c/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(5102G)
SUPERFUND:
EPA/540/R-93/005
December 1992
PB93-963206
Progress at
National
Priority
List Sites
o
CALIFORNIA & HAWAII
1992 UPDATE
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Publication #9200.5-7066
December 1992
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
California and Hawaii
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590 ^
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Emergency & Remedial Response
Office of Program Management
Washington, DC 20460
-------
If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes, contact:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 486-4650
The complete set of the 49 State reports may be ordered as PB93-963250.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
A Brief Overview of Superfund v
Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model ix
How Superfund Works : x
THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book xi
A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
.XV
THE NPL REPORT
Progress to Date xxi
THE NPL FACT SHEETS i
THE GLOSSARY
Terms used in the NPL Book G-l
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INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUPERFUND
During the second half of the Twentieth
Century, the environmental conse-
quences of more than 100 years of industrial-
ization in the United States became increas-
ingly clear. Authors such as Rachel Carson
wrote passionately about the often-hidden en-
vironmental effects of our modern society's
widespread use of chemicals and other haz-
ardous materials. Their audience was small at
first, but gradually their message spread.
Growing concern turned to action, as people
learned more about the environment and be-
gan to act on their knowledge
The 1970s saw environmental issues burst
onto the national scene and take hold in the
national consciousness. The first Earth Day
was observed in 1970, the year that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
founded. By the end of the 1970s, Love Canal
in New York and the Valley of the Drums in
Kentucky had entered the popular lexicon as
synonyms for pollution and environmental
degradation.
Superfund Is Established
The industrialization that gave Americans the
world's highest standard of living also created
problems that only a national program could
address. By 1980, the U.S. Congress had
passed numerous environmental laws, imple-
mented by the EPA, but many serious hazard-
ous waste problems were slipping through the
cracks.
Responding to growing concern about public
health and environmental threats from uncon-
trolled releases of hazardous materials, the
U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA). Popularly known as
Superfund, CERCLA had one seemingly
simple job—to uncover and clean up hazard-
ous materials spills and contaminated sites.
A Big Job
Few in Congress, the EPA, the environmen-
tal community, or the general public knew in
1980 just how big the nation's hazardous ma-
terials problem is. Almost everyone thought
that Superfund would be a short-lived pro-
gram requiring relatively few resources to
clean up at most a few hundred sites. They
were quite mistaken.
As the EPA set to work finding sites and
gauging their potential to harm people and
the environment, the number of sites grew.
Each discovery seemed to lead to another,
and today almost 36,000 hazardous waste
sites have been investigated as potential haz-
ardous waste sites. They are catalogued in
the EPA's computerized database, CERCLIS
(for the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
-------
INTRODUCTION
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Informa-
tion System).
The damage to public health and the environ-
ment that each site in CERCLIS might cause
is evaluated; many sites have been referred to
State and local governments for cleanup. The
EPA lists the nation's most serious hazardous
waste sites on the National Priorities List, or
NPL. (These Superfund sites are eligible for
federally-funded cleanup, but whenever pos-
sible the EPA makes polluters pay for the
contamination they helped create.) The NPL
now numbers 1,275 sites, with 50 to 100
added each year. By the end of the century,
the NPL may reach as many as 2,100 sites.
Superfund faces some of the most complex
pollution problems ever encountered by an
environmental program. Improperly stored or
disposed chemicals and the soil they contami-
nate are one concern. More difficult to correct
are the wetlands and bays, and the groundwa-
ter, lakes, and rivers often used for drinking
water that are contaminated by chemicals
spreading through the soil or mixing with
storm water runoff. Toxic vapors contaminate
the air at some sites, threatening the health of
people living and working near by.
Superfund aims to control immediate public
health and environmental threats by tackling
the worst problems at the worst sites first.
Wherever possible, Superfund officials use
innovative treatment techniques—many de-
veloped or refined by the EPA—to correct
hazardous materials problems once and for
all. Many of the treatment techniques they use
did not exist when the program was created.
The EPA Administrator had challenged Su-
perfund to complete construction necessary
for cleanup work at 130 NPL sites by the end
of the 1992 federal fiscal year. By September
30, 1992, the end of fiscal year 1992, con-
struction had been completed at a total of 149
NPL sites. Superfund is well on its way of
meeting the Administrator's goal of complet-
ing construction at 200 NPL sites by the end
of fiscal year 1993, and 650 sites by the end
of fiscal year 2000.
Quick Cleanup at
Non-NPL Sites
Long-standing hazardous waste sites are not
Superfund's only concern. The EPA also re-
sponds to hazardous spills and other emergen-
cies, hauling away chemicals for proper treat-
ment or disposal. Superfund teams perform or
supervise responses at rail and motor vehicle
accidents, fires, and other emergencies in-
volving hazardous substances. They also
evacuate people living and working near by,
if necessary, and provide clean drinking water
to people whose own water is contaminated.
Removal crews also post warning signs and
take other precautions to keep people and ani-
mals away from hazardous substances.
Superfund employee prepares equipment for groundwater
treatment.
VI
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INTRODUCTION
Quick Cleanups, or Removals, are not limited
to emergencies. When cleanup crews at con-
taminated sites find hazardous substances that
immediately threaten people or the environ-
ment, they act right away to reduce the threat
or to remove the chemicals outright. As the
EPA implements the Superfund Accelerated
Cleanup Model (SACM), more and more sites
will undergo quick cleanups, and many of
these will be cleaned up completely without
ever being included on the NPL. (See
"Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Ac-
celerated Cleanup Model.")
Some of Superfund's most significant gains in
public health and environmental protection
have been won by the removal program. As of
March 31, 1992, the Emergency Response
Superfund employee removing drums from a Superfund site.
Program had logged more than 2,300 removal
completions since Superfund was established.
The Public's Role
Superfund is unique among federal programs
in its commitment to citizen participation. Al-
though the EPA is responsible for determin-
ing how dangerous a site is and how best to
clean it up, the Agency relies on citizen input
as it makes these decisions.
Community residents are often invaluable
sources of information about a hazardous
waste site, its current and previous owners,
and the activities that took place there. Such
information can be crucial to experts evaluat-
ing a site and its potential dangers.
Residents also comment on EPA cleanup
plans by stating their concerns and prefer-
ences at public meetings and other forums and
in formal, written comments to Agency pro-
posals. The EPA takes these comments and
concerns seriously, and has modified many
proposals in response to local concerns. For,
ultimately, it is the community and its citizens
that will live with the results of the EPA's de-
cisions and actions; it is only fair that citizens
participate in the process.
A Commitment to
Communication
The Superfund program is very serious about
public outreach and communication. Com-
munity relations coordinators are assigned to
each NPL site to help the public understand
the potential hazards present, as well as the
cleanup alternatives. Local information re-
positories, such as libraries or other public
buildings, have been established near each
NPL site to ensure that the public has an op-
portunity to review all relevant information
and the proposed cleanup plans.
The individual State volumes contain sum-
mary fact sheets on NPL sites in each State
and territory. Together, the fact sheets provide
a concise report on site conditions and the
progress made toward site cleanups as of
March 1992. The EPA revises these volumes
periodically to provide an up-to-date record of
program activities. A glossary of key terms
relating to hazardous waste management and
Superfund site cleanup is provided at the back
of this book.
VII
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INTRODUCTION
Superfund is, of course, a public program, and
as such it belongs to everyone of us. This vol-
ume, along with other State volumes, com-
prises the EPA's report on Superfund
progress to the program's owners for the year
1992.
VIII
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INTRODUCTION
STREAMLINING SUPERFUND: THE SUPERFUND
ACCELERATED CLEANUP MODEL
Historically, critics and supporters alike
have measured Superfund's progress
by the number of hazardous waste sites de-
leted from the NPL. Although easy enough to
tally, this approach is too narrow. It misses
the major gains Superfund makes by reducing
major risks at the nation's worst hazardous
sites long before all clean-up work is done
and the site deleted. It also ignores the Re-
moval Program's contributions to meeting
Superfund's twin mandates of maximizing
public health and environmental protection.
Renewing Superfund's commitment to rapid
protection from hazardous materials, the EPA
is streamlining the program. The Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model, or SACM, will
take Early Actions, such as removing hazard-
ous wastes or contaminated materials, while
experts study the site. SACM also will com-
bine similar site studies to reduce the time re-
quired to evaluate a site and its threats to
people and the environment. This way, imme-
diate public health and environmental threats
will be addressed while long-term cleanups
are being planned.
Emergencies such as train derailments and
motor vehicle accidents will continue to be
handled expeditiously. Teams of highly
trained technicians will swing into action
right away, coordinating the cleanup and re-
moval of hazardous substances to ensure pub-
lic safety as quickly as possible.
Breaking With Tradition
The traditional Superfund process begins with
a lengthy phase of study and site assessment,
but SACM will save time by combining sepa-
rate, yet similar, activities. Each EPA Region
will form a Decision Team of site managers,
risk assessors, community relations coordina-
tors, lawyers, and other experts to monitor the
studies and quickly determine whether a site
requires Early Action (taking less than five
years), Long-term Action, or both.
While the site studies continue, the Decision
Team will begin the short-term work required
to correct immediate public health or environ-
mental threats from the site. Besides remov-
ing hazardous materials, Early Actions in-
clude taking precautions to keep contaminants
from moving off the site and restricting access
to the site. Early Actions could eliminate most
human risk from these sites, and Superfund
will further focus its public participation and
public information activities on site assess-
ment and Early Action.
Long-Term Solutions
While Early Actions can correct many hazard-
ous waste problems—and provide the bulk of
public health and environmental protection—
some contamination will take longer to cor-
rect. Cleanups of mining sites, wetlands, estu-
aries, and projects involving incineration of
contaminants or restoration of groundwater
can take far longer than the three to five years
envisioned for Early Actions. Under SACM,
these sites will be handled much as they are
now.
Also under SACM, the EPA will continue its
pursuit of potentially responsible parties who
may have caused or contributed to site con-
tamination. Expedited enforcement and
procedures for negotiating potentially respon-
sible party settlements will secure their par-
ticipation. Superfund personnel will continue
to oversee clean-up work performed by poten-
tially responsible parties.
IX
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INTRODUCTION
HOW SUPERFUND WORKS
Each Superfund site presents a different
set of complex problems. The same haz-
ardous materials and chemicals often con-
taminate many sites, but the details of each
site are different. Almost always, soil is con-
taminated with one or more chemicals. Their
vapors may taint the air over and around the
site. Contaminants may travel through the soil
and reach underground aquifers which may be
used for drinking water, or they may spread
over the site to contaminate streams, ponds,
and wetlands. The contaminating chemicals
may interact with each other, presenting even
more complicated cleanup problems.
Superfund's cleanup process is arduous and
exacting. It requires the best efforts of hun-
dreds of experts in science and engineering,
public health, administration and manage-
ment, law, and many other fields.
The average NPL site takes from seven to ten
years to work its way through the system,
from discovery to the start of long-term
cleanup. Actual cleanup work can take years,
decades if contaminated groundwater must
be treated. Of course, imminent threats to
public health or the environment are cor-
rected right away.
The diagram to the right presents a simplified
view of the cleanup process. The major steps
in the Superfund process are:
• Site discovery and investigation to iden-
tify contaminants and determine whether
emergency action is required;
• Emergency site work such as removing
contaminants for proper treatment or dis-
posal, and securing the site to keep people
and animals away, if warranted by condi-
tions at the site;
• Site evaluation to determine how people
living and working nearby, and the envi-
ronment, may be exposed to site contami-
nants;
• Detailed studies to determine whether con-
ditions are serious enough to add the site to
the National Priorities List of sites eligible
for federally funded cleanup under Super-
fund;
• Selection, design, and implementation of a
cleanup plan, after a thorough review of
the most effective cleanup options, given
site conditions, contaminants present, and
their potential threat to public health or the
environment.
• Follow-up to ensure that the cleanup work
done at the site continues to be effective
over the long term.
The Superfund Process
From the earliest stages, EPA investigators
work hard to identify those responsible for the
contamination. As their responsibility is es-
tablished, the EPA negotiates with these "re-
sponsible parties" to pay for cleaning up the
problem they helped create. This "enforce-
ment first" policy saves Superfund Trust Fund
monies for use in cleanups where the respon-
sible parties cannot be identified, or where
they are unable to fund cleanup work.
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THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book
The site fact sheets presented in this book
are comprehensive summaries that cover
a broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ("Threats and
Contaminants"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or planned. The fact
sheets conclude with a brief synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for site contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You can use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you, particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
XI
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THE VOLUME
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Provides the dates when the
site was Proposed, made Final,
and Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties taking responsibility
for cleanup actions at the site.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the threats to nearby
residents and the surrounding
environment and the progress
towards cleaning up the site.
SITE NAME
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Threats and Contaminants
Response Action Status
Environmental Progress
Site Repository
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx:
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the location of the primary site repository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
XII
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THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
®
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
XIII
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THE VOLUME
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Contaminated Ground-water resources
in the vicinity or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used as a drink-
ing water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site. (These
include lakes, ponds, streams, and
rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas emis-
sions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on or
near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on the
site.)
Threatened or contaminated Environ-
mentally Sensitive Areas in the vicinity
of the site. (Examples include wet-
lands and coastal areas or critical
habitats.)
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
Initial, Immediate, or Emergency
Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine
the nature and extent of contamination
are planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part of
the site.
Remedy Design means that engineers
are preparing specifications and
drawings for the selected cleanup
technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved for
the contaminated site or part of the
site.
XIV
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A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
xv
-------
Superfund Activities
in California
The State of California is located within EPA Region 9, which includes
three southwestern States, Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, the Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of
Pacific Islands. The State covers 156,299 square miles. According
to the 1990 Census, California experienced a 26 percent increase
in population between 1980 and 1990, and is ranked first in U.S.
population with approximately 29,760,000 residents.
The California Hazardous Substance Account Act, most
recently amended in 1989, established State authority and
created cleanup funds to implement the Superfund
program at the State level. In practice, the State first
attempts to negotiate settlements with responsible
polluters to perform cleanup activities. If the polluters
fail to comply, the State has the option to issue orders
and impose penalties, making polluters liable for the cost
of cleanup regardless of fault. The State, however, is required to assign cleanup responsibility in
direct proportion to the polluters' actual contribution of waste at the site. Other enforcement
authorities the State may draw upon include issuing subpoenas, imposing civil and criminal
penalties, imprisoning offenders, assessing damages of up to triple the actual amount, and recover-
ing the cost of cleanup from polluters at a later time. Numerous funds, including the Hazardous
Substance Victim's Compensation Fund, have been created through taxes on hazardous waste
handlers, legislative appropriations, State-issued bonds, and money recovered from polluters.
These funds are used to finance cleanup activities, enforcement actions, and the 10 percent contri-
bution from the State required by the Federal Superfund program. The State must hold at least one
public meeting prior to adopting a cleanup plan at a site and must review and consider any public
comments. Anyone affected by a cleanup action must be given the opportunity to participate in
the State's decision-making process. Currently, 87 sites in the State of California have been listed
as final on the NPL; one has been deleted. Eight new sites have been proposed for listing in 1992.
The Department of Toxic Substances Control
implements the Superfund Program in the State of California
Activities responsible for hazardous
waste contamination in the State of
California include: Electrical
Equipment/
Electronics
c . . ^w^xi ^Manufacturers
Federal
Facilities,
Other
Chemical/
Pesticide/
Fertilizer
Plants
Wood
Treatment1
Operations
Landfills/Recycling Operations/
Storage and Disposal Facilities
Manufacturing
Facilities
Facts about the 96 NPL sites
in California:
Immediate Actions (such as removing
hazardous substances or restricting
site access) were performed at 77
sites.
Seventeen sites endanger sensitive
environments.
Eighty-nine sites are located near
residential areas.
XVII
March 1992
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CALIFORNIA
Most Sites Have Multiple Contaminants and
Contaminated Media:
Media Contaminated at Sites
Contaminants Found at Sites
Air
Surface
Water
Sediments
Soil
Ground-
water
0 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage of Sites
The Potentially Responsible
Party Pays...
In the State of California, potentially respon-
sible parties are paying for or conducting
cleanup activities at 55 sites.
Percentage of Sites
VOCs
Heavy Metals
PCBs
Pesticides/Herbicides
Creosotes
Petrochemicals/Explosives
Asbestos
Radiation
Other*
Acids
Gases
Cyanide
Dioxin
80%
40%
14%
13%
10%
10%
5%
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
'Other contaminants include chloroform,
isopropyl alcohol, freon, and thiophene
compounds.
For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous
Waste Programs in the State of California Please Contact:
EPA Region 9 Office of
Public Affairs
National Response Center
The Department of Toxic Substances
Control: Site Mitigation Branch
EPA Region 9 Waste Management
Division
EPA Superfund Hotline
For information concerning
community involvement
To report a hazardous
waste emergency
For information about the
State's responsibility in the
Superfund Program
For information about the
Regional Superfund Program
For information about the
Federal Superfund Program
(415) 744-1585
(800) 424-8802
(916)255-2002
(415)744-1730
(800) 424-9068
March 1992
XVIII
-------
Q
Superfund Activities
in Hawaii
The State of Hawaii is located within EPA
*u*,cn« Region 9, which includes three southwestern
' NPLS"S C^^-^ States, Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam,
/ ^v the Commonwealth of the Northern
\ JV Mariana Islands, and the Trust
\ ^S Territory of Pacific Islands. The
( f Hawaiian islands cover 6,471 square
^^ miles. According to the 1990 Census,
Hawaii experienced a 15 percent increase in population between 1980 and 1990, and is ranked
forty-first in U.S. population with approximately 1,108,000 residents.
The Hawaii Environmental Response Law, most recently amended in 1991, grants the State
the authority to implement the Superfund program at the State level. While no enforcement
activities have been taken as of yet, the State does have the ability to make polluters liable for
damages to natural resources and cleanup costs, regardless of fault. The State also may opt to
assess punitive damages of up to triple the original amount and impose civil penalties if polluters
fail to comply with cleanup orders. Cost recovery activities against polluters must begin within
six years after cleanup activities are completed. The Environmental Response Revolving Fund
was created to finance emergency response actions, removals, investigations, and long-term
cleanup activities as well as the 10 percent contribution from the State required by the Federal
Superfund program. Sources of the fund are legislative appropriations, money recovered from
polluters, interest, and penalties. Currently, one site in the State of Hawaii has been listed as
final on the NPL. One new site has been proposed for listing in 1992.
The State Department of Health
implements the Superfund Program in the State of Hawaii
Activities responsible for hazardous
waste contamination in the State of
Hawaii include:
Federal Facilities—2 sites or 100%
Facts about the two NPL sites
in Hawaii:
Immediate Actions (such as removing
hazardous substances or restricting
site access) were performed at one
site.
Both sites endanger sensitive environ-
ments.
One site is located near residential
areas.
XIX
March 1992
-------
HAWAII
Most Sites Have Multiple Contaminants and
Contaminated Media:
Media Contaminated at Sites
Air
Surface
Water
Sediments
Soil
Ground-
water
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage of Sites
Contaminants Found at Sites
Percentage of Sites
VOCs
Heavy Metals
PCBs
Pesticides/Herbicides
100%
50%
50%
50%
The Potentially Responsible
Party Pays...
In the State of Hawaii, no potentially respon-
sible parties are paying for or conducting
cleanup activities.
For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous
Waste Programs in the State of Hawaii Please Contact:
EPA Region 9 Office of Public
Affairs
National Response Center
The State Department of Health:
Environmental Health Services
Division, Hazardous Evaluation and
Emergency Response Program
EPA Region 9 Waste Management
Division
EPA Superfund Hotline
For information concerning
community involvement
To report a hazardous
waste emergency
For information about the
State's responsibility in the
Superfund Program
For information about the
Regional Superfund Program
For information about the
Federal Superfund Program
(415)744-1585
(800) 424-8802
(808) 586-4249
(415) 744-1730
(800) 424-9068
March 1992
xx
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THE NPL REPORT
PROGRESS TO DATE
The following Progress Report lists all
sites currently on, or deleted from, the
NPL and briefly summarizes the status of ac-
tivities for each site at the time this report was
prepared. The steps in the Superfund cleanup
process are arrayed across the top of the chart,
and each site's progress through these steps is
represented by an arrow (O) indicating the
current stage of cleanup.
Large and complex sites often are organized
into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to
address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and
surface water pollution, or to clean up differ-
ent areas of a large site. In such cases, the
chart portrays cleanup progress at the site's
most advanced stage, reflecting the status of
site activities rather than administrative ac-
complishments.
O An arrow in the "Initial Response" cate-
gory indicates that an emergency
cleanup, immediate action, or initial ac-
tion has been completed or currently is
underway. Emergency or initial actions
are taken as an interim measure to pro-
vide immediate relief from exposure to
hazardous site conditions or to stabilize
a site to prevent further contamination.
^> A final arrow in the "Site Studies" cat-
egory indicates that an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site currently is on-
going or planned.
^> A final arrow in the "Remedy Selection"
category means that the EPA has se-
lected the final cleanup strategy for the
site. At the few sites where the EPA has
determined that initial response actions
have eliminated site contamination, or
that any remaining contamination will
be naturally dispersed without further
cleanup activities, a "No Action" rem-
edy has been selected. In these cases,
the arrows are discontinued at the
"Remedy Selection" step and resume in
the "Construction Complete" category.
final arrow at the "Remedial Design"
stage indicates that engineers currently
are designing the technical specifica-
tions for the selected cleanup remedies
and technologies.
O A final arrow in the "Cleanup Ongoing"
column means that final cleanup actions
have been started at the site and cur-
rently are underway.
^A final arrow in the "Construction Com-
plete" category is used only when all
phases of the site cleanup plan have
been performed, and the EPA has deter-
mined that no additional construction
actions are required at the site. Some
sites in this category currently may be
undergoing long-term operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure
that the cleanup actions continue to pro-
tect human health and the environment.
/ A check in the "Deleted" category indi-
cates that the site cleanup has met all
human health and environmental goals
and that the EPA has deleted the site
from the NPL.
Further information on the activities and
progress at each site is given in the site "Fact
Sheets" published in this volume.
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ADVANCED
DEVICES, INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD048634059
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
AMD 901/902
AMD - Thompson Place
Site Description
The Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) site covers 6 acres in Sunnyvale, where the
company manufactures electronic equipment. Contamination of the groundwater has resulted
from localized spills and leaking underground storage tanks and piping. Two other NPL sites
have contributed to the contaminated groundwater plume: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
(Building 915) and TRW Microwave, Inc. (For additional information, please see the separate
listings for each of these sites). Another facility, Signetics, Inc., has been removed from the
NPL, but still is required to participate in the cleanup under Regional Water Quality Control
Board orders. In 1982, the company removed an acid neutralization tank from a location near
the AMD 901 facility. In 1983, another tank was removed from the AMD 902 facility. AMD
901/902 has a groundwater extraction system that treats groundwater by air stripping. The
treated water is reused as industrial process water. Groundwater is extracted from 18 off-site
wells installed as part of the cleanup activities for the NPL sites in the area and is treated by
the air stripping tower, followed by carbon adsorption at the Advanced Micro Devices
(Building 915) site, located about 1/2 mile away. About 20 percent of the treated water is
discharged to a storm drain, which empties into Calabasas Creek. The remainder is used as
process water by the Building 915 facility. Approximately 50,000 people live within 3 miles of
the site, and about 300,000 people depend on nearby municipal groundwater wells as a source
of drinking water. The closest residence is 1/2 mile away. No private wells are used in the
vicinity of the facility. The municipal wells, located about 1/2 mile from the site, do not show
signs of contamination.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as
trichloroethylene (TCE) and freon. Soils also are contaminated with VOCs. People
who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater
or soil may be at risk.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The AMD facility is continuing to participate with Signetics
and TRW in extracting and treating contaminated groundwater through air
stripping devices followed by carbon adsorption, as required by the Regional
Water Quality Control Board orders.
Entire Site: Under supervision of the State, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
completed an investigation determining the type and extent of contamination on
the site. The EPA selected the cleanup remedy from the recommended
alternatives in late 1991, after public review of the proposed plan was completed. The remedy
calls for the excavation of contaminated soil followed by off-site incineration, ongoing
operation of the existing groundwater extraction and treatment system, and the installation of
new wells at the leading edge of the off-site commingled plume. To date, soil has been
excavated and some wells have been installed. Incineration of the soil and completion of well
installation was completed in late 1992.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order, requiring Advanced
Micro Devices, Signetics, and TRW Microwave to develop a joint plan to prevent the further
migration of contaminants. A new order was issued in April 1989, requiring an investigation
with the neighboring TRW and Signetics sites. This order did not include AMD Building 915,
which is an adjacent, but separate, NPL site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and ongoing operation of the groundwater treatment
system is helping to keep the contaminant levels within acceptable limits and is preventing the
further spread of contaminants while final cleanup activities are taking place and are nearly
completed at the Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. site.
Site Repository
Sunnyvale Public Library, 665 West Olive Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94068
March 1992 2 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
-------
ADVANCED MICRO
DEVICES, INC.
(BUILDING 915)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT080034234
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
AMD 915 Deguine
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. manufactures semiconductor and microprocessor devices on
this 5 1/2-acre site. Building 915 was constructed on former agricultural land in 1973. At that
time, three underground acid neutralization tanks were installed north of the building. The
building's operations also involved underground tanks for storage of waste organic solvents.
In 1981, the company identified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wells near the
building. High levels of solvents are present in the on-site soils and resulted from leaking
tanks and spills during the handling of solvents. Two other NPL sites have contributed to the
contaminated groundwater plume: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. and TRW Microwave, Inc.
(For additional information, please see the separate listings for each of these sites). Another
facility, Signetics, Inc. has been removed from the NPL but is required to participate in the
cleanup process under Regional Water Quality Control Board Orders. The closest homes are
400 feet north of the site. Contamination from the site had the potential to reach the deep
groundwater that supplies municipal wells within 3 miles of the site. These wells provide
drinking water to approximately 200,000 people in Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, and Mountain
View.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various VOCs. The soil contaminated with organic solvents
has been removed. If the contaminant plume had migrated to the municipal wells,
people who came in direct contact with or drank the water could have been at
risk.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, Advanced Micro Devices removed approximately
5,600 cubic yards of contaminated soil and a three-tank underground acid
neutralization system, with a combined capacity of 4,700 gallons. The soil was
transported to a federally approved hazardous waste facility. One of the tanks was found to
have a hole in its side. Five additional underground storage tanks were removed between
1982 and 1983. Between 1982 and 1983, five groundwater extraction wells and pumps were
installed to stop the migration of contaminants off site. Seven more wells were installed
between 1983 and 1985 to provide an additional hydraulic barrier to trap the contaminant
plume migrating off site. Water from these wells is being treated by an air stripper and
carbon adsorption to remove VOCs. In addition, groundwater extracted from 18 other off-site
wells, installed as part of the cleanup activities for the other NPL sites in the area, is being
treated by the air stripping tower and carbon adsorption at this site. All construction is
completed. Groundwater treatment will continue until established goals for the site are met.
Entire Site: In 1991, Advanced Micro Devices completed an investigation, under
State monitoring, to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site.
The EPA chose to continue operation of the existing groundwater extraction and
treatment system which treats the water by an air stripper and carbon adsorption.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and tanks and the continued treatment of contaminated
groundwater have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Advanced
Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) site.
Site Repository
Sunnyvale Public Library, 665 West Olive Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086
March 1992 4 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
(BUILDING 915)
-------
AEROJET GE
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980358832
EPA REGION 9
Sacramento County
Rancho Cordova
Site Description
The Aerojet General Corp. site covers 8,500 acres near Rancho Cordova, 15 miles east of
Sacramento. Since 1953, Aerojet and its subsidiaries have manufactured liquid and solid
propellant rocket engines for military and commercial applications and have formulated a
number of chemicals, including rocket propellant agents, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and
other industrial chemicals. In addition, the Cordova Chemical Company operated a chemical
manufacturing facility on the Aerojet complex from 1974 to 1979. Both companies disposed
of unknown quantities of hazardous waste chemicals, including trichloroethylene (TCE) and
other chemicals associated with rocket propellants, as well as various chemical processing
wastes. Wastes were disposed of on the site in surface impoundments, landfills, deep injection
wells, leachate fields, directly on the ground, and were burned. Underlying the site are
extensive 50-foot-deep gold dredge tailings, a remnant of past mining operations. The
communities potentially affected by this site are Rancho Cordova, population 43,000;
Carmichael, population 43,000; and Sacramento, population 309,000. The closest residence is
about 500 feet away from the site. Groundwater is used extensively throughout the Rancho
Cordova area to supply municipal, domestic, and industrial water. About 16 public and private
drinking water supply wells have been contaminated. Some of these wells have been closed
while Aerojet is providing wellhead treatment to others. Aerojet continues to monitor
drinking water supplies to assure compliance with drinking water standards. The northeastern
edge of the site is about 1/2 mile from the American River. Lake Natoma and Alder Creek
are nearby and are used for recreational activities. The river is used for public water supplies.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
IT
Groundwater and surface water contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such
as TCE, perchloroethylene (PCE), chloroform, and Freon-113. Soils are
contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including antimony, arsenic, cadmium,
and zinc. People who come in direct contact with, drink, or shower with
contaminated groundwater may be at risk. In the past, groundwater containing
TCE has been found on the banks of the American River. However, recent
sampling has shown no reoccurrence of TCE in the groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: interim actions and three long-term remedial
phases directed at cleanup of the entire site, the American River, and Area 40.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: Between 1983 and 1986, six groundwater extraction and
treatment facilities were installed as a barrier system to prevent further movement
of contaminants off site. The facilities are a series of injection and extraction
wells and a groundwater treatment system built to intercept groundwater as it moves off the
facility boundary. Currently, additional wells are being installed. Studies are underway to
improve the effectiveness of the extraction and treatment facilities and to incorporate them
into a final remedy at the site.
Entire Site: Under monitoring by the EPA, the State Department of Health
Services, and the Regional Water Quality Control Board, Aerojet began
investigating the nature and extent of groundwater and soil contamination
throughout the site. The first phase of the investigation that will address soil contamination is
scheduled to be completed in 1994. A second investigation phase is planned, after which, final
measures for groundwater cleanup will be selected.
American River: Aerojet currently is investigating the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination on the north side and beneath the American River.
VOC contaminants were detected in the groundwater after Aerojet sampled
monitoring wells installed in 1991. The investigation is expected to be completed in 1992, at
which time a final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Area 40: An investigation is scheduled to begin addressing soil and groundwater
contamination at Area 40, an Aerojet General owned parcel of land west of the
facility borders. The investigation will explore the nature and extent of
contamination and will recommend effective alternatives for a final cleanup remedy.
March 1992 6 AEROJET GENERAL CORP.
-------
Environmental Progress
The interim groundwater treatment system currently in operation at the Aerojet General
facility is reducing contaminant levels and is preventing the further spread of the contaminant
plume while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Carmichael Regional Library, 5605 Marconi Avenue, Carmichael, CA 85608
AEROJET GENERAL CORP.
March 1992
-------
APPLIED MAT
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD042728840
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Applied Materials manufactures deposition equipment used in the semiconductor industry on
this 9-acre site in Santa Clara. Monitoring wells on the site indicate the presence of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Contamination is believed to have resulted from leaking pipes
leading to underground tanks associated with an acid neutralization system. This is one of 28
sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of
toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common
groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to
combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the
contamination. The area surrounding the site is used mostly for light industrial, commercial,
and residential purposes. The population of the City of Santa Clara is about 90,000 people.
Approximately 300,000 people depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water within 3
miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils contain VOCs such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The
contaminants in the groundwater could pose a threat to human health if the
groundwater is used as a source of drinking water in the future. Presently, there do
not appear to be any threats associated with exposure to these contaminants,
because area drinking water wells have not been affected by the contaminant
plume.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and soil.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1984, Applied Materials installed a system to pump and treat
contaminated groundwater. The system consists of three extraction wells, an
extraction pit, and a dual-column air stripper. In 1985, underground storage tanks
and some of the surrounding soil were excavated, and an excavation pit was constructed. In
addition, a downgradient extraction well and a second deep monitoring well were installed to
determine the extent of contaminant migration. The treated groundwater is discharged to a
storm drain system, which flows into San Tomas Aquino Creek and South San Francisco Bay.
Groundwater: Under supervision by the State, Applied Materials completed an
investigation into the extent of groundwater and soil contamination at the site. In
1990, the EPA chose to continue using the pump and treat system installed in
1984 to remove contaminants from the groundwater. All construction activities have been
completed although the potentially responsible parties continue to operate and maintain the
groundwater treatment system.
Soil: In 1990, under the direction of the Bay Area Water Quality Control Board,
the potentially responsible parties began a study of the hazards posed by
contaminated soil beneath the manufacturing facility. This study is scheduled to
be completed in late 1993. Based on the findings of the study, the EPA will determine
whether or not it is necessary to remove the contaminated soil from beneath the building.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system currently in operation at the Applied Materials site is
reducing contaminant levels and preventing the further spread of the contaminant plume. The
system will continue until cleanup goals are met. In addition, a study is underway to assess the
hazards posed to the environment by contaminated soils on site.
Site Repository
Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, 2101 Webster Road,
Suite 500, Oakland, CA 94612
APPLIED MATERIALS 9 March 1992
-------
ATLAS ASBE
MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980496863
EPA REGION 9
Fresno County
18 miles northwest of Coalinga
Other Names:
Arroyo Pasejaro
Hollister Resource/Bureau of
Land Management
Site Description
The Atlas Asbestos Mine site covers 435 acres near Coalinga. The mine operated from 1963
until 1979 and consists of the asbestos mine, a processing mill, support buildings, and
extensive asbestos mine tailings. During operation, some milling and mining products from
Atlas and the Coalinga Asbestos Mine were transported to the City of Coalinga. In addition,
the Coalinga Asbestos Mine, also listed on the NPL and located about 3 miles away,
deposited its milling and mining products in Coalinga. (For additional information, please see
the separate listing for Coalinga Asbestos Mine). The 107-acre area in the City of Coalinga
was operated as an asbestos milling, manufacturing, storage, and transportation center. It
consists of four distinct areas: the warehouse, which once was a mining waste distribution
center and now houses 1,600 cubic yards of mining waste; a storage yard containing asbestos-
contaminated stacked pipes; a shipping yard used as an asbestos distribution center by the
Atlas Asbestos Company; and the U.S. Asbestos Company, which currently stores piles of
asbestos-contaminated mining waste. The Atlas facility drains directly into White Creek,
which drains into Los Gatos Creek, a tributary of the Arroyo Pasejaro, a flood area along the
California Aqueduct. A detention basin was built in the flood plain to store water during
heavy runoff and to allow the asbestos-laden sediment to settle. Sediments carried by
floodwaters have silted up the detention basin and have diminished its storage capacity. As a
result, during heavy floods the waters may be released into the canal through four drain
inlets, and asbestos can be carried into the aqueduct. Elevated levels of asbestos have been
found in the aqueduct. However, most of the downstream users of the aqueduct water are
protected by filtration and settling pond systems, which trap most of the asbestos fibers. The
area surrounding the Atlas site is primarily rural. The land is used for ranching, farming, and
recreational activities such as hunting, hiking, camping, and off-road vehicles. About 10
ranchers live within 5 miles of the site. The closest community is Coalinga, about 18 miles
away, with a population of approximately 8,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
10
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Air, surface water, sediments, and soils are contaminated with asbestos. People
who touch, accidentally ingest, or inhale contaminated surface water, sediments,
soil, or air may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the
surface asbestos/mine tailings and the contamination in the City of Coalinga.
Response Action Status
Surface Asbestos/Mine Tailings: The EPA completed investigations of the
surface asbestos at the mine, the mine tailings, the ore stockpiles, and the mill in
1991. The selected remedy for the final cleanup includes diverting the stream flow
away from the mine surfaces and tailing piles by building stream diversions, minimizing the
release of sediments containing asbestos by building sediment trapping dams, stabilizing the
slopes of the waste piles by regrading, and limiting access to the site by erecting fences and
placing deed restrictions on private property at the mine area. The design of the remedy is
scheduled to begin in 1992, with cleanup activities expected to begin in 1993.
City of Coalinga Contaminated Area: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to
clean up the 107 acres of contamination in the City of Coalinga, resulting from the
Atlas and Coalinga asbestos mines. The remedy includes: excavating and
consolidating approximately 20,000 cubic yards of asbestos, chromium, and nickel-
contaminated soil and building debris; constructing an underground waste management unit
(WMU) to contain and dispose of contaminated soil and waste on site; covering the WMU
area with an impermeable cap; regrading the excavated area; decontaminating the debris;
monitoring the soil, groundwater, and air; and implementing deed restrictions on the use of
the land. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination began cleanup activities
under EPA monitoring in 1990 and completed activities in 1992, except for implementing the
deed restriction on land use, which is still in the process of being implemented.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of the contaminated area in the City of Coalinga is complete. The EPA has
determined that no other actions are needed at the Atlas Asbestos site while final cleanup
remedies for the surface asbestos and mine tailings areas are being planned.
ATLAS ASBESTOS MINE 11 March 1992
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Site Repository
San Jose Public Library, Main Library, 180 West San Carlos Street, San Jose, CA 95113
March 1992
12
ATLAS ASBESTOS MINE
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BARSTOW M
CORPS LOGI
BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA817002426*
EPA REGION 9
San Bernardino County
Barstow
Other Names:
Marine Corps Logistics Base - Nebo
Barstow USMC Logistics Base - Nebo
Site Description
The Barstow Marine Corps Logistics Base site covers 5,687 acres east of Barstow. The site
consists of three areas: Nebo area, Yermo area, and the Rifle Range. The base was
established at the Nebo location in 1942, when the U.S. Navy transferred command to the
U.S. Marine Corps. In 1946, the Yermo area was annexed by the Marines from the U.S.
Army. The Rifle Range was acquired in 1955 and was developed as a facility for the Marines
to improve their marksmanship. The Barstow base has two major functions: providing
equipment maintenance, repair, overhaul and rebuilding; and receiving, storing, maintaining,
issuing, and shipping materials. Consequently, the majority of wastes historically generated by
the base have been vehicle-related and war surplus. Vehicle-related wastes include waste oils,
grease, hydraulic fluids, fuels, battery acids, bilge waters, and antifreeze. Industrial wastes are
generated by the Repair Division while maintaining, rebuilding, or preserving the vehicles.
These include painting, degreasing, metal parts cleaning, and preservation wastes. Some
hazardous or suspected hazardous wastes were contained in war surplus materials received at
the base, including ammunition, various sources of low-level radiation (luminescent dials,
watches, and scopes), and chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, and raw materials.
Investigations by the Marine Corps have found 38 areas of contamination on the base.
Approximately 29,000 people live in the City of Barstow. About 1,300 people use on-site
groundwater as a drinking water source. Groundwater is the only source for domestic,
commercial, and industrial water supply, as well as crop irrigation. The base is located in the
central Mojave Desert.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as
trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). Soil is contaminated with
VOCs, pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil may suffer adverse health effects.
13
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions gnd three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater, source control, and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: An alternative drinking water supply has been provided for
personnel on the base. One drinking water well is being treated. Contaminated
sludges in old wastewater lagoons are scheduled to be excavated and treated in
Groundwater: The Marine Corps is conducting an investigation to determine the
extent and nature of contamination of the groundwater. At its completion, planned
for late 1994, recommendations for cleanup remedies will be made.
Source Control: The Marine Corps is conducting an investigation to identify
additional sources of contamination throughout the base. The study is expected to
be completed in late 1994.
Entire Site: An extensive investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the entire site is scheduled to begin in late 1993. The Marine
Corps is expected to complete the study in 1995.
Site Facts: The base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially
funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD
facilities.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate drinking water supply to base personnel, the potential for exposure
to contaminants in the groundwater has been reduced while investigations continue and final
cleanup activities are being planned for the Barstow Marine Corps Logistics Base site.
Site Repository
San Bernardino County Public Library, Barstow Branch, 304 East Buena Vista,
Barstow, CA92311
March 1992 14 BARSTOW MARINE CORPS LOGISTICS BASE
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BECKMAN
INSTRUMENTS
(PORTERVILLE PLAN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD048645444
EPA REGION 9
Tulare County
Porterville
Site Description
The Beckman Instruments (Porterville Plant) site covers approximately 500 acres in
Porterville. The plant itself occupies 12 acres. The company has manufactured printed circuit
boards and electronic instruments parts at the facility since 1968. Wastes generated from
these operations included solvents, acid solutions, and heavy metals. From 1974 until 1983,
these wastes were disposed of in an evaporation pond on site. This pond is the most likely
source of groundwater contamination in the area surrounding the Beckman facility. In
addition to the pond, three other areas where wastes were dumped include the former
etchant tank area, the ammonium persulfate and copper waste discharge area (known as the
soil stain area), and the depression area. Liquids from the pond were first detected in 1978 in
a leak detection sump underlying the pond. Subsequent groundwater monitoring indicated the
presence of elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals.
Numerous residences are located near the site. In addition, Porterville College is just east of
the site, and downtown Porterville is about 2,000 feet north of the site. A municipal water
supply well is located about 500 feet northwest of the facility. Approximately 475 people live
within a mile of the plant and are affected by the contaminated groundwater.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains VOCs such as trichloroethylene (TCE), and Freon-113.
Lead is contaminating the soil. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk.
15
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the pond liquids, liners, and surface soils were
removed and disposed of in a federally approved facility. Beckman installed
groundwater monitoring wells and provided alternate water supplies to about 300
residences affected by the contamination. Between 1983 and 1985, the company connected
over 150 of the affected residences to the Porterville municipal water supply system. In 1985,
Beckman installed a groundwater pump and treat system to stop the westward spread of
contaminants in the upper aquifer and to begin cleaning the groundwater. This helped to slow
and eventually halt the migration of the contaminant plume. In 1987, an eastern
containment/reclamation well field was installed. Groundwater from this area is pumped to an
on-site air stripping tower. The treated groundwater from both systems is used for local
irrigation or is diverted to percolation basins east of the facility and near the Tule River. As
of January 1990, groundwater cleanup standards have been achieved in the upper aquifer.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the soils and lower
aquifer areas of the Beckman Instruments site by: extracting the contaminated
groundwater; treating the groundwater by air stripping to remove the
contaminants; releasing the treated groundwater into the aquifer; and excavating the lead-
contaminated soil and disposing of it in a federally approved facility. In 1990, Beckman, under
EPA monitoring, began designing the technical specifications for the cleanup. The design of
the groundwater remedy was approved in 1992, with cleanup activities beginning thereafter.
To date, soil cleanup has been completed and the first phase of groundwater cleanup is
underway.
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA and Beckman Instruments signed a Consent Order requiring
the company to clean up the site. Beckman designed cleanup technologies and is currently
conducting cleanup activities under a Unilateral Administrative Order.
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system operating at the Beckman Instruments site has been effective in
reducing the levels of contamination in the groundwater. Cleanup standards for the upper
aquifer have been achieved. The soils contaminated with lead have been removed from the
site, which eliminated the potential for direct exposure to hazardous materials at the site. The
remedies for the remaining components of the cleanup are underway.
March 1992 16 BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS
(PORTERVILLE PLANT)
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Site Repository
Porterville Public Library, 41 West Thurman Avenue, Porterville, CA 93257
BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS
(PORTERVILLE PLANT)
17
March 1992
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BROWN & BR
INC. (ARVIN P
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD052384021
EPA REGION 9
Kern County
Arvin
\IJ_3
Site Description
The Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant) covers about 5 acres in Arvin. The company began
operations in 1960 as a formulator of agricultural chemicals including fertilizers, herbicides,
insecticides, and fumigants. During inspections by State agencies, improper handling and
disposal of hazardous wastes at the facility have been documented. Accidental spills of
pesticides have occurred at the site. In 1979, an evaporation pond was constructed in the
southeastern corner of the site. This pond received pesticide rinse water and surface runoff
from the site. As the result of heavy rains, this pond has overflowed on at least two
occasions. The closest public well is about 1,700 feet south of the site. The public water
system supplies drinking water to approximately 7,800 people and irrigates about 19,600 acres
of cropland. The area surrounding the site is industrial, agricultural, and residential. The
Arvin-Edison Water District maintains six municipal groundwater wells within 1 mile of the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Soil contains numerous pesticides such as dinoseb, ethylene dibromide and other
fumigants. The groundwater also is contaminated with pesticides. People who
accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil
may be at risk.
18
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: interim actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and cleanup of the area-wide groundwater.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In 1988, under the supervision of the State, Brown & Bryant,
Inc. excavated the heavily contaminated soil under the pond and installed a liner.
An additional removal of dinoseb-contaminated soil was conducted in 1991. The
excavated soil was cleaned, treated, and returned to the ground. The water used to clean the
soil was treated by an innovative technology called ultraviolet/ozone. This process uses special
ultraviolet lights and ozone gas to break down hazardous chemicals. In addition, more
monitoring wells were installed to detect if any contaminants were migrating to the Arvin
Municipal wells and to monitor the perched water plume.
Entire Site: The EPA began an investigation in 1990 to determine a long-term
solution to the groundwater and soil contamination problems. The investigation is
expected to be completed in 1993. Activities involved in the investigation include
sampling and analysis of surface soils, subsurface soils, and groundwater; and treatability
studies of the ultraviolet/ozone technology and other treatment technologies.
Area-Wide Groundwater: An investigation is scheduled to begin in 1993 to
explore the nature and extent of the area-wide groundwater contamination. Once
the investigation is completed, alternative cleanup options will be recommended.
Site Facts: Under orders from the State, Brown & Bryant, Inc. conducted a limited
investigation of the site and removed some of the contaminated soil. However, in 1989, the
firm went out of business, leaving the EPA and the State to solve the remaining
contamination problems.
Environmental Progress
The removal and treatment of the heavily contaminated soil has reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials while the EPA and the State are conducting additional
investigations of the Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant) site.
Site Repository
Kern County Library, 123 A Street, Arvin, CA 93203
BROWN & BRYANT, INC. (ARVIN PLANT)
19
March 1992
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CAMP PENDLET
MARINE CORP
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CA2170023533
EPA REGION 9
San Diego County
Other Names:
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Camp Pendleton PCB Spill
Site Description
The Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base site covers 125,000 acres in San Diego County. The
base provides housing, training, and logistical and administrative support for the Fleet Marine
Force units. Past disposal practices have contaminated the groundwater and soil. In an initial
investigation, the Marine Corps found nine areas of contamination. Waste generation
operations at this site include maintenance and repair of vehicles (trucks, tanks, and aircraft);
landfill operations; waste disposal areas, such as scrap yards; and fiirefighting drill areas. The
base contains wetlands, streams, and rivers, which feed into the Pacific Ocean. This land is
the only remaining undeveloped area between Los Angeles and San Diego.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
ZT3
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
spent oils, fuels, poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, metals and
herbicides. Though groundwater provides drinking water to the entire installation,
the current drinking water supply does not violate the drinking water standards.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of soils;
landfills, surface impoundments, and groundwater; and other soils and groundwater.
20
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Soils: In 1990, the Marine Corps began an investigation to determine the full
extent of contamination of the soil in areas where data were already available.
Once this investigation is completed, scheduled in 1994, final cleanup measures will
Landfills, Surface Impoundments, and Groundwater: Also in 1990, the
Marine Corps began an investigation of the type and extent of contamination in
the landfills, surface impoundments, and groundwater. Once this investigation is
completed, planned for 1994, final cleanup measures will be recommended for addressing the
groundwater contamination.
Other Soils and Groundwater: The nature and extent of contamination of soils
and groundwater on the site where data are not yet available is the subject of a
study started in 1990 by the Marine Corps. The investigation is scheduled to be
completed in 1995, after which the final cleanup remedy for these areas will be selected.
Site Facts: Camp Pendleton is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
After listing the site on the NPL, preliminary investigations showed that no immediate actions
are required at the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base while investigations continue and
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Oceanside Public Library, 330 North Hill Street, Oceanside, CA 92054
CAMP PENDLETON MARINE CORPS BASE 21 March 1992
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CASTLE AIR -^fe EP^JJREQION 9
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA3570024551
Site Description
The Castle Air Force Base site comprises 2,777 acres and is adjacent to Atwater. This
installation originally began as an Army base in 1941 and was used as an aircrew training
facility. The Strategic Air Command assumed responsibility for the base in 1946. Since the
mid-1940s, aircraft maintenance, fuel management, and fire training activities on the base
have generated wastes that consist primarily of waste fuels, oils, solvents and cleaners. Base
activities also have generated lesser amounts of paints and plating wastes. Until 1977, bulk
wastes such as solvents, oils, fuels, and sludges were disposed of by the Air Force in pits at
landfills around the base. Fuel and waste oils were incinerated by the Air Force during fire
training exercises. The Air Force ceased disposal of hazardous waste on site in 1977, and
there is only one remaining active landfill on the base. Investigations are proceeding at
multiple areas of contamination including landfills, discharge areas, chemical disposal kits, fire
training areas, fuel spill areas and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) spill areas. An estimated
12,210 persons work at the base. The primary base housing area is Castle Gardens, located
immediately to the southwest of the base. Approximately 6,000 people obtain their drinking
water from both municipal and private wells located near the site.
o-* D -u-r* TU- •* • u • AA A *u u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Federal actions. Final Date. 0?/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Shallow groundwater in the Main Base and the North, East, and West Flightline
areas is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene. Soils in the Main
Base, the East Sector, and the West Flightline Sectors are contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene.
Off-base housing areas are contaminated with low levels of VOCs. Base employees
and residents could be exposed to site-related contaminants by accidentally
ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated soil. Because
groundwater is used by local farmers to irrigate crops, area residents also could be
exposed to airborne concentrations of TCE in dusts.
22 March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in five stages:immediate actions, one interim action concerning
the shallow aquifer, and three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of Disposal
Area-4 and Wallace Road, the off-base groundwater and sub-shallow aquifers, and the entire
base.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Air Force installed two deep wells in 1988 to replace
TCE-contaminated water supplies: one for the City of Atwater and one to meet
on-base needs. The Air Force also constructed a granular activated carbon
filtration system to treat TCE-contaminated groundwater in 1989. Prior to the installation of
these filters, the Air Force supplied area residents with bottled water. The Air Force began
removing contaminated materials from Disposal Area-4 and Wallace Road, a residential area
in 1991. Contaminated groundwater from these two areas is being pumped and treated using
carbon adsorption. The treated groundwater is being discharged into Casad Lateral Canal.
Shallow Aquifer: In 1989, an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination of the shallow aquifer was begun. The investigation was completed
in mid-1991 and resulted in the selection of an interim cleanup action. Currently,
a pump and treat system is under design to address groundwater contamination. The design
phase is expected to be completed in 1993.
Disposal Area-4 and Wallace Road: The investigation to determine the nature
and extent of contamination at Disposal Area-4 and Wallace Road, a residential
area, is underway. The investigation is expected to be completed in 1992.
Off-Base Groundwater and Sub-Shallow Aquifers: The investigation to
determine the nature and extent of contamination in the off-base groundwater and
sub-shallow aquifers in underway. The investigation is scheduled to be completed
Entire Base: The study into the nature and extent of contamination at the base
and the most effective methods for addressing it began in 1989. The base-wide
investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1995.
Site Facts: Castle Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities. The site has been placed on the Base Closure List. It is expected to be
closed within the next 5 years.
CASTLE AIR FORCE BASE 23 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
By supplying the on-base and local residents affected by groundwater contamination with a
safe drinking water supply, installing a groundwater filtration system, as well as removing
contaminated materials, the Air Force has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials from drinking water supplies while extensive investigations into the areas of
contamination at the Castle Air Force Base site are taking place and cleanup activities are
being planned.
Site Repository
Merced County Library, Central Branch, 2100 O Street, Merced, CA 95430
March 1992
24
CASTLE AIR FORCE BASE
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CELTOR
CHEMICAL
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980638860
EPA REGION 9
Humboldt County
Hoopa
Other Names:
Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation
Site Description
The 2-acre Celtor Chemical Works site, located in the northern Hoopa Valley Indian
Reservation, is a former ore concentrating facility that processed sulfide ore for copper, zinc,
and precious metal extraction. The Hoopa Valley Indian Tribe, the site's owner, leased the
land in 1958 to the Celtor Chemical Corporation. From 1958 until 1962, copper, zinc, and
precious metals were recovered on site from sulfide ore mined and trucked to Celtor from
the nearby Copper Bluff Mine. In 1962, Celtor Chemical Corporation abandoned the site,
and mine tailings generated from the milling operations were left on site. These tailings, along
with non-specific releases of processed ore, were thought to be the cause of the acidic surface
water runoff and elevated metals concentrations in the soils through out the site. The site
consists of the plant, an adjacent pasture used for grazing livestock, a gully connecting the
plant and the Trinity River, a drainage creek that collects surface runoff and carries it into
the Trinity River, and a fishing access road that is heavily used by local residents. There are
about 900 people living within 3 miles of the site.The Trinity River, which supports the only
fish resources for the Hoopla Indians, flows through the center of the reservation and near
the site.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, copper, lead, cadmium,
and zinc. Potential health threats to people included accidental ingestion or
inhalation of contaminated soil and dust generated by wind.
25
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site was being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA excavated several hundred cubic yards of
visibly contaminated materials. This material included tailings, non-concrete
structures, and a portion of the pasture adjacent to the site. The main portion of
the site was fenced, and the access road was covered with gravel. The flow of several springs
was diverted away from contaminated areas and into a nearby creek emptying into the Trinity
River.
Entire Site: From 1987 to 1989, the EPA excavated an additional 1,400 cubic
yards of contaminated soils from the site and disposed of them off site at an EPA-
approved hazardous waste disposal facility. All site cleanup activities have been
completed, and the process for deletion of the site from the NPL has been initiated.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has completed all actions for the cleanup of contamination at the Celtor Chemical
site. The EPA, in conjunction with the State, has determined that the site has now met
human health and environmental goals and currently is in the process of deleting the site
from the NPL. Monitoring will continue to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the
remedies.
Site Repository
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Looped Road, Room 102, Hoopa, CA 95546
March 1992
26
CELTOR CHEMICAL WORKS
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COALINGA
MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD980817217
EPA REGION 9
Fresno County
17 miles northwest of Coalinga
Other Names:
Johns-Manville Asbestos Company
Southern Pacific Land
Company/Coalinga
Arroyo Pasajero Regional Asbestos
Study
Site Description
The Coalinga Asbestos Mine site covers 557 acres near Coalinga. The mill was operated by
the Coalinga Asbestos Company (a joint venture between the Johns-Manville Sales
Corporation, the Kern County Land Company, and private investors) from 1962 to 1974,
when the mill property reverted to the Southern Pacific Land Company (SPLC). SPLC leased
the facility to the Marmac Resource Company for chromite mining in 1975. All operations
ceased in 1977. The site consists of partially demolished mill buildings and a process waste
mine tailings pile that occupies about 20 acres. Two large open-pit mines are located above
the mill site and were used as the sources of ore for the Coalinga Asbestos Company milling
operations. While the mill was operating, some milling and mining products from Coalinga
and from the Atlas Asbestos Mine, located about 3 miles away, were transported to the City
of Coalinga. Because these two mines contributed to the contamination of a 107-acre area in
Coalinga, the contamination in Coalinga also is being cleaned up. (For additional information,
please see the separate listing for Atlas Asbestos Mine.) The area surrounding the Coalinga
Asbestos Mine is primarily rural. The land is used for ranching, farming, and recreational
activities such as hunting. About 10 ranchers live within 5 miles of the site. The closest
community is Coalinga, about 14 miles away. The town has a population of approximately
8,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
Air, soils, sediments, and surface water contain asbestos. People who come into
direct contact with, accidentally ingest, or inhale contaminated surface water,
sediments, soil, or air may be at risk.
27
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the
Coalinga Asbestos Mines and the City of Coalinga contaminated area.
Response Action Status
Coalinga Asbestos Mines: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially
responsible for contamination at the Coalinga Asbestos Mines investigated the
type and extent of contamination. The final cleanup remedy was selected in 1991
and includes diverting the stream flow away from the tailings pile by building a cross canyon
stream diversion, minimizing the release of asbestos into a nearby creek by improving the
existing sediment trapping dam, paving the road through the Mill Axea to suppress dust,
dismantling the mill building and disposing of the debris, and limiting access to the site by
erecting a fence and placing deed restrictions on the property. The design of the remedy is
expected to begin in late 1992.
City of Coalinga Contaminated Area: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to
clean up the 107 acres of contamination in the City of Coalinga, which resulted
from the Atlas and Coalinga asbestos mines. The remedy includes: excavating and
consolidating approximately 20,000 cubic yards of asbestos, chromium, and nickel-
contaminated soil and building debris; constructing an underground waste management unit
(WMU) to contain and dispose of contaminated soil and waste on site; covering the WMU
area with an impermeable cap; regrading the excavated area; decontaminating the debris;
monitoring the soil, groundwater, and air; and implementing deed restrictions on the use of
the land. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination began cleanup activities in
1990, under EPA guidance. While cleanup activities have been completed, implementation of
a deed restriction which was filed by a potentially responsible party is still under
consideration.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup activities designed to remove contaminants at the City of Coalinga
Contaminated Area are completed and have made the area safer. The selection of a final
cleanup remedy for the Coalinga Asbestos Mine site was made in 1991, with the design of the
remedy scheduled to begin soon.
Site Repository
Coalinga District Library, 305 North 4th Street, Coalinga, CA 93210
March 1992 28 COALINGA ASBESTOS MINE
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COAST WOO
PRESERVING
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD063015887
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Mepdocino County
3 miles south of Ukiah
Coast Wood Preserving is an active wood treatment facility located on 8 acres, 3 miles south
of Ukiah. Since 1971, the Coast Wood Preserving facility has used a solution of sodium
dichromate, copper sulfate, and arsenic acid to pressure-treat and preserve wood products.
Over the years of the facility's operation, dripping and spillage of this chemical solution have
contaminated soil and groundwater on and off site. The Town of Ukiah has a population of
about 13,300 people. There are two duplexes, two bunk houses, and six motel units within 1/2
mile of the site. The motel units are used to house seasonal workers at a nearby packing
facility. The land near the site is used for timber-related facilities, sewage treatment, pear
orchards, and business and commercial facilities. The groundwater in the area supplies
municipal, domestic, and agricultural water. Portions of the site are located over two streams
at a point 1/2 mile upstream from where they meet the Russian River. The river also supplies
municipal, domestic, and agricultural water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with heavy metals including chromium,
arsenic, and copper. Potential health threats include drinking and coming in
contact with on- and off-site runoff and contaminated groundwater used for
potable or agricultural purposes. Since the areas of contaminated soil are covered
with pavement, no direct contact with contaminated soil is expected. Public access
to the site is prevented by a security fence that is locked after business hours.
29
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, Coast Wood Preserving began pumping out the
contaminated groundwater plume and storing it on site. Subsequently, the
company constructed a slurry wall and an interceptor trench to prevent the off-
site migration of contaminated groundwater. A groundwater extraction well was installed to
pump the contaminated groundwater, and an injection well was constructed downgradient
from the site, into which Coast Wood Preserving will inject treated water. Other activities
included grading and constructing berms to prevent surface water runoff from the operations
area.
Entire Site: The selected cleanup technologies to address soil and groundwater
contamination include: paving over soils to prevent water penetration; treating
contaminated soils on site by fixating them with cement after closure of the site;
implementing deed restrictions on future use of the site property; controlling the groundwater
plume through pumping and treating; and monitoring groundwater on a continuous basis.
Groundwater cleanup is occuring under immediate actions. Actual cleanup activities began in
early 1990. Cleanup of the soils will occur when the facility closes.
Site Facts: In 1981, the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board issued an order
requiring Coast Wood Preserving to establish measures to stop releases of toxic waste. Later
that year, the company was referred to the Board for violation of the order. The Court
subsequently issued an injunction, requiring that the company perform the site cleanup. It was
determined later that Coast Wood Preserving was not complying with the injunction.
Environmental Progress
Groundwater extraction and treatment and construction of a slurry wall and berms have been
effective in controlling the spread of groundwater contamination, thereby reducing the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Coast Wood Preserving site. The
remedies for final soil cleanup have been selected and are currently being performed.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
March 1992 30 COAST WOOD PRESERVING
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CONCORD N
WEAPONS ST
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA7170024528
EPA REGION 9
Contra Costa County
Concord
Site Description
Concord Naval Weapons Station (CNWS) is a 12,800-acre site located in the north-central
portion of Contra Costa County. CNWS is composed of 12,800 inland and tidal areas and a
radiology facility in Pittsburg, California. Aside from typical administrative and support work
activities, this facility is the major ammunition transshipment port on the West Coast for the
Department of the Navy. Transshipment operations are conducted on the 7,630-acre wetlands
bordering Suisun Bay, commonly called the Tidal Area. Wastes generated from base
operations have been disposed of in the Tidal Area since base operations began in 1942.
Naval investigations of the site have identified 32 areas potentially containing hazardous
substances. The investigations are focusing primarily on six areas within the Tidal Area. These
six areas are: the Tidal Area Landfill, the R-Area Disposal Site, the Wood Hogger Site,
Allied Sites A and B, the Kiln Site, and the K-2 Area. The Tidal Area Landfill, the R-Area
Disposal Site, and the Wood Hogger Site are wetlands in the western tidal area;
contamination of these areas comes from on-base waste disposal practices, 3,000 tons of
mixed wastes that have been deposited since the 1940s, material and waste generated during
the segregation of conventional munitions, and chipped wood contaminated with
pentachlorophenol (PCP). Investigations identified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals to be the primary contaminants in these areas. Allied Sites A and B, the Kiln
Site, and the K-2 Area are wetlands in the eastern tidal area. They were contaminated as a
result of private industrial activities and were subsequently purchased by the Navy to create a
buffer zone for base operations. Soil sampling that took place in 1986 detected heavy metals
in these areas. High tides inundated the sources, carrying contaminants to Suisun Bay. Other
potential areas of concern at the station include the Froid and Taylor Road Disposal Area,
the Black Pit at Red Rock Site, and the G-l Site. The contaminated areas are critical
habitats for the salt mash harvest mouse, an endangered species. The black clapper rail, also
an endangered species, inhabits adjacent wetlands. Suisun Bay supports extensive commercial
and recreational fishing.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
31
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
m
Soil, sediments, and surface water are contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals
including zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, and arsenic. Accidently ingesting or coming
into direct contact with contaminated soil, sediments, or surface water could pose a
potential health threat.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and one long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Since 1983, CNWS has conducted excavation and offsite
disposal as well as wetlands restoration activities.
Entire Site: Investigations have been initiated to determine the source of
contamination and to explore the nature and extent of contamination at the entire
site. The investigations are expected to be completed in 1993, at which time the
final cleanup remedies will be selected.
Site Facts: CNWS is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially
funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Initial actions such as wetland restoration and excavation of contaminated soils protects
nearby populations and the environment while investigations are ongoing at the CNWS site.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 32 CONCORD NAVAL WEAPONS STATION
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COOPER DRU
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD055753370
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
South Gate
Site Description
Cooper Drum Co. is a 4-acre site in South Gate that recycles drums. Since 1941, Cooper
Drum Co. has reconditioned closed-topped, steel drums that previously held a variety of
industrial chemicals. The facility is bordered by industrial properties on the north and east,
mixed commercial/residential properties on the west, and a former elementary school (Tweedy
Elementary School) on the south. The Cooper Drum Co. property is primarily a paved area
composed of storage areas for used and reconditioned drums, a drum processing area, and
office, maintenance, and warehouse buildings. In April 1987, the Los Angeles County Health
Department (LACHD) Emergency Response Team responded to an incident at the Tweedy
Elementary School property. An unknown quantity of highly caustic liquid waste had migrated
via underground seepage from the Cooper Drum Co. property. The waste resulted from the
caustic wash water from the drum recycling process line located in the building directly north
of the school property. Initially, the waste was thought to be comprised mainly of sodium
hydroxide and oil. When contamination migrated onto school property, the top layer of soil
was excavated and the area was paved over. Due to public health concerns related to this
event and those of other sites in the area, Tweedy Elementary School has remained closed.
In 1987, the City of South Gate also closed four municipal wells due to volatile organic
compound (VOC) contamination. These four wells are located between 500 and 1,500 feet
downgradient of Cooper Drum Co. and draw water from the Silverado Aquifer,
approximately 600 feet below the ground surface. Contamination of these wells cannot be
attributed solely to Cooper Drum Co. at this time because there are other potential sources
of VOC contamination in the vicinity. However, evidence suggests the shallow aquifer and
the lower Silverado Aquifer are hydraulically connected, so that the water can move between
them. In 1990, analysis of samples from on-site monitoring wells documented VOC
contamination. Municipal wells within 4 miles of the site supply drinking water for
approximately 335,000 people; the nearest of these wells is within a 1/2 mile of the site. An
estimated 340,000 people live within 4 miles of the site The Cooper Drum Co. employs 50
on-site workers and sensitive environments are located within 3 miles.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, local, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
33
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
251
On-site soil is contaminated with VOCs. Shallow groundwater is contaminated with
VOCs including vinyl chloride and benzene. Tanks and sludge pits in the drum
processing area are open to the air, potentially allowing gases and particles to be
released. Potential health risks include coming into contact with or ingesting
contaminated soil and groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In April of 1987, contaminated soil at Tweedy Elementary
School was excavated, the area was paved, and the school was closed. The City of
South Gate closed four municipal wells in the same year. In mid-1987, Cooper
conducted an analysis of on-site soil samples and detected VOCs to depths of 30 feet. In
1990, Cooper drilled three monitoring wells to characterize the extent of contamination in
shallow groundwater beneath the site.
Entire Site: The EPA is scheduled to initiate an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the site in late 1992. This investigation will result in the
selection of remedies for the permanent cleanup of the site.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions taken to contain contamination at Tweedy Elementary School and the
ensuing closure of the school have reduced threats to public health while further
investigations into contamination at the Cooper Drum Co. site are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 34 COOPER DRUM CO.
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CRAZY HORSE
SANITARY LAN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498455
EPA REGION 9
Monterey County
Salinas
Site Description
The 125-acre Crazy Horse Sanitary Landfill site has operated as a sanitary landfill since 1950.
Prior to 1950, the site was used as an open burning dump for approximately 20 years. The
landfill is owned by the City of Salinas and is operated by Salina Disposal Services. The
facility currently receives approximately 162,000 tons of refuse a year and is expected to
remain in operation until at least 1999. In 1977, the landfill received a permit from the State
allowing it to accept various wastes. Some pesticide containers have been disposed of at the
facility. Reportedly, from the early 1970s to 1982, the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company
disposed of large quantities of waste on the site from its vulcanizing process, which included
rubber, carbon black and other fillers, oils and mixed solvents. This material consisted of
wastes containing mainly benzene and toluene. Off-site properties with contaminated wells
were purchased by the City of Salinas in 1987. Since 1987, Pacific Energy has operated and
maintained a gas collection system and an electric generation plant on the site. Land
surrounding the site is used for residential and agricultural purposes. Approximately 6,200
people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, Municipal, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Air and groundwater on site are polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Potential health threats include ingesting, coming into direct contact with, and
inhaling contaminated groundwater and groundwater vapors. Concentrations of
contaminants in air are not high enough to pose a significant health concern.
35
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Approximately 6 acres of the landfill were closed in 1988 and
covered with a high density, polyethylene membrane and 2 feet of soil.
Dewatered, digested, sewage sludge was placed on top of the area to promote
revegetation. The southeastern edge of the area was lined with bales of straw to retard
surface water runoff. The City also pumped water from wells in an attempt to stabilize the
groundwater contamination. Six extraction wells initially were installed as an interim measure,
followed by the installation of 17 additional wells to completely capture the migrating plume.
Adjacent residential wells were either permanently sealed or converted into extraction or
monitoring wells. Contaminated water is pumped from the extraction wells and treated by air
stripping. Treated water is stored in collection tanks and then either reinjected into the
ground through 27 recharge wells or used for dust control.
Entire Site: The EPA plans to begin an investigation into the nature and extent
of air and groundwater contamination at the site in late 1993. The investigation
will define the contaminants and will identify alternative technologies for final air
and groundwater cleanup. The investigation is planned to be completed in 1994.
Environmental Progress
Covering portions of the landfill and installing a groundwater treatment system have reduced
the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Crazy Horse Sanitary Landfill site
while studies leading to final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
U.S. EPA Region 9 Library, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105
March 1992 36 CRAZY HORSE SANITARY LANDFILL
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CIS PRINTE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD009212838
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Site Description
CTS Printex, Inc. manufactured printed circuit boards on this 5 1/2-acre site from 1966 until
1985. The facility used a wet and dry process to manufacture the circuit boards. The wet
process occurred in the "wet-floor" building, where process water containing heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discharged to the floor drains and ultimately into a
neutralization sump. The plant received a license from the City of Mountain View that
allowed the sump to discharge into the City's sewer system. The facility also generated other
waste solvents that were disposed of off site. Data from environmental monitoring show that
the soils under the "wet-floor" were contaminated with copper and lead. Also, groundwater on
and off site is contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals from discharges to the "wet-floor"
and the neutralization sump. Approximately 61,000 people live in the City of Mountain View.
More than 188,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and use groundwater from municipal
wells as one source of drinking water. Permanente Creek is located 400 feet from the site.
This creek and all surface water in the area discharge to San Francisco Bay, 2 1/2 miles north
of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, Municipal, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on and off site contains VOCs and heavy metals including lead and
copper. Soils on site are contaminated with lead and copper. People who occupied
the "wet-floor" building in the future could be exposed to hazardous chemicals if
they had inhaled gases from the contaminated soils under it, especially in a
confined space. The building has since been decontaminated and the soils have
been excavated, eliminating this threat.
37
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the company excavated 255 cubic yards
of soil under the building, decontaminated the building, and sent the wastes to an
approved storage facility for hazardous wastes. The company also excavated the
neutralization sump between 1985 and 1986 and backfilled the area with gravel, clay, and
asphalt. One off-site and three on-site extraction wells have been pumping groundwater since
1987 and discharging it to Mountain View's sanitary sewer system for treatment, under a
permit from the City. Three additional off-site extraction wells began pumping in 1989.
Entire Site: Under the State's oversight, the company completed a study of the
nature and extent of contamination at the site in 1991. As a result of the
investigation, the EPA has decided to continue treating groundwater through the
existing extraction system until established cleanup goals are met. Water will still be
discharged to Mountain View's sanitary sewer system after treatment.
Site Facts: In 1987 and 1989, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued
Cleanup and Abatement Orders requiring the company to be more expeditious and thorough
in meeting its schedule for cleaning up the site.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and disposal of contaminated soil, the excavation of the neutralization sump,
and the operation of the groundwater extraction system have reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the CTS Printex, Inc. site while groundwater treatment
activities continue until established site cleanup goals are met.
Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
March 1992 38 CTS PRINTEX, INC.
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DEL AMO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD029544731
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
12 miles south of the City of Los Angeles
Site Description
From 1943 to the mid-to-late 1960s, the Del Amo Facility site was a center of large-scale
industrial activities. Built by the U.S. Government to produce synthetic rubber during World
War II, the 270-acre site consisted of a styrene plant operated by Dow Chemical Co., a
butadiene plant operated by Shell Oil Co., and a synthetic rubber plant operated by U.S.
Rubber Co., Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. and others. Synthetic rubber was produced by
manufacturing styrene and butadiene separately, piping them to the rubber plant, and then
mixing the two together. Within each facility, wastes from the production processes were
directed into separator units. Settled sludge from the separator units was disposed of either
off site or in a waste disposal area located on site. Six unlined pits and three unlined
evaporation ponds made up the 4-acre on-site disposal area. Effluent from the separator units
was released into a flood control channel only a 1/2 mile away from the site. Upon closure in
the mid-to-late 1960s, the unlined pits and ponds were covered with soil. Most of the 270-
acre facility has since been developed as an industrial park. In 1984, contamination was
discovered in the disposal area and underlying soils. Groundwater located beneath the site is
threatened due to the permeable nature of the soil. This drinking water source supplies
34,000 people within 4 miles of the site. Today, the 4-acre disposal area is vacant and
overgrown with weeds. The Del Amo Facility is bounded to the north by residences and to
the west, north, and east by industrial and commercial facilities. Approximately 17,600 people
live within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 07729/91
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
including benzene and toluene, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs).
Floating product, including benzene and petroleum, also has been identified on top
of the water table at the site.
39
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
disposal area pit and the entire site.
Response Action Status
Disposal Pit Area: In 1992, the potentially responsible parties began an intensive
study of alternatives to clean up the 4-acre disposal pit. This study is scheduled to
be completed in mid-1994.
Entire Site: In 1992, the potentially responsible parties began an investigation
into the nature and extent of contamination at the entire site. This study,
scheduled for completion by 1995, will recommend cleanup alternatives for the
entire site.
Site Facts: Two potentially responsible parties, Shell Oil Co. and Dow Chemical Co., have
signed an Administrative Order on Consent agreeing to perform an investigation of the
4-acre disposal pit area. They also will conduct an investigation of the entire 270-acre site.
Environmental Progress
After initial investigations were conducted by the State of California, the EPA determined
that the site poses no immediate threat to human health or the environment while site
studies are underway.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 40 DEL AMO FACILITY
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DEL NORTE
PESTICIDE
STORAGE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD000626176
EPA REGION 9
Del Norte County
1 mile northwest of Crescent City
Other Names:
Del Norte County
Department of Agriculture
Del Norte County Airport
Site Description
The Del Norte County Pesticide Storage Area site operated from 1970 until 1981, accepting
containers from local agricultural and forestry related industries. The site was intended to be
an interim or emergency storage area for pesticide containers, which previously had been
triple-rinsed and punctured. Wastes and rinse water were improperly disposed of in a sump.
Approximately 1,600 drums that had held the wastes and rinse water were recovered and
recycled by the County Agricultural Department. This site is bordered by the Pacific Ocean,
State-owned land, residences, and farmland. Private wells supply the domestic water to the
area, and four wells are located within 2,500 feet of the site. Approximately 250 people live
within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil were found to be contaminated with various pesticides and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Individuals may have been at risk if they
come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated soil or
groundwater.
41
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, the EPA removed 300 cubic yards of
contaminated soils that were considered to be the source of groundwater
contamination. An air stripping groundwater treatment system was constructed in
1989 and has been successfully stripping the pesticide DCP from the groundwater prior to
discharge to the municipal waste treatment system. The system has been operating
continuously since 1990. In 1991, operations temporarily were halted as workers repaired a
discharge pipe that had been suffering from freeze damage.
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a cleanup alternative for the entire site
that included: excavation and off-site disposal of the remaining contaminated soils
from the sump and trench areas, extraction of contaminated groundwater,
treatment of contaminated groundwater by coagulation and sand filtration technologies,
piping of treated groundwater to the county sewer main, and groundwater monitoring. Site
conditions that led to the EPA's original decision to treat the contaminated groundwater with
coagulation and filtration techniques changed. The concentration of pesticides had fallen due
to the removal of the source of contamination, high rainfall rates, volatilization, and
biodegradation. Instead, groundwater treatment continued through air stripping techniques
initiated in 1990. As of 1991, approximately 8 million gallons of contaminated groundwater
had been treated and discharged. Groundwater treatment was completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and the installation and operation of the groundwater
treatment system eliminated the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Del
Norte Pesticide Storage site.
Site Repository
Del Norte County Library District, 190 Price Mall, Crescent City, CA 95531
March 1992 42 DEL NORTE PESTICIDE STORAGE
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Site Description
EDWARDS AIR^1^^ 1 EPA REGION 9
I.LSVVJ-irikSW J^IITLf^K * Kern County
FORCE BASE y§a^^ _oj NearLancaster
Other Names:
Edwards AFB Rocket Engine Test Area
EPA I D# CA1570024504
Edwards Air Force Base covers approximately 301,000 acres and is used for aircraft research
and development. The Main/South Base at the western edge of Rogers Dry Lake is used
primarily for maintaining and refueling aircraft. Large amounts of fuel have been spilled, and
poor disposal practices have resulted in the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to
the ground. Other contaminated areas include an abandoned sanitary landfill containing
heavy metals and an area where electroplating wastes were dumped. The North Base, 5 miles
northeast of the Main Base area, has a drum storage site at the northern end of Rogers Dry
Lake and three unlined surface impoundments where wastes were poured during the 1960s
and 1970s. A total of eight areas are being studied to confirm the presence of contaminants.
The 13,800 employees at Edwards Air Force Base obtain drinking water from wells within 3
miles of the Main/South Base.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions. Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils have been contaminated with various VOCs. People may
face a health risk by drinking contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire base, the Main Base and the Flightline, the South
Base, and remaining areas.
43 March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, drums and contaminated soil in a drum disposal
area were removed, and the site was capped. In addition, contaminants at the
Main Base toxic waste disposal area were removed, and the site was regraded. In
the South Base storage area, tanks were excavated or filled with clean sand, and the area was
regraded. In 1989, a groundwater/fuel separation system was installed and was placed in
operation. The system was designed for the extraction of jet fuel from the groundwater. It
was shut down when trichloroethylene (TCE) was discovered in the fuel, but is now scheduled
to re-start in 1992 after pump replacement.
Entire Base: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination currently
is underway. The investigation is scheduled for completion in 2002 and will
conclude with recommendations for the final cleanup of the site.
Main Base/Flightline: An investigation, started in 1990, is addressing this area of
contamination. It is scheduled to be completed in 1996.
South Base: The Air Force is planning to begin investigations of the South Base
in 1992. The South Base was abandoned and almost completely demolished in the
1960s. The study of the nature and extent of contamination in this area is
scheduled to be completed in 1997.
Remaining Areas: Investigations of the abandoned homestead wells, the
astronomy laboratory, the jet propulsion laboratory, and other areas are
scheduled to begin in 1993 through 1994.
Site Facts: Edwards Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program,
a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums, tanks, and contaminated soils has reduced the potential of exposure
to hazardous substances at the Edwards Air Force Base site while studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository '
Kern County Public Library, Rosamond Branch, 2645 Diamond Street, Rosamond, CA 93560
March 1992 44 EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE
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EL TORO MARINE
CORPS AIR STAT
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CA6170023208
EPA REGION 9
Orange County
El Toro
Site Description
The El Toro Marine Corps Air Station covers approximately 4,700 acres. Commissioned in
1943, it supports the Fleet Marine Forces in the Pacific Ocean, serving as the major west
coast jet fighter facility. A total of 22 potentially contaminated areas have been identified on
the Air Station, including: four landfills containing both hazardous and solid waste; buried
drums of explosives and low-level radioactive waste; and areas where polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), battery acids, leaded fuels, and other hazardous substances were dumped
or spilled. The Orange County Water District has identified volatile organic compound
(VOC) contamination in groundwater over a 3-mile radius off base. There are plumes of
contamination at or near the base boundary. Approximately 1,100 acres of land are irrigated
by wells within 3 miles of the site. However, none of these wells is a drinking water source.
Surface water flows to the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve, about 8 miles from the
base.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
The landfill is contaminated with PCBs, VOCs, acids, fuels, oils, pesticides, heavy
metals, and radioactive waste. VOCs have been detected in groundwater. No
drinking water sources have been contaminated. Crops are being watered from
VOC-contaminated irrigation wells.
45
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater, identification of the source of VOC contamination, and cleanup of abandoned
wastewater treatment lines and tanks.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: An investigation into the extent and type of groundwater
contamination began in 1990. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in
1994 and will identify alternative approaches for the final cleanup of the site.
Source of VOC Contamination: In 1990, the El Toro Marine Corps began a
study to identify the source of VOC contamination at the site. The investigation is
expected to be completed in 1995.
Abandoned Wastewater Treatment Lines and Tanks: In early 1993, the El
Toro Marine Corps is scheduled to start a study of the nature and extent of
contamination caused by abandoned wastewater treatment lines and leaking tanks.
Site Facts: El Toro Marine Corps Air Station is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the Department, of Defense (DOD) in
1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military
and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the El Toro Marine Corps Air Station
site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Heritage Park Regional Library, Reference Section, 14361 Yale Street, Irvine, CA 92714
March 1992 46 EL TORO MARINE CORPS AIR STATION
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FAIRCHILD
SEMICONDUC
CORP. (MOUNTAI
VIEW PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD095989778
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Other Names:
alrchlld Hazardous Waste Storage
Facility
Faircftijd Camera & Instrument Corp.
ountain View Plant)
Site Description
The 56-acre Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (Mountain View Plant) facility manufactures
semiconductors and is located in an area referred to as the Middlefield-Ellis-Whisman
(MEW) Study Area. The MEW Study Area is comprised of facilities currently owned or
operated by 17 companies, including three Superfund sites: Fairchild Semiconductor Corp.,
Intel Corp., and Raytheon. The area supports numerous light industries involved in the
manufacture of semiconductors, metal-finishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft
maintenance, aerospace research and development, missile construction, distribution of
petroleum products, dry cleaning, and other chemical-use and storage operations. Fourteen
potential sources of contamination have been identified in the Fairchild facility, including
underground and aboveground storage tanks for chemical products and wastes, pH
neutralization systems, and industrial wastewater treatment systems. Approximately 270,000
people depend on wells within 3 miles of the site for drinking water. Approximately 116,000
residents live within a 3-mile radius.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 02/11/91
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
freon, isopropyl alcohol, and heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, lead, and
nickel. Soils were found to be contaminated with VOCs. People may face a health
threat if they inhale vapors from contaminated groundwater or come in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater or soil.
47
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the shallow aquifer and deep aquifer.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Initial cleanup actions included tank removals from the site, soil
removal and treatment, sealing of affected wells, and control of groundwater
movement by installing three slurry walls and 21 groundwater extraction wells.
Shallow Aquifer: In 1989, the following remedies were selected to address
contamination in the shallow aquifer: in-place vapor extraction with treatment of
contaminated soil found within the Fairchild and Raytheon slurry walls; limited
soil excavation and treatment by aeration for some areas outside of the slurry walls, with on-
site disposal of residues in the excavated area; and groundwater extraction and treatment
using air stripping. In 1991, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination began
designing the selected remedy. Cleanup activities are scheduled to begin in 1994.
Deep Aquifer: In 1989, the following remedies were selected to address
contamination in the deep aquifer: sealing of any conduit or potential conduits to
protect the deep aquifer and groundwater monitoring. The parties potentially
responsible for site contamination began designing the selected remedy in 1991, and actual
cleanup is slated to begin in 1994.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination. As a result of this Order, the potentially
responsible parties must pay for or perform site cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil and the installation of slurry walls and extraction
wells have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated groundwater and soil at the
Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (Mountain View Plant) site while cleanup technologies are
being designed.
Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
March 1992 48 FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
(MOUNTAIN VIEW PLANT)
-------
FAIRCHILD
SEMICOND
CORP. (SOUTH
SAN JOSE PLAN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD097012298
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
San Jose
Other Names:
Fairchild Camera and Instrument
Corporation
Schlumberger Technology Corporation
The 22-acre Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (South San Jose Plant) site is a former
semiconductor manufacturing facility. Operations were conducted at the site from 1977 until
1983. Manufacturing operations required the use and storage of industrial solvents. In 1981,
Fairchild discovered that an underground organic solvent waste tank had failed, resulting in
soil and on- and off-site groundwater contamination by a mixture of solvents. Contamination
exceeding drinking water standards was discovered in a public supply well located
approximately 1,800 feet downgradient from the site. The well subsequently was plugged and
abandoned. Fairchild has been investigating and cleaning up soil and groundwater pollution at
the facility since contamination was first detected in 1981. This is one of 28 sites in the South
Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals,
primarily chlorinated organic solvents. Although these sites are listed separately, the EPA
intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to
the contamination. The City of San Jose has a population of approximately 629,000. The
Great Oaks Water Company provides potable water to 18,500 connections in southern San
Jose, including the site area. Potable water is obtained from groundwater production wells,
several of which are located in the area adjacent to and downgradient from the site. There
are 25 known private wells in the area surrounding the site. All but three of these wells have
been sealed or properly abandoned. Of these wells, two are used for agricultural irrigation,
and one is used by Fairchild as a monitoring well.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Groundwater and soil have been contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The threat of direct contact with contaminants in soil has
been eliminated. All private wells in the area surrounding the site used for
domestic purposes have been sealed or abandoned. The plume of contaminated
groundwater has been reduced through ongoing treatment, and continues to
reduce the potential health threat posed by ingesting groundwater contaminants.
49
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Fairchild implemented several cleanup actions that have
decreased the extent and magnitude of groundwater contamination in the area. In
1981, a leaking tank was removed. In 1982, 3,440 cubic yards of contaminated
soils were removed. Since 1982, a series of on- and off-site groundwater extraction wells have
been operating to control the migration of groundwater contaminants. In 1983, wells in
several aquifers that provided potential pathways for contaminant migration to the C Aquifer
were sealed. A slurry wall was constructed around the perimeter of the site in 1986 to help
contain on-site contaminants within the A and B aquifers.
Entire Site: In 1989, the following cleanup remedies were selected: treating
contaminated on-site soil using a vapor extraction process; pumping on-site shallow
groundwater and off-site groundwater and treating it using air stripping and carbon
adsorption, followed by on-site reinjection of the treated groundwater; pumping deep
groundwater from off-site wells, followed by air stripping and discharging to surface water
using storm drains, or reuse of the groundwater for road construction and irrigation;
conducting laboratory and field studies of the effectiveness of biodegradation of on-site
chemicals; implementing deed restrictions to limit groundwater and .land use; and groundwater
monitoring. All construction actions have been completed. Treatment of the groundwater
continues. Groundwater treatment has significantly reduced the size of the contaminant
plume and will continue until contaminant levels have been reduced to within safety levels.
Site Facts: In response to a Unilateral Order from the State, Fairchild is taking action to
contain and reduce the contaminated groundwater plume.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, closing private wells, and the operation of the groundwater
extraction system, and the installation of the slurry wall have reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous substances at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (South San Jose
Plant) site while final groundwater treatment activities are being completed.
March 1992 50 FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
(SOUTH SAN JOSE PLANT)
-------
Site Repository
San Jose Public Library, Main Library, 180 West San Carlos Street, San Jose, CA 95113
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
(SOUTH SAN JOSE PLANT)
51
March 1992
-------
FIRESTONE TIRE
RUBBER CO.
(SALINAS PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD990793887
EPA REGION 9
Monterey County
6 miles southeast of Salinas
Site Description
The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (Salinas Plant) site consists of a 43-acre former tire
manufacturing plant on 256 acres of land. The site is an industrial p>ark containing
warehouses. Firestone operated a tire manufacturing plant on the site from 1965 to 1980.
Production chemicals apparently were spilled during the manufacturing process. The major
chemical types and raw materials that were used at the plant include carbon, rubber,
processing oil, zinc oxide, solvents, anti-oxidants, steel wire, and petroleum fuels. Solid and
hazardous wastes from the manufacturing processes were disposed in off-site facilities.
Aqueous industrial wastes and domestic wastewater were treated at two on-site treatment
plants. In 1980, Firestone received a permit to store hazardous wastes. Seventy-nine drums
were stored on site on a concrete pad. Flammable liquids were stored in 52 of these drums,
and 27 drums contained corrosive liquids. In 1981, these drums were removed to a licensed
disposal site. The contamination at the site was first discovered in 1983, during the plant
closing. In 1983, 20 monitoring wells were installed for groundwater investigations, and soil
samples were taken. An estimated 400 drinking water wells have been identified in the area.
Approximately 120 people reside within a 1-mile radius of the site, and 14,000 people live
within a 4-mile radius.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil was contaminated
with VOCs. Direct contact threats that were posed by contaminated soil have been
eliminated. People may face a health threat by drinking, coming in direct contact
with, or inhaling vapors from contaminated groundwater until treatment is
completed. However, no exposure currently is occurring.
52
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Contaminated soil was removed from 1983 to 1984, soil capping
was performed in 1984 and 1985, and on- and off-site shallow aquifers were
treated in 1986 and 1987.
Entire Site: In 1989, the California Department of Health Services and the EPA
announced the approval of a cleanup plan. The plan calls for Firestone to install
five new extraction wells to extract groundwater from the intermediate aquifer and
to continue pumping from the wells located in the shallow aquifer. The extracted
groundwater will continue to be treated by the existing treatment plant before being
discharged into the Salinas River. Monitoring of the aquifers continues. Recent monitoring
has demonstrated that the cleanup action has significantly reduced the size of the
contaminated groundwater plume. Treatment will continue until all site cleanup goals have
been achieved.
Environmental Progress
The removal and capping of the contaminated soil and the extraction and treatment of
contaminated groundwater have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at the
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (Salinas Plant) site while final groundwater treatment activities
are being completed.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER CO. 53 March 1992
(SALINAS PLANT)
-------
FORT ORD
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA7210020676
EPA REGION 9
Monterey County
2 miles north of Monterey
Site Description
The 29,440-acre Fort Ord site was established in 1917 by the U.S. Army as a maneuver area
and field artillery target range. Presently, the base's primary mission is training of military
personnel. Chemicals and hazardous wastes have been disposed of at Fort Ord. Currently,
hazardous wastes are stored at on-site facilities before they are transported and disposed of
off site. There are several areas of contamination on site. One of these areas includes three
inactive landfills that once were used to dispose of residential and commercial waste. The
facility contained leaking hazardous waste tanks, containers of waste oil and various
automotive chemicals, chemical storage areas, an oil-water separator, and fueling stations.
Another area of on-site contamination is the 14th Engineers Motor Pool. Approximately
5,000 underground fuel tanks, drums of waste oil and other wastes, and sand pits in which
waste oil, liquid wastes, and battery acid were disposed of at this area. Fuels were placed into
unlined pits and subsequently percolated through the subsurface soil. The Army conducted a
preliminary assessment of the site in 1983. Additional areas of contamination were identified
by the Army, including: the 519th Maintenance Complex; Open Detonation Area Range 36A;
Main Garrison Sewage Treatment Plant; 1600 Area Motor Pool Complex; 3800 Area Motor
Pool Complex; 3700 Area Motor Pool Complex; Old DEH Yard; AAFES Main Service
Station; Old DRMO Facility; and AAFES Cleaners. The local population at Fort Ord,
including both civilian and military personnel and their dependents, is approximately 30,000.
Approximately 38,600 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The
Salinas River alluvial basin, El Toro Creek, and Monterey Bay border the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
MPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 02/22/90
54
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals, fuel
hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Contaminants have been
detected in groundwater samples collected from Fort Ord and Monterey County
Water District water supply wells. On-site soils in the area of the Maintenance
Facility, Engineers Motor Pool, the Cannibalization Area, which was used for
stripping used equipment, and the Fire Drill Burn Pit areas have been
contaminated with chemicals that spilled onto the ground. As a result, on-site
workers as well as employees of the Fort Ord Army base could be exposed to site-
related contaminants when coming into direct contact with contaminated soils.
Should site-related contaminants migrate off site through the soils or groundwater,
the Salinas River, El Toro Creek, and Monterey Bay could be affected.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the Fritzsche Army Airfield practice fire pit,
and the Fort Ord Landfill.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Army initiated an investigation into the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination and the most effective methods to address
it. Preliminary findings showed an additional area of contamination known as the
Fritzsche Army Airfield practice fire pit. The Army installed a groundwater and soil treatment
system that has been operational since 1988. The contaminated groundwater is treated using
carbon adsorption. A mixture of treated groundwater and necessary nutrients is sprayed on
the contaminated soil adjacent to the groundwater treatment plant to facilitate the treatment
of the soil. Soil treatment is nearing completion.
Entire Site: In 1990, the Army began further investigations into the nature and
extent of soil and groundwater contamination on and off site, as well as any
ecological or health threats that may be present. The first phase of the
investigation, including groundwater and soil sampling, has been completed. The Army
expects to complete the entire investigation in 1997.
Fritzsche Army Airfield Practice Fire Pit: A final investigation into the nature
and extent of contamination in the Fritzsche Army Airfield practice fire pit began
in 1990. It is scheduled to be completed in 1993, after which the final cleanup
remedy for this area will be selected. Groundwater and soil treatment is already underway at
this area.
FORT ORD 55 March 1992
-------
Fort Ord Landfill: Groundwater and soil contamination originating from the
landfill are the focus of a final investigation started in 1990 by the U.S. Army. The
study will result in recommended alternatives for cleaning up the affected areas.
To date, monitoring wells have been installed, surface soil samples have been collected, and
soil gas samples have been taken. The study is expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: Fort Ord is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially
funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD
facilities. In 1990, Fort Ord signed an Interagency Agreement with the EPA and the State of
California to address contamination on and off site. Fort Ord is scheduled for base closure in
1997. The Army is considering proposals for re-use of the land, but intends to retain a
portion of the base for a reserve enclave. Cleanup activities are not affected by base closure
activities.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
groundwater while studies leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place
at the Fort Ord site.
Site Repository
Monterey County Free Libraries, Seaside Branch, 550 Harcourt Street, Seaside, CA 93955
March 1992
56
FORT ORD
-------
FRESNO
SANITARY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980636914
Site Description
The 130-acre Fresno Municipal Sanitary Landfill site was owned and operated by the City of
Fresno from 1935, under a permit issued by the State, until it was closed in 1989. The landfill
was used for the disposal of domestic and municipal trash. While conducting tests in 1983, the
California Department of Health Services (CDHS) found methane gas had migrated from the
landfill to the surrounding areas. These tests also concluded that contaminated groundwater
has migrated off site to several private residential wells located nearby. The City of Fresno
installed monitoring wells around the landfill perimeter in 1984. Subsequent tests indicated
that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were present in groundwater taken from wells at the
edge of the landfill. Monitoring wells upgradient of the site have been found to be
contaminated. Sampling of groundwater from private wells performed in 1989 found that the
contaminants do not pose a significant health risk; however, these wells will continue to be
monitored. Access to the site is restricted by means of a locked gate and a fence that
encloses the site. The landfill is covered with a layer of dirt. Nine municipal wells are located
within 3 miles of the site. Water from these wells feeds into a blended system that serves the
City of Fresno. The general distribution area of the system serves approximately 300,000
people. Two agricultural irrigation wells are located along the western edge of the landfill,
and several more are located within a few thousand feet of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal and municipal actions.
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Air contains high concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide and lower
concentrations of VOCs. Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs from surface
wastes. Since private wells located south of the landfill are contaminated with
VOCs, area residents who depend on these wells as their sole source of drinking
water could be exposed to site-related contaminants. An irrigation canal runs
through a pipe beneath the landfill. Leachate from the landfill may leak into the
pipe and contaminate the irrigation water.
57 March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The City of Fresno installed wells around the perimeter of the
landfill to monitor methane and groundwater in 1984. The City of Fresno also
constructed barriers on two sides of the landfill to prevent methane from
migrating off site to nearby homes. In 1990, the removal of migrating landfill gas containing
VOCs was initiated by the City. The treatment involves placement of an active vacuum on an
existing gas migration barrier to enhance its effectiveness. Monitoring of the area will follow.
The removal was completed in 1991.
Entire Site: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the
Fresno Landfill began in 1990. The study is addressing contamination in the
groundwater, landfill gas, soils, leachate, and surface gas emissions. The City of
Fresno expects the study to be completed in 1993. The investigation will result in
recommendations on alternative cleanup methods.
Environmental Progress
The construction of barriers and the ongoing removal of migrating landfill gas have reduced
the threat of exposure to contaminants from the Fresno Municipal Sanitary Landfill site while
studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Fresno County Central Library, 2420 Mariposa Street, Fresno, CA 93721
March 1992 58 FRESNO MUNICIPAL SANITARY LANDFILL
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GBF, INC., D
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498562
EPA REGION 9
Contra Costa County
Antioch
Site Description
The GBF, Inc., Dump is an 88-acre site at the corner of Somersville Road and James Donlon
Boulevard. The site is bordered by residential developments on the north and east, a former
petroleum tank farm on the east, and the former Lynch sanitary landfill for municipal wastes
on the south. From the early 1960s to 1975, Industrial Tank Corp. leased the eastern 64 acres
of the site and operated 10 unlined surface impoundments covering approximately 11 acres.
The impoundments were interconnected by a series of cascading conduits, allowing liquid
wastes to flow freely. The company accepted sludges, acids, oils, and slurries containing
hazardous substances such as heavy metals, asbestos, formaldehyde, pesticides, and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). In 1974, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board
(CRWQCB) issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order which closed the surface impoundments
and prohibited hazardous waste disposal after 1974. Since then, the site has accepted only
non-hazardous waste. In 1990, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control
(CDTSC) conducted a study that revealed contamination in monitoring wells north of the
site. High lead levels were detected in the sediments of Markley Creek which is located west
of the property and runs north between the cities of Antioch and Pittsburgh, eventually
emptying into a marsh adjacent to the San Joaquin River. The Contra Costa Canal runs west
along the northern border of the site and is the primary source of drinking water for cities in
that area. Intakes within 15 miles downstream provide drinking water to approximately
327,500 people. Residents outside the limits of the municipal canal water system generally
drink bottled water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and local actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
59
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Monitoring wells to the north of the site are contaminated with cyanide, VOCs,
and heavy metals such as cadmium and nickel. Markley Creek sediments are
contaminated with high levels of lead. Individuals who ingest or come in direct
contact with contaminated sediments or groundwater could be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed by a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The CRWQCB is overseeing field work for an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site and to identify
alternatives for cleanup action.
Site Facts: A Cleanup and Abatement Order was issued by the CRWQCB in 1974 which
closed the surface impoundments and prohibited further hazardous waste disposal.
Environmental Progress
Closing the surface impoundments and prohibiting further hazardous waste disposal at the
site have reduced potential threats to public health and safety while the investigation is
underway.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
60
GBF, INC., DUMP
-------
GEORGE AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2570024453
EPA REGION 9
San Bernardino County
Victorville
Site Description
The George Air Force Base occupies 5,347 acres. The base supports tactical fighter
operations and provides training for air crew and maintenance personnel. The base is
scheduled for closure in 1992. All hazardous and solid wastes now are disposed of off site at
licensed facilities. Fifty-four potential areas of contamination have been identified at this site.
The Air Force eliminated 37 of those areas by determining that they were not a threat to
public health and the environment. The Air Force then grouped the remaining areas of
contamination for cleanup into the northeast Disposal Area, Industrial Storm Drain Line and
Outfall, landfills in the northeast and southeast areas of the base, Fire Training and Disposal
Pits, petroleum contamination in soil and groundwater, and miscellaneous liquid disposal
areas. Approximately 15,400 people live within 3 miles of the site, and 11,000 people reside
within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals including lead, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and radioactive wastes. Potential health risks exist
through direct contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater or
soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: initial actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the Northeast Disposal area, the Flightline area, the Petroleum, Oil,
and Lubricant and landfill areas, and the entire site. These cleanup phases address
contamination across the five areas previously identified by the Air Force.
61
March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In late 1991, the Air Force finished installation and began
operating a system for pumping and treating contaminated groundwater in the
Northeast Disposal Area. Early in 1992, the Air Force finished installing and
began operating a source control system to address contamination beneath the liquid fuel
distribution system located in the flight line area.
Northeast Disposal Area: The Air Force is investigating the nature and extent
of the contamination of the groundwater at the Northeast Disposal Area. A
remedy will be selected based on the results of the investigation, scheduled to be
Flightline Area: An investigation is underway to determine the nature and extent
of contamination in the Flightline Area, where the fuel system beneath the ground
is a source of contamination by JP-4. A remedy will be selected based on the
results of the investigation, scheduled to be completed in late 1992.
Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricant Areas and Landfills: An investigation to
determine the extent of the petroleum, oil, and lubricant contamination began in
1990. The investigation, which also focuses on contamination related to base
landfills, will lead to the selection of cleanup remedies and is expected to be completed in
early 1994.
Entire Site: An investigation is underway to determine the nature and extent of
the site-wide contamination began in 1992. A remedy will be selected based on the
results of the investigation, expected to be completed in late 1994.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Department of Defense (DOD) have signed an Interagency
Agreement for site cleanup. This site is participating in the Installation Restoration Program,
a specially funded program established by the DOD in 1978 to identify, investigate, and
control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treating of contaminated groundwater and the installation of the source
control system are reducing the threat to human health and the environment while additional
studies are taking place and remaining cleanup activities are being planned at the George Air
Force Base.
Site Repository
San Bernardino County Public Library, Adelanto Branch, 11744 Bartlett Avenue,
Adelanto, CA 92301
March 1992 62 GEORGE AIR FORCE BASE
-------
HEWLETT-PAC
(620-640 PAGE
MILL ROAD)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980884209
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Palo Alto
Site Description
Hewlett-Packard manufactured optoelectronic equipment on this 10-acre site from 1962 to
1986. In 1981, at least 300 gallons of waste solvents leaked from a buried storage tank. The
company excavated the tank and approximately 100 cubic yards of contaminated soil in 1981
and transported the materials to a hazardous waste facility. Since 1982, the company has
been pumping and treating contaminated groundwater. The nearest residential areas are
located approximately 1/8 mile northeast of the facility. Five municipal backup supply wells
drawing from a deeper aquifer are within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in groundwater under the tank
area and in the soils sampled from the former tank location. Potential health risks
include accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil. Chemicals in the shallow aquifer have migrated off site in a
northerly direction.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
63
March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In addition to the tank and soil excavation activities
conducted in 1981, Hewlett-Packard excavated an additional 810 cubic yards of
soil around the former tank area in 1987. Pumping and treating of contaminated
groundwater has been underway since 1982.
Entire Site: In 1989, under State oversight, Hewlett Packard initiated an
investigation to determine the extent of contamination remaining at the site and to
identify alternative cleanup remedies. The investigation is expected to be
completed in 1992. The EPA is expected to select the cleanup remedy by early 1993.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and disposal of the storage tank and contaminated soil and the continuing
treatment of contaminated groundwater have reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the Hewlett-Packard (620-640 Page Mill Road) site while final cleanup
activities are being planned.
Site Repository
U.S. Geological Survey Library, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025
March 1992
64
HEWLETT-PACKARD
(620-640 PAGE MILL ROAD)
-------
HEXCEL CO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD058783952
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Alameda County
Livermore
Other Names:
Coast Land Manufacturing Company
The 22-acre Hexcel Corp. site produces resins for coatings and adhesives, as well as fabrics
and parts for the aerospace industry. Two documented spills occurred at the site in 1983. In
the first, 600 gallons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methylene chloride,
methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol leaked from subsurface plumbing. In the
second, 1,500 gallons of contaminants were released when a valve on a storage tank was left
open. In 1983, after the first spill, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board
issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order charging Hexcel with improper waste management.
Under the Order, Hexcel was to investigate the extent of contamination, clean up soil and
groundwater, and prevent future spills. Hexcel excavated the tank and drilled a well to
recover as much of the solvent as possible. Approximately 500 gallons of the second spill were
recovered, but the rest migrated to the excavated tank area. Approximately 50,000 people
obtain drinking water, and 2,800 acres of agricultural land are irrigated from wells within 3
miles of the site. The closest body of water to the site is a seasonal creek, the Arroyo Las
Positas, which is located 3,000 feet southwest of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
VOCs were found in shallow groundwater and extraction wells at the site.
Dimethylformamide and VOCs were detected in soil samples. Potential health risks
may exist if individuals inhale, ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil.
65
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, Hexcel Corp. removed the leaking storage tank
and 500 gallons of spilled solvents.
Entire Site: The State began an investigation in 1990 to determine the type and
extent of contamination at the site and to identify alternative cleanup remedies.
The investigation is scheduled to be completed late 1993.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of the tank and installation of extraction wells to recover contaminants by the
Hexcel Corp. have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous waste at the site while
studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
March 1992
66
HEXCEL CORP.
-------
INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSING
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980736284
EPA REGION 9
Fresno County
Pinedale
Site Description
The 1/2-acre Industrial Waste Processing site was a solvent recycling facility from 1967 to
1981. The facility reclaimed glycols from petroleum residues recovered from natural gas field
pipelines and chlorinated solvents generated by the paint and ink industries. The facility also
recovered lead solder and zinc from waste solder flux generated by the metal can
manufacturing industry. The site consisted of an office/laboratory building, an open chemical
storage shed, eight aboveground tanks, solvent distillation stills, approximately 250 drums
containing waste solvents and lead solder flux, approximately 50 cubic yards of lead solder
waste stored in two piles, and about 50 bags and 30 drums of asbestos. The closest residence
is 40 feet from the site perimeter. The population within 3 miles is approximately 68,000. An
estimated 348,000 people depend on the groundwater for drinking water. There are 119 wells
within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated solvents. Lead, asbestos, acetone and other solvents
have been found in the soil. Potential health threats may exist if contaminated
vapors or particles are inhaled. People also may be at risk from accidentally
ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
67
March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the EPA removed all asbestos found in bags,
drums and building insulation, and all lead solder wastes in drums and piles;
secured the site from unauthorized access; developed site safety plans;
implemented dust suppression actions; monitored for fugitive vapors and dusts; and removed
19,000 gallons of hazardous liquids and 290 cubic yards of contaminated soil.
Entire Site: The EPA is planning an investigation to determine the extent and
type of contamination at the site. At the conclusion of the investigation,
recommendations will be made for the final cleanup actions. The study is
scheduled to begin in 1992.
Environmental Progress
Restricting site access, removing asbestos, lead solder waste, hazardous liquids, and
contaminated soil, and performing the dust suppression actions described above, have reduced
the potential of direct contact with contaminants in the soil at the Industrial Waste
Processing site while studies and final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Fresno County Library, Main Library, 2420 Mariposa Street, Fresno, CA 93721
March 1992
68
INDUSTRIAL WASTE PROCESSING
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INTEL CORP.
(MOUNTAIN
VIEW PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD061620217
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Site Description
The Intel Corp. manufactured semiconductors at this 2-acre site from 1968 until 1981. The
site is one of three Superfund sites that are being cleaned up concurrently. The other two
sites are Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (Mountain View Plant) and Raytheon Corp. The
sites are located in the Middlefield-Ellis-Whisman (MEW) Study Area. Various industrial
activities were conducted near the site, including semiconductor manufacturing, metal
finishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft maintenance, and other activities requiring the
use, storage, and handling of a variety of chemicals, particularly solvents. Site investigations at
several of these facilities during 1981 and 1982 revealed significant soil and groundwater
contamination by toxic chemicals, primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Approximately 270,000 people depend on groundwater within 3 miles of the site as a source
of drinking water. Most of the runoff from the area goes to Stevens Creek.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, isopropyl alcohol, and freon. VOCs also
are found in the soil. People who inhale vapors from contaminated groundwater or
come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
69
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Since 1982, Intel has been pumping and treating
groundwater by carbon adsorption. By 1986, Intel removed about 4,600 cubic
yards of contaminated soil. Other immediate actions performed by the company
include removing tanks, sealing contaminated wells, and constructing slurry walls to prevent
contaminant migration.
Entire Site: In 1989, the following remedies were selected: treating contaminated
soil by in-place vapor extraction; limited excavation of soil and treatment by
aeration for some areas outside of the slurry walls, with on-site disposal of
residues in the excavated area; groundwater pumping and treatment using air stripping;
sealing any conduits or potential conduits of contaminant migration to protect the deep
aquifer; and groundwater monitoring. In 1991, the potentially responsible parties began to
develop the technical design for the selected cleanup remedies. Final site cleanup is scheduled
to begin in late 1994. Soil cleanup will take from 1 to 6 years, with groundwater cleanup
lasting much longer, due to the physical and chemical nature of the contaminated aquifers.
Regular monitoring is planned to assess cleanup progress.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order On Consent to Intel, Fairchild
Semiconductor, and Raytheon, requiring the three companies to conduct a joint site
investigation.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment of the groundwater, removal of contaminated soil and tanks, and
the construction of slurry walls have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
materials at the Intel Corp. (Mountain View Plant) site while final cleanup remedies are
being designed.
Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
March 1992
70
INTEL. CORP. (MOUNTAIN VIEW PLANT)
-------
INTEL CORP.
(SANTA CLARA III)
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAT000612184
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Site Description
The Intel Corp. (Santa Clara III) plant performs quality control of chemicals and tests
microprocessors at this 4-acre facility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in the
groundwater in the shallow aquifer. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San
Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated
organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites
are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of
the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. Approximately 300,000
people depend on groundwater within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. There
are 27 wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with VOCs. Based on available information,
this site is not considered to be of public health concern because of the apparent
absence of human exposure to hazardous substances. However, people could face
a health risk if they accidentally ingest or come into direct contact with
contaminated water. The inhaling of contaminated vapors could also pose a health
risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
71
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the company installed and began operating a
system to extract and treat the contaminated groundwater.
Entire Site: The remedy selected by the EPA in 1990 included: continuing
groundwater extraction and treatment with an expanded granular-activated
charcoal system, with discharge of the treated groundwater to San Tomas Aquino
Creek; groundwater monitoring; and a demonstration project that evaluated various
groundwater pumping strategies for cleaning up residual levels of VOCs left behind in aquifer
material. A pulsed pumping strategy was identified and currently is in operation. Additional
wells to extract contaminants have been installed. Deed restrictions on site use were put in
place in 1992. The groundwater treatment system is currently in operation. Cleanup activities
will continue until established cleanup goals are met, in approximately 12 years.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater extraction and treatment system continues to reduce the potential of
exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Intel Corp. (Santa Clara III) site while
strategies for cleaning up residual contamination are being evaluated.
Site Repository
Santa Clara City Library, Central Library, 2635 Homestead Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051
March 1992
72
INTEL CORP. (SANTA CLARA III)
-------
INTEL MAGNETIC
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD092212497
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Other Names:
Micro Storage/Intel Magnetics
Site Description
The Intel Magnetics site is a 1-acre facility that produced and tested magnetic products and
computer memories. Micro Storage occupied the site from 1985 to 1986 and used the facility
for research and development and pilot manufacturing. Micro Storage also occupied a
property adjacent to, and upgradient from, Intel Magnetics that contributes to the
contamination. Monitoring wells on the site are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) believed to have resulted from surface spills and a leak from an
underground storage tank. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco.
Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic
solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed
separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as
part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. Approximately 300,000 people depend
on groundwater within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. Twenty Santa Clara
wells and four Sunnyvale wells are within a 3-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Accidental ingestion of or direct
contact with contaminated groundwater may pose a health risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
73
March 1992
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Response Action Status
the site.
Immediate Actions: The company installed a groundwater extraction and
treatment system to pump and treat contaminated groundwater in 1990. In early
1991, additional wells for the extraction and treatment system were installed at
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties, under State supervision,
completed an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site
in early 1991. A groundwater extraction and carbon adsorption treatment remedy
was chosen in late 1991. Construction of the treatment system began in late 1991 and was
completed in 1992. California's Regional Water Quality Control Board is currently
investigating the potential need for additional monitoring wells. Groundwater treatment will
continue until established cleanup goals for the site are met.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment of contaminated groundwater has reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Intel Magnetics site.
Site Repository
Santa Clara City Library, Central Library, 2635 Homestead Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051
March 1992
74
INTEL MAGNETICS
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INTERSIL, INC./
SIEMENS
COMPONENTS
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD041472341
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Cupertino
Site Description
Intersil, Inc. and Siemens Components have manufactured semiconductors for several years
on two locations covering 15 acres. Siemens currently is an operating facility, while Intersil is
inactive. Investigations conducted in 1982 as part of the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board's (CRWQCB) underground storage tank leak detection program found
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soils on the site and in groundwater on and off the
site. Contamination is believed to have resulted from localized spills and from leaking
underground storage tanks and piping involving the two companies. At the Siemens facility,
four underground tanks were used to store waste solvents, and at the Intersil facility, possible
sources of contamination were the waste neutralization systems and the concrete scrubber pit
sumps. More than 300,000 people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of
the site. The groundwater is used for the municipal water supplies of the cities of Cupertino,
Santa Clara, and Sunnyvale. Five municipal water supply wells are located within a mile of
the site. Three of these wells, operated by the City of Santa Clara, are located in an apparent
downgradient direction. The distance from the site to the closest municipal well (City of
Santa Clara well #15) is 1,300 feet. Calabazas Creek, an intermittent stream, is located
approximately 1,500 feet east of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and air have been contaminated with VOCs. Ongoing cleanup
activities continue to reduce the potential health threats from direct contact with
contaminated soils, drinking contaminated groundwater, inhaling VOCs from the
use of groundwater, and inhaling chemicals released from the soils.
75
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: On-site activities have included: removal of an
underground waste handling and solvent storage system and surrounding soil;
installation and operation of groundwater extraction and treatment systems; and
installation and operation of soil vapor extraction and treatment systems.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to address soil and groundwater
contamination at the site. Approximately 40 cubic yards of soil have been removed
and disposed of in a federally approved facility. Twenty-three soil vapor extraction
wells have been constructed, along with a carbon adsorption treatment facility. Groundwater
is being extracted from these wells, treated by air stripping, and discharged to Calabazas
Creek. Monitoring of groundwater and soil will continue to verify they meet safety levels. The
soil and groundwater treatment systems will continue to operate until late 1996.
Site Facts: In 1986, the CRWQCB issued waste discharge requirements under the
California Water Code that required both companies to determine the extent of
contamination in groundwater and soils. In 1989, the CRWQCB issued site cleanup
requirements and approved the work plan and schedule for on- and off-site investigative
activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Intersil, Inc./Siemens Components site while final cleanup
activities are completed.
Site Repository
Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, 2101 Webster Street,
Suite 500, Oakland, CA 94612
March 1992 76 INTERSIL, INC./ SIEMENS COMPONENTS
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IRON
MOUNTAIN
MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498612
EPA REGION 9
Shasta County
9 miles northwest of Redding
Site Description
From the 1860s through 1963, the 4,400-acre Iron Mountain Mine (IMM) site periodically
was mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite. Though mining operations were
discontinued in 1963, underground mine workings, waste rock dumps, piles of ore mine
tailings, and an open mine pit still remain at the site. Historic mining activity at IMM has
fractured the mountain, exposing minerals in the mountain to surface water, rain water, and
oxygen. When pyrite is exposed to moisture and oxygen, sulfuric acid forms. This sulfuric acid
runs through the mountain and leaches out copper, cadmium, zinc, and other heavy metals.
This acid flows out of the seeps and portals of the mine. Much of the acidic mine drainage
ultimately is channeled into the Spring Creek Reservoir by creeks surrounding IMM. The
Bureau of Reclamation periodically releases the stored acid mine drainage into Keswick
Reservoir. Planned releases are timed to coincide with the presence of diluting releases of
water from Shasta Dam. On occasion, unplanned spills and excessive waste releases have
occurred when Spring Creek Reservoir reached capacity. Without sufficient dilution, this
results in the release of harmful quantities of heavy metals into the Sacramento River.
Approximately 47,600 people use surface water within 3 miles as their source of drinking
water. The low pH level and the heavy metal contamination from the mine have caused the
virtual elimination of aquatic life in Slickrock Creek, Boulder Creek, and a section of Spring
Creek. Since 1940, high levels of contamination in the Sacramento River have caused
numerous fish kills. The continuous release of metals from IMM has contributed to a steady
decline in the fisheries population in the Sacramento River. In 1989, the National Marine
Fisheries Service took emergency action to list the Winter Run Chinook Salmon as
threatened under the Endangered Species Act and to designate the Sacramento River from
Red Bluff Diversion Dam to Keswick Dam as a critical habitat.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
77
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Surface water has been contaminated by the release of sulfuric acid, copper, zinc,
and cadmium from the mine. People face a health risk if they accidentally ingest or
come in direct contact with contaminated water or mine drainage. There is a
potential for accumulation of contaminants in fish. The unplanned release of
contaminants acutely toxic to fisheries has led to the steady decline in fish
populations and has contributed to the listing of the Winter Run Chinook Salmon
as a threatened species.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: emergency actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on water management, cleanup of Boulder Creek, and the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: A limestone neutralization process was installed at the site
to treat acid mine discharge from the Richmond Portal prior to discharge to the
reservoir. This system was operated by the EPA during the winter rainy season of
1988 to 1989. ICI Americas, a potentially responsible party, operated a similar system during
the 1989 to 1990, 1990 to 1991, and 1991 to 1992 rainy seasons.
Water Management: Selected cleanup activities include: capping selected
cracked and caved ground areas; diverting clean surface water in upper Spring
Creek to Flat Creek, diverting clean surface water in South Fork Spring Creek to
Rock Creek, and diverting clean Upper Slickrock Creek water around waste rock and mine
tailings piles; enlarging the Spring Creek debris dam; implementing perimeter control as
needed to minimize direct contact threat; and performing hydrogeologic studies and field-
scale pilot demonstrations to better define acid mine drainage formation. The EPA has
completed the capping of cracked and caved ground areas and the open pit mine on Iron
Mountain and diverted Slickrock Creek around the mine wastes. ICI Americas completed
construction of the Upper Spring Creek diversion in early 1991, and it is now in operation.
Boulder Creek: EPA has studied the nature and extent of contamination in the
Boulder Creek Watershed. A proposed plan to treat the acid mine drainage
discharges from the Richmond and Lawson tunnels was completed in early 1992.
The cleanup plan is expected to be finalized in late 1992.
Entire Site: The EPA is studying the type and extent of contamination at the site.
At the conclusion of the study, planned to be completed in 1992, recommendations
for the final cleanup remedy will be made.
March 1992 78 IRON MOUNTAIN MINE
-------
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA ordered the potentially responsible parties to implement
emergency response corrective measures to remove the metal contamination. In 1990, the
EPA, under an Administrative Order, required the parties to implement the Upper Spring
Creek diversion cleanup action. In 1991, the EPA ordered the potentially responsible parties
to assume responsibility for operation and maintenance of the completed cleanup actions.
Environmental Progress
The installation and operation of the neutralization system, the capping of areas of the mine,
and the diversion of Slickrock Creek have reduced the acid and metal contamination in
surface water at the Iron Mountain Mine site while cleanup activities are continuing and
additional studies are taking place. The diversion of Upper Spring Creek has greatly increased
the ability of the EPA and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to manage the release of
contaminants from the site to avoid harm to fisheries during the additional study phase.
Site Repository
Shasta County Library, 1855 Shasta Street, Redding, CA 96001
IRON MOUNTAIN MINE
79
March 1992
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J. H.
BAXTER & C
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD000625731
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Siskiyou County
Weed
Other Names:
Roseburg Forest Products
Baxter/I nternational Paper/Roseburg
J.H. Baxter & Co. has owned and operated a 35-acre wood-treatment facility at this site since
1962. Prior to 1962, the plant was owned by Long Bell Lumber Company and International
Paper. Roseburg Forest Products operates a 1,000-acre lumber mill adjacent to the site.
Wood treatment operations at Baxter involve the application of chemical compounds to
lumber in order to help the wood resist deterioration caused by insects and fungi. The current
processes use creosote, petroleum, arsenic, copper, chromium, and zinc. Until 1982, Baxter
also used pentachlorophenol (PCP). For approximately 25 years prior to 1962, the
International Paper Company operated the facility and used many of these same chemicals.
Hazardous sludges were disposed of on site in unlined pits or bermed areas. From 1976 to
1983, contaminated process water was sprayed onto an open field at the southern edge of
Baxter's property. Excess wastewater periodically was held in unlined ponds, entering soil and
groundwater. An additional source of contamination has been excess chemicals that have
dripped from treated lumber onto the soil. In addition, periodic overflows, accidents, and
leaks have contributed to the environmental problems at the site. Approximately 3,450 people
live within 3 miles of the site, and 200 people within 3 miles use groundwater as a drinking
water source. Beaughton Creek, which has been contaminated by site chemicals, runs through
the site and formerly was a prime trout habitat.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
INPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and sediments are contaminated with PCP, creosote,
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs), arsenic, and heavy metals including
chromium, and zinc. Soil contains arsenic, chromium, PCP, creosote, PNAs, and
dioxin. People face a health threat if they accidentally ingest, inhale, or come in
direct contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, surface water, sediments, or
dust. In 1990, the EPA sampled off-site soils for arsenic and chromium, but found
no significant contamination. Beaughton Creek, formerly a trout habitat, has been
contaminated with creosote.
80
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the potentially responsible parties installed a fence
around the site to prevent direct contact with the site contaminants.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected a cleanup approach for contaminated
groundwater and soils at the site. The selected groundwater cleanup plan involves
extraction, biotreatment, and chemical precipitation of contaminants. The treated
groundwater will be reinjected or used for irrigation or for industrial processes. Contaminated
soil will be excavated and treated in one of two ways: naturally occurring microorganisms will
be used to treat soils contaminated with organic chemicals, and soils contaminated with
inorganic chemicals will be treated using a cement-like substance to chemically fix the
contaminants. Recent surveys indicate that fish are returning to Beaughton Creek and that
dredging sediments for cleanup purposes would do more harm than good. Engineering designs
for the groundwater cleanup began in 1991 and are expected to be completed in late 1993.
The design of the soil treatment remedy and disposal cells is expected to be completed in late
1992.
Site Facts: In 1983, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB)
issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order and a Cease and Desist Order. In 1984, the
CRWQCB ordered Roseburg to cease discharge of contaminated water. In 1985, the
CRWQCB required Baxter, International Paper, and Roseburg to submit a site investigation
plan. A January 1991 CRWQCB Order required the three parties potentially responsible for
the site contamination to clean up both the surface water and the groundwater at the site. In
addition, both Roseburg and J.H. Baxter are under individual orders to cease discharges from
their facilities; the last order was issued in 1990.
Environmental Progress
A fence installed at the site has reduced the chance of coming into contact with site
contaminants. The EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no other
immediate actions were required at the J. H. Baxter site while cleanup activities are being
designed.
Site Repository
Weed Library, 780 South Davis Street, Weed, CA 96094
J. H. BAXTER & CO. 81 March 1992
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JASCO
CHEMICAL
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD009103318
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
The 2-acre Jasco Chemical Corp. site has been at its present location since 1976, although it
has operated for 35 years. Jasco repackages or formulates chemical products for retail sales.
Bulk solvents used at the site are received by tankers and are stored in eight underground
storage tanks. Prior to 1985, Tank #3 was used to store pentachloirophenol (PCP), which was
an ingredient of a wood preservative formerly produced by Jasco. The product was
discontinued in 1985, and the tank was converted to store paint thinner. Elevated levels of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in soils from a swale area located behind
the building and in the shallow groundwater. Based on available data, it appears that the
VOC-contaminated soil and groundwater contamination resulted from surface water runoff
from the facility to the swale area. Other past waste disposal practices, and possibly, leakage
from an underground storage tank also may have contributed to soil and groundwater
contamination. The City of Mountain View has a total population of approximately 62,000.
The only surface water body within a mile is Permanente Creek. Approximately 330,000
people within 3 miles of the site depend on groundwater for drinking water. In 1987, the City
of Mountain View shut down one well near the site to determine whether site activities would
affect the well. In 1988, the well was placed back into operation, after investigations revealed
that contamination had not migrated into the groundwater for this well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
IT
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, phenols, and diesel fuel. Soil contains
VOCs and diesel fuel. Surface water is contaminated with VOCs and PCP. People
may face a health threat if they inhale contaminated vapors, and drink or come in
direct contact with contaminated water.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Jasco installed groundwater monitoring wells, took soil samples,
and removed some contaminated soil.
Entire Site: In early 1991, the potentially responsible party, under EPA
supervision, completed investigations into the nature and extent of groundwater
contamination at the site. Treatability studies for soil cleanup were completed in
late 1991. Based on the results of these studies, recommendations for final cleanup remedies
are expected in mid-1992.
Site Facts: In 1983, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board requested that
Jasco install a monitoring well to determine if groundwater was contaminated.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at
the Jasco Chemical Company site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities
are being planned.
Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
JASCO CHEMICAL CORP. 83 March 1992
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JET PROPULSI
LABORATORY
(NASA)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA9800013030
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Pasadena
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a 176-acre site in Pasadena, California. The area is
primarily residential with some light commercial operations. The site is bordered by the San
Gabriel Mountains on the north, an equestrian club and the local Fire Station on the south, a
residential neighborhood on the west, and the Arroyo Seco Dry Wash on the east. The Army
developed and operated JPL between 1945 and 1957. In 1958, jurisdiction was transferred to
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The California Institute of
Technology conducts research and development at JPL under a NASA contract in the areas
of: aeronautics, space technology, and space transportation. JPL's primary activities include
the exploration of the earth and solar system by automated spacecraft and the design and
operation of the Global Deep Space Tracking Network. Sources of contamination at the site
include: numerous seepage pits where liquid and solid wastes were reportedly disposed of, a
settling chamber in the JPL storm drain system, contaminated soil excavated from part of
that system, and an area where waste solvents were dumped into three separate holes.
Hazardous substances located at JPL include waste solvents, solid rocket fuel propellants,
cooling tower chemicals, sulfuric acid, Freon, mercury, and chemical laboratory wastes. In
1990, JPL detected significantly elevated levels of contaminants in the groundwater
underneath and down-gradient of the site. Due to volatile organic compound
(VOC)-contamination in the groundwater, four municipal wells were shut down between 1989
and 1990 and two Lincoln Avenue Water Company wells were shut down in 1987. NASA
installed a treatment system; municipal wells began operating again in October of 1990. The
Lincoln Avenue wells are still closed. Approximately 120,840 people live within 4 miles of the
site while an estimated 68,000 people obtain drinking water from municipal wells within 4
miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and local actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
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March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Two Lincoln Avenue Water Company wells are contaminated with VOCs.
Groundwater is contaminated with significantly high levels of VOCs, including
trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages initial actions and one long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, two Lincoln Avenue Water Company wells were shut
down. Between 1989 and 1990, four municipal wells were shut down. In October
of 1990, the City of Pasadena installed a treatment system and returned the four
municipal wells to operating capacity.
Entire Site: The EPA expects to conduct investigation to identify the nature and
extent of contamination and determine cleanup alternatives.
Environmental Progress
The closing of the Lincoln Avenue Water Company wells and the closing and treatment of
the municipal wells have eliminated potential human health and safety risks while further
investigations into final cleanup remedies are being completed.
Site Repository
Not established.
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY (NASA)
85
March 1992
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JIBBOOM JU
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD980737613
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Sacramento County
Sacramento
Other Names:
ilty of Sacramento Dump
Associated Metals
PG&E Power Plant
The Jibboom Junkyard site is approximately 9 acres in size, although roughly 7 acres have
been covered by an interstate highway. The site, formerly owned by the Associated Iron and
Metals Company, began operations in 1951. Operations included metal salvaging of a variety
of materials such as railroad cars, army tanks, batteries, and electric transformers. Some scrap
metal was disposed of on site, and transformer oil was poured onto the ground. Operations
ceased in 1965, the same year the California Department of Transportation purchased the
property. The uncovered section of the site is flat, fenced, and includes the portions used by
the original salvage yard and the electric power generating plant property. An old building
and the underground storage tanks of an old electric power generating plant remain, and the
other ancillary structures and storage tanks have been dismantled and removed. The
remaining structures are included within the fenced area. Approximately 250,000 people live
within 3 miles of the site. The bicycle path adjacent to the site receives regular traffic during
the week as a route to and from work. The city's drinking water is taken from the river at the
northeastern corner of the site. The river also is used for recreation and irrigation. The site is
in the flood plain for the Sacramento River.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 09/10/91
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with lead, copper, and zinc. People faced a health threat if
they inhaled particles, accidentally ingested, or came into direct contact with
contaminated soils prior to cleanup.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1983, the site was fenced and soil samples were collected. From
1985 to 1987, over 11,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were excavated and
removed to an approved hazardous waste disposal facility. The site was deleted
from the NPL in September of 1991.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and fencing has eliminated the potential of exposure to
hazardous materials at the Jibboom Junkyard site. All cleanup measures have been proven
effective and the site was deleted from the NPL in September of 1991.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
JIBBOOM JUNKYARD
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KOPPERS CO
INC. (OROVILL
PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD009112087
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Butte County
Oroville
Since 1948, the 200-acre Koppers Company, Inc. (Oroville Plant) site was used to conduct
wood treating operations designed to prevent wood deterioration by insects or fungi. Koppers
purchased the plant from the National Wood Treating Company in 1955. Chemical handling
procedures and wood treatment and storage operations have contaminated the soil and
groundwater on and off site. Fires at the Koppers facility occurred in 1963 and 1987, causing
increased contamination at the site. Groundwater, surface water, and soils on and off site
have been contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other hazardous substances used
in Koppers' wood treating activities. The contaminated groundwater is located beneath this
site and the Louisiana-Pacific site (also on the NPL) and in the area south of the Koppers
site. In 1973, PCP was discovered in nearby residential wells that are used as a source of
drinking water. In 1988, Koppers Company, Inc. was bought by the parent company of Beazer
East, Inc. Beazer later sold the wood treating plants to Koppers Industries, Inc. (KII). KII is
the current owner and operator. However, Beazer is the recognized potentially responsible
party. Approximately 10,650 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. These people also
depend on groundwater as their source of drinking water. The site is within 1 mile of the
nearest water supply well, and there are other water supply wells within 3 miles of the site.
Contamination of groundwater from site-related chemicals extends 2 miles to the south.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
IT
Groundwater, surface water, and soil contain PCP, dioxins, furans, creosote,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals including copper,
chromium, and arsenic. Potential health risks include drinking contaminated
surface water or groundwater, direct contact, or accidentally ingesting
contaminated soils. However, residents in this contaminated area currently receive
an alternate drinking water supply.
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: Beazer has been providing an alternative water supply to
residents south of the site since 1986. The EPA directed the construction of a
temporary asphalt cap over the contaminated soil between 1987 and 1988 to
stabilize the site and to prevent contact with contaminants after a fire spread hazardous
substances.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination completed
a study of the site in 1989. The EPA used the results of this study to select the
following methods to address site contamination: removing and treating
contaminated groundwater with a carbon adsorption process; treating the contaminated soil in
place; capping the wood treating area; providing a permanent water supply to those residents
with contaminated wells; and discharging treated groundwater to the aquifer. Two
groundwater extraction, treatment, and discharge systems will be built, one on site, and one
off site. Both will use a carbon absorption process, with discharge to recharge injection wells.
Approximately 350,000 cubic yards of soil will be cleaned up. at the site. In 1990, the
potentially responsible parties began designing the cleanup actions. Final cleanup activities are
scheduled to begin in 1992. Once the treatment systems are designed and operated, Beazer,
under EPA oversight, will consider expanding the systems.
Site Facts: In 1982, the State issued two order to Koppers to clean up contaminated soil
and groundwater at the site. In 1986, the EPA and Koppers signed a Consent Order, which
required the company to conduct a study into the nature and extent of contamination at the
site. In December 1990, Beazer signed a Consent Decree to perform the engineering design
and cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the Koppers Company site while final cleanup activities are
being designed.
Site Repository
Butte County Health Department Library, 18B County Center Drive, Oroville, CA 95965
KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. (OROVILLE PLANT) 89 March 1992
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LAWRENCE
LIVERMORE
NATIONAL
LABORATORY
(USDOE)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2890012584
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Alameda County
Livermore
The 1-square-mile Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) site is an active multi-
program research laboratory operated by the University of California for the U.S.
Department of Energy. A number of operations at LLNL handle, generate, or manage
hazardous materials that include radioactive wastes. Hazardous waste treatment activities are
carried out on site. The site first was used as a Naval Air Station in the 1940s. In 1951, it was
transferred to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and was established as a nuclear weapons
and magnetic fusion energy research facility. In 1984, the California Department of Health
Services (CDHS) issued an Order for Compliance to LLNL to provide alternative water
supplies to residents west of the facility, whose wells had been contaminated by hazardous
substances from LLNL. Another NPL site, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
(Site 300), is located 15 miles east of LLNL. There are approximately 50,000 people living
within a 2-mile radius of the site. Private potable wells exist near the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Both on- and off-site groundwater are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and chromium. Fuel hydrocarbons including benzene and
ethylene dibromide, the heavy metal lead, and tritium appear only in wells on site.
Soil excavated from the site was contaminated with solvents, radioactive wastes,
heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and fuel hydrocarbons. Soils
remaining on site contain VOCs, tritium, PCBs, fuel hydrocarbons, and inorganic
substances. People may face a health threat if they ingest or come in direct contact
with contaminated water or soil.
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Initial actions included the excavation and removal of 4,000 cubic
yards of contaminated soil from several waste disposal pits to certified off-site
disposal sites and closure of an inactive landfill, with subsequent removal of
approximately 14,000 cubic yards of contaminated, soil.
Entire Site: In 1989, one of two proposed on-site pilot treatment facilities began
treating groundwater contaminated with VOCs using an ultraviolet light/hydrogen
peroxide treatment technology. Additionally, LLNL began a pilot treatment study
on a major gasoline spill area on site. The study has shown positive results using a cleanup
process for groundwater known as vacuum-induced venting. The second facility began
operation in 1990. Contaminated groundwater from seven locations on and off site will be
pumped to these facilities as well. An investigation into the extent and type of site-wide
contamination currently is underway. The investigation is scheduled for completion in 1992
and will include recommendations for cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1984, the CDHS issued an Order for Compliance to LLNL to provide
alternative water supplies and to investigate groundwater quality at LLNL. In 1987, the
California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) issued an order directing
LLNL to investigate and clean up the on- and off-site contamination. In 1988, LLNL signed
an Interagency Agreement with the EPA, the CDHS, and the CRWQCB to address
contamination on and off site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, provision of alternate drinking water supplies, and use of
groundwater treatment systems have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
materials at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USDOE) site while studies
continue and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Livermore Public Library, 1000 South Livermore Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE 91 March 1992
NATIONAL LABORATORY (USDOE)
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LAWRENCE
LIVERMORE
NATIONAL
LABORATORY
(SITE 300) (USDOE)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2890090002
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
San Joaquin County
15 miles east of Livermore
The 11-acre Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Site 300) was developed in the 1950s
as a research facility. It is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE) primarily as a high-explosives and materials testing site in support of
nuclear weapons research. Approximately 350 people who work in the area are provided with
potable water from groundwater in the area. Most of these are lab employees and State
employees who work in a nearby State vehicular recreation area. Adjacent ranch houses and
a State fire station also draw drinking water from the aquifer.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil have been contaminated with solvents and other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater also contains tritium. The primary
potential health threat is drinking contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
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March 1992
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Response Action Status
contaminant migration.
Initial Actions: In spring 1991, DOE installed a groundwater extraction and
treatment system to curtail the migration of the VOC contamination plume. DOE
also began capping two landfills to prevent rainwater runoff from causing
Entire Site: Site investigations currently are being conducted under the facility's
Environmental Restoration Program. To date, six areas are under investigation:
the General Services Area, the Building 834 Complex, Landfill/Pit 6 Area, the
High Explosive Process Area, the East and West Firing Areas, and the B833 Complex. These
investigations began in 1990 and are expected to be completed between 1995 and 1996.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treating of contaminated groundwater will reduce the exposure to
contamination at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Site 300) while studies are
taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Livermore Public Library, 1000 South Livermore Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE
NATIONAL LABORATORY (SITE 300) (USDOE)
93
March 1992
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LIQUID GOLD
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT000646208
EPA REGION 9
Contra Costa County
Richmond
Site Description
The Liquid Gold Oil Corp. site consists of approximately 18 acres of a 29-acre property
owned by Southern Pacific Transportation (SPT). Originally, a major portion of the property
was marshland, which was reclaimed in the 1940s and 1950s. SPT leased approximately 3
acres of the site to an asphalt manufacturing plant and later to a waste oil storage and
transfer facility that operated under the name of Liquid Gold Oil Corporation. In 1982,
Liquid Gold Oil ceased operations and left several deteriorating buildings and 27 storage
tanks of various sizes on the site. Currently, the site is inactive, with the exception of a pistol
firing range. Improper handling and disposal practices have resulted in soil contamination.
The population within a mile is approximately 7,000, and an estimated 92,000 people live
within 4 miles of the site. There are public wells within 1/2 mile of the site, and nine private
wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
MPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soils are contaminated with lead. People may be exposed to a health risk through
accidental ingestion of or direct contact with soils. Adjacent wetlands also may
have been adversely affected by the site.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In response to inspections and regulatory actions, some surface
soil was removed in 1974, liquid waste and soil from a drainage area and holding
pond were removed in 1980, leaking storage tanks were removed in 1982 and
1983, and drums were removed in 1984. During November and December of 1989, a wooden
building containing lead was demolished and disposed of, roofing materials containing
asbestos were disposed of, non-hazardous wastes such as wooden pallets and stacked timber
were removed, and approximately 655 cubic yards of soil from various on-site areas also were
excavated and removed.
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination in the
soils and marsh currently is being conducted by the potentially responsible party,
under State monitoring. This study and the selection of final cleanup actions for
the entire site are expected to be completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the contaminated soil, liquid waste, and leaking storage tanks and the
demolition and removal of the building have reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Liquid Gold Oil Corp. site while studies are taking place and
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Richmond Public Library, 325 Civic Center Plaza, Richmond, CA 94804
LIQUID GOLD OIL CORP. 95 March 1992
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LORENTZ BAR
DRUM CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD029295706
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
San Jose
Site Description
The Lorentz family began a drum recycling operation at the 5 1/2-acre Lorentz Barrel &
Drum Co. (LB&D) site in 1947. Drums containing residual aqueous wastes, organic solvents,
acids, oxidizers, caustic residues, and oils were received for recycling. During the early years
of operation, portions of the site also were leased to other companies. Between 1950 and
1978, a drainage ditch north of the drum processing building carried process wastes to a large
sump and other ponding areas on site. Prior to 1968, wastes from the sump were discharged
to a storm drain system. Sometime between 1968 and 1971, the discharge was diverted to a
sanitary sewer; investigations indicate that this discharge occurred until 1984. After this time,
liquid wastes were evaporated, drummed, and disposed of as hazardous waste along with
incinerator ash, residual liquids, and sludge. Subsequent surface runoff was collected and
recycled in a drum wash. Since 1981, several investigations have revealed soil and
groundwater contamination of heavy metals, organics, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The facility was closed in 1987. Drums, stored hazardous materials, and highly contaminated
soil have been removed from the site. Since 1988, the site has been partly covered to prevent
surface water infiltration, contaminated surface water runoff, and airborne dispersion of
contaminated material. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco.
Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic
solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed
separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as
part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. The closest residence is about 1/5 mile
from the site. Approximately 250,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The site
lies directly above a major source of potable groundwater in the San Francisco Bay area, and
three public water supply well fields are within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
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March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Soil contains PCBs, heavy metals including cadmium and lead,
and pesticides. People may face health risks through direct contact with or
accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater, soils, or leachate.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the California Department of Health Services and
the EPA removed 25,000 drums and 3,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil. Also,
the site was fenced, and most of the site area was paved.
Entire Site: An investigation currently is underway to determine the extent and
type of contamination at the site. At the conclusion of the investigation, scheduled
for late 1993, recommendations will be made for final cleanup actions at the site.
Groundwater: Cleanup remedies were selected in 1988 that included constructing
an on-site groundwater extraction and treatment system using an ozone/ultraviolet
process for organic removal and ion exchange for nickel removal, with discharge of
treated water to a local creek. In 1989, a small-scale pilot study was conducted to test treated
water for its toxicity to freshwater organisms to determine the necessary cleanup levels for
nickel. In early 1991, the potentially responsible parties completed optimization studies.
Construction of the system was completed in 1992. Full scale operation and maintenance is
scheduled to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: The California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and
Abatement Order in 1983. A group of 11 potentially responsible parties signed a Consent
Decree in 1990 to design, construct, and operate a shallow groundwater extraction and
treatment system using an ultraviolet/oxidation technology.
Environmental Progress
Removing drums and contaminated soil, fencing and paving the site have reduced the
potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co. site while
further studies continue and cleanup activities are underway.
LORENTZ BARREL & DRUM CO.
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March 1992
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Site Repository
San Jose Public Library, Main Branch, 180 West San Carlos Street, San Jose, CA 95113
March 1992
98
LORENTZ BARREL & DRUM CO.
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LOUISIANA-PA
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD065021594
EPA REGION 9
Butte County
South of Oroville
Other Names:
Georgia Pacific
Site Description
The Louisiana-Pacific Corp. site consists of two pieces of property that are 1/2 mile apart: a
wood processing plant of 100 acres and a 115-acre landfill. Georgia-Pacific Corporation built
the plant in 1969 and operated it until 1973, when the Louisiana-Pacific Corp. assumed plant
ownership and operation. In 1978, the California Solid Waste Management Board approved a
permit for Louisiana-Pacific Corp. to operate the landfill. The plant is made up of the
following components: a log deck and log deck pond, a sawmill, a kiln dryer, the planing mill,
a hardboard plant, wood particle storage areas, a boiler, wells, and landfills. Prior to 1980,
wastewater from the hardboard plant's glue kitchen was discharged to an unlined pond at the
site. Wastewater is now recycled. Until 1988, a fungicide spray was applied to cut timber
several months of each year. In 1973, high levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were
discovered in nearby residential wells. By 1983, the groundwater contaminant plume extended
1 1/2 miles south of the neighboring Koppers Company, Inc. (Oroville Plant) wood treating
plant, another NPL site. Approximately 10,650 people live within 3 miles of the site and use
groundwater as a source of drinking water. Site-related chemicals have contaminated the
shallow aquifer beneath the plant, and possibly, the deeper regional aquifer beneath the
landfill. The Feather River is located approximately 1/2 mile east of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Dust samples showed contamination with PCP, formaldehyde, and other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater is contaminated with PCP, arsenic, and
possibly formaldehyde. Contaminants found in sediments are PCP, dioxins, furans,
heavy metals, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Surface water
contains PCP, ether, and heavy metals including arsenic, boron, and copper. The
only current health risk is inhalation of air emissions from the hardboard plant.
Potential future exposures that pose a health threat are ingestion or inhalation of
vapors from contaminated groundwater at the plant and landfill or accidental
ingestion of surface soil at the plant.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater and soil.
Response Action Status
Groundwater and Soil: In late 1990, the EPA chose an interim cleanup
strategy. The interim soil remedy includes site access restrictions, such as a
perimeter fence, deed restrictions on future residential use of the site, and
additional soil sampling. The groundwater remedy includes well permit restrictions, monitoring
of on-site wells to obtain additional information about formaldehyde and arsenic levels in the
groundwater at the site, and construction and monitoring of additional off-site wells if
formaldehyde is detected during the monitoring of on-site wells. Engineering designs for the
interim remedy began in late 1991. Cleanup activities are scheduled to begin in late 1992.
Site Facts: In mid-1991, the EPA entered into a Consent Decree with Louisiana-Pacific
Corp. requiring the company to begin interim cleanup actions at the Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
site.
Environmental Progress
The interim actions will reduct the threat of exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater
while additional information is obtained to determine the need for any further cleanup
actions at the Louisiana-Pacific Corp. site.
Site Repository
Butte County Health Department Library, 18B County Center Drive, Oroville, CA 95965
March 1992 100 LOUISIANA-PACIFIC CORP.
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MARCH AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024527
EPA REGION 9
Riverside County
Located near Riverside
Site Description
The 7,000-acre March Air Force Base has been used for aircraft maintenance and repair,
refueling operations, and training activities and has been in operation since 1918. The Air
Force conducted a preliminary investigation of 39 potentially contaminated areas on base
which included three fire training areas, seven inactive landfills, underground solvent storage
tanks, an engine test cell, and spills. Significant contamination was found at seven of the 39
areas. Three regions of groundwater contamination beneath the base were identified and a
well on the base was shut down in 1984. Groundwater contamination has migrated to wells
located off base. These wells are no longer in use. Approximately 11,600 people obtain
drinking water from municipal wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soils
contain VOCs and heavy metals. Potential health threats may exist for individuals
who accidentally ingest contaminated soils and groundwater. However, the off-site
wells with contamination at levels that exceed state drinking water standards were
shut down, and the private well owners have been provided with bottled drinking
water since the contamination was discovered. The wells on the base were closed
in 1988, and drinking water is being purchased from the Eastern Municipal Water
District.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, Area 5 and Site 4, and the Panero Area.
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March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the Air Force closed all contaminated wells on
and off site. Affected residents off site were provided with bottled water. People
on site are provided water through the municipal water system from the Eastern
District. In 1989, activities supporting design of a system to remove VOCs from groundwater
began. Contaminated groundwater interception and treatment system was put into operation
in 1992; pumping and disposal of free product beneath a fueling system is scheduled for 1993;
removal of abandoned underground storage tanks, and contaminated soil removal was
completed in 1992.
Entire Site: In 1990, the Air Force began an investigation to determine the
nature and extent of contamination base-wide. This investigation is scheduled for
completion in 1996.
Area 5 and Site 4: In 1990, the Air Force began an investigation into the
contamination at Area 5 and Site 4 on the base. This investigation is expected to
be completed in 1995.
Panero Area: The Air Force began a study of contamination associated with jet
fuel in vadose and groundwater at the Panero fueling area of the base in late
1991. This study is scheduled for completion in 1995.
Site Facts: March Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate water supply to affected residents and on-site personnel has eliminated
the potential of exposure to contaminated drinking water, and the removal of underground
storage tanks and soil and treatment of contaminated groundwater continues to protect
residents near the March Air Force Base site while investigations leading to the selection of
final cleanup remedies are underway.
Site Repository
Riverside City and County Public Library, Moreno Valley Branch Library,
25480 Alessandro Boulevard, Moreno Valley, CA 92388
March 1992 102 MARCH AIR FORCE BASE
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MATHER AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CA8570024143
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Sacramento County
12 miles east of Sacramento
Other Names:
AC & W Disposal Site
The Mather Air Force Base (MAFB) site originally was built in 1918 and operated as a
school to train pilots. The Government closed the facility in 1922, reopened it in the early
1930s, and allowed it to remain an active facility. Its current mission is to train navigators and
support the Strategic Air Command, which includes maintaining aircraft and other related
equipment. Disposal or spillage of hazardous materials at MAFB has contaminated 34 areas.
The majority of the contamination appears to be concentrated in three of these areas: the
7100 Disposal Area, the Aircraft Control and Warning (ACW) Disposal Area, and the West
Ditch. The 7100 Disposal Area is located along the southwestern boundary of the base. This
area originally was a borrow pit that was excavated in 1953. From 1953 to 1966, this area
received petroleum, oil, and lubricant wastes that probably contained trichloroethylene (TCE)
from industrial shops on the base. Other wastes disposed of at this location included sludge
from plating shop dip tanks, oil and solvent adsorbents, paint chips, waste paints and thinners,
and transformer fluid contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The ACW
Disposal Area is located on the east-central part of the base between family housing and the
aircraft alert apron (a paved area where aircraft are kept on stand-by status). From 1960 to
1966, waste solvents and oils, possibly including PCBs and TCE, were poured down an
underground pipe. The West Ditch is located along the road of the base's western perimeter.
This unlined drainage ditch receives storm drainage from much of the base. In 1967, an oil
skimmer that received waste oils and solvents (probably TCE) was installed adjacent to the
ditch. The skimmer overflowed and spilled into the ditch. Also, many of the floor drains from
shops around the base are connected to the storm sewer that enters the West Ditch. Waste
oils and solvents from the shops may have entered the West Ditch through the floor drains
and sewer system. The shallow groundwater in these three areas of the base is contaminated,
and domestic off-base wells contain elevated levels of TCE. A drinking water well at the
ACW Disposal Area site became contaminated with TCE and was shut down in 1979. Also,
sediments from the 7100 and ACW Disposal Areas are contaminated with TCE. Sediments in
the West Ditch are contaminated with TCE and benzene. Housing on the base is located
southwest of the ACW Disposal Area. Private residences are located approximately 1/3 mile
west of the West Ditch area. Approximately 10,000 people live within a 1-mile radius of the
site; approximately 60,000 people within a 3-mile radius of the site depend on groundwater
for their main drinking supplies.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and sediments contain various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including TCE and benzene. People could be exposed to hazardous
chemicals from the site by accidentally ingesting, inhaling, or coming in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater or soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of base-wide groundwater and soils, the ACW Disposal Area, and
the landfills.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, MAFB provided a permanent alternate drinking
water supply to all homes and businesses along Happy Lane. Additional water
connections were installed in homes along Old Placerville Road. Also, MAFB
excavated 27 underground storage tanks that were leaking and tested the soils beneath them.
Base-Wide Groundwater and Soils: In 1989, MAFB began a study of the
nature and extent of groundwater and soil contamination. The study includes deep
boreholes, deep and shallow wells, soil organic vapor (SOV) surveys, several soil
borings, and comprehensive soil and groundwater sampling. A comprehensive water level
measurement and groundwater sampling program began in 1989 and will continue for at least
two years. This work will lead directly to an evaluation of the alternative methods for treating
the groundwater and addressing soil contamination. Studies are scheduled for completion in
1993, at which point final cleanup strategies will be selected. Cleanup will be undertaken in
several stages, which will be described in subsequent editions.
ACW Disposal Area: MAFB initiated an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the ACW Disposal Area in 1989. This investigation,
expected to be completed in 1992, will lead to the selection of remedies for the
Landfills: The degree of contamination and the nature of the contaminants
associated with the landfills are the focus of an investigation initiated by MAFB in
1989. Once this investigation is completed, scheduled for late 1993, cleanup
remedies will be selected.
March 1992 104 MATHER AIR FORCE BASE
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Site Facts: Mather Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program
(IRP), a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978
to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate water supply to affected residents has eliminated the potential of
exposure to contaminated drinking water and continues to protect residents near the Mather
Air Force Base site while studies are being conducted and cleanup actions are being planned.
Site Repository
Sacramento Central Library, 828 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814
MATHER AIR FORCE BASE
105
March 1992
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MCCLELLAN
FORCE BASE
(GROUNDWAT
CONTAMINATIO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024337
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Sacramento County
miles northeast of Sacramento
The 2,952-acre McClellan Air Force Base (MAFB) site was established in 1936 and operates
today as an Air Force Logistics Command Base with a primary mission of management,
maintenance, and repair of aircraft, electronics, and communication equipment. The
operation and maintenance of aircraft have involved the use, storage, and disposal of
hazardous materials including industrial solvents, caustic cleansers, low-level radioactive
wastes, and a variety of fuel oils and lubricants. Approximately 170 waste areas and potential
release locations have been identified and divided into 12 subsites. Approximately 22,800
people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The closed municipal well served 23,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sludge, and soil have been contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). People may face a health risk if they accidently ingest or
come in direct contact with contaminants. People also may be at risk if they eat
foods containing accumulated contaminants or if they inhale contaminated dust.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in six stages: immediate actions and five long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, Area B, Area A, Area C, and Area D. Areas
B and C have been identified as high priority areas and will be placed on an expedited track
for cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the Air Force began to undertake several
immediate actions to reduce threats while cleanup studies were underway.
Contaminated soil has been removed and disposed of from Area D (located in
the northwestern area of the base) and an 11-acre cap was constructed. A groundwater
extraction system to control the plume at Area D also was constructed, and a plant was
constructed to treat extracted groundwater. An alternative water supply was provided to 548
residences with hookups to City and County water supplies. A carbon filtration system was
installed for base well 18. A groundwater extraction system was installed in Area C. Building
666 was demolished and removed, and 59 underground storage tanks were removed.
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination at the
entire site began in 1989. At the conclusion of the investigation, recommendations
for final cleanup actions will be presented.
Area B: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination began in 1989.
At the conclusion of the investigation, planned for 1994, recommendations for
final cleanup actions will be presented. Priority areas have been identified for
expedited cleanup and include soil contamination at a plating shop and storage area.
Area A: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination at Area A
began in 1989. At the conclusion of the investigation, expected in 1997,
recommendations for final cleanup activities will be presented.
Area C: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination at this area
began in 1990. At the conclusion of this study, recommendations for final cleanup
activities will be presented. A burn pit has been identified as a priority for
Area D: An investigation into the extent and type of groundwater contamination
is underway. At the conclusion of the investigation, recommendations for
alternatives for final cleanup will be presented. The Air Force plans to conduct soil
gas treatability studies as part of this study.
MCCLELLAN AIR FORCE BASE 107 March 1992
(GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION)
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Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA, the California Department of Health Services, and the Air
Force signed an Interagency Agreement. McClellan Air Force Base is participating in the
Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department
of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous
contaminants at military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The removal and disposal of contaminated soil and underground tanks, the capping of the
northwestern area of the base, and the installation and operation of a groundwater extraction
system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the McClellan Air Force
Base (Groundwater Contamination) site. Providing an alternate water supply has eliminated
the potential for exposure to contaminated drinking water and continues to protect area
residents while studies are taking place and final site cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Sacramento Public Library, Central Library, 536 Downtown Plaza, Sacramento, CA 95814
March 1992
108
MCCLELLAN AIR FORCE BASE
(GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION)
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MCCOLL
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498695
EPA REGION 9
Orange County
Fullerton
Other Names:
Ramparts & Los Coyotes Tracts
Site Description
The McColl site is an inactive refinery waste disposal facility covering approximately 22 acres.
The site consists of two distinct areas: the Ramparts Area, which is in the eastern portion of
the site and is surrounded by developed property and residences, and the Los Coyotes Area,
which is in the western portion and once had a portion of the Los Coyotes Country Club
Golf Course overlying it. The Ramparts and Los Coyotes Areas each contain six waste sumps
with depths up to 55 feet. Approximately 97,100 cubic yards of contaminated material (72,600
cubic yards of solid waste and 24,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil) is contained in the
waste sumps. The waste is primarily an acidic sludge waste generated during the refining of
high octane aviation fuel during the 1940s. Drilling muds were placed over a few of the
Ramparts sumps in the early 1950s. The Los Coyotes area was covered with soil in 1960 to
construct the Los Coyotes Golf Course. In 1968, homes were built in the area. Subsequently,
complaints from residents near the site about odors and health problems initiated
investigations by local, State, and Federal agencies. The Ramparts area was covered in 1983
by a temporary liner. Tar like waste continues to seep to the surface of the dirt cap. Access
to the site is restricted by a fence and a security guard. There are more than 6,700 people
living within 3 miles of the site. The distance from the site to the nearest residence is less
than 100 feet.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
7
Air, groundwater, and soil on site contain thiophene compounds, which can cause
severe odors; sulfur dioxide, which can cause respiratory inflammation when
inhaled; and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene. The
waste contaminating the air, groundwater and soil is a very acidic. People may face
health risks from direct contact with the waste because of its acidic nature.
Inhalation of emissions of sulfur dioxide and VOCs from the waste also can pose
health threats. Low levels of inorganic chemicals, volatile, and semi-volatile
compounds have been detected in the regional aquifer. Some of these compounds
have also been detected in the soil.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
Site cleanup is being addressed in three phases: initial actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, soil and waste, and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Access to the site has been restricted by a fence and a 24 hour
security guard. A temporary cap has been placed over portions of the site. Waste
that seeps to the surface of the sumps that is exposed is periodically removed.
Entire Site: In 1984, a cleanup remedy was selected including excavation and
disposal of the wastes at an approved disposal facility. Groundwater monitoring
wells were installed on site and were sampled to determine whether groundwater
had been contaminated by the soil. A court injunction in 1985 stopped the transfer of the
contaminated soil. In response, the EPA has conducted various treatability studies.
Soil and Waste: In 1984, a cleanup remedy was selected which included
excavation and disposal of wastes at an approved disposal facility. As a result of a
State court injunction in 1985 stopping the transfer of the contaminated soil, the
EPA revised the original study. The EPA issued a proposed plan in 1989 identifying
excavation and thermal destruction as the preferred cleanup alternative. The EPA then
conducted various treatability studies including rotary kiln incineration, low temperature
thermal extraction, solvent extraction, and a trial excavation of the waste itself. Because of
information gained from these studies, the EPA again has chosen to revise its plan for
cleanup. The "EPA plans to select a final cleanup remedy for the soil and waste in 1993.
Groundwater: In the early 1980's, a limited number of monitoring wells were
installed on site. The early wells produced no conclusive results. In 1986, the EPA
conducted a groundwater investigation. Samples taken during the study indicated
that thiophenes may have leached into the groundwater. A more comprehensive groundwater
investigation began in 1990 to determine the nature and extent of the contamination and to
identify cleanup alternatives. This investigation is scheduled for completion in 1995.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sludge to an off-site landfill and the construction of a fence have reduced the
potential of exposure to contaminated sludge at the McColl site while further studies leading
to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Fullerton Public Library, 353 West Commonwealth Avenue, Fullerton, CA 92632
March 1992 110 MCCOLL
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MCCORMICK &
BAXTER CREOSOTI
CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009106527
EPA REGION 9
San Joaquln County
Stockton
Site Description
McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Co. formerly operated a wood-preserving facility on this
29-acre site in a light industrial area near the Port of Stockton. Old Mormon Slough, a
tributary to the San Joaquin River, borders the site on the north. Excluding an 8-acre portion
of the site owned and leased by Southern Pacific Railroad Company since the 1950s,
McCormick & Baxter owns the entire property. From 1942 to 1990, McCormick & Baxter
treated utility poles and railroad ties with creosote, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and arsenic
compounds. Waste oils generated from the wood-treatment processes were disposed of on
site in unlined ponds and concrete tanks. In 1977, the California Department of Fish and
Game reported a release of PCP-contaminated surface water runoff from the site that
resulted in a fish kill in Mormon Slough and the Port of Stockton. In 1978, McCormick &
Baxter installed two storm water collection ponds to collect surface water runoff from the
site, as well as a perimeter dike around the site. Between 1983 and 1984, McCormick &
Baxter found that soils throughout the site were contaminated with heavy metals, PCPs, and
various constituents of creosote. Soil contamination extends to depths of 40 feet below
ground surface in some areas. Site investigations indicate that the shallow aquifer is
interconnected with the deep aquifer. The deep aquifer is within 4 miles of the site and
provides drinking water to approximately 97,000 people. In 1989, the California Department
of Toxic Substances Control (CDTSC) detected arsenic and PCP air particles on site.
Approximately 105,000 people live and work within 4 miles and people regularly fish in the
Old Mormon Slough and the San Joaquin River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, local, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
111
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Soils and groundwater are contaminated with arsenic, chromium, copper, PCP, and
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are constituents of creosote.
Individuals who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated soil
or groundwater could be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Two storm water collection ponds and a perimeter dike
were installed on-site in response to a 1978 Cleanup and Abatement Order.
McCormick & Baxter also installed two on-site groundwater extraction wells that
discharge water to the Stockton wastewater treatment plant.
Entire Site: The EPA is scheduled to begin an investigation into the nature and
extent of the site contamination in 1992. This investigation will lead to the
selection of remedies for final cleanup of the site.
Site Facts: The California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and
Abatement Order to McCormick & Baxter in January 1978. In October 1984, McCormick &
Baxter received a permit for a concrete oily-water treatment tank and a drum storage area
under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). With approval
from the CDTSC, the company completed a RCRA clean closure of the permitted units in
1990. The storm water collection ponds are under Interim Status as RCRA hazardous waste
management units. Because the owner of this site filed for protection under Chapter 11 of
the Federal Bankruptcy Code in 1988, cleanup of the site is being completed through Federal
actions.
Environmental Progress
The installation of the storm water collection ponds and the perimeter dike have reduced
threats to public health and safety while further studies are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 112 MCCORMICK & BAXTER
CREOSOTING CO.
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MGM BRAKE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD000074120
EPA REGION 9
Sonoma County
Cloverdale
Site Description
The MGM Brakes facility has manufactured and cast aluminum brake components for large
motor vehicles at this 5-acre site since 1965. From 1965 until 1972, hydraulic fluids containing
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used to cast the brakes. Wastewater containing PCBs
then was discharged into a field south of the plant. The company also discharged wastewater
containing ethylene glycol on site from 1972 until 1981. The ethylene glycol reacts with water
and makes it easy for PCBs already in the ground to travel rapidly over wide areas. In 1981,
the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) discovered PCB in the
soils of the open field and in the casting plant. The State ordered the company to stop all
discharge activity and to investigate the nature and extent of contamination. Runoff from the
site drains into Icaria Creek, which is a tributary to the Russian River. Intakes on the River,
1 mile from the site, supply drinking water to Marin and Sonoma Counties. The River also
supplies water to farms in the area for irrigating crops. Approximately 4,280 people live in the
surrounding community of Cloverdale. There are 40 homes within 1/2 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Air, the concrete slab in the casting building on site, and soils are contaminated
with PCBs. Soil on and off site contains PCBs and xylenes. Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) were detected in groundwater off site. People could be
exposed to hazardous chemicals from the site by inhaling contaminants in the air,
drinking contaminated groundwater, or coming in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soils. Drainage possibly containing PCBs from the ditch flows into
Icaria Creek and into the Russian River during periods of heavy rainfall.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1981, the CRWQCB ordered MGM Brakes to study the nature
and extent of PCB contamination at the site. The company completed its study in
1983, and the EPA used the results to recommend alternative methods for
cleaning up the site. However, community objections to the remedy and new information on
the site led the EPA to conduct a second study of the site in 1988 and select the following
alternatives to address contamination at the site: excavating approximately 15,000 cubic yards
of soil contaminated with high levels of PCBs and disposing of them off site; evaluating the
extent of VOC contamination at the site, and if necessary, developing additional cleanup
measures, and filling, grading, and planting the excavated area with vegetation. Cleanup
began in 1991 and is scheduled for completion in late 1993.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA entered into a Consent Decree with MGM Brakes, in which
the company agreed to design and construct the remedy selected by the EPA.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at MGM Brakes while further studies
and final cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Cloverdale Regional Library, 401 North Cloverdale Boulevard, Cloverdale, CA 95425
March 1992 114 MGM BRAKES
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MODESTO
GROUNDWATE
CONTAMINATIO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981997752
EPA REGION 9
Stanislaus County
Modesto
Site Description
The City of Modesto began monitoring groundwater at this site in 1984 and found 12 of 24
tested wells to be contaminated. Municipal Well #11 was found to be contaminated with
tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and was taken out of service. Well #11 is one of 35 municipal
wells in the City of Modesto and contributes to the municipal water service. In 1988,
monitoring indicated contaminants were no longer present, and the well was placed back in
service. PCE was detected again in Well #11; the well was taken out of service in early 1990.
The California Department of Health Services and the Stanislaus County Environmental
Health Department have identified Halford's Cleaners as a likely source of contamination.
The operation is located less than 1/2 mile southeast and upgradient of Municipal Well #11.
The agencies found PCE in subsurface soil at Halford's Cleaners during the excavation of a
cement slab that supported dry cleaning equipment. In addition, the cleaner's discharge to the
sewer was contaminated. The Modesto municipal water supply serves approximately 142,000
people. The nearest residence is within 25 feet of the well.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with PCE. People may face a health risk if
they accidently ingest, inhale, or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soils.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Information on the soil and groundwater contamination around
the dry cleaner was collected during a removal assessment in 1990. As a result of
this assessment, in early 1991, the EPA ordered the potentially responsible party
to install a soil vapor extraction system to ensure that contaminants are removed from the
drinking water. The system is currently operating and is expected to be completed in 1994.
Entire Site: The EPA began an investigation of the site in early 1991. Monitoring
wells were installed to help determine the type and extent of contamination. At
the conclusion of the investigation, expected in 1993, alternative remedies for
cleanup of the site will be recommended.
Environmental Progress
The installation of the soil vapor extraction system has reduced the threat of exposure to
contaminants while studies are underway at the Modesto Groundwater Contamination Site.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
116
MODESTO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
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MOFFETT
NAVAL AIR STA
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CA2170090078
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
10 miles north of San Jose
Other Names:
Naval Air Station Moffett Field
The 1,500-acre Moffett Naval Air Station site provides aircraft maintenance operations in
support of anti-submarine patrol. There are 19 separate areas of contamination identified by
the Navy on the station, with four areas being clusters of underground tanks or sumps within
a geographic area. Other areas include two landfills and operational areas that led to spills or
releases into the environment. Hazardous materials from aircraft maintenance and base
operations, which were disposed of on-base, have caused soil and groundwater contamination.
Materials disposed of include solvents, caustics, acids, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
aviation fuels. The closest residence is 2,000 feet from the site. Approximately 272,000 people
depend on wells within 3 miles of the station as a source of drinking water. Private and public
wells are in use within 3/4 miles of the site. The estuarine wetlands of San Francisco Bay are
adjacent to the base.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). People
who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater
or soils may be at risk. The adjacent wetlands could be harmed if contaminants
migrate off base.
117
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on base-wide cleanup and source control.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Abandoned wells that may be potential conduits for subsurface
cross-contamination have been evaluated and properly closed.
Base-Wide: In 1989, the Navy began a thorough investigation to determine the
type and extent of contamination base-wide. The areas being investigated include:
contaminated soil at Sites 12 and 15, the westside aquifers, the eastside aquifer,
and the wetland area. Once the investigations are completed, final cleanup measures will be
recommended for each of the areas, between 1993 and 1996.
Source Control: In 1989, the Navy began an investigation to determine the
source of contamination on the base. This investigation is scheduled for
completion in late 1993. Source control measures currently being considered
include bioremediation of contaminated soil and removal of contamination in groundwater
through carbon absorption.
Site Facts: Moffett Naval Air Station is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in
1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contamination at military
and other DOD facilities. This site is designated a closing base under the Base Realignment
and Closure Act.
Environmental Progress
The closure of abandoned wells has reduced the potential migration of contaminated soil into
the groundwater at the Moffett Naval Air Station site while studies are taking place and final
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
March 1992 118 MOFFETT NAVAL AIR STATION
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MONOLITHI
MEMORIES
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD049236201
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
Advanced Micro Devices
AMD-Arques
Site Description
Monolithic Memories manufactures integrated circuits on this 20-acre site. The facility
consists of four buildings that were used for production, assembly, storage, offices, and
laboratories. In 1982, monitoring wells on the site were found to be contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Contamination probably resulted from leaking pipes in
solvent waste drains. The company has removed two subsurface waste solvent tanks and two
subsurface acid neutralization systems. In 1986, under the direction of the State, the company
began pumping and treating the groundwater to contain the contaminant plume. The
property was purchased by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) in 1987, and the company has
assumed the ongoing activities. The contaminant plume has merged with the National
Semiconductor plume (located immediately upgradient of Monolithic). This is one of 28 sites
in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic
chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common
groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to
combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to cleaning
up the contamination. Approximately 300,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and
depend on groundwater as their source of drinking water. A medical clinic is adjacent to the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with various VOCs. People who ingest
or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater and soil may be at risk.
119
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Groundwater extraction and treatment activities have been
taking place in the groundwater aquifers since 1986.
Entire site: Monolithic Memories completed an investigation determining the type
and extent of contamination at the site. Based on the results of the investigation,
the EPA has selected remedies for the permanent cleanup of the site, which
include: continuing to extract and treat the contaminated groundwater and treating
contaminated soil through vapor extraction. Activities to clean up the soil are expected to
begin in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater extraction and treatment system has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated groundwater at the Monolithic Memories site while cleanup activities for soil
contamination are being planned.
Site Repository
Santa Clara City Library, Central Library, 2635 Homestead Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051
March 1992
120
MONOLITHIC MEMORIES
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MONTROSE
CHEMICAL CORP,
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD008242711
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Torrance
Site Description
The 13-acre Montrose Chemical Corp. site was the location of a plant that manufactured the
pesticide DDT from 1947 until 1982. Operations included formulation, grinding, packaging,
and distribution of the pesticide. Various locations across the site were used for storage of
either DDT or waste products. The area used as a settling and recycling pond for process
wastes was completely unlined until 1970, when it was lined with concrete. In 1985, Montrose
regraded and paved portions of the site with asphalt to reduce the further migration of
contaminants until final cleanup of the site. The two upper aquifers are contaminated, but
neither is used as a source of drinking water. Contamination recently has been detected in
the next deeper aquifer, but the closest drinking water well is 2 miles southeast of the site
and draws water from the two deepest aquifers. Storm water flows from the site into the
Normandie Avenue Ditch, to the Kenwood Drain, to Torrance Lateral, Dominguez Channel,
Consolidated Slip and finally, into Los Angeles Harbor. Approximately 3,000 people live or
work within 1/4 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Soils, surface water, and groundwater are contaminated with the pesticide DDT
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Storm drain and sewer sediments are
contaminated with DDT. People living or working in an area with DDT in the soil
or dust may be exposed to the chemical in any of three ways: ingestion of
contaminated soil, inhalation of contaminated dust, or through direct contact with
contaminated soil. The concentrations of DDT are not high enough to produce
any immediate health effects, but there is an increased risk of cancer for
individuals exposed to the contaminated dust or soil over a long period of time.
121
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1989, Montrose constructed a temporary asphalt cover
over some of the contaminated soil areas.
Entire Site: Montrose Chemical Corporation, under EPA monitoring, is
conducting an investigation to determine the nature and extent of groundwater
and soil contamination at the site, contamination of the sanitary sewers leading
from where the Montrose facility was located, and contamination of the stormwater pathway.
The investigation addressing groundwater and soils is expected to be completed in late 1992
and a final cleanup remedy is scheduled to be selected in 1993. An additional part of this
investigation is an environmental assessment of the sediments in the stormwater drainage
pathway that are contaminated with DDT, which the EPA will be conducting. The EPA will
focus the assessment on the stormwater pathway: Normandie Avenue Ditch; Kenwood drain;
Torrance Lateral; Dominguez Channel; and Consolidated Slip. The ecological assessment
study area stops at the outer boundary of the consolidated slip and does not include Los
Angeles Harbor. The potential impact on Los Angeles Harbor will be addressed separately.
Once all investigations are completed, scheduled for 1993, measures will be recommended for
final site cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1983, the EPA issued an Administrative Order, requiring Montrose Chemical
to cease all discharges of DDT and to initiate a study to determine the nature and extent of
contamination. In 1985, 1987, and 1989, the EPA and Montrose signed additional orders
requiring Montrose to expand its studies.
Environmental Progress
The construction of the asphalt cover has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
soil at the Montrose Chemical Corp. site while studies are taking place and final cleanup
activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Carson Public Library, 151 East Carson Street, Carson, CA 90745
March 1992 122 MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORP.
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NATIONAL
SEMICONDUCT
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD041472986
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
The National Semiconductor Corp. manufactures electronic equipment at this 50-acre site.
Underground storage tanks, sumps, and pipes are suspected to be the source of contaminated
groundwater and soil. National Semiconductor has taken leaking tanks out of service,
instituted a program of pumping and treating the groundwater, and removed contaminated
soil from selected areas of the facility. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San
Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated
organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although the sites
are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of
the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. Approximately 300,000
people live within 3 miles of the site and depend on groundwater as a source of drinking
water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
There is significant contamination of soil and shallow groundwater by volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). People who accidentally ingest or come in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater or soils may be at risk.
123
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the source of contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, 36 cubic yards of soil and a waste solvent tank
were removed. Since 1982, approximately 400 cubic yards of chemical-bearing soils
have been removed. The company has initiated a program of pumping and
treating the groundwater to contain the contaminated plume while further site studies were
underway.
Entire Site: In 1989, National Semiconductor began investigating the type and
extent of contamination at the site. The investigation was completed in 1991 and
the EPA selected the final remedy for the site. The final cleanup remedy includes
soil vapor extraction and continued operation of the groundwater extraction and treatment
system.
Source Control: An investigation began in 1989 to determine the nature and
extent of the source of contamination at the site. Once the investigation is
completed, expected in 1994, a final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and the operation of a groundwater pump and treatment
system have reduced the potential of exposure to contamination at the National
Semiconductor Corp. site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being
selected.
Site Repository
Santa Clara City Library, Central Library, 2635 Homestead Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051
March 1992 124 NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
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NEWMARK
GROUNDWAT
CONTAMINATIQ
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD981434e
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino
Other Names:
North San Bernardino Muscoy Site
San Bernardino - Muscoy Area
The Newmark Groundwater Contamination site covers a portion of the contaminated area of
an essential groundwater aquifer underlying the City of San Bernardino. Groundwater
contamination from Norton Air Force Base to the south is not considered part of this site.
Although the suspected disposal occurred in the 1950s, the problem was not discovered until
a water supply monitoring program was instituted in 1980. A plume of chlorinated solvents,
tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) closed 20 water supply wells within a
6-mile radius of the site in two plumes. The State brought ten of the wells back into
operation by installing air stripping towers with carbon filtration emission controls on eight
wells and a carbon filtration system on the other two. More than 25 percent of the municipal
water supply for the City of San Bernardino's 175,000 residents has been affected by the
advancing contamination plume. The City of Riverside, with a population of approximately
250,000, relies on wells downgradient from the Newmark contamination for approximately 75
percent of its total water supply. The rapidly growing communities of Colton, Loma Linda,
Fontana, Rialto, with approximately 115,000 people, and unincorporated areas also use water
from wells unprotected from the contamination. No alternative water sources currently are
available.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including TCE and
PCE. People who drink or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater
may suffer adverse health effects.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the Newmark contaminated plume area and the Muscoy
contaminated plume area.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In May, 1992, the EPA conducted a soil gas investigation to
evaluate the need for a removal action at a potential disposal site in a residential
neighborhood. It was confirmed that a disposal trench existed, but no VOCs were
present.
Newmark Plume Area: An investigation was initiated in 1990 to identify the
source of a 5 mile-long contaminated plume north and east of the Shandin Hills
community, and to identify ways to control continued migration of the plume to
protect down-gradient groundwater resources while removing contaminants. During the
investigation it was determined that the source of the contamination did not originate in the
source area northeast of the Shandin Hills, but rather in another portion of the valley, west
of Shandin Hills, the Muscoy community. Consequently, a separate investigation began in the
Muscoy area to identify the source and to control the plume in this new area while
proceeding with interim cleanup activities at the original Newmark plume area.
Muscoy Plume Area: The investigation of the Muscoy contaminated plume
area was initiated in 1992. The focus is to identify the source or sources of the
contaminated groundwater plume and control the migration of the groundwater
contaminant plume stretching approximately 3 miles south of the suspected source area, along
the west side of Shandin Hills, while removing contaminants. The suspected source area is the
site of a WWII army base, Camp Ono, which closed in 1946 and has been largely developed
as a residential community. The Cajon County Landfill and several industrial operations are
located in this portion of the San Bernardino Valley. Once the investigation is completed, a
final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Newmark Groundwater site while
studies are ongoing and final cleanup activities are being planned.
March 1992 126 NEWMARK GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINATION
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Site Repository
Norman F. Feldhym Central Library, 555 West 6th Street, San Bernardino, CA 92410
NEWMARK GROUNDWATER 127 March 1992
CONTAMINATION
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NORTON AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024345
EPA REGION 9
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino
Other Names:
Area II Landfill
Site Description
The 2,003-acre Norton Air Force Base site began operations in 1942 and has served as a
major overhaul center for jet engines and the general repair of aircraft. The site formerly had
the responsibility of providing maintenance and logistics for liquid-fuel intercontinental
ballistic missiles. Past hazardous waste management practices may have contributed to
existing contamination problems throughout the base. The practices include burial of drums
and other unspecified materials; disposal of waste oils, solvents, and paint residues into
landfills, unlined pits, ponds, and drying beds; storage in leaking underground tanks; and spills
of gas, oils, solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and acids. There are more than 20
areas of contamination on the base including two landfills, six discharge areas, four chemical
pits, a fire training area, a fuel spill area, a PCB spill area, a chemical spill area, two waste
storage areas, an underground storage tank area, and a low-level radioactive waste burial site.
Well water is used by approximately 11,000 people who live or work on the base.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains arsenic and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Soil also is contaminated with VOCs, PCBs, and heavy rnetals including chromium
and copper. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater or soils may be at risk. However, drinking water wells
show no contamination.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the central base area, the northeast area, and the
industrial wastewater treatment plant and golf course area.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the Air Force removed the industrial wastewater
treatment plant sludge drying beds. A well contaminated with low levels of VOCs is
being monitored. A groundwater pump and treat system is being designed to act as a
barrier to further migration of contaminants. In 1989, 24 underground storage tanks were
removed. The removal of the floor in Building 763 is expected to be completed in late 1992.
Entire site: In 1989, the Air Force began a thorough investigation of contamination
throughout the entire base. Once the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1993,
measures will be recommended for final cleanup.
Central Base Area: In 1989, the Air Force began an investigation of the central
area of the base, which is expected to be completed in 1992. This investigation will
determine the type and extent of contamination. Once the investigation is completed,
remedies for final cleanup of the area will be recommended. Recommendations for cleanup of
the contaminated groundwater plume, which has migrated off site, is expected to be made in
1993.
Northeast Area: In 1989, the Air Force began an investigation to determine the
nature and extent of contamination in the northeastern area of the base. Once this
investigation is completed, scheduled for 1993, measures will be recommended for
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant and Golf Course Area: In 1989, the
Air Force began an investigation of the industrial wastewater treatment plant and
golf course areas to determine the type and extent of contamination. The
investigation is scheduled for completion in late 1993 at which time remedies will be
recommended for final cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1986, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup
and Abatement Order, requiring Norton to clean the Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sludge Drying Beds. Norton Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978
to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities. Norton Air Force Base will be closed in 1993 under the Base Realignment
and Closure Act.
NORTON AIR FORCE BASE 129 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The cleanup of the sludge drying beds, the removal of underground storage tanks, and the
groundwater pump and treat system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at
the Norton Air Force Base site while further studies are taking place and cleanup activities are
being planned.
Site Repository
Norman F. Feldhym Central Library, 555 West 6th Street, San Bernardino, CA 92410
March 1992
130
NORTON AIR FORCE BASE
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OPERATING
INDUSTRIES, I
LANDFILL
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT080012024
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Monterey Park
Other Names:
Monterey Park Landfill
Oil
Site Description
The Operating Industries, Inc. (Oil) Landfill site is located approximately 10 miles east of
downtown Los Angeles. The Pomona Freeway divides the 190-acre site into two parcels. The
Monterey Park Disposal Co. began landfilling operations at the site in 1948, and in the 1950s
Operating Industries, Inc. purchased the landfill and continued operations. The landfill is
currently owned by OIL Over the life of the landfill, many wastes have been disposed of,
including residential and commercial refuse, liquid wastes, and various hazardous wastes. In
January 1984, the State of California placed Oil on the California Hazardous Waste Priority
List. The landfill stopped accepting wastes and was closed in late 1984. The U.S. EPA
proposed Oil to the NPL in the same year, and began conducting studies and taking actions
to protect the local environment and those who live near the site. Approximately 23,000
people live within 3 miles of the site, and 2,100 people live within 1,000 feet of the landfill.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Air, groundwater, soil, and leachate contain various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Potential health threats include inhaling gases, direct contact, or
accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater, soils, or leachate. There is also
the potential for an explosion or fire at the site.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: emergency actions and four long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, leachate management, installation of a gas
control and landfill cover, and site control and monitoring.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA fenced the site and posted a guard to keep
trespassers from coming into contact with hazardous substances. The EPA has
conducted a number of emergency actions, including rehabilitation of the main
gas flare station, slope stability and erosion control improvements, surface runoff and
drainage improvements, and off-site trucking and treating of the leachate collected at the
site. Approximately 5,500,000 gallons of leachate have been collected.
Entire Site: The EPA initiated an investigation in 1989 to explore the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination beneath the landfill and to select final
remedies to cleanup the entire site. The EPA has installed 45 groundwater
monitoring wells around the boundary of the landfill. Groundwater samples are taken
regularly from these wells and sent to laboratories for analysis to determine the levels of the
groundwater contamination at or near the site. The results of the first phase of the study
show that some of the groundwater near the boundary of the landfill is contaminated beyond
the area where contaminants previously had been detected. New wells will be installed beyond
the area where contaminants have been detected so the extent of contamination can be more
fully defined. Once the groundwater sampling is completed, the EPA will conduct a more
detailed study and decide what remedy, if any, is appropriate. In addition to groundwater
cleanup, the final remedy will address the long-term operation and maintenance of all site
systems. The final cleanup remedy is expected to be selected in late 1993.
Leachate Management: At the Oil site, approximately 300,000,000 gallons of
liquid industrial wastes were disposed of in the landfill. Leachate forms from these
liquids as they mix with water at the site. If this leachate is not controlled, it may
contaminate the soil, surface water, or groundwater. Currently, leachate is collected and
stored in temporary on-site tanks and then removed by trucks for off-site treatment and
disposal. Construction of an on-site leachate treatment plant began in late 1991 on the North
Parcel away from homes. Following start-up and testing, it is anticipated that the plant will
begin operating in early 1993. Only liquids from the Oil site will be treated at this plant.
March 1992 132 OPERATING INDUSTRIES, INC. LANDFILL
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Gas Control and Landfill Cover: In 1990, the EPA amended the remedy
selected to address landfill gas migration. Three site systems were selected, which
include a system for gas control, construction of a landfill cover, and surface
water management. The gas control system will control both surface emissions and subsurface
movement of gas coming out of the landfill. The system will include new gas extraction wells,
new gas piping, additional gas destruction capacity, and monitoring facilities. A landfill cover
system also will be designed and constructed to help prevent the movement of gas through
the surface of the site and to decrease odors, dust, and landfill gas emissions. The cap also
will keep water and oxygen out of the landfill, and will be designed to prevent erosion and
the movement of material down the slopes of the site. The addition of the landfill cover also
will enhance the overall effectiveness of the gas control system, and will improve the
appearance of the site. To the extent possible, vegetation will be planted over the cover. The
surface water management system will ensure that the potential for run off of landfill
contaminants during rainfall is limited. Design of these remedies began in 1992 and is
expected to be completed in late 1994.
Site Control and Monitoring (SCM): A variety of daily site activities are
necessary to maintain the landfill and the existing environmental control facilities.
These activities include: the operation of the existing gas control systems and flares
to destroy the extracted gas; maintenance of the soil cover, access roads, drainage facilities
and security fences; and monitoring of the environment both on and off-site. SCM activities
also include several improvements to the existing site control systems such as: repairs and
modifications to the gas flare system to allow for better operation, increased capacity, and
improved destruction efficiency of landfill gas. Activities also include installation of new gas
recovery wells and monitoring probes to allow more gas to be collected; repairs to the gas
control system at different on-site locations to improve collection of landfill gas; tests of
different types of landfill cover components and vegetation; and improvements to the site
irrigation system.
Site Facts: In 1989, a Consent Decree was entered into by the EPA and over 100
companies that disposed of waste at the site. A number of these companies formed a
cooperative group, referred to as the Steering Committee, to address the contamination at
the site. In March 1992, another Consent Decree was entered into by the EPA and the
potentially responsible parties requiring the potentially responsible parties to implement,
under EPA's supervision, major portions of the gas control and landfill cover remedies
selected by the EPA.
OPERATING INDUSTRIES, INC. LANDFILL 133 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The fencing of the site, removal of leachate, and the other emergency actions to control
flammable site gases have reduced the potential threats from contaminated materials at the
Operating Industries, Inc. Landfill site while studies are taking place and final cleanup
activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Montebello Regional Library, 1550 West Beverly Boulevard, Montebello, CA 90640
March 1992
134
OPERATING INDUSTRIES, INC. LANDFILL
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PACIFIC CO
PIPE LINES
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980636781
EPA REGION 9
Ventura County
Fillmore
Other Names:
Fillmore Texaco Refinery
Site Description
From 1920 to 1952, the 100-acre Pacific Coast Pipe Lines site was operated by Texaco as an
oil refinery. During this time, refinery wastes were deposited into unlined waste pits. The
largest waste pit was on the western boundary of the site. In 1980, Texaco requested
permission from the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (LARWQCB) to
use refinery wastes to resurface on-site service roads. During site investigations, the
LARWQCB detected lead at the site. Between 1981 and 1984, Texaco performed an
environmental assessment of the site. Soil and groundwater were found to be contaminated
with heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Approximately 10,000 people
obtain drinking water and as many as 4,000 acres of agricultural land are irrigated from wells
within 3 miles of the site. The site is secured by a barbed wire fence. The Santa Clara River
is within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals and VOCs. People who
accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater may
be at risk.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, Texaco excavated the main waste pit and smaller
areas and transported the soil to a federally approved hazardous waste storage
facility.
Entire Site: Pacific Coast Pipelines has conducted a thorough investigation of
the nature and extent of the contamination at the site. A final cleanup remedy
was selected in 1992 calling for groundwater treatment through solvent extraction.
Design work and treatability tests are being conducted. Cleanup is scheduled to begin in late
1993.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of the main waste pit and the removal of the contaminated soil have reduced
the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Pacific Coast Pipe Lines site while cleanup
activities are being designed.
Site Repository
Fillmore City Hall, 524 Sespe Road, Fillmore, CA 93015
March 1992
136
PACIFIC COAST PIPE LINES
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PURITY OIL
SALES, INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD980736151
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Fresno County
1/2 mile south of Fresno
The approximately 7 acre Purity Oil Sales Inc. site operated as a used oil reprocessing facility
from 1934 until 1974. The oil and by-products from the refining process were collected and
stored in sumps and storage tanks and were disposed of on site in sludge pits. Waste oil
sludge was used by local farmers for dust control or buried in on site unlined pits and ponds.
Contamination problems resulted from the improper storage and disposal of wastes.
Numerous surface spills occurred during site operations. In 1973, Purity Oil began to empty
and backfill the waste pits. Although the waste pits were backfilled with construction debris,
there is no evidence that the pits were emptied. In 1976, a fire at the site destroyed the main
warehouse building and adjacent equipment. The remaining equipment was removed from the
site, and the area was partially regraded. Seven aboveground steel tanks were left on site.
The tanks are believed to have been used to store oil prior to reprocessing and during the
acidification process. One of the tanks had an exterior asbestos coating. Although the tanks
were not leaking severely, all of the tanks were rusting. All buildings and tanks have been
removed from the site, and the site has been fenced. By 1982, the site was abandoned.
Approximately 180 residents live in an adjacent trailer park. The Fresno Aquifer, designated
as a sole source aquifer, provides water for municipal, industrial, and agricultural purposes, as
well as for a number of private wells. A number of properties in the area were affected and
are now served by the Fresno and Malaga water districts. The site is located in the San
Joaquin River drainage basin, and the San Joaquin River is 12 miles north of the Purity site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
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March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals including iron and manganese. Sediment samples taken from the
North Central Canal indicate the presence of lead. Soihs are contaminated with
phenols, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, oil and grease, VOCs, and
heavy metals including lead, copper, and zinc. The contaminants identified in tank
samples include PCBs, pesticides, and heavy metals including lead and zinc. Direct
contact with contaminated soils may present a health threat. However, since the
site is fenced, the potential of direct contact with soils has been reduced. Other
potential health threats to people include the use of contaminated groundwater or
surface water by residents or workers or inhaling site dusts.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and tanks and soil cleanup.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: During 1984, several potentially hazardous sections of the site
near the trailer park were covered with concrete to reduce potential human
contact with site wastes. In 1985, the EPA staged and sampled drums, sampled
pits and the area surrounding them, and transported the waste for disposal at an approved
hazardous waste disposal facility. Approximately 1,800 cubic yards of hazardous materials
from two waste pits and numerous surface seeps were shipped for disposal, and 25,000 gallons
of liquids from an aboveground tank were removed. Sludge from the pits was solidified, and
the pits were excavated and backfilled. In 1987, the EPA removed an additional 33,000
gallons of oil and water from an on-site tank. The site was completely fenced in 1987.
Groundwater and Tanks: The EPA selected final remedies for cleanup of the
tanks that included removal and off-site disposal of remaining contaminated wastes
in the tanks; solidification of tank wastes prior to off-site disposal, if necessary; and
cleaning, dismantling, and off-site disposal of the tanks. The EPA removed remaining tanks in
1991. The final cleanup remedies to address groundwater contamination include: use of
extraction wells and air stripping technology for the removal of contaminants from the
groundwater, and use of a process known as "greensand" to filter iron and manganese from
the water. The treated groundwater will be disposed of using one or more of the following
methods: reinjection of groundwater into the aquifer; disposal into the North Central Canal;
or disposal into local infiltration basins. Groundwater will be monitored to verify contaminant
cleanup. An alternate water supply has been provided to affected private well users northwest
of the site. Treatment of contaminated groundwater is scheduled to begin in 1993, following
the design and construction of the air stripping system.
March 1992 138 PURITY OIL SALES, INC.
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Soil: The EPA has conducted an investigation into the nature and extent of soil
contamination at the site. The investigation included soil treatability studies. These
studies showed that the proposed cleanup plan, which includes soil vapor
extraction of contaminants from lower layers of soil, would not adequately address lead
contamination. Therefore, the EPA will issue a revised proposed plan for soil cleanup before
the final remedy is selected. The EPA is expected to choose the final remedy by the end of
1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous materials and the fencing of the site have reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated materials at the Purity Oil Sales site while studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Fresno County Central Library, 2420 Mariposa Street, Fresno, CA 93721
PURITY OIL SALES, INC.
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March 1992
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RAYTHEON
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009205097
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Other Names:
Raytheon Semi Conductor Division
Site Description
The Raytheon Corp. operates as a manufacturer of semiconductor products on this 30-acre
site. The Intel Corp. (Mountain View Plant) site, the Fairchild Semiconductor Corp.
(Mountain View Plant) site, and this site are being cleaned up simultaneously. All three sites
are located in the Middlefield/Ellis/Whisman (MEW) study area. Various industrial activities
conducted in the area of the site include semiconductor manufacturing, metal finishing
operations, parts cleaning, aircraft maintenance, and other activities requiring the use,
storage, and handling of a variety of chemicals, particularly solvents. Site investigations at
several of these facilities during 1981 and 1982 revealed significant contamination from toxic
chemicals, primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in soil and groundwater. The
primary causes of the contamination were leaking storage tanks and lines and poor
management practices. Most of the site runoff is intercepted by a storm drain system and is
discharged to an off-site creek. This site is one of 28 in the South Bay Area of San Francisco
that contaminates a common groundwater basin. Approximately 270,000 people within 3 miles
of the site depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater beneath the site and site soils are contaminated primarily with
VOCs. Potential health threats to people include drinking contaminated
groundwater, accidental ingestion of contaminated soils, and coming in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater and soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
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March 1992
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Response Action Status
initial Actions: Cleanup activities currently being conducted at the site by the
potentially responsible parties include tank removals, well sealing, soil removal and
treatment, construction of slurry walls around contaminated soil areas, and
Entire Site: The final cleanup technologies chosen to address groundwater
contamination are extraction and treatment of groundwater. Extracted
groundwater will be treated by air stripping towers. Emission controls by granular
activated carbon may be required. The treated groundwater will be reused, and the water
that cannot be reused will be discharged to local streams. This cleanup phase also includes
the identification and sealing of any potential conduit wells. Inward and upward hydraulic
gradients will be maintained by pumping and treatment inside the slurry walls. The aquifers
within, and adjacent to, the constructed slurry walls will be monitored regularly. The selected
cleanup technologies to address soil contamination are in-place vapor extraction, with
treatment by vapor phase granular activated carbon, and excavation with air treatment. Most
of the vapor extraction will take place within the slurry walls that contain the bulk of site soil
contamination. Several smaller areas outside of the slurry walls also will be cleaned by in-
place vapor extraction. Raytheon, began preparing the technical specifications and design for
the selected groundwater and soil cleanup remedies under EPA monitoring in 1991.
Groundwater and soil cleanup activities are scheduled to begin once the design phase is
completed, scheduled in 1994.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to several
potentially responsible parties, including Raytheon Corporation. The Order required the
parties to conduct an investigation into the nature and extent of site contamination and to
recommend alternatives for final site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and soil, the sealing of contaminated wells and the construction of
slurry walls have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the
Raytheon Corp. site while the design of additional cleanup remedies is taking place.
Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
RAYTHEON CORP. 141 March 1992
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RIVERBANK
AMMUNITIO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA7210020759
EPA REGION 9
Stanislaus County
10 miles northeast of Modesto
Other Names:
Nl Industries Inc. Riverbank Pit
Site Description
The 173-acre Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant site has been used to manufacture
materials, including cartridge cases, grenades, and projectiles, since 1951. The site is
comprised of the 145-acre main facility and four unlined industrial waste treatment ponds in
the flood plain of the Stanislaus River approximately 1 1/2 miles north of the main facility. In
1942, the Aluminum Company of America constructed the site plant as an aluminum
reduction facility to supply the military. The plant closed in 1944 and reopened in 1951, with
Norris Industries, Inc. as the operating contractor. As a result of industrial activities, the site
has generated corrosive wastes, solvents, and wastewater containing heavy metals.
Reportedly, significant levels of contaminants, including chromium and cyanide, have migrated
into groundwater close to or beyond the installation boundary. Studies also have determined
that sediments in the waste treatment ponds contain elevated levels of zinc. Overflows from
the ponds have dumped into the Stanislaus River, and the river has occasionally overflowed
into the ponds during periods of flooding. Approximately 13,700 people obtain drinking water
from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site, and at least 3,500 acres of nut and
fruit orchards are irrigated partially by groundwater. The Stanislaus River is used for
irrigation and recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with chromium and cyanide. Sediments in the waste
treatment ponds contain zinc. Potential health threats to people include coming in
direct contact with contaminated groundwater and sediments, drinking
contaminated groundwater, and accidentally ingesting contaminated sediments. The
on-site ponds are under consideration for habitat preservation because of the
diverse nature of local species.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: When chromium contamination was found in off-post
domestic supply wells in 1989, the Army replaced those wells with deeper wells.
An interim groundwater treatment system was completed in 1990. Also in 1990,
the Army investigated ways to clean up the sediments in the evaporation/percolation ponds.
Based on the results of this investigation, the EPA has concluded that the levels of
contamination do not pose a significant threat to public health. In addition, the EPA has
concluded that the pond area should be preserved as a suitable habitat for the local species.
Planned activities include constructing a fence to preserve the habitat and monitoring the
groundwater. Additional investigations will take place to characterize further the nature of
contamination. A permanent water supply connection is currently under construction and
should be completed in 1992.
Entire Site: The Army currently is conducting an investigation into the nature
and extent of soil and groundwater contamination in the Main Plant Landfills. The
investigation will define the nature and extent of contaminants and will
recommend alternatives for the final site cleanup. The investigation is scheduled for
completion in 1993.
Site Facts: The Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant is participating in the Installation
Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense
(DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants
at military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The replacement of the drinking water wells and the construction of a groundwater treatment
system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater at the
Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant site while additional studies are taking place and final
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Stanislaus County Library, Riverbank Branch, 3442 Santa Fe Street, Riverbank, CA 95367
RIVERBANK ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT 143 March 1992
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SACRAMEN
ARMY DEPO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA0210020780
EPA REGION 9
Sacramento County
Sacramento
Site Description
The 485-acre Sacramento Army Depot site is a supply depot primarily responsible for the
receipt, storage, issuance, maintenance, and disposal of electronics supplies. The Sacramento
Army Depot was established in 1945. Wastes from metal-plating operations, spray booth
operations, and degreasing operations were discharged to unlined sewage lagoons, burned, or
buried on site. These practices have resulted in the contamination of some on-site soils at the
Former Oxidation Lagoons and Burn Pits and other areas, as well as the groundwater
beneath the site. Soil contamination also was shown in drainage ditches leading to the Old
Morrison Creek Bed. Approximately 50,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Morrison
Creek flows around the southern boundaries of Sacramento Army Depot. The groundwater
contamination at the site is in the shallow and intermediate water-bearing zones and has
migrated off site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Soils at the Former Oxidation Lagoons contain heavy metals including lead,
cadmium, and chromium. Surface soils from on-site drainage ditches are
contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium. Potential health threats to
people include drinking, eating, breathing, or having direct contact with
contaminated soils or groundwater.
144
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
entire site, groundwater, Tank 2, the oxidation lagoons, and the burn pits.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Army currently is investigating the nature and extent of
contamination associated with the site. The investigations will identify the
contaminants and recommend alternatives for final cleanup. Investigations focus
on identifying all areas of soil contamination, especially those that are impacting groundwater.
The investigations are planned to be completed in 1996. There are plans to close the old
oxidation lagoons and burn pits and to remove any leaking storage tanks.
Groundwater: In 1990, the Army began operating a groundwater treatment
facility. Seven groundwater extraction wells pump the water to the treatment plant
where hydrogen peroxide is added; the water then passes through a bank of
ultraviolet lights to be decontaminated and is discharged into a sanitary sewer. The plant
currently treats 1/2 million gallons of contaminated groundwater per day. Treatment of the
groundwater will be ongoing until 1995. Once the remedy is amended to include cleanup of
off-site groundwater, treatment will continue to the year 2001.
Tank 2: A study of the contamination around Tank 2 was completed in 1991. The
final cleanup remedy selected in late 1991 calls for soil vapor extraction to remove
the VOCs from the soil. Design activities are expected to begin in late 1992.
Oxidation Lagoons: In 1988, the Army began a study of the nature and extent
of contamination related to the oxidation lagoons. The final cleanup remedy,
selected in the fall of 1992, calls for soil washing treatment to remove heavy metal
contamination. Design of the cleanup remedy is expected to begin in late 1992.
Burn Pits: In 1991, the Army began a study of the contamination in and around
the burn pits. Cleanup methods are scheduled to be selected in early 1993.
Site Facts: The Sacramento Army Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in
1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military
and other DOD facilities.
SACRAMENTO ARMY DEPOT 145 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The operation of the groundwater treatment facility will protect area residents from exposure
to contaminated groundwater at the Sacramento Army Depot site while further studies are
taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Sacramento Army Depot, Visitor Control Building, 8350 Fruitridge Road,
Sacramento, CA 95813
March 1992
146
SACRAMENTO ARMY DEPOT
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SAN FERNA
VALLEY
(AREA 1)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894893
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
North Hollywood
Other Names:
San Fernando Valley North Hollywood
Wellfield
North Hollywood Operable Unit
Burbank Operable Unit
Site Description
San Fernando Valley (Area 1) is an area of contaminated groundwater covering
approximately 9,336 acres in the vicinity of the North Hollywood section of the City of Los
Angeles and the City of Burbank. This area is part of the San Fernando Valley Basin, a
natural underground reservoir. Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) was discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants currently affecting the
Basin's water supply can be traced back to a period between the 1940s and the 1960s, when
the disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes went unregulated throughout the Valley.
The discharging of chemicals still may be happening today. After 1980, contaminated wells
either were taken out of service or were blended with water from clean sources.
Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area because water from the
metropolitan water district and the City of Los Angeles, alternate sources of drinking water,
may not always be available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a groundwater
monitoring program conducted from 1981 through 1987 revealed approximately 50 percent of
the water supply wells in the eastern portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin
were contaminated. Many of the wells have been shut down. There are approximately
3,000,000 people who reside within 3 miles of the site. More than 60 public drinking water
supply wells are located within the Area 1 site perimeter; 56 are owned and operated by the
Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, and 11 are owned by the Burbank Public
Service Department. The Basin provides drinking water to the communities of Los Angeles,
Burbank, Glendale, and La Crescenta, serving approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, municipal, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Exposure to VOC contamination
can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with contaminated groundwater.
However, before the site was listed on the NPL, local water customers were, and
still are being provided with imported drinking water or mixed imported and
groundwater, thereby reducing the threat of exposure.
147
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on area-wide
groundwater cleanup, cleanup of the North Hollywood Area, and cleanup of the Burbank
Area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board is conducting an investigation into the area-wide groundwater
contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin. This will include
the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The Board is studying the extent and
nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term cleanup alternatives for the
site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1993.
North Hollywood Area: Based on the results of the study conducted by the
State, the EPA has chosen the following interim cleanup remedy: groundwater
pump and treatment using aeration and granular activated carbon air filtering
units, with discharge of treated water to the Department of Water and Power's pumping
station for chlorination and distribution as a public water supply. Construction of the
treatment plant at the site began in 1987. The system was activated in 1989; the pump and
treat system will continue for at least 10 years. Water is pumped to an aeration tower. There,
the contaminants are stripped from the water by an air stripper. These contaminants are then
captured by a carbon adsorption system to limit air emissions of the compounds. The spent
carbon will be removed and scheduled either for disposal or regeneration. Treated water is
transferred to a holding reservoir before entering the city's distribution system. Approximately
50 percent of the production wells are still being pumped, with the other 50 percent of the
wells shut down due to contamination.
Burbank Area: In 1989, the interim cleanup remedy selected for the Burbank
area of the site was extraction of groundwater from new extraction wells in the
most highly contaminated zones. The contaminated water will be treated through
a stripping process (air or steam) to remove the organic solvents. Carbon adsorption will be
used to treat air emissions from the air stripping process. Once the treated water is blended,
it will be delivered to the City of Burbank's Public Service Department for distribution
through the public water supply system. Excess water will be reinjected into the aquifer. The
design of the remedy began in 1992.
Site Facts: The EPA and the California Regional Water Quality Control Board entered into
a Cooperative Agreement for the Basin-wide investigation of the San Fernando Valley Basin.
The potentially responsible parties will continue to conduct site cleanup, with EPA oversight.
March 1992 148 SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 1)
-------
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply and the operation of the groundwater treatment
systems have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated drinking water at the San
Fernando Valley (Area 1) site and will continue to protect residents near this site while
further cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Burbank Public Library, Central Library, 110 North Glen Oaks Boulevard,
Burbank, CA 91502
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 1)
149
March 1992
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SAN FERNA
VALLEY
(AREA 2)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894901
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles and Glendale
Other Names:
San Feirnando Valley Basin-Crystal
Springs Area
Glendale North & South Operable Unit
San Fernando Valley (Area 2) is an area of contaminated groundwater covering
approximately 6,680 acres in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Well Field in the Cities of Los
Angeles and Glendale. This area is part of the San Fernando Valley Basin, a natural
underground reservoir. Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
was discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants currently affecting the Basin's water
supply can be traced back to a period between the 1940s and 1960s, when the disposal of
large quantities of chemical wastes went unregulated throughout the Valley. The discharging
of some chemicals still may be occurring. To alleviate the groundwater contamination, wells
either were taken out of service or well water was blended with water from clean sources.
Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area, because water from the
metropolitan water district, an alternate source of drinking water, may not always be available
due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a groundwater monitoring program conducted
from 1981 to 1987 revealed approximately 50 percent of the water supply wells in the eastern
portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the
wells have been shut down. There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3
miles of this site. Approximately 50 public drinking water supply wells are located within the
Area 2 site perimeter. The Basin provides drinking water to the communities of Los Angeles,
Burbank, Glendale, and La Crescenta, serving a population of approximately 600,000
residents.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposure to the VOC
contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with contaminated
groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the NPL, local residents were,
and still are, being served imported drinking water or mixed imported water and
groundwater, thereby reducing the threat of exposure.
150
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on area-wide cleanup
of the groundwater and cleanup of the Glendale area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board is conducting an investigation into the area-wide groundwater
contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin. This investigation
includes the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The Board is studying the
extent and nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term cleanup
alternatives for the site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1993.
Glendale North & South Areas: The Los Angeles Department of Water and
Power currently is conducting an investigation to determine the nature and extent
of groundwater contamination at the Glendale North & South areas. The study
also will assist in determining the long-term cleanup actions that will be used at the sites.
Investigations for both areas were completed in 1992. Proposed cleanup plans also were
prepared for both areas in 1992. Final cleanup remedies are still in the process of being
selected.
Site Facts: The EPA and the California Regional Water Quality Control Board have
entered into a Cooperative Agreement to perform an investigation of the contamination in
the San Fernando Valley Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate drinking water supply has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 2) site and will continue to
protect residents near this site while cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Burbank Public Library, Central Library, 110 North Glen Oaks Boulevard,
Burbank, CA 91502
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 2) 151 March 1992
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SAN FERNA
VALLEY
(AREA 3)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894984
Site Description —
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Glendale
Other Names:
San Fernando Valley Basln-
Glorietta Area
La Crescenta Operable Unit
Verdugo
The 5,200-acre San Fernando Valley (Area 3) site is an area of contaminated groundwater in
the vicinity of the Glorietta Well Field in the City of Glendale. This area is part of the
Verdugo Basin, a natural underground reservoir that represents an important source of
drinking water for people in the City of Glendale and the unincorporated area of La
Crescenta. Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was
discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants currently affecting the Basin's water
supply can be traced back to a period between the 1940s to the 1960s, when the disposal of
large quantities of chemical wastes went unregulated throughout the Valley. Illegal dumping
and currently leaking underground storage tanks may be the cause of further groundwater
contamination. To alleviate this groundwater contamination, wells either were taken out of
service or were blended with water from clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is difficult
to replace in this area because water from the metropolitan water district, an alternate source
of drinking water, may not always be available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of
a groundwater monitoring program conducted from 1981 to 1987 revealed approximately 50
percent of the water supply wells in the eastern portion of the San Fernando Valley
Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the wells have been shut down. The Basin
provides drinking water to the communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La
Crescenta and serves approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is only minimally contaminated with various VOCs. Exposure to
the VOC contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, and cooking with
contaminated groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the NPL, local
water customers were, and still are, being served imported drinking water or mixed
imported water and groundwater, which thereby reduces the threat of exposure.
152
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the area-
wide groundwater contamination.
Response Action Status
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board is conducting an investigation into the area-wide groundwater
contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin. This will include
the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The Board is studying the extent and
nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term cleanup alternatives for the
site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA and the California Regional Water Quality Control Board entered into
a Cooperative Agreement to perform an investigation of the contamination in the San
Fernando Valley Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 3) site and will continue to
protect residents near this site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Burbank Public Library, Central Library, 110 North Glen Oaks Boulevard,
Burbank, CA 91502
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 3)
153
March 1992
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SAN
VALLEY
(AREA 4)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894976
Site Description
Angeles County
Los Angeles
The 5,860-acre San Fernando Valley (Area 4) site is an area of contaminated groundwater in
the vicinity of the Pollock Well Field in the City of Los Angeles. This area is part of the San
Fernando Valley Basin, a natural underground reservoir. Groundwater contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants
currently affecting the Basin's water supply can be traced back to a period between the 1940s
and the 1960s, when the disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes went unregulated
throughout the Valley. To alleviate this groundwater contamination, wells either were taken
out of service or blended with water from clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is
difficult to replace in this area because water from the metropolitan water district and the
City of Los Angeles, alternate sources of drinking water, may not always be available due to
periodic drought conditions. Results of a groundwater monitoring program conducted from
1981 to 1987 revealed approximately 50 percent of the water supply wells in the eastern
portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the
wells have been shut down. There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3
miles of the groundwater basin and depend on public wells for potable water. The Basin
provides drinking water for the communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La
Crescenta and serves approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposure to VOC
contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with contaminated
groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the NPL, local water
customers were, and still are, being provided with imported drinking water or
mixed imported water and groundwater, which thereby reduces the threat of
exposure.
154
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
area-wide groundwater contamination and Pollock Well Field.
Response Action Status
Area-wide Groundwater: Currently, the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board is conducting an investigation into the area-wide groundwater
contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin. This investigation
will include the three other sites in the Valley that are on the NPL. The Board is studying
the extent and nature of groundwater contamination and will identify long-term cleanup
alternatives for the site. The first phase of the study is expected to be completed in 1994.
Pollock Well Field: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination
at the Pollock Well Field began in mid-1992. Based on the study results,
alternatives for final site cleanup will be recommended.
Site Facts: The EPA and the California Regional Water Quality Control Board entered into
a Cooperative Agreement to perform an investigation of the contamination in the San
Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 4) site and will continue to
protect residents while final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Burbank Public Library, Central Library, 110 North Glen Oaks Boulevard,
Burbank, CA 91502
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 4) 155 March 1992
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SAN GABRIEL
(AREA 1)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980677355
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
El Monte
Site Description
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 1) site is an area of contaminated groundwater over 4 miles
long and 1 1/2 miles wide located in the San Gabriel Valley. This site is one of four
Super fund sites located in the 170-square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square miles of
groundwater under the Valley could be contaminated. In 1984, the EPA identified four large
areas of groundwater contamination in the San Gabriel Valley; each area is a separate
Superfund site. The sites include four large areas of groundwater contamination that underlie
significant portions of the Cities of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El
Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El Monte, West Covina, and other areas of
the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the groundwater by volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby
wells in the Valley County Water District. Subsequently, the California Department of Health
Services (CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to assess the extent of contamination. By
1984, 59 wells were found to be contaminated with high levels of VOCs. Hundreds of
individual facilities could be contributing to the contamination in the basin through improper
handling and disposal practices. The area of contamination parallels the San Gabriel River to
the east. The basin's groundwater provides approximately 90 percent of the domestic water
supply for over 1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply wells are used
in the basin to extract groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture, and homes.
Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide drinking water to
more than 1,000,000 people. As of 1984, three mutual water companies in El Monte—
Richwood, Rurban Homes, and Hemlock Mutual Water Companies—were unable to supply
their customers with water due to contamination. This situation has been corrected, and
currently all water purveyors are able to supply water that meets drinking water standards.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
156
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San Gabriel
Valley may be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing,
or cooking. People who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could
be exposed to hazardous substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water
that does not meet Federal and State drinking water standards.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of area-wide contamination, the Whittier-Narrow area and the
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Fields, and identification and cleanup of the source of
contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA has installed a water treatment system to provide
clean water to Richwood Mutual Water Company which, in turn, supplies water
to people in the valley.
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley sites (Areas 1 - 4). The intent of
the investigation is to identify areas of the site for focused study and provide
support to ongoing cleanup efforts. It is expected to continue for 10 years or more.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature and
extent of contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the San Gabriel Valley.
The EPA is scheduled to select a remedy for this area in 1993.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA selected
the following alternatives to address contamination at the Bartolo Well
Field: extract groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo Well
Field; modify, if feasible, the existing wells and install new production wells to selectively
extract groundwater from the most highly contaminated zones of the underlying aquifer;
construct an air stripping system; take measures to floodproof the wells; install a gas
treatment system to control the emissions of VOCs from the air stripping system; treat
contaminated water to concentrations that meet the requirements of the State and the EPA;
and feed the treated water directly into Suburban Water System's water distribution system.
Design of the cleanup activities was completed in 1991. However, groundwater contamination
levels at the Bartolo Well Field and throughout the area adjacent to and upgradient from the
wells have dropped and now meet federal drinking water standards. The EPA is expected to
amend the selected remedy because of this finding; the amendment is expected to delay
installation of the treatment facility until contamination levels increase.
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 1} 157 March 1992
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Source Identification and Control: The California Regional Water Quality
Control Board, Los Angeles Region, working under a Cooperative Agreement
with the EPA, is identifying the sources of contaminants. To date, nearly 400
individual facilities have been identified as having confirmed soil contamination.
Environmental Progress
Completed actions to ensure that residents are being provided with a safe drinking water
supply have addressed immediate site contamination concerns. The EPA performed
preliminary investigations and determined that residents near the San Gabriel Valley (Area 1)
site are protected while studies are taking place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
Site Repository
Whittier Central Library, 7344 South Washington Street, Whittier, CA 90602
March 1992
158
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 1)
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SAN GABRIEL VAt
(AREA 2)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980818512
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Baldwin Park
Site Description
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 2) site is an area of contaminated groundwater in the San
Gabriel groundwater basin. The plume is over 7 1/2 miles long and 1 1/2 miles wide. This site
is one of four large Superfund sites in the Valley. Over 30 square miles of groundwater under
the Valley could be contaminated. The sites include four large areas of groundwater
contamination that underlie significant portions of the Cities of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa,
Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El Monte, West
Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the groundwater by
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems
in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the Valley County Water District. Following this discovery,
the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to
assess the extent of contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were found to be contaminated with
high levels of various VOCs. Hundreds of individual facilities could be contributing to the
contamination in the basin through improper handling and disposal practices. Analyses show
that many wells in the area do not meet the EPA's standards for water quality. The basin's
groundwater provides approximately 90 percent of the domestic water supply for over
1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply wells are used in the basin to
extract groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture, and homes. Forty-five different
suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide drinking water to more than 1,000,000
people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. People in the San Gabriel Valley may
be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing, or cooking.
People who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could be exposed
to hazardous substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water that does not
meet Federal and State drinking water standards.
159
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of area-wide
contamination, Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field, the Baldwin Park area, and the
Whittier-Narrows area, and identification and control of the source of contamination.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley. The intent of the investigation is
to identify areas of the site for focused study and provide support to ongoing efforts
at all San Gabriel Valley site areas. The EPA expects to continue these efforts for 10 years or
more.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA selected the
following alternatives to address contamination of the Bartolo Well Field: extract
groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo Well Field; modify, if feasible, the
existing wells and install new production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the most
highly contaminated zones of the underlying aquifer; construct an air stripping system to treat
contaminated groundwater; take measures to floodproof the wells; install a gas treatment system
to control the emissions of VOCs from the air stripping system; treat contaminated water to
concentrations that meet the requirements of the State and the EPA; and feed the treated
water directly into Suburban Water System's water distribution system. The EPA will address
contamination at the site in two phases. The first phase includes stabilizing the soil in the well
field and preparing the site for construction. Design of the cleanup activities was completed in
1991 and was issued to the public for approval. Cleanup activities are expected to begin, pending
public approval. Phase two is construction of the air stripper. Design of the air stripper was
completed in 1991. Operation of the air stripper is expected to begin in early 1993.
Baldwin Park: In 1987, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of
contamination at this area of the site. The EPA plans to complete the study and
propose a final remedy for public comment in early 1993.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent
of contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the basin. Once the study is
completed, expected in 1993, the EPA will select a remedy for cleanup of this area.
Source Identification and Control: The California Regional Water Quality
Control Board, Los Angeles Region, working under a Cooperative Agreement with
the EPA. To date, nearly 400 individual facilities have been identified as having
confirmed soil contamination.
March 1992 160 SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 2)
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Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 2) site while studies
are taking place and final cleanup actions are planned.
Site Repository
Whittier Central Library, 7344 South Washington Street, Whittier, CA 90602
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 2)
161
March 1992
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SAN GABRIEL
(AREA 3)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD980818579
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Alhambra
Site Description
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 3) site is an area of contaminated groundwater that runs along
the west fork of Alhambra Creek in the San Gabriel Valley. This site is one of four
Superfund sites located in the 170-square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square miles of
groundwater under the Valley could be contaminated. The sites include four large areas of
groundwater contamination that underlie significant portions of the Cities of Alhambra,
Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South
El Monte, West Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the
groundwater by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when Aerojet
Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the Valley County Water District. Following
this discovery, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well
sampling program to assess the extent of contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were found to be
contaminated with high levels of various VOCs. Hundreds of individual facilities could be
contributing to the contamination in the basin through improper handling and disposal
practices. Analyses show that many wells in the area do not meet the EPA's standards for
water quality. The basin's groundwater provides approximately 90 percent of the domestic
water supply for over 1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply wells
are used in the basin to extract groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture, and
homes. Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide drinking water
to more than 1,000,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San Gabriel
Valley may be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing,
or cooking. People who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could
be exposed to hazardous substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water
that does not meet Federal and State drinking water standards.
162
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of area-
wide contamination and identification and control of the source of contamination.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley. The intent of this investigation
is to identify specific areas at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 3) site for focused
study as well as to support ongoing activities at other areas of the San Gabriel Valley sites.
Under this investigation, additional groundwater cleanup or monitoring may be required. The
EPA expects continue these efforts for 10 years or more.
Source Identification and Control: The California Regional Water Quality
Control Board, Los Angeles Region, working under a Cooperative Agreement
with the EPA, is identifying sources of contaminants. To date, nearly 400
individual facilities have been identified as having confirmed soil contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 3) site
while studies are taking place and final cleanup actions are planned.
Site Repository
Whittier Central Library, 7344 South Washington Street, Whittier, CA 90602
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 3) 163 March 1992
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SAN GABRIEL^fi
(AREA 4)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD980817985
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
La Puente
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 4) site is an area of contaminated groundwater that runs along
San Jose Creek in La Puente. This site is one of four Superfund sites located in the 170-
square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square miles of groundwater under the Valley could
be contaminated. The sites include four large areas of groundwater contamination that
underlie significant portions of the Cities of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park,
Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El M'onte, West Covina, and
other areas of the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the groundwater by volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled
nearby wells in the Valley County Water District. Following this discovery, the California
Department of Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to assess the
extent of contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were found to be contaminated with high levels of
various VOCs. Hundreds of individual facilities could be contributing to the contamination in
the basin through improper handling and disposal practices. Analyses show that many wells in
the area do not meet the EPA's standards for water quality. The basin's groundwater
provides approximately 90 percent of the domestic water supply for over 1,000,000 people
who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply wells are used in the basin to extract
groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture, and homes. Forty-five different
suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide drinking water to more than 1,000,000
people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San Gabriel
Valley may be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking, bathing,
or cooking. People who inhale vapors from groundwater that contain VOCs could
be exposed to hazardous substances. Currently, no one is served drinking water
that does not meet Federal and State drinking water standards.
164
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of area-
wide contamination, the Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field, and the Whittier-
Narrows area, and identification and control of the source of contamination.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley. The intent of this investigation
is to identify specific areas of the site for focused study and provide support to
ongoing activities at all areas of the San Gabriel Valley site. The EPA expects continue these
efforts for 10 years or more.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA selected
the following remedy to address contamination of the Bartolo Well Field: extract
groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo Well Field; modify, if feasible,
the existing wells and install new production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the
most highly contaminated zones of the underlying aquifer; construct an air stripping system;
take measures to floodproof the wells; install a gas treatment system to control the emissions
of VOCs from the air stripping system; treat contaminated water to concentrations that meet
the requirements of the State and the EPA; and feed the treated water directly into
Suburban Water System's water distribution system. The EPA will address contamination at
the site in two phases. The first phase includes stabilizing the soil in the well field and
preparing the site for construction. Design of the cleanup activities was completed in 1991
and was issued to the public for approval. Cleanup activities are expected to begin, pending
public approval. Phase two is construction of the air stripper. Design of the air stripper was
completed in 1991. Operation of the air stripper is expected to begin in 1992.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature and
extent of contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the San Gabriel Valley.
The study is still in progress, and the EPA is scheduled to select a remedy in late
1992.
Source Identification and Control: The California Regional Water Quality
Control Board, Los Angeles Region, working under a Cooperative Agreement
with the EPA, is identifying sources of contaminants. To date, nearly 400
individual facilities have been identified as having confirmed soil contamination.
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 4) 165 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 4) site
while studies are taking place and final cleanup actions are planned.
Site Repository
Whittier Central Library, 7344 South Washington Street, Whittier, CA 90602
March 1992
166
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 4)
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SELMA TRE
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD029452141
EPA REGION 9
Fresno County
1/2 mile from Selma
Other Names:
Selma Pressure Treating Company
Saw Mill Properties
Site Description
The 18-acre Selma Treating Company site includes a 3- to 4-acre wood treatment facility and
14 acres of an adjacent vineyard that were used for site drainage. The facilities on site have
been used by a series of owners to treat lumber products almost continuously since 1936. At
least two general methods of wood preservation have been used. Before 1965, lumber was
dipped into a mixture of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and oil and then was dried on open racks,
letting the excess liquid drip off. In 1965, the site converted to a pressure-treating process,
which consisted of two basic steps: conditioning the wood to reduce moisture content and to
increase permeability, and impregnating the wood with chemical preservatives. From 1936 to
1971, chemical wastes from the treatment plant were disposed of on site into percolation
ditches, dry wells, an unlined pond, and a sludge pit. Chemical preservatives also were
released to the ground, particularly in the wood treatment area, as a result of spillage,
dripping, and leaking. Waste fluids were discharged through pipelines that ran along the
boundaries of the vineyard into off-site drainage areas and ditches. In 1971, the State
collected samples from an unlined sump on the property. After concluding that the discharges
posed a serious threat, the State issued discharge requirements. Subsequently, the company
installed an effluent recovery system. Between 1978 and 1981, the State issued new waste
discharge requirements for the facility that included provisions for preventing and monitoring
spills and leaks from waste storage areas onto unpaved areas and for preventing surface
runoff from the unpaved areas. In 1981, the Selma Treating Company filed for bankruptcy. In
1982, Sawmill Properties, Inc. acquired the facility with the stipulation that Selma Leasing
Company continue to accept responsibility for the site cleanup. The aquifer beneath the site
is the sole source of water in the area. There are 12 residences and businesses within 1/4 mile
of the site. The Town of Selma has a population of approximately 10,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
167
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains chromium. Soil is contaminated with PCP, volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals such as chromium, arsenic, and copper.
People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soils may be at risk. However, no contamination has been found in
any public or private drinking water wells. If contaminants reach irrigation wells,
crops may become contaminated.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, Sawmill Properties installed concrete drip drying pads
and runoff containment berms and instituted operational controls to prevent
further soil and groundwater contamination.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by:
extracting and treating the groundwater and then reinjecting the treated water
into the aquifer or discharging it off site; excavating the contaminated soil,
solidifying it, placing it back in the excavated areas, and covering it with clean soil or clay;
monitoring the groundwater and soil for 30 years; and placing restrictions on land and
groundwater use. The EPA is designing the technical specifications for the soil and
groundwater cleanup. The design phase is expected to be completed in 1992. Groundwater
cleanup will be undertaken in two phases, with the second phase to be designed and installed
based on the experience gained in the first phase. This approach is the result of changes in
the contaminated aquifer from five years of drought.
Environmental Progress
The installation of concrete pads and berms has contained contaminated soil and
groundwater at the Selma Treating Company site while cleanup remedies are being designed.
Site Repository
Fresno County Library, Selma Beach, 2200 Selma Street, Selma, CA 93662
March 1992 168 SELMA TREATING CO.
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SHARPE ARMY/
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA8210020832
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
San Joaquin County
1 1/2 miles east of Lathrop
The 724-acre Sharpe Army Depot site has been involved in the storage, shipping, packaging,
and maintenance of general supplies. Between 1941 and 1975, maintenance of aircraft,
vehicles, industrial equipment, and medical equipment resulted in the generation of a variety
of chemical wastes. Wastes produced on site were disposed of in multiple locations, including
the South Balloon Area, the Burning Pits Area, and the North Balloon Area. The wastes
include sludge containing phenols, polychlorinated hydrocarbons, and used paints and
solvents. Wastes have contaminated both soil and groundwater. All maintenance activities
have ceased, and the waste areas no longer are used. The Depot employs approximately
1,200 people. The contaminated sole source aquifer supplies water to approximately 33,600
people within 3 miles of the facility. The San Joaquin River is 2 miles from the depot.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichloroethylene (TCE). People who accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater
or come in direct contact with site contaminants may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and groundwater cleanup.
169
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Army has constructed an interim groundwater
treatment system and is constructing a second system to contain and treat
contamination in the most seriously affected areas. Extraction and treatment of
groundwater for VOC removal began in 1990.
Entire Site: In 1989, the Army began an investigation to determine the extent of
contamination throughout the base. Once this investigation is completed,
scheduled for 1993, measures for site cleanup will be recommended.
Groundwater: In 1989, the Army began an investigation to determine the nature
and extent of groundwater contamination. Once this investigation is completed,
scheduled for late 1992, measures will be recommended for groundwater cleanup.
Site Facts: The Sharpe Army Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program,
a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The operation of a groundwater treatment system at the Sharpe Army Depot site has
reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater while further studies are
taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 170 SHARPE ARMY DEPOT
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SOLA OPTIC
USA, INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD981171523
EPA REGION 9
Sonoma County
Petaluma
Site Description
Sola Optical USA, Inc. has been producing optical lenses on this 35-acre site since 1978. In
1982, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) identified acetone in an on-site
well. Subsequently, Sola reported that soil adjacent to six underground solvent storage tanks
at the facility was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1985, Sola
removed the underground storage tanks and confirmed that the shallow groundwater
underneath the site was contaminated with VOCs. In 1986 and 1987, the State found low
levels of solvents in the Petaluma #5 City Well. This well is approximately 500 feet from the
site and may be hydraulically connected to the contaminated aquifer beneath the site. This
well has been shut down until treatment of the contaminated groundwater is completed.
Affected residences have been connected to the Petaluma Water Department distribution
system, which serves approximately 50,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various VOCs including acetone. The low level of
contaminant concentrations in the soil are within federal guidelines. Scientific data
shows that these soil contaminants will not affect the groundwater. If contaminants
had migrated off site, people who accidently ingested or came in direct contact
with contaminated groundwater or soils may have been at risk.
171
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire site: In 1989, Sola, under EPA oversight, began an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation
was completed in 1991. The selected remedy for final cleanup included: continued
operation of the existing extraction well that has been in use since 1988, installation of two
additional shallow wells, and conversion of two deep monitoring wells into extraction wells;
and treatment by carbon adsorption of the contaminated groundwater which is then
discharged to a creek or to the City sewage treatment plant. All site construction activities
were completed in late 1992. Groundwater treatment will continue until established cleanup
goals for the site are met.
Site Facts: In 1985, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB)
issued Waste Discharge Requirements calling for Sola to conduct groundwater studies. In
1987, the CRWQCB issued Site Cleanup Requirements calling for Sola to determine the
lateral and vertical extent of groundwater contamination and to propose cleanup alternatives.
The State of California worked with Sola to install a groundwater pump and treat system.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Sola Optical USA, Inc. site while
final cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Petaluma Public Library, 100 Fairgrounds Drive, Petaluma CA 94952
March 1992 172 SOLA OPTICAL USA, INC.
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SOUTH BAY
ASBESTOS AREA
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894885
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Alviso
Other Names:
Alviso Dumping Area
The 550-acre South Bay Asbestos Area site is located on the southern edge of the San
Francisco Bay. Portions of the site served as dumping areas for over 30 years. Three landfills
located within the site boundaries (the Santos Landfill, the Leslie Salt Landfill, and the Sainte
Claire Corporation Landfill) received asbestos wastes from an asbestos-cement pipe
manufacturing plant, located 4 miles south of the site, that operated from 1953 until 1982.
Residents reportedly used waste asbestos pipe to drain excess water from their properties
before curbs and gutters were installed. Several areas may have been filled with asbestos-
containing soils transported in by residents to raise the elevation of their property and to
improve flood protection. As a result of heavy rains in 1983, Coyote Creek flooded the site.
The City of San Jose constructed a levee around the town in order to pump out the
floodwater. The levee material was taken from the Raisch Quarry in southern San Jose and
was later found to contain asbestos. Asbestos also was found in the Guadalupe River levee,
the ring levee, and in surface soils around the town. Approximately 1,700 people live in
Alviso. Most water is provided to South Bay residents through public supply systems that
draw groundwater from the deep aquifer. The majority of private wells draw water from the
less-protected shallow aquifer. The ring levee lies within the 100-year flood plain of the
Guadalupe River and was constructed on portions of wetland areas adjacent to Alviso. The
levee also abuts wetland areas next to a National Wildlife Refuge.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, municipal, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Air is polluted with asbestos due to the disturbance of asbestos-contaminated soils,
caused primarily by heavy truck traffic. Groundwater in the shallow aquifer
contains asbestos. Site soils are contaminated with asbestos. The wetland areas
adjacent to Alviso have been threatened. The greatest health threat to people is
the inhalation of airborne asbestos fibers. Once asbestos fibers enter the lungs, the
fibers can be trapped in the body. Asbestos fibers also may be ingested through
contaminated food and water.
173
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and of the ring levee.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the Santa Clara Valley Water District removed some
asbestos wastes from the Guadalupe River levee. From 1986 to 1987, the EPA
paved a lot at the George Mayne School and an unpaved portion of Spreckles
Avenue, removed a debris pile and stabilized a trail at the Environmental Education Center,
and twice applied polymer sealant to the ring levee. The levee since has been sprayed
annually by the City of San Jose and beginning in 1992, will be sprayed twice a year.
Entire Site: The final cleanup technologies selected to address contamination of
the entire site include: paving the asbestos-contaminated truck and industrial
yards; wet-sweeping Alviso streets monthly; removing asbestos debris; installing
landfill covers; and implementing deed restrictions, and maintaining and monitoring the site.
The design of the cleanup technologies was completed in 1992. Early study results have
indicated that four truck yards need to be paved. The City of San Jose is wet-sweeping the
streets on a monthly basis.
Ring Levee: The EPA had decided to construct a vegetated soil cover to address
the ring levee. However, this remedy was revised. A second Consent Decree was
signed in 1990, amending the original cleanup work plan to provide for the
removal of the levee and the restoration of the wetlands after an alternate flood control
project is devised and in place. Detailed specifications for the design of the selected remedy
are being developed.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA and the City of San Jose signed a Consent Agreement for the
City to continue levee spraying. A second Consent Decree was signed in 1990, amending the
original work plan.
Environmental Progress
Removing asbestos wastes, paving of the lots, and applying sealant to the levee have reduced
the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the South Bay Asbestos Area site
while cleanup activities are being designed and are underway.
Site Repository
San Jose Public Library, Alviso Branch, 1060 Taylor Street, Alviso, CA 95002
March 1992 174 SOUTH BAY ASBESTOS AREA
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SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
EDISON CO.
(VISALIA POLEYARD
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980816466
EPA REGION 9
Tulare County
Visalia
Site Description
The 20-acre Southern California Edison Co. (Visalia Poleyard) site was operated as a utility
pole treatment yard from the 1920s until 1980. Wood preservatives, including creosote and
pentachlorophenol (PCP), were used and stored on site during site operations. Leaking tanks
and stored treated poles have contaminated groundwater and soil. Approximately 60,000
people live within 6 miles of the site. The distance from the site to the closest residence is 1/4
mile. California Water Service Company wells within 3 miles of the site supply drinking water
to Visalia residents. The local municipal water system includes over 35 drinking water wells
within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with wood-treatment chemicals including
creosote and PCP. Potential health threats include accidental ingestion of or direct
contact with contaminated soils or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
175
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1977, a slurry wall was constructed to slow contaminant
migration in the shallow aquifer. Southern California Edison, the potentially
responsible party, removed 2,300 cubic yards of contaminated soil and disposed of
it off site at an approved disposal facility. The facility has upgraded its on-site groundwater
treatment system to include anthracite filtration in addition to carbon filtration. The
potentially responsible party now discharges the treated groundwater directly to Mill Creek, a
small tributary two blocks from the site. This discharge is licensed by the State.
Entire Site: Southern California Edison and the State, under EPA monitoring,
are conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of the contamination at
the site. The investigation will define the contaminants and recommend remedies
for the final groundwater and soil cleanup. The first phase of the investigation and the risk
assessment have been completed. Final cleanup remedies are expected to be selected in early
1993.
Site Facts: In 1976, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order, requiring Southern
California Edison to abate discharge of treatment fluids into the soil, to contain contaminated
soil and water on the property, to pump shallow groundwater under the site before and
during construction of an underground slurry wall around the site, to pump and lower the
confined aquifer to remove contamination, and to clean up contaminated shallow
groundwater off site. In 1987, Southern California Edison and the State signed an agreement
requiring the utility to perform a study to determine the nature and extent of site
contamination and to recommend alternatives for final cleanup action.
Environmental Progress
The construction of a slurry wall, removal of contaminated soil, and treatment of
contaminated groundwater have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at the
Southern California Edison Co. (Visalia Poleyard) site while studies are taking place and
cleanup actions are being planned.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
March 1992 176 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON CO.
(VISALIA POLEYARD)
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SPECTRA-PH
INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD009138488
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Site Description
The 11 1/2-acre Spectra-Physics, Inc., site has been the location of a manufacturer of
electronic equipment and gas lasers since 1961. Beginning in 1981, Spectra-Physics, Inc.
stored its hazardous wastes on bermed concrete pads. Only one storage area has a cement
floor without a berm, and that area is used for storing solid wastes. A variety of cleaners,
degreasers, and lubricants are used in the manufacturing process. Wastes from manufacturing
processes include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), paints, oils, acids, and bases. In 1981,
the State discovered areas where hazardous wastes were stored that had no dikes or leachate
collection systems. Additionally, several on-site wastewater sumps are suspected of
contributing VOCs to the soils and groundwater. Contaminated groundwater from the site
has moved off site to the north and merged with the contaminated plume of another NPL
site, the Teledyne Semiconductor, Inc. site, which borders the Spectra-Physics, Inc. site. The
two firms jointly are cleaning up the sites. Approximately 189,000 people obtain drinking
water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. Groundwater within 1 mile of
the site is used for private and municipal purposes. More than 200 private drinking water
wells were drilled into the contaminated plume; most of these wells have been closed.
Between 1982 and 1985, the users of these private wells were connected to municipal water
supplies. The closest residence is located 200 feet southwest of the site. San Francisco Bay is
2 1/2 miles downstream of the site and is used for recreation. The tides that influence the
Bay also influence Permanente Creek, which is within 1 mile of the site. Several species of
endangered birds are found within the area of tidal influence.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTINQ HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/11/91
177
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Soil contained VOCs. Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Elevated
concentrations of VOCs were detected in water samples from Permanente Creek.
Potential health threats to people include drinking, inhaling, or coming in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater and groundwater vapors or touching or
accidentally ingesting contaminated soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, one wastewater sump was removed, and 6 feet of
surrounding soils were excavated. In 1986 and 1988, an on-site shallow
groundwater extraction well and one intermediate zone groundwater extraction
well were installed at the site. These wells were installed to prevent the plume of
contaminants from migrating off site. Twenty additional wells were installed and have begun
extracting groundwater from the off-site contaminant plume areas. Extracted groundwater is
discharged to the City of Palo Alto sanitary sewer system. All actions were performed by
Teledyne and Spectra-Physics.
Entire Site: In 1991, the EPA chose the following cleanup remedies: vapor
extraction for soil cleanup; groundwater extraction and treatment; and quarterly
monitoring of the groundwater, as well as the soil. Soil cleanup has been
completed. Groundwater treatment will continue until established cleanup goals are met.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sumps and contaminated soil and the installation of groundwater extraction
wells have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated groundwater and soil at the
Spectra-Physics, Inc. site while groundwater treatment is completed.
March 1992 178 SPECTRA-PHYSICS, INC.
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Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
SPECTRA-PHYSICS, INC.
179
March 1992
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STOKER CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD066635442
Site Description
E:PA REGION 9
Imperial County
Imperial
Located in a sparsely populated agricultural area, the Stoker Co. has supplied and aerially
applied pesticides since 1966. Waste and rinse waters resulting from the cleanup of equipment
are sprayed onto a 20-acre land treatment unit, which consists of a dirt road and landing
strip. Studies have shown that in the 1970s close to 300 gallons of waste waters per day were
disposed of in the land treatment unit; this amount dropped to 100 gallons sometime before
1988. Empty pesticide bags and boxes also were burned on site. While the disposal of waste
waters is permitted by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB),
the Stoker Co. is required to sample the soil and the groundwater beneath the site. In 1988,
birds and fish that died in a pond at a nearby residence were found to have high levels of
pesticides in their tissue. This discovery alerted local authorities to site contamination and
resulted in the closing of the pond. Shortly afterwards an on-site warehouse containing
pesticide supplies burned to the ground. The Stoker Co. responded to this incident by
removing contaminated soil, an action performed under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Although a closure plan was submitted in 1989 to the CRWQCB, the
Stoker Co. reconsidered closing the land treatment unit and continues to spray waste waters
today. A canal runs along the southern and eastern borders of the airstrip, delivering water to
a residence less than 80 feet from the site, wetlands, and a fishery. The wetlands also border
the entire length of the airstrip and provide a habitat for four endangered or threatened
species. The fishery, which raises catfish, is within 1/4 mile of the site. Close to 130 people
live within 1 mile of the site. Employees of the Stoker Co. are exposed to contaminated soils.
One family has been relocated due to site contamination. Poor groundwater and surface
water quality has forced nearby residents to drink bottled water.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 07/29/91
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March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Even though the site is located in an agricultural area where pesticides are used
extensively, the levels of pesticides in air, surface water, sediment, and soil samples
greatly exceed background concentrations. In 1988, several pesticides were
detected in the canal. Pesticides also were found in on-site soil and the pond.
Sediment and air samples collected in 1989 indicated that pesticides had been
released into the air and the wetlands.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, after discovering contaminants in birds and fish,
local authorities closed the nearby pond. Approximately 300 tons of contaminated
soil were removed and disposed of in a landfill regulated by RCRA in response to
Entire Site: The EPA is scheduled to initiate an investigation into the nature
and extent of site contamination in late 1992. This investigation will lead to the
selection of remedies for permanent cleanup of the site.
Environmental Progress
Immediate actions such as closing the pond and removing contaminated soil have reduced
health and safety risks to the nearby population and environment while further investigations
into contamination at the Stoker Co. site are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
STOKER CO.
181
March 1992
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STRINGFELLOW
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT080012826
EPA REGION 9
Riverside County
1 mile north of Glen Avon
Site Description
From 1956 until 1972, the 17-acre Stringfellow site was operated as a hazardous waste
disposal facility. Over 34,000,000 gallons of industrial waste, primarily from metal finishing,
electroplating, and pesticide production, were deposited in evaporation ponds. Spray
evaporation procedures were used to accelerate the reduction of pond content volume. In
1969, excessive rainfall caused the disposal ponds to overflow and resulted in the
contamination of Pyrite Creek and Channel. In 1978, heavy rains caused the California
Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) to authorize a controlled release of
800,000 gallons of wastewater from the site to prevent further waste pond overflow and
massive releases. An additional 500,000 gallons of liquid wastes were removed at that time to
a Federally approved facility. In 1979 and 1980, heavy rains again threatened releases from
the waste ponds. Between the years 1975 and 1980, approximately (5,300,000 gallons of liquid
wastes and materials contaminated with pesticides were removed from the site. Glen Avon
has a population of approximately 7,700 people. Over 200 residences have private wells in
Glen Avon. Few private wells have been found to be contaminated., and none presently are
used for drinking water. The Glen Avon area is supplied drinking water by three facilities: the
Jurupa Community Services District, the Mutual Water Company of Glen Avon, and the
Santa Ana River Water Company.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy
metals such as cadmium, nickel, chromium, and manganese. Soil is contaminated
with pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), sulfates, and heavy metals.
People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk. The original disposal area is covered by a clay
cap, fenced, and guarded by security services. No one currently is drinking water
potentially affected by the contaminant plume.
182
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: initial actions and four long-term remedial phases
focusing on control of the source of contamination, installation of a pre-treatment plant,
cleanup of the lower canyon, and cleanup of the community wells.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: From 1980 to 1984, three groundwater extraction wells, a
subsurface barrier structure, and an on-site surface water drainage system with
gunite channels were constructed. The EPA overpacked and staged the drums on
the site. All liquid wastes on the site were removed to a Federally approved hazardous waste
disposal facility. With the exception of 1,000 cubic yards of DDT-contaminated soil, which
were taken to a Federally approved facility, contaminated soils from the site were used to fill
waste ponds. The surface was graded, covered with clean soil, and seeded. In 1984, the State
completed initial cleanup measures including fencing the site, maintaining the existing soil
cap, controlling erosion, and disposing of the leachate extracted above and below the on-site
clay barrier dam. In 1989, residences that had been receiving bottled water from the State
were connected to the Jurupa Community Services District.
Source Control: In 1984, the State began an investigation to identify and
evaluate alternatives to control the source of contamination. To date soil vapor
extraction is the only soil treatment technology recommended for further study at
the site. The study is expected to be completed in 1993, once additional soil treatability
studies have been performed.
Pre-Treatment Plant: In 1984, the EPA selected a remedy for interim treatment
of contaminated groundwater which featured installing a pre-treatment system
consisting of lime precipitation for removing heavy metals and removing VOCs
through granular activated carbon treatment. The treated groundwater is discharged to an
industrial sewer line, which ultimately discharges to a publicly owned treatment works system.
Additional interceptor and monitoring wells were installed to extract contaminated
groundwater downgradient of the site. The State completed installation of the pre-treatment
plant in 1985. As of 1989, over 30,000,000 gallons of groundwater had been extracted and
treated.
Lower Canyon: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the lower
canyon area of the site by: installing a groundwater barrier system in the area and
treating the extracted groundwater; installing a peripheral channel to direct uphill
surface water runoff; extending the existing gunite channels southward to discharge surface
water into Pyrite Creek; and reconstructing the Pyrite Creek Channel. The potentially
responsible parties installed the groundwater barrier system and reconstructed the Pyrite
Creek Channel. The State designed the system and completed construction of the northern
channels in 1990.
STRINGFELLOW 183 March 1992
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Community Wells: In 1990, the State and the EPA completed an investigation
determining the type and extent of contamination in the community wells. The
selected remedy includes installation of a groundwater extraction system in the
community to treat contaminated groundwater that has migrated downgradient to the area,
possibly followed by reinjection of the treated water. The potentially responsible parties have
agreed to conduct design tests for the community wells system, which will lead to overall
design of the pump and treat system, scheduled for completion in 1995.
Site Facts: In 1983, the Department of Justice, on behalf of the EPA, joined with the State
to file a suit against 32 potentially responsible parties. As a result of a 1988 Administrative
Order on Consent, the potentially responsible parties have agreed to conduct remedy design
activities and construct cleanup remedies for certain aspects of the cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and liquid waste, connection of affected residences to an alternate
water supply, and installation of a groundwater barrier and treatment system have reduced
the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Stringfellow site. Cleanup
activities are underway while studies and design activities continue at the remaining areas of
the site.
Site Repository
Riverside Public Library, 3581 7th Street, Riverside, CA 92509
March 1992
184
STRINGFELLOW
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SULPHUR
MERCURY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980893275
Site Description
The 120-acre Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine site initially was mined for sulfur from 1865 to
1871. Mercury ore was mined intermittently by underground methods from 1873 to 1905. The
site periodically was opened for pit mining from 1915 to 1957. The mine, once one of the
largest producers of mercury in California, has been inactive since 1957. Approximately 120
acres of mine tailings and waste rock and an open, unlined mine pit (called the Herman
Impoundment) are located on the property. The mine tailings extend into the Oaks Arm of
Clear Lake along 1,300 feet of shoreline. Approximately 193,600 cubic yards of waste are on
site. The Herman Pit, which is filled with acidic water, covers 23 acres and is 750 feet
upgradient of the lake. The State has found mercury in the tailings and in the biota and
bottom sediments in Clear Lake. The levels of mercury in fish from the lake led the State to
issue an advisory against eating fish. The Clear Lake Oaks Water District, which provides
municipal drinking water for 4,700 people, is recharged by Clear Lake. Approximately 70
houses are located within 3 miles of the site. A former freshwater wetland is located 900 feet
to the east of the mine. A critical habitat for three endangered wildlife species, the Peregrine
Falcon, Southern Bald Eagle, and Yellow-Billed Cuckoo, is located less than 1/4 mile from
the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date- 06/24/88
Federal actions. Finai Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
Sediments from Clear Lake, soil, surface water, and fish are contaminated with
mercury and arsenic. Mercury bioaccumlation in excess of the Federally
recommended limit for human consumption has been documented in Clear Lake
fish. One of the major health threats is eating mercury contaminated fish. In
addition, people who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated surface water and sediments may suffer adverse health effects.
Ingestion and inhalation of contaminated soil also are primary concerns. If
contaminants leach into the nearby wetland, wildlife in or around the water may be
harmed.
185 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: emergency actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the Herman Impoundment, the waste piles, and lake
sediments.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The waste piles by the shoreline slope are currently being
cutback to reduce further erosion of mine waste into Clear Lake. Additional
activities will take place once investigations are completed.
Herman Impoundment: In 1990, the EPA began an investigation into the
nature and extent of contamination at the impoundment. Alternatives under
consideration for cleanup of the Herman Impoundment are taking no action,
neutralizing the site, or draining and plugging the pit. The study is scheduled to be completed
by the end of 1993, at which time the EPA will select a remedy for cleanup of the
impoundment.
Waste Piles: Studies concerning the nature and extent of contamination caused
by the waste piles currently are underway. Possible cleanup remedies include
cutting back the slope, covering and revegetating the area, or disposing of the
tailings in the Herman Impoundment if the pit is drained and plugged. The investigation is
expected to be completed by the end of 1993.
Lake Sediments: The EPA has started an investigation exploring the nature and
extent of contamination in the lake sediments. Cleanup remedies being considered
include: dredging and treating the sediments; dredging and disposing of the
sediments in the Herman Impoundment; or covering the contaminated sediments with sand or
clay. The EPA expects the study to be completed by the end of 1994.
Environmental Progress
Currently the EPA is conducting an emergency removal to reduce further erosion of mine
waste into Clear Lake while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being
planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 186 SULPHUR BANK MERCURY MINE
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SYNERTEK, INC,
(BUILDING 1)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD990832735
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
From 1978 to 1986, electronics were manufactured in five buildings on the 3 1/2-acre
Synertek, Inc. (Building 1) site. Building 1 is adjacent to three underground storage tanks
used as a neutralization system, which leaked volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the
soil. These tanks were removed in 1985. At that time, it was discovered that on-site and off-
site groundwater had become contaminated. Subsequently, Honeywell, the property owner,
installed three on- and two off-site groundwater extraction wells, along with an air stripping
tower to treat the extracted groundwater. The extraction and treatment system has been in
operation since 1987. Approximately 300,000 people obtain drinking water from public wells
within 3 miles of the site. The nearest downgradient municipal well is located 1 1/2 miles
north of the plume.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various VOCs. Based on the monitoring data, there are no
indications that exposure to site-related contaminants is occurring.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
187
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, Honeywell installed three on- and two off-site
groundwater extraction wells, along with an air stripping tower to treat the
extracted groundwater. The treated groundwater currently is discharged to the
storm drain, as permitted by the State.
Entire Site: Synertek, under State monitoring, completed an investigation
resulting in the selection of remedies for final cleanup of the site. This remedy
featured continuing the operation of the groundwater extraction and air stripping
system. Instead of discharging water to the storm drain, the EPA decided to reinject treated
groundwater. Synertek has completed constructing an injection well and coupled it with the
existing extraction and treatment system. Groundwater treatment will continue until
established cleanup goals have been met.
Environmental Progress
The treatment of groundwater will continue to reduce the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water and protect residents near the Synertek, Inc. (Building 1) site.
Site Repository
Santa Clara City Library, Central Library, 2635 Homestead Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051
March 1992
188
SYNERTEK, INC. (BUILDING 1)
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T.H. AGRICU
NUTRITION C
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009106220
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Fresno County
Fresno
Other Names:
Thompson-Haywood Chemical
Company
The 5-acre T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition Company site operated as a pesticide-formulating
facility from 1962 until 1981. Other companies formulated pesticides on the site from 1950 to
1962. During the 1950s and 1960s, on-site landfills were used for disposal of wastes generated
from site operations, including pesticide-laden clays from cleaning equipment. Waste has been
spilled on the surface of the site and left in piles on the ground. Sampling at the site
conducted by the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) detected pesticides in
soil and groundwater. Approximately 30,000 people live within 3 miles of the site, with the
closest resident being 500 feet from the site. Approximately 35,000 people depend on
groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with pesticides. Chloroform also is
contaminating the groundwater. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct
contact with contaminated groundwater or soils may suffer adverse health effects.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
189
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition Company, under State
monitoring, excavated and removed 14,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil. All
affected residences have been hooked up to the public water supply system to
eliminate the use of domestic wells near the site and the threat of exposure from
contaminated water. A soil vapor extraction system is being installed to reduce the level of
chloroform in the area.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible party has undertaken sampling to
characterize soil contamination, monitor groundwater, and characterize the
hydrogeology beneath the site. Extensive on- and off-site groundwater studies were
conducted. Currently, the results of the groundwater field study are being studied to identify
cleanup efforts that could be used at the site. The study is expected to be completed and final
cleanup remedies selected in early 1993.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
materials at the T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition Company site while studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned. The threat of exposure to chemicals through direct
contact, ingestion, and inhalation has been eliminated by extending the public water supply
system to affected residences.
Site Repository
Fresno Country Library, Sunnyside Branch, 5547 East Kings Canyon Road,
Fresno, CA 93727
March 1992
190
T.H. AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION COMPANY
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TELEDYNE
SEMICONDUCTO
CALIFORNIA
EPAID#CAD009111444
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Teledyne Semiconductor has operated as a manufacturer of semiconductors at this 1-acre site
since 1962. In 1982, Teledyne reported to the California Regional Water Quality Control
Board (CRWQCB) that soil and groundwater were contaminated with solvents from an
underground solvent storage tank. The State inspected the site in 1984 and found that
contaminants had migrated north of the site and had affected approximately 50 private
domestic wells. Furthermore, contaminated groundwater that migrated north from another
NPL site, Spectra-Physics, Inc., merged with the contaminated plume of the Teledyne site.
The two firms are cleaning up the sites jointly. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area
of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily
chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin.
Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup
activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination. The site
is located in a densely populated, urban area. Approximately 189,000 people live within a 3-
mile radius of the site, all of whom depend on groundwater as the source of drinking water.
The distance from the site to the nearest residence is 200 feet.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater is
contaminated with VOCs. People could be exposed to hazardous substances from
the site by accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated
groundwater.
191
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Teledyne is pumping contaminated groundwater from the
upper aquifer to the surface for treatment.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected the following cleanup remedies: excavation
and removal of contaminated soil; groundwater extraction and treatment through
an air stripper; and quarterly monitoring of the groundwater, as well as the soil.
Groundwater treatment will continue until established cleanup goals are met.
Environmental Progress
Removal of contaminated soil and extraction and treatment of the groundwater has reduced
the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Teledyne Semiconductor site.
Site Repository
Mountain View Public Library, 585 Franklin Street, Mountain View, CA 94041
March 1992
192
TELEDYNE SEMICONDUCTOR
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TRACY DEFE
DEPOT
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4971520834
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
San Joaquin County
1 1/2 miles southwest of Tracy
Other Names:
Defense Distribution
Region West-Tracy
The 448-acre Tracy Defense Depot site was an Army Supply Depot from 1942 to 1963, when
it was turned over to the Defense Logistics Agency. Operations at the site include repacking
leaking chemical containers, fumigating shipping materials, maintaining vehicles, painting,
storing chemicals, preserving metal parts, operating chemical and photographic laboratories,
storing and mixing pesticides, and storing and treating liquid and solid wastes. Liquid waste
treatment and storage areas include an unpaved storage area, two unlined sewage effluent
ponds, two abandoned sewage lagoons, two lined industrial wastewater ponds, an abandoned
paint spraying/stripping rinse water pond, an abandoned trench where 150 drums of waste oil
were buried, an unlined pond for holding stormwater, an abandoned pesticide disposal trench,
an abandoned area where substantial amounts of formaldehyde were buried, and
aboveground and underground waste tanks. Hazardous materials, including solvents,
radioactive materials, medical supplies, and solid and liquid chemicals, were disposed of in
three burn pits. Former solid waste treatment/storage areas included a fill area where food
items were buried, a fill area where construction material was buried, and three
impoundments where wastes containing mercury phosphate compounds were stored.
Currently, all solid hazardous waste is hauled off site to Federally approved disposal facilities.
According to tests conducted in 1985, the shallow aquifer below the site is contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Approximately 25,000 people live within 3 miles of the
site. Water from depot's municipal well, which is within 3 miles of the site, is blended with
water from other wells and from the Delta Mendota Canal to provide drinking water to
approximately 28,600 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, heavy metals, and petroleum/oil
lubricants. People who accidently ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater may face health risks.
193
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater and of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The Defence Logistics Agency has been investigating groundwater
contamination in the northern area of the facility, under the direction of the State.
At the conclusion of the investigation, remedy recommendations will be made for
the cleanup of groundwater contamination. An interim groundwater pump and treat system
has been installed. Selection of a final cleanup remedy is scheduled for late 1993.
Entire Site: An investigation started in 1991 to determine the nature and extent
of contamination throughout the site. Following the completion of this
investigation, final cleanup remedies will be selected scheduled in early 1995.
Site Facts: Tracy Defense Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Pumping and treating contaminated groundwater has reduced threats at the Tracy Defense
Depot site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 194 TRACY DEFENSE DEPOT
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TRAVIS AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA5570024575
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Solano County
3 miles east of Fairfield
Established in 1943, the 5,025-acre Travis Air Force Base serves as Military Air Command
Headquarters to the 22nd Air Force and as a medical center. The Air Force has identified a
number of potentially contaminated areas including: three landfills used from 1943 to 1977,
one of which (Landfill No. 3) was used for the disposal of crushed and rinsed pesticide
containers; areas where combustible wastes were burned for firefighting exercises from 1943
to the mid-1970s; a pit where 250 pounds of cyanide were buried in 1967; a solvent spill area
where various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have been spilled during paint
stripping operations; and the storm sewer system, one of the most contaminated portions of
the base, where chemical wastes from the various shops were dumped throughout the history
of the base. The old decommissioned sewage treatment plant also is of concern because
cracked oxidation ponds may have contaminated the groundwater with pesticides and
industrial chemicals. Approximately 27,600 people live within 1 mile of the site, and 400
people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the base. The nearest well is 3,400
feet from the base. A spill of jet fuel in 1978 killed all aquatic wildlife along 2 miles of Union
Creek. The creek flows 1 mile to Hill Slough, which is a branch of Suisun Marsh, a major
coastal wetland. Because Hill Slough is tidally influenced, any contamination can reach San
Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. Suisun Marsh is widely used for various recreational
activities and is a major stop for migratory birds on the Pacific Flyway.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs and heavy metals. Heavy
metals, VOCs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in
storm sewers and surface water. VOCs were found in Union Creek. People may
face a health risk if they accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater or surface water.
195
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of Area 1 and Area 2.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Twenty-seven underground storage tanks were removed from the
base in 1986.
Area 1: In 1990, the Air Force initiated an intensive investigation into the type
and extent of contamination of those areas of concern that were identified in
preliminary contamination assessments. At the completion of the investigation,
scheduled for 1993, recommendations for final cleanup will be made.
Area 2: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination affecting
those areas of concern that were recently discovered during a routine facility
assessment required under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
is underway, and is scheduled for completion in 1994. Recommendations for cleanup of these
areas will be made based on the results of the investigation.
Site Facts: Travis Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of underground storage tanks has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Travis Air Force Base site while studies are taking place and
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Solano County Public Library, Fairfield-Suisun Community Library, 1150 Kentucky Street,
Fairfield, CA 94533
March 1992 196 TRAVIS AIR FORCE BASE
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TREASURE IS
NAVAL STATIC
HUNTERS POINT
ANNEX
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA1170090087
EPA REGION 9
San Francisco County
San Francisco
Other Names:
hipyard-Hunters Point
Division
Point Naval Shipyard
Site Description
The 936-acre Treasure Island Naval Station-Hunters Point Annex site was established in 1869
as the first dry dock on the Pacific Coast. The Navy purchased the installation in 1939 and
leased it to Bethlehem Steel Company. The Navy operated Hunters Point Annex as a
shipbuilding and repair facility from 1941 until 1976. Triple A Machine Shop then leased the
facility from 1976 to 1986 and subleased numerous buildings to private tenants. The Navy
began an investigation of potential hazardous waste contamination in 1984. A study in 1987
confirmed the presence of toxic contaminants in at least 11 site areas. In 1987, the Navy
began working with the California Department of Toxic Substances Control on an overall
program to clean up these and other potentially contaminated areas. The 11 known areas
are: Industrial Landfill, Bay Fill Area, Oil Reclamation Ponds, Scrap Yard, Old Transformer
Storage Yard, Tank Farm, Sub-Base Area, Building 503 Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)
Spill, Pickling and Plate Yard, Battery and Electroplating Shop, and Building 521 Power
Plant. Additional potentially contaminated areas have been identified and will be evaluated
during the site study process. A Technical Review Committee was formed in 1988. Members
of the committee include representatives from the EPA, COMNAV-BASE San Francisco;
Treasure Island Naval Station; Western Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command;
California Department of Health Services; San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control
Board (SFWQCB); Bay Area Air Quality Management District; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of the Interior; and the City and County of
San Francisco. A technical assistance grant has been awarded to a community group for this
site; the group also is represented on the committee. A bottling company draws groundwater
from a spring approximately 1 mile from the site. Area surface waters are used for various
recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
197
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sediments, soil, and surface water are contaminated with fuels,
heavy metals, PCBs, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil also contains
asbestos. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated soils, sediments, surface water, or groundwater may face a health
risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988 and 1989, the Navy removed abandoned hazardous
materials and industrial wastes including lead-based paint, flammables, corrosives,
poisons, and waste oil from PCB transformers. Approximately 1,500 drums of
these materials were collected, tested, packaged, labeled, and disposed of. PCB-bearing
transformers, drums, and contaminated soil were removed from the site. In 1990,
approximately 226,000 square feet of asbestos-contaminated materials were removed from 24
areas on the site. Additional removal actions also have been proposed for the pickling and
plate yard and the tank farm. A treatment program is being considered for the sandblast grid.
These proposed remedies are expected to be implemented in 1993.
Entire Site: The need for additional cleanup actions at several site locations is
being evaluated. At the conclusion of these investigations, expected in 1993,
recommendations for interim cleanup of these areas will be made. At the
conclusion of the site-wide investigation, expected in 1995, recommendations for the cleanup
of the entire site will be made.
Site Facts: Treasure Island Naval Station-Hunters Point Annex is participating in the
Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department
of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous
contaminants at military and other DOD facilities. A Federal Facilities Agreement, which will
govern the site cleanup process, was signed September 28, 1990. This site is being closed
under the Base Realignment and Closure Act. Additionally, 1990 federal legislation requires
the Navy to lease the site to the City of San Francisco. Negotiations on the implementation
of this requirement should be concluded by mid-1993.
March 1992 198 TREASURE ISLAND NAVAL STATION-
HUNTERS POINT ANNEX
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Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous materials, drums, transformers, and contaminated soil has reduced
the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Treasure Island Naval Station-
Hunters Point Annex site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being
planned.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
TREASURE ISLAND NAVAL STATION-
HUNTERS POINT ANNEX
199
March 1992
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TRW MICROWA'
INC. (BUILDING
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD009159088
Site Description
825)
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Other Names:
rtech Industries
FEI
The TRW Microwave, Inc. (Building 825) site neighbors three other NPL sites: Signetics,
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and AMD #915. A groundwater plume from the four sites
covers 1/3 square mile in Sunnyvale. The TRW facility was occupied by Aertech Industries
from 1968 until it was sold to TRW, Inc. in 1984. In 1987, TRW sold the facility to FEI
Microwave, Inc., its current occupant. The primary activity at the site was assembling and
testing microwave components, until semiconductor processing began in 1970. Primarily
solvents and small quantities of acids are used in the assembly areas for semiconductors.
Solvents, acids, and heavy metals are used in the fabrication areas and plating shop. The
paint shop uses paints and solvents. Groundwater beneath the site is contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Acid rinse water generated by the assembly processes is
neutralized on site and is discharged to the City of Sunnyvale sewer system. However, rinse
water containing metals is not sent to the neutralizers; it is collected in containers and
disposed of off site. An underground ammonia gas acid neutralization system was installed
when the facility first opened. Floor drains and acid sinks in the plating shop were connected
to buried plumbing that carried acid waste to the neutralization system. This system was
closed in 1986, and the underground piping was sealed. The system was replaced with three
aboveground tanks. Spent solvents were stored in one of four on-site underground tanks.
Since 1983, solvents have been stored in drums and transported off site. The closest residence
is located 1,200 feet north of the site. Contaminants from the site have the potential to
migrate to deep drinking water aquifers. Municipal wells for the Cities of Santa Clara and
Mountain View tap a deep aquifer that serves approximately 300,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain various VOCs. People who accidentally ingest or
come in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soils may be at risk. The
deep aquifer, used as a drinking water source, is not contaminated; however, the
shallow aquifer is contaminated. There are some agricultural wells that could act as
conduits between the shallow contaminated aquifer and the deep aquifer.
200
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Four spent solvent underground tanks, along with some soil,
were removed in 1973, 1976, 1980, and 1983. In 1984, 120 cubic yards of
contaminated soils were excavated and transported to a Federally approved
hazardous waste facility. The site was backfilled to the surface with gravel, and concrete was
poured over the gravel to prevent rainwater from seeping into the pit. This water extraction
pit is part of an eight-well groundwater extraction system operated by TRW. Since 1985,
groundwater has been pumped from seven on-site extraction wells and the pit to prevent
VOCs from migrating off site and to extract the groundwater for cleanup. On-site
groundwater is treated by an air stripper and then discharged to Calabasas Creek. In
addition, groundwater has been pumped from a total of 24 off-site extraction wells and
conveyed through an underground piping system to the air strippers located at the AMD
#915 site. Approximately 20 percent of the water is treated and then discharged to a storm
drain which empties into the Calabasas Creek. The remainder is used as process water by
AMD #915.
Entire Site: In 1989, TRW, under State monitoring, began investigating the type
and extent of contamination remaining on the site. TRW completed the
investigation in early 1991. The final cleanup remedy selected in late 1991, was the
continuation of groundwater extraction and air stripping, which is ongoing.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued an order requiring AMD, Signetics, and TRW to
develop a joint plan to prevent further migration of contaminants. New orders in 1989
required TRW to submit an investigation and proposed cleanup plan with AMD and
Signetics.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the TRW Microwave, Inc. (Building 825) site while groundwater
continues to be treated.
Site Repository
Sunnyvale Public Library, 66 West Olive Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086
TRW MICROWAVE, INC. (BUILDING 825) 201 March 1992
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UNITED NEC
CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981436363
Site Description
REGION 9
Contra Costa County
Richmond
Other Names:
Levin Richmond/Parr Canal Site
From 1948 through 1965, several companies leased the United Heckathorn Co. site, on the
northern 4 1/2 acres of the Levin-Richmond Terminal Corporation's property, to process
chemicals. Site owners included Parr Industrial Corporation (1947-1961), Parr Richmond
Terminal Corporation (1961 to 1981), and Levin-Richmond Terminal Corporation (1981 to
the present). In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Universal Pigment and Chemical Company
produced napalm on site. From 1958 to 1965, Montrose Chemical Corporation contracted
with United Heckathorn, United Chemetrics, and ChemWest for pesticide-grinding services.
United Heckathorn was the last company to formulate pesticides at this site. The California
Department of Fish and Game has recorded several instances of chemicals being discharged
into the Lauritzen Canal, including naphthenic acid in 1951 and the pesticide DDT in 1960.
In 1980, the State found elevated levels of pesticides in the soil. In 1988, the EPA detected
DDT in the air at numerous locations on and off site. The site is adjacent to the Lauritzen
Canal. The canal is on the Richmond Inner Harbor, which is on the San Francisco Bay. The
Harbor is used for recreational and commercial fishing and shellfish harvesting. A coastal
wetland is less than 1/2 mile from the site. Approximately 10,900 people live within 1 mile of
the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 03/14/90
Threats and Contaminants
"NTV-
Air contains various pesticides. Sediments in the Lauritzen Canal and soils are
contaminated with pesticides. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct
contact with contaminated soils or sediments may be at risk. Contaminants in the
wetlands or other bodies of water may harm wildlife in or around the water.
People who ingest contaminated shellfish also may be at risk. Results of the State
of California Mussel Watch Program show that the highest levels of DDT and
dieldrin bioaccumulation in fish across the State occur in the waters at this site.
202
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under a Unilateral Order issued by the EPA in September
1990, the potentially responsible parties removed approximately 2,500 cubic yards
of pesticide residue and contaminated soil from the shoreline. The residue
contained high quantities of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin. The action was completed in
1991.
Entire Site: The EPA is investigating the site to determine the extent of
contamination and to identify remaining cleanup actions needed at this site. Once
these studies are completed, expected in 1994, the EPA will select a final cleanup
strategy to address site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils has reduced the potential for exposure to pesticide
contaminants from the United Heckathorn Co. site while investigations are taking place and
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Richmond Public Library, 325 Civic Center Plaza, Richmond, CA 94804
UNITED HECKATHORN CO.
203
March 1992
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VALLEY WO
PRESERVING,
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD063020143
EPA REGION 9
Stanislaus County
1/2 miles southwest of Turlock
Site Description
The 13-acre Valley Wood Preserving, Inc. site was in operation from 1973 until the County
revoked the company's license in 1979. The wood preserving process involved pressure
treating lumber with an aqueous chromated copper arsenate (CCA) solution. This solution
was mixed in an aboveground tank near the site boundary and was stored in three adjacent
aboveground tanks. Water was piped to the mixing tanks from a well. After the treatment
cycle, the wood-treatment solution was drained into sumps and was pumped back to the
mixing tank for reuse. The areas around the treatment cylinders and storage tanks were
unpaved during the first two years of operation. Asphalt paving now covers areas where
treated wood was once stored on the ground. Paved areas were added from 1975 to 1978 as
the plant increased production. In 1979, the California Regional Water Quality Control
Board (CRWQCB) identified toxic wood-treating chemicals in an on-site storage pond,
monitoring wells, and on- and off-site soils. Approximately 34,000 people live within 3 miles of
the site. The City of Turlock municipal wells, which draw water from an aquifer underlying
the site, serve 26,200 people within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sludge, and soil contain chromium, arsenic, and copper. The upper
aquifer is contaminated. Private and irrigation wells draw water from the upper
aquifer. People who accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater or soil may suffer adverse health effects.
204
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: After closing the site, the company excavated and
disposed of approximately 1,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil. During initial
groundwater cleanup from 1979 to 1983, approximately 70,000,000 gallons of
chromium-contaminated groundwater were extracted. The groundwater was treated by an
electrochemical treatment process and then discharged to paved depressions for evaporation.
The purpose of this action was to retard plume movement and to protect domestic wells
downgradient from the site. Additionally, Valley Wood Preserving removed sludge from the
tank that would be used to hold water from pumping for testing; drilled several wells,
originally used for monitoring, and now used for groundwater extraction; removed
underground storage tanks; and drilled three deep wells as an alternate source of drinking
water for three homes.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties conducted an investigation to
determine the type and extent of contamination on the site. In 1991, the EPA
selected remedies to address soil and groundwater contamination at the site. The
major components of the selected remedies are continued extraction of contaminated
groundwater followed by electrochemical treatment and alumina adsorption. The treated
groundwater will be reinjected. Contaminated soils will be treated by chemical fixation,
followed by on-site disposal. The EPA currently is designing the selected remedies. It has not
yet been determined who will conduct actual cleanup activities at the site. The design phase is
scheduled for completion in mid-1993. The potentially responsible parties continue to extract
and treat groundwater in accordance with the 1989 Consent Order.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA and Valley Wood Preserving entered into a Consent Order
which required the company to conduct emergency actions including the on-site removal and
treatment of contaminated groundwater. In 1990, Valley Wood Preserving and the EPA
entered into a Consent Order, requiring the company to conduct an investigation of the site.
Environmental Progress
Removing tanks and contaminated soil, extracting and treating groundwater, and providing an
alternate water supply have reduced the potential for exposure to site contaminants at the
Valley Wood Preserving, Inc. site. Final remedies have been selected for contaminated
groundwater and soils. The EPA currently is designing these selected remedies.
VALLEY WOOD PRESERVING, INC. 205 March 1992
-------
Site Repository
Stanislaus County Library, Turlock Branch, 550 Minaret Avenue, Turlock, CA 95380
March 1992
206
VALLEY WOOD PRESERVING, INC.
-------
WASTE DISP
INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980884357
EPA REGION 9
Los Angeles County
Santa Fe Springs
Site Description
The 40-acre Waste Disposal, Inc. site contains a concrete-lined pond, oil sumps, and a solid
waste landfill. The company operated the facility from 1928 to 1965. The facility was licensed
by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) to accept acetylene
sludge, brewery residue, and fluids from cesspool operations. It also was licensed by the Los
Angeles County Engineer to accept rotary drilling muds, construction debris, and oil field
sump sludges. The 15,000 residents of Santa Fe Springs obtain drinking water from wells
within 3 miles of the site. The closest residence is within 50 yards of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs)
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Most of the contamination has been
detected in subsurface soils, which are covered with relatively clean fill. However,
people may be exposed to potential health hazards by accidentally ingesting or
coming into direct contact with contaminants in the soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
207
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Action: A fence was erected around the site in 1988 by the EPA to
prevent direct contact with site contaminants.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA began a study to determine the nature and extent
of contamination at the site and to identify possible long-term cleanup actions.
The investigation is in the final stages and is scheduled for completion in 1993,
after which a recommendation for the final cleanup method will be made.
Environmental Progress
Fencing the site has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Waste
Disposal, Inc. site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Santa Fe Springs City Library, 11700 East Telegraph Road, Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670
March 1992
208
WASTE DISPOSAL, INC.
-------
WATKINS-JOHNS
COMPANY (STEW
DIVISION)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980893234
Site Description
EPA REGION 9
Santa Cruz County
Scotts Valley
The plant on the 3-acre Watkins-Johnson Company (Stewart Division) site began to
manufacture industrial furnaces and electrical parts in 1963. The California Regional Water
Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) and Watkins-Johnson detected volatile organic chemicals
(VOCs) in the on-site soil and groundwater in 1984. The contamination probably resulted
from improper handling of hazardous waste generated during plant operations. Access to the
site is limited to employees by a fence and controlled gate. Approximately 10,600 people
living within a 3-mile radius of the site obtain their drinking water entirely from groundwater
sources.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various VOCs. On-site workers could
be exposed to contaminants through direct contact with or accidental ingestion of
contaminated soils or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
209
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In response to a Cleanup and Abatement Order from the
CRWQCB, the Watkins-Johnson Company began an interim program to pump
and treat contaminated groundwater in 1986. Current groundwater monitoring
data show that the extraction network has successfully stopped the migration of the VOC
plume.
Entire Site: The remedy selected by the EPA in 1990 includes: installing a soil
vapor extraction system; installing a groundwater extraction and treatment system;
treating the extracted groundwater with granular activated carbon and discharging
the treated groundwater into nearby Bean Creek; and monitoring the groundwater and soil.
The parties potentially responsible for site contamination have begun designing these
remedies, scheduled to be completed in mid-1993.
Environmental Progress
Pumping and treating contaminated groundwater has reduced threats posed to the nearby
population while final cleanup activities are being designed.
Site Repository
Santa Cruz City-County Library, Scotts Valley Branch, 230-D Mount Hermon Road,
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
March 1992
210
WATKINS-JOHNSON COMPANY
(STEWART DIVISION)
-------
WESTERN PA
RAILROAD C
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894679'
EPA REGION 9
Butte County
2 miles south of Oroville
Other Names:
Western Pacific Railroad
Roundhouse Facility and Yard
Site Description
The 90-acre Western Pacific Railroad Co. site near Oroville operated as a rail yard from
1920 until 1982. A wooden structure known as the roundhouse was used to fuel, repair,
service, and clean rail cars. Specific activities included sandblasting, welding, cutting, and
fabricating. As a result of these activities, waste solvents, oils, grease, and wastewaters
containing heavy metals were discharged to an unlined surface impoundment until 1987. This
impoundment was cleaned up by the current owner, Union Pacific, in 1989 in response to an
order issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board. A concrete tank
containing an unknown oily-like substance also was located on site. Waste oil and grease-
contaminated soil piles are located adjacent to the site. Four California Water Service
Company wells are located within 3 miles of the site. Water from the wells is blended with
water from the Feather River to serve the company's 10,000 customers. One of the wells is
on the site and leased to Western Pacific. The Feather River is located 1 mile from the site
in the direction of surface water runoff and is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on site is contaminated with chromium and various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The surface impoundment was contaminated with heavy
metals including arsenic, lead, and chromium. Potential health threats to people
include drinking or accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater or soil.
211
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under State supervision, soils and sludges associated with
the surface impoundment were removed and transported to Utah, where they
were recycled into asphalt road base. The two 30-gallon concrete sumps were
closed, and soil samples collected from the surrounding area at the sumps revealed no
contamination. The underground oil/waste separator was emptied and backfilled with clean
soil. The underground storage tank was removed.
Entire Site: The State recently performed a site inspection to verify whether
there was any potential for exposure to contaminants. Based on the results of the
investigation, it has been determined that the assumed source of contamination
has been eliminated. Contaminated soils in the fueling area and adjacent to the abandoned
oil/water separator currently are being characterized. Quarterly groundwater monitoring by
the State still is being conducted to determine the need for additional cleanup activities.
Site Facts: In 1989, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order to Union Pacific and
Solano Railcar, the potentially responsible parties, requiring them to sample abandoned water
supply wells to determine the best way to seal them, to install a water separator to collect
runoff from locomotives, and to install equipment to prevent runoff.
Environmental Progress
The removal of soils and sludges has virtually eliminated the sources of contamination. The
EPA and the State will continue to assess the site to determine if other sources of
contamination exist at the Western Pacific Railroad Co. site.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
March 1992 212 WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO.
-------
WESTINGHOUSE
ELECTRIC CORP.
(SUNNYVALE PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD001864081
EPA REGION 9
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Site Description
The 75-acre Westinghouse Electric Corp. (Sunnyvale Plant) site formerly was used to
manufacture electrical transformers and currently is used to manufacture steam generators,
marine propulsion systems, and missile launching systems for the Department of Defense.
Groundwater contamination is believed to have resulted from a leaking polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) storage tank and from localized spills. This is one of 28 sites in the South
Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals,
primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater
basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine
cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination.
Most of the contaminated areas on site have been removed or have been paved over. Access
to the site is restricted. Approximately 710,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The
nearest residence is located adjacent to the site. Approximately 300,000 people depend on
groundwater within 3 miles of the site for their drinking water supply. There are no private
wells within the vicinity of the site; however, area municipal wells are located within 1/4 mile
of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with PCBs, fuels, and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Potential health threats to area residents include accidentally
ingesting or coming into direct contact with site contaminants.
213
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Westinghouse removed contaminated soils in 1984 and
1985, and a gasoline tank in 1986.
Entire Site: Westinghouse completed an investigation into the nature and extent
of contamination at the site in 1991. The EPA selected the following remedies to
address groundwater and soil contamination: extracting and treating groundwater;
conducting off-site incineration of soil contaminants; and implementing land-use restrictions
at the site. The company, under EPA monitoring, is developing the detailed specification for
the groundwater and soil remediation plans. Once these are completed, expected in early
1994, the construction and operation of actual cleanup will begin.
Site Facts: In 1984 and 1985, the State issued Waste Discharge Requirements to
Westinghouse, requiring the company to conduct interim cleanup measures and to investigate
the nature and extent of contamination at the site. In 1988, Westinghouse entered into an
agreement to investigate the contamination problems at the site and to evaluate potential
cleanup options. In 1992, Westinghouse entered into an agreement with the EPA to develop
a detailed design of the cleanup activities. This detailed design will be used to construct the
groundwater and soil cleanup remedies.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and a gasoline tank has reduced the potential for exposure
to contaminated materials at the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (Sunnyvale Plant) site while
long-term cleanup remedies are being designed.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 214 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP.
(SUNNYVALE PLANT)
-------
WESTMINSTER
#2633
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID#CAD981995947
EPA REGION 9
Orange County
Westminster
Other Names:
Murdy Dairy Farm
alph Gray Trucking Company,
Westminster
Site Description
Local records show that in 1936 the Ralph Gray Trucking Company deposited petroleum
refinery wastes in four open pits on the 23 acre site. When the area was developed for
housing in the late 1950s, two trenches were dug in what was to be the backyards of the
homes under construction. A tarry residue from the open pits was excavated and buried in
the trenches. After the homes were built, residents complained of sulphur-like odors; black
tar-like seeps worked their way to the surface and were found on lawns, patios, and in
swimming pools. In 1986 the California Department of Health Services (DHS) initiated an
investigation of the problem and began a removal program to end the seeps. In early 1992, at
the request of the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, the EPA assumed
lead responsibility for the site. About 25 to 30 homes have the waste material buried in their
backyards. A shallow aquifer lies beneath the site as well as a lower aquifer approximately
130 feet below the ground surface. There is no known connection between the two. The
lower aquifer is the drinking water source of an estimated 67,600 people living within 4 miles
of the site. The closest well to the site is less than 1/4 mile away. Within 4 miles of the site is
the Seal Beach Natural Wildlife Refuge, which includes wetlands, and is the habitat for two
endangered species. Commercial fishing takes place in the Pacific Ocean within 10 miles of
the refuge.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 07/29/91
Threats and Contaminants
The waste material in the seeps is rich in petroleum hydrocarbons and includes
both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nonvolatile polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), sulfuric acid, sulfur and sulfate. Carcinogens identified in
the seeps include benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene. Potential health
threats include inhaling chemical vapors from surface seeps, touching or ingesting
contaminated soil or waste material, or eating fruits and vegetables grown in the
contaminated areas.
215
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of soil and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Surface seeps and exposed waste material are removed
periodically by the California DHS and portions of the site have been fenced. In
some areas, exposed waste material and contaminated soil have been covered
with vapor barriers and clean soil to reduce air emissions and wind erosion of contaminated
material.
Soil: An investigation is underway to determine if the waste material can be
excavated and removed safely. This investigation also will identify any soil
contamination that remains at the location of the original disposal pits. The EPA
is expected to complete this investigation in early 1993.
Groundwater: The EPA has initiated an investigation to determine if any
groundwater contamination exists at the site. A public health assessment was
completed in mid-1992.
Environmental Progress
Air-borne contamination and air emissions have been reduced by removing surface seeps and
exposed waste on a regular basis, and by covering some areas with vapor barriers and clean
soil. These actions have made the site safer while long-term cleanup activities are being
planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 216 WESTMINSTER TRACT #2633
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PEARL HARBOR) "1222219
NAVAL COMPLEX *
HAWAII
EPA ID#HI2170024341
Site Description
The Pearl Harbor Naval Complex, 6,300 acres in size, consists of six facilities: the Naval
Shipyard, the Naval Supply Center, the Naval Station, the Naval Submarine Base, the Public
Works Center, and Inactive Ships. After being attacked by the Japanese in 1941, this naval
complex became a center of industrial activity. By mid-1943 the civilian population had
reached 24,000 people. At the end of the war, activity declined and has since fluctuated with
the Navy's requirements. Since 1983, 31 potential sources of hazardous waste contamination
within six facilities have been identified, including unlined landfills, pesticide disposal pits,
chromic acid disposal areas, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposal areas, mercury-
contaminated harbor sediments, leaking underground solvent tanks, and waste oil facilities.
Six of these potential sources have been evaluated to date. The National Wildlife Refuge,
which consists of wetlands and provides a habitat for four endangered species, borders the
site by a Navy landfill. Pearl Harbor and nearby portions of the Pacific Ocean contain
recreational and commercial fisheries, habitats for endangered species, wetlands, and
water-contact recreational areas. Land around the complex supports agriculture; aquaculture;
and industrial, urban, and commercial uses.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 07/28/91
Threats and Contaminants
Hazardous substances were found in the soil at 35 areas in the complex. These
contaminants include mercury, chromium, PCBs, pesticides, and other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). The migration of contaminants into groundwater is
facilitated by the permeability of soils beneath the site. Contamination was
detected in sediment samples taken from the National Wildlife Refuge in 1988.
There is a potential for VOC-contaminated gases to be released to the air.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in one long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Navy is planning an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the entire site. This investigation is scheduled to begin in 1993
and will identify alternatives for cleanup of the site.
Site Facts: The Pearl Harbor Naval Complex is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program (IRP), a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense
(DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants
at military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Preliminary investigations have indicated that no immediate threats currently exist at the
Pearl Harbor Naval Complex site while further investigations into the nature of site
contamination are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 2 PEARL HARBOR NAVAL COMPLEX
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SCHOFIELD
BARRACKS
HAWAII
EPA ID# HI7210090026
EPA REGION 9
Oahu County
Wahiawa, Oahu
Site Description
The 17,725-acre Schofield Barracks site was established in 1908 to provide a base for the
Army's mobile defense of Pearl Harbor and the entire island. Industrial operations involved
maintenance, repair, painting, and degreasing, all of which required using various organic
solvents. In 1985, the Hawaii Department of Health informed the Army that high levels of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contaminated wells that supply drinking water to 25,000
people at Schofield Barracks. In 1986, the Army began removing the contaminants from the
water by using an air stripping facility. Most of the area around the barracks is rain forest.
Approximately 55,000 people in Wahiawa and Mililani obtain drinking water from public wells
within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. Three miles downstream of the base,
Wahiawa Reservoir is used to irrigate 3,000 acres of pineapple fields. The reservoir also is
used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains trichloroethylene (TCE). People who drink or come in
direct contact with contaminated groundwater may suffer adverse health effects.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of suspected TCE sources, groundwater, non-TCE sources, and
the landfills.
March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the Army installed a groundwater treatment
system on four existing production wells to remove or reduce concentrations of
TCE in the drinking water used at the base. The State has been monitoring the
groundwater since the contamination was discovered.
Suspected TCE Sources: The Army initiated a thorough investigation of
suspected TCE sources in late 1991. Based on the results of the investigation, a
remedy will be chosen to address these sources of contamination.
Groundwater: A study of the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at
the site began in late 1991. At its conclusion, techniques for cleaning up any
contamination will be chosen.
Non-TCE Sources: In late 1991, the Army began a study of contamination from
sources other than the TCE problem areas. Recommended cleanup actions will be
provided.
Landfills: In late 1991, the Army began a study of the presence of landfill gases
and the nature and extent of contamination of the soils and groundwater.
Site Facts: Schofield Barracks is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities. A Federal Facilities Agreement between the EPA and the Army was
signed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated
materials at the Schofield Barracks site while studies continue and cleanup activities are being
planned.
Site Repository
Contact the Region 9 Superfund Community Relations Office.
March 1992 4 SCHOFIELD BARRACKS
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GLOSSARY
Terms Used in the NPL Book
This glossary defines terms used throughout the NPL Volumes. The terms and
abbreviations contained in this glossary apply specifically to work performed
under the Superfund program in the context of hazardous waste management. These
terms may have other meanings when used in a different context. A table of common
toxic chemicals found at NPL sites, their sources, and their potential threats is located
on page G-15
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0), that are used in chemical manu-
facturing. Acids in high concentration can be
very corrosive and react with many inorganic
and organic substances. These reactions possi-
bly may create toxic compounds or release
heavy metal contaminants that remain in the
environment long after the acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A
legal and enforceable agreement between the
EPA and the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination. Under the terms of the
Order, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules,
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government; it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA,
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally, the
EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for site
studies). This type of Order is not signed by the
PRPs and does not require approval by a judge.
Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown
of contaminants in soil or water by exposing
them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry (ATSDR): The Federal
agency within the U.S. Public Health Service
charged with carrying out the health-related
responsibilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of air
through the contaminated material in a pressur-
ized vessel. The contaminants are evaporated
into the air stream. The air may be further
treated before it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Any unconfined part of the
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of
contaminated air sources.
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate
Requirements (ARARs): Federal, State, or
local laws which apply to Superfund activities at
NPL sites. Both emergency and long-term
actions must comply with these laws or provide
sound reasons for allowing a waiver. ARARs
must be identified for each site relative to the
characteristics of the site, the substances found
at the site, or the cleanup alternatives being
considered for the site.
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GLOSSARY
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock, sand,
or gravel capable of storing water within cracks
and pore spaces, or between grains. When
water contained within an aquifer is of sufficient
quantity and quality, it can be tapped and used
for drinking or other purposes. The water
contained in the aquifer is called groundwater.
A "sole source aquifer" supplies 50 percent or
more of the drinking water of an area.
Artesian (Well): A well made by drilling into
the earth until water is reached, which, due to
internal pressure, flows up like a fountain.
Asbestos: A mineral fiber that can pollute air
or water and is known to cause cancer or
asbestosis when inhaled.
Attenuation: The naturally occurring process
by which a compound is reduced in concentra-
tion over time through adsorption, degradation,
dilution, or transformation.
Background Level: The amount of a sub-
stance typically found in the air, water, or soil
from natural, as opposed to human, sources.
Baghouse Dust: Dust accumulated in
removing particulates from the air by passing it
through cloth bags in an enclosure.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH
(greater than 7.0), which tend to be corrosive in
chemical reactions. When bases are mixed with
acids, they neutralize each other, forming salts.
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth used
to prevent the migration of contaminants.
Bioaccumulate: The process by which some
contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living
tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people, as they
breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated
water, or eat contaminated food.
Biological Treatment: The use of bacteria
or other microbial organisms to break down
toxic organic materials into carbon dioxide and
water.
Bioremediation: A cleanup process using
naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants and
break them down into non-hazardous compo-
nents.
Bog: A type of wetland that is covered with
peat moss deposits. Bogs depend primarily on
moisture from the air for their water source, are
usually acidic, and are rich in plant residue [see
Wetland].
Boom: A floating device used to contain oil
floating on a body of water or to restrict the
potential overflow of waste liquids from
containment structures.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into the
ground and used to sample soil or ground-water.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil,
sand, or gravel has been dug up for use else-
where.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a
synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated
materials. The surface of the cap generally is
mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in
which contaminants acre removed from ground-
water and surface water by forcing water
through tanks containing activated carbon, a
specially treated material that attracts and holds
or retains contaminants.
Carbon Disulfide: A degreasing agent
formerly used extensively for parts washing.
This compound has both inorganic and organic
G-2
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GLOSSARY
properties, which increase cleaning efficiency.
However, these properties also cause chemical
reactions that increase the hazard to human
health and the environment.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion].
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series of
holes in a landfill where waste is dumped,
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt.
CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation, and Liability Act].
Characterization: The sampling, monitoring,
and analysis of a site to determine the extent and
nature of toxic releases. Characterization
provides the basis for acquiring the necessary
technical information to develop, screen, ana-
lyze, and select appropriate cleanup techniques.
Chemical Fixation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the poten-
tial for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic
and water-soluble, making it a relatively mobile
contaminant in the environment
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a release
or threat of release of a hazardous substance.
The term "cleanup" sometimes is used inter-
changeably with the terms remedial action,
removal action, response action, or corrective
action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill stops
accepting wastes and is shut down under Federal
guidelines that ensure the protection of the
public and the environment.
Comment Period: A specific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period is
provided when the EPA proposes to add sites to
the NPL. Also, there is minimum 3-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed to
clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communication
with the public. The goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related actions,
assuring public input into decision-making
processes related to affected communities, and
making certain that the Agency is aware of, and
responsive to, public concerns. Specific com-
munity relations activities are required in
relation to Superfund cleanup actions [see
Comment Period].
Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA, known as Superfund, in 19X0 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment. The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come together.
Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which
groundwater is confined under pressure that is
significantly greater than atmospheric pressure.
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GLOSSARY
Consent Decree: A legal document, ap-
proved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between the EPA and the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the
potentially responsible parties are required to
perform, or the costs incurred by the govern-
ment that the parties will reimburse, and the
roles, responsibilities, and enforcement options
that the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. If a settlement between the EPA and a
potentially responsible party includes cleanup
actions, it must be in the form of a Consent
Decree. A Consent Decree is subject to a public
comment period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order
on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or
containing hazardous substances in a structure,
typically in a pond or a lagoon, to prevent the
migration of contaminants into the environment.
Contaminant: Any physical, chemical,
biological, or radiological material or substance
whose quantity, location, or nature produces
undesirable health or environmental effects.
Contingency Plan: A document setting
out an organized, planned, and coordinated
course of action to be followed in case of a
fire, explosion, or other accident that releases
toxic chemicals, hazardous wastes, or radioac-
tive materials into the environment.
Cooperative Agreement: A contract
between the EPA and the States, wherein a State
agrees to manage or monitor certain site cleanup
responsibilities and other activities on a cost-
sharing basis.
Cost Recovery: A legal process by which
potentially responsible parties can be required
to pay back the Superfund program for money
it spends on any cleanup actions [see Poten-
tially Responsible Parties].
Cover: Vegetation or other material placed
over a landfill or other waste material. It can
be designed to reduce movement of water into
the waste and to prevent erosion that could
cause the movement of contaminants.
Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood pre-
serving operations and produced by distilla-
tion of tar, including polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons [see PAHs and PNAs]. Con-
taminating sediments, soils, and surface
water, creosotes may cause skin ulcerations
and cancer through prolonged exposure.
Culvert: A pipe used for drainage under a
road, railroad track, path, or through an embank-
ment.
Decommission: To revoke a license to
operate and take out of service.
Degradation: The process by which a chemi-
cal is reduced to a less complex form.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes,
soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
Deletion: A site is eligible for deletion from
the NPL when Superfund response actions at the
site are complete. A site is deleted from the
NPL when a notice is published in the Federal
Register.
De minimis: This legal phrase pertains to
settlements with parties who contributed small
amounts of hazardous waste to a site. This
process allows the EPA to settle with small, or
de minimis contributors, as a single group rather
than as individuals, saving time, money, and
effort.
Dewater: To remove water from wastes, soils,
or chemicals.
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GLOSSARY
Dike: A low wall that can act as a barrier to
prevent a spill from spreading.
Dioxin: An organic chemical by-product of
pesticide manufacture which is known to be one
of the most toxic man-made chemicals.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals; polluted
soils; and drums containing hazardous materials.
Disposal may be accomplished through the use
of approved secure landfills, surface impound-
ments, land farming, deep well injection, or
incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydrologic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgradi-
ent of a contaminated groundwater source are
prone to receiving pollutants.
Ecological Assessment: A study of the
impact of man-made or natural activity on living
creatures and their environment
Effluent: Wastewater, treated or untreated,
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and
surface areas of commercial or industrial facili-
ties.
Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix; e.g., oil and
water.
Endangerment Assessment: A study
conducted to determine the risks posed to public
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to direct
the potentially responsible parties to clean up a
site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment
assessment supplements an investigation of the
site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA, State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements; to compel compliance with laws,
rules, regulations, or agreements; or to obtain
penalties or criminal sanctions for violations.
Enforcement procedures may vary, depending
on the specific requirements of different
environmental laws and related regulatory
requirements. Under CERCLA, for example,
the EPA will seek to require potentially
responsible parties to clean up a Superfund
site or pay for the cleanup [see Cost Recov-
ery].
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out.
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as the
remedial investigation is underway. In this
volume, the feasibility study is referred to as a
site study [see also Remedial Investigation].
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GLOSSARY
Filtration: A treatment process for remov-
ing solid (participate) matter from water by
passing the water through sand, activated
carbon, or a man-made filter. The process is
often used to remove particles that contain
contaminants.
Flood Plain: An area along a river, formed
from sediment deposited by floods. Flood
, plains periodically are innundated by natural
floods, which can spread contamination.
Flue Gas: The air that is emitted from a
chimney after combustion in the burner
occurs. The gas can include nitrogen oxides,
carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides,
particles, and many chemical pollutants.
Fly Ash: Non-combustible residue that results
from the combustion of flue gases. It can
include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water
vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many other
chemical pollutants.
French Drain System: A crushed rock drain
system constructed of perforated pipes, which is
used to drain and disperse wastewater.
Gasification (coal): The conversion of soft
coal into gas for use as a fuel.
General Notice Letter: [See Notice Letter].
Generator: A facility that emits pollutants
into the air or releases hazardous wastes into
water or soil.
Good Faith Offer: A voluntary offer, gener-
ally in response to a Special Notice letter, made
by a potentially responsible party, consisting of
a written proposal demonstrating a potentially
responsible party's qualifications and willing-
ness to perform a site study or cleanup.
Groundwater: Water that fills pores in soils
or openings in rocks to the point of saturation.
In aquifers, groundwater occurs in sufficient
quantities for use as drinking and irrigation
water and other purposes.
Groundwater Quality Assessment: The
process of analyzing the chemical characteris-
tics of groundwater to determine whether any
hazardous materials exist.
Halogens: Reactive non-metals, such as
chlorine and bromine. Halogens are very
good oxidizing agents and, therefore, have
many industrial uses. They are rarely found
by themselves; however, many chemicals
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
some volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and dioxin are reactive because of the pres-
ence of halogens.
Hazard Ranking System (HRS): The
principal screening tool used by the EPA to
evaluate relative risks to public health and the
environment associated with abandoned or
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The HRS
calculates a score based on the potential of
hazardous substances spreading from the site
through the air, surface water, or groundwater
and on other factors such as nearby popula-
tion. The HRS score is the primary factor in
deciding if the site should be on the NPL.
Hazardous Waste: By-products of society
that can pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health and the environment
when improperly managed. Hazardous waste
possesses at least one of four characteristics
(ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxic-
ity), or appears on special EPA lists.
Heavy Metals: Metallic elements with high
atomic weights, such as arsenic, lead, mercury,
and cadmium. Heavy metals are very hazardous
even at low concentrations and tend to accumu-
late in the food chain.
Herbicide: A chemical pesticide designed to
control or destroy plants, weeds, or grasses.
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GLOSSARY
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site contain-
ing exceptionally high levels of contamination.
Hydrocarbons: Chemical compounds that
consist entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrology: The properties, distribution, and
circulation of water.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater,
with particular emphasis on the chemistry and
moveinent of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by controlled
burning at high temperatures, e.g., burning
sludge to reduce the remaining residues to a
non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely
on land, in some waters, or in underground
locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or
other liquid down through soil from precipita-
tion (rain or snow) or from application of
wastewater to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant.
Injection Well: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical sub-
stances of mineral origin, not of basic carbon
structure.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 1978
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source from where a water supply
is drawn, such as from a river or water body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities,
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of the
agencies for performing and overseeing the
activities. States often are parties to interagency
agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in 1980, are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges,
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land or incor-
porate waste into the surface soil, such as
fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to the
smallest practical volume, and covered with soil
at the end of each operating day. Secure chemi-
cal landfills are disposal sites for hazardous
waste. They are designed to minimize the
chance of release of hazardous substances into
the environment [see Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act].
Leach, Leaching [v.t.J: The process by
which soluble chemical components are dis-
solved and carried through soil by water or
some other percolating liquid.
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GLOSSARY
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles through
or drains from waste, carrying soluble compo-
nents from the waste.
Leachate Collection System: A system
that gathers liquid that has leaked into a landfill
or other waste disposal area and pumps it to the
surface for treatment.
Liner: A relatively impermeable barrier
designed to prevent leachate (waste residue)
from leaking from a landfill. Liner materials
include plastic and dense clay.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct,
often incremental, steps that are taken to solve
site pollution problems. Depending on the
complexity, site cleanup activities can be
separated into several of these phases.
Long-term Response Action: An action
which requires a continuous period of on-site
activity before cleanup goals are achieved.
These actions typically include the extraction
and treatment of groundwater and monitoring
actions.
Marsh: A type of wetland that does not
contain peat moss deposits and is dominated by
vegetation. Marshes may be either fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetland].
Migration: The movement of oil, gas, con-
taminants, water, or other liquids through porous
and permeable soils or rock.
Mill Tailings: [See Mine Tailings].
Mine Tailings: A fine, sandy residue left from
mining operations. Tailings often contain high
concentrations of lead, uranium, and arsenic or
other heavy metals.
Mitigation: Actions taken to improve site
conditions by limiting, reducing, or controlling
toxicity and contamination sources.
Modeling: A technique using a mathematical
or physical representation of a system or theory
that tests the effects that changes on system
components have on the overall performance of
the system.
Monitoring Wells: Special wells drilled at
specific locations within, or surrounding, a
hazardous waste site where groundwater can be
sampled at selected depths and studied to obtain
such information as the direction in which
groundwater flows and the types and amounts of
contaminates present.
National Priorities List (NPL): The
EPA's list of the most serious uncontrolled or
abandoned hazardous waste sites identified
for possible long-term cleanup under Super-
fund. The EPA is required to update the NPL
at least once a year.
Natural Attenuation: [See Attenuation].
Neutrals: Organic compounds that have a
relatively neutral pH, complex structure and,
due to their organic bases, are easily absorbed
into the environment. Water is the most
commonly known neutral, however, naphtha-
lene, pyrene, and trichlorobenzene also are
examples of neutrals.
Nitroaromatics: Common components of
explosive materials, which will explode if
activated by very high temperatures or pres-
sures; 2,4,6-Trmitrotoluene (TNT) is a
nitroaromatic.
Notice Letter: A General Notice Letter
notifies the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination of their possible liability. A
Special Notice Letter begins a 60-day formal
period of negotiation during which the EPA is
not allowed to start work at a site or initiate
enforcement actions against potentially respon-
sible parties, although the EPA may undertake
certain investigatory and planning activities.
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GLOSSARY
The 60-day period may be extended if the EPA
receives a good faith offer from the PRPs
within that period. [See also Good Faith Offer].
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA, Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superfund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds:
Chemical substances containing mainly
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where wastewater is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic,
modified petrochemical that may be used as a
wood preservative because of its toxicity to
termites and fungi. It is a common component
of creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay or
rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Pesticide: A substance or mixture of sub-
stances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel any
pest. If misused, pesticides can accumulate in
the foodchain and contaminate the environment.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery operations
and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene, chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from
which volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
plastics, and many pesticides are made. These
chemical substances often are toxic to humans
and the environment.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in
plastics manufacturing and are by-products of
petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and
resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly poison-
ous.
Physical Chemical Separation: The
treatment process of adding a chemical to a
substance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal.
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to determine
its ability to clean up specific contaminants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow of
water, oil, or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The movement
of the groundwater is influenced by such factors
as local groundwater flow patterns, the character
of the aquifer in which groundwater is con-
tained, and the density of contaminants [see
Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature, location, or quantity
produces undesired health or environmental
effects.
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GLOSSARY
Poly cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):
PAHs, such as pyrene, are a group of highly
reactive organic compounds found in motor oil.
They are a common component of creosotes and
can cause cancer.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): A
group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications,
carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope immersion oils, and caulking
compounds. PCBs also are produced in certain
combustion processes. PCBs are extremely
persistent in the environment because they are
very stable, non-reactive, and highly heat
resistant. Chronic exposure to PCBs is believed
to cause liver damage. It also is known to
bioaccumulate in fatty tissues. PCB use and
sale was banned in 1979 with the passage of the
Toxic Substances Control Act
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and
biphenyls, are a group of highly reactive organic
compounds that are a common component of
creosotes, which can be carcinogenic.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A plastic made
from the gaseous substance vinyl chloride. PVC
is used to make pipes, records, raincoats, and
floor tiles. Health risks from high concentra-
tions of vinyl chloride include liver cancer and
lung cancer, as well as cancer of the lymphatic
and nervous systems.
Potable Water: Water that is safe for drink-
ing and cooking.
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs):
Parties associated with a Superfund site who
may be liable for the cost of remedying the
release of hazardous substances. This may
include owners or operators of the site or trans-
porters who disposed of materials at the site.
PRPs may admit liability, or liability may be
determined by a court of law. PRPs may sign a
Consent Decree or Administrative Order on
Consent to participate in the site cleanup without
admitting liability.
Precipitation: The removal of solids from
liquid waste so that the solid and liquid portions
can be disposed of safely; the removal of
particles from airborne emissions. Electro-
chemical precipitation is the use of an anode or
cathode to remove the hazardous chemicals.
Chemical precipitation involves the addition of
some substance to cause the solid portion to
separate.
Preliminary Assessment: The process of
collecting and reviewing available information
about a known or suspected waste site or release
to determine if a threat or potential threat exists.
Pump and Treat: A groundwater cleanup
technique involving the extracting of contami-
nated groundwater from the subsurface and the
removal of contaminants, using one of several
treatment technologies.
Radionuclides: Elements, including radium
and uranium-235 and -238, which break down
and produce radioactive substances due to their
unstable atomic structure. Some are man-made,
and others are naturally occurring in the envi-
ronment. Radon, the gaseous form of radium,
decays to form alpha particle radiation, which
cannot be absorbed through skin. However, it
can be inhaled, which allows alpha particles to
affect unprotected tissues directly and thus cause
cancer. Radiation also occurs naturally through
the breakdown of granite.
RCRA: [See Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act].
Recharge Area: A land area where rainwater
saturates the ground and soaks through the earth
to reach an aquifer.
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GLOSSARY
Record of Decision (ROD): A public
document that explains which cleanup
alternative(s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual con-
struction or implementation phase of a
Superfund site cleanup following the remedial
design [see Cleanup].
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth
study designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contamina-
tion at a Superfund site, establish the criteria
for cleaning up the site, identify the prelimi-
nary alternatives for cleanup actions, and
support the technical and cost analyses of the
alternatives. The remedial investigation is
usually done with the feasibility study. In this
volume, the remedial investigation is referred
to as a site study [see also Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at the site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed without
further cleanup activities, a "No Action"
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision].
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant re-
maining in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g.,
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or the particulates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubber.
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA): A Federal law that established
a regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons the
store waste.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contaminants
from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution control device
that uses a spray of water or reactant or a dry
process to trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters such
as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
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GLOSSARY
Seeps: Specific points where releases of
liquid, usually leachate, form from waste
disposal areas, particularly along the lower
edges of landfills.
Seepage Pits: A hole, shaft, or cavity in
the ground used for the storage of liquids,
usually in the form of leachate, from waste
disposal areas. The liquid gradually leaves
the pit by moving through the surrounding
soil.
Septage: Residue remaining in a septic tank
after the treatment process.
Sinkhole: A hollow depression in the land
surface in which drainage collects; associated
with underground caves and passages that
facilitate the movement of liquids.
Site Characterization: The technical pro-
cess used to evaluate the nature and extent of
environmental contamination, which is neces-
sary for choosing and designing cleanup mea-
sures and monitoring their effectiveness.
Site Inspection: The collection of informa-
tion from a hazardous waste site to determine
the extent and severity of hazards posed by the
site. It follows, and is more extensive than, a
preliminary assessment. The purpose is to
gather information necessary to score the site,
using the Hazard Ranking System, and to
determine if the site presents an immediate
threat that requires a prompt removal action.
Slag: The fused refuse or dross separated
from a metal in the process of smelting.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial
or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the flow
of contaminated groundwater or subsurface
liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by digging
a trench around a contaminated area and filling
the trench with an impermeable material that
prevents water from passing through it. The
groundwater or contaminated liquids trapped
within the area surrounded by the slurry wall
can be extracted and treated.
Smelter: A facility that melts or fuses ore,
often with an accompanying chemical change,
to separate the metal. Emissions from smelters
are known to cause pollution.
Soil Gas: Gaseous elements and compounds
that occur in the small spaces between par-
ticles of soil. Such gases can move through
or leave the soil or rock, depending on
changes in pressure.
Soil Vapor Extraction: A treatment
process that uses vacuum wells to remove
hazardous gases from soil.
Soil Washing: A water-based process for
mechanically scrubbing soils in-place to remove
undesirable materials. There are two ap-
proaches: dissolving or suspending them in the
wash solution for later treatment by conven-
tional methods, and concentrating them into a
smaller volume of soil through simple particle
size separation techniques [see Solvent Extrac-
tion].
Stabilization: The process of changing an
active substance into inert, harmless material,
or physical activities at a site that act to limit
the further spread of contamination without
actual reduction of toxicity.
Solidification/Stabilization: A chemical
or physical reduction of the mobility of
hazardous constituents. Mobility is reduced
through the binding of hazardous constituents
into a solid mass with low permeability and
resistance to leaching.
G-12
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GLOSSARY
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form a solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for degreasing, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges,
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorption: The action of soaking up or
attracting substances. It is used in many
pollution control systems.
Special Notice Letter: [See Notice Let-
ter].
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air Strip-
ping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal.
Superf und: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority to
respond directly to releases or threatened re-
leases of hazardous substances that may endan-
ger public health, welfare, or the environment
The "Superfund" is a trust fund that finances
cleanup actions at hazardous waste sites.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, including
liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetlands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soil.
Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater, soil, etc.,
to determine whether and how well the method
will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent.
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled,
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver [see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order].
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope;
demarks areas that are higher than contaminated
areas and, therefore, are not prone to contamina-
tion by the movement of polluted groundwater.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the soil
draws VOC-contaminated air from the soil
pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn down
from the surface of the soil.
G-13
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GLOSSARY
Vegetated Soil Cap: A cap constructed with
graded soils and seed for vegetative growth, to
prevent erosion [see Cap].
Vitrification: The process of electrically
melting wastes and soils or sludges to bind the
waste in a glassy, solid material more durable
than granite or marble and resistant to leaching.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
VOCs are manufactured as secondary petro-
chemicals. They include light alcohols, acetone,
trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride,
toluene, and methylene chloride. These poten-
tially toxic chemicals are used as solvents,
degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels. Because
of their volatile nature, they readily evaporate
into the air, increasing the potential exposure to
humans. Due to their low water solubility,
environmental persistence, and widespread
industrial use, they are commonly found in soil
and groundwater.
Waste Treatment Plant: A facility that
uses a series of tanks, screens, filters, and
other treatment processes to remove pollut-
ants from water.
Wastewater: The spent or used water from
individual homes or industries.
Watershed: The land area that drains into a
stream or other water body.
Water Table: The upper surface of the
groundwater.
Weir: A barrier to divert water or other liquids.
Wetland: An area that is regularly saturated
by surface or groundwater and, under normal
circumstances, is capable of supporting
vegetation typically adapted for life in satu-
rated soil conditions. Wetlands are critical to
sustaining many species of fish and wildlife.
Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes,
and bogs. Wetlands may be either coastal or
inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish
(a mixture of salt and fresh) water, and most
have tides, while inland wetlands are non-
tidal and freshwater. Coastal wetlands are an
integral component of estuaries.
Wildlife Refuge: An area designated for
the protection of wild animals, within which
hunting and fishing are either prohibited or
strictly controlled.
G-14
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GLOSSARY
Some Common Contaminants at NPL Sites
Contaminant
Category
Example
Sources
Potential Health
v.! • threats* !
[Heavy Metafe
; Volatile
Compounds
'
HedbfefclW
Creosotes,
Radiation
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper,
Chromium, Lead, Manga-
nese, Mercury, Nickel,
Silver, Selenium, Zinc
Trichloroethylene (TCE),
Perchloroethylene (PCE),
Acetone, Benzene,
Ketone, Methyl chloride,
Toluene, Vinyl Chloride,
Dichlorethylene
Chlordane, DDT 4-4, DDE,
Heptachlor, Aldrin, Endrin,
Atrazine, Dieldrin, Toxa-
phene
Polyaromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs), Polynuclear
aromatics (PNAs),
Phenolic Tars, Pentachlo-
rophenol (PGP)
Radium-226, Radon,
Uranium-235, Uranium-
238
Electroplating, batteries,
paint pigments, photogra-
phy, smelting, thermom-
eters, fluorescent lights,
solvent recovery
Solvents and degreasers,
gasoline octane enhanc-
ers, oils and paints, dry
cleaning fluids, chemical
manufacturing.
Agricultural applications,
pesticide and herbicide
production
Electric transformers and
capacitors, insulators and
coolants, adhesives,
caulking compounds,
carbonless copy paper,
hydraulic fluids.
Wood preserving, fossil
fuel combustion
Mine tailings, radium
products, natural decay of
granites
Tumors, cancers, and kidney,
brain, neurological, bone and
liver damage
Cancers, kidney and liver
damage, impairment of the
nervous system resulting in
sleepiness and headaches,
leukemia
Various effects ranging from
nausea to nervous disorders.
Dioxin is a common by-product
of the manufacture of pesti-
cides and is both highly toxic
and a suspected carcinogen.
Cancer and liver damage.
Cancers and skin ulcerations
with prolonged exposure
Cancer
Sources: Toxic Chemicals—What They Are, How They Affect You (EPA, Region 5)
Glossary of Environmental Terms (EPA, 1988)
"The potential for risk due to these contaminants is linked to a number of factors; for example, the length and level of exposure
and environmental and health factors such as age.
*U.S. G.P.O. .-1993-341-932:82654
G-15
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