, will explore the nature and extent of the problem and will identify the best
approaches for final cleanup.
Site Facts: In April 1984, under a Consent Order, Westinghouse removed drums and soils and
provided well filters. Westinghouse agreed to conduct the investigation of the site contamination
under a Consent Order with the EPA signed in March 1987.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated drums and soil, providing well filters to affected residents, and placing a
cap on soils, Westinghouse and the EPA have reduced the risk of exposure to contaminants for
residents near the Shriver's Corner site while investigations are taking place and cleanup activities
are being planned.
April 1991 198 SHRIVER'S CORNER
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STANLEY KE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD014269971
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Montgomery County
King of Prussia
Other Names:
Weldwire Kessler
Kessler Stanley & Co. Inc.
Metal recycling operations were carried out in the one building of the Stanley Kessler site in King of
Prussia from the 1960s through the early 1980s. Workers disposed of cooling water contaminated
with organic solvents in an underground septic tank and into a cesspool with no structural bottom.
An "acid waste neutralization system" was used on site prior to 1963. The site currently is an active
wire respooling facility. Organic compounds like trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene
were detected in the Upper Merion Reservoir about 1/2 mile away from the site. The reservoir is a
major source of drinking water for the Philadelphia Suburban Water Company, which serves an
estimated 800,000 people. The EPA filed suit against the company in 1980, citing violations of
environmental laws governing waste disposal and drinking water. Approximately 5,000 people live
within a mile of the site. A school is located about 2,000 feet south of the site. The area surrounding
the site is industrial, with private residences situated beyond the neighboring industrial facilities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
TCE from the former waste disposal practices. On-site soils also were found to contain
VOCs including ethyl benzene, methylene chloride, and toluene. VOCs have been
detected in the drinking water reservoir. People may be at risk by drinking contaminated
groundwater or by accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated
soil. Environmental exposure also is possible if the adjacent stream receives
contaminated runoff from the site.
199
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, Stanley Kessler removed liquid wastes and 60 to 80
cubic yards of contaminated soil from the cesspool and septic tank and removed them
from the site. The tank areas then were backfilled. The company also has drilled five
monitoring wells on the site. In 1984, the company installed a small groundwater recovery and
treatment system on site. The company has conducted limited groundwater monitoring since 1985.
Entire Site: The Stanley Kessler Company, under EPA monitoring, will begin an
intensive study of site contamination as ordered under a 1991 Consent Decree.
Site Facts: In January 1991, the EPA issued a Consent Decree to the potentially responsible
parties to perform site studies and to pay for past costs associated with the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the contaminated soil and liquid waste and the installation of a groundwater
treatment system have reduced the potential for exposure to or migration of contaminated materials
at the Stanley Kessler site while studies leading to a final selection of the cleanup alternatives are
taking place. The EPA has determined that contamination at the site currently does not pose an
immediate threat to neighboring residents or the environment.
April 1991 200 STANLEY KESSLER
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STRASBURG
LANDFILL
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD000441337
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Chester County
Near Coatsville in West Bradford
and Newlin Townships
The 222-acre Strasburg Landfill site was bought in 1973 by Strasburg Associates and received a
permit in 1975 to accept municipal wastes. Strasburg Landfill Associates purchased the site in 1978
and eventually began operations, using 22 acres near the center of the site. In 1979, the landfill was
licensed to receive industrial waste under a new permit. Records show that Diamond Shamrock
Chemicals Company sent 500 to 600 tons of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wastes to the landfill in 1979,
and that Gichner Mobile Systems disposed of heavy-metal sludge there. The Commonwealth
prohibited the landfill from receiving an industrial waste permit in 1980. Early in 1983, the
Commonwealth found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals in on-site monitoring
wells and various VOCs in an off-site private well downgradient of the landfill. The same
contaminants were discovered in liquids leaching from the site. In 1983, the Commonwealth closed
the operation. The site is in a rural area. About 800 people draw drinking water from municipal
wells within 3 miles of the landfill; however, the homes downgradient of the site use private wells.
The Brandywine Creek flows within 1/2 mile from the landfill. Briar Run Creek, which flows into
the Brandywine Creek, is within 300 feet of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Soil and an on-site well are contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including lead
and copper from former disposal practices. Drinking water in three private off-site wells
downgradient of the site contains VOCs. Briar Run Creek contains various VOCs.
Consumption of contaminated groundwater and direct contact with contaminated liquids
on the site pose potential health risks. Access to the site is unrestricted, making it
possible for people and animals to come into direct contact with contaminated liquids.
201
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site, installation of a fence, and on cleanup of the landfill area.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: When the landfill was closed in 1983, the parties potentially
responsible for the site contamination covered the area with 2 feet of soil above a plastic
liner, stabilized the site, and planted it. In addition, they installed a system to collect
liquids leaching from the site. Currently, about 8,000 to 11,500 gallons of leachate are collected
daily and are treated on-site before being discharged through a permitted outfall.
Entire Site: In 1989, the potentially responsible parties provided an alternate drinking
water supply to all homes downgradient of the site with wells found to be contaminated
with VOCs, directed discharge from the large seep southeast of the landfill into existing
collection systems, and constructed an on-site air stripper system to handle all leachate generated by
the collection system.
Fence: In 1991, the EPA determined that a fence was required around 22 acres of the
landfill to eliminate direct contact threats. This fence is scheduled to be constructed by the
potentially responsible parties.
Landfill: The landfill area is being studied to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the area, as well as to determine the most appropriate measures for
reducing risk from the landfill leachate. The study is expected to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: In June 1989, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to the potentially
responsible parties to haul the leachate off-site and to provide and install water filters in two
residences.
Environmental Progress
The continued daily removal of leachate, the provision of an alternate drinking water supply, and the
additional completed cleanup activities have reduced contamination and have limited the potential
for exposure to contaminants at the Strasburg Landfill site while other cleanup activities are taking
place and studies are being completed.
April 1991 202 STRASBURG LANDFILL
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TAYLOR BO
DUMP
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980693907
Site Description —
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Lackawanna County
Taylor Borough, 3 miles south
of City of Scranton
Other Names:
Old City of Scranton Landfill #1
Taylor Borough Dump is a privately owned, inactive landfill that covers 125 acres in Taylor.
The City of Scranton, located about 3 miles north of the site, used the former underground and
strip mine as a municipal dump from 1964 through 1968. The unfenced site was placed on the
NPL because approximately 1,200 drums containing hazardous organic chemicals and heavy
metals had been dumped illegally there. Drums were found in six main areas on the site. Wastes
had escaped from the drums and contaminated the soil, surface water, sediments, groundwater,
and the surrounding air. Even after the EPA built a fence around the area, trespassers breached it
to bike, jog, and hunt on the site. The landfill is near a residential area and a community park. It
is estimated that 1,000 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site, and 10,000 people live
within 3 miles of the site. A residential development borders the southeastern edge of the
landfill, but the nearest dwelling is several hundred feet from the closest area used for drum
waste disposal. Residents obtain water from a surface water supply that does not receive runoff
from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Ambient air on the site and at a nearby residence showed the presence of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and chlordane, a pesticide. There was a potential for
methane and waste-contaminated gases to migrate to nearby residences. Contaminants
in the groundwater on site included phthalic acid esters, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), chlordane, and arsenic. Contaminants detected in sediments included
antimony, arsenic, lead, and PCBs. On-site soils contained phthalic acid esters,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic, and lead. Off-site surface water
contained lead, chlordane, and PCBs. People who came in direct contact with, inhaled,
or accidentally ingested contaminants were at risk. Residents using ponds located on
the site for recreation and fishing may have been at risk from contact with contaminated
water or from eating contaminated fish.
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on source control and groundwater monitoring.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA removed 250 tons of hazardous solids and
1,595 gallons of liquid, as well as approximately 850 drums from the site. Workers
built security gates across the roads to prevent unauthorized dumping and vehicular
access. In 1987, the EPA conducted a removal operation that featured disposal, drum repacking,
organization of materials, control of contaminant movement, excavation, security, restoration,
and sampling.
Source Control and Groundwater Monitoring: Two separate remedies were
selected for this site. One focused on the removal and disposal of wastes and
contaminated materials, and the other focused on groundwater monitoring. Source
Control: the selected remedy featured removal and off-site disposal of 125 drums and remnants;
collection and treatment of contaminated water in ponds; excavation and off-site disposal of
contaminated soils; and construction of a soil cover over the area. This cleanup work was
completed in 1988. Groundwater Monitoring: source control actions were considered so
effective in preventing the release of contaminants to the groundwater that no groundwater
cleanup was required. The EPA allowed the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination to move directly to a groundwater monitoring program to verify that continued
contamination is not occurring. In addition, the EPA and the State are conducting operation and
maintenance of the cover, as well as groundwater monitoring, using a fund set up by the EPA
with money from the potentially responsible parties.
Environmental Progress
Numerous cleanup actions have been completed at the Taylor Borough Dump, including the
removal of hazardous solids and liquids and drums. The source control actions proved to be
effective in eliminating contaminants from entering the groundwater, and no further actions were
required. In preparation for deleting the site from the NPL, EPA and the State are monitoring the
groundwater to ensure that no further contamination results from the site.
April 1991 204 TAYLOR BOROUGH DUMP
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TOBYHANNA
ARMY DEPOT
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PA5213820892
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Monroe County
Tobyhanna
Site Description
The Tobyhanna Army Depot site is a communication-electronics maintenance and supply facility
assigned to the U.S. Army Depot System Command. The 2 square miles on which the site is
located include landfills, a manufacturing area, and other disposal areas. Two pits were used to
dispose of solvents and waste oils through burning activities. The pits subsequently were filled
in with soil and were revegetated. Groundwater on and off site has been shown to be
contaminated from past disposal practices. Approximately 4,000 people live within a 3-mile
radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Specific contaminants detected in the on- and off-site groundwater and soil
include trichloroethylene (TCE) and lead. Drinking contaminated groundwater
poses a threat to the health of area residents. There are wetlands adjacent to the
site, and wildlife also may be affected by contaminants from the site.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
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April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Army is providing bottled drinking water to 65 homes in
the site area. The Army awarded a contract in 1991 to extend a permanent water line
to those homes now being provided bottled water. The estimated completion date of
the project is late 1991.
Entire Site: Pilot tests are underway to examine contamination in surface soils. In
addition, a study on groundwater treatment is being conducted by the Army. In 1990,
the Army began an intensive study of the site, to explore the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination and to recommend cleanup strategies. The investigation is scheduled
for completion in 1992.
Site Facts: A Federal Facilities Agreement, which outlines how the Army and the EPA will
proceed in investigating the site, has been signed. The Tobyhanna site is participating in the
Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of
Defense (DoD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous
contaminants at military and other DoD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The Army's provision of an alternate drinking water source has reduced the immediate threat of
exposure to contaminants while studies are being conducted and a final remedy selection is made
at the Tobyhana Army Depot site.
April 1991 206 TOBYHANNA ARMY DEPOT
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TONOLLI CORE
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD073613663
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Carbon County
Along Rte. 54 in Nesquehoning
The Tonolli Corp. site is situated on 20 acres and operated as a lead battery recycling facility
between 1974 and 1985. The recycling operations included crushing the batteries and recovering
the lead and plastics from them. The site has a lined landfill containing about 84,700 cubic yards
of waste and a surface impoundment for storing contaminated water from plant operations. In
1985, the owner and the State detected arsenic and cadmium in on-site monitoring wells. The
same year, Tonolli filed for bankruptcy. The EPA completed a preliminary assessment of the
site in 1987 and identified it as a candidate for emergency response action. The site is in a
valley, in a sparsely populated area. An estimated 13,000 people obtain drinking water from the
Lansford/Coaldale Joint Water Authority wells within 3 miles of the site. The nearest well is
within a mile of the site. Nesquehoning Creek, which is adjacent to the site property, has been
contaminated with heavy metals since 1985.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium from the former recycling operations have
been found in on-site soils and monitoring wells. Nesquehoning Creek also
contains levels of arsenic, cadmium, and lead. Drinking water supply wells
potentially could be threatened by contamination from the site. Contaminated
soils and battery casings remaining on the site. Potential threats to trespassers
include accidental ingestion or direct contact with contaminated water, soil or
debris.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
207
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the EPA completed removal actions involving the
excavation and treatment of liquids and sludges in a lagoon, treatment and disposal of
liquids in the site's storage tank, construction of a surface water collection and
treatment system, and repair of the fence to limit site access. The site conditions were stabilized,
hazardous substances were removed, the lagoon was filled, the area was regraded, and security
measures were taken.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties are performing an intensive site
study, under EPA monitoring. This investigation will determine the nature and extent
of contamination at the site and will recommend cleanup strategies. The first phase of
the investigation was completed in 1990. A second round of limited sampling is planned for late
1991. A report summarizing all results will be delivered after the study is completed, at which
time the EPA will select the final remedies.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA executed a Consent Order with 46 potentially responsible parties
for a study to determine the nature and extent of contamination and to identify alternatives for
cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The timely removal of contaminated liquids and sludges from the site and the construction of a
water collection and treatment system have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials at the Tonolli Corp. site while it awaits results of the investigation into cleanup
alternatives and the final selection of a remedy for cleanup of the site.
April 1991 208 TONOLLJ CORP.
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TYSONS DUMF5
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980692024
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Montgomery County
Upper Merion Township
This privately owned dump, a former sandstone quany, covers 4 acres in Upper Merion
Township. The site received wastes from 1962 to 1970; both septic and chemical wastes were
disposed of in a series of unlined lagoons. In the 1970s, sludges and liquid wastes, primarily
chlorinated and other organic solvents, were dumped into the lagoons. Water leaching from the
site flowed into the nearby Schuylkill River, which provides drinking water to more than 30,000
people in Norristown and other communities. The State ordered the facility closed in 1973.
During closure, the lagoons reportedly were emptied of standing water, backfilled, vegetated,
and the contents were transported off site, although contaminated soils remained on site. In early
1983, the EPA received a citizen complaint about noxious odors emanating from the site; an
investigation determined that immediate removal measures were necessary. An estimated
26,000 people live in the residential area of Upper Merion. Water intakes for Norristown and
Philadelphia are downstream of the site on the Schuylkill River. The site regularly has been used
for motorbiking and other recreation. Approximately 1,000 people live or work within 1/4 mile
of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found in air sampled by the State.
Groundwater and soils on the site are contaminated with chlorinated and other
organic solvents including benzene, xylene, and chlorobenzene. Surface water
was contaminated with trichloropropane. Possible health risks include coming in
direct contact with, inhaling, or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil. No
drinking water wells exist between the site and the Schuylkill River, so
groundwater ingestion is unlikely. A wetland and deep aquifer are threatened by
contaminant runoff from the site.
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April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on soil cleanup and cleanup of the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, the following emergency responses were performed by
the EPA: monitoring wells were installed, a leachate collection and treatment system were
constructed, and a security fence was erected around the lagoon areas, which also were
covered with a soil cap. Portions of the site were reseeded and regraded to control drainage. The
threat of direct contact with contaminants on site has been reduced through these measures.
Soil: While the lagoons were emptied and backfilled when the dump was closed in 1973,
the contaminated soil at the bottom was never removed and continued to pollute the area.
Thus, in 1984, the EPA recommended excavation of these materials and disposal at an
EPA-approved landfill. The engineering design was begun in spring 1985. However, this approach
was suspended in 1987, when Ciba-Geigy and other parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination proposed financing a different cleanup strategy. This proposal formally became the
selected on-site remedy and includes an innovative soil-cleaning technology called vacuum
extraction, in place of excavation. Full-line start-up of the soil vacuum extraction system began in
fall 1988, but in early 1989, the well screens became clogged with a tar-like substance. Later in
1989, the EPA evaluated the feasibility of screen cleaning by steam injection and solvent washing
and changed the screen cleaning method to hot air injection. This method and solvent washing
appear to be keeping the well screens open. The EPA has been monitoring progress, and target
cleanup levels have not yet been met. Therefore, the Agency is considering an extension of the
cleanup period.
Groundwater: In the fall of 1988, the EPA chose pumping and treating groundwater as
the remedy for off-site contamination. The groundwater is being pumped and treated by a
steam stripping system to remove contamination. The off-site groundwater treatment
system began operating in the fall of 1989. After additional study, in 1990, the EPA determined that
there was a need to install additional extraction wells along the southern bank of the river and
Barbadoes Island in the middle of the river. The engineering design of this part of the remedy is
underway and is expected to be completed in 1993. Additional studies of the groundwater are
ongoing.
Site Facts: A partial Consent Decree was signed in June 1988 by the EPA, the Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources, Ciba-Geigy Corp., Wyeth Labs, Smith-Kline Beckman
Corp., and Essex Group, Inc. to conduct the cleanup of the site.
Environmental Progress
The numerous emergency actions taken at the Tysons Dump site immediately addressed the areas of
greatest concern while further cleanup technologies were studied and designed. The soil and
groundwater cleanup systems currently are operative, and their effectiveness will be closely
monitored by the EPA.
April 1991 210 TYSONS DUMP
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VOORTMAN
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980692719
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Lehigh County
Upper Saucon Township, 1 mile
southwest of Ladark
The contamination area on the 43-acre Voortman Farm consisted of a large sinkhole, measuring
48 feet wide by 100 feet deep. When the site was placed on the NPL in 1982, it was reported
that 10,000 battery casings had been dumped into the sinkhole. The State detected elevated
concentrations of heavy metals in the sinkhole in 1983. Analyses of nearby domestic wells
showed heavy metals below maximum permissible limits. A fire in the sinkhole in the fall of
1986 was extinguished by the State. The area surrounding the site is primarily agricultural.
About 9,700 people live in Upper Saucon Township. The closest dwellings are to the west of the
site, along Vera Cruz Road. A public golf course is located toward the southeastern end of the
Voortman Farm.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through Federal
and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 06/01/89
Threats and Contaminants
The air may have been temporarily contaminated with lead during the sinkhole
fire in 1986, and people may have been exposed to airborne lead at the time of the
fire. Battery casings contaminated the soil prior to excavation of the wastes and
soil.
Cleanup Approach
The site has been addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a single long-term remedial
phase focused on cleanup of the entire site.
211
April 1991
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Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The State hired contractors to excavate the sinkhole and to
remove the burning battery cases. The fire was extinguished within a month. After
the fire was extinguished in 1986, the State managed the excavation of the sinkhole
and the removal of 230 cubic yards of wastes and contaminated soil to an authorized landfill.
This action resulted in the elimination of the sources of contamination.
Entire Site: Studies conducted in 1987 and 1988, which included sampling of
residential tap water, soil, and surface water, demonstrated that the 1986 cleanup had
been effective. The EPA selected the remedy "No Action, with continued monitoring"
in 1988, and the site was deleted from the NPL on June 1,1989. The State of Pennsylvania will
continue to monitor the site to ensure the absence of contaminants. The monitoring program is
expected to be completed by 1993.
Site Facts: Citizens' complaints in 1980 prompted the immediate prohibition of dumping at
the Voortman Farm and the subsequent site investigation.
Environmental Progress
The State and the EPA have been successful in removing all sources of contamination from the
sinkhole on the Voortman Farm site. As a result of these actions, the EPA, in consultation with
the State, has determined that the site no longer poses a threat to human health or the
environment and has deleted the site from the NPL. The State will continue to monitor the site
to ensure that no further contamination is detected in the area groundwater.
April 1991
212
VOORTMAN FARM
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WADE (ABM)
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980539407
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Delaware County
Delaware River in Chester, 9 miles
south of Philadelphia
Site Description
The 3-acre Wade site operated as a rubber recycling facility from around 1950 to the early
1970s, and then was converted to an illegal industrial waste storage and disposal facility.
Workers stored drums on site, or dumped their contents either directly onto the ground or into
trenches, severely contaminating soil and groundwater. Wastes include toxic chemicals and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as acid and cyanide salts. In 1978, a fire at the
operation destroyed one building and caused extensive damage to two others used for stockpiling
drummed wastes. Forty-seven firefighters were hospitalized. Burned building debris, exploded
drums, tires, shredded rubber, and contaminated earth littered the property. About 150,000
gallons of waste materials remained on site after the fire. Most of the wastes were in 55-gallon
drums stored in the fire-damaged buildings. The site is in a light industrial area; the nearest
residential area is about 1,000 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through Federal
and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 03/22/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil were contaminated with heavy metals including
arsenic, chromium, mercury, and lead; PCBs; plastic resins; and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from past disposal activities. Since this is an ecologically
sensitive area, numerous threats existed not only to area residents and workers,
but also to surrounding wetlands, wildlife, and marine animals.
Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
213
April! 991
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Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1981 and 1982, the EPA undertook two separate
emergency actions to clean up this site. Workers removed 5,000 gallons of PCB-
contaminated waste and 10,000 gallons of other hazardous wastes for incineration.
They also removed 155 tons of contaminated solids.
Entire Site: Remedies selected for the site include: the removal, decontamination,
and disposal of tires, tankers, waste piles, and buildings; site leveling, filling, and
grading; soil removal down to the depth at which the first acceptably contaminated
sample is found; and covering the site with topsoil and seeding this soil cover to minimize
erosion. The State managed the site cleanup, which started in 1987, and was completed in the
same year. The EPA, in conjunction with the State, deleted the site from the NPL in 1989.
Site Facts: In 1985, an enforcement settlement was reached with one of the parties potentially
responsible for the site contamination. The State of Pennsylvania and the EPA undertook partial
cleanup, and the State completed cleanup activities with the money contributed by the potentially
responsible parties.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities have been completed at the Wade site, eliminating the threat to human
health and the environment. The EPA has determined that the site and its surroundings are now
safe, allowing the site to be deleted from the NPL.
April 1991
214
WADE (ABM)
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WELSH
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980829527
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Chester County
On Welsh Road in
Honey Brook Township
Other Names:
Barkman Landfill
Honeybrook
Site Description
The Welsh Landfill site is situated on 8 acres along a forested ridge about 2 miles north of Honey
Brook. It was operated as a sanitary landfill from before 1970 until 1977, but no State permit
ever was issued for the disposal of solid waste. Investigations in the 1980s revealed that the
facility had accepted industrial and hazardous waste, as well as municipal trash, and that several
monitoring and domestic wells in the area were contaminated with both organic and inorganic
compounds. Abandoned vehicles, appliances, 55-gallon drums, and other debris are scattered
over the site. It continues to operate as a solid waste transfer station and salvage yard. Access to
the site is virtually unrestricted. The surrounding area is rural and residential, with 300 homes or
occupied buildings within a 3-mile radius of the site and 20 residences within 1/2 mile. All use
private wells for drinking water. The population within 3/4 mile of the site is about 1,200. The
site is bordered to the south by a narrow band of trees, beyond which are farmlands.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Sampling of the on-site air indicated the presence of volatile hydrogen chloride and
chloroform. The on-site groundwater contains mercury, toluene, and other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from former disposal practices. Residential well water
off site was found to contain chloromethane, chloroform, xylenes, and other VOCs, as
well as lead, mercury, and zinc. The sediments off site are contaminated with
cadmium and lead. Direct contact with or drinking contaminated groundwater, as
well as inhaling volatile contaminants that evaporate from groundwater or that occur
in gases or vapors, may threaten the health of those in the area. Trespassers could be
exposed to chemicals by coming in direct contact with soils, sediments, or the waste
containers remaining on the site.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases directed at providing a safe water supply and cleanup of the groundwater.
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Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1985, the EPA approved the funds to start removing
contaminated materials. The work was divided between the EPA and the owner, who
conducted on-site cleanup and disposed of 26 drums. The EPA performed soil
sampling and off-site well monitoring to determine the extent of contamination. Drummed
wastes were removed from the site. The owner currently is removing the remaining debris and
salvage materials. Bottled water has been provided by the State since 1989 to 44 homes.
Water Supply and Landfill: The State conducted a study to determine the nature
and extent of contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup from 1986 to 1990.
The EPA's final decision was prepared to address the cleanup of the contaminated
drinking water supply and the landfill as a source of contamination. A proposed plan was
released in 1990 for public comment, and the final decision calls for the extension of the
municipal water line to the affected areas, capping the landfill, resource recovery, and
institutional controls. The design of the selected cleanup now is underway. Both the water line
and landfill cap design are planned to be completed in 1992. The final cleanup actions will take
place once the design of the remedy is completed.
Groundwater: A focused investigation began in 1990 to characterize groundwater
flow and to assess remedies for the site. The investigation is scheduled for completion
in 1992.
Site Facts: Odor episodes have been reported by local residents. In spring 1990, the EPA
issued an Administrative Order to the site owner, requiring him to remove all debris and salvage
materials from the surface of the landfill in an environmentally sound manner. The owner is
complying with the Order, and the site is expected to be cleared by fall 1991.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and contaminated wastes from the Welsh Landfill site, as well as the
provision of temporary drinking water to the homes affected by contaminated groundwater, have
reduced the exposure potential while the site awaits final solutions for the cleanup of
contaminated groundwater.
April! 991 216 WELSH LANDFILL
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WESTINGHOl
ELECTRIC
CORP.
(SHARON P
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD005000575
Site Description
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Mercer County
Sharon
The 50-acre Westinghouse plant in Sharon produced and repaired transformers from 1922 to
1984. From 1936 to 1976, Westinghouse used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as a
conducting fluid in some of the transformers. PCBs were spilled in certain areas during routine
operations. At least 6,000 gallons of solvents and oil leaked from an underground tank in 1984.
In 1985, the EPA detected PCBs at two of the four points where the plant discharges wastewater
to the Shenango River. The company had a discharge permit under the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources (PADER) detected PCBs in river sediments between the site and a water intake for the
Shenango Valley Water Company, which provides drinking water to approximately 75,000
people. The water intake is 1,600 feet downstream of the plant's discharge points.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/16788
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The sediments and surface water of the Shenango River are contaminated with
PCBs from the former site operations. People who come into direct contact with
or accidentally ingest contaminated sediments or surface water may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
217
April! 991
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1976, approximately 48,000 gallons of PCBs and 15,000 gallons
of organic solvents were removed from the site and were incinerated.
Entire Site: Westinghouse currently is conducting a study to determine the nature
and extent of contamination at the site. The study, scheduled to be completed in 1992,
will identify the contaminants and will identify alternatives for the final cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1985, the PADER issued Westinghouse an Administrative Order to conduct a
study of conditions at the site and to submit a cleanup plan.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (Sharon Plant) site
while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1991
218
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP.
(SHARON PLANT)
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WESTINGHOUSE
ELEVATOR CO.
PLANT
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD043882281
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
Adams County
Cumberland Township
Other Names:
Westinghouse #3
Site Description
The Westinghouse Elevator Co. Plant manufactured elevators on this 85-acre site. The plant has
been sold to Shendler Industries. The elevators are processed through a paint and degreasing line
that uses chlorinated solvents. Until 1980, the company practice was to put the waste solvents and
sludges into drums and dispose of them through a local hauler, with no direction given as to proper
disposal procedures. In 1983, in response to concerns presented by the Adams County Community
Environmental Control, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER)
conducted an investigation that identified five contaminated sites in the Gettysburg area, all
potentially associated with the Westinghouse plant. Further studies found that private wells around
the plant also were contaminated. Plant contamination has been attributed to sloppy operations. The
population within 3 miles of the site is approximately 13,500. Adjacent to the site are streams that
flow into Rock Creek, which is used for irrigation and swimming.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible panics' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water are contaminated with trichloroethane and
dichloroethylene from the painting and degreasing operations on the site.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been detected in groundwater at levels exceeding the
accepted background level, which could cause a threat of contamination to nearby wells.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been detected in neighboring stream
sediments. Soils have been contaminated with metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
and VOCs. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater, surface water, sediments, or soil could be at risk.
219
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase aimed
at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1984, Westinghouse began supplying 12 residents in the vicinity
of the elevator plant with bottled water. Later that year, the EPA installed a water line that
supplied water to residents with contaminated wells. In addition, the lagoon embankment
and sludge material, plus some unopened drums, were removed from the site. Subsequently, a fence
was installed around the lagoon. In 1987, Westinghouse implemented a series of measures to
control erosion, drainage, and sedimentation. These included installing dikes around the lagoon and
stressed vegetation and covering the lagoon with mulch. The stressed vegetation area was covered
with mulch and plastic sheeting, the southwest corner of the lagoon was regraded, a silt fence was
installed around the lagoon next to the stream, a culvert was removed, and the channel in the East
stream was reshaped.
Entire Site: Westinghouse is studying the type and extent of contamination at the plant.
The studies are planned to be completed in 1991 and will recommend alternatives for the
cleanup. Westinghouse has installed a new tower to treat the groundwater and currently is
pumping and treating the groundwater at the plant. Once the studies have been completed, a final
remedy selection will be made by the EPA and Westinghouse.
Site Facts: The EPA and Westinghouse signed a Consent Order in 1988, under which
Westinghouse is to study the type and extent of contamination at the site and to identify alternatives
for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The provision of a safe drinking water supply to the affected residents near the Westinghouse
Elevator Co. Plant and the installation of a fence have reudced the potential for exposure to
contamination exposure at the site. Ongoing groundwater treatment continues to reduce
contamination while a final remedy for the site contamination is being sought.
April 1991 220 WESTINGHOUSE ELEVATOR CO. PLANT
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WESTLINE SI
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980692537
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 23
McKean County
Westline
Site Description
This 40-acre site on the northern side of Westline once contained a lumber processing facility
that operated for the first half of the century. Its chemical plant converted lumber into charcoal,
methanol, and acetic acid, until a fire and explosion caused its closure in 1952. The plant's
foundation, demolition debris, and a tar-like production waste containing high levels of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and various phenolic compounds were left behind by
the previous facility operators. The waste material was disposed of, or flowed into, natural or
excavated depressions located hundreds of feet away within the town. The site consists of most
of Westline and its adjacent streams, including Kinzua Creek and Turnip Run. The dispersed
waste tar deposits range in area and some are up to 9 feet thick. A 1,500-square-foot, 6-inch
thick deposit is located behind the Westline Church; an even larger deposit was removed in
1983. Plant-related contaminants have been detected mainly in surface soils and ground water.
As of 1988, however, domestic wells no longer were being used. Westline's water supply now is
a spring, which has not been polluted, located to the north of the town. The surrounding area is
rural, and the town is surrounded by the Allegheny National Forest. Westline has a small,
permanent resident population of about 100, which increases seasonally. Hunting and fishing
camps are located throughout the town.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
The contaminant causing the most concern in the groundwater is benzene.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been detected in one monitoring well.
PAHs from tar deposits, rainwater infiltration, migration in surface water, and
movement in the air pose a threat to people who come in direct contact with,
inhale, or ingest contaminated materials. Water and food chain contamination are
said to be negligible, since the town began using the nearby spring as a new water
supply. The town is located in a 100-year flood plain; areas containing tar would
be subject to erosion if a flood occurred, possibly causing contaminants to enter
the Allegheny Reservoir. Low levels of VOCs were found in Kinzua Creek,
which discharges into the Allegheny Reservoir.
221
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on source control and groundwater monitoring.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the property owners placed a fence and warning signs
around the property. Also in 1983, the EPA conducted two emergency actions at the
site. Workers capped the largest tar deposit with clay and then covered and graded the
area with clean fill that was seeded and mulched. Cracks soon appeared in the cover, however,
and liquids again began leaching from the area. At this point, the EPA excavated and removed
2,000 tons of tar and contaminated soils from the site.
Source Control: The cleanup actions recommended for source control feature: (1)
excavating tar from all known deposits and any that were discovered during the work;
(2) removing contaminated soils; (3) backfilling and revegetating excavations; (4)
transporting contaminated materials to an EPA-licensed facility for incineration; (5) conducting
groundwater studies; and (6) checking the flood plain area periodically for tar deposits newly
exposed by erosion. Removal of tar deposits was completed in 1990. The activities included
further, but not total, removal of the major tar deposit partially excavated in 1983. This area has
been cleaned up to levels that do not pose an immediate threat to human health or the
environment.
Groundwater Monitoring: The EPA has determined that no further action is
required to clean up the groundwater. Since Westline now is getting drinking water
from an unpolluted source, and since groundwater is not severely contaminated, the
natural processes that gradually clear groundwater pollution will be allowed to take their course.
This process is estimated to take from five to ten years. The EPA will continue to monitor
groundwater to ensure that natural processes are effective and will prohibit the construction of
any new drinking water wells in the vicinity.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a fence to limit access to the site and removing tar and contaminated soil from
the areas of greatest pollution, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Westline
Site has been reduced. The EPA has completed all planned cleanup activities and will continue
to monitor the site to ensure that safety levels are maintained.
April 1991 222 WESTLINE SITE
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WHITMOYER
LABORATORI
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD003005014
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Lebanon County
1 mile southwest of Myerstown
Other Names:
Whitmoyer Laboratories
Site Description
The Whitmoyer Laboratories (WHI) site occupies 22 acres on Fairlane Avenue. The company
manufactured veterinary Pharmaceuticals between 1934 and 1984 and produced and stored
aniline and soluble arsenic compounds. Arsenic wastes were disposed of in concrete vaults,
holding tanks, and unlined lagoons. As much as 4 million pounds of soluble arsenic wastes may
have been placed in the lagoons during the 1960s. The site itself features 17 buildings, 23
storage tanks, a concrete storage vault, 2 lagoons, a waste pit, a petroleum products pipeline and
pump station, and a railroad spur. All have been abandoned except for one building, which is
operated as a food warehouse, and the pipeline and pump station. The laboratory changed
ownership from Whitmoyer to Rohm & Haas in 1964, to Smith-Kline Beecham in 1978, and to
Stafford Laboratories in 1982. In 1964, Rohm & Haas detected arsenic pollution in the soils,
groundwater, and surface water that had been caused by previous waste disposal in the unlined
lagoons. A concrete vault was constructed to accept the lagoon sludges and other contaminated
materials. About 4,700 people use wells within 3 miles of the site. The closest home is within
200 feet of the site, and 1,300 people live within a 1-mile radius. A grade school stands 1/2 mile
away. Tulpehocken Creek, which has been proposed as part of Pennsylvania's scenic river
system, flows a few yards from the site. In addition, very small pockets of ecologically
significant wetlands exist along the creek.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
On- and off-site groundwater and surface water contain arsenic and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from former disposal practices. Soil and on- and off-
site sediments are contaminated with arsenic and some organics. Wastes in the
concrete vault and lagoon are polluted with arsenic and aniline. Health risks exist
from drinking or inhaling contaminated groundwater. This risk, however, has
been reduced by supplying bottled water. Potential risks also exist from direct
contact, accidental ingestion, or inhalation of on-site soils, surface waters, or
sediments, or inhalation of airborne contaminants. Consumption of crops or
livestock raised in the adjoining fields also is of concern.
223
April!991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on the cleanup of the entire site, concentrated liquids, and of the soil and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Rohm & Haas, new owners of the site in 1964, excavated arsenic
sludges from unlined lagoons and deposited them in a specially built concrete lagoon on
site. The EPA took emergency action in 1987 to provide bottled water to 20 homes with
contaminated wells. An EPA emergency action during 1988 and 1989 removed abandoned drums
and laboratory chemicals. In addition, this action included connecting residences to the Myerstown
municipal water supply, which currently is being carried out by the potentially responsible parties.
Entire Site: A study to determine the contamination of the vault, lagoons, miscellaneous
products, and site structures and to identify cleanup remedies was completed in early 1990.
A proposed plan was prepared for the cleanup activities for the vault, lagoons,
miscellaneous products, and site structures. The remedy selected by the EPA for the site includes
cement fixation and incineration of vault wastes, iron fixation for lagoon wastes, demolition and
incineration for buildings, and incineration and/or off-site disposal of remaining materials. The
design of the cleanup is scheduled to begin in 1991.
Concentrated Liquids: The EPA selected an early-action remedy in 1989, which
determined that the bulk liquids stored on site needed to be removed and disposed of
quickly. Workers consolidated the waste liquids into three general categories, transported
them off site for treatment, and eventually disposed of the treated liquids into an off-site surface
water body and disposed of solid residues in an off-site landfill. Organic compounds in the liquids
were destroyed via heat or biological treatment or were recycled. Tanks, vessels, and piping were
cleaned and removed.
Soils and Groundwater: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to cleanup the soil and
groundwater at the site. This remedy includes treatment with cement fixation and off-site
disposal for heavily contaminated soils, capping of lightly contaminated soils, and
pumping and treatment of contaminated groundwater. The design of the cleanup is scheduled to
begin in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1985, Whitmoyer Laboratories submitted a revised Hazardous Waste Treatment and
Storage Plan to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER). Very little of
the plan was implemented, and the plant was abandoned in 1987. The PADER returned the lead for
the site cleanup to the EPA in 1987.
Environmental Progress
The construction of the concrete vaults for the storage of contaminated sludges, the removal of
abandoned drums and laboratory chemicals, and the provision of a safe drinking water source have
made the Whitmoyer Laboratories site safer while it awaits the start of the planned remedies for
cleanup of the entire site and of the soil and groundwater.
April 1991 224 WHITMOYER LABORATORIES
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WILLIAM DICK-
LAGOONS
PENNSYLVANIA
EPA ID# PAD980537773
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Chester County
West Cain Township
Site Description
From the late 1950s to 1970, three unlined lagoons on the 4 1/2-acre William Dick Lagoons site
in West Cain Township were used for waste disposal. Chemical Learnan Tank Lines, Inc.
cleaned petroleum products, latexes, and resins from its tank trailers and dumped the final
rinsewater (and possibly residual chemical product) into the lagoons. The lagoons, about 2 acres
in total area, contained more than 4 million gallons of wastewater. Site soils are contaminated
and are moderately permeable, resulting in the contamination of groundwater. The lagoons were
not adequately diked, and two were breached in 1970, releasing about 300,000 gallons into the
nearby area and a small tributary. In 1971, some degree of cleanup was conducted by Chemical
Learnan, under an agreement with the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Chemical Leaman
collected solids from the materials in the lagoons, sprayed the liquid that remained over the land,
and filled the remaining lagoon pits with soil and vegetation. In 1987, the EPA sampled private
wells and springs used by local residents and found several to be contaminated with
trichloroethylene (TCE). Chemical Leaman agreed to provide alternate water supplies to
affected homes and to perform other cleanup activities. The Chickies Formation, within 3 miles
of the site, is the sole source of water for private wells serving 1,400 people. Numerous
residential wells surround the site, the nearest lying 400 feet to the north. A water supply intake
at Birch Run, approximately 3 miles downstream of the site, is used as an emergency source of
water for the approximately 13,600 residents of the city of Coatsville. Two trailer parks are 1/2
and 3/4 mile away from the site.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being cleaned up through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with TCE, chloroform, and other volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds from former waste
disposal activities. The soil is contaminated with a variety of VOCs and semi-VOCs,
as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides. Drinking
contaminated groundwater, inhaling volatile emissions from local wells, and coming
into direct contact with contaminated soil poses a health risk to residents.
225
April 1991
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
concentrating on cleanup of the soils and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: When local springs and wells were found to be contaminated
with TCE in 1987, Chemical Leaman agreed to provide treatment of private well water
for homes with contaminant levels above health-based criteria. More recently, the
company agreed to provide bottles water to residences with any level of TCE in their private well
water. The company continues to sample and analyze local residential wells, and is providing
treatment units and bottled water when needed. The company also has installed a fence around
the site. To date, 12 homes have been provided with full house carbon treatment units.
Soil and Groundwater: Chemical Leaman, under EPA monitoring, conducted an
intensive study of soil and groundwater contamination at the site to assess its nature
and extent and to recommend strategies for cleanup. The investigation was completed
and options for cleaning up the site were submitted in early 1990. After the parties potentially
responsible for the site contamination conducted additional investigative work on cleanup
alternatives for groundwater and site soils, cleanup methods were proposed early in 1991.
Specifically, a water line will be extended to service residences affected or potentially affected
by the site and an interim action to clean up groundwater will be implemented. The groundwater
action will include further study to adequately define site hydrogeologic conditions; installation
of groundwater extraction wells; construction of a groundwater treatment plant; discharge of
treated groundwater into a nearby stream; and installation and sampling of groundwater
monitoring wells. Upon completion of these measures, the EPA will assess groundwater
contamination and decide if further work is necessary. A decision on cleanup of contaminated
soils will be made based on the results of a vacuum extraction treatability study as well as
consideration of further alternatives. Soil cleanup criteria will be determined via modeling. The
cleanup is expected to be undertaken in three separate phases.
Site Facts: In late 1987, the EPA and Chemical Leaman entered into a Consent Agreement
whereby the company would take initial actions to secure the site and provide safe drinking
water to affected residents. In 1988, the EPA entered into a second Consent Agreement with
Chemical Leaman for the performance of a study to determine the nature and extent of site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
Provision of a safe drinking water source and the installation of a fence to restrict access to the
site have reduced the risk of exposure to contaminated materials at the William Dick Lagoons
site while selection of the cleanup remedy is underway.
April 1991 226 WILLIAM DICK LAGOONS
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YORK COUN
WASTE AND
AUTHORITY
PENNSYLVANIA
EPAID#PAD980830715
Site Description —
EPA REGION 3
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 19
York County
Hopewell Township
Other Names:
York County Refuse Authority
The York County Solid Waste and Refuse Authority Landfill has been in operation since 1974.
About 135 of the site's 300 acres are used for municipal and industrial waste disposal in an unlined
landfill. The operation receives an average of 400 tons of waste each day. The site is fenced, but
public access is not restricted. Off-site groundwater contamination with several organic chemicals
has been documented since 1983. The County has installed pumping wells and water treatment
operations to control runoff and groundwater migration. Approximately 330 people live within a
1-mile radius of the site. The closest residence is less than 1,000 feet from the site.
Approximately 2,200 people living within 3 miles of the site continue to receive their drinking
water from groundwater being monitored by the County's Solid Waste Refuse Authority.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/01/85
Final Date: 07/01/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
past disposal practices. The potential health threats to area residents include drinking or
coming in contact with contaminated groundwater.
227
April! 991
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the State ordered the York County Solid Waste and
Refuse Authority to continue groundwater monitoring, provide bottled water to affected
residents, and develop plans for groundwater cleanup. The owner provided bottled water
to 25 homes in the immediate vicinity of the site. In 1985, the State requested the installation of
additional groundwater monitoring wells and the completion and operation of a groundwater
extraction and treatment system via air stripping and lining the active portion of the landfill. The
groundwater treatment system currently is active and its effectiveness is being evaluated. In 1986,
York County purchased the Eppley Trailer Park, which contained 21 homes, and condemned it to
eliminate future residential use.
Entire Site: Under EPA supervision, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination are performing an intensive study of site conditions, which explores the
extent and nature of contamination and will result in recommendations for groundwater
cleanup strategies. The parties also will examine methods for monitoring the aquifer to detect any
movement of the contaminants. The investigation is scheduled for completion in late 1991.
Site Facts: In May 1984, the State entered into a Consent Agreement with the Solid Waste and
Refuse Authority to continue groundwater monitoring, provide bottled water to affected residents,
and develop plans for cleaning groundwater. In November 1987, the State and the potentially
responsible parties negotiated a Consent Order for conducting a study at the site.
Environmental Progress
Monitoring groundwater and providing bottled water to affected residents, as well as clo.'ing down
the trailer park area, have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants in the areas
surrounding the York County Solid Waste Landfill while further investigations leading to the final
cleanup activities are taking place.
April 1991 228 YORK COUNTY SOLID WASTE
AND REFUSE AUTHORITY LANDFILL
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APPENDIX A
Glossary:
Terms Used
in the
Fact Sheets
229
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GLOSSARY
This glossary defines terms used
throughout the NPL Volumes. The
terms and abbreviations contained in
this glossary apply specifically to work
performed under the Superfund program in
the context of hazardous waste management.
These terms may have other meanings when
used in a different context.
Terms Used
in the NPL
Book
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0), that are used in chemical
manufacturing. Acids in high concentration
can be very corrosive and react with many
inorganic and organic substances. These
reactions possibly may create toxic com-
pounds or release heavy metal contaminants
that remain in the environment long after the
acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A legal
and enforceable agreement between the EPA
and the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination. Under the terms of the Order,
the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules,
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government; it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA,
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally,
the EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for
site studies).
Aeration: A process that promotes break-
down of contaminants in soil or water by
exposing them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR): The Federal agency
within the U.S. Public Health Service charged
with carrying out the health-related responsi-
bilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of
air through it in a pressurized vessel. The
contaminants are evaporated into the air
stream. The air may be further treated before
it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Any unconfined part of the
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity
of contaminated air sources.
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock,
sand, or gravel capable of storing water
within cracks and pore spaces, or between
grains. When water contained within an
aquifer is of sufficient quantity and quality, it
can be tapped and used for drinking or other
purposes. The water contained in the aquifer
is called groundwater. A sole source aquifer
supplies 50% or more of the drinking water of
an area.
Artesian (Well): A well made by drilling
into the earth until water is reached, which,
from internal pressure, flows up like a foun-
tain.
231
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GLOSSARY.
Attenuation: The naturally occurring pro-
cess by which a compound is reduced in
concentration over time through adsorption,
degradation, dilution, and/or transformation.
Background Level: The amount of a sub-
stance typically found in the air, water, or soil
from natural, as opposed to human, sources.
Baghouse Dust: Dust accumulated in remov-
ing particulates from the air by passing it
through cloth bags in an enclosure.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH
(greater than 7.0), which tend to be corrosive
in chemical reactions. When bases are mixed
with acids, they neutralize each other, form-
ing salts.
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth
used to prevent the migration of contami-
nants.
Bioaccumulate: The process by which some
contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living
tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people, as
they breathe contaminated air, drink contami-
nated water, or eat contaminated food.
Biological Treatment: The use of bacteria or
other microbial organisms to break down
toxic organic materials into carbon dioxide
and water.
Biorernediation: A cleanup process using
naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants and
break them down into non-hazardous compo-
nents.
Bog: A type of wetland that is covered with
peat moss deposits. Bogs depend primarily
on moisture from the air for their water
source, are usually acidic, and are rich in plant
residue [see Wetland].
Boom: A floating device used to contain oil
floating on a body of water or to restrict the
potential overflow of waste liquids from
containment structures.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into the
ground and used to sample soil or ground-
water.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil,
sand, or gravel has been dug up for use
elsewhere.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a
synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated
materials. The surface of the cap generally is
mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in
which contaminants are removed from
groundwater and surface water by forcing
water through tanks containing activated
carbon, a specially treated material that
attracts and holds or retains contaminants.
Carbon Disulfide: A degreasing agent
formerly used extensively for parts washing.
This compound has both inorganic and or-
ganic properties, which increase cleaning
efficiency. However, these properties also
cause chemical reactions that increase the
hazard to human health and the environment
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion].
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series
of holes in a landfill where waste is dumped,
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt.
CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation, and Liabil-
ity Act].
Characterization: The sampling, monitor-
ing, and analysis of a site to determine the
232
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GLOSSARY
extent and nature of toxic releases. Character-
ization provides the basis for acquiring the
necessary technical information to develop,
screen, analyze, and select appropriate
cleanup techniques.
Chemical Fixation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the
potential for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly
toxic and water-soluble, making it a relatively
mobile contaminant in the environment.
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a
release or threat of release of a hazardous
substance. The term "cleanup" sometimes is
used interchangeably with the terms remedial
action, removal action, response action, or
corrective action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill
stops accepting wastes and is shut down,
under Federal guidelines that ensure the
protection of the public and the environment.
Comment Period: A specific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period
is provided when the EPA proposes to add
sites to the NPL. There is minimum 3-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed
to clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communica-
tion with the public. Goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related ac-
tions, assuring public input into decision-
making processes related to affected commu-
nities, and making certain that the Agency is
aware of, and responsive to, public concerns.
Specific community relations activities are
required in relation to Superfund cleanup
actions [see Comment Period],
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA, known as Superfund, in 1980 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment. The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come to-
gether.
Consent Decree: A legal document, ap-
proved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between the EPA and the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the
potentially responsible parties are required to
perform and/or the costs incurred by the
government that the parties will reimburse, as
well as the roles, responsibilities, and enforce-
ment options that the government may exer-
cise in the event of non-compliance by poten-
tially responsible parties. If a settlement
between the EPA and a potentially respon-
sible party includes cleanup actions, it must
be in the form of a Consent Decree. A Con-
sent Decree is subject to a public comment
period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order
on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or
containing hazardous substances in a struc-
ture, typically in a pond or a lagoon, to pre-
vent the migration of contaminants into the
environment.
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GLOSSARY.
Contaminant: Any physical, chemical,
biological, or radiological material or sub-
stance whose quantity, location, or nature
produces undesirable health or environmental
effects.
Contingency Plan: A document setting out
an organized, planned, and coordinated course
of action to be followed in case of a fire,
explosion, or other accident that releases toxic
chemicals, hazardous wastes, or radioactive
materials into the environment.
Cooperative Agreement: A contract be-
tween the EPA and the States, wherein a State
agrees to manage or monitor certain site
cleanup responsibilities and other activities on
a cost-sharing basis.
Cost Recovery: A legal process by which
potentially responsible parties can be required
to pay back the Superfund program for money
it spends on any cleanup actions [see Poten-
tially Responsible Parties].
Cover: Vegetation or other material placed
over a landfill or other waste material. It can
be designed to reduce movement of water into
the waste and to prevent erosion that could
cause the movement of contaminants.
Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood preserv-
ing operations and produced by distillation of
tar, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
[see PAHs and PNAs]. Contaminating
sediments, soils, and surface water, creosotes
may cause skin ulcerations and cancer
through prolonged exposure.
Culvert: A pipe used for drainage under a
road, railroad track, path, or through an
embankment.
Decommission: To revoke a license to
operate and take out of service.
Degradation: The process by which a
chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes,
soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
De minimis: This legal phrase pertains to
settlements with panics who contributed
small amounts of hazardous waste to a site.
This process allows the EPA to settle with
small, or de minimis contributors, as a single
group rather than as individuals, saving time,
money, and effort.
Dewater: To remove water from wastes,
soils, or chemicals.
Dike: A low wall that can act as a barrier to
prevent a spill from spreading.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals; polluted
soils; and drums containing hazardous materi-
als. Disposal may be accomplished through
the use of approved secure landfills, surface
impoundments, land farming, deep well
injection, or incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydrologic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgra-
dient of a contaminated groundwater source
are prone to receiving pollutants.
Effluent: Wastewater, treated or untreated,
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents,
and surface areas of commercial or industrial
facilities.
Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix; e.g., oil
and water.
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GLOSSARY
Endangerment Assessment: A study con-
ducted to determine the risks posed to public
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to
direct the potentially responsible parties to
clean up a site or pay for the cleanup. An
endangerment assessment supplements an
investigation of the site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA, State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements; to compel compliance with laws,
rules, regulations, or agreements; and/or to
obtain penalties or criminal sanctions for
violations. Enforcement procedures may
vary, depending on the specific requirements
of different environmental laws and related
regulatory requirements. Under CERCLA,
for example, the EPA will seek to require
potentially responsible parties to clean up a
Superfund site or pay for the cleanup [see
Cost Recovery].
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out.
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as the
remedial investigation is underway; together,
they are commonly referred to as the RI/FS
[see Remedial Investigation].
Filtration: A treatment process for removing
solid (paniculate) matter from water by
passing the water through sand, activated
carbon, or a man-made filter. The process is
often used to remove particles that contain
contaminants.
Flood Plain: An area along a river, formed
from sediment deposited by floods. Flood
plains periodically are innundated by natural
floods, which can spread contamination.
Flue Gas: The air that is emitted from a
chimney after combustion in the burner
occurs. The gas can include nitrogen oxides,
carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides,
particles, and many chemical pollutants.
Fly Ash: Non-combustible residue that
results from the combustion of flue gases. It
can include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,
water vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many
other chemical pollutants.
French Drain System: A crushed rock drain
system constructed of perforated pipes, which
is used to drain and disperse wastewater.
Gasification (coal): The conversion of soft
coal into gas for use as a fuel.
Generator: A facility that emits pollutants
into the air or releases hazardous wastes into
water or soil.
Good Faith Offer: A voluntary offer, gener-
ally in response to a Special Notice letter,
made by a potentially responsible party,
consisting of a written proposal demonstrating
a potentially responsible party's qualifications
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GLOSSARY.
and willingness to perform a site study or
cleanup.
Groundwater: Underground water that fills
pores in soils or openings in rocks to the point
of saturation. In aquifers, groundwater occurs
in sufficient quantities for use as drinking and
irrigation water and other purposes.
Groundwater Quality Assessment: The
process of analyzing the chemical characteris-
tics of groundwater to determine whether any
hazardous materials exist.
Halogens: Reactive non-metals, such as
chlorine and bromine. Halogens are very
good oxidizing agents and, therefore, have
many industrial uses. They are rarely found
by themselves; however, many chemicals
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
some volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and dioxin are reactive because of the pres-
ence of halogens.
Hazard Ranking System (HRS): The
principal screening tool used by the EPA to
evaluate relative risks to public health and the
environment associated with abandoned or
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The HRS
calculates a score based on the potential of
hazardous substances spreading from the site
through the air, surface water, or groundwater
and on other factors such as nearby popula-
tion. The HRS score is the primary factor in
deciding if the site should be on the NPL.
Hazardous Waste: By-products of society
that can pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health and the environment
when improperly managed. It possesses at
least one of four characteristics (ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or appears
on special EPA lists.
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site con-
taining exceptionally high levels of contami-
nation.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater,
with particular emphasis on the chemistry and
movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by con-
trolled burning at high temperatures, e.g.,
burning sludge to reduce the remaining
residues to a non-burnable ash that can be
disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or
in underground locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or other
liquid down through soil from precipitation
(rain or snow) or from application of waste-
water to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant.
Injection Well: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical substances
of mineral origin, not of basic carbon struc-
ture.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 1978
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source from where a water
supply is drawn, such as from a river or water
body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities,
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GLOSSARY
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of
the agencies for performing and overseeing
the activities. States often are parties to
interagency agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in 1980, are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges,
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land and/or
incorporate waste into the surface soil, such
as fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to
the smallest practical volume, and covered
with soil at the end of each operating day.
Secure chemical landfills are disposal sites for
hazardous waste. They are designed to
minimize the chance of release of hazardous
substances into the environment [see Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act].
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles
through or drains from waste, carrying soluble
components from the waste. Leach, Leach-
ing [v.t.]: The process by which soluble
chemical components are dissolved and
carried through soil by water or some other
percolating liquid.
Leachate Collection System: A system that
gathers liquid that has leaked into a landfill or
other waste disposal area and pumps it to the
surface for treatment.
Liner: A relatively impermeable barrier
designed to prevent leachate (waste residue)
from leaking from a landfill. Liner materials
include plastic and dense clay.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct, often
incremental, steps that are taken to solve site
pollution problems. Depending on the com-
plexity, site cleanup activities can be sepa-
rated into several of these phases.
Marsh: A type of wetland that does not
contain peat moss deposits and is dominated
by vegetation. Marshes may be either fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetland].
Migration: The movement of oil, gas,
contaminants, water, or other liquids through
porous and permeable soils or rock.
Mill Tailings: [See Mine Tailings].
Mine Tailings: A fine, sandy residue left
from mining operations. Tailings often
contain high concentrations of lead, uranium,
and arsenic or other heavy metals.
Mitigation: Actions taken to improve site
conditions by limiting, reducing, or control-
ling toxicity and contamination sources.
Modeling: A technique using a mathematical
or physical representation of a system or
theory that tests the effects that changes on
system components have on the overall
performance of the system.
Monitoring Wells: Special wells drilled at
specific locations within, or surrounding, a
hazardous waste site where groundwater can
be sampled at selected depths and studied to
obtain such information as the direction in
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GLOSSARY.
which groundwater flows and the types and
amounts of contaminants present.
National Priorities List (NPL): The EPA's
list of the most serious uncontrolled or aban-
doned hazardous waste sites identified for
possible long-term cleanup under Superfund.
The EPA is required to update the NPL at
least once a year.
Neutrals: Organic compounds that have a
relatively neutral pH, complex structure and,
due to their organic bases, are easily absorbed
into the environment. Naphthalene, pyrene,
and trichlorobenzene are examples of
neutrals.
Nitroaromatics: Common components of
explosive materials, which will explode if
activated by very high temperatures or pres-
sures; 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a
nitroaromatic.
Notice Letter: A General Notice Letter
notifies the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination of their possible liability.
A Special Notice Letter begins a 60-day
formal period of negotiation during which the
EPA is not allowed to start work at a site or
initiate enforcement actions against poten-
tially responsible parties, although the EPA
may undertake certain investigatory and
planning activities. The 60-day period may
be extended if the EPA receives a good faith
offer within that period.
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA, Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superfund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds: Chemical
substances containing mainly carbon, hydro-
gen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where wastewater is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic,
modified petrochemical that is used as a wood
preservative because of its toxicity to termites
and fungi. It is a common component of
creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay
or rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery opera-
tions and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene, chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases
from which volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), plastics, and many pesticides are
made. These chemical substances often are
toxic to humans and the environment.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used
in plastics manufacturing and are by-products
of petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye,
and resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly
poisonous.
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GLOSSARY
Physical Chemical Separation: The treat-
ment process of adding a chemical to a sub-
stance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal.
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to deter-
mine its ability to clean up specific contami-
nants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow
of water, oil, or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The move-
ment of the groundwater is influenced by such
factors as local groundwater flow patterns, the
character of the aquifer in which groundwater
is contained, and the density of contaminants
[see Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature, location, or quantity
produces undesired health or environmental
effects.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):
PAHs, such as pyrene, are a group of highly
reactive organic compounds found in motor
oil. They are a common component of creo-
sotes and can cause cancer.
Polychlorinated Biphcnyls (PCBs): A
group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications,
carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope immersion oils, and caulk-
ing compounds. PCBs also are produced in
certain combustion processes. PCBs are
extremely persistent in the environment
because they are very stable, non-reactive,
and highly heat resistant. Chronic exposure
to PCBs is believed to cause liver damage. It
also is known to bioaccumulate in fatty
tissues. PCB use and sale was banned in
1979 with the passage of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and
biphenyls, are a group of highly reactive
organic compounds that are a common com-
ponent of creosotes, which can be carcino-
genic.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A plastic made
from the gaseous substance vinyl chloride.
PVC is used to make pipes, records, raincoats,
and floor tiles. Health risks from high con-
centrations of vinyl chloride include liver
cancer and lung cancer, as well as cancer of
the lymphatic and nervous systems.
Potable Water: Water that is safe for drink-
ing and cooking.
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs):
Parties, including owners, who may have
contributed to the contamination at a Su-
perfund site and may be liable for costs of
response actions. Panics are considered PRPs
until they admit liability or a court makes a
determination of liability. PRPs may sign a
Consent Decree or Administrative Order on
Consent to participate in site cleanup activity
without admitting liability.
Precipitation: The removal of solids from
liquid waste so that the solid and liquid
portions can be disposed of safely; the re-
moval of particles from airborne emissions.
Electrochemical precipitation is the use of an
anode or cathode to remove the hazardous
chemicals. Chemical precipitation involves
the addition of some substance to cause the
solid portion to separate.
Preliminary Assessment: The process of
collecting and reviewing available informa-
tion about a known or suspected waste site or
release to determine if a threat or potential
threat exists.
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GLOSSARY
Pump and Treat: A groundwater cleanup
technique involving the extracting of contami-
nated groundwater from the subsurface and
the removal of contaminants, using one of
several treatment technologies.
Radionuclides: Elements, including radium
and uranium-235 and -238, which break down
and produce radioactive substances due to
their unstable atomic structure. Some are
man-made, and others are naturally occurring
in the environment. Radon, the gaseous form
of radium, decays to form alpha particle
radiation, which cannot be absorbed through
skin. However, it can be inhaled, which
allows alpha particles to affect unprotected
tissues directly and thus cause cancer. Radia-
tion also occurs naturally through the break-
down of granite stones.
RCRA: [See Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act].
Recharge Area: A land area where rainwater
saturates the ground and soaks through the
earth to reach an aquifer.
Record of Decision (ROD): A public docu-
ment that explains which cleanup
alternative(s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual construc-
tion or implementation phase of a Superfund
site cleanup following the remedial design
[see Cleanup].
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup,
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth study
designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contami-
nation at a Superfund site, establish the
criteria for cleaning up the site, identify the
preliminary alternatives for cleanup actions,
and support the technical and cost analyses of
the alternatives. The remedial investigation
is usually done with the feasibility study.
Together they are customarily referred to as
the RI/FS [see Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at a site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed with-
out further cleanup activities, a "No Action"
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision].
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant remain-
ing in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g.,
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or particulates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubbing, or
other, process.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA): A Federal law that established a
regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
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GLOSSARY
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons to store
waste.
Riparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to rivers
and streams that have a high density, diver-
sity, and productivity of plant and animal
species relative to nearby uplands.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contamina-
tion from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution device that uses a
spray of water or reactant or a dry process to
trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters, such
as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
Seeps: Specific points where releases of
liquid (usually leachate) form from waste
disposal areas, particularly along the lower
edges of landfills.
Seepage Pits: A hole, shaft, or cavity in the
ground used for storage of liquids, usually in
the form of leachate, from waste disposal
areas. The liquid gradually leaves the pit by
moving through the surrounding soil.
Septage: Residue remaining in a septic tank
after the treatment process.
Sinkhole: A hollow depression in the land
surface in which drainage collects; associated
with underground caves and passages that
facilitate the movement of liquids.
Site Characterization: The technical pro-
cess used to evaluate the nature and extent of
environmental contamination, which is
necessary for choosing and designing cleanup
measures and monitoring their effectiveness.
Site Inspection: The collection of informa-
tion from a hazardous waste site to determine
the extent and severity of hazards posed by
the site. It follows, and is more extensive
than, a preliminary assessment. The purpose
is to gather information necessary to score the
site, using the Hazard Ranking System, and to
determine if the site presents an immediate
threat that requires a prompt removal action.
Slag: The fused refuse or dross separated
from a metal in the process of smelting.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial
or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the
flow of contaminated groundwater or subsur-
face liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by
digging a trench around a contaminated area
and filling the trench with an impermeable
material that prevents water from passing
through it. The groundwater or contaminated
liquids trapped within the area surrounded by
the slurry wall can be extracted and treated.
Smelter: A facility that melts or fuses ore,
often with an accompanying chemical change,
to separate the metal. Emissions from smelt-
ers are known to cause pollution.
Soil Gas: Gaseous elements and compounds
that occur in the small spaces between par-
ticles of soil. Such gases can move through
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GLOSSARY.
or leave the soil or rock, depending on
changes in pressure.
Soil Vapor Extraction: A treatment process
that uses vacuum wells to remove hazardous
gases from soil.
Soil Washing: A water-based process for
mechanically scrubbing soils in-place to
remove undesirable materials. There are two
approaches: dissolving or suspending them in
the wash solution for later treatment by
conventional methods, and concentrating
them into a smaller volume of soil through
simple particle size separation techniques [see
Solvent Extraction].
Stabilization: The process of changing an
active substance into inert, harmless material,
or physical activities at a site that act to limit
the further spread of contamination without
actual reduction of toxicity.
Solidification/Stabilization: A chemical or
physical reduction of the mobility of hazard-
ous constituents. Mobility is reduced through
the binding of hazardous constituents into a
solid mass with low permeability and resis-
tance to leaching.
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form a solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for degreasing, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges,
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorption: The action of soaking up or at-
tracting substances. It is used in many pollu-
tion control systems.
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air
Stripping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal.
Superfund: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority
to respond directly to releases or threatened
releases of hazardous substances that may
endanger public health, welfare, or the envi-
ronment. The "Superfund" is a trust fund that
finances cleanup actions at hazardous waste
sites.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, includ-
ing liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wet-
lands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soil.
Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater, soil,
etc., to determine whether and how well the
method will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as
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GLOSSARY
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent.
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled,
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver [see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order].
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope;
demarks areas that are higher than contami-
nated areas and, therefore, are not prone to
contamination by the movement of polluted
groundwater.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the
soil draws VOC-contaminated air from the
soil pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn
down from the surface of the soil.
Vegetated Soil Cap: A cap constructed with
graded soils and seed for vegetative growth,
to prevent erosion [see Cap].
Vitrification: The process of electrically
melting wastes and soils or sludges to bind
the waste in a glassy, solid material more
durable than granite or marble and resistant to
leaching.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
VOCs are manufactured as secondary petro-
chemicals. They include light alcohols,
acetone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride,
toluene, and methylene chloride. These
potentially toxic chemicals are used as sol-
vents, degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels.
Because of their volatile nature, they readily
evaporate into the air, increasing the potential
exposure to humans. Due to their low water
solubility, environmental persistence, and
widespread industrial use, they are commonly
found in soil and groundwater.
Waste Treatment Plant: A facility that uses
a series of tanks, screens, filters, and other
treatment processes to remove pollutants from
water.
Wastewater: The spent or used water from
individual homes or industries.
Watershed: The land area that drains into a
stream or other water body.
Water Table: The upper surface of the
groundwater.
Weir: A barrier to divert water or other
liquids.
Wetland: An area that is regularly saturated
by surface or groundwater and, under normal
circumstances, is capable of supporting
vegetation typically adapted for life in satu-
rated soil conditions. Wetlands are critical to
sustaining many species of fish and wildlife.
Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes,
and bogs. Wetlands may be either coastal or
inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish
(a mixture of salt and fresh) water, and most
have tides, while inland wetlands are non-
tidal and freshwater. Coastal wetlands are an
integral component of estuaries.
Wildlife Refuge: An area designated for the
protection of wild animals, within which
hunting and fishing are either prohibited or
strictly controlled.
243
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APPENDIX B
Information
Repositories
for
NPL Sites
in Pennsylvania
245
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West Whiteland Township Building, 222 North Pottstown Pike
Scott Township Civic Center, Route 247, Montdale, PA 18447
t-T
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Wissahickon Valley Library, Ambler Branch, 209 Race Street,
Not Established
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CO
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Borough Business Office, South Seventh Street, Bally, PA 195
Not Established
1
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Not Established
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West Cain Township Building, Route 340, Wagentown, PA 19
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Stroudsburg Borough Building, Seventh and Sarah Streets, Stro
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1
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Lower Providence Library, 2765 Egypt Road, Audubon, PA IS
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Kams City High School Office, Route 268, Karns City, PA 16(
£
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Margaret R. Grundy Memorial Library, 680 Radcliffe Street, Bi
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Douglass-Berks Township Building, Douglass Drive, Boyertow
Altoona Public Library, 1600 Fifth Avenue, Altoona, PA 1660:
247
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Middletown Public Library, 20 North Catherine Street, M
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lut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Jefferson Borough Municipal Building, 3008 Old Clairton
: Street, Doylestown, PA 18901
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Tobyhanna Township !
Saegertown Area Libri
rary, 100 East Church Avenue, Telford, PA 18969
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Indian Valley Public L
brary, 59 East High Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325
.j
Adams County Public
Not Established
ibrary, 501 East Lincoln Highway, Coatsville, PA 19320
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Coatsville Area Public
ial Building, 122 Union Street, Taylor, PA 18517
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Upper Merion Library
Deleted from the NPL
o.
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:quea Avenue, Honey Brook, PA 19344
n.
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Buhl-Henderson Corni
ibrary, 59 East High Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325
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Adams County Public
brary, 67 West Washington Street, Bradford, PA 16701
13
Bradford Area Public '.
Library, 199 North College Street, Myerstown, PA 17067
>,
Whitmoyer Communil
ilding, Route 340, Wagentown, PA 19376
m
West Cain Township 1
Not Established
«
i
z
5
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