xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(5102 G)
SUPERFUND:
EPA/540/R-93/009
December 1992
PB93-963210
Progress at
National
Priority
List Sites
FLORIDA
1992 UPDATE
PrintfU on Recycled Paper
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Publication #9200.5-71 OB
December 1992
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
Florida
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Emergency & Remedial Response
Office of Program Management
Washington, DC 20460 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12tn Fto
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
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If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes, contact:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 486-4650
The complete set of the 49 State reports may be ordered as PB93-963250.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
A Brief Overview of Superfund v
Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model ix
How Superfund Works x
THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book xi
A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
.XV
THE NPL REPORT
Progress to Date ...xix
THE NPL FACT SHEETS i
THE GLOSSARY
Terms used in the NPL Book G-l
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INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUPERFUND
During the second half of the Twentieth
Century, the environmental conse-
quences of more than 100 years of industrial-
ization in the United States became increas-
ingly clear. Authors such as Rachel Carson
wrote passionately about the often-hidden en-
vironmental effects of our modern society's
widespread use of chemicals and other haz-
ardous materials. Their audience was small at
first, but gradually their message spread.
Growing concern turned to action, as people
learned more about the environment and be-
gan to act on their knowledge
The 1970s saw environmental issues burst
onto the national scene and take hold in the
national consciousness. The first Earth Day
was observed in 1970, the year that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
founded. By the end of the 1970s, Love Canal
in New York and the Valley of the Drums in
Kentucky had entered the popular lexicon as
synonyms for pollution and environmental
degradation.
Superfund Is Established
The industrialization that gave Americans the
world's highest standard of living also created
problems that only a national program could
address. By 1980, the U.S. Congress had
passed numerous environmental laws, imple-
mented by the EPA, but many serious hazard-
ous waste problems were slipping through the
cracks.
Responding to growing concern about public
health and environmental threats from uncon-
trolled releases of hazardous materials, the
U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA). Popularly known as
Superfund, CERCLA had one seemingly
simple job—to uncover and clean up hazard-
ous materials spills and contaminated sites.
A Big Job
Few in Congress, the EPA, the environmen-
tal community, or the general public knew in
1980 just how big the nation's hazardous ma-
terials problem is. Almost everyone thought
that Superfund would be a short-lived pro-
gram requiring relatively few resources to
clean up at most a few hundred sites. They
were quite mistaken.
As the EPA set to work finding sites and
gauging their potential to harm people and
the environment, the number of sites grew.
Each discovery seemed to lead to another,
and today almost 36,000 hazardous waste
sites have been investigated as potential haz-
ardous waste sites. They are catalogued in
the EPA's computerized database, CERCLIS
(for the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
-------
INTRODUCTION
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Informa-
tion System).
The damage to public health and the environ-
ment that each site in CERCLIS might cause
is evaluated; many sites have been referred to
State and local governments for cleanup. The
EPA lists the nation's most serious hazardous
waste sites on the National Priorities List, or
NPL. (These Superfund sites are eligible for
federally-funded cleanup, but whenever pos-
sible the EPA makes polluters pay for the
contamination they helped create.) The NPL
now numbers 1,275 sites, with 50 to 100
added each year. By the end of the century,
the NPL may reach as many as 2,100 sites.
Superfund faces some of the most complex
pollution problems ever encountered by an
environmental program. Improperly stored or
disposed chemicals and the soil they contami-
nate are one concern. More difficult to correct
are the wetlands and bays, and the groundwa-
ter, lakes, and rivers often used for drinking
water that are contaminated by chemicals
spreading through the soil or mixing with
storm water runoff. Toxic vapors contaminate
the air at some sites, threatening the health of
people living and working near by.
Superfund aims to control immediate public
health and environmental threats by tackling
the worst problems at the worst sites first.
Wherever possible, Superfund officials use
innovative treatment techniques—many de-
veloped or refined by the EPA—to correct
hazardous materials problems once and for
all. Many of the treatment techniques they use
did not exist when the program was created..
The EPA Administrator had challenged Su-
perfund to complete construction necessary
for cleanup work at 130 NPL sites by the end
of the 1992 federal fiscal year. By September
30, 1992, the end of fiscal year 1992, con-
struction had been completed at a total of 149
NPL sites. Superfund is well on its way of
meeting the Administrator's goal of complet-
ing construction at 200 NPL sites by the end
of fiscal year 1993, and 650 sites by the end
of fiscal year 2000.
Quick Cleanup at
Non-NPL Sites
Long-standing hazardous waste sites are not
Superfund's only concern. The EPA also re-
sponds to hazardous spills and other emergen-
cies, hauling away chemicals for proper treat-
ment or disposal. Superfund teams perform or
supervise responses at rail and motor vehicle
accidents, fires, and other emergencies in-
volving hazardous substances. They also
evacuate people living and working near by,
if necessary, and provide clean drinking water
to people whose own water is contaminated.
Removal crews also post warning signs and
take other precautions to keep people and ani-
mals away from hazardous substances.
Superfund employee prepares equipment for groundwater
treatment.
VI
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INTRODUCTION
Quick Cleanups, or Removals, are not limited
to emergencies. When cleanup crews at con-
taminated sites find hazardous substances that
immediately threaten people or the environ-
ment, they act right away to reduce the threat
or to remove the chemicals outright. As the
EPA implements the Superfund Accelerated
Cleanup Model (SACM), more and more sites
will undergo quick cleanups, and many of
these will be cleaned up completely without
ever being included on the NPL. (See
"Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Ac-
celerated Cleanup Model.")
Some of Superfund's most significant gains in
public health and environmental protection
have been won by the removal program. As of
March 31, 1992, the Emergency Response
Superfund employee removing drums from a Superfund site.
Program had logged more than 2,300 removal
completions since Superfund was established.
The Public's Role
Superfund is unique among federal programs
in its commitment to citizen participation. Al-
though the EPA is responsible for determin-
ing how dangerous a site is and how best to
clean it up, the Agency relies on citizen input
as it makes these decisions.
Community residents are often invaluable
sources of information about a hazardous
waste site, its current and previous owners,
and the activities that took place there. Such
information can be crucial to experts evaluat-
ing a site and its potential dangers.
Residents also comment on EPA cleanup
plans by stating their concerns and prefer-
ences at public meetings and other forums and
in formal, written comments to Agency pro-
posals. The EPA takes these comments and
concerns seriously, and has modified many
proposals in response to local concerns. For,
ultimately, it is the community and its citizens
that will live with the results of the EPA's de-
cisions and actions; it is only fair that citizens
participate in the process.
A Commitment to
Communication
The Superfund program is very serious about
public outreach and communication. Com-
munity relations coordinators are assigned to
each NPL site to help the public understand
the potential hazards present, as well as the
cleanup alternatives. Local information re-
positories, such as libraries or other public
buildings, have been established near each
NPL site to ensure that the public has an op-
portunity to review all relevant information
and the proposed cleanup plans.
The individual State volumes contain sum-
mary fact sheets on NPL sites in each State
and territory. Together, the fact sheets provide
a concise report on site conditions and the
progress made toward site cleanups as of
March 1992. The EPA revises these volumes
periodically to provide an up-to-date record of
program activities. A glossary of key terms
relating to hazardous waste management and
Superfund site cleanup is provided at the back
of this book.
VII
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INTRODUCTION
Superfund is, of course, a public program, and
as such it belongs to everyone of us. This vol-
ume, along with other State volumes, com-
prises the EPA's report on Superfund
progress to the program's owners for the year
1992.
VIII
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INTRODUCTION
STREAMLINING SUPERFUND: THE SUPERFUND
ACCELERATED CLEANUP MODEL
Historically, critics and supporters alike
have measured Superfund's progress
by the number of hazardous waste sites de-
leted from the NPL. Although easy enough to
tally, this approach is too narrow. It misses
the major gains Superfund makes by reducing
major risks at the nation's worst hazardous
sites long before all clean-up work is done
and the site deleted. It also ignores the Re-
moval Program's contributions to meeting
Superfund's twin mandates of maximizing
public health and environmental protection.
Renewing Superfund's commitment to rapid
protection from hazardous materials, the EPA
is streamlining the program. The Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model, or SACM, will
take Early Actions, such as removing hazard-
ous wastes or contaminated materials, while
experts study the site. SACM also will com-
bine similar site studies to reduce the time re-
quired to evaluate a site and its threats to
people and the environment. This way, imme-
diate public health and environmental threats
will be addressed while long-term cleanups
are being planned.
Emergencies such as train derailments and
motor vehicle accidents will continue to be
handled expeditiously. Teams of highly
trained technicians will swing into action
right away, coordinating the cleanup and re-
moval of hazardous substances to ensure pub-
lic safety as quickly as possible.
Breaking With Tradition
The traditional Superfund process begins with
a lengthy phase of study and site assessment,
but SACM will save time by combining sepa-
rate, yet similar, activities. Each EPA Region
will form a Decision Team of site managers,
risk assessors, community relations coordina-
tors, lawyers, and other experts to monitor the
studies and quickly determine whether a site
requires Early Action (taking less than five
years), Long-term Action, or both.
While the site studies continue, the Decision
Team will begin the short-term work required
to correct immediate public health or environ-
mental threats from the site. Besides remov-
ing hazardous materials, Early Actions in-
clude taking precautions to keep contaminants
from moving off the site and restricting access
to the site. Early Actions could eliminate most
human risk from these sites, and Superfund
will further focus its public participation and
public information activities on site assess-
ment and Early Action.
Long-Term Solutions
While Early Actions can correct many hazard-
ous waste problems—and provide the bulk of
public health and environmental protection—
some contamination will take longer to cor-
rect. Cleanups of mining sites, wetlands, estu-
aries, and projects involving incineration of
contaminants or restoration of groundwater
can take far longer than the three to five years
envisioned for Early Actions. Under SACM,
these sites will be handled much as they are
now.
Also under SACM, the EPA will continue its
pursuit of potentially responsible parties who
may have caused or contributed to site con-
tamination. Expedited enforcement and
procedures for negotiating potentially respon-
sible party settlements will secure their par-
ticipation. Superfund personnel will continue
to oversee clean-up work performed by poten-
tially responsible parties.
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INTRODUCTION
HOW SUPERFUND WORKS
Each Superfund site presents a different
set of complex problems. The same haz-
ardous materials and chemicals often con-
taminate many sites, but the details of each
site are different. Almost always, soil is con-
taminated with one or more chemicals. Their
vapors may taint the air over and around the
site. Contaminants may travel through the soil
and reach underground aquifers which may be
used for drinking water, or they may spread
over the site to contaminate streams, ponds,
and wetlands. The contaminating chemicals
may interact with each other, presenting even
more complicated cleanup problems.
Superfund's cleanup process is arduous and
exacting. It requires the best efforts of hun-
dreds of experts in science and engineering, \
public health, administration and manage- j
ment, law, and many other fields.
The average NPL site takes from seven to ten
years to work its way through the system,
from discovery to the start of long-term
cleanup. Actual cleanup work can take years,
decades if contaminated groundwater must
be treated. Of course, imminent threats to
public health or the environment are cor-
rected right away.
The diagram to the right presents a simplified
view of the cleanup process. The major steps
in the Superfund process are:
• Site discovery and investigation to iden-
tify contaminants and determine whether
emergency action is required;
• Emergency site work such as removing
contaminants for proper treatment or dis-
posal, and securing the site to keep people
and animals away, if warranted by condi-
tions at the site;
• Site evaluation to determine how people
living and working nearby, and the envi-
ronment, may be exposed to site contami-
nants;
• Detailed studies to determine whether con-
ditions are serious enough to add the site to
the National Priorities List of sites eligible
for federally funded cleanup under Super-
fund;
• Selection, design, and implementation of a
cleanup plan, after a thorough review of
the most effective cleanup options, given
site conditions, contaminants present, and
their potential threat to public health or the
environment.
• Follow-up to ensure that the cleanup work
done at the site continues to be effective
over the long term.
The Superfund Process
1
Cleanup
1
r
From the earliest stages, EPA investigators
work hard to identify those responsible for the
contamination. As their responsibility is es-
tablished, the EPA negotiates with these "re-
sponsible parties" to pay for cleaning up the
problem they helped create. This "enforce-
ment first" policy saves Superfund Trust Fund
monies for use in cleanups where the respon-
sible parties cannot be identified, or where
they are unable to fund cleanup work.
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THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book
The site fact sheets presented in this book
are comprehensive summaries that cover
a broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ("Threats and
Contaminants"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or planned. The fact
sheets conclude with a brief synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for site contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You can use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you, particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
XI
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THE VOLUME
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Provides the dates when the
site was Proposed, made Final,
and Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties taking responsibility
for cleanup actions at the site.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the threats to nearby
residents and the surrounding
environment and the progress
towards cleaning up the site.
SITE NAME
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
STATE
EPA ID# ABCOOOOOOO
Site Description
Site Responsibility:
NPL Listing History
Threats and Contaminants
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Site Facts: >
Environmental Progress
Site Repository
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the location of the primary site repository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
XII
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THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
®
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface watei, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
XIII
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THE VOLUME
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Contaminated Groundwater resources
in the vicinity or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used as a drink-
ing water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site. (These
include lakes, ponds, streams, and
rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas emis-
sions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on or
near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on the
site.)
Threatened or contaminated Environ-
mentally Sensitive Areas in the vicinity
of the site. (Examples include wet-
lands and coastal areas or critical
habitats.)
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
Initial, Immediate, or Emergency
Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine
the nature and extent of contamination
are planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part of
the site.
Remedy Design means that engineers
are preparing specifications and
drawings for the selected cleanup
technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved for
the contaminated site or part of the
site.
XIV
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A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
xv
-------
Superfund
Activities in
Florida
The State of Florida is located within
EPA Region 4, which includes the eight
southeastern States. The State covers 58,664
square miles. According to the 1990 Census,
Florida experienced a 33 percent increase in
population between 1980 and 1990, and is
ranked fourth in U.S. population with approxi-
mately 12,938,000 residents.
The Florida Resource Recovery and Management Act of 1974 and the Florida Pollutant
Discharge Prevention and Removal Act of 1983 provide enforcement authority for the State in its
execution of the Superfund program. These statutes allow the State to notify polluters of their
liability in the cleanup of Superfund sites, as well as recover the costs of cleanup from polluters
who do not conduct cleanup activities themselves. The 1983 statute also established the Water
Quality Assurance Trust Fund. In addition to the 10 percent contribution from the State required
by the Federal Superfund program, State funding is earmarked for emergency response actions,
studies and remedy designs, long-term cleanup actions, and operation and maintenance activities
at Superfund sites in Florida. Currently, 51 sites in the State of Florida have been listed as final
on the NPL; three have been deleted. Four new sites have been proposed for listing in 1992.
The Department of Environmental Regulation
implements the Superfund Program in the State of Florida
Activities responsible for hazardous
waste contamination in the State of
Florida include:
Federal
Facilities
Petroleum and
Refining Operations
Electroplating
Operations
Chemical
and
Pesticide
Manufacturers
Manufacture
Facilities
Recyclers/
Storage
and
Disposal
Facilities/
Landfills
Facts about the 58 NPL sites
in Florida:
Immediate Actions (such as removing
hazardous substances or restricting
site access) were performed at 33
sites.
Twenty sites endanger sensitive
environments.
Fourty-four sites are located near
residential areas.
XVII
March 1992
-------
FLORIDA
Most Sites Have Multiple Contaminants and
Contaminated Media:
Media Contaminated at Sites
Contaminants Found at Sites
Air
Surface
Water
Sediments
Soil
Ground-
water
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage of Sites
The Potentially Responsible
Party Pays...
In the State of Florida, potentially responsible
parties are paying for or conducting cleanup
activities at 40 sites.
Percentage of Sites
Heavy Metals
VOCs
PCBs
Pesticides/Herbicides
Creosotes
Petrochemicals/Explosives
Other*
Dioxin
Acids
Gases
78%
64%
17%
17%
16%
7%
5%
2%
2%
2%
"Other contaminants include cyanide, fluoride,
nitrate, sulfate, and ammonia.
For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous
Waste Programs in the State of Florida Please Contact:
EPA Region 4 Public Affairs
Office
National Response Center
The Department of Environmental
Regulation: Division of Waste
Management, Bureau of Waste
Cleanup
EPA Region 4 Waste Management
Division
EPA Superfund Hotline
For information concerning
community involvement
To report a hazardous
waste emergency
For information about the
State's responsibility in the
Superfund Program
For information about the
Regional Superfund Program
For information about the
Federal Superfund Program
(404) 347-3004
(800) 424-8802
(904)488-0190
(404) 347-5065
(800) 424-9068
March 1992
XVIII
-------
THE NPL REPORT
PROGRESS TO DATE
The following Progress Report lists all
sites currently on, or deleted from, the
NPL and briefly summarizes the status of ac-
tivities for each site at the time this report was
prepared. The steps in the Superfund cleanup
process are arrayed across the top of the chart,
and each site's progress through these steps is
represented by an arrow (O) indicating the
current stage of cleanup.
Large and complex sites often are organized
into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to
address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and
surface water pollution, or to clean up differ-
ent areas of a large site. In such cases, the
chart portrays cleanup progress at the site's
most advanced stage, reflecting the status of
site activities rather than administrative ac-
complishments.
^> An arrow in the "Initial Response" cate-
gory indicates that an emergency
cleanup, immediate action, or initial ac-
tion has been completed or currently is
underway. Emergency or initial actions
are taken as an interim measure to pro-
vide immediate relief from exposure to
hazardous site conditions or to stabilize
a site to prevent further contamination.
O A final arrow in the "Site Studies" cat-
egory indicates that an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site currently is on-
going or planned.
O A final arrow in the "Remedy Selection"
category means that the EPA has se-
lected the final cleanup strategy for the
site. At the few sites where the EPA has
determined that initial response actions
have eliminated site contamination, or
that any remaining contamination will
be naturally dispersed without further
cleanup activities, a "No Action" rem-
edy has been selected. In these cases,
the arrows are discontinued at the
"Remedy Selection" step and resume in
the "Construction Complete" category.
^ A final arrow at the "Remedial Design"
stage indicates that engineers currently
are designing the technical specifica-
tions for the selected cleanup remedies
and technologies.
^A final arrow in the "Cleanup Ongoing"
column means that final cleanup actions
have been started at the site and cur-
rently are underway.
^> A final arrow in the "Construction Com-
plete" category is used only when all
phases of the site cleanup plan have
been performed, and the EPA has deter-
mined that no additional construction
actions are required at the site. Some
sites in this category currently may be
undergoing long-term operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure
that the cleanup actions continue to pro-
tect human health and the environment.
/ A check in the "Deleted" category indi-
cates that the site cleanup has met all
human health and environmental goals
and that the EPA has deleted the site
from the NPL.
Further information on the activities and
progress at each site is given in the site "Fact
Sheets" published in this volume.
XIX
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AGRICO
CHEMICAL C
FLORIDA
EPAID#FLD980221857
EPA REGION 4
Escambia County
2 miles southwest of
Pensacola Municipal Airport
Site Description
The 30-acre Agrico Chemical Co. site is bordered on the north by undeveloped land that is
used for recreational purposes, on the east by interstate 110, on the south by Fairfield Drive,
and on the west by CSX Transportation tracks. Industrial activity on the site began in 1889,
when a company started producing sulfuric acid from iron pyrite. Around 1920, the American
Agriculture Chemical Company began making fertilizer from phosphate rock. The plant
underwent numerous ownership changes and its name was changed to Agrico. In 1975, Agrico
stopped production, tore down the buildings, and sold the land. All that remains on the site
are the foundations of five buildings, including a plant where phosphate was processed. Four
ponds that were used to store liquid manufacturing wastes lie to the north and east of the
ruins. In 1958, a municipal water well 1 1/4 miles from the site was closed due to high acidity
and fluoride concentrations. The primary aquifer under the site is highly permeable, which
facilitates the movement of contaminants into the groundwater. Given the direction of the
flow, any contamination could enter Bayou Texar or Pensacola Bay. Thirteen county wells
serving approximately 114,000 people lie within 3 miles of the site. Few residents live in the
immediate vicinity of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, soil, and surface water are contaminated with lead and sulfuric
acid. There is a potential for the well water to become contaminated because of
groundwater migration, which would pose a threat to individuals who use the wells
for their water supply. However, residences in the immediate vicinity of the site are
hooked up to a city water supply.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on water pollution
at the site.
Response Action Status
Water Pollution: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination completed an intensive study of site problems. A second phase
of investigation, involving soil and groundwater sampling, was conducted in early
1992. This additional field work was conducted after review of the existing data revealed that
further investigation of the extent of contamination was necessary. Analysis of cleanup
alternatives is underway. A proposal to be submitted for public review is slated for late 1992.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were needed at the Agrico Chemical Co. site since the
contaminated well was already closed. A cleanup proposal is pending following final analysis
of additional soil and groundwater sampling.
Site Repository
Pensacola Public Library, 200 West Gregory Street, Pensacola, FL 32501
March 1992
AGRICO CHEMICAL CO.
-------
AIRCO
PLATING CO.
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD004145140
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Miami
Site Description
The 1 1/2-acre Airco Plating Co. site has operated as an electroplating shop since 1957.
Nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc plating are the chief processes. Before 1973,
operators disposed of plating wastes, including sludge, in three on-site seepage ponds. Since
1973, treated wastes have been released to the Miami sewage system. Since 1982, workers
have separated out the sludges and shipped them to an EPA-approved hazardous waste
facility. During a 1985 investigation, the EPA discovered that one of the former seepage
ponds had been covered with asphalt pavement and a lawn. Soil and groundwater near the
ponds contained contaminants associated with electroplating. The site lies over the recharge
zone for the Biscayne Aquifer, which supplies drinking water for all of Dade County. Four
municipal well fields supplying water to approximately 750,000 people are within 3 miles of
the site. These wells are retrofitted with air strippers, because of contamination from a
variety of sources. The site is located in a primarily industrial area about a mile north of the
Miami International Airport. An estimated 6,500 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site.
The Miami Canal, which flows into the Miami River, is located about 1/2 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Shallow groundwater in the areas of the ponds, surface and sub-surface soil near
the ponds, and the lawn area between the ponds are contaminated with
perchloroethylene (PCE) and heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, copper,
and nickel from former electroplating operations. PCE also has been detected at
elevated concentrations in the deep groundwater under the site. The individuals
who are most at risk of contact with contaminated soils are workers conducting
cleanup activities at the site. People who use the groundwater in this area could be
exposed to heavy metals.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the contamination of the site
began an intensive study of soil and water contamination in 1991. This
investigation will explore the nature and extent of pollution of the soil and
groundwater, and will recommend the best strategies for final cleanup. It is slated for
completion in 1993.
Site Facts: A site investigation was performed by the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination under an order issued by Dade County. The EPA entered into a separate
agreement with the parties to complete site sampling and to evaluate cleanup technologies.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed preliminary site investigations and determined that, with the air strippers
on municipal wells, there are no immediate threats at the Airco Plating Co. site while the
potentially responsible parties complete further investigations leading to the selection of final
cleanup activities.
Site Repository
JFK Public Library, 190 West 49th Street, Hialeah, FL 33012
March 1992
AIRCO PLATING CO.
-------
ALPHA CHE
CORPORATION
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD041495441
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Polk County
Kathleen, 3 miles north of Lakeland
Other Names:
Alpha Resins Corporation
The Alpha Resins Corporation (ARC), formerly known as Alpha Chemical Corporation, is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Alpha Corporation of Tennessee and has produced
unsaturated polyester resin for fiberglass manufacturers at this 32-acre site since 1967. The
process yields wastewater containing small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Under a State permit, the company disposed of this waste in two unlined surface ponds (Pond
#4 and #3-2), relying on natural biological processes to break down the organics. In 1976,
ARC began incinerating the wastewater instead. Pond #4 dried up, and workers used the
area as a solid waste landfill for a year, covering it with soil in 1977. In 1977, Pond #3-2 was
divided, and sludge waters were pumped from #2 to #3. Pond #2 was lined with concrete to
receive wastewater. No waste was discharged from Pond #2, and this pond was covered with
soil in 1988. In 1982, when ARC sought to line Pond #3 with concrete for caustic wash water
disposal, the Florida Department of Environmental Regulations (FDER) requested
groundwater monitoring information. New monitoring wells revealed contamination of the
surficial aquifer. Of the 23 organic compounds detected, ethyl benzene occurred most often
and in the highest concentrations. The area around the site is residential and commercial.
Approximately 650 people live within 1/2 mile of the site. A 20 foot thick impermeable clay
layer shields the Floridian Aquifer from contaminated groundwater; this aquifer, which
provides drinking water for area residents, is not polluted. Surface water from the site drains
into a vegetated, low-lying wetland.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
The groundwater, sediments, and soil were found to be contaminated with VOCs,
mainly ethyl benzene and xylene from former process wastes. There is no health
threat at this time, since the surficial aquifer is not used for drinking water, and no
contamination has been detected in the deeper Floridian aquifer.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA selected a cleanup remedy for this site in 1988, which
features capping the small, unlined, Pond #3 to keep rainwater and runoff from
spreading contaminants and long-term monitoring of groundwater and surface
water to assure the effectiveness of cleanup. The parties potentially responsible for
contamination at the site conducted the engineering design and began cleanup activities in
1989. Construction of the cap was completed later that year and sampling of the groundwater
and surface water is ongoing. Monitoring of groundwater and surface water samples will
continue every 3 months until 1995, and has been showing a decreasing trend in
contamination.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed in 1989 by the State and the parties potentially
responsible for the contamination to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
Cleanup activities are completed at the Alpha Chemical site and monitoring of groundwater
and surface water will continue to ensure the effectiveness of the remedy and safe conditions
for nearby residents and the environment. To date, monitoring has revealed decreasing levels
of contamination at the site as a result of the remedy implemented.
Site Repository
Lakeland Public Library, 100 Lake Morton Drive, Lakeland, FL 33801
March 1992
ALPHA CHEMICAL CORPORATION
-------
AMERICAN
CREOSOTE WO
INC. (PENSACO
PLANT)
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD008161994
EPA REGION 4
Escambia County
Pensacola
Site Description
The 18-acre American Creosote Works, Inc. (Pensacola Plant) site is an inactive wood-
treating facility in Pensacola, located about 1/4 mile north of the confluence of Bayou Chico
and Pensacola Bay. It operated from the early 1900s until 1981, when the company filed for
bankruptcy. Workers treated poles with creosote before 1950, when they began using
pentachlorophenol (PCP) with increasing regularity. Operators discharged liquid process
wastes into two unlined, 80,000-gallon percolation ponds. Before 1970, these wastewaters
were allowed to overflow through a spillway and follow a drainage course into Bayou Chico
and Pensacola Bay. Later, workers drew wastewaters off the ponds periodically and
discharged them into designated "spillage areas" on site. Additional discharges occurred when
heavy rainfall flooded the ponds, which then overflowed their dikes. The site lies in a
commercial and residential area. Withdrawal wells may serve as a conduit between the
shallow and deeper aquifer. No drinking water wells lie within the area of known
contamination.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Major contaminants in the soil and groundwater are volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCP, and dioxin from the
former wood-treating processes. PAHs also were found in one sample of sediments
from the drainage ditch. Additional bay and biota sampling are needed to assess
the impact on organisms living in the bay sediments. The most significant transport
route for contaminants is by groundwater from the sludge lagoons to Pensacola
Bay. Minor exposure routes for people include inhaling dust on the site and
accidentally ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated soils.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on soil cleanup and groundwater, sludge, and underlying soils cleanup.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA undertook several emergency actions at this site.
In 1983, workers drained, treated, and discharged contaminated water in the on-
site ponds, solidifying the remaining sludge and temporarily capping this solidified
material with a layer of clay to keep rainfall and runoff from spreading contaminants. In
1984, the drums on the site were staged and a fence was built around them. In 1985 and
1986, the cap was repaired and workers installed a fence around the capped area.
Surface Cleanup: The EPA's remedies for soil cleanup include: (1) excavating,
screening, and stockpiling the contaminated surface soil; (2) treating the
contamination with slurry bioremediation; (3) replacing the excavated and treated
soils on site; (4) removing debris; (5) repairing the fence; (6) properly disposing of drilling
muds; and (7) repairing the existing clay cap. The EPA began the engineering design for soil
biotreatment in 1989. The design of the treatment is scheduled for completion in late 1992.
Treatment of the contaminated soils is expected to begin in 1993. Other cleanup activities
including repair of the cap, disposal of drilling muds, and fence repair were completed in mid-
1991.
Groundwater, Solidified Sludges, and Underlying Subsurface Soils:
Selection of remedies for this phase is scheduled for 1992. Cleanup will begin
following completion of the engineering design of the selected remedies.
Environmental Progress
The soil excavations, capping, the installation of a fence, and other emergency actions
performed by the EPA have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the
American Creosote Works, Inc. (Pensacola Plant) site while further investigations and soil
cleanup remedies are being completed.
Site Repository
West Florida Regional Library, 21 South Baylen Street, Pensacola, FL 32501
March 1992 8 AMERICAN CREOSOTE WORKS, INC.
(PENSACOLA PLANT)
-------
ANACOND
ALUMINUM CO.
MILGO
ELECTRONICS
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD020536538
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Miami
Other Names:
Anaconda Aluminum
plied Technologies and Engineering
Milgo Electronics Corporation
Site Description
The Anaconda Aluminum Co./Milgo Electronics Corp. site is composed of two facilities
located directly across the street from each other and covers 1 1/2 acres. The two facilities
are Anaconda Aluminum and Milgo Electronics; the Anaconda portion of the site covers
approximately 1 acre. Operations began in 1957 and consisted of an electrochemical process
using acids and an aluminum-laden caustic base to produce a film of protective coating on
aluminum. Raw materials used in the process included sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, caustic
soda, detergents, and dyes. Waste anodizing sludge was pumped to a cement neutralizing pit
where sulfuric acid or caustic soda was added to balance the pH levels. Air was used for
mixing, and then solids were left to settle on the bottom. The clear liquid was pumped to a
soakage pit for disposal to the groundwater. The sludge subsequently was disposed of at the
County dump. The soakage pit had a holding capacity of approximately 1,900 gallons and was
licensed by the County. In 1979, the County required Anaconda to install a groundwater
monitoring well southeast of the pit. Anaconda ceased operations in early 1983. Operations
began at the Milgo portion of the site in 1961 and consisted of chrome, nickel, and copper
electroplating of data processing equipment and the manufacturing of cabinets for electronic
components. A chrome reduction treatment system discharged treated wastewater to a 360-
square-foot drainfield on the premises. The system was designed to treat an average daily
flow of 7,200 gallons. Samples collected from the effluent in 1973 by the County contained
iron, chromium, zinc, and lead. Approximately 1,200 gallons of sludge generated yearly by the
treatment system were removed by tanker truck and hauled off site. Operations at Milgo
ceased in summer 1984. Both companies disposed of liquid wastes via on-site drainfields.
Sampling conducted in 1987 indicated heavy metal contamination in the groundwater. The
contaminated groundwater reaches the Biscayne Aquifer, the source of drinking water for
approximately 750,000 residents of the Miami area. The site is located in an industrialized
area northeast of Miami International Airport.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal and State
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 11/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater contains cyanide and heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc,
iron, selenium, chromium, and copper from the former manufacturing and process
waste disposal practices. Sediment, surface water, and soils contain heavy metals
such as mercury, selenium, and arsenic. There is a potential health threat if people
come into direct contact with the contaminated groundwater, soil, sediments, or
surface water. However, sampling has indicated there are no immediate human
health threats from this site.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA conducted an initial investigation of the site in 1989 and
determined that the site does not appear to pose an immediate threat to public
health or the environment. However, the EPA is planning to conduct a thorough
investigation to explore the nature and extent of contamination in mid-1992.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Anaconda Aluminum Co./Milgro Electronics Corp. site to the NPL, the
EPA determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to public health or the
environment while further investigations are being planned.
SITE REPOSITORY
Not established
March 1992 10 ANACONDA ALUMINUM CO./
MILGO ELECTRONICS CORP.
-------
ANODYNE, I
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD981014368
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Sunshine State Industrial Park
in North Miami Beach
Site Description
The Anodyne, Inc. site is a building in North Miami Beach that covers less than an acre. The
building periodically is leased to various service-oriented businesses. From the early 1960s
until 1975, however, Anodyne, Inc. produced lithographs and silkscreen prints on the site.
Workers reportedly disposed of wastes in an injection well near the building as early as 1960.
In a 1973 inspection, Dade County discovered that the waste also was being dumped directly
onto the ground. Groundwater contamination was discovered in 1986 as a result of an EPA
inspection of the site. The Biscayne Aquifer, which supplies drinking water for all of Dade
County, is directly beneath the site. The site is located in an industrial park. The W.A.
Oeffler and Westside well fields are within 3 miles of the site; they provide drinking water to
approximately 148,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 03/21/66
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Samples indicate elevated levels of several heavy metals from former site
operations in the shallow on-site groundwater. In addition, a plume of
contamination from chlorinated solvents is emanating from the injection well.
Relatively low concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also were
detected in a groundwater sample. Soil samples from around the perimeter of the
building, as well as the base of the injection well, contain elevated levels of several
heavy metals and VOCs. People may be at risk by coming into direct contact with
or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil or groundwater.
11
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: One of the parties potentially responsible for contamination at this
site began a study to define the extent of contamination and to determine possible
cleanup methods in 1990. The presence of a plume of contamination from
chlorinated solvents emanating from the injection well is being examined to determine the
extent of its impact on nearby soil and groundwater. It is slated for completion in late 1992.
Site Facts: The EPA started meeting with the parties potentially responsible for the
contamination of the site in 1989 to discuss funding for the cleanup. 745 Property
Investments, one of the potentially responsible parties, signed an Administrative Order on
Consent in 1990 to conduct a study of the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Anodyne, Inc. site to the NPL, the EPA determined that the site does not
currently pose an immediate threat to public health or the environment while the studies into
permanent cleanup strategies are underway.
Site Repository
North Dade Regional Library, 2455 NW 183rd Street, Miami, FL 33056
March 1992 12 ANODYNE, INC.
-------
B & B CHEMI
COMPANY, I
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD004574190
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Hialeah
The B & B Chemical Company, Inc. has manufactured industrial cleaning compounds on this
2-acre site in Hialeah since 1962. The company prepares its products in mixing vats, which,
along with the company's tank trucks, are washed down once a year. Before 1976, the wash
water was put into unlined lagoons. Since then, the company has run it through a treatment
system before discharging it to the Hialeah sewers. Officials have been concerned about the
impact of the lagoons on groundwater quality since 1975. The underlying Biscayne Aquifer
supplies drinking water for all of Dade County. This site is in a highly industrialized area.
Four public well fields are within 3 miles of the site and serve approximately 750,000 people.
One well is within 3,000 feet of the site. Production from the well fields has been curtailed
due to groundwater contamination. The Miami Canal is 800 feet to the southwest of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
In 1985, the EPA found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
chlorobenzenes and dichloroethylene from former manufacturing operations in
monitoring wells on and off the site; they also found chromium in on-site wells.
Health threats include drinking or coming into direct contact with polluted
groundwater.
13
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in an initial action and a long-term remedial phase focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: B & B Chemical Company, under an agreement with Dade
County, operated the groundwater recovery and treatment system at the site until
July 1989, when they unilaterally stopped recovery of the groundwater.
Groundwater recovery was restarted in November 1989.
Entire Site: More information on the extent of contamination from the site is
needed before the EPA can select a cleanup remedy. The EPA is conducting an
investigation, which started in 1989, that will determine the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination. The study is slated for completion in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The earlier groundwater treatment performed by the potentially responsible parties and the
shut-down of affected wells have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants from
the B&B Chemical Company, Inc. site while investigations are taking place.
Site Repository
West Side Regional Library, 9445 Coral Way, Miami, FL 33165
March 1992
14
B&B CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.
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BEULAH
LANDFILL
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980494660
EPA REGION 4
Escambia County
Pensacola
Site Description
The 80-acre Beulah Landfill site was operated by Escambia County from 1950 to 1984. Its
northern and southern sections were run independently. The northern landfill, used from
1950 to 1960, accepted mostly municipal trash. The southern sludge disposal pits began
receiving domestic septic tank wastes in 1968 and continued to take municipal trash, industrial
waste, demolition debris, and municipal sludges until 1984, when the State ordered a halt to
operations at the pits. From 1980 to 1986, the landfill operated under State order, accepting
only specified wastes. Several residences within 3 miles of the landfill use drinking water from
the upper 150 feet of the local sand and gravel aquifer. The nearest well is 700 feet from the
site. Eleven Mile Creek, at the downstream edge of the site, is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
EPA tests showed that wastes on the site contain anthracene, naphthalene,
fluoranthene, pyrene, pentachlorophenol (PCP), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
and zinc. The groundwater and surface water also are contaminated with zinc.
People trespassing on the site could be exposed to contaminants in the wastes.
People ingesting contaminated groundwater may be at risk.
15
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on soil and
groundwater cleanup at the site.
Response Action Status
Soil and Groundwater: With EPA oversight, a potentially responsible party is
undertaking an intensive study of soil and groundwater contamination at the site in
1991. This investigation also will recommend the best strategies for final cleanup.
It is slated for completion in late 1993. Once the investigation is completed, a final selection
of a remedy will be made.
Site Facts: From 1980 to 1986, the landfill operated under a Consent Order with the
Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) to accept only specified wastes.
Environmental Progress
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that there were no immediate actions needed at the Beulah Landfill site while
investigations into cleanup strategies are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
16
BEULAH LANDFILL
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BMI-TEXTRQ
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD052172954
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Palm Beach County
Lake Park
Other Names:
Basic Microelectronics, Inc.
From 1969 until 1986, operators of the 3 1/2-acre BMI-Textron facility made chrome-backed
glass plates used in producing electronic components. Workers used cyanide to etch the glass.
The facility discharged liquid wastes to percolation ponds and drain fields for four years under
an industrial wastewater permit issued by the Florida Department of Environmental
Regulation (FDER). Four wells at the facility monitored compliance with the terms of the
permit. In 1983, operators received a Notice of Violation from the State, and subsequently
reported that the site's soil and groundwater were contaminated with cyanide. Two municipal
water systems draw from wells within 3 miles of the site. They serve approximately 106,000
people in Lake Park, Riviera Beach, North Palm Beach, Palm Beach Shores, and Palm
Beach Gardens.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with cyanide and fluoride from former
production processes. Shallow groundwater also is contaminated with barium,
chromium, and nitrates. Contaminated groundwater used for a water supply source
on the site poses potential health threats or could enter downgradient wells. A
fence surrounding the site limits threats from exposure through direct contact or
inhalation of the contaminated dust.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on soil and groundwater contamination.
17
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under State order, the owner removed about 680 cubic
yards of cyanide-contaminated soil and transported it to an EPA-approved
hazardous waste facility in 1984. In 1986, the EPA discovered cyanide and
fluoride in on-site groundwater and soil. In 1986, again under State order, the owner agreed
to develop a plan to clean up contaminated groundwater. Approximately 200 cubic yards of
contaminated soils were removed from the landfill. In addition, a third area was capped with
asphalt. A fence was installed to restrict access to the site.
Soil and Groundwater: Under EPA monitoring, the owner is undertaking an
intensive study of the nature and extent of soil and groundwater contamination at
the site. This investigation also will recommend the best alternatives for final
cleanup. It is slated to conclude in 1994.
Site Facts: In 1984, BMI and the State of Florida entered into an agreement requiring the
company to remove contaminated soils at the site and to submit a detailed monitoring
program for determining the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at the site.
BMI agreed to comply with another State Consent Order in 1986 to develop a plan to clean
up contaminated groundwater. In response, the company implemented an Interim Remedial
Action Plan (IRAP), a Containment Assessment Plan (CAP), and a Soil Removal Plan. An
evaluation of potential risks to human health was completed. As a result, contaminated soils
were removed from the landfill, and another area of contaminated soil was capped with
asphalt. Employees notified officials in 1988 of concerns about the water safety.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and capping of other areas have greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the BMI-Textron site. Approximately 900
cubic yards of contaminated soil have been removed, and a fence was installed to restrict
access to the site. These actions have protected the public health and the environment while
investigations are being conducted and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established
March 1992 18 BMI-TEXTRON
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BROWARD
21ST MANOR D
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD981930506
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Broward County
Ft. Lauderdale
The Broward County - 21st Manor Dump site, located in a residential area, was an open
dump located on the southern portion of the Meadowbrook Elementary School property.
Owned and operated by the Broward County School Board, this 4 1/2-acre dump received
municipal wastes from the 1950s to the late 1960s. No record of the types and quantities of
wastes disposed of at the site was kept. Unauthorized parties also deposited wastes at the
site. Conditions such as permeable sand and limestone and shallow groundwater facilitate the
migration of contaminants. The Biscayne Aquifer is the sole source of drinking water in
Southeast Florida. Over 400 students attend Meadowbrook Elementary School and an
estimated 13,000 people live within 1 mile of the site. Approximately 162,300 people obtain
drinking water from public and private wells within 4 miles of the site; the nearest private well
is less than one-quarter mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and County actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 07/29/91
Threats and Contaminants
In 1987, numerous heavy metals including mercury, chromium, lead, and zinc were
detected in on-site monitoring wells. In addition, manganese and zinc, as well as
the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trichloroethylene and dichlorethylene,
were found in three off-site private wells. Numerous VOCs were detected off site
in Well #18 of Fort Lauderdale's South Dixie Wellfield. The South Dixie well has
since been taken out of service. Contamination was discovered in surface and
subsurface soils in 1989, including pesticides, VOCs, lead, chromium, and zinc.
19
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Well #18 of Fort Lauderdale's South Dixie Wellfield was
taken out of service.
Entire Site: The County is planning an investigation of the site in late 1992. This
investigation will help determine alternatives for cleanup of the soil and
groundwater at the site.
Environmental Progress
An initial EPA site investigation determined site conditions to be safe while an investigation
leading to site cleanup begins.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
20
BROWARD COUNTY - 21ST MANOR DUMP
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BROWN W
PRESERVIN
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980728935
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Suwannee County
2 miles west of Live Oak
Other Names:
Live Oak Perry
South Georgia Railway/Wood Plant
From 1946 until 1978, the Brown Wood Preserving site was operated as a wood-treatment
facility on this 55-acre site in Live Oak. Several different companies ran the facility over its
30-year lifespan; the plant burned and was rebuilt in 1974. Operators used creosote and
pentachlorophenol (PCP) in pressure treatment processes and discharged wastewater into an
open ditch, where it flowed into a 5-acre unlined impoundment. A 3-acre upgradient lagoon
contained 3,000 cubic yards of creosote materials. The area surrounding the site is rural and
light agricultural. Homes, businesses, light industry, a trailer park, a private airport, and a
County storage yard are all located within 1/2 mile of the site. The trailer park houses
approximately 450 residents. Sinkholes and public and private wells lie within 2 miles of the
site, but the aquifer is not currently threatened, because contamination has not reached it.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
'Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Testing during cleanup studies in 1985 and 1986 showed soils in the disposal lagoon
and drainage ditch to be contaminated with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the wood-treatment processes. Sediments in the
disposal lagoon and drainage ditch also were found to be contaminated with PAHs.
Direct contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated soil or dust could have
endangered human health.
Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
21
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Initial actions were performed at the site in 1988. Activities
included: treatment and discharge of approximately 200,000 gallons of lagoon and
pit water; demolition, salvage, and removal of facilities and process equipment on
site; excavation and solidification of 15,000 tons of contaminated sludges; and backfilling of
the pit where ore was heated to extract metal. These actions reduced the levels of
contaminants in the soil. The site was fenced, and warning signs were posted in 1988.
Entire Site: The EPA selected the following cleanup remedy for the site:
removing the lagoon water, treating it (if necessary) and discharging it to a sewage
treatment plant; excavating and treating the most severely contaminated soil and
sludge and disposing of it off site; breaking down contaminants in the remaining soils
biologically in a 14-acre treatment area constructed with a liner and an internal drainage and
spray irrigation system; covering this treatment area with clean fill after it served its purpose;
and monitoring groundwater and the biological cleanup system for three years. The parties
potentially responsible for site contamination finished the cleanup actions outlined in the
remedy to the EPA's satisfaction in 1989. In conducting the cleanup activities, workers also:
cleared 6 acres; removed an abandoned railroad track; installed a clay liner; built containment
berms around the perimeter; installed a treatment area surface drainage network and run-on
drainage swales; shaped the runoff retention road; placed contaminated soil in the treatment
and stockpile area; and installed an irrigation system. Operation and maintenance consists of
semi-annual groundwater sampling to ensure the effectiveness of the remedies.
Site Facts: The Consent Decree between the EPA and the parties responsible for the
contamination was entered into on October 24, 1988 for performance of the engineering
design and actual cleanup activities, as well as the operations and maintenance functions for
the site. Under EPA monitoring, the parties responsible for site contamination have finished
cleaning up the site.
Environmental Progress
The Brown Wood Preserving site has been cleaned up and meets all Federal and State
standards. The site will be monitored for two additional years to ensure that the cleanup
methods are effective and continue to protect human health and the environment, at which
time the site will be deleted from the NPL. The Five-Year Review will be conducted in 1993.
Site Repository
Suwannee River Regional Library, 207 Pine Street, Live Oak, FL 32060
March 1992 22 BROWN WOOD PRESERVING
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CABOT/KOP
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980709356
EPA REGION 4
Alachua County
Gainesville
Other Names:
K-Mart Site
Cabot Carbon
Site Description
The Cabot/Koppers site covers 170 acres bridging two properties in Gainesville, near the
intersection of N. 23rd Avenue and N. Main Street. Koppers, a wood-treating operation,
owns the western part of the site and still operates on 82 acres of the site. Cabot Carbon
formerly operated on the eastern portion of the site, on its own 49 acres, making naval stores
and charcoal from pine stumps. Koppers preserves wood utility poles and timbers using
creosote and chromated copper arsenate. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used in the past.
Koppers currently recycles its process wastes and disposes of residues in an environmentally
sound manner. The contamination on the site may be attributable to the past use of
wastewater holding ponds. The old pond areas since have been filled with clean dirt and now
are used as wood storage areas. During the years that Cabot Carbon operated (1945-1965),
the plant generated about 6,000 gallons of crude wood oil and pitch each day. Workers
discharged process wastewater containing pine tar into unlined surface impoundments. A local
developer purchased the land in 1966 and drained the contaminated ponds into a nearby
wetland and into Hogtown Creek. The land was sold again in 1977 to a different developer,
who began building a shopping complex. Construction workers mixed the remaining pine tar
sludges from the pond areas into the topsoil and built an unlined stormwater retention pond
over the old contamination site. Citizens soon noticed a dark-stained, foul-smelling liquid
seeping into an uncovered drainage ditch along N. Main Street. Gainesville's population is
151,300, and about 2/3 of the city is drained by Hogtown Creek. Approximately 2,000 people
live within a 1/2-mile radius of the site, and there are 11 schools within a 1-mile radius of the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/24/84
23
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with arsenic; groundwater near the land surface
contains polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and creosote compounds from
the former process waste disposal practices. The soil also is contaminated with
creosote products; however, contaminants were below levels that would pose
adverse health effects. A trailer park lies next to the contaminated ditch, and
children play in that area. People coming into direct contact with contaminated
groundwater may be at risk. Nearby wetlands also may be affected by
contaminants from the site.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The initial actions provide for the collection of up to 150,000
gallons of leachate per day from the N. Main Street ditch. This water is pumped
by the State from a lift station on the ditch to the Kanapha Sewage Treatment
Plant for treatment. Water quality data indicate that the leachate collection and removal
system has been effective in significantly removing contamination from Hogtown Creek.
Entire Site: The Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER)
began an intensive study of soil and groundwater contamination at the site in
1984. In 1987, when the FDER ran out of funds, the EPA entered into a Consent
Order with the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination to conduct an
investigation of the site. The selected cleanup strategy includes soil washing and solidification,
with other source soils undergoing in-situ biotreatment. Groundwater will be pumped, treated,
and discharged to a publicly owned treatment works. Design activities began in 1991 and
clean-up is expected to begin in mid-1993.
Site Facts: The FDER requested civil penalties, injunctive relief, and cost recovery in its
1983 complaint against Cabot Corporation, but the court struck all motions except cost
recovery in 1984. The parties potentially responsible, Beazer EAST (formerly Koppers) and
Cabot Corporation, are working under a Consent Order and have completed site studies of
the contamination and evaluated cleanup options. Beazer EAST is proceeding with the design
and clean-up of the Koppers facility under a Unilateral Administrative Order issued by the
EPA in March 1991. The Cabot Corp. is proceeding with the design and clean-up on its part
of the site under a Consent Decree with the EPA.
March 1992 24 CABOT/KOPPERS
-------
Environmental Progress
The leachate pumping system has been effective in removing much of the contamination from
Hogtown Creek and the N. Main Street ditch, thereby reducing the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials for the surrounding population while final cleanup strategies are being
planned at the Cabot/Koppers site.
Site Repository
Alachua County Library, 222 East University Street, Gainesville, FL 32601
CABOT/KOPPERS
25
March 1992
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CECIL FIELD
NAVAL AIR STA
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD517002244
EPA REGION 4
Duval County
12 miles southwest of
downtown Jacksonville
Site Description
The Cecil Field Naval Air Station (NAS) site is divided into three areas: NAS Cecil Field
(proper), the Yellow Water Weapons Department, and the Whitehouse Outlying Landing
Field. Work in support of the base mission includes fuel storage and transportation systems
and intermediate maintenance and repair of aircraft and engines. Maintenance activities over
the years generated a variety of materials that were disposed of on the facility. These include:
materials resulting from construction activities; municipal solid waste and municipal
wastewater treatment plant sludge; and miscellaneous industrial wastes including waste oils or
solvents, paints, and spilled fuels. Current disposal practices are surveyed regularly for
conformance with local, State, and Federal regulations. Approximately 3,500 people live on
base and 2,200 people live within a 1-mile radius of the base. Water is supplied to base
residents from wells that tap the Floridian Aquifer. Off-base residents receive water from
private wells that tap into the secondary artesian aquifer. The area surrounding the base
contains wetlands, rivers, streams, and agricultural land. All surface waters within 3 miles
downstream of Cecil Field NAS waste sites are classified by the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation (FDER) as Class III waters, which are suitable for recreational
use and for the propagation and management of fish and wildlife. Lake Fretwell is stocked
with bass for sport fishing, and a recreational complex has been developed along its
northeastern shore.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
26
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
m
On-site groundwater near seven of the sources of contamination has been found
to have concentrations of heavy metals, solvents, paint wastes, and
trichloroethylene (TCE) from former waste disposal practices. Solvents have been
identified in surface and subsurface soils near the known sources of contamination.
Sediments from Rowell Creek, which is dammed to form Lake Fretwell, contain
methylene chloride and heavy metals. Shallow groundwater is used for irrigation
and fire fighting. The potential exists for on-site contaminants to migrate into the
groundwater in both aquifers and into off-base private wells. If contaminated
groundwater should move off site, local residents also could be exposed to
contaminants that have bioaccumulated in produce or aquatic life. Surface water
located on the site that has shown contamination includes: Yellow Water Creek
and its tributaries, Caldwell Branch, Sal Taylor Creek, Rowell Creek, and Lake
Fretwell.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in seven long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
base landfills, oil/sludge disposal areas, a rubble disposal area, fire-fighting training areas, an
ordnance disposal area, a pesticide disposal area, and a seepage pit.
Response Action Status
Landfills: The Navy began investigations of the base landfills at the end of 1989
and is expected to complete them by 1995. Upon completion of these
investigations, the Navy will begin cleanup activities.
Oil Sludge Disposal Areas: The Navy began investigating the oil/sludge
disposal areas for contaminants in 1990. Completion of these investigations is
slated for 1994.
Rubble Disposal Area: The Navy began initial investigations of the nature and
extent of contamination at the rubble disposal area in 1990. Completion of these
investigations is scheduled for late 1993.
Fire-Fighting Training Areas: The Navy began investigations at the fire-
fighting training areas in early 1992 and is expected to complete them by the end
of 1994.
Ordnance Disposal Area: The Navy initiated investigations at the ordnance
disposal area in early 1992 and is expected to complete them in 1994.
CECIL FIELD NAVAL AIR STATION 27 March 1992
-------
Pesticide Disposal Area: The Navy began investigating a pesticide disposal
area for contamination in early 1992. Completion of these investigations is
planned for late 1994.
Seepage Pit: The Navy began investigations at the seepage pit at the end of
1990 and is expected to complete them in 1993.
Site Facts: The Cecil Field NAS is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
After proposing the Cecil Field NAS site to the NPL, the EPA conducted studies that
determined no immediate risks to public health or the environment presently exist while
studies into cleanup technologies are being conducted by the Navy.
Site Repository
Charles D. Webb Wesconnett Branch, Jacksonville Public Library, 6887 103rd Street,
Jacksonville, FL 32210
March 1992
28
CECIL FIELD NAVAL AIR STATION
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CHEMFORM,
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD080174402
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Broward County
Pompano Beach
The 4-acre Chemform, Inc. site began as a precision machine shop manufacturing metal parts
for the aerospace industry. Operations continued from 1967 to 1985. The operations
included conventional machine making as well as the manufacturing of a high-tech electro-
chemical milling machine, which involved the use of electrolytic solutions and strong electric
current. In 1977, the Broward County Pollution Control Board found the company in
violation of regulations for the discharge of industrial wastes onto the ground. In 1985, the
EPA found the soil and groundwater to be contaminated with heavy metals and other
contaminants. The Biscayne Aquifer is underneath the site and supplies all municipal water to
Broward County. Four municipal wells are located within 3 miles of the site and serve
approximately 93,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals including chromium,
nickel, and copper from former manufacturing processes. People who are exposed
to contaminated groundwater or soil through accidentally ingesting or coming in
direct contact with them may be at risk. Numerous cavities in the limestone
underlying the site facilitate movement of contaminants into the groundwater.
29
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1990, removal of several drums took place.
Approximately 600 cubic yards of soil were excavated in addition to the removal
of debris, soil, and sludge from two underground storage tanks. Additional soil
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are
conducting a study to determine the type and extent of soil and groundwater
contamination. Alternatives for site cleanup will be recommended following
completion of this study, which is expected to be completed in 1992. This site is being divided
into two long-term stages which will address groundwater and soil separately.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA and the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination signed an Administrative Order, requiring them to conduct a study of the site.
Chem-Form, Inc. is adjacent to Wilson Concepts of Florida, which also is on the NPL.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that immediate actions were needed at the Chemform, Inc. site while further
investigations are continued. The removal of drums from the site and the sampling and
analysis of soils to evaluate the short-term threat to groundwater were conducted in 1990.
Based on these analyses, additional soil was removed in 1991 and continues to be removed.
Site Repository
Broward County Library, Main Branch - Government Document Department, 100 South
Andrews Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301
March 1992 30 CHEMFORM, INC.
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CITY INDUS!
INC.
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD055945653
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Orange County
Winter Park
Other Names:
City Chemical
The City Industries, Inc. site operated from 1971 to 1983 on a 1-acre parcel of land and was
involved in the receipt, handling, storage, reclamation, and disposal of a wide variety of waste
chemicals including solvents, paint/varnish wastes, plating wastes, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), and inks. The company abandoned the site in 1983, informing the State that it lacked
the resources to continue operations and leaving approximately 1,200 drums and 12,000
gallons of unknown liquids and sludges in large tanks. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
were found in the shallow aquifer beneath the site. Approximately 120,000 people live within
3 miles of the site. The nearest residence is a mile away from the site. Within 3 miles of the
site are schools, nursing homes, and hospitals. Municipal wells are located 1/4 mile upgradient
of the site in the deeper Floridian aquifer.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water are contaminated with VOCs from former
waste disposal practices. The soils were contaminated with VOCs, phthalates, and
various heavy metals. People who come in direct contact with or drink
contaminated surface water or groundwater may be at risk, although the
groundwater is not currently used for drinking water. The shallow aquifer beneath
the site is contaminated, and the contaminant plume could migrate to the Floridian
aquifer. The risk posed by the contaminated soil has been reduced as a result of
soil removal activity.
31
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the State crushed and removed 41 tons of drums
and disposed of 65 truck and tanker loads of contaminants at an EPA-approved
facility. In 1984, the EPA emptied, cut open, and cleaned the holding tanks.
Approximately 1,700 tons of contaminated soil were incinerated to remove the contaminants.
The treated soil remains on the site.
Entire Site: The EPA has selected a remedy that includes treating the extracted
groundwater by aeration, filtration, precipitation, and carbon adsorption, followed
by surface water discharge. The EPA began designing the cleanup in 1990, and it
is nearly complete. Construction is anticipated to begin in late 1992.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to City Industries requiring
cleanup of the site; the company ignored the Order. Also in 1984, the State filed a civil
complaint against the land owner, operator, and four companies associated with the operator.
The EPA negotiated a Consent Decree in December 1991 with the potentially responsible
parties to fund the activities necessary for cleaning up the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of solid waste and treatment of soil have eliminated all direct contact threats
from hazardous materials at the City Industries, Inc. site while cleanup activities are being
planned.
Site Repository
Winter Park Public Library, 460 East New England Avenue, Winter Park, FL 32789
March 1992 32 CITY INDUSTRIES, INC.
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COLEMAN-E
WOOD PRES
CO.
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD991279894
EPA REGION 4
Duval County
Whitehouse,
8 miles west of Jacksonville
Site Description
The Coleman-Evans Wood Preserving Company site is a former wood-preserving facility
located in a residential and light industrial area of Whitehouse. The site covers 11 acres and
consists of two distinct areas: the western portion, which contained a wood treating facility,
and the eastern portion, which consisted of a landfill and had been used to dispose of wood
chips and other wastes. Since 1954, Coleman-Evans produced wood products that contained
pentachlorophenol (PCP). Wastewater from this process was discharged into an on-site
drainage ditch. Sludges were placed into two unlined disposal pits. Contamination was
discovered in the groundwater in the area in 1980. As a result, the facility constructed a
wastewater treatment system. Approximately 1,000 people reside within a 1-mile radius of the
site. This heavily populated residential area is not connected to a municipal water supply;
therefore, the area residents depend on private wells for their drinking water. There are
approximately 180 wells within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Shallow groundwater in the residential area adjacent to the site is contaminated
with PCP, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including phenol and toluene, and
heavy metals including chromium and lead from former process wastes. Sediments
are contaminated with PCP, and the soil is contaminated with heavy metals, PCP,
oil, and grease. Area residents are at risk if direct contact is made with
contaminated soil or if contaminated groundwater from the shallow aquifer is
accidentally ingested.
33
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The soils in the on-site waste pits were sampled, excavated,
and disposed of by the EPA and a potentially responsible party. The water and oil
that have been filtering into the excavated pits were sampled and treated, and the
pit was backfilled to the original grade with clean fill dirt.
Entire Site: Contaminated soils will be excavated and treated by soil washing,
biotreatment, and solidification/stabilization. Washed soil and stabilized sludges
will be backfilled on site. Groundwater recovery will be performed during the
dewatering process. Recovered groundwater will be analyzed and treated by carbon
adsorption and chemical precipitation before being discharged to an on-site drainage ditch.
Design of these technologies began in 1990 and is expected to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1980, complaints of taste and odor problems in nearby private water wells led
to investigations by State and local officials. On October 15, 1984, the State of Florida issued
an Administrative Consent Order to Coleman-Evans Wood Co. to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated
materials at the Coleman-Evans Wood Preservation Co. site while permanent cleanup
activities are being designed.
Site Repository
Whitehouse Elementary School, 11160 General Avenue, Whitehouse, FL 32220
March 1992
34
COLEMAN-EVANS WOOD PRESERVING CO.
-------
DAVIE LAN
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980602288
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Broward County
10 miles southwest of Fort Lauderdale
Other Names:
Broward County Solid Waste
Disposal Facility
The Davie Landfill site, consisting of an 80-acre trash landfill, a 30-acre sanitary landfill, and
a 10-acre sludge lagoon near the intersection of Orange Drive and Boy Scout Road, began
operation in 1964, accepting trash and ash from the County's adjacent garbage incinerator.
Landfilling activities ceased in 1987, when the facility reached its design capacity. The solid
waste landfill was used to dispose of the municipal solid waste being burned at the on-site
incinerator. Construction debris, tires, and other wastes that could not be incinerated also
were placed in the solid waste landfill. The sludge lagoon was constructed in 1971 in an
unlined natural depression on site to accept grease trap pump-outs and septic tank and
treated municipal sludges. The lagoon overflowed on several occasions, resulting in surface
water discharges to an adjacent borrow pit. The sludge lagoon was closed in 1981. The
incinerator was closed in 1975, because the excessive particulate emissions failed to meet new
air regulations. The sanitary landfill was opened to replace the closed incinerator. Dairy
farms, ranches, and horse stables are located in the vicinity of the site. Approximately 50
homes are located to the south of the site; the nearest residence is 1/2 mile away. There are
five wells within 500 feet of the site and 21 within 1/4 mile. All municipal water supplies in
the area receive water drawn from the Biscayne Aquifer. The aquifer is the sole source of
potable water for about 10,000 residents in the area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
County actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and the water in the borrow pits on site and downgradient of the
site show elevated levels of sulfate, chloride, lead, and ammonia. Benzene, vinyl
chloride, and other compounds have been detected in monitoring wells and private
wells south of the landfill. Sludge from the lagoon was found to contain cyanide
and sulfides. Potential health threats include accidental ingestion, inhalation, and
direct contact with contaminated soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediments.
The site is fenced, and access to the site is restricted.
35
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State required the County to provide service connections to the
municipal water supply system for each affected residence near the site. The
County offered affected residents bottled water until the water lines were
functional. The alternate water supply now is in place. Cleanup technologies chosen to
address sludge lagoon contamination included dewatering and stabilization of the sludge
lagoon contents, placement of treated sludge lagoon contents in a lined sanitary landfill cell,
and installation of an approved cover on the cell. The County initiated site construction on
the sludge lagoon in 1989, and cleanup activities are completed.
Groundwater: An investigation into the nature and extent of groundwater
contamination at the site began in early 1992. This study, which is expected to be
completed in early 1994, will identify potential remedies for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply and completion of the cleanup activities have
reduced the danger of exposure to contamination while the County and the EPA are
conducting further studies at the Davie Landfill site.
Site Repository
Broward County Library, Main Branch-Government Document Department, 100 South
Andrews Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301
March 1992
36
DAVIE LANDFILL
-------
DUBOSE OIL
PRODUCTS
COMPANY
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD000833368
EPA REGION 4
Escambia County
Cantonment, 10 miles north of Pensacola
Site Description
The 20-acre Dubose Oil Products site consists of a process facility and three bermed ponds.
The site was an oil recovery facility that operated from 1979 through 1981. Waste materials
handled on the site included waste oils, petroleum refining waste, wood-treatment process
waste, spent solvents, spent "pickle liquors," and various paint wastes. These materials initially
came to the site in bulk tanker trailers and drums and then were stored in a treatment tank
prior to processing. Spent solvent and process wastes from petroleum refining and wood
treatment operations were transported to the facility in 55-gallon drums. Analysis of samples
taken from the site indicated the presence of numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The site ceased operations in 1982. Dubose sold some drums and crushed, stacked, and then
buried a number of these drums on the site. This is a rural residential area with some
agricultural and forest land nearby. Dioxins and furans are often found in contaminated areas
where pentachlorophenol (PCP) is present. Therefore, since the Dubose site has significant
levels of PCP contamination in the soil, the site was recently sampled for both dioxins and
furans; however, none were found above the action level. Approximately 2,400 people live
within 3 miles. The nearest residents live adjacent to the site. A low-lying area that forms the
headwaters of Jack Branch, a tributary of the Perdido River, is located along the northern
edge of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with low levels of VOCs and heavy
metals including manganese, iron, and aluminum from former process wastes. Soil
is contaminated with PCP. Iron naturally occurs in the water in the area.
Residents in the immediate area are provided with city water supplies, which are
not threatened by contaminated groundwater. However, in the future,
contaminants could leach into the groundwater, which could then migrate to a
nearby sand and gravel aquifer that is the source of drinking water in the area.
37
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984 and 1985, the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation (FDER) excavated 40,000 cubic yards of contaminated
soil and placed it in a lined vault on site to prevent further contamination of the
groundwater. Contaminated leachate from the vault is being treated and discharged into the
North Pond.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected a final remedy for site cleanup, which
includes: excavation and bioremediation of contaminated soils, drainage and filling
of the on-site ponds, placement of a topsoil layer over the ravine and former
pond area followed by grading and vegetation, installation of surface water runoff controls,
groundwater monitoring, and deed restrictions to prevent inappropriate future use of the site.
The engineering design of the cleanup remedy began in late 1991. Final cleanup activities
are expected to begin in 1993.
Site Facts: The State and the parties potentially responsible for site contamination signed a
Consent Decree, whereby these parties performed the studies to determine the extent of site
contamination and the alternative technologies for cleaning up the site. The public is
concerned that the dam holding the North Pond, which is not well built, will break and that
the pond will subsequently flood the downstream areas. The dam is being inspected on a
regular basis.
Environmental Progress
Provision of an alternate water supply and the containment of soil have reduced the potential
for exposure to contaminants and the further spread of these contaminants at the Dubose Oil
Products Company site while cleanup activities are designed.
Site Repository
J.M. Tate High School, Tate High School Road, Gonzalez, FL 32560
March 1992 38 DUBOSE OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY
-------
FLORIDA ST
CORPORATION
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD050432251
EPA REGION 4
Martin County
2 miles northwest of Indiantown
Site Description
The 150-acre Florida Steel Corporation site is a former steel mill that operated from 1970 to
1982, when it closed for economic reasons. During its operation, casting and rolling were
performed at extremely high temperatures. Subsequently, equipment and motors were cooled
by water, which picked up iron oxide and small particles from the hot steel and collected
excess lubricating oils and hydraulic fluid. The cooling water was captured by concrete drains
and sumps and then piped to a Concrete Recirculating Reservoir (CRR), where the iron
oxide particles and dense oils settled out. The floating oil that resulted from this process
subsequently was removed by an oil skimmer. In addition to the steel products, three types of
by-products were associated with the Indiantown Mill: (1) mill scale, the oxidized iron that
separated from the hot steel as it was cooled with water sprays, (2) slag, low-grade ore
formed when lime was introduced as a flux into the furnace to remove impurities, and
(3) Emission Control (EC) dust, the fine particles generated as the high temperatures of the
electric arc furnace drove off and oxidized some of the iron and most of the other volatile
metals contained in the scrap. Some of the EC dust was spread over the facility's roads, and
75,000 cubic yards were deposited on the southern portion of the site in waste piles. Florida
Steel began to collect EC dust in three baghouses and transported it to a chemical plant in
South Carolina for recovery of lead and zinc in 1980. The site was placed on the NPL in
1982, when the EPA found arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the EC dust and groundwater. In
addition, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were found at various locations on the site.
Approximately 4,800 people live within a 2-mile radius of the site. The Indiantown public
water supply comes from a group of shallow wells located within 3 miles of the site. Swamp
and unimproved land owned by the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad adjoins three sides of the
property.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
39
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead from former plant processes
exist in the on-site EC dust. The groundwater is contaminated with sodium
chloride; heavy metals including lead, cadmium, and iron; and radioactive materials
including radium. Radium is a naturally occurring radioactive element found in the
subsurface soil and groundwater at the site. Limited amounts of on-site surface
soils are contaminated by PCBs, a majority of which have been cleaned up. Area
residents could be exposed, in the future, to metals and radium contaminants in
their drinking water. Other potential health threats include inhaling and coming
into direct contact with airborne EC dust. Swamps located adjacent to the site are
threatened by contamination migrating from the site.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination
removed 8,000 tons of EC dust in 1985. Also in 1985, nearly 19,000 tons of PCB-
contaminated soil were excavated and subsequently incinerated on site.
Entire Site: In 1987, the potentially responsible parties began an investigation to
determine the best ways to clean up the site. The parties are conducting additional
groundwater and soil sampling, which is planned to be completed in 1992. The
EPA currently is waiting for the analytical results of these additional tests and will
recommend the best cleanup technology. In addition to the soil and groundwater
investigations, the EPA currently is examining two wetlands adjacent to the site. This
investigation is planned to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: Negotiations with the parties potentially responsible for site contamination were
concluded in 1987. As a result, these parties initiated an investigation to characterize site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
The removal and treatment of soil have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials and has reduced the migration of contaminants from the site while
further investigations and cleanup activities take place at the Florida Steel Company site.
March 1992 40 FLORIDA STEEL CORPORATION
-------
Site Repository
Martin County Property Appraiser, 16550 S.W. Warfield Boulevard, Indiantown, FL 34956
FLORIDA STEEL CORPORATION 41 March 1992
-------
GOLD COAS
CORPORATION
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD071307680
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Miami
Gold Coast Oil Corporation operated a solvent reclaiming facility and bulk storage area on a
1 1/2-acre site leased from the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad from 1971 to 1982. Wastes
generated by the recovery process were sprayed directly on the ground or stored in drums on
site. The sources of contamination at the site include a storage area of approximately 2,500
corroded and leaking drums containing sludges from the reclamation process, contaminated
soil and paint sludges, 26 storage tanks of hazardous substances, and extensively
contaminated surface soils and groundwater. The contaminated groundwater is part of the
Biscayne Aquifer, the sole drinking water source for the Miami area. The area surrounding
the facility is primarily industrial. The majority of the residents within a 3-mile radius of the
site are served by two public water supply wells fields that are not affected by the
contamination at the site. The site currently is inactive and is fenced with a locking gate.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including methylene chloride from the former solvent recovery activities. The soil
is contaminated with VOCs, as well as heavy metals such as lead. Before cleanup
activities began, the levels of contamination of the groundwater and soils were well
above acceptable health-based limits. Trespassers who came in direct contact with
or accidentally ingested contaminated groundwater or soil on the site may have
been at risk. The residents in the area obtain drinking water from municipal wells
which were not affected by this site; however, site contamination could have
migrated to these wells if cleanup actions had not been taken. This site is one of
many contributors to the overall contamination of the Biscayne Aquifer. A
treatment system has been installed at the public water supply plants to remove
heavy metals and VOCs before water enters the distribution system.
March 1992
42
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, 1989, and 1990, Seaboard removed five tank truck loads
of contaminated bulk liquids, 1,600 cubic yards of contaminated sludges and soils,
and 2,500 leaking drums.
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site that
included excavating and removing soil and sludges to a federally approved facility;
recovering the contaminated groundwater and treating it before discharging it; and
removing and disposing of storage tanks and various structures and debris on the site. An air
stripping system for treating the contaminated groundwater has been installed, and has
treated approximately 30,000,000 gallons of contaminated groundwater to date.
Site Facts: In 1982, Seaboard Coast Line Railroad evicted Gold Coast Oil from the
property and volunteered to perform initial removal activities. The EPA has negotiated an
agreement with 14 companies formerly associated with this site to finance and perform the
cleanup under EPA supervision.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated soil and other materials and installing a groundwater treatment
system, the EPA and the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination have made
substantial progress toward final cleanup of the Gold Coast Oil Corporation site. All direct
contact threats from the contaminated soil have been eliminated. Ongoing treatment
continues to reduce groundwater contamination levels at the site.
Site Repository
West Bade Regional Library, 9445 Coral Way, Miami, FL 33165
GOLD COAST OIL CORPORATION 43 March 1992
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HARRIS
CORPORATION/
(PALM BAY FACILI
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD000602334
EPA REGION 4
Brevard County
Palm Bay
Other Names:
Harris Semiconductor
Harris Building 100
Harris Government
(Electronics) Systems
Harris Corp./
General Development Utilities
Site Description
The Harris Corporation site covers about 500 acres, and General Development Utilities, Inc.
(GDU) occupies part of the site. Harris manufactures a wide variety of electronic devices and
components, while GDU provides drinking water and manages the wastewater collection,
treatment, and disposal system for much of Palm Bay. GDU's well field consists of 25
producing wells and is located adjacent to and downgradient from the Harris facility. The
EPA found the wells to be contaminated as a result of manufacturing operations at Harris.
GDU provides approximately 33,000 residents of Palm Bay with drinking water.
Approximately 27,500 people live within 3 miles of the site. Also included within the 3-mile
radius are schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and a park.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and heavy metals including chromium and lead from former process waste disposal
practices. People who are exposed to the contaminated groundwater may be at
risk.
44
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on groundwater treatment and surface water and sediments treatment.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: One well at GDU has been taken out of service. Harris
operates two extraction/treatment systems, with the effluent used as process
water. This process water is treated and then injected into a deep well. Harris also
paid for an air stripper at GDU for the treatment of water from seven production wells.
Groundwater Treatment: Harris installed a groundwater treatment system in
1985. According to tests conducted in 1988, groundwater contamination levels
have already been reduced. In 1990, Harris implemented a second groundwater
treatment process which pumps the water and removes contaminants by air stripping. The
removed contaminants are treated further before being released into the atmosphere. Both
groundwater treatments are expected to continue until 1996.
Source Control: The EPA will monitor a study of the type and extent of surface
water and sediment contamination being performed by Harris. Once the study is
finished in late 1994, alternatives for cleanup will be recommended.
Site Facts: In 1983 and again in 1990, the State and Harris Corporation signed a Consent
Agreement for Harris to develop a groundwater restoration system.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment facility continues to reduce the potential for exposure to
hazardous substances at the Harris Corp. (Palm Bay Facility) and is protecting the public
water supply while further investigations take place.
Site Repository
Palm Bay Public Library, 1520 Port Malabar Boulevard, N.E. Palm Bay, FL 32905
HARRIS CORPORATION/ 45 March 1992
(PALM BAY FACILITY)
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HELENA CH
COMPANY (Tp/IPA
PLANT)
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD053502696
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Tampa
Helena Chemical Company is an 8-acre site in a primarily industrial area of Tampa, Florida.
Helena Chemical, which is owned by Marubeni America Corporation, acquired the property
from Flag Sulphur. Since 1981, the company has used the site to store, repackage, and
distribute liquid pesticides. The company occasionally manufactures small quantities of liquid
pesticides on demand. From 1967 to 1981, manufacturing operations were shifted to another
Helena Facility and the Tampa plant received bulk shipments of various agricultural
chemicals that were then formulated into liquid fertilizers and nutritional products. Raw
materials used to formulate pesticides at the site included liquid zinc, liquid manganese,
toluene, and xylene. Wastes generated at the site included liquid solvent runoff containing
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and heavy metals. Until 1972, liquid solvent
runoff entered into a small holding pond. From 1974 to 1981, Helena treated and neutralized
liquid pesticide wastes in a system involving three interconnected underground tanks. Since at
least 1976, the facility has used a retention pond to contain storm water runoff, and possibly
to contain spillage from the liquid processing plant. EPA investigations conducted during 1989
and 1990 detected pesticides and pesticide constituents in on-site and off-site groundwater
and soil. An estimated 6,300 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells
within 4 miles of the site, the nearest being a private well 1/4 of a mile northwest of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
Threats and Contaminants
On-site and off-site groundwater and soil are contaminated with pesticides; VOCs,
including toluene and xylene; and heavy metals, including manganese and zinc.
46
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed through one long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
cleanup.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are
planning an investigation into contamination of the groundwater and soil. This
investigation, scheduled to begin in mid-1993, will help determine remedies for
Environmental Progress
EPA studies show that no immediate human health and safety risks exist while further
investigations are planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY
(TAMPA PLANT)
47
March 1992
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HIPPS ROAD^
LANDFILL
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980709802
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Duval County
Jacksonville Heights
The Hipps Road Landfill site covers 7 acres in what was once a cypress swamp. The site
area includes the landfill and an adjacent pond. During the 1960s, the facility accepted
municipal and industrial wastes including cans of trichloroethylene (TCE) and artillery rounds
from U.S. Navy facilities. The landfill ceased operations in 1970, was covered with a layer of
soil, and was sold in residential lots. Concerns first were reported in the early 1970s, when a
pond adjacent to the landfill developed a thick, smelly film, and fish and nearby vegetation
died. The area residents depended exclusively on private wells for water until tests in 1983
showed contamination. Residents were given bottled water until the City extended the
municipal water system. A residential area of about 150 homes surrounds the site. In the
spring and summer of 1988, the potentially responsible party purchased and removed five
homes from the site. A clay cap was placed over the landfill in 1990 to reduce infiltration
and migration of contaminants. In addition, an eight-foot security fence was installed around
the site. The landfill is situated above the flood plain. Surface water is used for swimming,
boating, and fishing.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including vinyl chloride and benzene. Fish and vegetation at a nearby pond have
been threatened by contaminants originating from the landfill. People who come
in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated water may suffer adverse
health effects; however, this is unlikely as the area residents have access to the
municipal water system, thereby eliminating the possibility of people ingesting the
contaminated groundwater.
48
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the EPA connected affected residences in the area
to the municipal water line. In 1986, the potentially responsible party purchased
and removed five houses from the site.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site. This
remedy was amended in 1990 and includes recovering the groundwater and air
stripping it to remove the contaminants and properly closing the landfill. The
second aspect of the site cleanup plan, the landfill cover system, was completed in 1990 by
Wastecontrol, Inc., the potentially responsible party. An eight-foot high security fence also
was installed around the site. In addition, a plan to plug and abandon private wells that may
be used for irrigation is scheduled to be implemented during the summer of 1992.
Wastecontrol, Inc. has completed the technical specifications and design for groundwater
cleanup. Construction of the groundwater treatment system is expected to begin in mid-1992
and end in early 1993. This system is expected to operate through 1997. Monitoring
activities to ensure that the remedies have cleaned the site effectively are scheduled to
continue for 20 years, using funds provided by the State of Florida.
Site Facts: In 1989, Wastecontrol, Inc. and the EPA entered into a Consent Decree (CD).
Wastecontrol, Inc. agreed to design the landfill cover system and the groundwater recovery
system; they have completed the landfill closure. In January 1992, Wastecontrol, Inc. and the
EPA entered into an amended Consent Decree. Pursuant to the Consent Decree,
Wastecontrol, Inc. agreed to construct the groundwater treatment system.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate water supply to nearby residents, removing houses from the site,
and covering the landfill, the EPA and the potentially responsible party have eliminated
immediate hazards at the Hipps Road Landfill site while cleanup activities continue. The
completed landfill cap also has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials and
has prevented the further spread of contaminants to the groundwater.
Site Repository
Jacksonville Public Library, Webb Wisconnett Branch, 6681 103rd Street,
Jacksonville, FL 32210
HIPPS ROAD LANDFILL 49 March 1992
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HOLLINGSW
SOLDERLESS
TERMINAL
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD004119681
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Broward County
Fort Lauderdale
The Hollingsworth Solderless Terminal site is located on 3 1/2 acres in an industrial and
residential area of Fort Lauderdale. The plant was in operation from 1968 to 1982 as a
solderless terminal manufacturing facility. The manufacturing process included using molten
salt baths, degreasing parts, and electroplating. The wash and process waters, which
contained varying concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE) and heavy metals, were disposed
of in on-site drainfields, by surface discharges, and in a 100-foot-deep injection well. In
addition, wastes periodically entered the ground through spillage or other smaller drainfields.
Several communities in the vicinity of the site draw water from the shallow Biscayne Aquifer.
The nearest residential area is located approximately 200 yards southeast of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including vinyl chloride and TCE from
former process wastes, have been detected in some of the monitoring wells on the
site. VOCs and heavy metals including copper and tin have been detected in the
soil. Potential health risks may exist for individuals who ingest, come into direct
contact with, or inhale VOCs from the contaminated groundwater or soil.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
so
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, Hollingsworth took several steps to determine the
extent of contamination at the site. The company pumped the injection well,
installed 16 on-site monitoring wells, sampled soil, conducted a groundwater
gradient study, and sampled public wells. In 1987, the EPA excavated the old drainfields,
exposed contaminated soil to air to allow contaminants to evaporate, and replaced the
cleaned soil in the drainfields.
Entire Site: The approved cleanup plan for the site includes: excavation, aeration,
on-site replacement of VOC-contaminated soils, and recovery of contaminated
groundwater from the sand zones of the aquifer, with treatment and reinjection
into the aquifer. Aeration of the soils is nearly completed; construction of the groundwater
treatment system is expected to be completed in 1992. Cleanup activities for the entire site
are scheduled to be completed by 1993.
Environmental Progress
The pumping of the well and evaporation of contaminants have reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials at the facility or through the public water supply while the
planned cleanup activities are being implemented.
Site Repository
Broward County Library System, Ft. Lauderdale Branch, 1000 South Andrews Avenue,
Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301
HOLLINGSWORTH SOLDERLESS TERMINAL
51
March 1992
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HOMESTEAD
FORCE BASE
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FL7570024037
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
25 miles southwest of Miami
The Homestead Air Force Base (AFB) site lies approximately 2 miles west of Biscayne Bay.
The surrounding area is semi-rural, and most of the base borders on agricultural land. Work
to support the base mission includes fuel storage (JP-4, gasoline, diesel, heating oil),
transportation systems, and various maintenance shops. These activities have resulted in
waste materials being discharged into the environment, including petroleum hydrocarbon
fuels, solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals. Current disposal practices are surveyed regularly
for conformance with local, State, and Federal regulations. The base is surrounded by a
canal that discharges into Military Canal and, ultimately, into Biscayne Bay. An estimated
1,600 people obtain drinking water from the Biscayne Aquifer, and 18,000 acres of farmland
within 3 miles of the site are irrigated from wells. The aquifer, which underlies the site, is the
sole source of potable water in the area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with petroleum from former disposal practices.
The canals surrounding Homestead AFB probably are hydraulically connected with
the aquifer, and contaminants have discharged into surface waters. Health risks
may exist for individuals who come in direct contact with or drink contaminated
groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
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March 1992
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Air Force has been conducting various studies at the site, and is
conducting cleanup actions at one petroleum site. A thorough study of the entire
site began in 1990 to determine the extent of contamination on site and to identify
alternative technologies for the cleanup. The work at the site has been grouped into 11
areas, for which separate cleanup decisions are expected. All studies are scheduled to be
completed by 1994, at which time cleanup remedies will be selected.
Site Facts: Homestead AFB is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA and the U.S. Air Force performed preliminary
site investigations and determined that there were no immediate actions currently necessary
at the Homestead Air Force Base while further investigations and cleanup activities are
taking place.
Site Repository
Homestead Branch Public Library, 700 North Homestead Boulevard, Homestead, FL 33032
HOMESTEAD AIR FORCE BASE
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March 1992
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JACKSONVIL
NAVAL AIR StA
FLORIDA
EPA ID#FL6170024412
EPA REGION 4
Duval County
9 miles south of Jacksonville
Site Description
The Jacksonville Naval Air Station (NAS) site is located approximately 9 miles south of
downtown Jacksonville. The mission of Jacksonville NAS is to provide facilities, services, and
managerial support for the operation and maintenance of naval weapons and aircraft as
designated by the Chief of Naval Operations. Work in support of the base mission includes
fuel storage for the transportation systems and the overhaul, intermediate maintenance, and
repair of aircraft and engines. Maintenance activities over the years generated a variety of
materials, some of which were disposed of in a landfill on the base. These materials include
wastes resulting from construction activities; municipal solid waste and municipal wastewater
treatment plant sludge; and miscellaneous industrial wastes, including waste oils or solvents,
paints, radium paint waste, wastewaters containing heavy metals, and spilled fuels. Current
disposal practices are regulated for conformance with local, State, and Federal regulations.
Three aquifers underlie the Jacksonville NAS site: the Surficial, the Intermediate, and the
Floridian. Drinking water is supplied to the base via wells that tap the Floridian Aquifer.
Off-base residents use the Intermediate aquifer as a drinking water source. Approximately
300 people draw drinking water from private wells in shallow groundwater within 3 miles of
the Naval Air Station.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
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March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
The Navy found volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), and heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, and lead in soils and the
shallow groundwater near the potential sources of contamination. The Navy also
found lead, chromium, and cadmium in the St. Johns River. There is no potential
for direct contact with contaminants because on-base housing is located adjacent
to a capped landfill. Several creeks and two small lakes are on the site. The St.
Johns River is classified by the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation
as Class III waters; it is used for recreation and the propagation and management
of fish and wildlife. The St. Johns River has a potential for contamination from
glass beads used in aircraft paint stripping that were disposed of in the river. The
station encompasses freshwater wetlands and critical habitats for the Florida
manatee and the bald eagle, both designated as endangered species by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases directed at cleanup of the oil and solvent disposal pit area and the wastewater
treatment and industrial areas.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Due to military construction, contaminated soil was
removed in early 1992.
Oil and Solvent Disposal Pit Area: The Navy is conducting an investigation
into the nature and extent of contamination in the oil and solvent disposal area.
Upon completion in 1995, a cleanup remedy will be selected.
Wastewater Treatment and Industrial Areas: The Navy had taken interim
measures to control oil and solvents runoff from the old main dump into the St.
Johns River, however, the system is no longer operating. The Navy plans further
investigations of releases of hazardous substances and their migration from the wastewater
treatment area and the industrial area. These investigations, scheduled to begin in 1992, will
reveal the nature and extent of the contamination problems at the station and will
recommend the best strategies for final cleanup.
Site Facts: Jacksonville NAS is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a
specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities.
JACKSONVILLE NAVAL AIR STATION 55 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has reduced immediate threats to the health of the nearby
population while investigations are being conducted.
Site Repository
Information is no longer available.
March 1992
56
JACKSONVILLE NAVAL AIR STATION
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KASSOUF-
KIMMERLIN
BATTERY
DISPOSAL
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980727820
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Tampa
Other Names:
Tlmberlake Battery Disposal
58th Street Landfill
The Kassouf-Kimmerling Battery Disposal site includes a 1-acre landfill and a 4-acre wetland
located in Tampa. Before 1978, this site was mined for peat, but in 1978, excavations in the
marsh were filled 6 to 12 feet deep with lead battery casings and fill dirt that is now covered
with a layer of soil. The site is bordered on the east and west by freshwater marshland. Water
flows from the western to the eastern marsh via a canal across the landfill; a large lake lies to
the north. The immediate area of the landfill is uninhabited and is bordered on three sides by
dense plant growth. Approximately 1,500 wells are located within a 3-mile radius, although
sampling has detected no well contamination off the site. The population of the surrounding
neighborhood is about 5,500. The area to the south of the site is commercial and residential,
with several churches, a school, restaurants, offices, and a currently inactive fish farm nearby.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and surface water on the site are contaminated with heavy
metals including lead, cadmium, and arsenic from former waste disposal activities.
Off-site contamination is restricted to some lead in surface water and sediments.
People exposed to site contaminants over a long period of time could face health
threats.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and
cleanup of the marsh area.
Response Action Status
Source Control: The EPA selected a remedy for source control at this site in
1989, which includes: (1) excavating the landfill wastes and contaminated
underlying soils; (2) solidifying them and applying chemical fixation; (3) disposing
of them on site in the landfill area. The design of the selected remedy began in 1991 and is
expected to be completed in late 1992.
Marsh: The EPA arrived at a decision for cleanup of the contaminated marsh in
1990. Potentially responsible parties currently are designing the remedy and
preparing specifications for the selected cleanup technologies. The EPA plans to
remove the marsh sediment within 20 feet of the battery landfill to a depth of 2 feet below
the sediment surface and to remove the sediments from the canal east of the site extending
150 feet from the battery landfill to a depth of 2 feet. Approximately 1,500 cubic yards of
contaminated sediments will be excavated from the marsh. The excavated sediments will be
treated using a solidification and stabilization technology and will be placed with the solidified
landfill materials. The remainder of the marsh sediments will remain on site because
removing the contaminated material may cause contaminants to migrate. In addition, the
canal that currently allows the marsh to drain will be redesigned to allow the marsh to remain
permanently flooded. Existing wetlands also will be enlarged to compensate for the adverse
effects caused by site contaminants. The design for the marsh cleanup activities will be
incorporated in the design for the source control.
Site Facts: In 1983, the EPA issued an order requiring the potentially responsible parties to
monitor the groundwater and surface water, perform analysis of the battery fill material, and
conduct general soil sampling.
Environmental Progress
After preliminary investigations, the EPA determined that the Kassouf-Kimmerling Battery
Disposal site does not pose an immediate threat to public health or the environment while
engineering designs are being completed and the final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Tampa-Hillsborough Public Library, 900 North Ashley Drive, Tampa, FL 33602
March 1992 58 KASSOUF-KIMMERLING BATTERY DISPOSAL
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MADISON C
SANITARY LAND
FLORIDA
EPAID#FLD981019235
EPA REGION 4
Madison County
Northeast of Madison
Site Description
The Madison County Landfill is a 133-acre site northeast of Madison that was owned and
operated by the City of Madison from 1971 until 1980. Industrial waste generated by local
industries reportedly was disposed of at the landfill, along with municipal waste, waste
solvents, and waste buffing compounds. During that time, ITT Thompson Industries, Inc.
disposed of drums and waste containing trichloroethene and other compounds. The County
bought the landfill in 1980 and has been operating it since then. The landfill is licensed by the
State to accept municipal solid waste. In 1984, the County found trichloroethene in
monitoring wells on the site and in private wells nearby. An estimated 95 private wells and 3
city wells are within 3 miles of the site. Contamination of these wells threatens the drinking
water supply of 4,400 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State,
County, municipal, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including trichloroethene from former waste
disposal practices, were detected in on-site monitoring wells and private wells near
the site. Similar contaminants have been identified in the surface soils located
within the landfilled areas. Ingestion of contaminated groundwater and direct
contact with contaminated soil and groundwater pose the most significant health
risks.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
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March 1992
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1984, Madison County and the Suwanee River Water
Management District installed a groundwater monitoring network at the landfill.
Later that year during routine sampling activities, the Florida Health and
Rehabilitation Service (HRS) detected unacceptable concentrations of several VOCs in the
groundwater. This prompted the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER)
to investigate the contents of the landfill. ITT Thompson was identified as having disposed of
industrial waste in the landfill and therefore assisted FDER in performing two drum removal
operations in 1984 and 1985. All materials were transported to an EPA-approved hazardous
waste facility. When private wells in the vicinity of the landfill were found to be
contaminated, the City, and later ITT Thompson, provided bottled water and ice to affected
families. In addition, the City, County and ITT Thompson installed water filtering systems
and connected the affected homes to city water lines, ensuring that a safe drinking water
supply was available to these families.
Entire Site: In 1990, ITT Thompson began an extensive study of the site's
pollution problems. This investigation is analyzing the nature and extent of
groundwater and soil contamination and will evaluate the best alternatives for final
cleanup. The study is scheduled for completion in mid-1992.
Site Facts: In February 1986, the FDER entered into a Consent Agreement with the City,
County, and ITT Thompson, requiring them to investigate groundwater and soil
contamination near the site. The alternate water supply activities which occurred in 1988
were completed by the potentially responsible parties under a Consent Order with the State.
In June 1990, the EPA entered into a Consent Order with ITT Thompson, the City, and the
county. This order required ITT Thompson to investigate the nature and extent of
contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The drum removal and the provision of an alternate drinking water supply have reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminated substances at the Madison County Landfill site or to
contaminated groundwater while investigations into the final cleanup strategies are being
conducted.
Site Repository
North Florida Junior College Library, Turner Davis Drive, Madison, FL 32340
March 1992 60 MADISON COUNTY SANITARY LANDFILL
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MIAMI DRUM
SERVICES
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD076027820
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Miami
Other Names:
Blscayne Aquifer
Miami Drum Services recycled drums for 15 years on this 1-acre site in a predominantly
industrial area of Miami. While the company was in operation, as many as 5,000 drums of
various chemical wastes including corrosives, solvents, phenols, and toxic metals were
observed on the site. Surface spills and percolation of contaminated wastewater saturated the
soil at the facility. The Biscayne Aquifer, which underlies the site, is contaminated with
various toxic organic solvents and heavy metals. The site is about 750 feet from the Medley
Well Field, which extracts drinking water from the Biscayne Aquifer during peak demand
periods. Groundwater is less than 3 feet below the surface. Dade County obtained a court
order to close the facility in 1981. The property, now owned by the County, became part of
its new mass transit system. The EPA gave Dade County the funds to clean up the site, and
the County recommended excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soil, timed to meet
its construction schedule. This site, along with the Northwest 58th Street Landfill and the
Varsol Spill Site, have been studied together as the "Biscayne Aquifer Sites." Proposed on the
NPL as a unit, they were considered to be a serious potential threat to regional water supply.
The three sites eventually were listed on the NPL as individual sites.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State,
County, and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs), primarily vinyl chloride
from former waste disposal activities. On-site soils were contaminated with
phenols, heavy metals, oil and grease, pesticides, and other materials from the
drum-cleaning operation. People who come in direct contact with or accidentally
ingest contaminated groundwater may be at risk. No health threats exist for soils
as a result of the cleanup activities.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA formally selected the remedies for this site in 1982 and
1985. Cleanup was separated into two phases: source control and groundwater
cleanup. Source Control: The EPA accepted the source control strategy proposed
by Dade County in 1981. The County mobilized its transportation funds to speed up cleanup
activities, and by early 1982, 8,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil had been removed to an
off-site disposal facility, and almost a million gallons of groundwater were pumped and
treated. Later in 1982, the EPA funded the County's cleanup actions and a more intensive
study of how contaminated groundwater was moving from the site. The 1982 cleanup
activities were adequate to control the source of contaminants, and the site is now a railroad
yard for the County Transit Authority. Groundwater: The remedy selected in 1985 was to add
air strippers at two water treatment plants. This technology evaporates volatile contaminants
out of the water. The State undertook the engineering design for groundwater cleanup and
finished it in 1987. Construction is expected to be completed by mid-1992, however some air
stripping towers are already in operation.
Site Facts: Dade County filed suit against the former owner in 1981, seeking recovery of all
funds spent for site cleanup, compensatory damages for harm to natural resources, and
punitive damages. The EPA filed a cost recovery action. Cleanup activities initially were
delayed because the State declined to conduct them, but the EPA negotiated a Cooperative
Agreement with the local government, as well as a contract for assurances with the State.
Historic preservationists were concerned that the air strippers proposed for cleaning up the
groundwater would block the view of the historic Hialeah Water Treatment Plant, but a
compromise solved the problem.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup activities at the Miami Drum Services site have been successful in controlling the
source of contaminants, and efforts are being focused on treatment of the groundwater. The
EPA determined that the site does not presently pose an immediate threat to public health or
the environment while further actions are being planned to permanently clean up the
contaminated groundwater.
Site Repository
Miami-Dade County Public Library, 101 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33130
March 1992 62 MIAMI DRUM SERVICES
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MUNISPORT
LANDFILL
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD084535442
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
North Miami
Site Description
The Munisport Landfill occupies a tract of land, approximately 30 acres in size, within a
larger 291-acre parcel of land owned by the City of North Miami, Florida. A developer leased
the land from the City of North Miami and filled low-lying areas with clean fill and
construction debris. By 1974, the landfill was accepting municipal refuse. Between 1972 and
1981, its operators piled several million cubic yards of solid waste 40 feet high, and the facility
was eventually shut down for improper disposal practices. The site's operators created eight
deep lakes on the site when they excavated the refuse and used debris to cover the piles.
Disposal records show that the site accepted domestic garbage, yard refuse, construction
debris, and hospital pathological wastes. Three major sampling and monitoring efforts were
mounted in the 1980s by the EPA and the City of North Miami. The site is bordered by
major roads, Florida International University, and a mangrove swamp, which separates the
site from Biscayne Bay. The Bay is classified as an outstanding Florida waterway and nature
preserve and is a major recreational area. Mangrove wetlands, which are becoming
increasingly rare, are valuable as wildlife habitat.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Pollutants detected in groundwater, soil, and leachate samples include elevated
levels of ammonia and low levels of heavy metals, pesticides, and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from the former waste disposal activities. No public health risk
exists under current uses because possible exposure routes contain relatively low
levels of contaminants. A threat to the environment exists, however, due to the
migration of leachate from the site into the Mangrove Preserve. Contamination of
the preserve can be particularly serious because many pollutants, even at very low
levels, can damage aquatic life and can bioaccumulate and concentrate in the food
chain. Birds from the rookery in Greyolds Park feed in the Mangrove Swamp and
are threatened by possible contaminants there.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA began an intensive study of soil and water pollution at the
site in 1987. A subsequent study of the Mangrove Preserve was conducted in 1989.
In 1990, the EPA selected the cleanup remedy from the alternatives resulting from
the investigation. Leachate will be treated for ammonia contamination in "air stripping
ponds," after which it will be cycled back through the landfill. In addition, the flow of leachate
into a Mangrove Preserve will be halted by the construction of a hydraulic barrier. Pre-
design studies are scheduled to begin in mid-1992. Data will be collected and used during the
design of the Superfund cleanup and landfill closure.
Site Facts: Environmentalists and the State of Florida are concerned about the threat to
aquatic organisms in the preserve and are working with the EPA to develop a cleanup plan
for the site. Though no air pollution data are available, nuisance odors led to three citations
while the site was active. The City of North Miami, as the only party potentially responsible
for contamination at this site, signed a Consent Decree on September 29, 1991 to perform
the remedy chosen by EPA.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were needed to protect the public at the Munisport
Landfill site while engineering designs are being planned.
Site Repository
Florida International University Library, North Miami Campus Library,
North Miami, FL 33181
March 1992 64 MUNISPORT LANDFILL
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NORTHWES
STREET LANDFIl
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980602643
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Near the Town of Medley
Other Names:
Biscayne Aquifer
Site Description
The Northwest 58th Street Landfill site, near the City of Miami Springs, is one of three NPL
sites that comprise the Biscayne Aquifer Superfund Study. The landfill is a 1-square-mile site
near Hialeah, along the eastern edge of the Everglades wetlands. From 1952 to 1982, the site
operated as a municipal landfill, receiving approximately 60,000 tons of waste in 1952 and
increasing annually over the 30 years of operation to over 1,000,000 tons per year. Small
quantities of household hazardous materials, such as pesticides, paints, and solvents were
considered to be municipal waste. In 1975, the landfill operation initiated a program of
providing daily cover to the site; however, prior to this, the operation did not compact wastes
or add daily cover. Since 1982, the landfill has received only quarry wastes of water-based
paint sludges. The landfill is no longer receiving waste and is undergoing formal closure
procedures. Two major groups of public water supply well fields are located downgradient
within 2 miles of the site. These wells serve an estimated 750,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State,
County, and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
Leachate from the landfill has contaminated groundwater with heavy metals
including arsenic and lead, as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as
vinyl chloride. Potential risks to individuals exist if they drink the contaminated
groundwater. In 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey identified a leachate plume
migrating westerly from the site. The County is selectively pumping well fields and
has constructed hydraulic barriers to control the plume.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The cleanup plan to be completed by the potentially responsible
parties includes: controlling leachate generation by a combination of grading,
drainage control, and capping; providing a public water supply to replace
approximately 60 wells; and landfill closure. The parties completed installing an alternate
water supply in 1988 and a leachate interception system in 1989. Additional cover has been
applied to the landfill. In early 1991, the contract for grading, capping the landfill with a
synthetic membrane, and constructing a stormwater management system, roads, berms,
swales, and retention areas was awarded. Closure of the landfill is scheduled to be completed
by 1993.
Site Facts: The State of Florida has a civil suit pending against Dade County for failure to
cease operations by August 1981. The State and County are working together to develop a
final plan for closing the facility. The Department of Justice completed all notice
requirements to the potentially responsible parties and filed the Consent Decree with the
court in January 1989. The County has repaid EPA for past cleanup costs and is in
compliance with the Consent Decree.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply and the installation of a leachate control system
and additional cover at the Northwest 58th Street Landfill site have reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials while final cleanup activities are being completed.
Site Repository
Miami-Dade County Public Library, 101 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33130
March 1992 66 NORTHWEST 58TH STREET LANDFILL
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PARRAMORES
SURPLUS
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD041140344
EPA REGION 4
Gadsden County
Mount Pleasant
Site Description
The Parramore Surplus site is a 25-acre storage and resale company for Navy and Air Force
surplus equipment. Beginning in 1972, Parramore began storing drums on the property. The
Florida Department of Environmental Regulations (FDER) inspected the site and found 400
to 600 drums, some of which were leaking and killing the vegetation. The site is located in a
low-density residential area with approximately 20 homes in the immediate vicinity of the site.
Less than 100 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. The area surrounding the site is
primarily agricultural and forest land.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 02/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
The soil was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals including lead.
Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on source control at the site.
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March 1992
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Response Action Status
Source Control: The EPA, the Florida Department of Environmental
Regulations (FDER), and the owner of Parramore agreed that Parramore would
remove the surface contamination. After the removal was completed, samples were
taken of the soil and three new areas of contamination were located. Parramore cleaned up
these areas as well. Sampling after the second removal in 1983 indicated that the
contamination had been removed. In 1985, a modified investigation was conducted by the
EPA to determine whether all source materials had been removed and whether there was any
groundwater contamination directly related to the site. The investigation determined that all
sources of contamination had been successfully removed, with the exception of the three
small areas that had been the target of the second cleanup. It was determined that the
amount of contamination present in these areas would not damage the environment or
threaten public health. A groundwater quality assessment was recommended, however, to
ensure that no groundwater contamination had occurred from past releases of hazardous
substances at the site. Groundwater monitoring wells were installed, followed by two periods
of groundwater sampling and analyses to ensure that the groundwater had not been adversely
affected by past releases of hazardous substances. The monitoring was completed in 1987,
and the site was found to be within federal standards and no threat to human health or the
environment. The site was deleted from the NPL on February 21, 1989.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities, including groundwater monitoring, were completed and the Parramore
Surplus site was deleted from the NPL in 1989. The cleanup actions have achieved all
established goals for surface contamination, and the site is now safe to nearby residents and
the environment.
Site Repository
Information is no longer available.
March 1992
68
PARRAMORE SURPLUS
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PEAK OIL
BAY DRUM
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD004091807
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Tampa
Other Names:
Bay Drums
Site Description
The 15-acre Peak Oil/Bay Drum site was constructed and began operations in 1954. Peak Oil
operations involved the use of a refining process to purify used oils and lubrication fluids.
Major compounds accepted for recycling were used crank-case oil, hydraulic fluid, and some
transformer fluids. An acid/clay purification and filtration process that generated sludge and
oil-saturated clay was used from 1954 until 1977, and these substances were discharged to
three unlined lagoons. Two of the lagoons have been backfilled. The Peak Oil site is located
within 2 miles of the Brandon Well Field, which is part of the Hillsborough County water
supply system. Surface water from the Peak Oil site drains to a wetland area to the
southwest. Several private wells are located in the immediate vicinity of the contaminated
site, including a 200-foot deep Floridian Aquifer well and a production well at the adjacent
Reeves Southeastern Wire Corporation, also on the NPL. Residential neighborhoods, light
manufacturing facilities, warehouses, a wetland, and Hillsborough County's refuse-to-energy
plant are located in the area around the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The soils, sludges, surface water, and sediments on site are contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy
metals including arsenic and lead from former process wastes. In addition, the
groundwater is contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals. Potential health
threats in the area may come from contact with contaminated on-site soils or
surface water runoff. There are several aquifers and a wetland in the area that
may contain contaminants from the site.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the peak source, groundwater, bay source, and wetlands area.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Incineration of contaminants was approved, and, in 1986,
contaminated soils were excavated and prepared for test burns in a mobile
incinerator. As of 1987, more than 1,500 tons of contaminated soil had been
incinerated and non-hazardous debris was disposed of on-site. In 1989, tanks were cut up and
disposed of off site. Used oil, contaminated with PCBs, and tank sludges also were disposed
of off site. This cleanup action was completed in 1990. Mixed oil and water were removed
and taken to an approved off-site facility.
Peak Source Area: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are
studying the nature and extent of on-site soil contamination and the ash pile
resulting from the incineration. Field activities for an area-wide hydrogeological
study began in 1989. Fields activities to identify the source of the contamination also began in
1989. The investigation is planned for completion in late 1992, at which time appropriate
remedies for site cleanup will be selected.
Groundwater: An investigation into the nature and extent of the contamination
of the groundwater was initiated in 1988 by the potentially responsible parties.
The investigation, expected to be completed in late 1992, will identify remedies to
Bay Source Area: the potentially responsible parties are currently studying the
nature and extent of contamination in the bay source area. The study is expected
to be completed in late 1992 and will result in alternatives to clean up the bay
Wetlands: The potentially responsible parties began a study in 1988 to explore
the nature and extent of contamination in the wetlands area. The study is
expected to be completed in 1993 and will result in alternatives to clean up the
wetlands area.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent for the site source characterization and the
area-wide hydrogeological cleanup investigation became effective in 1989.
March 1992 70 PEAK OIL CO./ BAY DRUM CO.
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Environmental Progress
The treatment of soil and disposal of some liquid wastes have greatly reduced the potential
for exposure to hazardous substances at the Peak Oil Co./Bay Drum Co. site. These actions
have protected the public health and have prevented further environmental damage studies
are being conducted at the site.
Site Repository
Brandon Branch Public Library, 135 West Robertson Street, Brandon, FL 33511
PEAK OIL CO./ BAY DRUM CO.
71
March 1992
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PENSACOLA S^F^FSEa EPFA RhEGrION 4
/ /f^^TSA^pA Escambia County
Kl AW A I A ID v ; J Vr^VA 6 miles southwest of Pensacola
STATION
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FL9170024567
Site Description
The Pensacola Naval Air Station (NAS) is located on approximately 5,900 acres and is the
home of two major industrial tenant commands: the Naval Aviation Depot and the Public
Works Center. Work in support of the base mission includes fuel storage and transportation
systems and depot-level maintenance and repair of aircraft and engines. Maintenance
activities over the years generated a variety of disposed materials including waste materials
from construction activities, municipal solid waste, and municipal wastewater treatment plant
sludge. Miscellaneous industrial wastes including waste oils or solvents, paints, electroplating
wastes, radium paint wastes, and insecticides were discharged to storm sewers until 1973,
when an industrial sewer and wastewater treatment system were installed. Current disposal
practices are monitored regularly for conformance with local, State, and Federal regulations.
The groundwater aquifer at Pensacola NAS extends to a depth of approximately 400 feet.
There are three drinking water wells on the facility tapping the upper aquifer. An estimated
15,000 people on Pensacola NAS and 30,000 customers of Peoples' Water Co. obtain
drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the hazardous substances on site. The surface
water bodies surrounding the site include Pensacola Bay and a tidal creek known as Bayou
Grande. These surface waters are classified by the Florida Department of Environmental
Regulation as Class III water, for recreational use and the propagation and management of
fish and wildlife.
o-» B -U-I-. T, . . . , . ,, , , . NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through proposed Date: 07/14/89
Federal actions. Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene and ethyl benzene from
former waste disposal practices, were detected in the monitoring wells. Arsenic and
pesticide compounds were found in soil samples taken at a pesticide mixing area.
Heavy metals were detected in surface water and sediments. Drinking water wells
currently are assumed to be upgradient of the base. A large hazardous waste
landfill is located next to the base golf course and a picnic area. The NAS Marina
is located where a storm drain from the electroplating shops emptied into the
bayou. Direct contact during recreation is a possibility for those on base and could
pose a health risk.
72 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed through five long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of 17
specific areas of the site.
Response Action Status
Batch 1: The Navy is currently investigating the nature and extent of
contamination of several large landfills, areas of waterfront sediment
contamination, and pesticide disposal and mixing areas. An initial investigation has
been completed at these sites and the full investigation is targeted for completion in 1993.
Batch 2: Naval investigations are being conducted at several disposal areas, areas
of soil contamination, two sites associated with a Radium Paint shop, a firefighting
training area and the facility's Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWTP)
sewer. An initial investigation was recently completed at these sites and the full investigation
is targeted for completion in late 1993.
Batch 3: The Navy is focusing an investigation into the IWTP and associated
sites. The IWTP is also under a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) post-closure permit, and a groundwater remediation system is currently in
operation at the site. Full investigation of these areas is targeted for completion in early
1993.
Batch 4: Naval investigations are currently underway at several areas of
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination, rubble disposal areas, an area of
suspected soil contamination and a fuel disposal area adjacent to a Refueler
Repair shop. The full investigation is targeted for completion in late 1993.
Batch 5: A joint investigation by the Navy and the EPA, planned for late 1992,
will focus on several ecosystems: adjacent wetlands, Bayou Grande, and Pensacola
Bay. The goal of these investigations is to adequately characterize the nature and
extent of the effect of contamination of all sites on the larger ecosystems. -The investigations
are scheduled for completion in 1994.
Site Facts: Pensacola Naval Air Station is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in
1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military
and other DOD facilities.
PENSACOLA NAVAL AIR STATION 73 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
After adding the Pensacola Naval Air Station site to the NPL, the EPA evaluated conditions
and determined that no immediate threat to human health or the environment exists. The
ongoing investigations into the extent of contamination will determine the type of permanent
remedy needed at the site.
Site Repository
Pensacola Regional Library, 200 West Gregory Street, Pensacola, FL 32501
March 1992
74
PENSACOLA NAVAL AIR STATION
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PEPPER STE
& ALLOYS, INC.
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD032544587
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
10 miles northwest of Miami
The 30-acre Pepper Steel & Alloys, Inc. site is located in an industrial area with no sewage
system and is near three other NPL sites. Since the mid-1960s, the site has been the location
of several businesses. On-site activities included manufacturing of batteries, pre-cast concrete
products, and fiberglass boats, as well as the repair and service of trucks and heavy
equipment. Also, sandblasting and painting services, a concrete batching plant, and an
automobile scrap operation were located on the site. Pepper Steel's activities included
recycling of electrical transformers, where waste oil containing polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) was dumped on the site. Various trash and waste products from these activities,
including parts of rusted machinery, vehicles, aircraft, oil tanks, transformers, underground
storage tanks, and batteries were deposited at the site. Contamination has been identified in
the soil, sediments, and groundwater in and around the site. The site area is flat, and in many
places the groundwater is only 1 to 2 feet below the surface.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State,
County, and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
PCBs, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals such as lead and
arsenic from former site activities have been detected in the groundwater,
sediments, and soil. Accidental ingestion of and direct contact with contaminated
soil, groundwater, and sediments could pose a health hazard to nearby residents.
75
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Early in 1983, the EPA conducted a geophysical survey of the
site and identified about a dozen zones requiring further investigation. Soil
samples determined that PCBs were present in at least two zones. The EPA
removed soil in these zones and floating oil from the shallow aquifer underlying the site. The
EPA also drilled observation wells and sampled on-site wells and surface water in the
immediate area.
Entire Site: The following actions were chosen by the EPA for the site cleanup:
(1) collection and off-site disposal of all free oil; (2) excavation of soils containing
PCBs, lead, and arsenic; (3) solidification of the contaminated soil with a cement-
type mixture to prevent the migration of the contaminants; (4) institutional controls such as
deed restrictions to ensure that future land use is compatible with the site; and (5) monitoring
groundwater to ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup. Florida Power and Light started the
cleanup of the site in 1987. The site cleanup is completed, and the EPA has drafted a
closeout report. The EPA will monitor the site to ensure that the cleanup remedies are
effective. The site is scheduled to be deleted from the NPL in 1995.
Site Facts: The EPA, the State of Florida, the County of Dade, and Florida Power and
Light signed a Consent Decree in 1987. Based on this Decree, Florida Power and Light took
responsibility for the design and implementation of the cleanup procedure. The site is planned
to be deleted from the NPL after a five-year review.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities, including the removal of soils and liquid waste, are completed at the
Pepper Steel & Alloys, Inc. site. The site again is safe for nearby residents and the
environment while the EPA conducts a final review before deleting the site from the NPL.
Site Repository
Miami-Dade Public Library, 101 West Flager Street, Miami, FL 33130
March 1992 76 PEPPER STEEL & ALLOYS, INC.
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PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
CORPORATION
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980798698
EPA REGION 4
Broward County
Pembroke Park
Other Names:
Pembroke Road
Site Description
Petroleum Products Corporation refined, stored, and recycled oil on this 2-acre site from
1952 to 1972. Residents in a nearby trailer park became concerned when heavy rain triggered
an overflow of a disposal pit and produced an oil slick on a lake on the trailer park grounds
in 1970. The company initiated major changes in its operation and sold most of its property.
The northern half of the property was cleared and the disposal pit was filled in, but a tank
farm remained. In 1979, the State issued two warning notices to Petroleum Products because
of oil discharges from the tank farm area. The company cleaned up two oil-soaked areas,
rehabilitated the tank farm berm, and filled in low spots with clean fill. The site was
converted to the Pembroke Park Mini Warehouses in 1985 and now houses small industrial
and commercial businesses. The area surrounding the site is a rapidly developing and growing
residential area that supports a variety of recreational and industrial activities. The population
of Pembroke Park is 20,000. Approximately 150 people live in two trailer parks adjacent to
the site. There are more than 200 homes using public wells within 1/4 mile of the site. The
Hallandale municipal well field is 2 miles southeast of the site, and the Hollywood municipal
well field lies 3 miles northwest of the site; these well fields serve 150,000 people. Located
within the trailer park and a nearby golf course are a number of man-made lakes that are
used for irrigation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
77
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with oil, heavy metals including lead and chromium,
and low concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene
from the former process wastes. The soil is contaminated with lead and arsenic,
and sludges and surface water runoff are contaminated with lead. Soil, sludges, and
runoff also contain petroleum hydrocarbons. The well fields near the site draw
water from the Biscayne Aquifer. The aquifer beneath the site is connected to the
Floridian Aquifer, which is affected by salt water intrusion. Because most of the
contaminated soil at the site is underneath asphalt, there is little risk that people
could come in direct contact with it until cleanup activities begin. The lakes at the
nearby trailer park and golf course could pose a threat to people who accidentally
drink the contaminated water.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on groundwater containment and soil and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, Petroleum Products removed the drums, storage
tanks, and contaminated sludge from the site and transported the materials to a
federally approved disposal facility. An oil recovery system was installed for a
month in 1985 to facilitate the removal of contaminants. The State installed a recovery
system in 1987, and approximately 2,400 gallons of oil waste were recovered from the aquifer
below the site. The tank farm was dismantled and fenced to prevent trespassing.
Groundwater Containment: In 1990, the EPA selected a temporary
groundwater treatment remedy, which includes enhancing the existing oil recovery
system while a permanent cleanup remedy is being selected. Construction of this
interim remedy is scheduled to begin in late 1992.
Groundwater and Soil: The EPA is scheduled to conclude a study in 1992 to
determine the type and extent of the contamination in the aquifer beneath the
site. In the course of the study, various alternatives for cleaning the groundwater
will be evaluated. Once the study has been completed and reviewed, the EPA will select a
final cleanup remedy. The Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) is
assessing an alternative called soil washing to clean up the contamination at the site. Soil
washing is a process through which contaminants are extracted by injecting a water-based
solution into the soil and then pumping the mixture. Deep soil contamination, 30-40 feet
below ground level, in the Biscayne aquifer poses difficult technical problems in evaluating
workable remedial alternatives.
March 1992 78 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CORPORATION
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Site Facts: The EPA and Petroleum Products entered into a Consent Order in 1985. Under
this Order, the company agreed to take immediate actions at the site to reduce threats to
human health and the environment. A Consent Decree was signed by the EPA and the
responsible parties on March 26, 1991 relating to the actions to contain groundwater
contamination.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the major sources of contamination at the Petroleum Products site has
reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants and has reduced the level of
contaminants in groundwater while the investigations leading to a final cleanup remedy are
being conducted.
Site Repository
Broward County Library, Main Branch - Government Documents Department,
100 South Andrews Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CORPORATION
79
March 1992
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PICKETTVIL
ROAD LANDFIL
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980556351
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Duval County
5 miles northwest of Jacksonville
The Pickettville Road Landfill site covers 52 acres northwest of Jacksonville. The site began
operations in the early 1940s on a limited basis; full-scale operations started in 1968, when
the City of Jacksonville began using the site for a municipal dump. The site was dedicated to
the disposal of hazardous and solid wastes in 1971. Wastes deposited at the landfill included
waste oil, liquid acid waste from batteries, battery casings, and polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). All waste disposal ceased in 1977, and the site was backfilled, graded, and seeded. In
1981, the EPA detected contaminants in groundwater. Additional backfilling and regrading
were completed in 1983 to curb on-site erosion and leachate draining into nearby Little
Sixmile Creek. The site is located in a semi-rural area of mixed uses including residences,
commercial establishments, and light industry. There are over 300 residences and two schools
located within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic and lead and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene and pyrene from former
waste disposal activities. Private wells contain barium. Sediments from Little
Sixmile Creek are contaminated with heavy metals, and the soil also is
contaminated with heavy metals, as well as PCBs and VOCs. People who
accidentally ingest contaminated water may be at risk. Well water is used for
irrigating gardens, and contaminants may accumulate in fruits and vegetables. Fish
from Little Sixmile Creek may contain bioaccumulated contaminants from the site
leachate.
80
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: As an initial measure to prevent potential exposure and spread
of site contaminants, the site was backfilled, graded, and seeded in 1977 and again
in 1983.
Entire Site: The remedy selected by the EPA includes implementing institutional
controls that will regulate future development of the site and limit groundwater
usage in the surficial aquifer in the area immediately north of the site. A
protective cover will be installed over the landfill in accordance with State closure
requirements. A long-term monitoring program will be implemented to continue the
evaluation of groundwater water quality. Waste that has migrated from the site to the banks
of the Little Sixmile Creek will be removed and a detailed ecological study of the creek will
be performed. An extension of the city water main to residents surrounding the site and a
security fence are currently under construction. The engineering designs have been
completed and full-scale construction is scheduled to begin in mid-1992.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA and the parties potentially responsible for contamination at
the site signed an Administrative Order. Under this Order, the parties investigated the extent
of contamination at the site. In 1991, the EPA and the potentially responsible parties signed
a consent decree for the engineering designs.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Pickettville Road Landfill site to the NPL, the EPA conducted an
evaluation of site conditions and determined that the initial actions taken at the site have
controlled the immediate threats to public health or the environment while the cleanup
alternatives are being designed.
Site Repository
Jacksonville Public Library, Highland Branch, 1826 Dunn Avenue, Jacksonville, FL 32218
PICKETTVILLE ROAD LANDFILL 81 March 1992
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PIONEER
SAND
COMPANY
FLORIDA
EPAID* FLD056116965
EPA REGION 4
Escambia County
5 miles west of Pensacola
Site Description
The 11-acre Pioneer Sand Company site is an inactive quarry that was licensed in 1974 to
receive shredded auto parts, construction debris, and various industrial sludges. Between 1974
and 1978, phenols and resin compounds were deposited on the site by Newport Industries,
currently Reichold Chemical. Domestic and industrial wastes, including plating sludges, were
received from the Pensacola Naval Air Station. Approximately 75 percent of the site is an
excavation pit, while the remaining 25 percent is the fill area where the wastes were
deposited. In 1981, the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) did not
renew the disposal permit and ordered the dumping to cease. The State and the EPA
detected contaminants in the soil. A monitoring well installed by the company and one of the
on-site disposal ponds also were found to be contaminated. A wellfield for the City of
Pensacola, which has a population of approximately 67,000, is located within 3 miles of the
site. Sampling of nearby private wells indicated no off-site groundwater contamination.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
A monitoring well and surface water in the sludge pond contained elevated levels
of heavy metals including chromium and lead from the former waste disposal
activities. Leachate was contaminated with various heavy metals, volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). The soil was contaminated
with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals.
82
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1986, the EPA excavated 20 tons of contaminated soil
and transported it to a federally approved facility.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site, which
included: closing the landfill and sludge pond areas according to Federal and State
procedures; collecting the leachate, treating it, and disposing of it on site; treating
surface water and discharging it on site; and long-term maintenance activities. The parties
potentially responsible for site contamination removed trash from the site and installed a
security fence. During their investigation prior to the design of a method for cleaning up the
site, the potentially responsible parties discovered a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL)
in the landfilled area. They have completed treatment of the LNAPL. All other activities
have been completed. The EPA conducted a final inspection of the construction and has
issued a close-out report. The site will be subject to a five-year review in 1995.
Site Facts: The EPA and the potentially responsible parties entered into a Consent Decree
in 1988. In this action, the parties agreed to clean up the site, which was completed in 1991.
The responsible parties are conducting long-term operation and maintenance at the site.
Environmental Progress
Cleanup activities are complete; all threats from site contamination have been eliminated.
The site is subject to a five-year review in 1995. At that time the EPA will review the site for
deletion.
Site Repository
John C. Pace Library, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway,
Pensacola, FL 32514
PIONEER SAND COMPANY
83
March 1992
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PIPER AIRCR
VERO BEACH
WATER & SEWI
DEPARTMENT
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD004054284
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Indian River County
Vero Beach
Other Names:
Vero Beach Wellfield
The Piper Aircraft/Vero Beach Water & Sewer Department site covers 90 acres in Vero
Beach. The company began assembling and painting light aircraft in 1957 at the southern end
of the Vero Beach Municipal Airport. Chemicals used in these operations are stored in
underground storage tanks. During routine testing of the city water supply in 1978, the
presence of contaminants was detected. An area search and tank testing revealed the source
to be a leaky pipe-fitting on a Piper Aircraft storage tank. Well #15 of the City of Vero
Beach Wellfield subsequently was shut down due to contamination. Six months later, the City
developed two other wells to replace the one that was closed. In 1981, the Florida
Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) took actions against the company, after
which Piper repaired the faulty equipment and began pumping out contaminated
groundwater. Approximately 10,000 people obtain drinking water from public wells located
within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater in the on-site shallow aquifer, surface water, and the water in the
Main Canal on the site are contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the leaking underground storage tank.
Although a number of people obtain drinking water from nearby municipal wells,
the health concerns are minimal because the city wells were relocated and are
being constantly monitored. Oysters and fish from the Main Canal are
contaminated with low levels of TCE and present a health risk if they are eaten.
84
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Since 1981, when groundwater treatment began, an estimated
2,000 gallons of solvents have been removed by pumping the contaminated water
from the site through closed conduits 1/2 mile to the Main Canal. The
contaminated water is sprayed into the air to remove the contaminants and then discharged
into the Main Canal.
Entire Site: Piper Aircraft began to study the type and extent of contamination at
the site in early 1992. Once the study is completed, alternatives for cleaning up the
site will be recommended. The EPA will then select cleanup technologies best
suited to a final remedy for the site contamination.
Site Facts: In 1981, the State and Piper Aircraft entered into a Consent Agreement,
requiring the company to perform repairs on equipment and to treat the contaminated
groundwater.
Environmental Progress
By moving municipal wells and by pumping and air-treating the contaminated groundwater
from the Piper Aircraft/Vero Beach Water & Sewer Department site, the potential for
exposure to hazardous substances has been significantly reduced. These actions have
protected the public water supply while the investigations into a permanent cleanup remedy
are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
PIPER AIRCRAFT/VERO BEACH 85 March 1992
WATER AND SEWER DEPARTMENT
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REEVES SOU
GALVANIZING CORP?
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD000824896
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Highway 574, east of Tampa
Site Description
The Reeves Southeast Galvanizing Corp. site encompasses two areas on 28 acres and
includes the Reeves Southeastern Galvanizing Site (RSEG) covering 17 acres and the Reeves
Southeastern Wire Site (RSEW) covering 11 acres. Beginning in the 1960s, spent caustic,
rinse, and acid process wastes generated at RSEG and RSEW were neutralized and
discharged to storage ponds. It is believed that plating wastes were discharged in the same
manner. These practices have caused contamination of groundwater and surface water. When
Hillsborough County issued a notice of violation to the company in 1974, the company
responded by upgrading its existing wastewater treatment facility to an advanced system to
neutralize the acid and to remove 90 percent of the heavy metals. One pond at RSEW has
been backfilled; two have not, but they are not used. Two ponds exist at the RSEG area, but
are not presently used. Residential neighborhoods, light manufacturing facilities, warehouses,
and a refuse-to-energy plant are located in the area surrounding the site. County-owned
water supply wells are located about a mile upgradient of the site. There are approximately
56,000 people residing within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals such as zinc from former process
wastes. The soil and surface water also are contaminated with heavy metals,
primarily zinc. Sediments contain heavy metals such as zinc and lead. Although
sampling has shown that municipal and private wells are not contaminated, people
who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated surface water
or soils may be at risk.
86
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
source areas and the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Source Control: Under EPA guidance, the parties potentially responsible for the
site contamination are investigating the site. This investigation will determine the
exact contaminants and the extent of damage to the soil and surface water.
Following the investigation, various alternatives will be recommended to clean up the site.
The EPA then will recommend the most appropriate remedies for site cleanup.
Groundwater: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination are
investigating the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at the site.
Upon completion of this investigation, expected in 1992, the EPA will recommend
a remedy for cleanup of the contaminated groundwater.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA and the parties potentially responsible for contamination at
the site signed an Administrative Order on Consent. Under this Order, the parties will
conduct a study of the site with EPA monitoring.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that there was no need for immediate actions while investigations leading to a
final remedy selection are taking place.
Site Repository
Brandon Branch Public Library, 135 West Robertson Street, Brandon, FL 33511
REEVES SOUTHEAST GALVANIZING CORP. 87 March 1992
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SAPP BATTE
SALVAGE
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980602882
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Jackson County
Alford
The 45-acre Sapp Battery site contains three swamps connected by small channels. In 1970,
Sapp Battery Service, Inc. began an operation to recover lead from used batteries, dumping
the acid outside the plant, recovering the lead, and disposing of the broken battery casings in
an on-site man-made fishing pond. By 1977, the acid discharge began killing nearby cypress
trees. Dead and discolored vegetation, as well as strong sulfurous odors, have been noted
along the drainage route from the site. Sapp Battery undertook several steps to alleviate the
problem; however, none of them were effective. The owner stopped operations and
abandoned the site in 1980. The site currently is contaminating the Floridian Aquifer, which
provides drinking water for most of the area residents who depend on private wells. There
are approximately 3,000 people living within a 3-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
The groundwater and surface water are contaminated with lead from battery
wastes. Soil contaminants include heavy metals such as lead, antimony, and
cadmium. People may be exposed to heavy metals from drinking contaminated
water or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the Steele Bay/off-site wetlands.
88
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1980, the EPA undertook an emergency cleanup
action, which resulted in a temporary restoration of pH levels similar to
background levels downstream from the site. In 1984, the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation excavated and removed roughly 9,000 cubic yards of highly
contaminated soil from the site.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected cleanup plans for the site that include:
excavating soils and sediments; stabilizing excavated soils and sediments; on-site
disposal of the solidified materials; removal and treatment of groundwater in the
aquifers under the site; treatment and discharge of contaminated surface water from the on-
site swamp and off-site Steele City Bay; and a monitoring program for drinking water wells
within a 1-mile radius. In 1988, the EPA began cleaning up the sources of site contamination.
However, sampling indicated that more soil than had been expected was contaminated, and
the effort was suspended until the design phase is completed. The engineering design of the
approved cleanup activities for the source area was completed in 1991. The design of the
groundwater cleanup remedy is planned to begin in 1992. Upon completion of the cleanup
design for each portion of the site, cleanup activities will begin.
Steele City Bay/Off-site Wetlands: The cleanup remedy for the Steele City
Bay and the off-site wetlands was selected by the EPA in 1986. More information
was required to perform the design of the cleanup, so additional studies currently
are underway. The planned completion date for this investigation is 1993.
Site Facts: The cleanup plan for sediment excavation from Steele City Bay is being re-
evaluated, as excavation may reintroduce contaminants into surface waters. It may be more
ecologically sound to leave the sediments in place. Special Notice letters have been sent to
potentially responsible parties, requiring them to assist in the design and cleanup of the site.
Environmental Progress
The containment and removal of contaminated materials have greatly reduced the potential
for exposure to hazardous materials while further investigations are taking place and cleanup
alternatives are being designed for the Sapp Battery Salvage site.
Site Repository
Jackson County Public Library, 413 North Green Street, Marianna, FL 32446
SAPP BATTERY SALVAGE 89 March 1992
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SCHUYLKILL
CORPORATION
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD062794003
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Plant City
Schuylkill Metals Corporation (SMC) recovered lead from storage batteries on this 17 1/2-
acre site from 1972 through 1986. Before 1981, acid washdown from wastewater was stored in
a 2-acre unlined wastewater holding pond. Initially, lime was used to adjust the pH of the
wastewater in the holding pond, and later, ammonia was used for this purpose. The
wastewater treatment system was upgraded in 1981, and all wastewater was treated with
sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment and was discharged under permit to the publicly owned
treatment works. Leachate containing heavy metals and sulfuric acid is migrating from the
unlined impoundments into an adjacent drainage ditch that empties into Pemberton Creek.
Heavy metals and ammonia contaminate the groundwater on site. High levels of lead were
found in the drainage ditch on site. The site is bounded by agricultural land and a housing
development. Approximately 20,000 residents live within 3 miles. A junior high school, an
elementary school, and a hospital are located within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains contamination from heavy metals including lead and
chromium, as well as sulfate and ammonia. Very high levels of lead also were
found in the subsoil, surface water, and sediments in a ditch on site that drains to
Pemberton Creek and Marsh, an environmentally sensitive area. People could be
exposed to heavy metals in the contaminated groundwater. Direct contact with or
accidental ingestion of lead in the soil is unlikely because the area is fenced, but
trespassers could be exposed.
90
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State of Florida and SMC, the party potentially responsible for
contamination at the site, have completed a study of the nature and extent of site
contamination and have evaluated the various technologies available for cleanup.
Further studies on the adjoining marshes have been conducted, as well as treatability studies
for the soils. In 1990, the EPA decided on the best cleanup alternatives. They include
excavation and solidification of contaminated soils and treatment of surface water and
groundwater. Contaminated wetlands threaten the groundwater when they become dry, so
one of the selected remedies is to keep the East Marsh flooded. Fencing of the marshes and
the creation of additional wetlands to compensate for the continued exposure to
contamination for some wildlife were two additional remedies chosen by the EPA. The design
of the remedies is scheduled to be completed by early 1992.
Site Facts: A Consent Order between SMC and the Florida Department of Environmental
Regulation was signed in 1986 to study site contamination and the various methods to clean it
up. In March 1991, the EPA and Arrow Electronics, Inc., the parent company of SMC,
signed a Consent Decree to design and implement the selected cleanup actions.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA constructed a fence and performed preliminary
site investigations and determined that there were no immediate threats to public health or
the environment at the Schuylkill Metal site while cleanup activities are being designed.
Site Repository
Plant City Public Library, 501 North Wheeler Street, Plant City, FL 33566
SCHUYLKILL METALS CORPORATION 91 March 1992
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SHERWOO
MEDICAL
INDUSTRIES
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD043861392
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Volusia County
3 miles north of Deland
Other Names:
Sherwood Medical Industries
The 42-acre Sherwood Medical Industries site currently is occupied by several manufacturing
buildings, a biological laboratory, sizeable parking areas, and additional structures, including a
wastewater treatment facility built in 1983. Sherwood Medical Industries has used the
property since 1959 for the manufacturing of medical supplies, primarily hypodermic needles.
Industrial operations currently include grinding, cleaning, hub processing, and de-coring of
stainless steel and aluminum parts used to manufacture hypodermic syringes. Sherwood also
molds plastic syringes and conducts in-house laboratory work. The Sherwood facility pumps
approximately 175,000 gallons of water per day from the underlying Floridian Aquifer. Water
drawn for industrial needs is used for cleaning, manufacturing, and cooling/evaporation
processes. Several manufacturing steps result in wastewater that must be treated. The
industrial wastewater facility on the site is licensed by the Florida Department of
Environmental Resources (FDER) to receive and treat wastewater from the plant and to
discharge the resulting effluent. The treated effluent currently is disposed of by percolation
and evaporation. In 1985, Sherwood Medical Industries installed an air stripper to treat
production water used in the facility's operations. Between 1971 and 1980, the company
disposed of about two tons of liquid and sludge waste into two unlined percolation ponds.
During this time, solids were removed from the ponds and placed into on-site, unlined
impoundments. In 1982, the Sherwood site was placed on the NPL at the request of the State
of Florida because of the threat of contamination from wastes stored in the holding ponds
and impoundments. Subsequent testing conducted by Sherwood Medical and the State
revealed groundwater contamination in on-site wells. Fifteen residences are in the immediate
area of the site. Lake Mill borders the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
former process wastes. The upper aquifer is contaminated, but is not currently
used as a source of drinking water. Contaminated groundwater could move off site
or migrate downward into the Floridian Aquifer.
92
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1985, Sherwood Medical notified the EPA that they would
perform a focused investigation at the site. During the investigation, Florida
Health and Rehabilitation Services received health-related complaints concerning
private wells from nearby residents. Chlorinated solvents were detected in samples from the
on-site domestic water supply well, but no violations of drinking water standards were found
in samples from nearby private wells. In 1987, the FDER asked Sherwood to sample the on-
site water wells and a downgradient residential well to assess the extent of contamination and
to evaluate the need for immediate cleanup activities to control and treat the contamination
of the Floridian Aquifer. Currently, Sherwood Medical is testing all private wells immediately
adjacent to the site, along Kepler Road, every 6 months. In 1991, the EPA selected a
temporary remedy to prevent the migration of contaminated groundwater off site. The
remedy includes the installation of a system of recovery wells in the surficial aquifer on site,
installation of an on-site air stripper to treat recovered groundwater, and discharge of treated
groundwater into the on-site lake. Subsequent cleanup actions for the surficial aquifer are
planned to ensure that no migration of contaminants occurs. The potentially responsible
parties have completed the design for the cleanup action and began construction in early
1992. This construction is expected to be completed in early 1993.
Site Facts: In 1992, the EPA and Sherwood Medical signed a Consent Decree for the
design and implementation of the selected remedy.
Environmental Progress
The monitoring activities being performed at the Sherwood Medical site ensure that nearby
residents are not exposed to hazardous materials while cleanup activities are being designed
and implemented.
Site Repository
Deland Public Library, 212 West Rich Avenue, Deland, FL 32720
SHERWOOD MEDICAL INDUSTRIES 93 March 1992
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SIXTY-SECO
STREET DUM£
FLORIDA 111
EPA ID# FLD980728877 /_
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Tampa
Site Description
The Sixty-Second Street Dump is a 5 1/2-acre abandoned industrial waste dump located in
Tampa. The site originally was used to mine sand. The areas excavated for sand
subsequently were used by several companies to dispose of various waste materials including
shredded automobile parts, batteries, waste cement, kiln dust, and kiln liners. The site came
to the attention of the Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission in 1976,
when a fish kill occurred in the Peninsular Fisheries breeding ponds on the western side of
the dump. The site has been closed since 1976, but unauthorized dumping of household
garbage persisted for several years after the site closed. A fence around the property
presently prevents dumping. The site is located in the East Lake/Orient Park neighborhood,
which has a population of approximately 5,500 people. An 80-acre marshland that drains into
a nearby lake is located adjacent to the fish farm.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
The disposal of wastes at the site has resulted in the release of heavy metals
including antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper and lead, as well as
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the soil. The shallow aquifer on site also is
contaminated with cadmium, chromium, and lead above health-based levels.
People may be at risk from coming into direct contact with or accidentally
ingesting the contaminated groundwater or soil. A fish kill has occurred, and a
nearby marshland and fish farm are threatened.
94
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State of Florida has completed investigating the extent of
contamination at the site and is currently designing the selected remedy. The
remedy involves solidifying and stabilizing shredded auto parts and battery wastes,
and capping the entire landfill. Groundwater in the shallow aquifer exceeding the drinking
water standards for lead and chromium will be recovered and treated, with discharge to either
a local wastewater treatment plant or to the Palm River. The actual cleanup and
construction is expected to begin in mid-1993.
Site Facts: Under a Consent Decree, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination have agreed to conduct the cleanup activities under EPA supervision.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Sixty-Second Street Dump site to the NPL, the EPA determined that the
site does not currently pose an immediate threat to the public or the environment while
engineering designs for the selected remedy are being developed.
Site Repository
Tampa-Hillsborough County Public Library, Special Collections, 900 North Ashley
Tampa, FL 33602
SIXTY-SECOND STREET DUMP
95
March 1992
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STANDARD
BUMPER CORP
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD004126520
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Hialeah, north of Miami International
Airport
Site Description
The Standard Auto Bumper Corporation has electroplated automobile bumpers, furniture,
and other metal objects with chrome on this 3/4-acre site since 1959. Before 1972, wastewater
from the electroplating and stripping process was discharged into a ditch between the process
building and railroad tracks. It was allowed to drain to the north, eventually percolating into
the ground. In 1972, the company began treating the plating waste before discharging it into
a septic tank/percolation pit and drain field system. Since 1979, treated wastewater has been
discharged into the Hialeah sewer system. The metal-containing sludge from the treatment is
transported to an EPA-approved hazardous waste facility. Currently, approximately 2,000 to
3,000 gallons per day of wastewater are sent to a concrete diked area, where it is treated to
convert hexavalent chromium to the less toxic trivalent state before being discharged into the
Hialeah sewer system. In 1985 and 1987, the EPA detected heavy metals in surface soil,
subsurface soil, and groundwater on the site. The most extensive contamination was near the
drainage pathway. The site is in the recharge zone of the Biscayne Aquifer, which is a sole
source supply of drinking water for all of Dade County. High concentrations of contaminants
also were found in the drain field system and percolation pits used prior to 1972. It is unclear
exactly what was placed in the pits. Four municipal well fields that supply drinking water to
approximately 750,000 people are within 3 miles of the site. One well is within 4,200 feet of
the site. Wells in the contaminated area have been taken out of service.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
96
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Heavy metals including lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, and nickel from former
waste disposal practices contaminate the on-site groundwater, surface soil, and
subsurface soil. Potential risks to public health exist from direct contact with on-
site industrial well water. Risks also exist, especially for employees, from
accidentally ingesting, inhaling, or coming in direct contact with the contaminated
soil and dust. The site is partially fenced and guarded by dogs to reduce access to
the site. Private drinking water wells located downgradient of the site also may
pose a health concern. Potential threats to the environment include the migration
of contaminants through groundwater flow, dust and vapor particles traveling in
the air, runoff from rainfall, and biota that may accumulate contaminants from the
soil, surface water, or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, Standard Auto Bumper began excavating non-
hazardous waste soils and transporting them to solid waste landfills. They also
excavated the sludge pit and disposed of waste in a federally approved hazardous
waste disposal facility. Contaminated soil was taken either to an appropriate solid waste
landfill or a hazardous waste facility. Remaining soils above cleanup levels will be investigated
and addressed during site cleanup activities.
Entire Site: The EPA will use the Expanded Site Investigation done in 1987 and
additional studies to determine the nature and extent of heavy metal
contamination at the site. Studies of the feasibility of the alternative cleanup
strategies are scheduled to be completed in late 1992. The EPA plans to select remedies for
site cleanup in late 1992.
Site Facts: Standard Auto Bumper and the EPA signed an Administrative Order for the
removal of contaminants in 1989, which enforced a plan for remedial action agreed upon
between Dade County and Standard Auto. In 1990, an Administrative Order was signed
requiring Standard Auto to conduct site studies. In 1991, these studies were taken over by
the EPA.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated sludges and soils has reduced the potential for exposure to
contamination at the Standard Auto Bumper Corp. site. This action has helped to protect the
public health and the environment while studies are ongoing.
STANDARD AUTO BUMPER CORP. 97 March 1992
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Site Repository
J.F. Kennedy Memorial Library, 190 West 49th Street, Hialeah, FL 33012
March 1992
98
STANDARD AUTO BUMPER CORP.
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STAUFFER
COMPANY
PLANT)
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD004092532
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Tampa
Site Description
Stauffer Chemical Company formulated pesticides on a 40-acre property adjacent to the
Tampa Bypass Canal between 1951 and 1986. The site is in an industrial area and has been
owned in the past by Cheeseborough Ponds, Inc., and Unilever. It is currently owned by
Imperial Chemical Industries. Stauffer Chemical received bulk shipments of agricultural
chemicals, which were then formulated into insecticides and herbicides in the form of dusts,
grains, and liquids for packaged distribution. Between 1953 and 1973, various portions of the
property were used as disposal areas. Three of these areas are: a large area of soil called the
"Barren Area" which was contaminated by runoff from a storage/disposal area; an area where
between 8,000 and 10,000 gallons of toxaphene that leaked from a tank car are now buried;
and an area of contaminated soil where an incinerator once operated. EPA investigations
conducted in 1987 and 1988 documented contamination in on-site soils, sediments,
groundwater, and air. The formations underlying the site are an unconfined surficial aquifer
consisting of interlayers of sands, clays, and shells that are approximately 25 feet thick and
the Upper Floridan Aquifer consisting of the Tampa Limestone, Suwanee Limestone, Ocala
Group, and the Avon Park Limestone. Public and private wells within 4 miles of the site
provide drinking water to an estimated 6,700 people. The nearest well is a private well less
than a 1/4 mile northwest of the site. Approximately 113,000 persons work, attend school, or
reside within 4 miles of the facility.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
99
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
ZL3
On-site soils, sediments, groundwater, and air are contaminated with the pesticides
DDT, DDD, and lindane. People could be at risk by touching or ingesting
contaminated soil, sedimintation, or groundwater or by inhaling contaminated air.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in one long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA is scheduled to begin an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the site in mid-1993. The study will help determine
appropriate remedies for cleanup of the site.
Environmental Progress
EPA studies show that no immediate human health and safety risks exist while further
investigations are planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
100 STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY CTAMPA PLANT)
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STAUFFER
CHEMICAL CO
(TARPON SPRI
PLANT)
FLORIDA
EPAID* FLD010596013
EPA REGION 4
Pinellas County
Tarpon Springs
Site Description
Stauffer Chemical is a 160-acre site located in an industrial area about 1 1/2 miles east of the
Gulf of Mexico. Stauffer Management Company purchased the facility from Victor Chemical
Works in 1960. From 1950 to 1981, the facility manufactured elemental phosphorous from
phosphate ore. The processed ore was shipped off site to be used primarily for production of
agricultural pesticides, food-grade phosphates, and flame retardants. During the years of
operation, a number of processing wastes were disposed of on site. Disposal practices
included: the dumping of waste scrubber liquid, phosphorous water, and overflow from a
calcium silicate slag pit into seven unlined lagoons (located about 600 feet from the Anclote
River); the dumping of furnace dust into an isolated pond; and the burial of 900 drums of
calcined phosphate sand consisting of 20 percent elemental phosphorous. At some time, two
lagoons were dredged, and the dredged materials, composed of calcium sulfate/sulfite, calcium
silicate, calcium fluoride, phosphate sand, and calcined phosphate dust, were placed into two
piles approximately 40 feet from the Anclote River. Over all, more than 500,000 tons of
chemical process wastes were disposed of on site between 1950 and 1979. An EPA study
conducted between 1988 and 1989 showed on-site monitoring wells, waste piles, and the
Anclote River to be contaminated with heavy metals. A surficial aquifer composed primarily
of sand and the Floridan Aquifer composed of limestone are located beneath the site and
show contamination. An estimated 8,500 people in the Tarpon Springs area receive drinking
water from 23 public wells and three private wells located within 4 miles of the site. Surface
water runoff from the facility could flow into the Anclote River which empties into the Gulf
of Mexico. Although no surface water intakes are located along the drainage pathways of the
site, numerous popular county and State parks and beaches are located nearby. The Anclote
River is used for fishing. In addition, several wetlands that support a number of endangered
and protected species are located along the surface water pathway.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
101
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
On-site monitoring wells in both aquifers, on-site waste piles, and the Anclote
River are contaminated with heavy metals including barium, chromium, lead,
vanadium, zinc, copper, and arsenic. Because of the shallowness of the aquifers, all
drinking water wells within 4 miles of the site are potentially at risk. Ingesting or
touching contaminated groundwater, surface water, or soils could be a potential
health risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in one long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA is planning to begin a study of the nature and extent of
contamination at the site in mid-1992. This study, scheduled for completion in
early 1994, will help determine cleanup methods to be used at the site.
Environmental Progress
EPA studies show that no immediate threats to human health and safety exist while further
studies are underway.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
102
STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY
(TARPON SPRINGS PLANT)
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SYDNEY M
SLUDGE P0NDST
FLORIDA ^f*
EPA ID# FLD000648055 J
>
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Brandon
Other Names:
Hillsborough County Sydney Mine
Site Description
The Sydney Mine Sludge Ponds site is a 9 1/2-acre former disposal site that was strip-mined
for phosphate rock from the 1930s through the 1950s. In late 1973, Hillsborough County
leased a portion of the Sydney Mine site from American Cyanamid and constructed a sludge
disposal pond. The pond received wastes from grease traps, septage waste, and waste oil. In
1979, the waste disposal site was expanded and modified. At that time, the operation
consisted of two primary impoundments: a 1 1/2-acre septage pond and a 1/2-acre waste oil
pond. About 16 million gallons of waste including sludge, grease trappings, cutting oil, and
other types of waste oil were placed in the two ponds by haulers serving homes, schools,
hospitals, and manufacturing and commercial facilities in the area. A third impoundment was
located adjacent to the eastern dike of the septage pond and reportedly was used for disposal
only on a few occasions. Waste disposal activities ended in 1981, and Waste Management,
Inc. purchased the property that same year. EPA tests in 1979 found contaminants in the
ponds and in groundwater under the site. Approximately 4,000 people within 3 miles of the
site draw water from the underlying Floridian Aquifer.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, County, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). Site
workers and trespassers could be exposed to contaminated water, as well as to
chemicals that enter the air during the treatment process.
103
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The County constructed an underground slurry wall around
the ponds to prevent contaminants from escaping and groundwater from entering.
Contaminated groundwater within the wall is being extracted, treated, and
sprayed on the surface. Surface cleaning consisted of excavation and incineration of more
than 12,000 cubic yards of contaminated materials. By 1989, the groundwater system treated
more than 41 million gallons of water. The sludge from the site has been burned, under
controlled conditions, to break down the contaminants.
Entire Site: A group of responsible parties is working under a Unilateral Order to
operate and maintain the existing pump and treat system. In addition, they are
undertaking modifications to improve the effectiveness of the recovery and
treatment system. The design of these improvements is scheduled to be concluded by early
1992. In 1991, during additional well installation, deeper contamination was found. The EPA
issued an Explanation of Significant Differences, requiring the responsible parties to
investigate and clean up the deeper contamination. New recovery wells will be needed in the
water-bearing zone.
Site Facts: Some of the parties potentially responsible for the contamination of the site
were issued a Unilateral Order to operate the groundwater treatment system and evaluate
the performance of the recovery and treatment system since they had not voluntarily agreed
to do so. These parties have been operating the system since 1989, and operation of the
groundwater treatment system continues. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the existing
system is expected to be completed in early 1992.
Environmental Progress
The construction of a slurry wall and the treatment of contaminated soils, sludges, and
groundwater have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Sydney
Mine Sludge Ponds site. These actions have helped to protect the public health and the
environment while further investigations and groundwater treatment take place.
Site Repository
Brandon Branch Public Library, 135 West Robertson Street, Brandon, FL 33511
March 1992 104 SYDNEY MINE SLUDGE PONDS
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TAYLOR ROAlffi|
LANDFILL
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980494959
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
1/8 mile north of Seffner
The Taylor Road Landfill site consists of 40 acres. It is next to two other municipal landfills:
the Department of Transportation (DOT) Borrow Pit Landfill and the Hillsborough Heights
Landfill. These three landfills occupy a total of 200 acres. The Taylor Road Landfill operated
from 1975 to 1980, and the DOT Borrow Pit Landfill and Hillsborough Heights Landfill both
operated from 1980 to 1984. The three landfills were used for the disposal of municipal
refuse, but unknown quantities of industrial wastes may have been dumped at the sites as
well. The community around the site is mainly residential and agricultural. The closest
residence is less than 1/8 mile from the site, and the estimated population of the Seffner area
is 27,000. Two schools are located within 1/2 mile of the site. Approximately 580 wells are
within 1 mile of the facility, and a community well system that serves 2,500 people is located 1
mile downgradient from the landfill. The community to the northeast of Seffner includes dairy
farms, two of which are located between 1/4 and 1/2 mile downgradient from the landfills.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal and State
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Private wells in the area are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including benzene and vinyl chloride and heavy metals including lead from
the former waste disposal activities at the site. Consuming contaminated
groundwater and dairy products could pose a health hazard to people. At one
time, methane gas from the landfill was detected at concentrations above the lower
explosive limit near residences adjacent to the site; the County installed a gas
collection system in an attempt to correct this problem. The Floridian Aquifer is
the main source of potable water in the area, and extensive sampling confirms that
it is contaminated.
105
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
designed to clean up the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the Hillsborough County Utilities Department
installed a cap, drainage ditches, and methane gas control systems around each of
the landfills. The County also extended the water supply system to affected
residences in the contaminated area south of the landfill. At this time, the landfills have been
capped and closed, and access to the three landfills is restricted, because each is fenced and
locked.
Entire Site: The EPA is planning to investigate the site to evaluate the full
nature and extent of the contamination. This effort is scheduled to be started in
late 1992. Because the three large landfills are located adjacent to each other, it
currently is impossible to determine which one is responsible for contaminating the
groundwater.
Site Facts: The EPA and the State have signed a Consent Decree with the Hillsborough
County Utilities Department. The Decree requires the County to install a public water supply
to residences with contaminated well water. It also requires the County to carry out a 30-year
groundwater monitoring program for the entire landfill. A public town meeting was held in
December of 1991 and resulted in the resampling of approximately 25 private wells in the
area in early 1992.
Environmental Progress
The County's actions to cap and control the methane gas accumulation at the Taylor Road
Landfill have significantly reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants while the site is
undergoing investigations into the source of the contamination and the best technologies for
permanent cleanup.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 106 TAYLOR ROAD LANDFILL
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TOWER
CHEMICAL
COMPANY
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD004065546
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Lake County
Clermont, 15 miles west of Orlando
The 30-acre Tower Chemical Company (TCC) site is an abandoned chemical manufacturing
facility. During its operation, TCC owned and used two separate parcels of land; a main
facility and an irrigation field. From 1957 to 1981, TCC manufactured, produced, and stored
various pesticides. TCC discharged acidic wastewaters produced in the main facility into a
1/2-acre, unlined percolation/evaporation pond where contaminants were solidified. TCC
burned and buried the wastes on a 1 1/2-acre plot located at the main facility. In 1980, the
wastewater pond at the main facility overflowed into an adjacent swamp and entered an
unnamed stream north of the site. The acidic wastewater migrated into Gourd Neck of Lake
Apopka, where vegetation and aquatic animals were affected. After two court orders, TCC
stopped all discharges into the pond. High levels of DDT and associated chemicals were
detected at the main facility, and low fish populations were noticed in the unnamed stream
off site. The land of the former TCC plant was purchased by a group of real estate investors
who later resold it in 1981 to local farmers and various small manufacturing firms.
Approximately 1,000 people live near the site. The site is located in an area of mixed
agricultural, residential, and industrial uses.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Copper and pesticides, including DDT, have contaminated on-site surface and
subsurface soils, the shallow groundwater, and surface waters. Pesticides also
contaminate on- and off-site sediments. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including ethyl benzene are present in on-site soils. Potential health threats
include accidentally ingesting and coming in direct contact with contaminated
surface water, groundwater, and soil. The main concern is that contaminants in
the shallow aquifer may move into the deeper Floridian Aquifer, which is the only
source of drinking water to people in this area.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
107
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, 2,275 square feet of contaminated soil, 1,545 cubic
yards of sediment, and 72 drums were excavated and disposed of off site. In
addition, a million gallons of wastewater were pumped from the pond, treated,
and then discharged to the unnamed stream. The EPA used clean fill to replace soil that was
removed. The EPA built a system to divert surface water runoff and also fenced the area.
These actions were conducted to prevent contaminants in the wastewater pond, on-site soil,
and sediments from further migrating off site.
Entire Site: The EPA's remedies for cleanup of the site include: (1) removing and
treating on site approximately 100,000,000 gallons of contaminated groundwater,
storing it temporarily on site, followed by discharge to surface water;
(2) excavating and burning approximately 9,000 cubic yards of contaminated surface soil from
both the overflow area and portions of the burn/burial area of the site; (3) removing any
drums that should have been excavated during the previous removal activities, if any are
found; (4) decontaminating the two storage tanks and nearby concrete pads; and (5) diverting
contaminated runoff. The design for the water treatment system for the former
percolation/evacuation pond was completed in 1990. To date, the following cleanup activities
have been completed: installation of a private resident drinking water well to the deep
aquifer, plugging and abandonment of several monitoring wells, and transport and disposal of
5,000 gallons of contaminated water, which had been stored on site in a pool formed during
previous actions on the site. Construction of the water treatment system is expected to begin
in mid-1992.
Site Facts: In 1983, the EPA issued an order to Tower Chemical Company to clean up the
site. The EPA began cleanup activities at the site because the company did not respond.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, treatment of contaminated groundwater, and installation
of a drinking water well have reduced the potential for exposure to and the further spread of
hazardous materials at the Tower Chemical Company site while further cleanup activities
take place.
Site Repository
Cooper Memorial Library, 620 West Montrose Street, Clermont, FL 32711
March 1992 108 TOWER CHEMICAL COMPANY
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TRI-CITY OIL
CONSERVATIONIST
CORP.
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD070864541
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Hillsborough County
Temple Terrace, near Tampa
The Tri-City Oil Conservationist Corporation property, occupying about 1/4 of an acre,
housed a heating oil business from 1960 to 1975. From 1978 to 1983, the facility acted as a
waste oil storage and distribution center. Three aboveground storage tanks and one known
underground storage tank were on site. While it operated, people complained to the State
about the odor and sloppy practices at the facility. In 1982, 3,000 gallons of oil were spilled.
When the owner failed to clean up the site at the request of the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation (FDER), the EPA removed the bulk of the oil and later removed
contaminated soil. Tri-City was dissolved involuntarily in 1983, and the owners are in
bankruptcy. An estimated 35 people are served by nine private wells and live within a block
of the site. The site is about 3,000 feet from the Hillsborough River and within 3 miles of the
public well field serving the community's 16,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Deleted Date: 09/01/88
Threats and Contaminants
Elevated levels of lead were found in initial sampling of the groundwater, but none
were found in later samples. Soil excavated from the area was heavily
contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals from
former site activities. The removal of contaminated soils and sludges in 1984 has
eliminated the threats to human health and the environment.
Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed through initial actions; further investigations showed that no other
cleanup actions were required.
109
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The EPA cleaned up the 3,000-gallon oil spill in 1984 and
excavated 850 cubic yards of contaminated soil and sludges, which were disposed
of off site. The excavated areas were brought back to their original grade using
clean fill, and the EPA planted grass to prevent erosion. Tests of soil, groundwater, and
sediment in 1986 showed that the source of contamination was removed.
Entire Site: After detailed site analyses, the EPA determined that because of the
success of the initial actions undertaken in 1989, no further actions were required
at the site. The EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 1988.
Site Facts: The EPA issued an Administrative Order to the parties potentially responsible
for contamination at the site in 1984, informing them that their activities represented an
imminent and substantial danger to public health and the environment, and that they must
promptly stop these activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and sludge has restored the site to the environmental
standards established by the State and the EPA. The completed actions are protective of the
public health and the environment. The Tri-City Oil Conservationist Corp. site has been
deleted from the NPL.
Site Repository
Information is no longer available.
March 1992
110
TRI-CITY OIL CONSERVATIONIST CORP.
-------
VARSOL SPI
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980602346
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
Miami International Airport
Other Names:
Biscayne Aquifer Site
Site Description
The Varsol Spill Site is located under a portion of the Miami International Airport. This site
and two others, the Miami Drum Services site and the Northwest 58th Street Landfill, are
being collectively considered as one management unit for the cleanup investigation and
selection of cleanup activities. They are related, in that they all lie on the Biscayne Aquifer,
which is the sole source of drinking water for the residents of southeastern Florida. Since
1966, there have been approximately 15 spills and leaks at the site totaling 2 million gallons.
This included an underground pipeline leak resulting in the discharge of about 1,600,000
gallons of a petroleum solvent at the Miami International Airport. An investigative study
determined in 1985 that there was no trace of the solvent at or around the airport. Several
factors probably contributed to the dissipation of the contaminants in the aquifer: some of
the solvent was recovered; biodegradation is believed to have taken place; and the hydrology
of the area indicates that some of the solvent contributed to, and became part of, the
"background" contamination in the aquifer. The area surrounding the site is highly populated,
with 10,000 people living within 3 miles. The Miami Springs Well Field, which provides
drinking water for a significant portion of Dade County, is located 2,000 feet from the walls
of the airport.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/01/81
Final Date: 09/01/83
Deleted Date: 09/01/88
Threats and Contaminants
The surface water and groundwater were contaminated with polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Varsol site is not a public health concern, as the
contaminants from the spill can no longer be identified.
111
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
Intensive investigations of site conditions showed that the site does not pose a threat to
people or the environment.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: After detailed site analyses, the EPA signed a decision in 1985,
mandating that no action needed to take place at this site because the Varsol site,
itself, was not a public or environmental threat. The site was deleted from the
NPL in 1988.
Site Facts: Dade County brought enforcement action against Eastern Airlines, the owner of
the solvents that spilled. A Consent Agreement was signed to assess and clean up, if
necessary, several maintenance areas and tank farms.
Environmental Progress
No cleanup actions were needed at the Varsol Spill Site, as contaminants that were spilled at
the site were no longer detected in the area. Therefore, the possibility of exposure to
hazardous substances at the site is no longer a concern. The EPA performed final
investigations and deleted the site from the NPL in 1988.
Site Repository
Miami-Dade County Public Library, 101 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33130
March 1992
112
VARSOL SPILL SITE
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WHITEHOUS&
OIL PITS
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD980602767
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Duval County
10 miles south of Jacksonville
The Whitehouse Oil Pits site occupies approximately 7 acres of an upland area immediately
adjacent to a cypress swamp. The site itself consists of seven unlined pits, constructed by
Allied Petroleum, where contaminated acidic waste oil sludges from an oil reclaiming process
disposed of. The pits were constructed and filled between 1958 and 1968. In 1968, Allied
Petroleum went bankrupt. The city of Jacksonville then assumed ownership of the property
by tax default. In 1976, the dike around one of the pits ruptured, spilling 200,000 gallons of
wastes into wetlands along McGirts Creek. The pit was backfilled after the incident.
Afterwards, the City of Jacksonville installed and operated a treatment and dewatering
system at the oil pits. A second pit released its contents in 1976. Contamination has been
detected in all of the zones of the surficial aquifer. The site is located near the Whitehouse
community, which has a population of approximately 6,000 people. Most of the residents use
private wells for their drinking water source.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various heavy metals and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), including benzene, from the wastes disposed of at the site.
The soil is contaminated with lead and arsenic. Accidental releases of wastes have
contaminated the nearby wetlands areas. Residents in the area could be exposed
to contaminated groundwater; however, at present, little contamination has been
detected.
113
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA conducted several initial cleanup actions in 1986
to stabilize site conditions and to prevent the spread of contamination. A water
treatment system was developed and activated to drain the contaminated liquids
from the pits. After the pits were drained, they were filled with construction debris, scrap
lumber, trees, wood chips, and other non-degradable wastes to stabilize the pits. A 3-inch
layer of automobile shredder waste was placed over the fill, and a mixture of dirt and oil was
placed over the shredder waste as a sealer. It was then covered with 12 inches of sand and
planted with local grasses. Ditches were constructed to control runoff. Final monitoring of the
test wells and drainage effluents showed remaining low levels of chlorinated organics, heavy
metals, and acids.
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a cleanup remedy that includes
construction of a slurry wall around the entire site to prevent migration of
contaminants; recovery, treatment, and removal of contaminated groundwater;
removal of the contaminated sediments from the northeastern tributary of McGirts Creek;
and capping the entire site. In 1992, the remedy was amended. The selected cleanup
activities include: excavation and treatment of pit waste by soil washing, biotreatment, and
solidification/stabilization. Washed soil and stabilized sludges will be backfilled on site.
Groundwater will be recovered and treated through carbon adsorption and chemical
precipitation before discharging to an on-site drainage ditch. The engineering designs for the
amended remedy are expected to be complete in late 1992.
Environmental Progress
The treatment and stabilization of wastes have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous substances at the Whitehouse Oil Pits site while further investigations and cleanup
activities are being completed.
Site Repository
Whitehouse Elementary School, 11160 General Avenue, Whitehouse, FL 32220
March 1992 114 WHITEHOUSE OIL PITS
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WILSON CO
OF FLORIDA, INC:
FLORIDA
EPA ID#FLD041184383
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Broward County
Pompano Beach
Wilson Concepts of Florida, Inc. is a 2-acre site located in an industrial area of Pompano
Beach. This site manufactured precision-machine parts from 1974 to 1987. Since 1988 the
site has been leased and an active metal machinery operation occupies the site. The facility
was leased from 1967 until 1974 by Southeast Tool and Die, Inc. (STD). In 1974, STD was
purchased by Wilson Concepts, Inc. The types of activities performed here include machining,
drilling, and milling of metal parts, along with vibrating, demurring, degreasing, steam cleaning,
and spray-coating of parts. On several occasions, Wilson has been cited for violations of
County regulations pertaining to the discharge of industrial wastes onto the ground and the
overflow of wastes from two 1,200-gallon underground tanks into a storm drain, which
eventually also dripped onto the ground. In 1985, the EPA discovered contamination on the
ground, in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, and in a water sample from the storm
drain. An investigation in 1987 found that Wilson was in violation of operating a hazardous
materials facility without a license. The Wilson Concepts site is located adjacent to
Chemform, Inc., another NPL site. Approximately 93,000 people depend on drinking water
from at least four municipal wellfields located within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
On-site groundwater and surface water located in the storm drain were
contaminated with low levels of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) from the site spills and overflows. On-site soils located near the storm
drain also were contaminated with low levels of heavy metals and VOCs. The
Biscayne Aquifer underlies the site. It is a sole source of drinking water for all the
residents in Broward County. Numerous cavities in the quartz sand that overlies
the limestone of this aquifer facilitate the movement of contaminants into the
groundwater, as well as the movement of contaminated groundwater into drinking
supplies. Had the Biscayne Aquifer become contaminated, area residents using this
resource would have been at risk. In addition, direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of contaminated surface water or soil could have presented health risks.
115
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
Intensive investigations of site conditions showed that the site does not pose a threat to
people or the environment.
Response Action Status
Soil and Groundwater: The potentially responsible parties for site
contamination initiated investigations into the type and extent of contaminated
soils and groundwater at the site. In mid-1991 the EPA took over the
investigations due to numerous schedule delays and completed the investigation in 1992.
After the investigation, the EPA determined that the site does not pose a threat to the
surrounding community or the environment and, therefore, no action was required at the site
besides one year of groundwater monitoring to ensure that the site remains safe.
Site Facts: The EPA sent Notice Letters to the potentially responsible parties in 1989,
requesting that these parties accept responsibility for conducting an investigation of site
contamination and cleanup methods. Later that year, the EPA and two parties signed an
Administrative Order on Consent to conduct the investigative study. One of the parties,
CenTrust Bank, has been taken over by Federal regulators and now is administered by the
Resolution Trust Corporation. This takeover slowed the site investigation process, and the
regulators indicated that they would not comply with the Administrative Order. Therefore,
the EPA took over responsibility for the site in July 1991.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed intensive investigations of the site and determined that there are no
threats posed to the surrounding community. One year of groundwater monitoring is taking
place at the Wilson Concepts of Florida, Inc. site to ensure that the site remains safe.
Site Repository
Broward County Library, Government Document Department, 100 South Andrews Avenue,
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
March 1992 116 WILSON CONCEPTS OF FLORIDA, INC.
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WINGATE RO
MUNICIPAL
INCINERATOR
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD981021470
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Broward County
Fort Lauderdale
The Wingate Road Municipal Incinerator Dump covers 61 acres in Fort Lauderdale. The site
includes an incinerator, offices, and a 40-acre disposal area, all owned and operated by the
City of Fort Lauderdale. The incinerator and disposal areas were used from 1955 to 1978.
Residential wastes, commercial wastes, and incinerator residue were disposed of at the dump.
The facility received 480 tons of waste a day and operated seven days a week. Cooling water
was pumped into the incinerator from on-site wells and then was discharged into an unlined
lagoon in the southeastern corner of the facility. Ash residues mixed with sludge material
from the lagoon were spread onto the ground in the disposal area. According to a resident of
the area, hazardous waste may have been dumped on the site. In 1981, a resident reported to
the Broward County Health Department that 100 steel drums had been buried from 1955 to
1958 under a dirt road. The EPA conducted tests in 1985 at the site and found pesticides in
the surface and subsurface soil in the dump area. Approximately 44,000 people reside within
a mile of the site, and an estimated 353,000 people draw drinking water from four municipal
wellfields within 3 miles of the site. Land use in the area is a combination of residential,
commercial, and industrial.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The soil and subsurface soil are contaminated with pesticides including DDT,
aldrin, dieldrin, and chlordane from former waste disposal practices at the site.
Direct contact with or accidental ingestion of the contaminated soil from the area
of the hazardous substances pose a potential health threat. The site is only
partially fenced, making it possible for people and animals to come into direct
contact with hazardous substances. Elevated pesticide concentrations also were
reported in sediments from Rock Pit Lake, which is used for recreational activities.
The lake intersects the Biscayne Aquifer, presenting a threat of contaminants
entering the drinking water supply.
117
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: While preparing for site cleanup activities, the EPA conducted a
search for potentially responsible parties that have contributed to site
contamination. The EPA began a comprehensive investigation in 1991 of site
activities and will study various cleanup strategies. Once the study is completed, a final
remedy selection will be made.
Environmental Progress
After placing the Wingate Road Municipal Incinerator Dump site on the NPL, the EPA
determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to public health or the
environment while the site is undergoing intensive investigations into permanent cleanup
strategies.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
118
WINGATE ROAD MUNICIPAL
INCINERATOR DUMP
-------
WOODBURY
CHEMICAL COM
(PRINCETON PL^NT)
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD004146346
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Dade County
1/2 mile southwest of Princeton
Since 1975, the Woodbury Chemical Company has blended technical-grade materials in 50-
gallon vats to produce pesticides and fertilizers on a 3-acre site. The site consists of six
buildings including an office, warehouses, and production buildings, as well as several
aboveground storage tanks, the majority of which are diked. Most of the facility grounds are
paved, and the entire site is fenced. In 1985, the EPA identified various pesticides in four
surface soil samples from the site. An estimated 17,600 people live within 3 miles of the site.
These residents depend on the Biscayne Aquifer underlying the site for their drinking water.
The EPA has designated the aquifer as the sole source of drinking water for Dade County.
Three wellfields and several private wells are within 3 miles of the site. A canal that flows
into Biscayne Bay is approximately 2,350 feet to the northeast of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with pesticides including aldrin, dieldrin, toxiphene, and
chlordane from former site operations. Direct contact with the contaminated soil
may be a health threat. Due to the proximity of the Biscayne Aquifer, there is the
potential for off-site groundwater contamination. According to the Florida Marine
Patrol, manatees, which are designated as an endangered species by the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, are frequently seen in a nearby canal.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed through immediate actions; further investigations showed that no
other cleanup actions are required.
119
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Contaminated soil was removed from the site by the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination in 1990. The soil was taken to an
off-site facility for proper disposal.
Entire Site: In 1992, the EPA completed investigating the site to determine the
nature and extent of contamination. Based on the results of this investigation, the
EPA determined that the site poses no risk to the public or environment. The
immediate actions taken at the site have removed all contamination. Therefore, no further
cleanup actions are required. The EPA will continue monitoring the site to ensure that the
site remains safe.
Site Facts: Notice Letters were sent in 1990 to the parties potentially responsible for the
contamination of the site. The EPA decided to complete site investigations on its own after
receiving an unacceptable offer to investigate site contamination from the potentially
responsible parties.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil at the Woodbury Chemical Company site has eliminated all
hazardous materials. Therefore, the EPA has concluded that no further actions are required
at the site. Monitoring of the site by the EPA will ensure the future safety of the site.
Site Repository
South Dade Regional Library, 10750 SW 211th Street, Cutler Ridge, FL 33189
March 1992
120
WOODBURY CHEMICAL COMPANY
(PRINCETON PLANT)
-------
YELLOW W
ROAD DUMP
FLORIDA
EPAID# FLD980844179
EPA REGION 4
Duval County
1 mile south of Baldwin
Other Names:
merican Environmental Energy Co.
Site Description
Prior to commercial development, the 14-acre Yellow Water Road Dump site was part of a
dairy farm. The site was purchased in the late 1940s; however, it was not until 1981, with the
formation of American Environmental Energy Corporation (AEEC), that the site was
developed for commercial uses. The AEEC was formed on the premise that insulation fluids
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could be removed from transformers,
and the transformers could then be salvaged. AEEC planned, through a joint venture with
American Electric Corporation (AEC), to dispose of the PCB-contaminated fluids in an on-
site incinerator. From 1981 to 1984, transformers, tanks, and drums filled with PCBs, waste
oils, and solvents were transported to the site for disposal. Incineration of PCBs never
occurred, as neither AEEC nor AEC were issued permits to conduct on-site incineration. The
operation ended when the property was rezoned. By that time, approximately 63,000 gallons
of oil and transformer fluid containing PCBs had leaked from containers, drums, and tanks,
according to the EPA. Two residences with private wells are located on the Yellow Water
Road site property. A trailer park with 100 residents using private wells is located
approximately 1/4 mile to the east of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
PCBs, iron, and lead from former site operations have been found in the
groundwater both on and off site. PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, and arochlor were
detected in the soil samples taken from the site. Accidental ingestion of
contaminated groundwater and direct contact with contaminated soil and
groundwater may pose health threats.
121
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of soil and groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the EPA removed drums from the site, empty
drums were crushed, and full drums were staged for sampling. Six tanks and a
nearby pond were sampled. Transformers were sampled, opened, decontaminated,
and removed from the site; the contaminated soil from the area was excavated. In 1985, a
water treatment system was set up for the water used in the cleanup and for the water in the
pond. After the cleanup was completed, the site was closed and public access was denied. In
1988, an on-site warehouse was demolished and disposed of, contaminated soil was stockpiled
off site, approximately 79,000 gallons of PCB-contaminated liquids were incinerated and 700
transformers and 18,700 pounds of capacitors were disposed of off site.
Soil: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy for cleanup of the soil which includes
the excavation of PCB-contaminated soil and sediments, treatment by
stabilization/solidification, and the placement of these soils in the former
operations area. Excavated areas will be backfilled and revegetated. In addition, the site will
be fenced to restrict access, and groundwater monitoring will continue. A treatability study
was performed in October 1991 to verify the effectiveness of the stabilization and
solidification process. Design of the selected cleanup alternatives began in early 1991 and is
planned for completion in late 1992.
Groundwater: In early 1991, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination began additional investigations into the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination at the site. These studies were undertaken to
determine the full extent of migration of PCB contamination in the upper water table and to
determine if the lower water table was affected by the contamination. Results from the
additional investigations revealed decreasing PCB concentrations in the monitoring wells on
site. The EPA anticipates selecting an appropriate groundwater remedy in mid-1992.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA secured a court order that prevented the owner of the site
from removing transformers from the site without the EPA's approval. The potentially
responsible parties are developing the designs of the selected soil cleanup under a Unilateral
Administrative Order issued in March 1991.
March 1992 122 YELLOW WATER ROAD DUMP
-------
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions taken to remove contaminated drums and to decommission
transformers on the site have significantly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials at the Yellow Water Road Dump site while the investigation into a permanent
cleanup solution is taking place.
Site Repository
Baldwin Town Hall, 10 U.S. Highway 90, West Baldwin, FL 32234
YELLOW WATER ROAD DUMP
123
March 1992
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ZELLWOOD
WATER
CONTAMINATIO
FLORIDA
EPA ID# FLD049985302
Site Description
D
EPA REGION 4
Orange County
1/2 mile west of the
Town of Zellwood
Other Names:
Drum Service
Company of Florida
The Zellwood Ground Water Contamination site covers 57 acres near Zellwood and is
occupied by four industries. Between 1963 and 1971, Drum Service Company of Florida, a
drum recycling facility, operated a wastewater disposal system without a regulatory permit,
treating and disposing of wastewater in two unlined on-site ponds. In 1980, the company
eliminated the use of these ponds and drained and removed contaminated sediments from
them. Douglas Fertilizer and Chemical Company and Southern Liquid Fertilizer discharged
wastewater from their production process into three unlined lagoons. Additionally, from 1960
to 1983, the Zellwin Farms Company facility, a vegetable washing and packing plant,
discharged wastewater from the vegetable washing process into a ditch. Approximately 300
homes are located within a 1-mile radius of the site and depend on private wells as their sole
source of drinking water. The Town of Zellwood is 1/2 mile away, and about 5,000 of its
residents use groundwater for drinking water. A portion of the site is a marshy wetland.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
The groundwater, sediments, soil, and sludges are contaminated with organics
including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and heavy metals
including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead from former waste disposal
practices at the site. People who use contaminated groundwater as their source of
drinking water may be at risk. Those who come in direct contact with or
accidentally ingest contaminated soil, sludges, or sediments may be harmed. If
contaminants have leached from the lagoon areas into the on-site wetland, wildlife
may be adversely affected.
124
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on soil and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: During an EPA inspection in 1982, an abandoned drum
area was discovered. Under EPA supervision, the party potentially responsible for
the drums, NAPA Properties, paid for their removal.
Soil: In 1987, the EPA had selected two remedies to clean up soil. In 1990, the
EPA amended the earlier remedy to include excavation of contaminated soil,
followed by solidification and fixation on site. If necessary, pond sediments will be
similarly treated. The EPA prepared the technical design for cleaning up the soil in 1991.
Excavation of soils began in late 1991. Additional soil cleanup activities are expected to
begin in 1992.
Groundwater: The EPA is planning to begin an investigation into the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination in 1992. This investigation is expected to be
completed in 1995, at which time the EPA will evaluate the alternatives for
cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums has eliminated immediate threats to the public at the Zellwood
Ground Water Contamination site while further investigations and the design of cleanup
activities continue.
Site Repository
Zellwood Elementary School, 3551 East Washington Street, Zellwood, FL 32798
ZELLWOOD GROUND
WATER CONTAMINATION
125
March 1992
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GLOSSARY
Terms Used in the NPL Book
This glossary defines terms used throughout the NPL Volumes. The terms and
abbreviations contained in this glossary apply specifically to work performed
under the Superfund program in the context of hazardous waste management. These
terms may have other meanings when used in a different context. A table of common
toxic chemicals found at NPL sites, their sources, and their potential threats is located
on page G-15
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0), that are used in chemical manu-
facturing. Acids in high concentration can be
very corrosive and react with many inorganic
and organic substances. These reactions possi-
bly may create toxic compounds or release
heavy metal contaminants that remain in the
environment long after the acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A
legal and enforceable agreement between the
EPA and the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination. Under the terms of the
Order, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules,
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government; it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA,
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally, the
EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for site
studies). This type of Order is not signed by the
PRPs and does not require approval by a judge.
Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown
of contaminants in soil or water by exposing
them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry (ATSDR): The Federal
agency within the U.S. Public Health Service
charged with carrying out the health-related
responsibilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of air
through the contaminated material in a pressur-
ized vessel. The contaminants are evaporated
into the air stream. The air may be further
treated before it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Any unconfined part of the
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of
contaminated air sources.
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate
Requirements (ARARs): Federal, State, or
local laws which apply to Superfund activities at
NPL sites. Both emergency and long-term
actions must comply with these laws or provide
sound reasons for allowing a waiver. ARARs
must be identified for each site relative to the
characteristics of the site, the substances found
at the site, or the cleanup alternatives being
considered for the site.
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GLOSSARY
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock, sand,
or gravel capable of storing water within cracks
and pore spaces, or between grains. When
water contained within an aquifer is of sufficient
quantity and quality, it can be tapped and used
for drinking or other purposes. The water
contained in the aquifer is called groundwater.
A "sole source aquifer" supplies 50 percent or
more of the drinking water of an area.
Artesian (Well): A well made by drilling into
the earth until water is reached, which, due to
internal pressure, flows up like a fountain.
Asbestos: A mineral fiber that can pollute air
or water and is known to cause cancer or
asbestosis when inhaled.
Attenuation: The naturally occurring process
by which a compound is reduced in concentra-
tion over time through adsorption, degradation,
dilution, or transformation.
Background Level: The amount of a sub-
stance typically found in the air, water, or soil
from natural, as opposed to human, sources.
Baghouse Dust: Dust accumulated in
removing particulates from the air by passing it
through cloth bags in an enclosure.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH
(greater than 7.0), which tend to be corrosive in
chemical reactions. When bases are mixed with
acids, they neutralize each other, forming salts.
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth used
to prevent the migration of contaminants.
Bioaccumulate: The process by which some
contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living
tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people, as they
breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated
water, or eat contaminated food.
Biological Treatment: The use of bacteria
or other microbial organisms to break down
toxic organic materials into carbon dioxide and
water.
Bioremediation: A cleanup process using
naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants and
break them down into non-hazardous compo-
nents.
Bog: A type of wetland that is covered with
peat moss deposits. Bogs depend primarily on
moisture from the air for their water source, are
usually acidic, and are rich in plant residue [see
Wetland].
Boom: A floating device used to contain oil
floating on a body of water or to restrict the
potential overflow of waste liquids from
containment structures.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into the
ground and used to sample soil or ground-water.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil,
sand, or gravel has been dug up for use else-
where.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a
synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated
materials. The surface of the cap generally is
mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in
which contaminants are removed from ground-
water and surface water by forcing water
through tanks containing activated carbon, a
specially treated material that attracts and holds
or retains contaminants.
Carbon Disulfide: A degreasing agent
formerly used extensively for parts washing.
This compound has both inorganic and organic
G-2
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GLOSSARY
properties, which increase cleaning efficiency.
However, these properties also cause chemical
reactions that increase the hazard to human
health and the environment.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion].
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series of
holes in a landfill where waste is dumped,
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt.
CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation, and Liability Act].
Characterization: The sampling, monitoring,
and analysis of a site to determine the extent and
nature of toxic releases. Characterization
provides the basis for acquiring the necessary
technical information to develop, screen, ana-
lyze, and select appropriate cleanup techniques.
Chemical Fixation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the poten-
tial for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic
and water-soluble, making it a relatively mobile
contaminant in the environment
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a release
or threat of release of a hazardous substance.
The term "cleanup" sometimes is used inter-
changeably with the terms remedial action,
removal action, response action, or corrective
action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill stops
accepting wastes and is shut down under Federal
guidelines that ensure the protection of the
public and the environment.
Comment Period: A specific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period is
provided when the EPA proposes to add sites to
the NPL. Also, there is minimum 3-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed to
clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communication
with the public. The goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related actions,
assuring public input into decision-making
processes related to affected communities, and
making certain that the Agency is aware of, and
responsive to, public concerns. Specific com-
munity relations activities are required in
relation to Superfund cleanup actions [see
Comment Period].
Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA, known as Superfund, in 1980 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment. The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come together.
Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which
groundwater is confined under pressure that is
significantly greater than atmospheric pressure.
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GLOSSARY
Consent Decree: A legal document, ap-
proved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between the EPA and the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the
potentially responsible parties are required to
perform, or the costs incurred by the govern-
ment that the parties will reimburse, and the
roles, responsibilities, and enforcement options
that the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. If a settlement between the EPA and a
potentially responsible party includes cleanup
actions, it must be in the form of a Consent
Decree. A Consent Decree is subject to a public
comment period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order
on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or
containing hazardous substances in a structure,
typically in a pond or a lagoon, to prevent the
migration of contaminants into the environment.
Contaminant: Any physical, chemical,
biological, or radiological material or substance
whose quantity, location, or nature produces
undesirable health or environmental effects.
Contingency Plan: A document setting
out an organized, planned, and coordinated
course of action to be followed in case of a
fire, explosion, or other accident that releases
toxic chemicals, hazardous wastes, or radioac-
tive materials into the environment.
Cooperative Agreement: A contract
between the EPA and the States, wherein a State
agrees to manage or monitor certain site cleanup
responsibilities and other activities on a cost-
sharing basis.
Cost Recovery: A legal process by which
potentially responsible parties can be required
to pay back the Superfund program for money
it spends on any cleanup actions [see Poten-
tially Responsible Parties].
Cover: Vegetation or other material placed
over a landfill or other waste material. It can
be designed to reduce movement of water into
the waste and to prevent erosion that could
cause the movement of contaminants.
Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood pre-
serving operations and produced by distilla-
tion of tar, including polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons [see PAHs and PNAsj. Con-
taminating sediments, soils, and surface
water, creosotes may cause skin ulcerations
and cancer through prolonged exposure.
Culvert: A pipe used for drainage under a
road, railroad track, path, or through an embank-
ment.
Decommission: To revoke a license to
operate and take out of service.
Degradation: The process by which a chemi-
cal is reduced to a less complex form.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes,
soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
Deletion: A site is eligible for deletion from
the NPL when Superfund response actions at the
site are complete. A site is deleted from the
NPL when a notice is published in the Federal
Register.
De minimis: This legal phrase pertains to
settlements with parties who contributed small
amounts of hazardous waste to a site. This
process allows the EPA to settle with small, or
de minimis contributors, as a single group rather
than as individuals, saving time, money, and
effort.
Dewater: To remove water from wastes, soils,
or chemicals.
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GLOSSARY
Dike: A low wall that can act as a barrier to
prevent a spill from spreading.
Dioxin: An organic chemical by-product of
pesticide manufacture which is known to be one
of the most toxic man-made chemicals.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals; polluted
soils; and drums containing hazardous materials.
Disposal may be accomplished through the use
of approved secure landfills, surface impound-
ments, land farming, deep well injection, or
incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydrologic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgradi-
ent of a contaminated groundwater source are
prone to receiving pollutants.
Ecological Assessment: A study of the
impact of man-made or natural activity on living
creatures and their environment.
Effluent: Wastewater, treated or untreated,
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and
surface areas of commercial or industrial facili-
ties.
Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix; e.g., oil and
water.
Endangerment Assessment: A study
conducted to determine the risks posed to public
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to direct
the potentially responsible parties to clean up a
site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment
assessinent supplements an investigation of the
site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA, State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements; to compel compliance with laws,
rules, regulations, or agreements; or to obtain
penalties or criminal sanctions for violations.
Enforcement procedures may vary, depending
on the specific requirements of different
environmental laws and related regulatory
requirements. Under CERCLA, for example,
the EPA will seek to require potentially
responsible parties to clean up a Superfund
site or pay for the cleanup [see Cost Recov-
ery].
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out.
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as the
remedial investigation is underway. In this
volume, the feasibility study is referred to as a
site study [see also Remedial Investigation].
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GLOSSARY
Filtration: A treatment process for remov-
ing solid (particulate) matter from water by
passing the water through sand, activated
carbon, or a man-made filter. The process is
often used to remove particles that contain
contaminants.
Flood Plain: An area along a river, formed
from sediment deposited by floods. Flood
plains periodically are innundated by natural
floods, which can spread contamination.
Flue Gas: The air that is emitted from a
chimney after combustion in the burner
occurs. The gas can include nitrogen oxides,
carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides,
particles, and many chemical pollutants.
Fly Ash: Non-combustible residue that results
from the combustion of flue gases. It can
include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water
vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many other
chemical pollutants.
French Drain System: A crushed rock drain
system constructed of perforated pipes, which is
used to drain and disperse wastewater.
Gasification (coal): The conversion of soft
coal into gas for use as a fuel.
General Notice Letter: [See Notice Letter].
Generator: A facility that emits pollutants
into the air or releases hazardous wastes into
water or soil.
Good Faith Offer: A voluntary offer, gener-
ally in response to a Special Notice letter, made
by a potentially responsible party, consisting of
a written proposal demonstrating a potentially
responsible party's qualifications and willing-
ness to perform a site study or cleanup.
Groundwater: Water that fills pores in soils
or openings in rocks to the point of saturation.
In aquifers, groundwater occurs in sufficient
quantities for use as drinking and irrigation
water and other purposes.
Groundwater Quality Assessment: The
process of analyzing the chemical characteris-
tics of groundwater to determine whether any
hazardous materials exist.
Halogens: Reactive non-metals, such as
chlorine and bromine. Halogens are very
good oxidizing agents and, therefore, have
many industrial uses. They are rarely found
by themselves; however, many chemicals
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
some volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and dioxin are reactive because of the pres-
ence of halogens.
Hazard Ranking System (HRS): The
principal screening tool used by the EPA to
evaluate relative risks to public health and the
environment associated with abandoned or
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The HRS
calculates a score based on the potential of
hazardous substances spreading from the site
through the air, surface water, or groundwater
and on other factors such as nearby popula-
tion. The HRS score is the primary factor in
deciding if the site should be on the NPL.
Hazardous Waste: By-products of society
that can pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health and the environment
when improperly managed. Hazardous waste
possesses at least one of four characteristics
(ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxic-
ity), or appears on special EPA lists.
Heavy Metals: Metallic elements with high
atomic weights, such as arsenic, lead, mercury,
and cadmium. Heavy metals are very hazardous
even at low concentrations and tend to accumu-
late in the food chain.
Herbicide: A chemical pesticide designed to
control or destroy plants, weeds, or grasses.
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GLOSSARY
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site contain-
ing exceptionally high levels of contamination.
Hydrocarbons: Chemical compounds that
consist entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrology: The properties, distribution, and
circulation of water.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater,
with particular emphasis on the chemistry and
movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by controlled
burning at high temperatures, e.g., burning
sludge to reduce the remaining residues to a
non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely
on land, in some waters, or in underground
locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or
other liquid down through soil from precipita-
tion (rain or snow) or from application of
wastewater to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant.
Injection Well: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical sub-
stances of mineral origin, not of basic carbon
structure.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 1978
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source from where a water supply
is drawn, such as from a river or water body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities,
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of the
agencies for performing and overseeing the
activities. States often are parties to interagency
agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in 1980, are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges,
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land or incor-
porate waste into the surface soil, such as
fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to the
smallest practical volume, and covered with soil
at the end of each operating day. Secure chemi-
cal landfills are disposal sites for hazardous
waste. They are designed to minimize the
chance of release of hazardous substances into
the environment [see Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act].
Leach, Leaching [v.t.]: The process by
which soluble chemical components are dis-
solved and carried through soil by water or
some other percolating liquid.
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GLOSSARY
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles through
or drains from waste, carrying soluble compo-
nents from the waste.
Leachate Collection System: A system
that gathers liquid that has leaked into a landfill
or other waste disposal area and pumps it to the
surface for treatment.
Liner: A relatively impermeable barrier
designed to prevent leachate (waste residue)
from leaking from a landfill. Liner materials
include plastic and dense clay.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct,
often incremental, steps that are taken to solve
site pollution problems. Depending on the
complexity, site cleanup activities can be
separated into several of these phases.
Long-term Response Action: An action
which requires a continuous period of on-site
activity before cleanup goals are achieved.
These actions typically include the extraction
and treatment of groundwater and monitoring
actions.
Marsh: A type of wetland that does not
contain peat moss deposits and is dominated by
vegetation. Marshes may be either fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetland].
Migration: The movement of oil, gas, con-
taminants, water, or other liquids through porous
and permeable soils or rock.
Mill Tailings: [See Mine Tailings].
Mine Tailings: A fine, sandy residue left from
mining operations. Tailings often contain high
concentrations of lead, uranium, and arsenic or
other heavy metals.
Mitigation: Actions taken to improve site
conditions by limiting, reducing, or controlling
toxicity and contamination sources.
Modeling: A technique using a mathematical
or physical representation of a system or theory
that tests the effects that changes on system
components have on the overall performance of
the system.
Monitoring Wells: Special wells drilled at
specific locations within, or surrounding, a
hazardous waste site where groundwater can be
sampled at selected depths and studied to obtain
such information as the direction in which
groundwater flows and the types and amounts of
contaminates present.
National Priorities List (NPL): The
EPA's list of the most serious uncontrolled or
abandoned hazardous waste sites identified
for possible long-term cleanup under Super-
fund. The EPA is required to update the NPL
at least once a year.
Natural Attenuation: [See Attenuation].
Neutrals: Organic compounds that have a
relatively neutral pH, complex structure and,
due to their organic bases, are easily absorbed
into the environment. Water is the most
commonly known neutral, however, naphtha-
lene, pyrene, and trichlorobenzene also are
examples of neutrals.
NitroaromatJCS: Common components of
explosive materials, which will explode if
activated by very high temperatures or pres-
sures; 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a
nitroaromatic.
Notice Letter: A General Notice Letter
notifies the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination of their possible liability. A
Special Notice Letter begins a 60-day formal
period of negotiation during which the EPA is
not allowed to start work at a site or initiate
enforcement actions against potentially respon-
sible parties, although the EPA may undertake
certain investigatory and planning activities.
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GLOSSARY
The 60-day period may be extended if the EPA
receives a good faith offer from the PRPs
within that period. [See also Good Faith Offer].
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA, Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superfund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds:
Chemical substances containing mainly
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where wastewater is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic,
modified petrochemical that may be used as a
wood preservative because of its toxicity to
termites and fungi. It is a common component
of creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay or
rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Pesticide: A substance or mixture of sub-
stances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel any
pest. If misused, pesticides can accumulate in
the foodchain and contaminate the environment.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery operations
and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene, chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from
which volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
plastics, and many pesticides are made. These
chemical substances often are toxic to humans
and the environment.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in
plastics manufacturing and are by-products of
petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and
resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly poison-
ous.
Physical Chemical Separation: The
treatment process of adding a chemical to a
substance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal.
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to determine
its ability to clean up specific contaminants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow of
water, oil, or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The movement
of the groundwater is influenced by such factors
as local groundwater flow patterns, the character
of the aquifer in which groundwater is con-
tained, and the density of contaminants [see
Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature, location, or quantity
produces undesired health or environmental
effects.
G-9
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GLOSSARY
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):
PAHs, such as pyrene, are a group of highly
reactive organic compounds found in motor oil.
They are a common component of creosotes and
can cause cancer.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): A
group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications,
carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope immersion oils, and caulking
compounds. PCBs also are produced in certain
combustion processes. PCBs are extremely
persistent in the environment because they are
very stable, non-reactive, and highly heat
resistant. Chronic exposure to PCBs is believed
to cause liver damage. It also is known to
bioaccumulate in fatty tissues. PCB use and
sale was banned in 1979 with the passage of the
Toxic Substances Control Act.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and
biphenyls, are a group of highly reactive organic
compounds that are a common component of
creosotes, which can be carcinogenic.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A plastic made
from the gaseous substance vinyl chloride. PVC
is used to make pipes, records, raincoats, and
floor tiles. Health risks from high concentra-
tions of vinyl chloride include liver cancer and
lung cancer, as well as cancer of the lymphatic
and nervous systems.
Potable Water: Water that is safe for drink-
ing and cooking.
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs):
Parties associated with a Superfund site who
may be liable for the cost of remedying the
release of hazardous substances. This may
include owners or operators of the site or trans-
porters who disposed of materials at the site.
PRPs may admit liability, or liability may be
determined by a court of law. PRPs may sign a
Consent Decree or Administrative Order on
Consent to participate in the site cleanup without
admitting liability.
Precipitation: The removal of solids from
liquid waste so that the solid and liquid portions
can be disposed of safely; the removal of
particles from airborne emissions. Electro-
chemical precipitation is the use of an anode or
cathode to remove the hazardous chemicals.
Chemical precipitation involves the addition of
some substance to cause the solid portion to
separate.
Preliminary Assessment: The process of
collecting and reviewing available information
about a known or suspected waste site or release
to determine if a threat or potential threat exists.
Pump and Treat: A groundwater cleanup
technique involving the extracting of contami-
nated groundwater from the subsurface and the
removal of contaminants, using one of several
treatment technologies.
Radionuclides: Elements, including radium
and uranium-235 and -238, which break down
and produce radioactive substances due to their
unstable atomic structure. Some are man-made,
and others are naturally occurring in the envi-
ronment. Radon, the gaseous form of radium,
decays to form alpha particle radiation, which
cannot be absorbed through skin. However, it
can be inhaled, which allows alpha particles to
affect unprotected tissues directly and thus cause
cancer. Radiation also occurs naturally through
the breakdown of granite.
RCRA: [See Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act].
Recharge Area: A land area where rainwater
saturates the ground and soaks through the earth
to reach an aquifer.
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GLOSSARY
Record of Decision (ROD): A public
document that explains which cleanup
alternative(s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual con-
struction or implementation phase of a
Superfund site cleanup following the remedial
design [see Cleanup].
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth
study designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contamina-
tion at a Superfund site, establish the criteria
for cleaning up the site, identify the prelimi-
nary alternatives for cleanup actions, and
support the technical and cost analyses of the
alternatives. The remedial investigation is
usually done with the feasibility study. In this
volume, the remedial investigation is referred
to as a site study [see also Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at the site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed without
further cleanup activities, a "No Action"
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision].
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant re-
maining in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g.,
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or the particulates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubber.
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA): A Federal law that established
a regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons the
store waste.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contaminants
from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution control device
that uses a spray of water or reactant or a dry
process to trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters such
as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
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GLOSSARY
Seeps: Specific points where releases of
liquid, usually leachate, form from waste
disposal areas, particularly along the lower
edges of landfills.
Seepage Pits: A hole, shaft, or cavity in
the ground used for the storage of liquids,
usually in the form of leachate, from waste
disposal areas. The liquid gradually leaves
the pit by moving through the surrounding
soil.
Septage: Residue remaining in a septic tank
after the treatment process.
Sinkhole: A hollow depression in the land
surface in which drainage collects; associated
with underground caves and passages that
facilitate the movement of liquids.
Site Characterization: The technical pro-
cess used to evaluate the nature and extent of
environmental contamination, which is neces-
sary for choosing and designing cleanup mea-
sures and monitoring their effectiveness.
Site Inspection: The collection of informa-
tion from a hazardous waste site to determine
the extent and severity of hazards posed by the
site. It follows, and is more extensive than, a
preliminary assessment. The purpose is to
gather information necessary to score the site,
using the Hazard Ranking System, and to
determine if the site presents an immediate
threat that requires a prompt removal action.
Slag: The fused refuse or dross separated
from a metal in the process of smelting.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial
or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the flow
of contaminated groundwater or subsurface
liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by digging
a trench around a contaminated area and filling
the trench with an impermeable material that
prevents water from passing through it. The
groundwater or contaminated liquids trapped
within the area surrounded by the slurry wall
can be extracted and treated.
Smelter: A facility that melts or fuses ore,
often with an accompanying chemical change,
to separate the metal. Emissions from smelters
are known to cause pollution.
Soil Gas: Gaseous elements and compounds
that occur in the small spaces between par-
ticles of soil. Such gases can move through
or leave the soil or rock, depending on
changes in pressure.
Soil Vapor Extraction: A treatment
process that uses vacuum wells to remove
hazardous gases from soil.
Soil Washing: A water-based process for
mechanically scrubbing soils in-place to remove
undesirable materials. There are two ap-
proaches: dissolving or suspending them in the
wash solution for later treatment by conven-
tional methods, and concentrating them into a
smaller volume of soil through simple particle
size separation techniques [see Solvent Extrac-
tion].
Stabilization: The process of changing an
active substance into inert, harmless material,
or physical activities at a site that act to limit
the further spread of contamination without
actual reduction of toxicity.
Solidification/Stabilization: A chemical
or physical reduction of the mobility of
hazardous constituents. Mobility is reduced
through the binding of hazardous constituents
into a solid mass with low permeability and
resistance to leaching.
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GLOSSARY
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form a solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for degreasing, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges,
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorption: The action of soaking up or
attracting substances. It is used in many
pollution control systems.
Special Notice Letter: [See Notice Let-
ter].
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air Strip-
ping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal.
Superfund: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority to
respond directly to releases or threatened re-
leases of hazardous substances that may endan-
ger public health, welfare, or the environment
The "Superfund" is a trust fund that finances
cleanup actions at hazardous, waste sites.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, including
liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetlands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soil.
Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater, soil, etc.,
to deterinine whether and how well the method
will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent.
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled,
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver [see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order].
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope;
demarks areas that are higher than contaminated
areas and, therefore, are not prone to contamina-
tion by the movement of polluted groundwater.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the soil
draws VOC-contaminated air from the soil
pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn down
from the surface of the soil.
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GLOSSARY
Vegetated Soil Cap: A cap constructed with
graded soils and seed for vegetative growth, to
prevent erosion [see Cap].
Vitrification: The process of electrically
melting wastes and soils or sludges to bind the
waste in a glassy, solid material more durable
than granite or marble and resistant to leaching.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
VOCs are manufactured as secondary petro-
chemicals. They include light alcohols, acetone,
trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride,
toluene, and methylene chloride. These poten-
tially toxic chemicals are used as solvents,
degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels. Because
of their volatile nature, they readily evaporate
into the air, increasing the potential exposure to
humans. Due to their low water solubility,
environmental persistence, and widespread
industrial use, they are commonly found in soil
and groundwater.
Waste Treatment Plant: A facility that
uses a series of tanks, screens, filters, and
other treatment processes to remove pollut-
ants from water.
Wastewater: The spent or used water from
individual homes or industries.
Watershed: The land area that drains into a
stream or other water body.
Water Table: The upper surface of the
groundwater.
Weir: A barrier to divert water or other liquids.
Wetland: An area that is regularly saturated
by surface or groundwater and, under normal
circumstances, is capable of supporting
vegetation typically adapted for life in satu-
rated soil conditions. Wetlands are critical to
sustaining many species of fish and wildlife.
Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes,
and bogs. Wetlands may be either coastal or
inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish
(a mixture of salt and fresh) water, and most
have tides, while inland wetlands are non-
tidal and freshwater. Coastal wetlands are an
integral component of estuaries.
Wildlife Refuge: An area designated for
the protection of wild animals, within which
hunting and fishing are either prohibited or
strictly controlled.
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GLOSSARY
Some Common Contaminants at NPL Sites
Contaminant
Category
Example
Chemical Types
Sources
Potential Health
Threats*
Heavy Melafe
Volatile Organic?
Compounds
(VOCs)
Pesticides/
Herbicides
Poiychtorinated
(PCBs}
Creosotes
Radiation
(RadionucSkfes}
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper,
Chromium, Lead, Manga-
nese, Mercury, Nickel,
Silver, Selenium, Zinc
Trichloroethylene (TCE),
Perchloroethylene (PCE),
Acetone, Benzene,
Ketone, Methyl chloride,
Toluene, Vinyl Chloride,
Dichlorethylene
Chlordane, DDT 4-4, DDE,
Heptachlor, Aldrin, Endrin,
Atrazine, Dieldrin, Toxa-
phene
Polyaromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs), Polynuclear
aromatics (PNAs),
Phenolic Tars, Pentachlo-
rophenol (PCP)
Radium-226, Radon,
Uranium-235, Uranium-
238
Electroplating, batteries,
paint pigments, photogra-
phy, smelting, thermom-
eters, fluorescent lights,
solvent recovery
Solvents and degreasers,
gasoline octane enhanc-
ers, oils and paints, dry
cleaning fluids, chemical
manufacturing.
Agricultural applications,
pesticide and herbicide
production
Electric transformers and
capacitors, insulators and
coolants, adhesives,
caulking compounds,
carbonless copy paper,
hydraulic fluids.
Wood preserving, fossil
fuel combustion
Mine tailings, radium
products, natural decay of
granites
Tumors, cancers, and kidney,
brain, neurological, bone and
liver damage
Cancers, kidney and liver
damage, impairment of the
nervous system resulting in
sleepiness and headaches,
leukemia
Various effects ranging from
nausea to nervous disorders.
Dioxin is a common by-product
of the manufacture of pesti-
cides and is both highly toxic
and a suspected carcinogen.
Cancer and liver damage.
Cancers and skin ulcerations
with prolonged exposure
Cancer
Sources: Toxic Chemicals—What They Are, How They Affect You (EPA, Reg/on 5)
Glossary of Environmental Terms (EPA, 1988)
'The potential for risk due to these contaminants is linked to a number of factors; for example, the length and level of exposure
and environmental and health factors such as age
US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1993—3 41 -8 3 5 / 83021
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