&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(5102G)
SUPERFUND:
EPA/540/R-93/030
December 1992
PB93-963231
Progress at
National
Priority
List Sites
NEW YORK
1992 UPDATE
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Publication #9200.5-7328
December 1992
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
New York
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Emergency & Remedial Response
Office of Program Management ^ Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes, contact:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 486-4650
The complete set of the 49 State reports may be ordered as PB93-963250.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
A Brief Overview of Superfund v
Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model ix
How Superfund Works x
THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book xi
A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
.XV
THE NPL REPORT
Progress to Date xix
THE NPL FACT SHEETS i
THE GLOSSARY
Terms used in the NPL Book G-l
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INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUPERFUND
During the second half of the Twentieth
Century, the environmental conse-
quences of more than 100 years of industrial-
ization in the United States became increas-
ingly clear. Authors such as Rachel Carson
wrote passionately about the often-hidden en-
vironmental effects of our modern society's
widespread use of chemicals and other haz-
ardous materials. Their audience was small at
first, but gradually their message spread.
Growing concern turned to action, as people
learned more about the environment and be-
gan to act on their knowledge
The 1970s saw environmental issues burst
onto the national scene and take hold in the
national consciousness. The first Earth Day
was observed in 1970, the year that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
founded. By the end of the 1970s, Love Canal
in New York and the Valley of the Drums in
Kentucky had entered the popular lexicon as
synonyms for pollution and environmental
degradation.
Superfund Is Established
The industrialization that gave Americans the
world's highest standard of living also created
problems that only a national program could
address. By 1980, the U.S. Congress had
passed numerous environmental laws, imple-
mented by the EPA, but many serious hazard-
ous waste problems were slipping through the
cracks.
Responding to growing concern about public
health and environmental threats from uncon-
trolled releases of hazardous materials, the
U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA). Popularly known as
Superfund, CERCLA had one seemingly
simple job—to uncover and clean up hazard-
ous materials spills and contaminated sites.
A Big Job
Few in Congress, the EPA, the environmen-
tal community, or the general public knew in
19X0 just how big the nation's hazardous ma-
terials problem is. Almost everyone thought
that Superfund would be a short-lived pro-
gram requiring relatively few resources to
clean up at most a few hundred sites. They
were quite mistaken.
As the EPA set to work finding sites and
gauging their potential to harm people and
the environment, the number of sites grew.
Each discovery seemed to lead to another,
and today almost 36,000 hazardous waste
sites have been investigated as potential haz-
ardous waste sites. They are catalogued in
the EPA's computerized database, CERCLIS
(for the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
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INTRODUCTION
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Informa-
tion System).
The damage to public health and the environ-
ment that each site in CERCLIS might cause
is evaluated; many sites have been referred to
State and local governments for cleanup. The
EPA lists the nation's most serious hazardous
waste sites on the National Priorities List, or
NPL. (These Superfund sites are eligible for
federally-funded cleanup, but whenever pos-
sible the EPA makes polluters pay for the
contamination they helped create.) The NPL
now numbers 1,275 sites, with 50 to 100
added each year. By the end of the century,
the NPL may reach as many as 2,100 sites.
Superfund faces some of the most complex
pollution problems ever encountered by an
environmental program. Improperly stored or
disposed chemicals and the soil they contami-
nate are one concern. More difficult to correct
are the wetlands and bays, and the groundwa-
ter, lakes, and rivers often used for drinking
water that are contaminated by chemicals
spreading through the soil or mixing with
storm water runoff. Toxic vapors contaminate
the air at some sites, threatening the health of
people living and working near by.
Superfund aims to control immediate public
health and environmental threats by tackling
the worst problems at the worst sites first.
Wherever possible, Superfund officials use
innovative treatment techniques—many de-
veloped or refined by the EPA—to correct
hazardous materials problems once and for
all. Many of the treatment techniques they use
did not exist when the program was created.
The EPA Administrator had challenged Su-
perfund to complete construction necessary
for cleanup work at 130 NPL sites by the end
of the 1992 federal fiscal year. By September
30, 1992, the end of fiscal year 1992, con-
struction had been completed at a total of 149
NPL sites. Superfund is well on its way of
meeting the Administrator's goal of complet-
ing construction at 200 NPL sites by the end
of fiscal year 1993, and 650 sites by the end
of fiscal year 2000.
Quick Cleanup at
Non-NPL Sites
Long-standing hazardous waste sites are not
Superfund's only concern. The EPA also re-
sponds to hazardous spills and other emergen-
cies, hauling away chemicals for proper treat-
ment or disposal. Superfund teams perform or
supervise responses at rail and motor vehicle
accidents, fires, and other emergencies in-
volving hazardous substances. They also
evacuate people living and working near by,
if necessary, and provide clean drinking water
to people whose own water is contaminated.
Removal crews also post warning signs and
take other precautions to keep people and ani-
mals away from hazardous substances.
Superfund employee prepares equipment for groundwater
treatment.
VI
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INTRODUCTION
Quick Cleanups, or Removals, are not limited
to emergencies. When cleanup crews at con-
taminated sites find hazardous substances that
immediately threaten people or the environ-
ment, they act right away to reduce the threat
or to remove the chemicals outright. As the
EPA implements the Superfund Accelerated
Cleanup Model (SACM), more and more sites
will undergo quick cleanups, and many of
these will be cleaned up completely without
ever being included on the NPL. (See
"Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Ac-
celerated Cleanup Model.")
Some of Superfund's most significant gains in
public health and environmental protection
have been won by the removal program. As of
March 31, 1992, the Emergency Response
Superfund employee removing drums from a Superfund site.
Program had logged more than 2,300 removal
completions since Superfund was established.
The Public's Role
Superfund is unique among federal programs
in its commitment to citizen participation. Al-
though the EPA is responsible for determin-
ing how dangerous a site is and how best to
clean it up, the Agency relies on citizen input
as it makes these decisions.
Community residents are often invaluable
sources of information about a hazardous
waste site, its current and previous owners,
and the activities that took place there. Such
information can be crucial to experts evaluat-
ing a site and its potential dangers.
Residents also comment on EPA cleanup
plans by stating their concerns and prefer-
ences at public meetings and other forums and
in formal, written comments to Agency pro-
posals. The EPA takes these comments and
concerns seriously, and has modified many
proposals in response to local concerns. For,
ultimately, it is the community and its citizens
that will live with the results of the EPA's de-
cisions and actions; it is only fair that citizens
participate in the process.
A Commitment to
Communication
The Superfund program is very serious about
public outreach and communication. Com-
munity relations coordinators are assigned to
each NPL site to help the public understand
the potential hazards present, as well as the
cleanup alternatives. Local information re-
positories, such as libraries or other public
buildings, have been established near each
NPL site to ensure that the public has an op-
portunity to review all relevant information
and the proposed cleanup plans.
The individual State volumes contain sum-
mary fact sheets on NPL sites in each State
and territory. Together, the fact sheets provide
a concise report on site conditions and the
progress made toward site cleanups as of
March 1992. The EPA revises these volumes
periodically to provide an up-to-date record of
program activities. A glossary of key terms
relating to hazardous waste management and
Superfund site cleanup is provided at the back
of this book.
VII
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INTRODUCTION
Superfund is, of course, a public program, and
as such it belongs to everyone of us. This vol-
ume, along with other State volumes, com-
prises the EPA's report on Superfund
progress to the program's owners for the year
1992.
VIII
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INTRODUCTION
STREAMLINING SUPERFUND: THE SUPERFUND
ACCELERATED CLEANUP MODEL
Historically, critics and supporters alike
have measured Superfund's progress
by the number of hazardous waste sites de-
leted from the NPL. Although easy enough to
tally, this approach is too narrow. It misses
the major gains Superfund makes by reducing
major risks at the nation's worst hazardous
sites long before all clean-up work is done
and the site deleted. It also ignores the Re-
moval Program's contributions to meeting
Superfund's twin mandates of maximizing
public health and environmental protection.
Renewing Superfund's commitment to rapid
protection from hazardous materials, the EPA
is streamlining the program. The Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model, or SACM, will
take Early Actions, such as removing hazard-
ous wastes or contaminated materials, while
experts study the site. SACM also will com-
bine similar site studies to reduce the time re-
quired to evaluate a site and its threats to
people and the environment. This way, imme-
diate public health and environmental threats
will be addressed while long-term cleanups
are being planned.
Emergencies such as train derailments and
motor vehicle accidents will continue to be
handled expeditiously. Teams of highly
trained technicians will swing into action
right away, coordinating the cleanup and re-
moval of hazardous substances to ensure pub-
lic safety as quickly as possible.
Breaking With Tradition
The traditional Superfund process begins with
a lengthy phase of study and site assessment,
but SACM will save time by combining sepa-
rate, yet similar, activities. Each EPA Region
will form a Decision Team of site managers,
risk assessors, community relations coordina-
tors, lawyers, and other experts to monitor the
studies and quickly determine whether a site
requires Early Action (taking less than five
years), Long-term Action, or both.
While the site studies continue, the Decision
Team will begin the short-term work required
to correct immediate public health or environ-
mental threats from the site. Besides remov-
ing hazardous materials, Early Actions in-
clude taking precautions to keep contaminants
from moving off the site and restricting access
to the site. Early Actions could eliminate most
human risk from these sites, and Superfund
will further focus its public participation and
public information activities on site assess-
ment and Early Action.
Long-Term Solutions
While Early Actions can correct many hazard-
ous waste problems—and provide the bulk of
public health and environmental protection—
some contamination will take longer to cor-
rect. Cleanups of mining sites, wetlands, estu-
aries, and projects involving incineration of
contaminants or restoration of groundwater
can take far longer than the three to five years
envisioned for Early Actions. Under SACM,
these sites will be handled much as they are
now.
Also under SACM, the EPA will continue its
pursuit of potentially responsible parties who
may have caused or contributed to site con-
tamination. Expedited enforcement and
procedures for negotiating potentially respon-
sible party settlements will secure their par-
ticipation. Superfund personnel will continue
to oversee clean-up work performed by poten-
tially responsible parties.
IX
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INTRODUCTION
HOW SUPERFUND WORKS
Each Superfund site presents a different
set of complex problems. The same haz-
ardous materials and chemicals often con-
taminate many sites, but the details of each
site are different. Almost always, soil is con-
taminated with one or more chemicals. Their
vapors may taint the air over and around the
site. Contaminants may travel through the soil
and reach underground aquifers which may be
used for drinking water, or they may spread
over the site to contaminate streams, ponds,
and wetlands. The contaminating chemicals
may interact with each other, presenting even
more complicated cleanup problems.
Superfund's cleanup process is arduous and
exacting. It requires the best efforts of hun-
dreds of experts in science and engineering, [
public health, administration and manage-
ment, law, and many other fields.
The average NPL site takes from seven to ten
years to work its way through the system,
from discovery to the start of long-term
cleanup. Actual cleanup work can take years,
decades if contaminated groundwater must
be treated. Of course, imminent threats to
public health or the environment are cor-
rected right away.
The diagram to the right presents a simplified
view of the cleanup process. The major steps
in the Superfund process are:
• Site discovery and investigation to iden-
tify contaminants and determine whether
emergency action is required;
• Emergency site work such as removing
contaminants for proper treatment or dis-
posal, and securing the site to keep people
and animals away, if warranted by condi-
tions at the site;
• Site evaluation to determine how people
living and working nearby, and the envi-
ronment, may be exposed to site contami-
nants;
Detailed studies to determine whether con-
ditions are serious enough to add the site to
the National Priorities List of sites eligible
for federally funded cleanup under Super-
fund;
1 Selection, design, and implementation of a
cleanup plan, after a thorough review of
the most effective cleanup options, given
site conditions, contaminants present, and
their potential threat to public health or the
environment.
1 Follow-up to ensure that the cleanup work
done at the site continues to be effective
over the long term.
The Superfund Process
From the earliest stages, EPA investigators
work hard to identify those responsible for the
contamination. As their responsibility is es-
tablished, the EPA negotiates with these "re-
sponsible parties" to pay for cleaning up the
problem they helped create. This "enforce-
ment first" policy saves Superfund Trust Fund
monies for use in cleanups where the respon-
sible parties cannot be identified, or where
they are unable to fund cleanup work.
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THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book
I he site fact sheets presented in this book
A are comprehensive summaries that cover
a broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ("Threats and
Contaminants"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or planned. The fact
sheets conclude with a brief synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for site contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You can use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you, particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
XI
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THE VOLUME
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Provides the dates when the
site was Proposed, made Final,
and Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties taking responsibility
for cleanup actions at the site.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the threats to nearby
residents and the surrounding
environment and the progress
towards cleaning up the site.
SITE NAME
STATE
EPA ID* ABCOOOOOOO
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Threats and Contaminants
Response Action Status
Site Facts:
Environmental Progress
Site Repository
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the location of the primary site repository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
XII
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THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
xiii
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THE VOLUME
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Contaminated Groundwater resources
in the vicinity or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used as a drink-
ing water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site. (These
include lakes, ponds, streams, and
rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas emis-
sions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on or
near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on the
site.)
Threatened or contaminated Environ-
mentally Sensitive Areas in the vicinity
of the site. (Examples include wet-
lands and coastal areas or critical
habitats.)
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
Initial, Immediate, or Emergency
Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine
the nature and extent of contamination
are planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part of
the site.
Remedy Design means that engineers
are preparing specifications and
drawings for the selected cleanup
techn.ologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved for
the contaminated site or part of the
site.
XIV
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A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
xv
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Superfund
Activities in
New York
The State of New York is located within
EPA Region 2, which also includes New
Jersey, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
The State covers 49,108 square miles.
According to the 1990 Census, New York
experienced a 3 percent increase in popula-
tion between 1980 and 1990, and is ranked
second in U.S. population with approximately 17,991,000 residents.
The 1979 Abandoned Sites Act mandates a statewide inventory of hazardous waste sites and grants
the State the authority to order cleanup activities or conduct cleanup activities itself. While negotiated
settlements are preferred, the State can assess civil and criminal penalties as well as recover the cost of
cleanup at a later time in those instances when polluters are unable or unwilling to participate. In
1982, the New York State Superfund Act was passed, earmarking funds for State cleanup activities as
well as the 10 percent contribution from the State required under the Federal Superfund program.
Cleanup activities at inactive hazardous waste sites and nonhazardous waste landfills also are funded
by the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1986. State officials are required to facilitate public
participation in the decision-making process through a variety of means, including holding public
meetings, establishing document repositories, and performing mass mailings. The State Superfund
Management Board, charged with the oversight of the site cleanup program, includes environmental
group and citizen representation. Currently, 83 sites in the State of New York have been listed as final
on the NPL. One new site has been proposed for listing in 1992.
The New York Department of Environmental Conservation
implements the Superfund Program in the State of New York
Activities responsible for hazardous
waste contamination in the State of
New York include:
Landfills/
/%__! /•*_..:<:_..*:_.. i Recycling Salvage
SffrLirfmfnrf Operations Yards/Storage
Petroleum and •- ^^^^^ and DiSpOsal
Facilities
.^KO/.&i^v>M' .-' ,." ...' x X"N
Federal
Electroplating
Operations
Other
Manufacturing Operation
Facts about the 84 NPL sites
in New York:
Immediate Actions (such as removing
hazardous substances or restricting
site access) were performed at 55
sites.
Thirty-six sites endanger sensitive
environments.
Seventy-eight sites are located near
residential areas.
XVII
March 1992
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NEW YORK
Most Sites Have Multiple Contaminants and
Contaminated Media:
Media Contaminated at Sites
Ground-
water
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 SO 90 100
Percentage of Sites
The Potentially Responsible
Party Pays...
In the State of New York, potentially respon-
sible parties are paying for or conducting
cleanup activities at 52 sites.
Contaminants Found at Sites
Percentage of Sites
VOCs
Heavy Metals
PCBs
Creosotes
Pesticides/Herbicides
Petrochemicals/Explosives
Other*
Cyanide
Dioxin
Radiation
Plastics
Acids
Gases
89%
62%
27%
14%
11%
8%
6%
4%
4%
4%
4%
1%
1%
'Other contaminants include alkalis, boron,
chlorinated organics, furans, phosphorus, sulfates,
and tungsten.
For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous
Waste Programs in the State of New York Please Contact:
* EPA Region 2 Public Affairs
Branch
** National Response Center
^ The New York Department of
Environmental Conservation:
Division of Hazardous Waste
Remediation
* EPA Region 2 Emergency and
Remedial Response Division
® EPA Superf und Hotline
For information concerning
community involvement
To report a hazardous
waste emergency
For information about the
State's responsibility in the
Superfund Program
For Information about the
Regional Superfund Program
For information about the
Federal Superfund Program
(212)264-2515
(800) 424-8802
(518)457-5861
(212) 264-8672
(800) 424-9068
March 1992
XVIII
-------
THE NPL REPORT
PROGRESS TO DATE
The following Progress Report lists all
sites currently on, or deleted from, the
NPL and briefly summarizes the status of ac-
tivities for each site at the time this report was
prepared. The steps in the Superfund cleanup
process are arrayed across the top of the chart,
and each site's progress through these steps is
represented by an arrow (O) indicating the
current stage of cleanup.
Large and complex sites often are organized
into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to
address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and
surface water pollution, or to clean up differ-
ent areas of a large site. In such cases, the
chart portrays cleanup progress at the site's
most advanced stage, reflecting the status of
site activities rather than administrative ac-
complishments.
^> An arrow in the "Initial Response" cate-
gory indicates that an emergency
cleanup, immediate action, or initial ac-
tion has been completed or currently is
underway. Emergency or initial actions
are taken as an interim measure to pro-
vide immediate relief from exposure to
hazardous site conditions or to stabilize
a site to prevent further contamination.
^> A final arrow in the "Site Studies" cat-
egory indicates that an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site currently is on-
going or planned.
^ A final arrow in the "Remedy Selection"
category means that the EPA has se-
lected the final cleanup strategy for the
site. At the few sites where the EPA has
determined that initial response actions
have eliminated site contamination, or
that any remaining contamination will
be naturally dispersed without further
cleanup activities, a "No Action" rem-
edy has been selected. In these cases,
the arrows are discontinued at the
"Remedy Selection" step and resume in
the "Construction Complete" category.
O A final arrow at the "Remedial Design"
stage indicates that engineers currently
are designing the technical specifica-
tions for the selected cleanup remedies
and technologies.
^> A final arrow in the "Cleanup Ongoing"
column means that final cleanup actions
have been started at the site and cur-
rently are underway.
^ A final arrow in the "Construction Com-
plete" category is used only when all
phases of the site cleanup plan have
been performed, and the EPA has deter-
mined that no additional construction
actions are required at the site. Some
sites in this category currently may be
undergoing long-term operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure
that the cleanup actions continue to pro-
tect human health and the environment.
/ A check in the "Deleted" category indi-
cates that the site cleanup has met all
human health and environmental goals
and that the EPA has deleted the site
from the NPL.
Further information on the activities and
progress at each site is given in the site "Fact
Sheets" published in this volume.
XIX
-------
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ACTION ANODI
PLATING, AND
POLISHING C
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD072366453
REGION 2
Suffolk County
1 mile east of the
Nassau/Suffolk Co. line
Site Description
Action Anodizing, Plating, and Polishing Corp. (AAPP) is a 1-acre site located at 33 Dixon
Avenue in a residential area of Copiague. From 1938 to 1968, a commercial laundry facility
operated at the site. AAPP has been operating as a small industrial facility since 1968, and is
involved in acid anodizing aluminum parts for the electronics industry, cadmium plating,
chromate conversion coatings, metal dyeing, and vapor degreasing. Before 1980, AAPP
workers discharged process wastewater containing high concentrations of heavy metals into
underground leaching pits that had been previously used by the commercial laundry facility.
Under the direction and approval of the Suffolk County Department of Health Services, the
shop excavated the leaching pools and backfilled them with clean sand and gravel. AAPP
expanded its building over the location of the former leaching pits in 1985. Schools and a
hospital are located within a mile of the site. Public wells are the sole source of drinking
water in the area and approximately 1 million residents of Suffolk and Nassau Counties
obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. Amityville Creek, a small
tributary to Great South Bay, is 1/2 mile southeast of the facility. The upper reach of the
creek is designated as a freshwater wetland.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The sediment of the on-site leaching pool system contained heavy metals, including
chromium, iron, and zinc. Surface soil from a suspected spillage area contained
chromium and cadmium. As of early 1991, the three public water supply wells
within a mile of the site were clean of contaminants. However, the water table is
at about 14 feet below the surface, so exposure could have occurred if
groundwater became contaminated and seeped into adjacent basements or if soil
vapors entered the residences. The freshwater wetland that could have been
contaminated was not affected by site pollutants.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
Intensive investigations of site conditions showed that the site does not pose a threat to
people or the environment.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1992, the EPA completed an intensive study of pollution problems
at and around the AAPP property. This investigation explored the nature and
extent of contamination and included sampling of groundwater, surface soils, and
subsurface soils for metals and organic compounds. Based on the results of the investigation,
which showed that there was no threat to people and the environment from the site, the
EPA has determined that no further actions are needed. The low levels of contamination
originally found at the site have dispersed through the natural process of dilution over time.
Groundwater monitoring will continue for one year. If the contamination levels remain within
safety levels, the EPA will begin deleting the site from the NPL.
Environmental Progress
Investigations conducted by the EPA have resulted in the decision to continue groundwater
monitoring for one year. If no contamination has been detected at that time the EPA will
begin deleting the Action Anodizing, Plating and Polishing Corp. site from the NPL.
Site Repository
Babylon Town Hall, 200 East Sunrise Highway, Lindenhurst, NY 11757
March 1992
ACTION ANODIZING, PLATING,
AND POLISHING CORP.
-------
AMERICAN
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD002066330
Site Description
From 1954 to 1985, American Thermostat Co. built thermostats for small appliances at this
8-acre site in South Cairo. Located in the Catskill Creek Valley, the site and much of the
nearby community are bordered by Routes 23 and 23B. The company was the only
manufacturer in the vicinity, which is a popular tourist and residential area. In 1981, the New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation discovered that American
Thermostat Co. employees were improperly disposing of chemicals at the site. The State
learned that workers had been pouring waste organic solvents down drains attached to an
abandoned septic system for a number of years. Solvents and sludges also had been dumped
on the parking lot. State health personnel tested wells in the vicinity of the site in the spring
of 1981 and found six to be contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) including tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The State health
department advised affected residents not to drink or cook with their well water. By late
1982, the American Thermostat Co. had installed carbon filters on its own well and on those
of four affected homes. The home located next to the plant was hooked up to the company's
water supply. The company ceased operations in 1985 and filed involuntary bankruptcy
without completely fulfilling an agreement with the State to conduct site cleanup.
Approximately 5,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, primarily in low-density
residential areas. All homes within 1/2 mile of the site use private wells. Catskill Creek, less
than 1/4 mile east of the site, is classified as a trout stream and has considerable recreational
value to local and visiting fishermen.
o-x i-> -u-r* ™_- • • u • ^ j u u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Groundwater and drinking water in the site vicinity are contaminated with VOCs,
including PCE and TCE. An estimated 26,000 square feet of soil at the site are
contaminated with TCE and PCE to a depth of approximately 7 feet. In the early
1980s, TCE and PCE were detected in two tributaries to Catskill Creek, but the
creek itself showed no contamination. Adverse public health effects may occur
from ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, or
materials inside the building.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on provision of a new water supply and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under State orders, the owners agreed to clean up the site
and its surroundings; to provide, monitor, and maintain carbon filtration systems
for five affected wells; and to supply bottled water for consumption by the
affected residents. However, when the company went out of business in May 1985, it stopped
providing bottled water and abandoned the maintenance of carbon filtration systems at the
affected homes. The State requested that the EPA sample other drinking wells near the site;
provide bottled water and carbon filtration systems where necessary; and take over the
maintenance of the water treatment systems at the originally affected homes. In addition to
these actions, the EPA installed three air stripping systems at the site. The stripping systems
have treated over 10 million gallons of contaminated groundwater to date. A system of seven
extraction and reinjection wells and a soil vacuum extraction system were installed at the site
in 1989 for the purpose of accelerating the treatment of the groundwater.
Water Supply: In early 1988, the EPA selected a remedy that would assure a
clean water supply to residents near the site. It includes extending the existing
Catskill water district pipeline to the affected and potentially affected areas. The
EPA completed the engineering design for this remedy in 1991. Construction of the water
pipeline began in the fall of 1991, and is expected to be completed in late 1992.
Entire Site: The EPA completed an intensive study of the sources of site
contamination in 1990. Based on the results of this investigation, the EPA
selected actions to clean up the site including low-temperature treatment of the
contaminated soil, air stripping and carbon adsorption for treatment of the groundwater and
surface water, and decontamination of the building located on the site. The engineering
design for the decontamination of the building was completed in the fall of 1992. The design
and plan for the soil and groundwater treatment remedies are expected to be completed in
the summer of 1992.
Environmental Progress
Construction of the pipeline to provide the alternative water supply and designs for the
groundwater and soil cleanup methods are underway at the American Thermostat Co. site.
Bottled water and carbon treatment systems currently are being provided to those needing it,
reducing the potential for exposure to site contaminants until final cleanup actions can be
completed. The on-site air stripping systems and the vacuum extraction systems continue to
reduce the levels of contamination in the groundwater and soil.
March 1992 4 AMERICAN THERMOSTAT CO.
-------
Site Repository
Catskill Town Office, 439 Main Street, Catskill, NY 12414
AMERICAN THERMOSTAT CO.
March 1992
-------
ANCHOR CHEMI
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD001485226
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Nassau County
Hicksville, near Cantiaque Park
Anchor Chemicals, later known as Anchor-Lith Kem Ko, operated on this 1 1/2-acre site in
Hicksville from 1964 to 1984. The company blended and packed chemicals for the graphic
arts industry. A construction company is now using the building as a warehouse. While
Anchor Chemicals was in business, workers stored chemicals above and below the ground; 17
underground storage tanks ranging in capacity from 550 to 4,000 gallons lie beneath the
concrete floor of the building. Between mid-1981 and early 1983, six leaking underground
tanks were taken out of service. The company installed three monitoring wells in 1982. These
revealed that subsurface soil and groundwater were contaminated with chlorinated organics.
From 1982 to 1987, the party potentially responsible for the site contamination conducted
groundwater monitoring. Contamination appears to be limited to the subsurface environment.
The area surrounding the site is residential, and the Cantiaque Park and golf course are
located 100 yards north of the site. Approximately 90,000 people within 3 miles of the site
draw their drinking water from municipal and private wells. Groundwater also is used for
irrigation and industrial processes. Approximately 12,000 people live within a mile of the
facility; 11 schools are situated within 1 1/2 miles.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and subsurface soils on site are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The only likely route of exposure to contaminants is through
the contaminated groundwater. Public water is available to everyone in the area.
Furthermore, contaminated groundwater is a potential threat to the water supply
wells of the Westbury, Hicksville, and Bowling Green water districts, which are all
located less than 6,500 feet southwest of the site.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two phases: an immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: Anchor Chemicals was fenced to prevent trespassers from
accessing the site and being exposed to hazardous wastes.
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for contamination at the site signed
an Administrative Order on Consent to perform a study of the site in June 1989.
This investigation, which began later in 1989, is mapping out the nature and extent
of the contamination and will recommend the best strategies for final cleanup. The
investigation is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent, issued by the EPA, was signed by Anchor
Chemicals in mid-1989. This Order requires the potentially responsible party to conduct
investigations of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Anchor Chemicals site to the NPL, the EPA determined, after an initial
evaluation, that the site does not currently pose an immediate threat to the surrounding
community or the environment while investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup
remedy are taking place.
Site Repository
Hicksville Public Library, 169 Jersusalem Avenue, Hicksville, NY 11801
ANCHOR CHEMICALS
March 1992
-------
APPLIED rff \ru EPA REGION 2
[ v \ ^\ Nassau County
ENVIRONMENTAL YVA Genwood Landng
SERVICES
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980535652
Site Description
Other Names:
Philips Petroleum Co.
Applied Environmental Services recovered fuels from hazardous wastes at this 4-acre site in
Glenwood Landing from 1980 to 1983. The property contains two 1-story buildings, seven
underground tanks, and 11 aboveground tanks, seven of which are 15 feet above-grade on an
earthen wall. Although all the liquid chemicals stored in the tanks have been removed from
the site, spills, leaks, or other activities have left on-site soil, groundwater, and surface waters
contaminated. The current owner of the site, Shore Realty, purchased the property in 1983
and evicted Applied Environmental Services in January 1984. The site has been inactive since;
it is fenced and access is controlled. Before 1980, the site was leased and operated by a
petrochemical company. Several spills occurred during its tenure, including about 3,000
gallons of the volatile organic compound (VOC) toluene from an overturned tank trailer. The
site is on the north shore of Long Island; it slopes down to Hempstead Harbor on the west
and Mott Cove on the south. A fuel oil distributor, power plant, and public boat landing lie
to the north, and there is a private yacht club to the east. During past site inspections, the
State and the EPA observed leaking barrels, tanks of solvents, and an oil sheen in Mott
Cove. In 1985 and 1988, leachate was discharging into Hempstead Harbor from the bulkhead.
Approximately 7,600 people live within a mile of the site. Homes lie 500 feet to the south,
800 feet to the north, and 1,500 feet to the west of the site. An estimated 20,000 people
within 3 miles of the site use groundwater as a drinking water source. There are three public
water supplies in the area, all of which are being monitored and are free of site-related
contaminants.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
On-site monitoring wells revealed contamination from VOCs including xylene and
toluene in the groundwater. Sediments are contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) and VOCs. On-site soils also are contaminated with VOCs.
People on site could be exposed to contaminants by accidentally ingesting soils or
drinking contaminated groundwater. If chemicals move off site, users of the
surrounding properties and the fishing and swimming areas could be threatened.
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focused on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: After toluene began seeping into Hempstead Harbor,
Applied Environmental Services installed a trench that recovers an average of 500
gallons of organic chemicals each month. The current site owner removed some
of the drums from the site in 1984 and funded the further removal of 218 drums in 1985; the
State supervised these activities. In October 1985, the State began to remove about 600,000
gallons of wastes from the on-site tanks. The work was completed a year later.
Entire Site: In 1987, under State supervision, the current owner began an
intensive study of pollution at the site. As a result of the investigation,
recommendations were made for cleanup strategies. The recommendations were
made available for public comment in spring 1991 and the EPA selected the final cleanup
remedy later that year. The remedy calls for soil vapor extraction to treat contaminated soil,
pumping contaminated groundwater and treating it by air stripping, and bioremediation. An
engineering design for the cleanup technologies is expected to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: An Administrative Consent Order was signed in October 1987 for the current
site owner to conduct a study into the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The drum removal activities, fencing, and liquid waste collection efforts have reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Applied Environmental Services site
while awaiting design of the final cleanup remedy.
Site Repository
Sea Cliff Village Library, Sea Cliff and Central Avenues, Sea Cliff, NY 11579
APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 9 March 1992
-------
BATAVIA
LANDFILL
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980507693
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Genesee County
Near Batavia
From the 1960s until 1980, several operations dumped industrial wastes at the 35-acre
Batavia Landfill, which is now inactive. Drummed and undrummed wastes disposed of at the
site include heavy metal sludges, oils, and organic solvents. A protected wetland, Galloway
Swamp, borders the site on the north and east. Liquids have been seen seeping from the
landfill into the swamp, which now contains heavy metals. Residential wells to the immediate
south of the site currently contain levels of 1,1,1 -trichloroethane (TCA), a hazardous
constituent, at levels which in some cases, exceed New York State drinking water standards.
The surrounding area is rural; 200 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. The
underlying aquifer supplies drinking water to approximately 6,500 people living within a 3-mile
radius of the site. A total of 1,000 private and public wells serve the population within 3 miles
of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with lead and other metals, phenols, TCA,
and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Samples from off-site drinking wells
show elevated iron and VOC levels. Sediment and surface water samples from the
Galloway Swamp contain the heavy metals barium and lead. Drinking
contaminated groundwater may pose a threat to human health. Wildlife that
inhabits the swamp also may suffer ill effects from surface water contamination.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
10
March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA began an intensive study of water pollution at the site in
March 1984; the parties potentially responsible for contamination assumed
responsibility for continuing the work in August 1984. Under EPA monitoring,
these parties are exploring the nature and extent of groundwater and surface water pollution
at the site and will recommend the best strategies for final cleanup. In 1989, the parties
submitted the study report to the EPA. Based on the EPA's review, additional field studies
were performed in 1990, and the EPA currently is reviewing the revised report. After the
review is completed, and the report is finalized, the EPA will review the cleanup alternatives
and select the final remedy for the site.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent was signed and became effective in August
1984 for the potentially responsible parties to conduct a study of contamination at the site,
under EPA supervision.
Environmental Progress
After listing the Batavia Landfill site on the NPL, the EPA determined that no immediate
actions are necessary while the investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup
remedy are underway.
Site Repository
Richmond Library, 19 Ross Street, Batavia, NY 14202
BATAVIA LANDFILL
11
March 1992
-------
BEC TRUCKIN
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980768675
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Broome County
Vestal
This 3 1/2-acre site on Stewart Road in Vestal was used by BEC Trucking as a truck body
manufacturing operation. Truck body fabrication, painting, and vehicle maintenance
operations generated hazardous wastes. The operators stored these materials on the site. In
1982, alerted by municipal officials, the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation found about 50 improperly stored drums. The drums contained waste motor oil,
metal cutting oil, paint thinners, solvents, methanol, toluene, and petroleum distillates.
Investigators also saw stained soil where spills had occurred. In 1983, COGS, Inc. purchased
the property, removed the improperly stored drums, and placed stained soil into additional
drums, which remained on site until the EPA removed them. The property currently is being
used to store construction materials. The area around the site is primarily commercial and
industrial. It is bordered by Stewart Road to the south, industrial properties to the east and
north, and the Stewart Trailer Park and wetlands to the west. Prior to the mid-1960s, the site
itself was unimproved marshland. The company that was to become BEC Trucking filled the
marshland with various materials, including fly ash from a local power company, to raise the
ground level. Approximately 3,000 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. Residences
around the site, including those in the trailer park, have been hooked up to the public water
system. Three other hazardous waste sites listed on the NPL are located within a mile of the
BEC Trucking site, which complicates analysis of pollution problems in the area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
IT
An EPA investigation in 1988 detected low levels of the volatile organic compound
(VOC) benzene and the heavy metal arsenic in the groundwater. Sediments and
surface soils contain low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The
results of the risk assessment performed during intensive study of the site revealed
minimal risk to human health.
12
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed through immediate actions; further investigations showed that no
other cleanup actions are required.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1990, the EPA excavated and disposed of 15 drums of
hazardous waste and several other empty drums that were found on site. The
drums were disposed of in an EPA-approved facility.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA determined that no further actions were necessary
at the site. The concentrations of PAHs in the surface soil are within federal
safety limits. Furthermore, these chemicals will undergo natural biological
breakdown over time, thus reducing the low-level contamination even further. The EPA is
undertaking a monitoring program for groundwater, surface water, and sediments that will
ensure the protection of human and environmental health. The site was added to the NPL
because of potential lead contamination in the groundwater, but investigations did not yield
any evidence of such contamination. Groundwater monitoring activities started in 1990.
In late 1991, groundwater, surface water, and sediment samples were collected from the site
as part of the monitoring program. Analytical results determined that there was no migration
of contaminants into the wetlands to the west of the site.
Environmental Progress
Removal of drums eliminated a potential source of contamination. Intensive investigation of
the conditions at the EEC Trucking site has shown that the levels of contaminants in the
groundwater, surface water, and sediments are within the accepted State and Federal safety
guidelines. Therefore, there are no site-wide cleanup actions required at the site. The EPA is
closely monitoring the site to ensure that the site remains safe to the public and the
environment.
Site Repository
Vestal Public Library, 320 Vestal Parkway, East, Vestal, NY 13850
BEG TRUCKING
13
March 1992
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in the Hamlet of Bohemia
BIOCLINICAL _^-^fPA REGION 2
K^---^•:. 0 ,. *~^O>'Y Suffolk County
LABORATORlEi /^L^^^TrV-A On Smithtown Avenue
INC.
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980768683
Site Description
The 3,000-square-foot BioClinical Laboratories site on Smithtown Avenue in Bohemia is a
rental unit within a 10-unit, single-story building. BioClinical Labs formulated, mixed,
repackaged, and distributed chemicals from 1978 to 1981. Operators stored drums of
hazardous wastes on site, some of which leaked. When washing chemically contaminated
containers for reuse, workers routinely poured rinse water directly onto the ground or
discharged it to sinks, a septic tank/distribution pool, and storm drains. Analysts sampled
these structures when citizen concerns prompted an investigation by the County in 1981. They
discovered a range of organic contaminants, including solvents. In July 1981, a fire at the site
destroyed much of the firm's inventory. BioClinical Labs reincorporated its operations at
another location in Bohemia, and the old site is now occupied by another company. In
November 1981, the County sampled three private drinking wells about 1/4 mile south of the
site and detected chloroform in them. According to a 1984 State investigation, the site may
have contributed to the contamination by chloroform and other volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in the area soil and groundwater. The site lies in an industrial setting in a major
suburban area of Long Island. Municipal and private wells downgradient of the site serve
10,000 residents. The Suffolk County Water Authority currently draws water from an
uncontaminated aquifer. A nearby public water supply, the Church Street well field, is also
uncontaminated. MacArthur Airport is located about 1/2 mile north of the site. The
population within 1 mile is 1,600, and 26,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.
Rattlesnake Brook, which is used for recreation, is within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal actions.
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The on-site groundwater contained VOCs including chloroform and methylene
chloride and heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and chromium. Soil also was
contaminated with VOCs. All threats to public health and the environment have
been eliminated.
14 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed through initial actions; further investigations have shown that no
other cleanup actions are necessary.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In accordance with a 1981 Consent Order, BioClinical Labs
removed all chemicals and pumped and treated the contaminated wastewater
from the septic system. On-site monitoring wells were installed by the EPA. The
Suffolk County Department of Health Services instructed the owner of the property to have
the septic tanks cleaned of contaminants. Analysis of constituents in the septic tanks in late
1991 revealed no contamination in the eastern septic tank and partial contamination of the
western septic system. In 1992, the owner completed cleanup of the western septic system.
Entire Site: In 1992, the EPA completed an intensive study of contamination at
the site. This investigation explored the nature and extent of pollution problems.
Based on the results of the investigation, the EPA has determined that no further
cleanup measures are needed at the site. The initial actions taken by the potentially
responsible parties to address the source have reduced contamination to within safety levels.
Site Facts: In November 1981, the County issued a Consent Order requiring Bioclinical
Labs to remove all fire-damaged containers from the site and to have all industrial wastes
removed from the sanitary drain and septic system.
Environmental Progress
The removal of chemicals and the treatment of the wastewater have eliminated the threat of
exposure to contaminated materials at the BioClinical Laboratories, Inc. site. As a result of
these cleanup activities, the EPA has determined that no further cleanup is needed.
Site Repository
Connetquot Public Library, 760 Ocean Avenue, Bohemia, NY 11716
BIOCLINICAL LABORATORIES, INC.
15
March 1992
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BREWSTER W
FIELD
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980652275
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Putnam County
Village of Brewster
The Brewster Well Field site consists of the area beneath and around the public well field
from which Brewster draws its water supplies. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), primarily
tetrachloroethylene (PCE), were discovered in the water distribution system in 1978. The
source of the contamination was traced to a dry cleaning establishment that has been in
operation since 1958. Operators disposed of dry cleaning wastes in a dry well adjacent to the
site until 1983. Subsequent testing revealed a large plume of groundwater contamination.
Between 1978 and 1984, Brewster used several drilling, blending, and pumping strategies to
keep contaminant levels low. In 1984, the Village, in association with the EPA's Office of
Research and Development, installed a packed-column air stripping unit to evaporate the
volatile groundwater contaminants and to provide safe drinking water. Aquifers at this site
provide drinking water for approximately 2,000 area residents. The nearby East Branch
Croton River is a significant brown trout fishery and, in combination with two other nearby
streams, is a part of the Croton System contributing to New York City's water supply. A
water intake lies 12 miles downstream of the site. Woods and wetlands surround the well
heads, pump houses, and access roads, and the wetlands connect directly with the East
Branch Croton River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and local actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs, including PCE and vinyl
chloride. River water and sediments also contain VOCs, but at much lower
concentrations. Since the water supply at the public well field is currently being
cleaned to drinking water standards, the health threat is reduced. However, surface
water needs continued monitoring to ensure that there are no ill effects on river
life.
16
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and controlling the source of contamination.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: An air-stripping unit was installed at the site to treat the
contaminated groundwater to ensure safe drinking water supplies to local
residents.
Groundwater: The State began studying the site in early 1984. On the basis of
results from the State's study, the EPA selected a remedy for this site in 1986 that
included continuing to operate the existing air stripping system at the well field,
and designing and building a groundwater management system that will contain the plume of
contamination and restore groundwater quality in the vicinity of the site. The groundwater
management system will extract water from wells, treat it with another off-site air stripper,
and reinject the treated water into the ground. The EPA began cleanup activities in support
of this remedy in 1987. The installation of the groundwater management system has been
completed and start-up activities are underway. The system is expected to be in operation by
mid-1992.
Source Control: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy for cleaning up the source
of the groundwater contamination that included excavating about 100 cubic yards
of dry well sediments, sludge, and soil contaminated with VOCs in the dry well
located outside of the dry cleaners; incinerating and disposing of these materials off site;
removing the concrete dry well structure from outside the dry cleaners; and decontaminating
the dry well structure and debris and disposing of them off site. The EPA began cleanup
activities in 1989 and these activities were completed in late 1991. All waste
treatment/disposal was done at an EPA-approved hazardous waste facility.
Environmental Progress
Cleanup of the source of contamination has reduced the potential for continued
contamination of the drinking water supplies while ongoing operation of the groundwater
treatment and management system will further eliminate the health risks associated with the
contaminants already present in the groundwater.
Site Repository
Brewster Public Library, 79 Main Street, Brewster, NY 10509
BREWSTER WELL FIELD
17
March 1992
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BROOKHAVE
NATIONAL
LABORATOR
(USDOE)
NEW YORK
EPA ID#NY7890008975
EPA REGION 2
Suffolk County
Upton
Other Names:
BNL
Site Description
The Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) site is a research and development facility
covering 5,265 acres in Upton, at the center of Long Island. Much of the area is wooded,
although commercial and residential development is underway. The Army used the site as
Camp Upton during World Wars I and II. Since 1947, Associated Universities, Inc. has
operated BNL here, under contract first to the Atomic Energy Commission and now to the
U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE). BNL designs, builds, and runs high-tech installations
for scientific research, such as particle accelerators and nuclear reactors. Most of its main
facilities lie near the center of the site. Outlying facilities cover about 550 acres and include
the hazardous waste management facility (HWMF), an active landfill, a former landfill and
chemical holes area, a sewage treatment plant, and a former ash fill area near an old
incinerator. Accidental contamination has occurred in a building sump, the central steam
facility, and the HWMF. Soil in several small areas contains low levels of radioactivity from
past landscaping activities. In 1960, workers pumped about 5 curies of radioactive slurry into a
drinking water well near the HWMF instead of into the fill pipe of a nearby underground
tank. Workers deposited 3 tons of wastes each day in the former landfill, which closed in
1966. A small percentage of the wastes were hazardous or radioactive and included
laboratory debris, equipment, clothing, animal carcasses, and sanitary wastes. Sewage sludge
was disposed of periodically. The current landfill began operating in 1967, accepting garbage,
other solid waste, and building materials. Limited quantities of low-level radioactive materials
were accepted until 1978. At the HWMF, drum rinsing and spills of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) contaminated some groundwater. Monitoring indicates that the leading
edge of this plume remains well within the site. Approximately 15,500 people draw drinking
water from BNL wells and from Suffolk County Water Authority wells within 3 miles of BNL.
Fifteen thousand feet upgradient of the former landfill lies a freshwater wetland, which forms
the headwaters of the Peconic River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
18
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soil are contaminated with VOCs, radioactive materials
including strontium-90 and tritium, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Contaminated wells have been closed, reducing
the potential for drinking polluted water. On-site wetlands are upstream from the
landfill and, therefore, probably are not threatened by the contaminants.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Air spray aeration treatment, which consisted of pumping the
groundwater and evaporating the volatile contaminants in air to mitigate off-site
migration of groundwater contamination, had been halted due to air safety issues.
This treatment was resumed in late 1991 and is being monitored carefully. Certain cesspools
and storage tanks will be removed selectively in the future. PCB contaminated soils are being
removed to an EPA designated treatment facility.
Entire Site: The USDOE has studied the BNL facility and has identified 24 areas
of concern which will be addressed in a variety of cleanup phases. The study will
be incorporated into an investigation that will explore the nature and extent of the
site's pollution problems and will recommend the best strategies for final cleanup. A schedule
for further studies and site cleanup has been established under the Interagency Agreement
signed between the EPA, the USDOE, and the State of New York. Remedies for the
different areas of concern are expected to be selected during the period of 1994 through
1997.
Site Facts: In 1992, the USDOE, the EPA, and the State of New York negotiated and
signed an Interagency Agreement (IAG) to incorporate ongoing investigations currently being
performed by the USDOE into the cleanup plan.
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL 19 March 1992
LABORATORY (USDOE)
-------
Environmental Progress
Ongoing actions, including the air spray aeration treatment project and the removal of PCB-
contaminated soils are reducing the threat for exposure to hazardous materials while
investigations into final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Brookhaven National Laboratory Research Library, Technical Information Division,
Building 477A, Upton, NY 11973
March 1992
20
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL
LABORATORY (USDOE)
-------
BYRON BARREL
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1984, EPA emergency workers removed more than 200
drums and 40 cubic yards of contaminated soils and debris from the site and
disposed of them at a federally-regulated hazardous waste disposal facility. They
also installed a monitoring well, sampled soils, and tested nearby private wells. In 1990, during
an EPA site inspection, 10 additional drums were found and disposed of.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy for this site that features both
soil and groundwater cleanup including: flushing contaminants from the
subsurface soil while leaving it in place; and evaporating volatile groundwater
contaminants by air stripping and then decontaminating the vapors with activated carbon. The
potentially responsible parties submitted a preliminary engineering design to the EPA for
review in 1990. A final engineering design is expected to be submitted to the EPA in late
1992. Cleanup activities at the site are scheduled to begin in late 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA issued an Administrative Order in 1984, requiring the property owner
to take immediate corrective actions to clean up the site. The owner did not comply with the
order. In 1989, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order in which the potentially
responsible parties were compelled to develop the engineering design and clean up the site
under EPA supervision.
Environmental Progress
The emergency drum and soil removal actions described above have reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous substances at the Byron Barrel and Drum site while the design of the
final cleanup activities continue.
Site Repository
Gillam-Grant Library, 6966 West Bergen Road, Bergen, NY 14416
March 1992 22 BYRON BARREL AND DRUM
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C&J DISPOSE
LEASING CO.
NEW YORK
EPAID#NYD981561954
Site Description
Although the 1/10-acre C&J Disposal site was never licensed as a landfill for waste disposal
purposes, C&J Leasing began using the abandoned railway bed adjacent to its property as
an access road and, subsequently, dumped drums of lead-based paints and other liquid wastes
directly onto the ground on State-owned land. The amount of material disposed of during the
1970s is unknown. During 1976, the company also disposed of between 75 and 100 drums at
the site, which were observed lying in a pool of stagnant waste in a trench. The trench was
subsequently covered with clean fill, and it is believed that the drums were buried in the
process. The property owner, C&J Leasing, excavated some of the waste in 1989 without
authorization. Some or all of the drums may have been removed at this time and disposed of
off site. Approximately 3,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and depend on private
wells for drinking water. Twelve residences are within the 1,800 feet of the site and are also
served by private wells. The surrounding area is rural. The site drains to a wetland that
ultimately discharges to Woodman Pond, located 3,000 feet south of the site. Woodman
Pond, which provided drinking water to an estimated 3,800 people in the Village of Hamilton
until 1989, now serves as the backup water supply for the Village.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Soils in the disposal trench are contaminated with a variety of hazardous organic
compounds and lead. Surficial soil samples collected at the site contain similar
chemicals, and sediments from a pond downstream of the dump area are
contaminated to a minor degree with similar materials. The contaminants are
currently bound in the waste matrix and/or to the site soils, but at any time could
be released into the groundwater or migrate off-site in surface water runoff.
Potential health threats include direct contact with or ingestion of contaminated
groundwater and eating fish or other aquatic life that could be contaminated. If
contaminants migrate to the agricultural area adjacent to the site, there may be a
risk associated with eating foods grown there. Drainage of chemicals from the
disposal area threatens Woodman Pond and State-designed wetlands, including an
adjacent ecological preserve known as Fiddler's Green.
23 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In late 1990, the EPA upgraded site security measures at
this site and conducted additional sampling.
Entire Site: The EPA completed an investigation of the site in early 1991. The
remedy selected includes removal and off-site disposal of contaminated soil and
debris at an EPA-approved landfill. One of the potentially responsible parties has
agreed to conduct cleanup operations and re-sampled the site in early 1992. The design and
specifications of the cleanup technology began in 1991. Quarterly monitoring of groundwater
at the site and monitoring of local residential wells will be conducted for one year following
excavation and removal of the contaminants.
Site Facts: The EPA issued an Administrative Order in May 1989 to prevent further
unauthorized excavation at the site by the potentially responsible parties. In 1991, one
potentially responsible party signed a Consent Decree to reimburse the EPA for its past
expenditures. A Unilateral Order was also issued in 1991 to the same potentially responsible
party. The Unilateral Order required them to undertake the design and construction of the
selected remedy. The potentially responsible party is complying with the order.
Environmental Progress
Upgrading site security has limited the potential for local residents and the environment to be
exposed to contaminants while the cleanup is planned and conducted for the C&J Disposal
site.
Site Repository
Hamilton Library, 13 Broad Street, Hamilton, NY 13346
March 1992
24
C&J DISPOSAL LEASING CO. DUMP
-------
CARROLL AND
DUBIES
SEWAGE DIS
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD010968014
EPA REGION 2
Orange County
1 mile northeast of Port Jervis
Site Description
The Carroll and Dubies Sewage Disposal site is made up of several active and inactive
lagoons used for disposal of various wastes since the 1960s. Until 1979, waste from two
nearby cosmetic manufacturers was deposited into unlined lagoons. Septic tank waste also
was accepted at the site. The inactive lagoons have been filled, covered, and graded. The two
open inactive lagoons are fenced. Piles of deteriorating debris and abandoned motor vehicles
were removed from the site. Approximately 2,000 residents live within a mile of the site. The
nearest homes are about 1/4 mile southeast of the site. A steep slope, woods, open areas, and
the Port Jervis Municipal Landfill surround the facility. The City of Port Jervis is supplied
with water from several reservoirs more than a mile upstream from the site. Homes near the
site rely on private wells. Approximately 1,500 feet to the east of the site is Cold Creek,
which lies between the site and the Neversink River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including lead, as well as
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Lagoon liquids and sediments contain heavy
metals including cadmium, copper, lead, and nickel; VOCs; and a plastics
by-product, phthalates. Potential threats to human health include drinking
contaminated groundwater, accidentally ingesting or touching contaminated lagoon
liquids or lagoon sediments, and inhaling vapors from the active lagoon.
25
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA began an investigation into the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site in 1989, which was taken over by potentially responsible
parties in 1990. The investigation will define the contaminants and will recommend
alternatives for the final cleanup. This investigation is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA and two parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
entered into an Administrative Order on Consent requiring the parties to conduct a study
into the nature and extent of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Carroll and Dubies Sewage
Disposal site while further investigations are conducted, which will lead to the selection of
final cleanup activities.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
26
CARROLL AND DUBIES SEWAGE DISPOSAL
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CIRCUITRON
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD981 184229
Site Description
Circuitron Corporation manufactured circuit boards on this 1-acre site from 1981 to 1986.
The site is in a densely populated industrial and commercial area of Long Island. The
property is owned by 82 Milbar Boulevard Corporation. Circuitron was a subsidiary of FEE
Industries, which ADI Electronics, Inc. bought in 1984. The circuit board process at the
facility included drilling, screening, plating, and scrubbing processes, all of which generated
chemical wastes. Wastes were reportedly placed in aboveground and underground tanks and
storm drains. Thousands of gallons of plating wastes were discharged to an underground
leaching pool that was licensed under the State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(SPDES) and to an unauthorized leaching pool beneath the floor of the plating room. In
1986, the company vacated the facility. In 1987, the EPA found potentially explosive
conditions at the site. Over 100 drums, most unmarked, were left throughout the building.
Incompatible and reactive wastes were not segregated. Some drums were marked sulfuric
acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and caustic soda. Other smaller containers were
scattered outside. Six concrete holding tanks containing unknown materials were below the
floor and three aboveground storage tanks were behind the building. An important source of
water for residents and industry lies under the site. Located within 3 miles of the site is a
residential community of approximately 215,000 people; approximately 1,200 people live
within 1 mile. Fifteen municipal wells serving local residents are also located within 3 miles of
the site and serve 88,000 people. The nearest well is located within 1,306 feet of the site and
is in the path of the groundwater flow. A shallow well, which could be used for drinking
water, has been closed since 1978 due to contamination.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
The groundwater, soils, and sediments in the leaching pools are contaminated with
heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This site is a potential
health concern because of the possibility of exposure to hazardous substances
through accidental ingestion or touching of contaminated groundwater, soils, or
sediments.
27 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of soil, sediments, and building dust and cleanup of the
groundwater.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1987, the EPA initiated an emergency removal of some
of the more than 100 chemical containers and storage tanks on site. In 1988, the
EPA conducted another emergency cleanup action that included sampling and
removing the approximately 20 drums, three aboveground tanks, seven underground storage
tanks, two below-surface treatment basins, and several leaching basins still on site. The
cleanup action involved consolidating the various waste streams, removing the tanks located
at the rear of the property, and removing contaminated debris inside the building. In the end,
100 cubic yards of contaminated soil and debris, 50 drums of hazardous liquid, and an
additional 2,000 to 3,000 gallons of tanked hazardous liquids were removed and properly
disposed of off site.
Soil, Sediments, and Building Dust: An investigation of the site was
completed in early 1991. The EPA selected a remedy in spring 1991 to address
contamination in the soil, sediments, and building dust. The remedy includes
excavating the contaminated sediments from the leaching pools, cesspools, and storm drains
and treating and disposing of them off site. Dust from the building also will be removed,
treated, and disposed of off site. Contaminated soils will be treated by in-place vapor
extraction. This process involves placing a cover over the soil and applying a vacuum, which
pulls VOCs out of the spaces between soil particles. The design of the remedy began in 1991
and is expected to be completed by 1993.
Groundwater: An investigation to determine the nature and extent of the
contamination in the groundwater began in early 1992. Once the investigation is
completed, the EPA will evaluate the study findings and select a final remedy for
groundwater contamination.
Environmental Progress
The emergency actions taken to remove hazardous materials have eliminated the potentially
explosive conditions and have reduced the potential for exposure to contamination at the
Circuitron Corporation site. The remedy selected to clean up the soil, sediments, and building
dust will further reduce the potential for exposure to contamination at the site and minimize
additional contamination of the groundwater while studies leading to the selection of final
groundwater cleanup remedies are taking place.
March 1992 28 CIRCUITRON CORPORATION
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Site Repository
Farmingdale Public Library, Main and Conklin Streets, Farmingdale, NY 11735
CIRCUITRON CORPORATION 29 March 1992
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CLAREMONT
POLYCHEMICAL
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD002044584
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Nassau County
Old Bethpage
Claremont Polychemical, situated on an approximately 9 1/2-acre site, is a former
manufacturer of pigments for plastics and inks that operated from 1966 to 1980. During its
operation, Claremont Polychemical Corporation disposed of liquid wastes in three leaching
basins and deposited solid wastes and treatment sludges in drums or in old, aboveground
metal tanks. During a series of inspections in 1979, the Nassau County Department of Health
(NCDH) found 2,000 to 3,000 drums containing inks, resins, and organic solvents throughout
the site. Some of the drums were uncovered, while others reportedly were leaking or lying on
their sides. NCDH inspectors noted that an area east of the building was contaminated with
organic solvents that resulted from spills and discharges. Claremont sorted and removed the
drums from the site in 1980. A subsequent investigation by NCDH revealed most of the
drums were gone, but an area of soil, referred to as the "spill area", was visibly contaminated
with inks and solvents. As a result, Claremont was directed to install groundwater monitoring
wells. Since Claremont declared bankruptcy in 1980, ownership of the site and management
of cleanup activities shifted to the New York Bankruptcy Court. The closest residences are
located approximately 1/2 mile from the site. Approximately 47,000 people draw drinking
water from wells located within 3 miles of the site. The nearest public water supply well is
3,500 feet northwest of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
30
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
On-site soils contaminated with tetrachloroethene (PCE), located in the former
"spill area", constitute a potential threat to groundwater resources. Fifteen
underground tanks holding liquid and sludge wastes containing several organic
compounds were present at the site. Contents of the tanks were dominated by
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene and xylenes. Widespread
concentrations of heavy metals including copper and zinc are present in dust
accumulated throughout the process building. Shallow groundwater is contaminated
with VOCs including PCE, benzene, xylenes, and vinyl chloride. Heavy metals
detected in groundwater include arsenic, chromium, lead, and manganese.
Residents could be exposed to contaminants while drinking or touching affected
water should the contaminants move into the public drinking water system. A
considerable amount of trespassing and vandalism has occurred at the site in the
past, possibly exposing trespassers to contaminants by direct contact. Currently, the
site is fenced, and access to the site is restricted to EPA-authorized personnel.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on the removal and disposal of hazardous materials and on soil and
groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA removed 13,000 gallons of hazardous liquid
wastes contained in drums, aboveground tanks, basins, and other areas. Additional
fencing was installed at the site from 1988 to 1991, and a security guard was
posted at the facility in order to avoid vandalism and unauthorized entry.
Removal and Disposal of Hazardous Materials: The cleanup strategies
chosen by the EPA included: compatibility testing and consolidation of over 700
containers (drums and bags) of raw materials, process wastes, and finished
products currently stored on site; transporting both organic and inorganic wastes to an off-site
treatment, storage, and disposal facility; using appropriate treatments to reduce the toxicity,
mobility, and volume of the wastes before landfilling; and handling wastes contained in
aboveground tanks and treatment basins in a similar fashion. All cleanup activities were
completed in 1990.
CLAREMONT POLYCHEMICAL 31 March 1992
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Soil and Groundwater Contamination: In 1990, the EPA completed an
investigation into the nature and extent of soil and groundwater contamination.
The groundwater remedy selected includes extracting and treating the groundwater
by air stripping and carbon adsorption and then reinjecting the treated water into the ground.
The groundwater portion of the remedy will be implemented in two phases. During the first
phase, extraction wells will be installed at the site boundary to capture the most contaminated
groundwater. During the second phase, additional extraction wells will be installed at the
boundary of the site to capture the off-site migrating plume. To address soil contamination,
approximately 1,600 cubic yards of contaminated soil will be excavated and treated by low
heat to enhance the volatization of the contaminants. The treated soil will be deposited in
the excavated areas. Highly contaminated soil will be excavated, treated, and disposed of off
site. Buildings will be decontaminated by vacuuming and dusting the contaminated surfaces,
and asbestos insulation will be removed for off-site treatment and disposal. In 1991,
underground storage tanks, associated equipment, and tank contents were excavated and
disposed of off site for treatment. The design of the remaining remedies is underway and is
scheduled to be completed in late 1993.
Environmental Progress
The immediate removal of hazardous liquids, the construction of a security fence, the
removal, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes, and off-site treatment/disposal of the
underground storage tanks have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at
the Claremont Polychemical site while the design for the final cleanup of the soil and
groundwater contamination is underway.
Site Repository
Plainview-Old Bethpage Public Library, 999 Old Country Road, Plainview, NY 11803
March 1992
32
CLAREMONT POLYCHEMICAL
-------
CLOTHIER DISPO
NEW YORK
EPAID#NYD00051157
EPA REGION 2
Oswego County
Granby
Other Names:
PAS Clothier Site
Site Description
The Clothier Disposal site is a 15-acre privately owned dump site, 6 acres of which were used
from the early 1970s to 1984 to dispose of demolition debris, household wastes, junk vehicles,
and approximately 2,200 drums of hazardous chemical waste from the Pollution Abatement
Services, Inc. (PAS) site, also listed on the NPL. In 1971, the owner applied for a landfill
permit, which was denied later that year. In 1973, the Oswego County Health Department
observed drums containing various amounts of waste from PAS at the site and reported it to
State authorities. In 1985, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
staged and characterized the wastes and drum contents. During these activities, it was
discovered that approximately 80 drums were in danger of rupturing; these drums had to be
placed in new containers immediately. It was also reported that prior to staging and sampling,
up to 90 drums had already ruptured and their contents had leaked onto the ground.
Approximately 160 people live within a 1-mile radius, with the nearest residence located 2,000
feet from the site. Residents in the area rely on private wells for drinking water. A wetland
passes through the site to the west of the area used for waste disposal. Ox Creek flows
through the site, feeding into the Oswego River, and a portion of the site is located within a
100-year flood plain.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
33
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Initially, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, and a high concentration of
heavy metals were found in the soil; barium in Ox Creek sediments; and heavy
, metals including cadmium, chromium, and manganese in the groundwater.
Subsequent to a drum and "visibly-contaminated" soil removal action, the main
contaminants found in the soil were residual levels of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples of on-site
groundwater and the surface water and sediment collected in the adjacent wetland
showed few and isolated instances of organic constituents, which marginally
exceeded safety standards. People who accidentally ingest or come into direct
contact with contaminated soil, groundwater, surface water, or sediments may be
at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: During 1986, drums were moved to a centralized on-site
location. A number of parties potentially responsible for site contamination
subsequently removed 1,858 drums of waste. In 1987 and 1988, the EPA removed
the remaining drums and the visibly contaminated soil and debris associated with the drums.
Subsequent sampling indicated that low concentrations of residual contamination remain on
site.
Entire Site: The selection of final cleanup activities for the site includes:
regrading and placing a 1-foot soil cover over the contaminated areas, and
revegetating the site; installing erosion control devices, as needed, on the
embankment sloping towards Ox Creek to prevent soil erosion; implementing institutional
controls to prevent the use of underlying groundwater or any land in a way that would
significantly disturb the soil cover; and long-term groundwater, soil, sediment, and surface
water monitoring. The design of the selected cleanup actions was completed in 1991; actual
cleanup began the same year. During the regrading of the site, seven drums were uncovered.
The drums have been sampled and additional soil samples have been collected in the vicinity
of these drums. The site was regraded and stabilized for the winter of 1992. Removal of the
uncovered drums and completion of the cleanup actions is scheduled for mid-1992. Long-term
monitoring of the groundwater, surface water, and sediment will be implemented upon
completion of all cleanup activities.
Site Facts: In 1986, a Consent Order was signed requiring several potentially responsible
parties to dispose of a number of drums located on site. In 1989, the parties signed a Consent
Decree to design the remedy and conduct cleanup activities.
March 1992 34 CLOTHIER DISPOSAL
-------
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and visibly-contaminated soil has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Clothier Disposal site while final cleanup activities are taking
place.
Site Repository
Fulton Public Library, 160 South First Street, Fulton, NY 13069
CLOTHIER DISPOSAL
35
March 1992
-------
COLESVILLE
MUNICIPAL
LANDFILL
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980768691
EPA REGION 2
Broome County
Colesville
Site Description
The 30-acre Colesville Municipal Landfill site was owned and operated by the Town of
Colesville from 1965 until 1969, when ownership was transferred to Broome County. The
landfill accepted about 9,000 tons of municipal refuse each year. From 1973 to 1975,
industrial wastes such as organic solvents, dyes, and metals were deposited on the site. Two
streams collect drainage from the landfill and empty into the Susquehanna River. The New
York State Department of Health inspected the site in 1984 and determined the presence of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the groundwater. Approximately 1,900 people live
within 3 miles of the site and depend on private wells as their source of drinking water. The
closest residence is 300 feet from the site. The area is rural and woodlands surround the
landfill. The Susquehanna River is used for fishing and recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, Local and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
E
Private wells, sediments, soil, and leachate draining from the landfill are
contaminated with VOCs. People who touch or drink contaminated well water or
soil may be at risk. Leachate drains into two on-site streams, which are tributaries
of the Susquehanna River. Although the river is not used as a source of drinking
water, it is used for fishing and recreation. Deer and wild turkeys forage for food
on the site, and people who eat these animals, which may contain bioaccumulated
contaminants, may suffer adverse health effects.
36
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: The County is providing residents with bottled water or activated
charcoal filters for contaminated private wells and is monitoring the wells
quarterly.
Entire Site: In the spring of 1991, the EPA selected a remedy for cleaning up
the site which includes capping the landfill to reduce the movement of soil
contaminants; installing a leachate collection system; air stripping groundwater
and decontaminating the vapors with carbon adsorption; and constructing and operating a
new water supply system for affected residents. The potentially responsible parties began the
engineering design for the remedy in spring 1991 under State monitoring. Cleanup activities
are expected to begin in 1993.
Site Facts: The parties potentially responsible for contamination at the site and the State of
New York signed a Consent Order in 1987. Under this Order, the parties will evaluate the
nature and extent of contamination at the site and will conduct design and cleanup activities
under State supervision.
Environmental Progress
The provision of bottled water and charcoal filters has reduced the risk of exposure to
contaminated groundwater at the Colesville Landfill site while final cleanup remedies are
being designed and cleanup activities are started.
Site Repository
Colesville Town Hall, Welton Street, Colesville, NY 13787
COLESVILLE MUNICIPAL LANDFILL 37 March 1992
-------
CONKLIN
DUMPS
NEW YORK >.-,cc.v,
EPA ID# NYD981486947rT!lW
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Broome County
Conklin
The Conklin Dumps site consists of two inactive landfills located on a 619-acre parcel of land.
The Town of Conklin owned and operated these landfills from 1964 to 1975. The lower
landfill, which operated from 1964 to 1969, consists of three trenches where some industrial
and chemical wastes may have been deposited. The upper landfill operated from 1969 until it
closed in 1975. Most of the wastes deposited in this landfill were placed in six unlined cells.
Additional waste material was piled in the cells. The majority of the waste is municipal solid
waste, although some industrial and chemical wastes may have been deposited. Testing
conducted by Broome County found the groundwater to be contaminated with heavy metals
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Leachate from the landfills drains into Carlin Creek,
a tributary of the Susquehanna River. Approximately 700 people live within 1 mile of the site.
The closest residents live 1/4 mile from the landfills' boundary. Approximately 2,000 people
depend on wells within 3 miles of the site for their drinking water. The area immediately
surrounding the landfills is proposed for development as an industrial park. The U.S.
Department of the Interior has designated a large wetland on the site as an important
biological resource.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and leachate from the landfills contain various VOCs and heavy
metals. If contaminants seep from the landfills into the wetlands area,
environmental damage could result. People who touch or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater or leachate may be at risk.
38
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Under State supervision, the Town of Conklin, the party potentially
responsible for site contamination, conducted a study to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site and to identify cleanup alternatives. The study
was completed in early 1991. In the spring of 1991, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up
the site, which includes capping the landfill, pumping and collecting leachate, and treating the
leachate off site at the publicly owned treatment works or, on site, if the off-site treatment is
not feasible. The Town began designing the cleanup strategies in the fall of 1991. The Town
of Conklin has recommended a modification to the selected remedy which is currently being
evaluated by the EPA.
Site Facts: The State of New York signed a Consent Order with the Town of Conklin for
cleanup in 1987.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Conklin Dumps site while design
activities leading to final cleanup actions are taking place.
Site Repository
Conklin Town Hall, 1271 Conklin Road, Conklin, NY 13748
CONKLIN DUMPS 39 March 1992
-------
CORTESE ^\Y\ EPA REGION 2
UU tt I CO C ^7TT%-4 SuUlvan County
LANDFILL ^
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980528475
Site Description
The 4-acre Cortese Landfill site was operated from 1970 to 1981 by the John Cortese
Construction Company, receiving primarily municipal wastes at a rate of 3,000 cubic yards
each year. In addition, industrial wastes including waste solvents, paint thinners, paint sludges,
and waste oils were disposed of at the landfill in 1973. An estimated 5,000 to 8,000 drums are
believed to have been buried on the site at that time. The State has found groundwater and
surface water to be contaminated with volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and heavy metals.
A municipal water supply well is located about 1,500 feet from the site. Although it is not
contaminated, the well has been taken out of service as a precautionary measure. The former
operator and the Town of Tusten each own part of the property. Approximately 550 people
live within 1 mile of the site. Five homes are located about 400 feet away from the landfill.
The Delaware River, classified by the National Park Service as a Wild and Scenic River, is
located 450 feet from the landfill and is used for fishing and recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
ZEJ
The groundwater, surface water, and, to a lesser extent, the Delaware River are
contaminated with various VOCs and heavy metals. Because the municipal water
well closest to the site was taken out of service as a precaution and there are no
private water wells in the area, there is little chance that people would drink or
touch contaminated groundwater. People who trespass on the site and touch or
accidentally ingest the contaminated surface water or surface soil may suffer
adverse health effects. In addition, if contaminants drain from the landfill into the
Delaware River, people who use the river for recreational activities may be at risk.
Fish from the river may accumulate contaminants and, if eaten, may pose a health
threat.
40 March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, are
conducting an investigation to determine the nature and extent of groundwater,
surface water, and soil contamination. In addition, the potential for site-related
contaminants to affect the surrounding ecology is being assessed. Once these investigations
are completed, scheduled for late 1993, alternatives to address the cleanup will be
recommended, and the EPA will select the most appropriate remedies for cleanup of the site.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State signed a Consent Order with a potentially responsible party,
SCA Services, Inc., which had transported wastes to the site. A new Consent Order was
initiated with the SCA after the lead for the site was transferred to the EPA in 1990. This
new Order requires SCA to continue investigations into the nature and extent of site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Cortese Landfill site while further
studies and plans for cleanup activities are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
CORTESE LANDFILL 41 March 1992
-------
ENDICOTT VILLKGE ^^ EPA REGION 2
\ T____/^l Tl Broome County
WELL FIELD
NEW YORK :TU Other Names:
HEW TWniV JCOTsSHn^TnV RanneyWell
EPA ID# NYD980780746 -^w^'nj '-^-^
Site Description
The 100-acre Endicott Village Well Field site consists of a water supply well (Ranney Well)
and the groundwater around it, the Endicott Sewage Treatment Plant, the open land area
associated with the En-Joie Golf Club, the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad tracks, two small
landfills, and the Endicott Landfill, which is identified as the probable source of
contamination. After a 1981 chemical spill, the Endicott Public Works Department (EPWD)
sampled the Ranney Well and detected vinyl chloride and trace amounts of other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). In 1983, the EPWD installed diffused operation equipment in
the well to air strip VOCs. In 1984, a purge well was installed to capture the contaminant
plume before it impacted the Ranney Well. The Village operates four wells for 45,000 people,
and the Ranney Well supplies approximately half of the total drinking water of the system.
o~,._~,*~-u:r* TU- v • u • AA A^ u NpL LISTING HISTORY
Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs as a result of chemical spills near the
Ranney Well. Golf course ponds and leachate contain elevated levels of various
VOCs. The major health threat from the Endicott Well Field site is drinking
contaminated water from the well. The Susquehanna River and Nanticoke Creek,
which run along either side of the site, and the golf course ponds are prone to
flooding, which could lead to the accumulation of contaminants in the water and in
the sediments.
42 March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: initial actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the public water supply, cleanup of the entire site, and containment of
the groundwater plume.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: An aeration system was installed in the Ranney Well to reduce
vinyl chloride levels. Subsequent actions undertaken included the installation of
monitoring wells and a purge well between the Ranney Well and the Endicott
Landfill so that the well could be used again. In addition, a fence was erected around the
Ranney Well as a security measure.
Public Water Supply: The EPA selected the following methods for cleanup of
the public water supply: installing and operating an air stripper to remove VOCs
from the well; treating contaminated groundwater, with discharge to the Village of
Endicott Municipal Water Distribution System; continue operating an existing purge well
located between the well and the Endicott Landfill; groundwater monitoring; and operation
and maintenance of the site after cleanup is completed. Construction of the air stripper is
completed, and the air stripper is scheduled for start-up in mid-1992.
Entire Site: In 1987, the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
initiated a site investigation to determine possible alternative cleanup remedies to
restore the aquifer and to identify and control the surface sources of
contamination. Studies were undertaken in two phases. The first phase was completed in 1988
and resulted in an interim remedy, described below. Before a final remedy can be selected,
further study of site contamination is required. This study is scheduled to be completed in late
1992.
Groundwater Plume Contaminant: In 1991, based on Phase I studies of the
entire site, an interim remedy was selected which includes: upgrading the existing
purge well system installed during the initial action; installing and operating an
additional purge well to intercept the contamination plume; implementing a purge well
monitoring program; and performing a detailed aquifer pump test. The design of this interim
remedy began in 1992 and is expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1988, a Consent Order was signed with three of the parties potentially
responsible for site contamination to perform a study to determine the source and extent of
the aquifer contamination. Two Consent Decrees also were signed to perform the cleanup of
the well field and to install the additional purge well.
ENDICOTT VILLAGE WELL FIELD 43 March 1992
-------
Environmental Progress
Initial actions taken to treat the groundwater have reduced the risk of exposure to
contaminants through the water supply. After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA
performed preliminary investigations and determined that with site security measures in place,
no other immediate actions were required at the Endicott Village Well Field site while
further investigations and cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Endicott Village Clerk's Office, Municipal Building, 1009 East Main Street,
Endicott, NY 13760
March 1992
44
ENDICOTT VILLAGE WELL FIELD
-------
FACET """ JW EPA REGION 2
*^ w *™ ' \V-i Chemung County
ENTERPRISE!^ *-^ Elmira Hei9hts
INC.
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD073675514
Site Description —
From 1929 to 1976, the 39-acre Facet Enterprises, Inc. site was owned and operated by the
Bendix Corporation, which manufactured various products including bicycle parts, automobile
engine components, and small arms during World War II. In 1976, Facet Enterprises, Inc. was
created to carry on the manufacturing of engine components. In 1990, Facet Enterprises, Inc.
changed its name to the Purolator Products Company. Disposal of waste materials on the
plant property is known to have occurred since at least the 1940s through 1978. The site
contains numerous disposal areas, including eight dump sites and two open sludge disposal
areas. Wastes disposed of at the site include cyanide salts, heavy metal sludges, spent
solvents, and various oils. In addition to the five known disposal areas, the open, flat area to
the northwest of Plant 2 has been used for material storage throughout the plant's operating
history. On-site disposal of wastes was discontinued by Facet in 1978. The site is adjacent to a
residential area and is less than 200 feet from the nearest home. Nearby wells, which supply
drinking water for more than 10,000 people, have been closed due to contamination by
trichloroethylene (TCE). There are approximately 1,000 people living within a 1/4-mile radius
of the site, and six schools are located within a mile of the site.
... 0 ...... „, . . . , . ,, , t. , NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
IT
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and petroleum were detected in on-site
monitoring wells and surface water, and the Elmira Water Board Sullivan Street
public water supply wells have been polluted by TCE. Heavy metals were found in
the ditch sediments in 1981. Sampling has detected heavy metals and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the soil on site as well as in surface soils at an
oil lagoon. A sample of sludge taken from the inactive sludge disposal area showed
elevated levels of the heavy metals cadmium, chromium, and copper. Nearby wells
have been closed due to the TCE contamination, thereby reducing the potential
for individuals to drink the contaminated water. However, individuals drinking the
polluted groundwater from either the Facet's process well or the Elmira Water
Board's Sullivan Street supply wells may be at risk. People coming in direct contact
with surface water and sediments in the ditches may also be at risk, and runoff
from the site to the ditches may be threatening the area creeks.
45 March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1992, 469 buried drums and 1,950 cubic yards of contaminated
soils were excavated from four of the disposal areas. Excavated soil and drums
will be disposed of off site at a permitted facility.
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, Facet initiated a hydrogeological
investigation of the site in 1983, which confirmed groundwater contamination. In
1988, Facet initiated an investigation to determine the extent of contamination at
the site and to identify alternatives for the cleanup. Based on a review of this study, the EPA
determined that additional field work was needed to determine the extent to which the
disposal areas have contributed to the groundwater contamination. Based on these
investigations, the EPA prepared an assessment of site risks in 1991. The EPA expects that
all studies will be completed, and a remedy will be selected in 1992.
Site Facts: Facet signed a Consent Order in 1983 to conduct a hydrogeological investigation
of the site. Facet entered into an Administrative Order in 1986 to conduct an investigation,
under EPA monitoring, to determine the extent of the contamination and to identify
alternatives for the cleanup. The Facet Enterprises, Inc. site also is being investigated as a
possible source of contamination of the Kentucky Avenue Well Field, another NPL site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and contaminated soil and the closing of nearby wells have reduced
the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Facet Enterprises, Inc. site while
further investigations into final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 46 FACET ENTERPRISES, INC.
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FMC CORP.
(DUBLIN ROAD
LANDFILL)
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD000511857
Site Description
-ERA
0
REGION 2
Orleans County
pf Ridgeway and Shelby
The 30-acre FMC Corp. (Dublin Road Landfill) site is an inactive waste site divided into two
areas, also known as the north and south parcels. Since 1933, approximately 4 to 6 acres of
the south parcel were used to dispose of metals, chlorinated organics, and insecticides. The
site also contains a waste pile area, a pond, a swampy area, and two inactive rock quarries.
FMC stopped disposal activity at the site in 1968. The south parcel of the site was used later
for the disposal of coal ash cinders, residue from lime sulfur filtration processing, and residues
from pesticide production areas. This area is fenced and posted with warning signs. The area
surrounding the site is sparsely populated. Approximately 100 people live within a 1/2-mile
radius of the site. The site is bounded by the New York State Barge Canal and Jeddo Creek,
both of which are used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
I
The groundwater, waste pile area, swamp, pond, and quarry soils are contaminated
with heavy metals including lead, mercury, and arsenic, as well as a variety of
phenols and pesticides. The site poses a potential health threat to area residents
who use private wells located downstream from the site. People who use Jeddo
Creek and the Barge Canal for recreational purposes also may be at risk. Potential
health threats include accidental ingestion or direct contact with the contaminants.
The potential exists for contaminants to bioaccumulate in locally grown food
products and in area fish and wildlife.
47
March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination, under
State supervision, are studying the nature and extent of the groundwater, surface
water, and soil contamination at the site. The study will define the contaminants
and will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. This study is scheduled to be
completed in late 1992. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
currently is considering the most appropriate remedies for site cleanup, and potentially
responsible parties are currently conducting treatability studies, scheduled to be completed in
late 1992.
Site Facts: The State issued a Consent Order requiring the potentially responsible parties to
conduct an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site, to monitor
the movement of contaminants, and to take necessary cleanup actions to address the site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that, with site security measures in place, no immediate actions were required at
the FMC Corp. (Dublin Road Landfill) site while further studies into the final cleanup
remedies take place.
Site Repository
Lee-Whedon Memorial Library, 620 West Avenue, Medina, NY 14103
March 1992 48 FMC CORP. (DUBLIN ROAD LANDFILL)
-------
FOREST GLEN
MOBILE HOME
SUBDIVISION
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD981560923
EPA REGION 2
Niagara County
Niagara Falls
Other Names:
rest Glen Mobile Home Park
Site Description
The Forest Glen Mobile Home Subdivision site consists of 21 acres, including an 11-acre
mobile home park that previously was used as a landfill for chemical wastes. Drums and other
chemical wastes also were disposed of in the adjacent areas of the trailer park. In 1980, soil
contaminated with phenolic resins was shipped to an off-site landfill for disposal. A synthetic
plastic liner covers one of the spots where high concentrations of contaminants were found.
Approximately 150 people lived in the Forest Glen Subdivision. The area surrounding the site
is used for residential and commercial purposes. Vacant land, which is heavily vegetated, is
located to the north and east of the site. The mobile home park is serviced by a public water
system. East Gill Creek flows along the edge of the trailer park.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 08/16/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Soils on site are contaminated with various phenolic resins. Soils contaminated with
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found mainly in the eastern portion
of the site. There was a potential risk to human health from accidentally ingesting
or touching contaminated soils prior to the relocation of residents. Residents of
the trailer park could have been exposed to high levels of contamination through
normal work or play activities. There also is a potential for contamination of public
water supply lines resulting from the failure or corrosion of the pipes and the
interaction with buried chemicals. The trailer park floods during periods of spring
snowmelt, which presents a moderate potential for contaminants to move to
drainage ditches that surround the site.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on permanent relocation of the affected residents and cleanup of the entire site.
49
March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA temporarily relocated 27 families before the site
was listed on the NPL, covered the site with concrete, and placed a high-visibility
fence around the contaminated areas. Two hot spot areas were identified and
were temporarily covered.
Permanent Relocation: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy for the site that
involved permanent relocation of site residents. The remedy also included a
continuation of the temporary relocation program, during the permanent
relocation process. The relocation process is expected to be completed by the fall of 1992. To
date, only one family remains on site. A guard has been posted at the site 24 hours a day,
and will remain there until all of the residents are relocated. A fence will then be built
around the site perimeter.
Entire Site: Field work to determine the extent and the source of contamination
at the site is expected to begin in 1992. Alternative cleanup technologies will be
selected, based on the results of this investigation. Work is scheduled for
completion in 1994.
Site Facts: Area residents were concerned about the potential health effects resulting from
contact with chemical contamination of site soils. The EPA relocated 52 families living at the
site and is still in the process of relocating the last one. The EPA is presently seeking cost
recovery against one potentially responsible party. Special Notice Letters will be sent to 14
potentially responsible parties in 1992, requesting them to perform the site investigation.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has relocated 52 of the 53 affected families at the site and has determined that it is
not safe for families to return to the site. The permanent relocation of families, in addition to
the site security being directed by the EPA, has reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the site while the EPA plans the final phase of cleanup actions.
Site Repository
U.S. EPA Region 2, Public Information Office, 345 3rd Street, Suite 530,
Niagara Falls, NY 14303
March 1992 50 FOREST GLEN MOBILE HOME
SUBDIVISION
-------
FULTON
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980593099
Site Description
Up to 31,000 gallons of waste oils and sludges have been stored in tanks at the 1 1/2-acre
Fulton Terminals site, which is now inactive. From 1936 to 1960, the primary activity on the
site was the manufacturing of roofing materials, which involved the storage of asphalt in
aboveground tanks and fuel oil storage in underground tanks. From 1972 to 1977, the site
was used as a staging and storage area for materials scheduled for incineration at the
Pollution Abatement Services site, which also is on the NPL. From 1981 to 1983, Fulton
Terminals removed several tanks as part of a voluntary cleanup program. These activities
ceased in 1983 after the facility was fined by the New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation for improper disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Oily
material appeared to have spilled or leaked onto the ground. The site is an urban area, with
approximately 13,000 people living within 3 miles. The site is within 50 feet of the Oswego
River, which is used for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, soil, and sediments are polluted with heavy metals including
arsenic, barium, chromium, and lead, as well as volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Trespassers face potential health threats in the event that they directly
contact the contaminated soil or groundwater within the restricted site. Local
residents use a municipal water supply and, therefore, are not likely to come in
contact with contaminants in the groundwater. The Oswego River, located
adjacent to the site, is subject to contamination by runoff from the site and could
pose potential health threats during recreational use of the water.
51 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Actions conducted in 1986 by the EPA and the parties
potentially responsible for the contamination consisted of building a 7-foot
perimeter fence and posting warning signs, removing two aboveground tanks and
two underground tanks, removing approximately 300 cubic yards of visibly-contaminated soil
and tar-like wastes, and excavating storm drains that were acting as a conduit for
contaminated runoff entering the Oswego River during storms. An additional action in 1990
involved the construction of earthen barriers for the prevention of surface runoff from the
contaminated portion of the site. As of 1990, all sludge had been removed and transported to
an approved disposal site. In addition, all tanks and visibly-contaminated soil had been
removed from the site and disposed of at off-site facilities.
Entire Site: Actions selected by the EPA for site cleanup include low
temperature thermal extraction to remove VOC contaminants from soils and use
of carbon adsorption to collect the pollutants from the groundwater, followed by
the reinjection of the treated water into the groundwater system. The engineering design of
the cleanup actions began in late 1991 and is expected to be completed in mid-1993. Actual
cleanup of the site is expected to begin in late 1993.
Site Facts: In 1986, the potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Order requiring
them to perform removal activities. A Consent Decree was signed by the potentially
responsible parties in 1990, in which they have agreed to perform the site cleanup as directed
by the EPA. The Consent Decree became effective in December 1991.
Environmental Progress
Removing contaminated materials and restricting site access reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated runoff or hazardous materials from the site, pending the start of
final cleanup activities at the Fulton Terminals site.
Site Repository
Fulton Public Library, 160 South First Street, Fulton, NY 13069
March 1992 52 FULTON TERMINALS
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GE MOREAU
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980528335
EPA REGION 2
Saratoga County
South Glens Falls
Other Names:
Caputo Disposal Site
Site Description
From 1958 to 1968, an evaporative pit at the 40-acre GE Moreau site received an estimated
452 tons of waste material generated by the General Electric Company. The waste materials
include trichloroethylene (TCE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), spent solvents, oils,
sludges, and other miscellaneous wastes. In 1982, elevated levels of TCE were found in the
on-site groundwater. Soils were found to be contaminated with PCBs. Contaminated
groundwater discharges at Reardon Brook, which runs within 7,000 feet of the site and feeds
the Village of Fort Edward reservoir. Approximately 14,300 people are served by the
groundwater system in this semi-rural area. Nearby streams, rivers, and the reservoir, used as
recreational areas, have been affected by the groundwater contamination.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water were contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), including TCE; the soil was contaminated with VOCs and
PCBs. People could have been at risk it they touched or accidentally ingested
contaminated soil or water.
Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
53
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: As a result of GE's testing program, activated carbon filter
systems were installed in homes contaminated with VOCs, as a temporary
measure. GE performed many other tasks, including installation of a permanent
alternative water supply system for approximately 100 homes, construction of a cap and slurry
wall to contain contaminants at the source, excavation of PCB-contaminated soil, and
treatment of contaminated groundwater. In 1985, GE installed treatment units in private
wells downgradient of the site.
Entire Site: The methods approved by the EPA to clean up the site include:
using the slurry wall constructed around the disposal area in 1984 to contain the
source of groundwater contamination; continuing to monitor 18 downgradient wells
to determine the effectiveness of the slurry wall and monitoring at 29 wells to determine if
changes are occurring in the size and direction of the plume; continuing treatment of the
plume by air stripping where it exists at Reardon Brook; removing 8,600 cubic yards of
PCB-contaminated soil adjacent to the disposal site and placing the soil within the slurry wall;
providing a public water supply for affected residences; and reviewing the cleanup action at
least every five years to assure that human health and the environment are protected.
Cleanup actions at the site were completed in 1990. Monitoring will be continued to ensure
the effectiveness of the remedy.
Site Facts: The EPA filed a lawsuit against the Town of Moreau to gain access to property
controlled or owned by the Town so that GE could install water mains and provide individual
hookups to the Village of South Glens Falls public water system. The alternative water supply
system was completed in 1990.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup actions are completed at the GE Moreau site. The site no longer poses a threat
to nearby residents and the environment. GE and the EPA will continue to monitor the site
for a five-year period to assure the effectiveness of the cleanup remedies.
Site Repository
Crandall Library, City Park, Glen Falls, NY 12801
March 1992 54 GE MOREAU
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GENERAL ,^mpA REGION 2
O C HI C riML. _^H^y~? St. Lawrence County
MOTORS '3A^^^rc4 Massena
FOUNDRY DISION STJSS
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD091 972554
Site Description
The 270-acre General Motors (Central Foundry Division) site originally was built to produce
aluminum cylinder heads for the Chevrolet Corvair and has been in operation since 1958.
From 1959 to 1974, the plant used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as a component of the
hydraulic fluids in its die casting process. GM no longer uses die casting in its processes. In
the early 1960s, GM installed a reclamation system to recover used hydraulic fluid. PCB
sludges periodically were landfilled in on-site areas and also remain in the bottoms of several
lagoons. The site contains approximately 850,000 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated material.
The contamination is located in the following areas on the site: the North Disposal Area, the
East Disposal Area, an Industrial Landfill, and four Industrial Lagoons. The landfill was also
used for the disposal of foundry sand, excavated soil, and other solid industrial wastes. In
1971, approximately 800,000 gallons of PCB-contaminated sludge were removed from two
Industrial Lagoons and were deposited in the North Disposal Area. From 1973 to 1975, GM
again removed PCB-contaminated sludge from the Lagoons and transferred it to a sludge
settling basin in the East Disposal Area. Miscellaneous soils on the facility also are
contaminated with PCBs. The site is bordered by the St. Lawrence River, the St. Regis
Mohawk Reservation, the Raquette River, the Reynolds Metals Company, and the St.
Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation. Due to past wastewater discharges into surface
water, St. Lawrence and Raqette River sediments have been contaminated with PCBs. In
addition, soil and sediment on the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation has been contaminated by
runoff from the site. Groundwater beneath the site has been contaminated with PCBs and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The St. Regis Mohawk Indians live adjacent to the
plant. The City of Cornwall, Ontario, with approximately 50,000 residents, is 2 miles north
across the river, and the Village of Massena, with a population of 13,000, is located 7 miles to
the east.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
55 March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
PCBs were found in several monitoring wells on the eastern side of the facility and
in on-site soil and sediment samples from the St. Lawrence River. VOCs were
found in groundwater directly under the site and off site. The consumption of fish
or wildlife from contaminated areas is of special concern because of the proximity
of the Mohawk Indian Reservation. Fishing is restricted by the State Health
Department and the Indian Reservation Administration. Runoff potentially
threatens the Raquette River, the St. Lawrence River, and the St. Regis Indian
Reservation. Individuals ingesting or touching contaminated surface water,
groundwater, soil, sludges, or sediments potentially are at risk. Public water supply
systems are not contaminated.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the North Disposal Area, the river system sediments, North
Disposal Area, the Industrial Lagoons, Reservation and facility soils and groundwater and
cleanup of the Industrial Landfill and East Disposal Area.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: GM, under the EPA's oversight, agreed to place a temporary
cap on the Industrial Landfill in 1987 to prevent the migration of contaminants.
North Disposal Area, River Sediments, Industrial Lagoons, Soils, and
Groundwater: The final cleanup remedy that was selected by the EPA includes
dredging and excavating contaminated materials, followed by on-site treatment and
disposal of residual contamination using biological treatment or other innovative technologies.
Contaminated groundwater will be extracted and treated. Design of the remedy is scheduled to
begin in 1992.
Industrial Landfill and East Disposal Area: The final cleanup remedy selected
by the EPA in 1992 includes excavating highly contaminated materials from the East
Disposal Area followed by on-site treatment and disposal of residual contamination
using biological treatment or other innovative technologies; capping the Industrial Landfill and
less contaminated material in the East Disposal Area; and groundwater containment. The
engineering design of this remedy is scheduled to begin in early 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA and GM negotiated a Consent Order in 1985, requiring GM to conduct
an investigation into the type and extent of contamination at the site.
March 1992 56 GENERAL MOTORS
(CENTRAL FOUNDRY DIVISION)
-------
Environmental Progress
By capping the Industrial Landfill area, the potential for further contamination of the General
Motors (Central Foundry Division) site and risk from exposure to hazardous materials have
been reduced while the selected final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Massena Public Library, 14 Glenn Street, Massena, NY 13602
GENERAL MOTORS
(CENTRAL FOUNDRY DIVISION)
57
March 1992
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GENZALE PLATINa^s EPA REGION 2
[Op| \^,—r—, Nassau County
COM PANY V \_LsM Franklin Square on Long lsland
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD002050110
Site Description
The 1/2-acre Genzale Plating Company site comprises a two-story office/metal plating facility,
two on-site residences, and a backyard area, which contains leaching pits, storage buildings,
and various chemical storage facilities. Since 1915, the facility has electroplated small products
such as automobile antennas, parts of ball point pens, and bottle openers and is known to
have discharged wastewater containing heavy metals into three leaching pools at the rear of
the site. This procedure continued into the late 1950s, when the facility was connected to the
municipal sewer system; wastewater was then discharged into either the sewer system or the
on-site leaching pits. In 1981, the Nassau County Health Department ordered the company to
stop the discharge. In 1983, the company hauled sludge from the pools and some
contaminated soil away from the site, but the cleanup was never completed. The New York
State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) conducted an investigation of
the Genzale site in 1983 to determine the potential threat to public health posed by potential
off-site migration of contaminants into the groundwater. As a result of this investigation, the
site was added to the NPL. The site is situated in a densely populated residential area. Soil
on the site is permeable, thus threatening a Franklin Square Water District well located 1,700
feet downgradient of the site. The district supplies water to approximately 20,000 people.
Another 32,000 people are supplied by West Hempstead-Hempstead Water District wells
within 3 miles of the site.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
[ aaaressea tnrougn
Federal actions.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Chromium, cadmium, and nickel were detected in on-site groundwater; however,
routine monitoring of public water supplies in the area has not identified any
drinking water contamination. On-site soil is contaminated with heavy metals, most
notably nickel and chromium. Since no drinking water contamination has been
identified, the pathways of concern are direct contact with on-site soil, sludge, and
wastewater. The site is above Long Island's sole-source aquifers for municipal and
private water supplies.
58 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the soils and groundwater and downgradient groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the potentially responsible parties partially
completed sludge removal and backfilling of the leaching pits with soils.
Site Soils and Groundwater: In 1988, the EPA initiated the first phase of an
investigation to develop data on the degree of contamination at the site and to
determine the nature and extent of the problem. Three clusters of groundwater
monitoring wells, each consisting of a shallow and deep well, were installed on the site. Two
off-site monitoring wells were installed downgradient of the site to determine whether there
had been any off-site migration of contaminants. In early 1991, a remedy was selected, which
includes treating contaminated soils by vacuum extraction, excavating the soils on the
property and in the leaching pits and transporting them off site for further treatment and
disposal, and backfilling the excavated areas with clean soil. Interim groundwater treatment
involves pumping and treating the extracted groundwater by air stripping. The treated water
then will be reinjected into the ground. The design of the selected remedies began in late
1991 and is expected to be completed in 1993.
Downgradient Groundwater: Based on the results of the initial investigation, a
second investigation is being conducted to study off-site groundwater
contamination downgradient of the site and to develop and evaluate potential
remedies to clean up this contamination. The EPA began this investigation in late 1991 and
expects to be completed in 1993.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sludge and partial backfilling of the pits has reduced the threat of exposure
to contaminants at the Genzale Plating Company site while the selected final remedy
addressing onsite soils and groundwater is being designed and an investigation into
downgradient groundwater contamination is underway.
Site Repository
Franklin Square Public Library, 19 Lincoln Road, Franklin Square, NY 10110
GENZALE PLATING COMPANY 59 March 1992
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INC.
NEW YORK
EPAID#NYD980768717
Site Description
EGION 2
County
Holbrook
The Goldisc Recordings, Inc. site is situated on 34 acres of land, including 6 acres of
buildings, in an industrial section of Long Island. The company produced phonographic
records from 1968 to 1983. Wastes generated at the site include large quantities of
nickel-plating wastes and hydraulic oil, and lesser quantities of solvents. Plating wastes were
stored in aboveground storage tanks. On several occasions, the Suffolk County Department
of Health discovered chemical wastes in storm drains, holding ponds, and an on-site dump. In
addition, the County found Goldisc was discharging plating wastes into an adjoining marsh.
Contaminants have seeped into the aquifer beneath the site. Suffolk County found that
wastes containing nickel, copper, iron, cadmium, zinc, lead, and chromium were spilled or
leaked onto a paved area of the site. The former owner, First Holbrook Company, cleaned
the on-site holding ponds and installed monitoring wells. Approximately 19,500 people live
within a mile of the site; 70,500 people live within 3 miles. There also are several schools
within a mile of the site. Approximately 130 wells located within 3 miles of the site serve
71,000 people. A public water supply well is 1,000 feet downgradient of the site. Groundwater
is the only water supply source in the area.
o-. r> -K-I-* T, . ... . . . .. ... . NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
zra
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as
heavy metals including chromium, nickel, and lead. Some contaminant plumes have
tentatively been identified. Soil is contaminated with heavy metals including
copper, cadmium, and zinc. A waste holding pool on site containing VOCs has
been cleaned up. Underground structures are contaminated with heavy metals as
well as various VOCs. Area residents are connected to a public water supply;
however, people who drink the contaminated groundwater may suffer adverse
health effects. In addition, touching or accidentally ingesting the soil may pose a
health hazard. There is a potential threat to a nearby wetlands area, the closest
surface water discharge point to the site.
60 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: A study to determine the extent of groundwater, soil, and structure
contamination at the site is expected to be completed in 1993, at which time
alternative measures to clean up the site will be recommended and the final
remedy for site cleanup will be selected.
Site Facts: The State issued a number of Consent Orders to Goldisc Recordings, Inc. (also
known as ElectroSound Group) between 1979 and 1981 for violations of County and State
health codes. Under a 1988 State Consent Order and under State supervision, ElectroSound
Group, Inc. began conducting an investigation to measure the extent of contamination at the
site. ElectroSound, however, did not complete the investigations described in the Consent
Order. In August 1990, the site lead was transferred to the EPA from the State. A Consent
Order between the EPA and ElectroSound to perform the investigation was executed in June
1991. The potentially responsible party is currently proceeding with the investigation under
this Order.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Goldisc Recordings site while
further investigations into the selection of final cleanup actions are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
GOLDISC RECORDINGS, INC. 61 March 1992
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GRIFFISS AIR
FORCE BASE
NEW YORK
EPA ID#NY4571924451
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Oneida County
2 miles northeast of Rome
The Griffiss Air Force Base site, in operation since 1943, covers 110 acres on a 3,900-acre
parcel of land and is home to the 416th Bombardment Wing under the Strategic Air
Command. Various wastes, including solvents and lead from battery acids, were generated
from research and development activities in the industrial shops and laboratories. These
wastes were disposed of in landfills and dry wells. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have
been detected in groundwater on the base. In 1985 and 1986, the Air Force removed several
underground storage tanks and excavated contaminated soil. Additional underground storage
tanks were removed in 1988 and 1989. The Air Force also modified a landfill cover. The area
immediately surrounding the base is primarily agricultural, with a few residential areas. The
City of Rome is southwest of the base and has a population of 50,000. About 95 percent of
the local population obtains water from the municipal water supply system. The source of this
supply is surface water upstream from the base; however, some private wells are used to
irrigate crops. The Town of Floyd, a community of over 300 homes southeast of the base,
receives its water from private wells. The base is located in the Mohawk River Valley and is
situated between the Mohawk River, Six Mile Creek, and the New York State Barge Canal
(Erie Canal).
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
ZEJ
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Soil is contaminated with heavy metals
including lead, chromium, and barium, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Ethylene glycol has been found in Six Mile Creek. Private water wells are used for
irrigation and drinking water, and private wells in the Town of Floyd are
contaminated with VOCs and ethylene glycol. Contaminants may accumulate in
food crops and pose a health hazard to those who eat them. In addition, people
who touch or accidentally ingest the contaminated soil may suffer adverse health
effects. Leachate from one of the base's landfills has seeped into Six Mile Creek.
These pollutants may be harmful to wildlife and aquatic life.
62
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: As an interim action in 1990, the Air Force began providing
bottled water for residents affected by the contaminated wells and has provided
funds to the community to construct an extension of the municipal water supply
to replace the contaminated wells. Connections to the water supply extension were
substantially completed by late 1991. Underground storage tanks were removed from the
base, and contaminated soil was excavated between 1985 and 1989.
Entire Site: Griffiss Air Force Base has begun a study to determine the extent of
contamination to the groundwater, soil, and the rest of the base. Thirty-four areas
of concern have been identified, including landfills and dry wells. These areas will
be addressed in different phases of the cleanup. Once the study is completed, cleanup
measures will be recommended, and the EPA will select the most appropriate remedies for
site cleanup. The EPA is also sampling and testing residential wells to determine if off-base
well contamination exists beyond the Floyd area. Preliminary results indicate that the
contamination is limited to the Town of Floyd.
Site Facts: An Interagency Agreement among the EPA, the State, and Griffiss Air Force
Base to clean up the site was signed in June 1990. Since the public is especially concerned
over the contamination of the Floyd wells, the Air Force has provided bottled water and
funded the replacement of the municipal water supply. Griffiss Air Force Base is participating
in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the
Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of
hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The provision of safe drinking water has eliminated the potential of exposure to hazardous
substances in the water. Studies into the nature and extent of contamination at Griffiss Air
Force Base are underway, which will lead to the selection of final cleanup remedies.
Site Repository
Not established.
GRIFFISS AIR FORCE BASE 63 March 1992
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HAVILAND COM^LEX^n EPDA,?EG'°N 2
r ^^~~~~Jl/^\ \l Dutchess County
NEW YORK ( KrV? Town of Hyde Park
EPA ID# NYD980785661
Site Description
The 275-acre Haviland Complex site consists of a planned development that contains an
apartment complex, a junior high school, an elementary school, a shopping center, and a
number of private homes. In 1981, a local resident became concerned because his well water
was foaming. The Dutchess County Health Department found the septic and sewage systems
of a nearby car wash and laundromat had failed, contaminating the groundwater with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). In 1982, the laundromat installed a sand filter and a new tile
field to handle the laundry effluent. The State also began an investigation and, in 1983,
ordered the laundromat to disconnect the dry cleaning unit from the septic system and to
dispose of all spent cleaning fluids off site at a licensed disposal facility. All residents in the
area were advised to use bottled water. The wells servicing the Haviland Apartments and the
laundromat had water treatment units installed in 1984 and 1985 to remove contaminants.
Hyde Park has an estimated population of 21,000 people. Approximately 20 percent of the
population are connected to a public sewer system, and over 50 percent are served by a
public or private water supply system. The remaining population, including the residences
located on the site, obtain water from residential wells. Groundwater discharges into Fall Kill
Creek and to a nearby wetland.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Federal and State actions. Fina, Date: Q6/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Although some of the
affected residents have had household activated carbon treatment systems installed
since the contamination was discovered, untreated water still is used for drinking
water, as well as other purposes. Therefore, people who touch or accidentally drink
the polluted water may be at risk. While groundwater discharges into Fall Kill
Creek and the nearby wetlands, no contamination has been found.
64 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The State installed carbon adsorption units in seven homes
in the affected area to remove contaminants from the water.
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site, which
includes cleaning up the septic systems, connecting the affected residences to the
Harbourd Hills water distribution system, and extracting the groundwater and
removing the contaminants by forcing a stream of air through the water. The air will be
further treated before its release into the atmosphere. The treated water will be discharged
into Fall Kill Creek. In 1990, the EPA completed the pumping and clean up of contaminated
materials from the local septic disposal systems. Once the remaining cleanup measures have
been completed, the EPA will monitor the site to determine the effectiveness of the cleanup.
The design of the remedy for groundwater contamination is expected to be finished in late
1992.
Environmental Progress
The installation of carbon units in homes affected by groundwater contamination and the
completion of the septic system cleanup have protected the residential water supplies and
reduced health threats from the Haviland Complex site while further cleanup activities are
taking place.
Site Repository
Hyde Park Town Hall, Albany Post Road, Hyde Park, NY 12538
HAVILAND COMPLEX
65
March 1992
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HERTEL LANDFIU XOT EPA REGION 2
-x"^^S-——w rr~L ( Ulster County
NEW YORK <^;; !% • ^ flLjCT) Plattekil1
EPA ID# NYD980780779 ^%. ; °PW? Other Names:
I I X' '• '•; '•':••-.'•"'L^jjr-i Environmental Landfills, Inc.
^v. :: /V^^U Dutchess Sanitation
Site Description
The 80-acre Hertel Landfill site is an inactive waste disposal area that was established in 1963
as a municipal waste landfill. Ten acres of the land were used when the landfill was operating.
In 1970, Dutchess Sanitation Services, Inc. began hauling refuse from Dutchess County to the
Hertel Landfill. Dutchess Sanitation purchased the landfill in 1975. The Ulster County
Department of Health revoked the landfill permit in 1976 due to violations. Among them
were allegations of illegal industrial dumping. This action and a town ordinance prohibiting
the dumping of out-of-town garbage resulted in the permanent closing of the site in 1977.
The State detected heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the groundwater.
Approximately 1,350 people live within 3 miles of the landfill. There are about 500 people
living within a mile of the site. Residents within the area obtain their drinking water from
individual wells. The site is situated in the valley of a tributary to Black Creek and is
surrounded by wetlands.
o«- »^T* TU- v • u • AA ,1 A i, NPL LISTING HISTORY
Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date- 10/15/84
Federal actions. Final Date: o6/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and surface water are contaminated with various VOCs, as well as
heavy metals including arsenic, chromium, iron, and manganese. Soil is
contaminated with the heavy metals arsenic and chromium, and polynuclear
aromatics. People may be at risk by touching or drinking contaminated well water
or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil. Pollutants are seeping into the wetlands
on the site, posing a possible threat to ecologically sensitive resources, wildlife, or
aquatic biota.
66 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA completed an investigation of the nature and extent of
groundwater, surface water, and soil contamination at the site and selected a
cleanup remedy in late 1991. The selected remedy includes: capping the landfill to
prevent the leaching of contaminants from rainfall and melting snow; extracting the
groundwater and using a chemical precipitation and filtration process to remove dissolved
metals, followed by ultraviolet oxidation of dissolved organic compounds; and minimizing
further contamination of the wetlands. The design of the cleanup remedy is expected to begin
late in 1992.
Site Facts: The EPA sent Special Notice Letters to the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination on May 7, 1992 soliciting their cooperation in cleaning up the site.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Hertel Landfill site while
investigations leading to the final selection of cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Plattekill Public Library, Route 32, Modena, NY 12548
HERTEL LANDFILL
67
March 1992
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HOOKER -
HYDE PARK
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD000831644
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Niagara County
Northwest of the City of Niagara Falls
Other Names:
Hyde Park Landfill
Hooker-Hyde Park is a 15-acre site that was used to dispose of approximately 80,000 tons of
waste, some of it hazardous material, from 1953 to 1975. The landfill is immediately
surrounded by several industrial facilities and property owned by the Power Authority for the
State of New York. The Niagara River, which flows into Lake Ontario, is located 2,000 feet
northwest of the site. Bloody Run Creek, the drainage basin for the landfill area, flows from
the northwestern corner of the landfill. The creek eventually flows into storm sewers and
down the Niagara Gorge Face into the Niagara River. The site is located a few blocks east of
a 500-home residential community. Approximately 3,000 people are employed by the
industries near the site. All of the industries and most of the residences are connected to a
municipal water supply system. Three residences obtain drinking water from private wells, but
these residences are not believed to be in the path of contaminated groundwater that is
moving away from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
dioxin from former disposal activities. Bloody Run Creek sediments and surface
water of the Niagara Gorge Face also are contaminated with VOCs. Potential
health threats include inhaling, direct contact, and accidentally ingesting water
from Bloody Run Creek and the Niagara Gorge Face. Another possible threat
would be the consumption of contaminated fish from Lake Ontario. Although
groundwater is contaminated, there are no known uses of groundwater within the
area, so it is unlikely that people would be exposed to groundwater contaminants.
Access to the landfill is restricted by a fence and a 24-hour guard.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: From 1975 to 1979, the potentially responsible party, Occidental
Chemical Corp. (OCC), carried out a number of site cleanup activities. These
actions included capping of buried waste materials to prevent contact with surface
water and groundwater, installing a shallow tile drain, and beginning a groundwater
monitoring program. The Niagara Gorge Face seeps have been diverted, and people no
longer have access to the seeps because of the security measures taken to prevent access to
the site. Contaminated sediments also have been excavated. The construction of the leachate
storage, handling, and treatment facility was completed in 1989, and the Industrial Protection
Program to protect nearby workers from contaminants has been completed. In 1985, the EPA
selected additional cleanup remedies for the site including: installation of a prototype
extraction well system to extract non-aqueous phase liquids for destruction by incineration;
installation of the first stage of a bedrock non-aqueous phase liquids plume containment
system; implementation of a shallow and deep groundwater study; implementation of a
Niagara Gorge seep program; and treatment of groundwater and leachates with activated
carbon. The on-site treatment facility will treat aqueous phase liquids with activated carbon
and biological organisms. Non-aqueous phase liquids will be incinerated at the OCC Niagara
Plant. The draft Lake Ontario Bioaccumulation Study was completed in 1989 and was
distributed for scientific review. Fish and sediment samples from Lake Ontario were collected
and analyzed, and laboratory studies were conducted. The community monitoring program
has been completed. The overburden barrier collection system, a drain around the entire
landfill, was completed in 1990. The source control extraction wells also were installed in
1990. An assessment was completed in March 1992 to determine the risk of excavating
Bloody Run sediments. Based on the results of this assessment, the decision was made to
excavate Bloody Run sediments. Excavation is scheduled to be completed by 1993. The
perimeter of the landfill is expected to be capped in 1992. The prototype purge wells are
scheduled to be installed by the end of 1992. All cleanup activities are expected to be
completed by 1994.
Site Facts: In 1981, the EPA, the Department of Justice, the State, and a potentially
responsible party, Occidental Chemical Corp. (OCC), signed a Consent Decree specifying
OCC's responsibilities for cleanup of contamination at the site and maintenance of these
remedies. In 1985, the EPA selected the final methods to clean up the site. There is intense
public scrutiny of activities related to this site. Two citizens' groups have intervened in the
lawsuit against the potentially responsible party. The Canadian government also reviewed all
of the cleanup activities. Many investigations still are ongoing and are closely related to the
activities taking place at the other nearby Hooker Chemical sites and the Love Canal site, all
of which are listed on the NPL.
HOOKER - HYDE PARK 69 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
Many of the cleanup actions at the Hooker-Hyde Park site have been started or are
completed. The removal of contaminated soils and sediments as well as the leachate control
and treatment operations have reduced potential health risks and further environmental
degradation while remaining cleanup actions are being completed.
Site Repository
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Region 9, 600 Delaware
Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14202
March 1992
70
HOOKER - HYDE PARK
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HOOKER -
102ND STREET
NEW YORK
EPAID#NYD980506810
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
gara County
East of Grifiih Park in Niagara Falls
Ojher Names:
Street Landfill
The 102nd Street Landfill consists of two land parcels totalling approximately 22 acres.
Occidental Chemical Corporation, formerly Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation, owns
approximately 16 acres, and the remaining 7 acres are owned by Olin Chemical Corporation.
The site is located adjacent to the Niagara River and south of the Love Canal. A portion of
the filled area of the site is an extension of the original Love Canal excavation. The larger
portion of the landfill was operated from 1943 until 1971. During that time, about 23,500 tons
of mixed organic solvents, organic and inorganic phosphates, and related chemicals were
deposited at the landfill. Brine sludge, fly ash, electrochemical cell parts and related
equipment, and 300 tons of hexachlorocyclohexane process cake, including lindane, were
deposited at the site. The smaller portion of the site operated as a landfill from 1948 to about
1970, during which time 66,000 tons of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals were deposited.
In addition, about 20,000 tons of mercury brine and brine sludge, more than 1,300 tons of a
mixture of hazardous chemicals, 16 tons of mixed concrete boiler ash, fly ash, and other
residual materials were disposed of at the site. The landfill continues to discharge
contaminants to the Niagara River. Griffin Park, with the exception of the boat-launch area,
has been closed to the public. There is limited residential development to the east and west
of the Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
I
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene and
toluene; semi-volatile organics such as chlorinated benzenes, phenols, and
chlorophenols; pesticides; chlorinated dioxins and furans; and heavy metals
including arsenic, cadmium, and mercury. Niagara River sediments contain
semi-volatile organics, pesticides, and mercury. Soils and fill contain VOCs,
semi-volatile organics, pesticides, chlorinated dioxins and furans, metals, and
phosphorus. The storm sewer contains VOCs, semi-volatile organics, pesticides,
and mercury. On-site cleanup workers risk harmful exposure through accidental
ingestion of contaminated soils; drinking groundwater; or by inhaling and coming in
direct contact with contaminated soils, groundwater, Niagara River water, and
sediments. People also may be at risk by eating contaminated fish from the river.
The most significant off-site health threat would be from contaminants that
become airborne during site work activities. There is no public access to the site.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two phases: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1972, the site was capped, a fence was erected on three
sides, and a bulkhead along the Niagara River was installed.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination, under
EPA and State supervision, conducted an investigation into the nature and extent
of contamination at the site, including the landfill residues, off-site fill, shallow
groundwater, liquid waste, off-site soil, river sediments, and storm drains. The investigation
was completed in 1990. In late 1990, the EPA selected a remedy which includes the
installation of a synthetic lined cap; consolidation of off-site soils beneath the cap;
surrounding the waste mass with a slurry wall; dredging and incineration of highly
contaminated sediments; dredging, dewatering and consolidation, beneath the cap, of the
remaining contaminated sediments; recovery and treatment of groundwater; incineration of
any recovered liquids; monitoring; and restricting access to the site by installing additional
fencing. The potentially responsible parties began design of the EPA-selected remedy in late
1991.
Site Facts: In 1979, the U.S. Department of Justice, on behalf of the EPA, filed a law suit
against two parties potentially responsible for the site contamination to end the continuing
discharges and to clean up on- and off-site contamination. The parties, with EPA and State
guidance, agreed to conduct a study into the nature and extent of site contamination and to
recommend alternatives for site cleanup. In September 1991, the EPA issued an
Administrative Order requiring Occidental Chemical Corporation and Olin Chemical
Corporation to design the remedy and conduct site cleanup activities. The Canadian
government has shown a special interest in the site, since it is located near the Niagara River.
Due to the site's proximity and relationship to the Love Canal site, the selected remedy may
be affected by the technologies being used to complete the Love Canal site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
Fencing the site to restrict access, constructing a cap over the site, and installing the
bulkhead along the river to limit the migration of contaminants off site have limited the
potential of exposure to contaminants at the Hooker-102nd Street site. Design of the final
cleanup remedies began in late 1991.
March 1992 72 HOOKER - 102ND STREET
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Site Repository
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Region 9,
600 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, NY 142022
HOOKER - 102ND STREET
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March 1992
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HOOKER CHEMICA
S-AREA
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD980651087
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Niagara County
Along the Niagara River
The Hooker Chemical/S-Area site includes an 8-acre landfill owned by the Occidental
Chemical Corporation (OCC), which is located on the company's Buffalo Avenue plant in
Niagara Falls. OCC disposed of approximately 63,000 tons of chemical processing wastes into
the S-Area from 1947 to 1961. The S-Area also was used by OCC for disposal of other
wastes and debris, a practice that ended in 1975. Located east of the site is the City of
Niagara Falls Water Treatment Plant (CWTP). The S-Area Landfill lies atop approximately
30 feet of soil, clay, till, and manmade fill on an area reclaimed from the Niagara River. Two
lagoons for nonhazardous waste from plant operations are located on top of the landfill and
were operated under New York State permits until 1989, when OCC discontinued operating
these lagoons. During an inspection of the CWTP in 1969, chemicals were found in the
bedrock water intake structures. In 1978, sampling of the structures and of the bedrock water
intake tunnel revealed chemical contamination. Subsequently, the City of Niagara Falls took
action to safeguard its water processing system. The site is located in a heavily industrialized
area of Niagara Falls. There is a residential community of approximately 700 people within
1/4 mile northeast of the site. The CWTP serves an estimated 70,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
On- and off-site groundwater is contaminated from non-aqueous phase liquid.
On-site groundwater also is contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). On- and off-site soils are minimally contaminated. The main health threat
to people is the risk from eating fish from the lower Niagara River/Lake Ontario
Basin. Consumption of drinking water from the Niagara Falls Water Treatment
Plant is not presenting health risks at present. However, the site, because of its
proximity to the CWTP, presents a potential public health threat to the consumers
of drinking water from the plant.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three phases: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and construction of a water treatment plant.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The City closed the contaminated main intake tunnel and
put an emergency tunnel into service to alleviate the threat of contaminating
drinking water.
Entire Site: The EPA selected a containment and collection remedy to prevent
further chemical migration from the landfill and off-site areas toward the existing
drinking water treatment plant and into and under the Niagara River. The
selected remedy includes: (1) a barrier wall containment system to encompass the landfill and
adjacent off-site areas contaminated with chemicals in the upper 30 feet of unconsolidated
soils; (2) a collection system comprised of tile drains and pumping/recovery wells to collect
both aqueous and non-aqueous phase chemicals from the unconsolidated soils and the
underlying bedrock; (3) an on-site leachate storage tank facility for separating and storing the
aqueous and non-aqueous chemicals prior to treatment; (4) a carbon adsorption treatment
facility for contaminated groundwater; (5) incineration of non-aqueous phase chemicals; (6) a
final cap covering the site; and (7) monitoring programs to determine the effectiveness of the
remedy. Portions of the engineering design of the remedy have been completed. Initial
activities to install the cleanup technology systems began in 1990. The leachate storage tank
facility and the bedrock pumping/recovery wells have been constructed. The barrier wall and
the carbon adsorption treatment facility are currently being designed by the potentially
responsible parties. The construction of the barrier wall is expected to start in the Fall of
1992. All construction activity is scheduled for completion in 1997.
City of Niagara Falls Drinking Water Treatment Plant: To address
contamination at the existing drinking water treatment plant, the city of Niagara
Falls plans to construct a new plant immediately east of the current plant along
the Niagara River. An initial design for the proposed plant began in October 1990.
Construction of the new drinking water treatment plant is scheduled for 1994. The plant is
scheduled to be in operation in 1996. An interim water quality monitoring program is ongoing
at the existing CWTP and will continue until the new plant is operational.
Site Facts: In 1979, the U.S. Department of Justice, acting on behalf of the EPA, filed a
complaint against the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination. The State of
New York joined in the suit and a Settlement Agreement was signed by the parties in
January 1984. It was approved and entered by the District Court of Western New York in
April 1985. The Agreement called for a potentially responsible party to conduct an
investigation at the site, to recommend cleanup standards for the site, and to conduct site
cleanup activities. A second agreement was signed by the parties in September 1990 and
approved by the court in April 1991. This Agreement, which amends the original 1985
Settlement Agreement, includes an expanded cleanup program to address off-site areas and
the construction of a new drinking water treatment plant.
HOOKER CHEMICAL/ S-AREA 75 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The installation of an emergency intake tunnel to alleviate the threat to the main drinking
water supply around the Hooker Chemical/S-Area site reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated water. Portions of the selected remedy for the site have been constructed or
installed, including the leachate storage tank facility and the bedrock pumping/recovery wells.
The carbon adsorption treatment facility, barrier wall, and the City of Niagara Falls' new
drinking water treatment plant are currently in the design phase.
Site Repository
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Region 9, 600 Delaware
Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14202
March 1992
76
HOOKER CHEMICAL/ S-AREA
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HOOKER CHEMIC
RUCO POLYMER
CORP.
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD002920312
EPA REGION 2
Nassau County
Hicksville
Other Names:
Ruco Polymer Corp.
Site Description
The Hooker Chemical/Ruco Polymer Corp. site, in an industrial park area of Hicksville on
Long Island, has been used to manufacture plastics, latex, and esters since 1945. Liquid
wastes were discharged into sand sumps from 1951 to 1975. The sand sumps for Plant 2,
which manufactured polyvinyl chloride (PVCs) and latex, received approximately 2 million
gallons of wastewater per year from 1956 to 1975. In addition, unknown amounts of styrene
and butadiene were discharged from the latex processing. Reportedly, the dry well for Plant
1, used for the manufacture of esters, received wastewater containing mixed glycols and
alcohols. Currently, only cooling water is disposed of on site, while other wastes are sent off
site for disposal. Some glycol wastes are incinerated on site. Numerous leaks and spills of
chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have occurred, and solidified latex
materials are buried on site. Waste disposal and chemical spillage also have occurred at the
adjacent Grumman Aerospace Corporation Plant. The Hooker plant site is fenced, and
contaminated areas are accessible to only a few of the 90 employees at the facility. The site is
immediately over Long Island's sole water supply aquifer. Approximately 20,000 people live
within a mile of the site. One of the public water supply wells located within 3 miles of the
site serves 58,000 people. There are four public water supply wells within a mile of the site
and 24 wells within 3 miles.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater underlying the site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) such as vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene (TCE). Several private wells
located downgradient from the site are contaminated with vinyl chloride. On-site
soils are polluted with VOCs and PCBs. The greatest potential health risk is to
people who eat, drink, inhale, or come into direct contact with contaminants
during domestic use of groundwater.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the entire
site and cleanup of the PCB-contaminated soils.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for the site contamination currently
is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of groundwater
contamination at the site. The investigation will define the contaminants of
concern and will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. The investigation is planned to
be completed in 1994, after which the EPA will evaluate recommended alternatives and select
the most appropriate remedies for site cleanup.
PCB-Contaminated Soils: The potentially responsible party has completed an
investigation and submitted a study report to address the PCB-contaminated soils.
A remedy for this area was selected by the EPA in 1990. The remedy consists of
excavation and removal of all PCB-contaminated soils. Lesser contaminated soils will be
disposed of in a federally approved facility. Highly contaminated soils will be thermally treated
and disposed of off site. The excavated areas will be filled with clean fill and then paved over.
The potentially responsible parties completed the design of the remedy in early 1992 and
began cleanup activities shortly thereafter. The potentially responsible parties are expected to
complete cleanup by 1994.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA signed a Consent Order with a party potentially responsible
for the contamination on the site to conduct a study into the nature and extent of site
contamination and to recommend alternatives for final cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After listing the Hooker Chemical/Ruco site on the NPL, the EPA determined that no
immediate actions were required to reduce threats to the public or the environment while the
design for the cleanup of the soil is underway and further investigations into groundwater
contamination are taking place.
Site Repository
Hicksville Public Library, 169 Jerusalem Avenue, Hicksville, NY 11801
March 1992 78 HOOKER CHEMICAL/ HUGO POLYMER CORP.
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HUDSON RIVER
PCBs
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980763841
EPA REGION 2
Rensselaer, Washington, and
Saratoga Counties
Between Fort Edward and Troy
Site Description
The Hudson River PCBs site consists primarily of a 40-mile stretch of the Hudson River
between Fort Edward and Troy in Rensselaer, Washington, and Saratoga Counties. The
General Electric Co. discharged an estimated 1 million pounds of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) into the river from two capacitor manufacturing plants located in Hudson Falls and
Fort Edward. The State has identified 40 "hot spots," defined as sediments contaminated with
greater than 50 parts per million of PCBs. Also included in the site are five "remnant" areas,
which are river sediments that were exposed when the level of the river was lowered due to
the removal of the Fort Edward Dam. The Hudson River PCB contamination problem
potentially affects all waters, land, ecosystems, communities, and facilities located in or
immediately adjacent to the 200-mile stretch of river from Hudson Falls to the Battery Park
in New York City. In 1976, due to concern over the bioaccumulation of PCBs in fish and
other aquatic organisms and their possible consumption by people, the State of New York
banned fishing in the Upper Hudson River between Albany and Fort Edward, and
commercial fishing of striped bass in the Lower Hudson. Albany, the largest city in the basin,
has a population of more than 100,000 people; the Town of Fort Edward has a population of
6,480. Land uses in the Hudson River Basin include agriculture, service, and manufacturing,
in addition to residential. The Hudson River is an important source of hydroelectric power,
public water supplies, transportation, and recreation. The Cities of Waterford, Poughkeepsie,
and Rhinebeck and the Highland and the Port Ewen Water Districts obtain their water
supplies directly from the Hudson River. In addition, a water intake near Chelsea, which is
north of Beacon, may be used to supplement New York City's water supplies during periods
of drought. The Town of Waterford obtains water from the Upper Hudson River, which is
the only municipal water supply intake below Fort Edward and above the Troy Dam.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
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March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
The sediments and water in the river are contaminated with PCBs from discharges
originating from two capacitor manufacturing plants. Elevated concentrations of
PCBs are found in the air and the soil at the remnant areas and the former dump
sites for dredged sediments. Fish in the Hudson River have been contaminated
with PCBs. The contaminated water, sediment, and soil could pose a health hazard
to individuals who accidentally ingest or touch it. Eating contaminated fish also
could pose a public health risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases directed at cleanup of the entire site, including the river sediments.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1977 and 1978, an estimated 180,000 cubic yards of
contaminated sediments were dredged from the east channel at Fort Edward, and,
along with approximately 14,000 cubic yards of highly contaminated sediments
from one of the remnant areas, were placed in a clay-lined containment cell. A 40-mile
stretch of the Upper Hudson River is under a fishing ban, and the Lower Hudson River has
a commercial fishing ban on striped bass and an advisory for other species.
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for the contamination has
conducted an interim cleanup of the remnant deposits. The remedy chosen for this
site was in-place containment of remnant shoreline deposits. This included
covering the affected areas with a layer of impermeable clay, contained between
polypropylene fabric and a 2-foot thick layer of soil, followed by grading and seeding to
minimize erosion. The river banks were stabilized with rock to prevent scouring. Cap
construction has been completed. Construction of gates to limit site access was completed in
the 1992. The EPA currently is reviewing this portion of the site for final approval of its
cleanup.
River Sediments: The EPA is reassessing an interim "no action" decision for the
contaminated river sediments and is evaluating cleanup alternatives. The study has
been divided into three phases. The first phase, consisting mainly of the review of
existing data was completed in late 1991. The entire phased study should be completed by
late 1993. In addition, the EPA has established an extensive community interaction program
for the site.
March 1992 80 HUDSON RIVER PCBs
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Site Facts: Notice letters were sent out to two parties potentially responsible for the
contamination. General Electric agreed to implement the in-place containment remedy for
the remnant deposits and to reimburse the EPA for any costs incurred for that portion of the
site remedy.
Environmental Progress
Cap construction has been completed at the remnant deposits area of the Hudson River
PCBs site to prevent exposure to contaminants by direct contact or inhalation. In addition,
the Bank stabilization should minimize the flow of PCBs entering the river from the remnant
deposits. Further studies on the river sediments are underway.
Site Repository
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Central Office, 50 Wolf Road,
Room 409, Albany, NY 12233.
HUDSON RIVER PCBs
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March 1992
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ISLIP MUNICIPAL
SANITARY LAN
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980506901
EGION 2
uffolk County
iydenburgh Road, Long Island
Other Names:
lydenburgh Road Landfill
Site Description
The Islip Municipal Sanitary Landfill covers approximately 55 acres in the Town of Islip. The
surrounding area is entirely residential, except for a golf course immediately to the east of the
landfill. The town has operated the landfill since 1963. In 1978, Hickey Carting disposed of 50
or more 55-gallon drums containing a mixture of tetrachloroethene and other liquids at the
site. The drums were buried in the highest part of the site. In 1979, the New York
Commissioner of Environmental Conservation fined Hickey Carting for accepting and
disposing of the drums. The landfill stopped receiving waste in December 1990. The methane
gas within the landfill is being recovered, converted into electricity, flared, and vented.
According to tests conducted by the Suffolk County Health Department in 1980, the private
wells adjacent to the landfill are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In
1981, the Town of Islip connected these residents to a permanent public water supply. A
resident located downgradient of the site is being supplied with bottled water until the
hookup to a permanent public water supply is completed. An estimated 75,000 people draw
drinking water from Suffolk County Authority wells, as well as from numerous private wells.
All of these wells are within 3 miles of the landfill. Two day care centers are located nearby.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including tetrachloroethene and vinyl
chloride. The site is located above a shallow aquifer. Site contaminants have been
identified in the aquifer and may have contaminated the underlying deeper aquifer.
These aquifers are the sole sources of water for the Suffolk County public water
supplies and private wells used for domestic purposes. Ingesting contaminated
water or inhaling its vapors could pose a health threat.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Residents have been connected to a permanent public water
supply by the Town of Islip. A portion of the site has been capped under State
authority.
Entire Site: A joint effort between the party potentially responsible for the
contamination of the site and the State to investigate the nature and extent of
contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup began in 1987 and is
expected to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: In January 1983, a Consent Judgment was entered between the State and the
Town of Islip to close, cap, and recover gas at the landfill. The Town of Islip signed an
Interim Order of Consent with the State of New York on May 12, 1987, which outlined
requirements for options to recycle waste, to close the landfill, or to expand the landfill.
On December 18, 1990, the Town of Islip ceased landfilling of municipal solid wastes. A
complete closure program of the entire landfilled area, including capping, methane gas
recovery, groundwater treatment, and monitoring activities is being implemented as required
by a Consent Order with the State of New York.
Environmental Progress
The EPA determined, based on initial evaluations, that no immediate actions were required
at the Islip Municipal Sanitary Landfill site while investigations leading to the selection of
final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Central Islip Public Library, 33 Hawthorne Avenue, Central Islip, NY 11722
ISLIP MUNICIPAL SANITARY LANDFILL 83 March 1992
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JOHNSTOWN
CITY LANDFIL
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980506927
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Fulton County
1 1/2 miles northwest of
Johnstown City
The Johnstown City Landfill covers 68 acres. From 1947 to 1960, it was the site of an open
municipal dump. This unlined landfill accepted industrial wastes from local tanneries and
textile plants from 1960 until mid-1977. Johnstown City operated the site as an unlicensed
municipal landfill. The landfill also accepted sludge from the city's wastewater treatment plant
from 1973 to 1979. The sewage sludge on site contains high concentrations of chromium,
iron, and lead. Groundwater in monitoring wells on the site is contaminated, and various
seeps of leachate have occurred. Johnstown City is a residential community of 29,000 people,
1,000 of whom live within a 1-mile radius of the site. There are 10 homes within 1,000 feet of
the site, all of which have private wells. The closest of these wells is within 150 feet of the
site's northern border and is contaminated.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
Methane gas has been escaping into the air from the landfill. Monitoring wells on
site contain chlorides and heavy metals including chromium, lead, and zinc. Wells
off site also contain heavy metals, as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and phenol. Chromium, lead, and iron contaminate the soils on site. Lead, copper,
and benzene have been found in Matthew Creek. On-site workers could be at risk
by inhaling air that contains contaminated dust particles or by touching
contaminated groundwater, surface water, or soils. People off site could be at risk
if they ingest contaminated groundwater or touch contaminated surface water and
soil, but private well contamination has not been high enough to warrant an
advisory. The headwaters of Matthew Creek flow south from the landfill and are
located within 500 feet of the site. The landfill's release of leachate may have
contributed to fish kills in the creek.
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March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The City of Johnstown is investigating the site under a State-issued
order. The first phase of a field investigation was completed in April 1990, under
the State's guidance. The study to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the site is expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA sent Notice Letters to 14 parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination and the City of Johnstown in 1987. The City is participating in the cleanup
process. On three separate occasions, methane gas was detected in the air to the northeast of
the site at levels that could cause an explosion. This prompted local health officials to test
individual homes in the site's immediate area. Test results have shown that the houses were
free of methane.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Johnstown City Landfill to the NPL, the EPA performed a preliminary
evaluation of the site conditions and determined that no immediate actions are necessary
while investigations leading to selection of a final remedy are taking place.
Site Repository
Johnstown Public Library, 38 South Market Street, Johnstown, NY 12095
JOHNSTOWN CITY LANDFILL 85 March 1992
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JONES CHEMICA
INC.
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD000813428
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Livingston County
100 Sunny Sol Blvd., Caledonia
The Jones Chemicals, Inc. site is a 10-acre chemical manufacturing plant that repackaged
chlorine from bulk containers into cylinders from 1942 to 1960. In 1960, Jones Chemicals, Inc.
repackaged solvents including trichloroethylene (TCE). As part of this process, the plant
installed aboveground bulk storage tanks on the site. In 1972, the plant converted
underground tanks to store solvents. Jones Chemicals, Inc. stopped repackaging solvents in
1985. The plant now produces sodium hypochlorite solutions and ammonium hydroxide. It
also repackages chlorine, ammonia, inorganic mineral acids, sodium hypochlorite, ammonium
hydroxide, and caustic soda. Throughout the plant's operating years, the company spilled
many of these chemicals while repackaging them. The New York State Department of Health
detected TCE and chloroform in three on-site wells in tests conducted in 1986. These spills
also contaminated off-site wells, including the groundwater supply for the Village of
Caledonia. Spring Creek is a tributary of Oatka Creek and is within a mile downslope of the
site. Local area residents use the creek for recreational activities. This community is primarily
residential and has a population of 2,250. Between 2,500 and 3,000 people obtain drinking
water from wells within 3 miles of the site. A freshwater wetland is also within a mile of the
site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including
tetrachloroethene, TCE, and chloroform, as a direct result of chemical spills to the
ground. Soils contain VOCs including methylene chloride and TCE. People could
become exposed to hazardous chemicals through the continued use of Caledonia's
groundwater supply system as a source of drinking water.
86
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Jones Chemicals, Inc. removed three underground storage
tanks in 1985. An air stripper system will be installed in early 1993 as a pilot test.
The air stripper is expected to reduce the concentration of groundwater
contaminants.
Entire Site: In early 1991, under EPA monitoring, the potentially responsible
parties began conducting an investigation to determine the extent of
contamination at the site. This study is expected to be completed in late 1993, at
which time the EPA will evaluate the results and will recommend the final cleanup remedy.
Site Facts: The EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent for the site study in early
1991, requiring the potentially responsible parties to investigate site contamination and to
develop alternatives for final cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The removal of underground storage tanks has reduced the potential for further
contamination at the Jones Chemicals, Inc. site while detailed investigations leading to the
selection of a final cleanup remedy are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
JONES CHEMICALS, INC.
87
March 1992
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JONES SANITATi0NKT:n EPDA, ^GION 2
\ u>-H-r< Dutchess County
NEW YORK } ° LTTcn Cardina| Road-in Hvde Park
EPA ID* NYD980534556 ^ kH^] Other Names:
Jones Septic Site
Site Description
The Jones Sanitation site occupies 10 acres in a rural part of Dutchess County. The owner
opened the site in 1956 to dispose of septic and industrial wastes and continued this practice
until a new owner took over the site in 1977. From the early 1960s through 1979, the landfill
accepted industrial liquid wastes and sludges that Alfa-Laval, formerly known as the DeLaval
Separator Co. of Poughkeepsie, generated. These materials were oils and greases, acids,
alkalis, solvents, metals from plating operations, pigments, phenols, and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including methylene chloride, chloroform and trichloroethylene (TCE).
The landfill accepted about 77,000 gallons of liquid industrial waste per month from
Alfa-Laval from 1972 until 1979. As many as 30 disposal pits may have been used at one
time. The site now accepts only septic wastes from commercial firms. According to the
Dutchess County Health Department, disposal practices on site were not adequate to control
discharges of hazardous substances onto the ground. The current owner excavated the
disposal pits and piled the contents on the ground without a liner. Maritje Kill and other
associated wetlands in the area cross the property approximately 150 feet downgradient of the
disposal area. Two springs are located west of the site. One spring reportedly produces 75
gallons per minute and serves Roosevelt School. The other serves domestic herds at the
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site. There are 1,135 people within 1 mile of the site,
and 9,485 people live within 3 miles, all of whom obtain water from 23 wells within 3 miles of
the site. The nearest water supply well is 1,000 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 07/22/87
88 March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water contain inorganic materials from the disposal
areas, including heavy metals such as chromium, copper, lead, cadmium, and
mercury, as well as oils, grease, and VOCs. Soil also contains inorganic materials
from the disposal areas, as well as oils, grease, and VOCs. The supplemental water
supply for Hyde Park is located 2,500 feet from the site. Although the EPA has
sampled all water supplies in the area and has found them currently safe for all
uses, the potential for people to be exposed to contaminated groundwater exists.
The site is unfenced, making it possible for people and animals to come into direct
contact with hazardous substances. The site is unfenced, making it possible for
people and animals to come into direct contact with hazardous substances. People
also may be at risk from eating local animals or fish that come into contact with
possibly contaminated surface waters.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA took over the management of the site response and
investigations from the State in 1990. The potentially responsible parties began
conducting the site study to determine the extent of contamination in 1991. The
study is expected to be completed in late 1993, at which time selection of a final cleanup
remedy will be made.
Site Facts: In June 1978, the owner/operator of the site submitted an application for a
permit under the State Pollution Discharge Elimination System (SPDES). When the State
denied the permit, the owner/operator submitted a SPDES permit application for subsurface
discharge of septic waste. The EPA issued an Administrative Order in 1991, in which
Alfa-Laval, Inc. and Jones Sanitation agreed to conduct the site study.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Jones Sanitation site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary
investigations and determined that the site poses no immediate threats to the surrounding
community or environment while investigations leading to selection of the final cleanup
remedy are undertaken.
JONES SANITATION 89 March 1992
-------
Site Repository
Hyde Park Town Hall, 627 Albany Post Road, Hyde Park, NY 12538
March 1992
90
JONES SANITATION
-------
KATONAH
MUNICIPAL
WELL
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980780795
Site Description —
The Katonah Municipal Well site is located on a peninsula that extends into the Muscoot
Reservoir, which supplies drinking water to New York City. The well, which has a main shaft
approximately 9 feet in diameter and 32 feet deep, was designed to draw water from the
underlying aquifer. The County Health Department first discovered contaminants in the
Katonah Well in 1978, at which time it was taken out of service. By 1979, the possible
sources of the contamination were traced to four nearby dry cleaning establishments that
were served by septic systems. The County worked with the owners to correct the problems
and to remove the sources. Several attempts at pumping the well to remove the
contamination from the aquifer have been unsuccessful. The Katonah Municipal Well is part
of the Bedford Water and Storage System, and residences and businesses are required by
ordinance to tie into the public supply. The Katonah Municipal Well had supplied
approximately 6,000 residents with water for domestic use. The population of Bedford is
15,000. The residential portion of the village is located to the west of the well and extends for
several blocks.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The primary contaminant in the groundwater is the volatile organic compound
(VOC) tetrachloroethylene, which is believed to have been generated by the
nearby dry cleaning operations. Sediments and soils around the site were
contaminated with chlorinated solvents, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Metals including
nickel, lead, zinc, and copper also were detected in the soils and sediments. The
contaminated groundwater, soil, and sediments may have adversely affected the
health of individuals around the site if accidentally touched or swallowed. Also, the
two surface water bodies in the area, the Muscoot Reservoir and Katonah Brook,
could have become contaminated from migrating pollutants if cleanup actions were
not taken.
91 March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The following actions were selected by the EPA to clean up the site:
installation of a new production well adjacent to the abandoned well; filling and
sealing of the abandoned Katonah Well; installation and operation of an on-site
air stripping facility to remove contaminants from the aquifer, with discharge of treated water
to the Bedford consolidated water distribution system; establishment of a monitoring program
to detect residual contamination of treated water; and recommendations to the Town of
Bedford to remove trash and debris located on the peninsula. The Town of Bedford
completed the technical specification for the cleanup in March 1990. Construction is now
complete. Following testing through the Initial Testing Program, the treated water is being
discharged to the Bedford consolidated water distribution system for public use. Groundwater
treatment will continue until established cleanup goals for the site are met.
Site Facts: In June 1988, the EPA entered into a Consent Order with the Town of Bedford
to implement the technical design for the cleanup remedies. In September 1988, the EPA
issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to the other four potentially responsible parties. In
July 1989, the EPA entered into a Consent Decree with the Town of Bedford to clean up the
site.
Environmental Progress
Constructing the new production well, plugging and abandoning the Katonah well, and
operating a new water treatment facility have eliminated risks at the Katonah Municipal Well
site.
Site Repository
Bedford Hills Free Library, 26 Main Street, Bedford Hills, NY 10507
March 1992 92 KATONAH MUNICIPAL WELL
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KENMARK TE
CORP.
NEW YORK
EPAID#NYD075784165
Site Description
PA REGION 2
Suffolk County
Farmingdale
The 5-acre Kenmark Textile Corp. site, formerly known as Jayne Textile Printing Corporation
and Mitchel Screening Printing Corporation and now occupied by the Susquehanna Textile
Corporation, conducts screen manufacturing and fabric handling and washing. Wastewater
generated in the manufacturing process was disposed of in a leaching pit. The sludge from
the wastewater was fed to sludge drying beds for settling and drying, and then drummed prior
to disposal. Three subsurface leaching pools also are located at the site. A wide range of
chemical dyes and washing chemicals including base dyes, acetic acid, citric acid, and
chromate solutions have been used in site operations since 1972. The State issued a permit
requiring Kenmark to treat its wastewater before discharging it to the municipal sewer. In
1981, the Suffolk County Department of Health temporarily closed the Kenmark Textile
Corp. for illegal storage of hazardous waste. The site currently is occupied by the
Susquehanna Textile Corp., which discharges its wastes into the municipal sewer system.
About 10,000 people living within a mile of the site depend on groundwater as the only
source of drinking water. The nearest residential area is located within 650 feet of the site.
Public water supply is available for most residents in the area. A manmade pond located on
Broad Hollow Road is about 500 feet southeast of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Lead and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been detected in groundwater
in concentrations exceeding Federal and New York State drinking water standards.
Heavy metals including chromium, lead and zinc have been detected in samples
obtained from the leaching pit, leaching pools -and sludge drying bed area. The
greatest health threat to people is exposure to contaminated groundwater, either
by drinking it or coming into direct contact with it. There is a potential health
threat to site employees through exposure to contaminated soils and groundwater.
At present, the facility receives its potable water through a municipal water supply.
93
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Susquehanna Textile Corp., a tenant at the site, has
removed some of the contaminated materials from the surface. More than 50
drums containing hydroxide sludge were stored on site but have since been
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination, under
EPA monitoring, currently are conducting a study into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. The study will define the contaminants of concern and
will be the basis for recommending alternatives for final cleanup. The investigation is
expected to be completed in 1993, after which the EPA will select the most appropriate
remedies for site cleanup.
Site Facts: The State negotiated with Kenmark Textile Corp. to properly treat its wastes,
discharge them into the municipal sewer system, and remove drums containing hazardous
wastes. In October 1987, the State and potentially responsible parties signed an order
requiring the parties to conduct a study at the site. In July 1991, the EPA and the potentially
responsible parties signed an order requiring the parties to complete the study initiated under
State supervision.
Environmental Progress
By removing drums containing contaminants and other visible contaminated materials from
the surface, the Kenmark Textile Corp. site has been made safer to the surrounding public
and the environment while further investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup
remedy are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 94 KENMARK TEXTILE CORP.
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KENTUCKY
AVENUE
WELL FIELD
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980650667
EPA REGION 2
Chemung County
Near Horseheads
Site Description
The Kentucky Avenue Well Field was developed in 1962 as part of the Elmira Water Board
system, which supplies water to over 60,000 residents in Elmira, Elmira Heights, and
Horseheads. The 59-acre site is at the confluence of two major valleys within the Chemung
River Basin in the south-central part of the county. The well field overlies the Newtown
Creek aquifer and includes three test wells and a production well. The well field was closed in
1980 because it was found to be contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). Private drinking
water wells in the area also were found to be contaminated. The Elmira Water Board is using
temporary alternative water supplies, instead of the Kentucky Avenue wells, to supply
residents. Two remaining residences have refused connection. There are an estimated 11,000
people living within a mile of the site. The area surrounding the site is a combination of
residential, commercial, and industrial areas, with little or no agricultural activity.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/23/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
TCE was found throughout the Newton Creek aquifer. Private wells near the site
are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including TCE,
benzene, and chloroform. Sediment samples from the ponds and streams northwest
and south of the Old Horseheads Landfill showed high concentrations of inorganic
contamination and heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, and chromium.
Concentrations of VOCs were detected in discharge waters (surface runoff) to
Newtown Creek. Potential health threats include drinking, inhaling fumes from, or
direct coming in contact with contaminated groundwater by users of private wells.
Contamination of the ponds and streams may harm the wildlife inhabiting the area.
95
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases directed at cleaning up the groundwater, determining and cleaning up the source of
the site contamination, and cleaning up the Westinghouse facility.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, 1986, and 1989, the EPA provided alternate water
supplies to residences that were affected by groundwater contamination. These
actions involved temporarily supplying 25 residences with bottled water and
connecting approximately 50 affected residences to the public water distribution system.
Disconnected wells were closed to prevent further use.
Groundwater: The EPA selected a remedy to address groundwater
contamination which includes installation of monitoring wells upstream of the
Sullivan Street wells to follow the movement of the contaminant plumes in the
Newtown Creek aquifer and quarterly sampling of these wells. These activities were
completed in 1990. An additional 45 residences affected by contaminated groundwater were
connected to the public water supply. Currently, an air stripper is being installed at the
Sullivan Street Well to treat the water to drinking water standards. Installation is expected to
be completed in late 1993.
Source Identification: Based on site investigations, the EPA selected a remedy
to address the source in 1990. The remedy to restore the Kentucky Avenue Well
Field includes the installation of extraction wells downgradient of the
Westinghouse plant to intercept and contain the contaminated plume and treatment of the
groundwater to drinking water standards. The parties potentially responsible for site
contamination began designing the selected remedy in late 1991. They will construct the
water treatment plant following completion of the design. Sources of groundwater
contamination also are being investigated at the nearby Facet Enterprises, Inc. NPL site.
Westinghouse Facility: In late 1991, the potentially responsible parties began a
study of the nature and degree of contamination of the source areas at the
Westinghouse facility as well as of the groundwater plume.
Site Facts: On April 18, 1991 the EPA served the potentially responsible parties with a
complaint requesting the recovery of past costs. In June 1991, the EPA issued a Unilateral
Order to Westinghouse requiring it to design and implement the selected remedy for cleaning
up the source area. The EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to Westinghouse in
August 1991 requiring it to conduct the investigation of the Westinghouse facility and
groundwater plume.
March 1992 96 KENTUCKY AVENUE WELL FIELD
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Environmental Progress
Providing a safe drinking water source to the residents affected by the contaminated well
water has reduced the risk of exposure to hazardous materials in the groundwater while final
cleanup actions continue at the Kentucky Avenue Well Field site and further investigations
are taking place.
Site Repository
Horseheads Town Hall, 150 Wygant Road, Horseheads, NY 14845
KENTUCKY AVENUE WELL FIELD
97
March 1992
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LI TUNGSTEN r^A EP* REG|ON 2
rv^H \^—,—i Nassau County
CORPORATION
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD986882660
Site Description
The Li Tungsten Corporate site is 26 acres in size and located in an industrial area along the
north bank of Glen Cove Creek. The site was owned from the 1940's to approximately 1984
by the Wah Chang Smelting and Refining Company and was last operated by its wholly
owned subsidiary, the Li Tungsten Corp. Operations involved processing ore and scrap
tungsten concentrates to ammonium paratungstate (APT) and subsequently formulating APT
to metal tungsten powder and tungsten carbide powder. Other specialty products such as
tungsten carbide powder plus cobalt, tungsten titanium carbide powder, tungsten spray
powder, crystalline tungsten powder, and molybdenum spray powder were also produced. In
1984, Glen Cove Development Co. (GCDC) purchased the property for the purpose of
developing a residential area. One year later, Li Tungsten filed for protection under Chapter
11 of the Federal bankruptcy code and closed operations at the plant facility. In 1988, GCDC
performed extensive initial cleanup activities at the site. As part of these actions, sampling of
10 existing monitoring wells resulted in the identification of four contaminant plumes in on-
site groundwater which is part of the Upper Glacial Aquifer. Heavy metals and waste water
were discovered in one of the plumes. Numerous contaminants also were detected in on-site
monitoring wells. Additional site investigations were undertaken by the New York State
Department of Environmental Control (NYDEC) in 1989, the results of which indicated that
considerable contamination remained at the site, including: an estimated 100 drums
containing contaminants such as cyanide, acids, and alkalis; numerous storage tanks holding
chemicals of an unknown nature; 26 pressurized cylinders containing chemicals; leaking
transformers, suspected of containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); waste piles with
elevated radiation levels; tungsten ore stored in wooden crates and drums, some of which
were broken; and asbestos fibers from decaying tank covers and pipe-wrapping materials.
Contaminated materials leaking from an on-site pond have scarred the site's surface. Public
and private wells within 4 miles of the site serve as the drinking water source for an
estimated 51,000 people; the nearest well is slightly more than a mile from the site.
-.. _ ...... _ . . . , . ,, . . , NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 7/29/91
98 March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
The plumes discovered in contaminated groundwater contain heavy metals.
Chlorides, sulfates, lead, cadmium, tungsten, chromium, arsenic, barium, silver, and
PCBs were detected in on-site monitoring wells. Drums containing liquids are
believed to be contaminated with cyanide, acids, and alkalis. Waste piles on site
have elevated radiation levels. Individuals may be at risk of drinking contaminated
groundwater or touching contaminated liquids or soils on site.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
which will focus on comprehensive site cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In early 1988, GCDC conducted initial cleanup actions.
Fifty tanks were inspected to determine if they were secure against rupture and
leakage. Two questionably secure tanks and one tank truck of ammonia were
removed from the site. Over 100 drums containing acids, organics, and waste oil were
overpacked or staged and then disposed of off site. Identifiable laboratory chemicals also
were packed and removed from the site. A 24-hour security system has been installed at the
site. GCDC also installed 13 new monitoring wells at this time. In response to the EPA's
1989 Administrative Order, GCDC removed drums, tank contents, laboratory chemicals, and
electrical transformers from the site.
Entire Site: Additional cleanup actions will be determined following the
completion of a comprehensive investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site, scheduled to begin in 1992.
Site Facts: The EPA filed an Administrative Order of Consent on July 21, 1989 requiring
GCDC to conduct initial cleanup actions at the site. GCDC complied with the Order in 1990.
Environmental Progress
GCDC's extensive efforts to contain the source of contamination and remove site
contaminants have resulted in reduction of immediate health risks to nearby residents and
workers while additional site studies are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
LI TUNGSTEN CORPORATION 99 March 1992
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LIBERTY INDUS!
FINISHING
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD000337295
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Nassau County
Farmingdale
Liberty Industrial Finishing is an abandoned site covering approximately 30 acres of land in a
former industrial park. Since the late 1930s, industrial operations at the site have included the
manufacture of aircraft parts and trailers, and metal plating and finishing operations,
including anodizing, electroplating, dying, and painting. Numerous industrial and light
industrial businesses have leased and continue to lease space at the site. The sludge-drying
lagoon, leaching basins, former finishing and production vats, and the stormwater basin are
just some of the contaminated areas. Incidents of poor housekeeping and disposal practices
also have been documented at this location. In 1977, the State found Liberty in violation of
the discharge limits of its permit. Liberty was ordered to clean up the site in 1978, but did not
comply. In 1984, Four J's Company acquired title to the site from Liberty Industrial.
Approximately 20,200 people live within 1 mile of the site. About 90,000 people draw drinking
water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The site is located approximately 1 mile south of
the Bethpage State Park. The nearest residence is within 500 feet of the site and fifty homes
are 400 yards away. Massapequa Creek is 3,000 feet south of the site and is used for
recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium and
chromium and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as dichloroethene and
dichloromethane. People who drink water from contaminated wells may be at risk.
Accidentally ingesting or touching contaminated soil also may pose a health
hazard. Pollutants from the site have migrated into Massapequa Creek. Wildlife in
or near the creek may be harmed by the contaminated runoff from the site. In
addition, people who use the creek for recreation may suffer adverse health effects
by touching or accidentally ingesting the water.
100
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The potentially responsible party removed contaminated
soils and sludges from the leaching basins, stormwater basin, and the sludge
lagoon.
Entire Site: The Four J's, under State supervision, conducted an investigation to
determine the extent of the contamination at the site. However, additional studies
measuring the full extent of on- and off-site contamination will be needed before
remedies are selected for the site cleanup. The EPA currently is performing these studies,
which are scheduled for completion by 1993.
Site Facts: In September 1978, Liberty Industrial Finishing entered into a Consent
Agreement with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(NYSDEC) to clean up the site. It failed to comply with the Agreement. Subsequently, in
April 1985, NYSDEC issued a Consent Order to Four J's Company, then owner of the site,
requiring it to conduct a study of site contamination. The Four J's Company's study plan was
determined to be inadequate because it did not address all on- or off-site contamination. In
March 1987, NYSDEC issued a second Order, this time to 55 Motor Avenue Co., which
manages the site, to remove contaminated soils and sludges in disposal basins at the site.
Under the second Order, contaminated soils and sludges have been removed from the
recharge basins, and other disposal areas at the site. The EPA currently is determining the
full extent of the on- and off-site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and sludges from the disposal basins has reduced the
threats to the public and the environment posed by the site. Investigations leading to the
selection of a cleanup remedy for the site currently are being conducted. Until these
investigations are completed and the actual cleanup activities are started, the EPA has
determined that the Liberty Industrial Finishing site poses no immediate threats to the
surrounding community or the environment.
Site Repository
Southern Farmingdale Branch Library, Merritt Road and Boundry Avenue,
Farmingdale, NY 11735
LIBERTY INDUSTRIAL FINISHING 101 March 1992
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LOVE CANAL xTffl E™ REG|ON 2
> ^YrT f Niagara County
NEW YORK f^^^^Hl Niagara Fa,ls
EPA ID# NYD000606947^I^fO;- " F Other Names:
Hooker Chemicals Love Canal
Site Description
The fenced 70-acre Love Canal site contains a 16-acre hazardous waste landfill with a 3-foot
cap located in an area that was excavated in the 1890s to provide hydroelectric power.
Beginning in 1942, the landfill was used by Hooker Chemicals and Plastics (now Occidental
Chemical Corporation) for the disposal of over 21,000 tons of various chemical wastes,
including dioxins. Dumping ceased in 1952, and the following year the area was covered and
deeded to the Niagara Falls Board of Education. The area near the site was extensively
developed, which included the construction of an elementary school and numerous homes.
Problems with odors and residues, first reported in the 1960s, increased in the 1970s as the
water table rose, bringing contaminated groundwater to the surface. Studies indicate that
numerous toxic chemicals migrated into the surrounding area directly adjacent to the original
disposal site. Runoff drained into the Niagara River approximately 3 miles upstream of the
intake tunnels for the Niagara Falls water treatment plant. Dioxin and other contaminants
migrated from Love Canal to the sewers, which had outfalls into nearby creeks.
Approximately 950 families were evacuated from a 10-square-block area surrounding the
canal. Approximately 10,000 people are located within a mile of Love Canal; 70,000 live
within 3 miles. The Niagara Falls water treatment plant serves 77,000 people. The site is 1/4
mile north of the Niagara River.
o:+« D« ~ ••KM-* -ru- v • u • AA A .u u LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Creek and sewer sediments were contaminated with dioxins; however, these
contaminants have been removed. The soils in the original Love Canal landfill are
contaminated with VOCs including, toluene and xylenes; other organics, including
dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides; and heavy metals
including arsenic. The Niagara River and Black, Bergholtz, and Cayuga Creeks
were contaminated with VOCs and other organics. Direct contact with or ingestion
of contaminated water, sediments, or soils may present a risk. Contaminants have
leached into the Niagara River and people who use it for recreational activities
may be exposed to pollutants. In addition, the wildlife in or near the river may be
affected.
102 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in seven stages: initial actions and six long-term remedial phases
focusing on the cleanup of the landfill containment; sewers, creeks, and berms; thermal
treatment of sewers and creeks; cleanup of the 93rd Street School; home maintenance; and
buyout of homes.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1978, the State installed a system to collect leachate from the
site. The landfill area was covered and fenced and a treatment plant was
constructed. In 1981, the EPA erected a fence around Black Creek and
conducted environmental studies.
Landfill Containment: In 1982, the EPA selected a remedy to contain the
landfill by constructing a barrier drain and a leachate collection system; covering
the temporary clay cap with a synthetic material to prevent rain from coming into
contact with the buried wastes; demolishing the contaminated houses adjacent to the landfill,
as well as a nearby school; conducting more studies to determine the best way to proceed
with cleanup; and monitoring to make sure the cleanup activities are effective. The State
installed the 40-acre cap, and improved the leachate collection and treatment system, which
included constructing the treatment facility. Some of the sewers also were cleaned. These
cleanup activities were completed in 1985.
Sewers, Creeks, and Berms: In 1985, the EPA implemented a remedy to clean
up the sewers and the creeks by hydraulically cleaning sewers, removing and
disposing of the contaminated sediments, and inspecting the sewers for defects that
could allow contaminants to migrate; repairing a damaged floodgate; and limiting access,
dredging, and hydraulically cleaning the Black Creek culverts. The sediments from sewers and
creeks currently are being stored within the Occidental Chemical Corporation's Niagara Falls
facility and are awaiting final incineration. The State cleaned 62,000 linear feet of storm and
sanitary sewers in 1986. An additional 6,000 feet were cleaned in 1987. In 1989, Black Creek
and Bergholtz Creek were dredged of 12,000 cubic yards of sediments, clean riprap was
placed in the creeks' beds, and the State installed a sediment erosion berm. Black Creek and
Bergholtz Creek were fenced.
Thermal Treatment of Sewers and Creeks: In 1987, the EPA selected a
remedy to treat the contaminants in the sewers and creeks by constructing an
on-site facility to dewater and contain the sediments, plus constructing a separate
facility to treat the dewatered contaminants through high temperature thermal destruction;
treating the residuals stored on the site from the leachate treatment facility; and disposing of
non-hazardous residuals from the thermal destruction treatment on the site. The State
completed the design of the technical specifications for thermally treating the contaminated
sediments in the sewers and creeks in 1990.
LOVE CANAL 103 March 1992
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93rd Street School: The remedy selected by the EPA in 1988 to clean up the
93rd Street School involved excavating about 7,500 cubic yards of contaminated
soil adjacent to the school. This remedy has been re-evaluated due to concerns
raised by the Niagara Falls Board of Education. An amendment to the remedy was made in
1991 selecting excavation and off-site disposal of the contaminated soil as the alternative
remedy. The State finalized the technical design plans and specifications to excavate and
transport the soil off-site. Construction is currently underway and is expected to be completed
in late 1992.
Home Maintenance: As a result of the contamination at Love Canal, the
Federal government and the State of New York purchased the affected homes.
These properties are being maintained to prevent their deterioration prior to
resale. The Love Canal Area Revitalization Agency (LCARA) is conducting the maintenance
of the homes under an EPA Cooperative Agreement. The sale of these homes currently is
underway, and 25 of the new home owners have already moved into their homes. LCARA is
the coordinating agency in charge of the home sales.
Buyout of Homes: LCARA has purchased properties, including houses, outside
those purchased under the Federal Emergency Management Agency loan/grant.
The buyout program is currently inactive. Depending on the decisions made by the
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation regarding the non-habitable
areas of the Emergency Declaration Area (EDA), the EPA expects to extend the home buy-
out program through 1993.
Site Facts : In 1989 Occidental Chemical Corporation, the Federal government, and the
State of New York, entered into a Consent Decree to delineate cleanup actions for the
processing, bagging, and storing of the creeks' sediments, as well as other Love Canal wastes,
including the sewer sediments. In addition, under a Cooperative Agreement with the EPA,
LCARA is conducting the maintenance of the affected homes.
Environmental Progress
In 1988, the EPA issued the Love Canal EDA Habitability Study, a comprehensive sampling
study of the EDA - seven areas surrounding the actual Love Canal site - to evaluate the risk
posed by the site. Subsequent to the final report of the Habitability Study, the New York
State Department of Health issued a Decision on Habitability, based on the Study's findings.
The Habitability Decision concluded that three areas of the EDA are not suitable for
habitation without cleanup, but may be used for commercial and/or industrial purposes, and
that the other four areas of the EDA may be used for residential purposes. Many cleanup
activities, including landfill containment, home relocation, and treatment of contaminants in
sewers and creeks, have been completed at the Love Canal site. These completed actions
have eliminated all surface contamination at the site, making the site safe to nearby residents
and the environment while final cleanup activities are being completed. As a result of the
completed actions, residents are returning to the Love Canal area.
March 1992 104 LOVE CANAL
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Site Repository
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Public Information Office,
9820 Colvin Boulevard, Niagara Falls, NY 14304.
LOVE CANAL
105
March 1992
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LUDLOW SAND
& GRAVEL
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD013468939
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Oneida County
Paris
The 18-acre Ludlow Sand & Gravel site is a landfill and gravel pit located on a 130-acre
parcel of land. Disposal at the site began in the early 1960s and included domestic wastes,
septic tank effluent, industrial wastes such as dyes and waste oils, and animal parts from a
meat processing plant. Area residents expressed concern in 1966 when large areas of the site
were left uncovered and a strong odor could be detected at a considerable distance. In 1982,
trace quantities of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in the leachate pools
located at the southern portions of the property. The District Court of Binghamton ordered
the landfill closed and dumping ceased in 1988, although the gravel pit is still in operation
today. A New York State-designated wetland is located to the southeast of the site. The
landfill is in a groundwater recharge zone to an aquifer along Sauquoit Creek, a tributary of
the Mohawk River which serves as a major discharge point for groundwater flowing from this
aquifer. The residents east of the landfill obtain their drinking water supply from the aquifer.
The municipal water supply for the community of Clayville is obtained from groundwater. The
nearest residence is 1/2 mile from the landfill. Three residential wells are located within 1,000
feet of the site and eight additional wells are 1,000 to 3,000 feet away.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and landfill wastes are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), heavy metals including chromium and nickel, PCBs, and
phenols. Sediments contain VOCs and PCBs. The soil and surface water are
contaminated with PCBs. Leachate pools contain PCBs and phenols. Residents
near the site rely on private wells for drinking water. Although these wells are not
contaminated, chemicals migrating from the landfill may pollute them. Sediment
from the wetlands is contaminated. People who touch or accidentally ingest the
sediments may suffer adverse health effects. In addition, the contaminants may
harm the wildlife in and around the wetlands.
106
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and
the cleanup of groundwater, surface water, and soils from adjacent areas.
Response Action Status
Source Control: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to contain the source of
the contamination by: consolidating approximately 10,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and sediment adjacent to the landfill and disposing of it in the
landfill and then placing either a clay or synthetic cover over it to prevent rain water from
coming into contact with the buried materials; collecting the leachate from seepage areas;
dewatering the landfill by using either a passive drain system or using groundwater extraction
wells; lowering the water table to prevent groundwater from coming into contact with the
waste material; treating the contaminated leachate and groundwater at an on-site facility;
fencing the site, including the wetlands; controlling future use of the property by deed
restrictions; and monitoring the groundwater, private wells, and surface water to ensure the
cleanup has been effective. The potentially responsible parties have excavated contaminated
soils and sediments from the adjacent wetlands and gravel pit and have consolidated them in
the landfill. In addition, they have collected the leachate from the seepage areas, and have
installed and are currently operating a drainage system to drain water from the landfill. The
water is being treated using a treatment system built on the site. Additional contaminated
soils remain at the gravel pit. These soils will be addressed following completion of the
investigation on groundwater, surface water, and soils from adjacent areas as described below.
Groundwater, Surface Water, and Soils from Adjacent Areas: Data has
been collected and reviewed on the nature and extent of off-site contamination.
However, additional data needs to be collected for groundwater and surface water
in the vicinity of the landfill, as well as soils from an adjacent gravel pit. This additional study,
to be conducted by the potentially responsible parties with oversight by the State, is expected
to begin in late 1992. The study also will evaluate options for the cleanup of the off-site
contamination. Once the study is completed, the EPA will select a remedy for the
groundwater and surface water.
Site Facts: The potentially responsible parties are required, under a Consent Decree issued
by the State of New York, to conduct the cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and consolidation of contaminated soils, sediments, and leachate, and the
installation of the water treatment system have removed the potential for contact of the
water with the contaminants. Therefore, these actions have prevented further migration of
contaminants from the landfill into the environment at the Ludlow Sand & Gravel site while
further studies are being completed and cleanup activities continue.
LUDLOW SAND & GRAVEL 107 March 1992
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Site Repository
Utica Public Library, 303 Genesee Street, Utica, NY 13501.
March 1992
108
LUDLOW SAND & GRAVEL
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MALTA
PIJCIADF/V -U n Towns of Malta and Stillwater
NIETtA/ VODIf Xt A_K^V^77 Other Names:
NEW YORK Cli^_ o /VxITf Rocket Fuel Site
EPAID# NYD980535124 k^ ^\ ^<3^ ^ Saratoga Research and
Development Center
Site Description
The 445-acre Malta Rocket Fuel Area site consists of the 165-acre Malta Test Station and
280 acres of undeveloped forest used as a safety easement for the Test Station. The Test
Station was established in 1945 by the U.S. Government for rocket engine and fuel testing
and was first leased by various agencies, including several departments of the military, and
then purchased by a predecessor of the Department of Defense in 1955. The site also was
leased to NASA and used for research and development projects conducted on behalf of the
Department of Energy. The General Electric Company operated the Test Station as a
government contractor from 1945 to 1964. In 1964, the Test Station and the easement were
acquired by a predecessor of the New York State Energy Research and Development
Authority (NYSERDA). The General Electric Company continued as operating contractor
while NYSERDA and its predecessor conducted similar atomic and space research and
development: at the Test Station. In 1984, NYSERDA sold approximately 81 acres of the
Test Station, including most of the original buildings, test areas, rocket gantries, and other
facilities to the Wright-Malta Corporation. Operations at the site involved the use of
hazardous substances. Investigations of soil, sludge, surface water, and groundwater at the
site have confirmed the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). Numerous potential source areas have been identified at the site, including
scrap metal storage, chemical storage, solid waste disposal, drum disposal, and fuel mixing
areas; a burning pit; the rocket gantries and associated cooling pits; septic tanks and leach
fields; aboveground and underground storage tanks and piping systems; and the magazine
area. The population within a 2-mile radius of the site is approximately 10,000, which includes
all of the Luther Forest housing development. Water is supplied to area residents through the
public system, which draws groundwater from wells located 6,000 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NPL LISTING HISTORY
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 07/01/87
109 March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater at the site is contaminated with VOCs, PCBs, and boron from
former site activities. Off-site surface water is contaminated with VOCs, and soils
are contaminated with VOCs and PCBs. On-site cleanup workers may be exposed
to health hazards if contaminated groundwater is accidentally ingested. Direct
contact with the contaminated groundwater or surface water also may be a threat
to the health of the workers. Residents living around the site may be exposed to
contaminants by way of polluted groundwater, but testing shows the public water
supply wells are not contaminated. Discharges from the site are entering the
creeks and streams that flow toward the housing development.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1989, some of the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination began an extensive investigation to determine the nature and extent
of contamination and its sources and to identify alternatives for cleanup. The
parties have installed an Early Warning Monitoring System, which is designed to detect
contamination leaching from the site before it reaches public water supply wells. The
investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA issued a Unilateral Order for the performance of site studies
to eight potentially responsible parties. There is concern among the residents of the Luther
Forest residential development -over the potential for contaminants to reach the water supply
wells that are approximately 6,000 feet from the site perimeter.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Malta Rocket Fuel site while
further studies are completed and cleanup activities are started. The Early Warning
Monitoring System will help ensure that water supplies are not contaminated by the site.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992 110 MALTA ROCKET FUEL AREA
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MARATHON B
CORP.
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD010959757
EPA REGION 2
Putnam County
Cold Spring
Site Description
The 60-acre Marathon Battery Corp. site includes a former nickel-cadmium battery plant and
11 surrounding acres, the Hudson River around the Cold Spring pier and a series of river
backwater areas known as Foundry Cove and Constitution Marsh. The facility operated from
1952 to 1979, producing military and commercial batteries. During this time, the plant
changed ownership several times, finally operating as the Marathon Battery Co. from 1969 to
1979. Before 1965, the plant's wastewater treatment system discharged into the Hudson River
at the Cold Spring pier through the use of the municipal sewer system, except during periods
of overload or system shutdown, when the wastewater was discharged directly into East
Foundry Cove. In 1965, the New York State Department of Health concluded that the new
sewage system being designed for Cold Spring could not handle the plant's industrial
discharge, and operators began channeling the discharge into East Foundry Cove Marsh.
Although Marathon Battery Co. and other parties potentially responsible for the
contamination dredged parts of Foundry Cove and surrounding areas in 1972 and 1973,
studies of the wetlands still revealed high levels of cadmium and nickel in the late 1970s. The
EPA has divided the site into three geographical subsites to speed cleanup activities: East
Foundry Cove Marsh and Constitution Marsh (Area I); the 11-acre plant property, including
the plant itself, a production well, a 500,000-gallon water tower, building debris, a clay- and
asphalt-lined underground vault containing dredged cadmium-contaminated sediment from
Foundry Cove, a parking lot and nearby residential yards (Area II); and East and West
Foundry Cove and the portion of the Hudson River near Cold Spring pier (Area III). In
1980, the battery plant was sold to Merchandise Dynamics for use as a warehouse to store
books. All business activities at the site ceased in 1986. The books still remain on site. The
surrounding area is residential and includes an historic district. Approximately 400 people live
within a mile of the site. A school, a mobile home park, and a number of residences are
served by groundwater within a 3-mile radius of the site. Local surface water is used for both
recreation and commercial fishing.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
111
March 1992
-------
Threats and Contaminants
The State found high levels of the heavy metals cadmium, zinc, nickel, and cobalt
both inside and outside the plant facility. High concentrations of trichloroethylene
(TCE) have been detected in groundwater underlying the site. A State-supervised
sampling program conducted in 1984 and 1985 revealed widespread heavy metal
contamination of the sediments and marsh soils of Foundry Cove. The highest
levels were found in East Foundry Cove Mars at the outfall from which the battery
facility's process wastes were discharged. Cadmium was found in soils uphill from
the plant on the fence line between the former battery facility and neighboring
back yards. Tidal action has been slowly flushing remaining cadmium deposits from
the wetlands into the Hudson River. High levels of cadmium are present in on-site
sediments, and cadmium is accumulating in the biota, threatening the marsh that
supports several surface and underwater plant species and the surrounding wildlife.
An endangered species, the shortnose sturgeon, migrates up and down the Hudson
River and enters East Foundry Cove to feed. Since this fish feeds on insect larvae
on the cove bottom, it is likely to eat contaminated sediments. Public health may
be adversely affected by inhaling, accidentally ingesting, or touching contaminated
soils or dusts, drinking contaminated groundwater, or eating foods grown in
contaminated soil, or eating fish or wildlife caught in contaminated habitats.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of each of the three subsite areas.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Between 1972 and 1973, under orders from the EPA, the
owners and operators, both past and present, dredged the channel connecting
East Foundry Cove Marsh to Constitution Marsh, removing about 90,000 square
meters of sediment. About 4,000 cubic meters of dredge material were retained in a diked
enclosure constructed over a parking lot on the site property. Sediments were allowed to
settle, and the watery component was returned to Foundry Cove. Workers placed the dredge
spoils in a clay- and asphalt-lined underground vault on the plant property. However, studies
in Foundry Cove between 1976 and 1980 continued to detect high cadmium and nickel
concentrations in the sediments. In 1989, the potentially responsible parties placed fencing
and screens over the building's entrances and windows to limit access.
March 1992 112 MARATHON BATTERY CORP.
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Area I Cleanup: The EPA selected a remedy for cleaning up East Foundry Cove
Marsh and Constitution Marsh in 1986. The remedy features: dredging highly
contaminated sediments from East Foundry Cove Marsh; chemically binding the
sediment and properly disposing of the watery component; disposing of the treated sediments
off site; restoring the marsh by adding clean fill and clay and replanting the restored area;
and diverting storm sewers. Long-term sediment and water monitoring in East Foundry Cove
Marsh and Constitution Marsh, a public awareness program, and site access restrictions also
will be undertaken. The EPA completed the engineering design for this remedy in early 1992.
Areas I, II, and III are being cleaned up at the same time.
Area II Cleanup: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy for cleaning up Area II
that features: decontaminating the inside surfaces and contents of the former
battery facility to remove dust containing heavy metals; excavating the
cadmium-contaminated soil on the plant grounds and neighboring yards; excavating the
on-site vault containing dredge spoils from the 1973 dredging; binding, as needed, the
excavated soil, dust, and vault sediments and disposing of them at an EPA-approved facility
off site; excavating the hot spots of VOC-polluted soil, and then cleaning and replacing the
treated material on site; backfilling excavated areas with clean fill; placing groundwater use
controls and monitoring the aquifer until it is cleaned; and considering minor repairs to the
inoperable sprinkler and heating systems inside the building. The work has been divided into
four parts: excavating and treating all contaminated soil on the battery plant's grounds
including the vault, conducting a pilot study on cleaning up the books in the warehouse,
cleaning the interior of the former battery facility including the books currently stored inside,
and excavating and treating contaminated soils in the adjacent residential yards. The EPA
began engineering design work on the residential yards in 1989. In late 1991, the potentially
responsible parties completed the pilot study. The decontamination of the interior of the
battery facility is currently underway and is expected to be completed in the summer of 1992.
The design for treatment of the soil on the plant grounds was completed in early 1992.
Cleanup of the residential yards began in early 1992. Construction activities are being
performed concurrently with Areas I and III.
Area III Cleanup: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy for this area that features
dredging 1 foot of sediments from East Foundry Cove and the Cold Spring pier
area and removing them from the site. No action will be taken at West Foundry
Cove, but the EPA will continue to monitor it. The EPA began the engineering design for
this remedy in 1989; it was completed in early 1992. Cleanup activities are being conducted
along with those for Areas I and II.
Site Facts: The EPA entered into a Consent Decree with the potentially responsible parties
in 1972 to perform dredging operations and to dispose of contaminated sediment into an on-
site vault. In 1989, the potentially responsible parties were issued an Administrative Order to
decontaminate the interior of the building, including the stored books. In January 1992, a
Consent Decree was entered by the Court in which several of the potentially responsible
parties agreed to a cash settlement for the cleanup of Area II.
MARATHON BATTERY CORP. 113 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The dredging operation and site access restrictions described above have reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Marathon Battery site while final
cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Cold Spring Town Hall, 234 Main Street, Cold Spring, NY 10516
March 1992
114
MARATHON BATTERY CORP.
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MATTIAPF ^ EPA REGION 2
IVIAI MAlsC ^D Nassau County
PETROCHEMICAL-^ v— GenCove
COMPANY, INC.
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD000512459
Site Description
The 2-acre Mattiace Petrochemical Company, Inc. site is an inactive chemical distribution
facility located on Long Island. From the mid-1960s until 1987, Mattiace received chemicals
by tank truck and redistributed them to its customers. The company also operated the M&M
Drum Cleaning Company on the site until 1982. The site now is a graded, unpaved lot with a
trailer, shed, and concrete platform with 40 storage tanks, most of which are underground. In
1980, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation discovered that drums
containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were buried on the site and that wastewater
from the drum-cleaning operations was being discharged into subsurface leaching pools. State
investigators found VOCs in soil and shallow groundwater, the local drinking water source. In
1987, after 7 years of failed negotiations and litigation, the State of New York seized the
property. At that time, many drums and tanks of organics, acid, and alkali liquids remained.
The EPA since has secured the site and removed more than 120,000 gallons of bulk or waste
liquids. Surrounding the site are industrial areas, Garvies Point Preserve (designated by the
State as a significant natural habitat), and tidal wetlands. Glen Cove Creek is 500 feet to the
south of the site. Hempstead Harbor and Long Island Sound are located within 3 miles of the
site and are used for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil at the site are contaminated with VOCs. Exposure to
contaminated water and soil through direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion is a
health hazard. Habitats at the Garvies Point Preserve and the tidal wetlands also
may be threatened by contamination.
115 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on soil and groundwater cleanup and removal of buried drums.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1988, EPA emergency workers secured the site,
collected samples, and removed 100,000 gallons of flammable liquids, 20,000
gallons of contaminated water, and 1,800 gallons of liquids containing
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Lab packs were crushed and sent to an off-site incineration
facility. Owners reclaimed cylinders and some empty tanks. All other hazardous materials
were transported to EPA-approved disposal facilities.
Soil and Groundwater: In 1988, the EPA began a comprehensive study of soil
and groundwater pollution at the site. The EPA completed the study in mid-1991
and selected the following remedy: in-situ vapor extraction of soil, limited
excavation of soil hot spots, removal of above and below ground tanks and cisterns, and
groundwater extraction and treatment. The EPA is currently designing the selected remedy
and is scheduled to complete designs by 1994. Actual site cleanup will begin shortly
thereafter.
Buried Drums: After a geophysical survey that was conducted during field work
to determine soil contamination, the EPA found and characterized the contents of
several buried drums on the site. The EPA selected a remedy in 1990, which
includes removal and off-site treatment and disposal of the drums and contaminated soils in
the area. In late 1991, the EPA began excavating buried drums and contaminated soil.
Approximately 400 drums of hazardous wastes in various stages of decomposition were
eventually excavated. The drums are now staged on site and are awaiting off-site treatment
and disposal.
Environmental Progress
By securing the site, removing contaminated liquids, and excavating and removing drums and
soils, the EPA has reduced immediate threats to nearby residents and the environment while
further site investigations are being completed and final cleanup activities are taking place at
the Mattiace Petrochemical Company, Inc. site.
Site Repository
Glen Cove Public Library, Glen Cove Avenue, Glen Cove, NY 11542
March 1992 116 MATTIACE PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.
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MERCURY
REFINING, IN
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD048148175
EPA REGION 2
Albany County
Colonie
Site Description
Since 1956, the 1/2-acre Mercury Refining, Inc. site has been used for reclaiming mercury
from batteries. Operators dumped waste batteries behind the furnace building until 1980,
when these wastes were stored in drums on wooden pallets on paved areas of the site. Tests
in the early 1980s indicated that waste was at least 3 feet below the site surface. The State's
Fish and Wildlife Service tested soil in this area in the early 1980s and discovered high levels
of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury in soils and stream sediments. The source of
the PCBs is not clear, although the State believes the PCBs to be a byproduct of the
potentially responsible parties' mercury reclamation process. The site has been partially
cleaned up, and the waste disposal methods of the company have been modified. The site lies
in a light industrial and commercial area. The closest residents are about 1/4-mile to the
north of the site. Approximately 20,000 people live within a 1 1/2-mile radius of the property;
100,000 live within 3-miles. Local surface water is used for recreation and as a drinking water
supply. The nearest downstream supply intake is 1 mile away from the site. A tributary to
Patroons Creek, which flows to the Hudson River, runs next to the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
ZEJ
Groundwater, surface water, sediments, and soil were contaminated with heavy
metals including mercury, zinc, nickel, and arsenic. The soils also were
contaminated with PCBs. Although most of the contaminated soil has been
excavated and moved off site, additional contamination remains. An unknown
quantity of contaminated soil is located beneath an old furnace building on site. In
addition, air emissions of mercury may pose risks by inhalation. Eating
contaminated fish poses a potential public health risk.
117
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Under a 1985 State Consent Order, the owner excavated and
removed about 2,100 cubic yards of mercury-contaminated soil and debris and 300
cubic yards of PCB-contaminated soil. An unknown amount of contaminated soil
was found beneath the furnace building and was left in place after being sealed with plastic
sheets. The site was regraded with clean fill and capped to keep rainwater from spreading any
remaining contaminants. After these cleanup actions, the State started a fish monitoring
program in the nearby stream system to determine if there are any potentially adverse health
effects associated with the remaining mercury. The State of New York has targeted the
contaminated soil located beneath the furnace building for removal. In addition, the State
plans to issue environmental permits to control the company's air emission, water discharge,
and hazardous waste storage activities. The hazardous waste permit will require Mercury
Refining to conduct an investigation of any remaining contamination and, if necessary, clean
up the contaminated areas. Contamination still is being detected, and groundwater monitoring
is continuing to ensure the effectiveness of the initial remedy.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State issued a Consent Order to the parties potentially responsible
for the contamination, requiring them to conduct cleanup activities at the site. In 1989, the
State issued another Consent Order that required Mercury Refining to curtail any further
chemical releases from plant operations to the environment. The company also must perform
additional cleanup of adjacent soils and pay for a wildlife impact study being conducted by the
State.
Environmental Progress
The initial removal and containment of contaminated materials from the Mercury Refining,
Inc. site reduced the possibilities of coming into contact with hazardous materials. Upon
completion, the removal of contaminated soils beneath the furnace building will have
achieved the primary goals established for the cleanup of sources of contamination. The State
will issue water, air, and hazardous waste permits to Mercury Refining to prevent future
contaminant releases. Groundwater and fish monitoring are continuing to ensure the
effectiveness of the site cleanup work.
Site Repository
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Region 4,
2176 Guilderland Avenue, Schenectady, NY 12306
March 1992 118 MERCURY REFINING, INC.
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NEPERA CHEMICAL^rri EP* RE°'°N 2
-*-*^--~rs™ \ ,1—\ Orange County
CO IWIP/V M Y ' KH™™^ ^ l\V-4 1 1/2 miles southwest of May brook
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD000511451
Site Description
The 23-acre Nepera Chemical Company, Inc. site was once an industrial waste disposal
facility. Between 1953 and 1968, Nepera Chemical Company, Inc. used the property to
dispose of wastes from its Harriman plant, which produced pharmaceutical and other
industrial chemicals. In 1953, the State issued a permit to the site owners allowing them to
discharge sewage or wastes into the nearby waters. Nepera started waste disposal processes
with two lagoons and expanded to six. Discharge began at 50,000 gallons each week and
declined to 7,000 gallons a week in 1967. State inspectors detected leakage from the lagoons
in 1958 and 1960. The owners and the EPA found heavy metals, volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), and phthalates in on-site test wells. Because of the State's continuing concern about
proper containment of the waste and the threat to a local well field, Nepera discontinued
operation of the lagoons in 1968. The last lagoon was filled in 1974. The lagoons were
situated in a narrow valley between two rock ridges. The property is now covered with grass
and is completely fenced. Approximately 6,500 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site.
Public water supply wells for Maybrook lie 800 feet north of the site; the system consists of
three wells and an infiltration gallery. Most residents outside the village rely on private wells,
which tap local groundwater, for household uses. The nearest residential well is about 500
feet west of the site. Beaverdam Brook runs through the site.
o-» o -U-I-* ^- • • u ^^ jo. u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Pyridines, a plastics by-product, and other compounds from chemical wastes have
been detected in groundwater monitoring wells and sludges on site. In addition,
VOCs and heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury have been
found in groundwater and sludge. Surface water and sediment samples also contain
pyridines and VOCs. People could be at risk if they ingest contaminated water or
come into direct contact with contaminated water or soil.
119 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: All lagoons were filled by 1974, and a fence was
constructed to restrict access to the site.
Entire Site: In 1988, under a State Order, the site owner began an intensive
study of soil and water pollution at the site. This investigation is exploring the
nature and extent of contamination problems at the site and will result in
recommendations for final cleanup. The EPA and the State approved the study work plan
submitted by the owner in 1990. The study is scheduled for completion in early 1993, after
which the EPA will select the most appropriate remedies for the site cleanup from the
recommended cleanup alternatives.
Site Facts: In 1988, the site owner received a State-issued Order requiring the owner to
conduct the soil and water pollution study at the site.
Environmental Progress
By filling the waste lagoons and restricting access, the Nepera Chemical Company, Inc. site
has been made safer while further investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup
remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Harriman Village Hall, 1 Church Street, Harriman, NY 10926
March 1992 120 NEPERA CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.
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NIAGARA COUN
REFUSE
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD000514257
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Niagara County
Wheatfield
Other Names:
Niagara County Refuse Disposal
District
The 50-acre Niagara County Refuse site is an inactive landfill that was operated by the
Niagara County Disposal District from 1968 until 1976, when it was officially closed. Large
amounts of industrial solid and chemical wastes are buried on the site. Exposed refuse was
covered with about 20 inches of dirt and clay, and the site was graded. The Town of
Wheatfield acquired the site in 1976. The Town of North Tonawanda, with a population of
36,000, lies about 1/2-mile southeast of the site. Wheatfield's population is approximately
9,600. The marshy wetlands to the north of the site form the headwaters of Black Creek,
which flows into the Niagara River. Contaminated runoff flows north into the creek or south
into the river. The Niagara River is the drinking water source for the City of Niagara Falls;
its water supply intake is about 3-miles downstream from the landfill. No known public or
private wells exist in the area; water supply comes from outside the site vicinity. Local surface
waters are used recreationally.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater and surface water are polluted with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and heavy metals. Leachate discharging to the Niagara River contains
heavy metals. Sediment samples have high levels of phthalates, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and isolated, trace amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). There is evidence that the site cap is deteriorating, increasing the
potential for release of VOCs and possible surface water erosion of wastes. The
principal mode of exposure to contaminants is through drinking or coming into
direct contact with water from the Niagara River and Black Creek.
121
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA began an intensive study of water pollution at the site in
1987. A party potentially responsible for contamination at the site took over the
study in 1989. These investigations are exploring the extent and nature of the
pollution problem and will result in recommendations for final cleanup. The EPA plans to
select a remedy for the site in early 1993, once the study is completed.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Niagara County Refuse site while
further studies leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Region 9,
600 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14202
March 1992
122
NIAGARA COUNTY REFUSE
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NIAGARA
POWER CORP.
(SARATOGA
SPRINGS PLANT)
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980664361
Site Description
The 7-acre Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. (Saratoga Springs Plant) site was used for coal gas
manufacturing by the Saratoga Gas Light Company, a predecessor company of Niagara
Mohawk, and then by various other companies from 1853 until the late 1940s. By-product
materials containing hazardous substances were disposed of at various locations at the site,
and the site's subsurface contains numerous coal tar waste deposits from these operations.
Niagara Mohawk has operated the site since 1950 as a multi-purpose service center including
an electric substation, natural gas facilities, and offices, as well as vehicle and equipment
repair, maintenance, and storage facilities. Transformers and other electrical equipment that
may contain oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are periodically stored
outside the southwestern corner of the shop building at the site. The site is located in a
primarily residential area of Saratoga Springs. Approximately 10,000 people live within a
1-mile radius of the site and receive their drinking water supply from the City of Saratoga
Springs. Loughberry Lake is the drinking water supply reservoir for the City of Saratoga
Springs and is located 2,000 feet upgradient of the site. Approximately 1,300 people in trailer
parks and other residents nearby obtain their drinking water from private wells located within
3-miles of the site.
o-* i-, -U-1-* r^....,. AA A u u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with coal tars.
Sediments contain PAHs, low levels of the pesticide DDT, and petrochemicals.
On-site soils are contaminated with PAHs and VOCs. Should site-related
contaminants migrate into sources of drinking water, area residents could be
exposed to contaminants when drinking or using that water. Village Brook crosses
the site and runs underground once it leaves the site, until it meets Spring Run,
approximately 500 feet southeast. It is possible that area residents could be
exposed to contaminants located in the sediments of these two streams.
123 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1989, Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. began an investigation into
the nature and extent of site contamination. The field work is underway and is
expected to be completed in the mid-1992. This investigation is scheduled for
completion in 1993, after which final cleanup technologies will be selected by the EPA.
Site Facts: The EPA and Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. signed a Consent Order in 1989
that specifies the company's responsibilities for performing an investigation of site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Niagara Mohawk Power Corp.
(Saratoga Springs Plant) site while further investigations are taking place.
Site Repository
Saratoga Springs Public Library, 320 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866
March 1992 124 NIAGARA MOHAWK POWER CORP.
(SARATOGA SPRINGS PLANT)
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NORTH SEA ^—~ 2
MUNICIPAL • AldUMBHraLfcfi Southampton
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980762520
Site Description —
The 130-acre North Sea Municipal Landfill is an active municipal landfill that is owned and
operated by the Town of Southampton. It has been accepting refuse, construction debris, and
septic system waste since 1963. The site is separated into four areas: Cell #1, Cell #2, Cell
#3, and former sludge lagoons. Cell #1 was used for the disposal of municipal solid waste,
refuse, and debris. Cell #2 is permanently closed, and Cell #3 is currently receiving municipal
waste. Fourteen scavenger lagoons were decommissioned in 1986 and have subsequently been
filled with clean fill. There is a plume of groundwater contaminated with heavy metals in an
aquifer designated as the sole source of drinking water in the area. The area within 1 mile of
the landfill is residential, with a population of 1,500 people. In 1979, about a dozen private
wells located within the area of groundwater contamination were closed by the State. The site
is located near the southern shore of Little Peconic Bay in an area with extensive ponds,
coves, and wetlands. Groundwater ultimately discharges into Fish Cove of the Peconic Bay.
The Peconic Bay system is a major recreational resource in this region.
o-* o -U-I-* TU- • • u • ^ ,1*1, u NPI- LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties actions.
Threats and Contaminants
Proposed Date: 10/01/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
zn
The groundwater and lagoon sludges are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Water samples taken from Fish Cove
showed the presence of cadmium, a heavy metal. Off-site groundwater
contamination may pose a health threat to people who drink or touch it. The
potential on-site health threats of primary concern are direct contact with or
accidental ingestion of surface wastes. People could also be exposed to
contaminants through participation in recreational activities at Fish Cove.
Wetlands may be threatened by contamination.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: an initial action and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of Cell #1 and the former sludge lagoon area and cleanup of
off-site contamination.
125 March 1992
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Response Action Status
Initial Action: Temporary emergency water was provided until 1981, when
affected homes were connected to the public water supply.
Cell #1 and Former Sludge Lagoon Area: Cleanup actions to address site
contamination include closure of Cell #1 and slugde and soil sampling to assure
that no hazardous materials are leaching from the sludge lagoons. The parties
potentially responsible for contamination of the site have started designing the technical
specifications for closure of Cell #1. Soil and sludge sampling was completed in early 1992.
No contaminated sludge was found. The design plan to close Cell #1 is expected to be
completed in late 1992.
Off-Site Contamination: The Town of Southampton currently is conducting an
investigation into the nature and extent of the off-site contamination. The
investigation includes installing additional monitoring wells and resampling all
existing wells to identify the contaminants. This study will result in recommendations for final
off-site cleanup activities, and is scheduled to be completed in late 1992.
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA and the Town of Southampton issued an order requiring the
Town to conduct a study into site contamination and to recommend final site cleanup actions.
Cell #2 has been closed as required in a State Administrative Order. In 1991, EPA and the
Town of Southampton signed a Consent Decree requiring the Town to conduct cleanup
activities for Cell #1 and the former sludge lagoon area.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that, with the provision of alternative water to residents formerly using
contaminated private wells, no other immediate actions are required at the North Sea
Municipal Landfill site while further investigations are underway and cleanup activities are
being designed.
Site Repository
Southampton College Library, Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968
March 1992 126 NORTH SEA MUNICIPAL LANDFILL
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OLD BETHPAG
LANDFILL
NEW YORK
EPAID#NYD980531727
EPA REGION 2
Nassau County
Oyster Bay
Site Description
The 65-acre Old Bethpage Landfill is an inactive municipal landfill that is part of a larger
sanitary landfill complex. The Town of Oyster Bay began operations at the Old Bethpage
Landfill in 1957, primarily for disposing of incinerator residue. In 1967, the Town began
accepting garbage and trash and allowed home owners to dump trash. From 1968 through
1978, liquid and solid industrial process wastes and damaged drums containing organic
residues were disposed of at the site. After 1978, metal hydroxide sludges were the only
industrial waste disposed of at the landfill. The landfill was permanently closed in 1986.
Several groundwater recharge basins are used to dispose of scrubber water from incinerators.
A methane gas collection system was installed to prevent further off-site migration of landfill
gas. Partial landfill capping provides some barrier against groundwater contaminant migration.
There are approximately 10,000 people living within 1 mile of the site. The site is located
above the Magothy Aquifer, which supplies many public wells.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Air is polluted with methane gas and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The
groundwater on site and leachate from the landfill are contaminated with heavy
metals including iron and manganese. The off-site groundwater is contaminated
with VOCs. The main health risks associated with this site are drinking
contaminated groundwater and inhaling contaminated air. The Village of
Farmingdale uses the public drinking water wells directly downstream of the landfill
and could be threatened by the contaminants.
127
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1982, a methane gas collection system was installed by the Town
of Oyster Bay to monitor and prevent migration of gas beyond the boundary of
the site. A leachate collection system has been operating at the landfill since 1983.
It was designed to collect, store, treat, and dispose of the leachate generated by the landfill.
A clay cap was also applied to 29 acres of the 65-acre site. Technologies selected to clean up
groundwater contamination coming from the landfill and source control of the landfill
include: installing, operating, and maintaining a system of groundwater recovery wells and
treating the recovered water by an air stripper and, if necessary, carbon treatment;
completing the covering of the landfill to prevent water from entering and thus spreading
contaminants; and monitoring to determine the effectiveness of the cleanup actions. The
Town of Oyster Bay and the State, under EPA monitoring, began cleanup activities in 1990.
Construction of the groundwater treatment system was completed in early 1992. The last
portion of the capping program is currently under construction and is expected to be
completed in late 1992.
Site Facts: In 1984, the Town of Oyster Bay signed a Consent Order agreeing to conduct
an investigation into the groundwater contamination at the site and to recommend
alternatives for cleanup of both on and off-site contamination. The final Consent Decree
covering the design and construction of the remedies selected by the EPA was approved by
the court in 1988.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup actions, including the gas and leachate collection systems and the partial capping
of the landfill, have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated air, leachate, and
groundwater at the Old Bethpage Landfill site. The groundwater treatment system and the
capping program will further reduce any potential threat to public health and the
environment.
Site Repository
Plainview-Old Bethpage Library, 999 Old Country Road, Plainview, NY 11803
March 1992 128 OLD BETHPAGE LANDFILL
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OLEAN WELL
FIELD
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980528657
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Cattaraugus County
Olean
The 1 1/2-square-mile Olean Well Field site is comprised of three public wells, 50 private
wells, and municipal and industrial dumps that contain high levels of trichloroethylene (TCE).
Much of the groundwater contamination is believed to be the result of industrial operations
at several nearby commercial establishments. Contamination of the areas was discovered in
1981. The public wells were constructed in the 1970s to alleviate the need for the surface
water treatment plant on Olean Creek. After Olean city officials detected contamination of
the public wells, the City discontinued their use and reopened the surface water treatment
plant on Olean Creek. Site-related contaminants have migrated from shallow groundwater to
deeper levels. The groundwater located in the upper level flows toward and discharges into
the Alleghany River. Approximately 18,200 people live in the City of Olean.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Three
public wells and most residential wells also are contaminated. On-site soil at the
manufacturing facilities is contaminated with TCE and other VOCs. People who
ingest or come into direct contact with contaminated groundwater may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleaning up the groundwater and controlling the source of site
contamination.
129
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Thirty-two home carbon treatment units for drinking water
were installed on private wells and subsequent monitoring services were
performed by the EPA between 1983 and 1985. The New York State Department
of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and the EPA developed an interim cleanup
action that provided for regular monitoring and the installation of additional carbon
adsorption units as necessary, until a permanent remedy was put in place. In 1990,
contaminated soil was excavated and removed from the area to construct an addition on an
on-site office building.
Groundwater: Based on the results of the site investigation, the remedies
selected to clean up the groundwater include: reactivating the municipal wells and
treating the water using an air stripping process to reduce the TCE contamination
to a level that protects human health; extending the city water lines from the Town of Olean
to connect approximately 93 residences currently served by wells; inspecting the
McGraw-Edison industrial sewer and analyzing repair and replacement options; and
recommending institutional controls to restrict withdrawal of contaminated groundwater for
drinking purposes. Five thousand feet of sewer lines have been replaced or cleaned. Water
main extension work was completed in 1989. These new water mains will provide hydrants
and fire protection to the targeted areas. Air strippers were constructed at the municipal
wells in 1989, which were reactivated in 1990. Treatment of the groundwater through the air
stripping devices is currently ongoing. Implementation of groundwater institutional controls
and the inspection of the McGraw-Edison industrial sewer have been completed. Future
inspections may occur. Operational issues are being resolved.
Source Control: A work plan for the source control study was developed by the
EPA in 1989, in addition to a field operations plan. The goal of the investigation is
to fully detail the characteristics of three known contaminant source areas,
investigate other potential source areas, and determine appropriate cleanup actions. The
study is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: The NYSDEC issued an order for an Administrative Hearing in 1981. A Notice
Letter was sent by the EPA in 1982 to the parties potentially responsible for contamination
of the site. In 1984, the EPA issued Unilateral Administrative Orders to six parties that
currently or formerly owned and operated commercial establishments suspected of
contributing to site contamination. In 1984, the potentially responsible parties submitted a
report highlighting investigative studies required under the Order to the EPA and the
NYSDEC. In 1989, a potentially responsible party was issued an Administrative Consent
Order to remove contaminated soil at the site of a new office building and to conduct
additional groundwater cleanup activities. In June 1991, the potentially responsible parties
signed an Administrative Consent Order with the EPA to perform the source control study.
March 1992 130 OLEAN WELL FIELD
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Environmental Progress
Treating of the groundwater and connecting rsidences to city water supply lines have reduced
the potential of exposure to hazardous substances in the drinking water and will continue to
protect affected residences while further investigations and remaining cleanup activities are
undertaken at the Olean Well Field site.
Site Repository
Olean Public Library, 2nd and Lauren Streets, Olean, NY 14760
CLEAN WELL FIELD
131
March 1992
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PASLEY
SOLVENTS
AND CHEMI
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD991292004
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Nassau County
Hempstead
Other Names:
Pasley Sales Corporation
The 1/2-acre Pasley Solvents and Chemicals, Inc. site was a chemical distribution facility from
1969 to 1982, occasionally storing waste materials. Prior to this, Commander Oil used the site
for gasoline storage and fuel oil distribution. The Nassau County Health Department
(NCDH) investigated the site in 1981 and found the on-site soil and groundwater to be
contaminated with organic solvents and petroleum products. The NCDH ordered Pasley to
clean up the site in 1982, but the company went bankrupt and indicated they could not take
responsibility for any cleanup actions. Approximately 50 homes are located within 1,000 feet
of the site and are supplied with water from the public distribution system. Approximately
19,000 people live within a mile of the site. Over 110,000 people are served by municipal wells
located within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Chlorinated solvents are contaminating the soil. The contaminated groundwater
and soil, if they are accidentally swallowed or touched, could be a health hazard to
individuals.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
132
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1988, one of the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination assumed responsibility for conducting a study to determine the
nature and extent of the contamination. Monitoring wells were drilled to
investigate the contaminants in the soil and the groundwater. Tanks were removed and
destroyed. A soil vapor contaminant assessment was conducted, and soil and sediment
sampling was completed. Groundwater sampling to define the plume of contaminants was
completed. All of these studies were completed in 1991. In 1992, the remedies for site
cleanup were selected. Soils will be treated by vacuum extraction and flushing of
contaminants. Groundwater will be treated by air stripping. The design of the selected
remedies is scheduled to begin in early 1993.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA sent out Notice Letters to the potentially responsible parties,
informing them of their responsibility in the site cleanup operations. One of the parties has
filed for bankruptcy and has indicated that it would be unable to take responsibility for the
site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Pasley Solvents and Chemicals,
Inc. site while final cleanup remedies are being designed.
Site Repository
Nassau Library System, 900 Jerusalem Avenue, Uniondale, NY 11553
PASLEY SOLVENTS AND CHEMICALS, INC. 133 March 1992
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PLATTSBURGH——?T* "EGION 2
T ?•• : , Arc __( Clinton County
AIR FORCE B
NEW YORK
EPAID# NY4571924774
Site Description
The 3,440-acre Plattsburgh Air Force Base site has served as a tactical wing in the Air Force
Strategic Air Command since 1955. From 1955 to 1987, hazardous wastes were generated
from such activities as aircraft maintenance and painting, fire fighting exercises, spills, and the
discharge of munitions. Hazardous wastes were stored in drums, deposited in unlined landfills,
and burned in unlined pits. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found in two shallow
monitoring wells downgradient of the drum storage area during tests conducted by the Air
Force in 1987. The Air Force conducted preliminary field investigations into site
contamination, which included sampling of soil, groundwater, and surface water at several
areas. Approximately 2,000 people obtain drinking water from private wells located within 3
miles of the Base landfill. The site is located in a mixed use area consisting of industries,
commercial enterprises, and private residences. The site is bordered on the north by the
Saranac River and the City of Plattsburgh, Lake Champlain on the east, and the Salmon
River on the south.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater located in two shallow monitoring wells downgradient of the site's
drum storage area and soils surrounding the drainage ditch areas are contaminated
with various VOCs. Fuel related compounds from the Fire Training Area also have
contaminated groundwater and are found floating in high concentrations on the
groundwater surface. Runoff of leachate from the landfill areas is contaminated
with VOCs, jet fuel, and pesticides. Area residents could be exposed to
contaminants in their drinking water supply if runoff migrates into nearby private
wells. However, this is unlikely, since contaminated groundwater flow is toward
Lake Champlain and not toward private water wells. Another potential area of
exposure is direct contact with contaminants located in soil, groundwater, and
surface water runoff. If migration of the contaminated leachate is not stopped,
Lake Champlain, the Salmon River, and the Saranac River all could be affected.
134 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in six stages: initial actions and five long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the landfills, the drum storage area, the groundwater, the fire training
area, and the remaining areas.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Soils contaminated with the pesticide DDT in the vicinity of the
drum storage area were removed in early 1992. The removal of petroleum
products and solvents from soil and groundwater in the fire training area, and
removal of solvent-contaminated soils at a temporary storage area are scheduled to begin in
1992.
Landfills: Two landfills on base contain household waste and construction debris.
Trace quantities of VOCs have been detected in groundwater monitoring wells
and leachate down gradient of the landfills. A study of the site to determine the
full extent of contamination currently is being conducted and is expected to be completed in
late 1992, at which time cleanup remedies will be selected.
Drum Storage Area: The Department of Defense (DOD) is conducting studies
to determine the nature and extent of soil and possibly groundwater contamination
in the drum storage area. These studies are scheduled for completion in late 1992.
Cleanup remedies will be selected shortly thereafter.
Groundwater: The DOD is conducting studies to determine the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination in the fire training area. These studies are
expected to be completed in mid-1993, after which a cleanup remedy will be
Fire Training Area: The soil and groundwater in the fire training area are
contaminated with petroleum products and solvents. A cleanup remedy will be
selected after studies determining the nature and extent of the contamination are
Remaining Areas: Investigations into the nature and extent of contamination in
10 additional areas of the base are expected to begin in mid-1993.
Site Facts: Plattsburgh Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, a specially funded program established by the DOD in 1978 to identify, investigate,
and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD facilities.
PLATTSBURGH AIR FORCE BASE 135 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The removal of soil contaminated with pesticides and the planned removal of contaminated
soils and petroleum products from the soil and groundwater will reduce the potential for
direct contact with these materials. Studies currently are underway or are expected to begin
soon at the other areas of contamination at the Plattsburgh Air Force Base site.
Site Repository
Pittsburgh Public Library, 15 Oak Street, Plattsburgh, NY 12901
March 1992
136
PLATTSBURGH AIR FORCE BASE
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POLLUTION
ABATEMENT
SERVICES
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD000511659
EPA REGION 2
Oswego County
Oswego
Site Description
The 15 1/2-acre Pollution Abatement Services (PAS) site served as the location for a
chemical waste incineration facility from 1970 to 1977. The facility consisted of three lagoons
containing over a million gallons of oil and mixed hydrocarbons, several large storage tanks
containing contaminated waste oil, and more than 15,000 leaking and deteriorating drums.
Throughout the operation of the facility, PAS experienced operational problems and was
cited for numerous air and water quality violations by State and Federal agencies. During this
time, liquid wastes were collected and stored on site in drums, open lagoons, and in
aboveground and underground tanks. From 1973 to 1976, lagoon overflows and liquid waste
spills were common, releasing wastes into the adjacent Wine Creek. During this period, the
U.S. Coast Guard, the EPA, and the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC) became involved in a number of immediate cleanup activities.
Following the closure of the site, all hazardous wastes were removed. Approximately 24,000
people reside within 3 miles of the site. The immediate area is sparsely populated and is
zoned primarily for commercial and industrial activity. The site lies 1/2 mile from the shores
of Lake Ontario. To the north of PAS, two streams come together to form Wine Creek,
which flows into Lake Ontario. The Oswego municipal water treatment plant has a surface
water intake system on Lake Ontario approximately 1 mile from the point where Wine Creek
enters the lake. Municipal water supplies have been made available to residents, but several
have opted to continue using private wells.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
137
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
ZDJ
The on-site groundwater was contaminated with various heavy metals and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). The on-site soil was contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Sludges were contaminated with PCBs and
heavy metals. Contaminants in the surface water include VOCs such as methylene
chloride, toluene, and vinyl chloride. The potential existed for health risks if
contaminated groundwater was accidentally ingested or touched. Wine Creek and
a wetland area, which lie immediately northeast of the site, were threatened by
contaminants from the site.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of surface contamination, the entire site, and off-site
contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Over a 10-year span, the EPA performed many cleanup
activities to reduce threats to the public and the environment in the site area. In
1976, the EPA constructed a dike to prevent an overflow of contaminants from
entering the groundwater and soil in the surrounding area. In 1977, the EPA treated and
discharged the contaminated groundwater from the lagoons. A fence with a locked gate was
constructed around the site in 1980 to keep unauthorized individuals from entering. That
same year, the EPA overpacked and relocated 500 drums on site. An additional 1,200 drums
were overpacked in 1981, and surface runoff controls were installed. The site was covered
with a clay cap, topsoil, and vegetation.
Surface Contamination: In 1982, the EPA removed superstructures and 10,000
drums of contaminants from the site. In 1987, 500,000 gallons of contaminated
groundwater were pumped from the site and disposed of off site for treatment.
March 1992 138 POLLUTION ABATEMENT SERVICES
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Entire Site: Based on the results of the site investigation, the EPA selected the
following methods for site cleanup: limited excavations and removal of
contaminated soil, as well as the removal of subsurface tanks and drums to a
federally approved landfill; construction of a perimeter slurry wall; site grading followed by
installation of an impermeable cap; groundwater recovery; leachate collection; removal of
groundwater and leachate for off-site treatment; and groundwater monitoring. The State has
excavated and removed approximately 1,000 drums and all the buried tanks. In addition, the
State also installed leachate and groundwater collection systems and completed the perimeter
slurry wall and cap. By 1989, 400,000 gallons of leachate were disposed of in off-site federally
approved facilities. The State completed the disposal of waste sludges, installed additional
monitoring wells, and pumped and disposed of the remaining contaminated leachate in 1990.
Off-Site Contamination: Under EPA monitoring, the potentially responsible
parties are conducting an investigation to determine the nature and extent of
off-site contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup of the area outside
of the slurry wall. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in late 1993.
Site Facts: In response to a Notice Letter from the EPA, the parties potentially responsible
for off-site contamination agreed to complete the investigation into the nature and extent of
the contamination. This agreement became official in 1990 when the potentially responsible
parties signed a Consent Order with the EPA.
Environmental Progress
The numerous immediate and long-term cleanup actions described above have successfully
met the established goals for cleanup of surface and groundwater contamination at the
Pollution Abatement Services site, while further studies into off-site contamination are taking
place. The State is continuing to ensure that drinking water standards are maintained through
regular groundwater monitoring.
Site Repository
Oswego City Hall, West Oneida Street, Oswego, NY 13126
POLLUTION ABATEMENT SERVICES
139
March 1992
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PORT r^° "" Vrn EPA REGION 2
I \ \ H—\ Nassau County
WASHINGTON
I AMHPII I ^~y .xV^J-MJXJ Other Names:
I-MM L/IIL.L. .X r ra x^$H-Y^r:?:Tpv* of North Hempstead L-4 Landfill
-X"'"*TV j*r-\. T~ * j>Wl I 1 1 r -^-< f f —/
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980654206
Site Description —
The Port Washington Landfill site is a 54-acre inactive portion of a municipal landfill. The
landfill is located on a 139-acre lot. The site was used during the 1880s as a sand and gravel
mining operation. Subsequent to mining activities, the property was used as a disposal area
for construction debris. In 1973, the Town of North Hempstead purchased the property and
operated it as a municipal landfill until closing it in 1983. Operation of the landfill during the
1970s resulted in the generation of an off-site soil gas plume composed of methane and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1981, Southport Water District Well No. 5, located
about 1,500 feet west of the landfill, was closed due to evidence of organic chemical
contamination. There are approximately 4,500 people living within 1 mile of the landfill.
Residential areas adjacent to the landfill are served by the Port Washington Water District.
The closest public water supply well is located 2,000 feet south of the landfill. The aquifers of
primary concern are the upper glacial, the Magothy, and the Lloyd aquifers. The landfill is
bordered to the east by Hempstead Harbor. Site access is limited by fencing and the typical
security associated with an active municipal landfill.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and municipal actions.
Threats and Contaminants
Final Date: 09/08/83
Vinyl chloride is of special concern because it has been detected in the on-site soil
gas at high concentrations. Other VOCs have been detected in off-site ambient air
and in the gas built up under the landfill surface. Groundwater and leachate are
contaminated with various VOCs. People may be at risk by drinking or otherwise
coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater. As a result, the nearest
public water supply well (Southport) has been taken out of service as a precaution
against possible contamination, although no contaminants have been detected in
this well. The potential health threat to people resulting from recreational use of
contaminated water or from eating contaminated fish is minimal.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
140 March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Town has initiated the following immediate actions:
installed numerous gas vents on the western edge of the landfill; installed a
manifold system to collect the vented gas; flared the collected gas; improved the
existing leachate collection system; and improved the dispersion of flared gases through the
addition of a stack. In 1987, the Town removed and sampled about 60 drums that were
discovered buried near the site. In 1989, the EPA completed installing landfill gas and
groundwater monitoring wells on and near the site. The EPA also conducted limited testing
using devices known as "flux boxes" to measure the amount of gases emitted from the landfill
surface. In 1990, the Town installed a perimeter gas collection and venting system.
Entire Site: The EPA selected the following groundwater, leachate, and air
cleanup technologies to address site contamination: closure of the landfill,
rehabilitation of the active gas collection system, and additional perimeter venting.
Possible reactivation of the Southport well with air stripping and installation of additional
groundwater extraction wells are proposed for the purpose of restricting further migration of
contaminants in the groundwater. In 1990, the Town of North Hempstead began designing
the technical specifications for the landfill closure, the rehabilitation of the existing gas
collection system, and the additional perimeter venting. In 1991, the Town installed two
ground flares to address the increased landfill gas volume anticipated when the entire venting
system for the site is implemented. The engineering design of the remedy is scheduled to be
completed in late 1993.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed by the EPA and the Town in 1990 for the Town
to clean up all areas of the site. Also during 1990, the Town and the EPA signed an
Administrative Order under which the Town agreed to install additional gas vents to prevent
subsurface gas migration into a nearby industrial park.
Environmental Progress
The numerous immediate actions described above have reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous substances at the Port Washington Landfill site while further cleanup activities are
being designed.
Site Repository
Port Washington Public Library, 245 Main Street, Port Washington, NY 11050
PORT WASHINGTON LANDFILL
141
March 1992
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PREFERRED PLATING
CORPORATIOI
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980768774
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Suffolk County
Babylon
The 1/2-acre Preferred Plating Corporation site was the location of plating operations from
1951 until 1976, when the company filed for bankruptcy. The property was subsequently sold,
and in 1982, the new owner filled in the leaching pits formerly used for hazardous waste
storage, and constructed a building over them. The leaching pits had been severely cracked
and were leaking, allowing discharges of contaminants into the groundwater. Metal parts were
chemically treated at the site to increase corrosion resistance and to provide a cohesive base
for painting. These plating processes entailed degreasing, cleaning, and surface finishing of
the metal parts. These processes involved the use of various chemicals and resulted in the
generation, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. Untreated wastewater, produced by
rinsing the metal parts between each process, was discharged into four concrete leaching pits
directly behind the original building. An automobile repair shop and other businesses now
occupy the site. There are approximately 4,500 people within 1 mile of the site.
Approximately 15,000 people draw drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater underlying the site is contaminated with heavy metals including
cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel. Low levels of chlorinated organics and
cyanide also were detected in a few samples. People risk harmful health effects by
drinking or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater and by
inhaling contaminated groundwater vapors.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on the cleanup of on-
site groundwater and on-site soils and upgradient groundwater.
142
March 1992
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Response Action Status
On-site Groundwater: The EPA installed eight on-site wells and six angle
borings to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The
groundwater cleanup technologies selected include: pumping out groundwater,
precipitating the metals contaminating the groundwater, and reinjecting the purified
groundwater into the aquifer. The EPA prepared the technical specifications and design for
the selected groundwater cleanup technologies. Groundwater cleanup activities began in early
1992, with actual construction expected to begin in late 1992. It is expected that the
groundwater system will be fully operable in 3 years.
On-site Soils and Upgradient Groundwater: The potentially responsible party
is conducting a study into the nature, extent, and source of groundwater
contamination upgradient of the site. The study is scheduled to be completed in
late 1992. The EPA completed a study into the nature and extent of soil contamination at
the site in early 1992. The final remedy is expected to be selected in late 1992.
Site Facts: The EPA sent Notice Letters to the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination for the cleanup of the groundwater in 1988, but received no reply. A Special
Notice Letter was issued to an additional party in 1990 for the off-site contamination. An
Administrative Order on Consent between the EPA and the potentially responsible party was
signed in late 1990, requiring the party to investigate the upgradient groundwater portion of
the off-site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The EPA investigations at the site have determined that while the site does not pose an
immediate threat to people or the environment, the potential does exist for contamination of
the drinking water supply if no action is taken. Current investigations and planned cleanup
activities will address these concerns.
Site Repository
West Babylon Library, 211 Route 109, West Babylon, NY 11704
PREFERRED PLATING CORPORATION 143 March 1992
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RADIUM CHEM
COMPANY, INC.
NEW YORK
EPA ID#NYD001667872
EPA REGION 2
Queens County
Woodside/Queens
Site Description
The Radium Chemical Company, Inc. (RCC) site consists of one abandoned building on
approximately 1/3 acre of land at 60-06 27th Avenue in Queens. From the mid-1950s through
1983, the company leased specially packaged radium to hospitals for use in the treatment of
cancer. When it was abandoned, the facility contained a large quantity of radium-226 sealed
in small metal tubes or rods referred to as "needles", totalling approximately 120 curies. In
1983, the State ordered the company to stop its business operations due to a series of
regulation violations. State inspections disclosed violations involving lost shipments of needles,
radiation levels exceeding allowable standards within the plant, and elevated radon levels,
indicating microscopic defects in the needles. The company ceased any further leasing of
radioactive sources, but the missing needles were not accounted for, and conditions at the
plant did not improve. In 1987, the State ordered RCC to remove its inventory of radioactive
sources and to decontaminate the work site. In 1988, a State judge declared the RCC site
officially abandoned. Approximately 300,000 people reside within 3 miles of the site. The
majority of the surrounding area is composed of light industry and small businesses, with
some residential areas within 1/2 mile of the site. The Brooklyn-Queens Expressway is less
than 10 feet from the site. A large health club is located within 100 feet of the RCC facility.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 08/16/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
The building interior was contaminated with residual radium and radon gas from
the former site operations. Soils beneath or adjacent to the site were also
contaminated with residual radium. The potential threat existed from inhalation of
radon gas and exposure to gamma radiation if people entered the building on the
site.
144
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Over a 9-month period, an immediate cleanup effort by the
EPA was completed. During the months of July and August 1989, all the needles
on site were repackaged to prevent the release of radioactivity and were removed
in five shipments to a facility in Nevada dedicated to the disposal of radioactive wastes. In
August 1989, approximately 200 containers of non-contaminated flammables, poisons, and
other reactive chemicals were sent for incineration and disposal. In September 1989, one
shipment of highly contaminated debris, tools, and other materials found in the building also
was sent to the Nevada facility. In total, 118.6 curies of radium have been safely removed and
disposed of at the Nevada facility. In addition, in September and October 1989, four
shipments of low-activity contaminated debris were sent to a low-level radioactive waste
disposal facility in Hanford, Washington. Five hundred pounds of elemental mercury found in
the building were recycled and sent to a facility in Pennsylvania. Stringent operating and
monitoring procedures to maintain public safety were followed throughout the immediate
cleanup process. Twenty-four hour security at the site was maintained throughout the cleanup
action. A foam fire suppressant system also was in place to address any risk of explosions and
fires. These removal actions resulted in the greatest hazards being removed from the site.
Entire Site: In early 1990, the EPA prepared a study that outlines the nature and
extent of contamination remaining at the site and describes the various cleanup
alternatives evaluated. The EPA selected the final site remedy, which consists of
partial decontamination of the building, followed by complete dismantling and disposal in
appropriate facilities. Cleanup actions began in mid-1990. To date, the entire building and its
contents have been decontaminated, dismantled, and disposed of. All contaminated soils that
were beneath or adjacent to the building were excavated and shipped for off-site disposal.
Most contaminated materials were disposed of in a radioactive waste repository in Utah.
Some contaminated lead and steel were transported to a nuclear processing facility in
Tennessee. Work currently is focusing on the possible removal of sewer pipes. Cleanup is
scheduled to be completed by late 1992.
Site Facts: In July 1988, at the request of the State, the Supreme Court in Queens issued
an order finding that the company and its president could not perform their obligations and
duties to secure the plant adequately. The Attorney General also prosecuted the company for
criminal violations of the State labor law. In February 1989, the company was convicted of
four violations and was fined the maximum amount permitted by statute.
RADIUM CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC. 145 March 1992
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Environmental Progress
The initial removal of radium sources and the recent decontamination and dismantling efforts
have reduced the potential for exposure to radioactive materials at the Radium Chemical
Company, Inc. site while final cleanup activities are being completed.
Site Repository
Queens Public Library, Woodside Branch, 54-22 Skillman Avenue, Woodside, NY 11377
March 1992
146
RADIUM CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.
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RAMAPO LANDFI
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD000511493
EPA REGION 2
Rockland County
Route 59,
1 mile northeast of the
Village of Hillburn
Site Description
The Ramapo Landfill, covering 96 acres, opened in 1972. In 1978, the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) denied the landfill operators an
operating permit because of an incomplete permit application and violations of State codes.
The facility is reported to have received sludge from a cosmetic company, sludge-like material
from a pharmaceutical company, and paint sludges from an automobile manufacturer, as well
as wastes from other facilities. Unauthorized dumping may have occurred at the site. In 1980,
about 50 drums containing an unknown waste were found near the site. Most of the landfill
now is covered and graded. The brush disposal area appears to be well maintained, and the
leachate holding pond is fenced. An existing leachate collection system diverts surface and
subsurface leachate from the landfill to the holding pond. Wastewater from the holding pond
then is discharged to the wastewater treatment plant in the Village of Suffern. Historical
groundwater quality data show the presence of various metals and organics. Although the
landfill is legally closed, the Town of Ramapo still disposes of brush and debris on the site.
Approximately 50,000 people reside within 3 miles of the site. Only about 200 people live
within a mile of the site. Four public water supply wells serving the Spring Valley Water
Authority systems, which potentially affect 200,000 users, are located within 1,500 feet west of
the site just across from the Ramapo River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including benzene, toluene, and xylene and heavy metals including mercury, lead,
chromium, and cadmium. Surface water is contaminated with heavy metals, semi-
VOCs, and phenols. Health risks may occur if contaminated groundwater or
surface water is accidentally ingested or touched. Use of contaminated
groundwater for bathing, showering, or cooking may cause the inhalation of VOCs,
which evaporate from the contaminated groundwater.
147
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for the site contamination, under
State authority, completed an investigation to determine the nature and extent of
contamination and to identify alternatives for cleanup of the entire site. The EPA
selected a cleanup approach for the site in early 1992. The cleanup will include installing a
multi-media cap over the landfill and installing groundwater extraction wells to supplement
the existing leachate collection system currently in sue for groundwater cleanup. The collected
leachate and groundwater will be treated at an off-site publicly owned treatment works
(POTW) facility. The designs of the selected remedies are underway, and expected to be
completed in late 1993.
Site Facts: The NYSDEC entered into an Administrative Order on Consent in February of
1985 with the Town of Ramapo to construct a final leachate treatment system. The State
signed an order for site cleanup with the potentially responsible party in February of 1988. In
April of 1992, NYSDEC requested the Town of Ramapo to begin design activities for site
cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The EPA conducted a preliminary evaluation and has determined that no immediate cleanup
actions are required at the site while the final cleanup remedy is being designed.
Site Repository
Suffern Free Library, Maple and Washington Avenues, Suffern, NY 10901
March 1992
148
RAMAPO LANDFILL
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RICHARDSON
HILL ROAD
LANDFILL SITE
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980507735
EPA REGION 2
Delaware County
Richardson Hill Road, 21/4 miles
southwest of Sidney Center
Other Names:
Bendix Waste Oil and Disposal Site
Site Description
The Richardson Hill Road Landfill Site covers 8 acres and contains a landfill that is
composed of two sections. The first part is in the northern section of the site; it contains two
trenches. The second part, located to the south of the first, contains a waste oil pit. From
1964 through 1969, the Bendix Corporation disposed of hazardous wastes and unknown
amounts of waste oil and equipment at the site. In 1982, the EPA discovered polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), trichloroethylene (TCE), and vinyl chloride on the site during a site
inspection. A shallow ditch intercepts surface water runoff from the southern part of the site.
The ditch empties into culverts that drain into two beaver ponds at the northern end of
Herrick Hollow Creek. This creek carries water to the Cannonsville Reservoir. Approximately
100 people live within a mile of the site. Three seasonal homes are located directly downslope
from the site, and five other seasonal homes are downstream from the site. Chemical analysis
of the residential water supply shows that the shallow groundwater supplying the three homes
downslope from the site is contaminated with organic compounds. These wells were sealed
off. Residents have been provided with bottled water. Approximately 1,000 people who
depend on surface water or groundwater for their drinking water supply live within 3 miles of
the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and PCBs are contaminating the soil.
Groundwater at the site contains oily wastes and VOCs including dichloroethene
and TCE. PCBs and solvents are present in the surface water and sediments
throughout the beaver ponds in Herrick Hollow Creek. People could be exposed to
hazardous chemicals through direct contact with contaminants from the area's
drainage system, the two beaver ponds near the site, and the other surrounding
creeks. Also, fish in local streams and animals that depend on those surface water
resources could be contaminated.
149
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination began providing bottled water to residents in the area who cannot
use their water supply due to contamination from the site. The parties also placed
a temporary cap on the waste oil pond in the southern part of the landfill to keep
contaminants from migrating from the site. In 1991, the waste oil pit was fenced and warning
signs were posted along the perimeter of the landfill.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties started a study of site
contamination in 1987. Upon completion of these studies, scheduled for late 1993,
a cleanup remedy will be selected.
Site Facts: A potentially responsible party signed an order in 1987 in which they agreed to
complete an investigation determining the nature and extent of site contamination. Sidney
Landfill, also on the NPL, is located directly across from the Richardson Hill Road Landfill
site.
Environmental Progress
By providing bottled water to those residents affected by contaminated groundwater, capping
the waste oil pond, and securing the waste oil pit, the potentially responsible parties have
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials. The Richardson Hill Road Landfill
Site no longer poses an immediate threat to the surrounding community or the environment
while investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup remedy are taking place.
Site Repository
Sidney Memorial Public Library, Main Street, Sidney, NY 13838
March 1992 150 RICHARDSON HILL ROAD LANDFILL SITE
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ROBINTECH ING.
NATIONAL PIRE
COMPANY
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD002232957
Site Description —
EPA REGION 2
Broome County
Town of Vestal
The Robintech, Inc./National Pipe Company site is an active manufacturing facility,
approximately 12 acres in size, in the Town of Vestal. The site was owned by Robinson
Technical Products from 1966 to 1970; Robintech, Inc. from 1970 to 1982; and the National
Pipe Co. from 1982 to the present. The facility manufactures polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe
from inert PVC resin and assembles plastic-coated cable. The New York State Department
of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) conducted an investigation in 1984 to verify
compliance with discharge permits. The investigation found that certain organic chemicals
were above standards that were not covered under the existing permit. Further investigations
found that the source of the contamination was the groundwater, pumped from beneath the
site and used in the pipe production cooling system. The area immediately north of the site is
a marshy wetland area. An adjacent recreational facility, Skate Estate, received surface
drainage from the National Pipe Co. site in the past. Three municipal wells, serving the
Vestal public water supply, are located about 1/2 mile from the site. An estimated 27,000
people reside within 3 miles of the site. The groundwater in the area is used for municipal
well water; approximately 7,300 people are dependent on the well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including benzene, toluene, and trichlorethylene. The soil and sediments
are suspected to be contaminated with lead. Potential harmful health effects
include drinking contaminated groundwater and coming in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater or soil. Surface water runoff leaving the site may have
overflowed onto the Skate Estate property in the past. Preliminary investigations
conducted in 1991 did not reveal any potential health threats.
151
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the soils
and cleanup of the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Soils: The parties potentially responsible for contamination have agreed to
conduct an investigation to determine the nature and extent of soil contamination
and to identify alternatives for cleanup. This investigation is expected to begin in
late 1992.
Groundwater: The EPA negotiated an agreement with the potentially responsible
party to investigate the nature and extent of groundwater contamination. The
investigation, completed in early 1991, resulted in the EPA selecting a remedy that
includes air stripping the contaminants from the groundwater. The design of the groundwater
cleanup remedy is expected to begin in early 1993.
Site Facts: In October 1987, the EPA signed an order with the parties potentially
responsible for site contamination to complete an investigation determining the extent and
nature of contamination and identifying alternatives for cleanup of the groundwater and soils.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has conducted a preliminary evaluation of the conditions at the site and determined
that no immediate actions are required to make the site safer while further investigations and
are taking place and cleanup remedies are being designed.
Site Repository
Vestal Public Library, 320 Vestal Parkway, East, Vestal, NY 13850
March 1992 152 ROBINTECH INC./ NATIONAL PIPE COMPANY
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ROSEN BROTHER
SCRAP YARP/
DUMP
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD982272734
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Cortland County
City of Cortland
Other Names:
Rosen Brothers
Scrap King, Inc.
The Rosen Brothers Scrap Yard/Dump site covers 20 acres adjacent to a
residential/commercial area in Cortland. The site is an abandoned industrial facility that
formerly manufactured wire screens. Before the facility burned down in 1970, Wickwire
Brothers, Inc. produced small metal items and disposed of industrial waste on the site. From
1971 to 1985, the site operated as a scrap yard, car crushing, and scrap metal processing
facility by Philip and Harvey Rosen. Municipal waste, industrial waste, construction waste,
timbers, and drums were disposed of in an unlined open dump approximately 100 feet long,
50 feet wide, and 15 to 20 feet deep. Approximately 500 drums, their contents unknown and
many of them leaking, were found on the surface buried in two separate areas. Also on the
surface were crushed cars and refrigerators, 5,000-gallon steel tanks, approximately 10 fuel
truck tanks, and an open pit containing water with an oily surface. In 1972, 1984, and 1985,
the Cortland County Health Department cited the Rosen Brothers for violating State and
County laws concerning waste handling. In 1985, the Health Department ordered the Rosen
Brothers to take some needed safety and cleanup measures, but the company did not comply
with the order. Also in 1985, the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC) found that a building and a 150-foot smoke stack were structurally
unsound. The site overlies the Cortland-Homer-Preble Aquifer, a glacial outwash sand and
gravel deposit. Public and private wells tapping the aquifer within 3 miles of the site are the
sole source of drinking water for an estimated 24,000 people. The population within a 1-mile
radius of the site is approximately 15,000. Perplexity Creek borders the site and discharges
about 2 miles downstream to the Tioughnioga River, which is used for recreational activities.
The southern border of the site abuts Cortland City High School. The Rosen site was used as
a natural travel route for students walking to school.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
153
March 1992
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Threats and Contaminants
In 1986, NYSDEC detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in on-site wells
and soil samples. On-site sediments contain pesticides, cyanide, chromium, and
lead. An oily film was observed on the Tioughnioga River. The installation of a
fence around the site, combined with a weekly maintenance inspection, has
eliminated the possibility of individuals, except those doing the cleanup work,
coming into contact with on-site wastes.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status —
Immediate Actions: In 1987, the potentially responsible parties, under
monitoring by the EPA, fenced the site, secured and segregated containers of
hazardous materials, removed a number of gas cylinders, and sampled wastes.
Beginning in late 1989, all surficial hazardous wastes, including visibly stained soils and drums,
were removed from the site.
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for the
contamination began an investigation in 1990 to determine the type and extent of
contamination remaining on site and to identify alternative technologies for the
cleanup. To date, test borings have been drilled; a soil gas survey has been conducted; and
surface water, sediments, groundwater, and soil samples have been taken. The groundwater
sampling included the installation of upgradient and downgradient wells. All investigation
results are expected in late 1994, at which time final cleanup actions will be selected by the
EPA.
Site Facts: In September 1988, the EPA issued an order requiring Dallas Corp., Keystone
Consolidated Industries, Inc., and Monarch Machine Tool Co. to secure the site and to
transport hazardous wastes to an EPA-approved facility. In January 1990, the EPA signed an
Administrative Order on Consent with Dallas Corp., Monarch Machine Tool Company, and
Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. to perform an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. In February 1990, the EPA issued a Unilateral Order requiring
Cooper Industries, Inc., Keystone Consolidated Industries, Inc., Potter Paint Company, Inc.,
Harvey M. Rosen, and Smith Corona Corp. to participate in the investigation.
March 1992 154 ROSEN BROTHERS SCRAP YARD/DUMP
-------
Environmental Progress
By fencing the site and removing many of the hazardous materials visible on the surface of
the site, the EPA has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Rosen
Brothers Scrap Yard/Dump. The potentially responsible parties are conducting investigations
into final cleanup solutions for the remaining contamination at the site.
Site Repository
Cortland Free Library, 32 Church Street, Cortland, NY 13045
ROSEN BROTHERS SCRAP YARD/DUMP
155
March 1992
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ROWE INDUSTRI
GROUNDWA
CONTAMINAI
NEW YORK
EPA ID#NYD981486954
Site Description
REGION 2
Suffolk County
1,500 feet south of the
Village of Sag Harbor
Other Names:
Sag Harbor Groundwater
Contamination Site
The Rowe Industries Groundwater Contamination site is located on the eastern side of the
Sag Harbor Bridgehampton Turnpike and consists of approximately 5 acres. From the 1950s
through the early 1960s, the site was owned and operated by Rowe Industries, Inc. During
that time, the company manufactured small electric motors and transformers. Rowe
Industries was purchased by Aurora Plastics, Inc. in the late 1960s and by Nabisco, Inc. in the
early 1970s. In 1980, the site was sold to Sag Harbor Industries, which uses the facility to
manufacture electronic devices. Reports from former workers indicated that spent solvents
were discharged through drains leading from the building into cesspools, directly onto the
land surface, or to a small pond farther east. Groundwater contamination first was discovered
in the Sag Harbor area in 1983. The Suffolk County Department of Health Services
(SCDHS) stated that water samples taken from a private well revealed contamination by
solvents and iron. As a result of these findings, the SCDHS and the EPA conducted further
investigations. The results of monitoring studies of 46 private wells and 21 observation wells
in 1984 indicated that the contaminated groundwater plume was approximately 500 feet wide,
flowed northeast of the site, and contained chlorinated hydrocarbons. Approximately 6,000
people within a 3-mile radius of the site use groundwater as their primary source of drinking
water.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including tetrachloroethene and
trichloroethene were detected in on-site monitoring wells. Health threats may exist
from the migration of contaminants from the groundwater or chemical vapors in
the air. Potential contact with contaminated groundwater through drinking well
water is no longer a concern, because a safe public water supply was made
available to the affected residences in late 1984; public water was installed for all
homes in the area in 1985.
156
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In response to the contaminated drinking water, the EPA
extended the public water supply mains to the 25 affected homes in 1985.
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, Nabisco, Inc. and Sag Harbor Industries, Inc.
initiated an investigation in 1989 to determine the type and extent of groundwater
contamination and to identify alternatives for the cleanup. The investigation is
expected to be completed in late 1992; the final cleanup approach will be selected soon
thereafter.
Site Facts: In February 1988, the EPA sent letters to potentially responsible parties
notifying them of their possible involvement. In September 1988, Nabisco, Inc. and Sag
Harbor Industries, Inc. signed an Administrative Order on Consent agreeing to investigate
the extent of contamination on the property and in the vicinity of the site.
Environmental Progress
By providing a safe drinking water supply to those residences affected by contaminated
groundwater, the EPA has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants in the well
water while site investigations into the final cleanup remedy continue.
•» »
Site Repository "
John Jermain Memorial Library, Main Street, Sag Harbor, NY 11963
ROWE INDUSTRIES 157 March 1992
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
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SARNEY FARM^^KTO EP* REGION 2
FT;",.'•: . Df>-v__J-T-J ) Dutchess County
NEW YORK P^v: rTTVi Amenia
EPAID# NYD980535165
Site Description
The Sarney Farm site is an open dump in a farming area of Amenia, New York. Several
small villages are located nearby. A former owner used a 5-acre section of the property, and
at least one outlying area, as a dump for municipal and industrial wastes. The site received
ethylene dichloride in 55-gallon drums, cleaning solvents, inks, acids, water-base glue, and
machine oil from 1965 until 1969. Groundwater contamination was confirmed by the
Dutchess County Department of Health in 1982 and by New York State in 1984. The site is
500 feet from Cleaver Swamp, which has provided water for farm livestock in the past. There
are 22 residential wells utilizing the bedrock aquifer within 3,000 feet of the site. There are
no public water supplies located within the area. Approximately 3,000 people live within 1
mile of the site; 10,000 live within 3 miles of the site.
e-* D -U-I-* TU- • • u • i^ ^ u u NpL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
ZEJ
Groundwater beneath the site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including toluene, dichloroethane, and vinyl chloride. Leachate analysis
has identified VOCs including acetone, toluene, and xylenes. Potential contaminant
migration is limited to Cleaver Swamp, which receives surface water runoff from
the disposal areas and is a local groundwater discharge area. The major health
concern is the domestic use of contaminated groundwater. There has been a
decrease in agricultural use of the area, including pasturing of domestic livestock.
Therefore, exposure to contaminants through the consumption of livestock has
been essentially eliminated.
158 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In an effort to reduce the potential for organic pollutants
to migrate to Cleaver Swamp, the EPA began developing a
biodegradation/aeration treatment system in 1987. The system is used to treat
leachate and wastes from the original dump site and migratory areas. The reactor consists of
a grid of french drains with perforated drain piping flowing into a concrete pit, aeration
equipment in the pit, a control building, a nutrient batching system, pumps, electrical power
supply, and process controls.
Entire Site: The EPA completed an investigation into the type and extent of
contamination at the site in 1990. The cleanup action plan includes on-site
low-temperature thermal treatment of contaminated soils, off-site disposal of
drums, and hydrogeological testing. The design of the soil cleanup remedy is expected to be
completed in early 1993. Drum removal began in early 1992 and is expected to be completed
in late 1992. A groundwater investigation currently is being performed to further define the
areas of groundwater contamination.
Environmental Progress
Ongoing drum removals combined with the operation of the treatment system for the
contaminated leachate and wastes from the Sarney Farm site are reducing the migration of
and the threat of exposure to contaminants at the Sarney Farm site while final cleanup
activities are underway.
Site Repository
Amenia Town Hall, Mechanic Street, Amenia, NY 12501
SARNEY FARM 159 March 1992
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SEALAND
WI-J-ll- '•••^ ~ .» T-I—i < St. Lawrence County
Lisbon
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980535181
Site Description
The Sealand Restoration, Inc. site covers 210 acres and is located in the Village of Lisbon.
The site, formerly a dairy farm, was acquired by Sealand Restoration in 1977 and was
operated as a waste disposal facility. Petroleum wastes were landfilled in a disposal cell near
the southern site boundary or spread on the ground surface in the central and northern parts
of the site. Three areas are being addressed: a landspread area, an empty drum storage area,
and a disposal cell located 100 yards from a wetland. Approximately 1,000 people reside
within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including benzene, trichloroethene, toluene, acetone and trichloroethane.
Surface water is contaminated with aluminum, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc.
Low levels of polychorinated biphenyls (PCB's), pesticides, phenols and heavy
metals were found in the landspread area. Potential health risks exist to those who
come into direct contact with the contaminants, accidentally ingest contaminated
vegetation, or drink the contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at interim source
control and cleanup of the entire site.
160 March 1992
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Response Action Status
Interim Source Control: Aboveground wastes were removed from the cell
disposal area in 1984 and from the empty drum storage area in 1986 and 1987 by
the County of St. Lawrence, using funds appropriated by the New York State
Legislature. From 1989 to 1990, the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation removed contaminated soils, buried drums, and wastewater from the cell
disposal area.
Entire Site: A study to determine the type and extent of groundwater, surface
water, and sediment contamination began in 1990 and is scheduled for completion
in 1994, at which time appropriate cleanup remedies will be selected. This study
also will determine if there is remaining soil contamination.
Environmental Progress
By removing the drums and contaminated soils from the Sealand Restoration site and placing
a fence around the cell disposal area, the possibility of people being directly exposed to
hazardous materials at the site has been reduced. Further investigations to determine the
extent of groundwater and remaining soil contamination and to select the final cleanup
remedies for the site are underway.
Site Repository
Lisbon Town Hall, 62 Main Street, Lisbon, NY 13658
SEALAND RESTORATION, INC.
161
March 1992
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SENECA ARMY
DEPOT
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NY0213820830
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Seneca County
Near the Town of Romulus
The Seneca Army Depot site encompasses 10,587 acres. It lies between Cayuga and Seneca
Lakes in the Finger Lakes region and abuts the Town of Romulus. The Army has stored and
disposed of military explosives at the facility since 1941. There is an unlined 4-acre landfill in
the western portion of the depot, where incinerator ash was disposed of intermittently from
1941 until 1979. The site also has two incinerator pits adjacent to the landfill, where refuse
was burned at least once a week from 1941 to 1974, and a 90-acre area in the northwestern
portion of the depot, where explosives were detonated and related wastes burned on
fractured shale pads until 1987. At the APE-1236 Deactivation Furnace on the depot, small
arms are destroyed. Seneca Army Depot employs about 800 civilians and 300 to 400 military
employees. Approximately 1,000 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3
miles of the depot.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including trichloroethylene (TCE), vinyl chloride, and chloroform. Soils are
contaminated with heavy metals and VOCs. Those who accidentally ingest or come
into direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil may suffer adverse
health effects.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the ash
landfill and the open burning grounds. Additional areas of concern are expected to be added
to the site in the future.
162
March 1992
-------
Response Action Status
work began in 1991.
Ash Landfill: The Army is conducting an investigation to determine the nature
and extent of contamination in the ash landfill area. The EPA provided the Army
with comments, which were incorporated into the investigation work plan. Field
Open Burning Grounds: The Army is conducting an investigation to determine
the extent of contamination in the open burning grounds. The EPA has provided
the Army with comments which were incorporated into the investigation workplan.
Field work began in 1991. An additional 63 Solid Waste Management Units (SWMU) have
been identified. The EPA, the Army, and the State will address some of these areas through
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)/State permit process. Other areas of
concern will be addressed under an interagency agreement. Areas of concern will be added
on an ongoing basis by the three parties involved and later will be grouped into specific
cleanup phases. It is expected that an additional 10 to 15 separate contaminated areas will be
addressed by future actions.
Site Facts: The Seneca Army Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program,
a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to
identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and
other DOD facilities. The EPA, the Army, and the State signed an Interagency Agreement.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Seneca Army Depot site to the NPL, the EPA determined, after an initial
evaluation, that the site did not require immediate actions to make it safer to the surrounding
communities or the environment while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup
remedies are underway.
Site Repository
Not established.
SENECA ARMY DEPOT 163 March 1992
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SIDNEY LAND
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD9805076r?
EPA REGION 2
Delaware County
Sidney
Site Description
The Sidney Landfill site covers 50 acres of a hilltop located on the eastern side of Richardson
Hill Road, approximately 1 mile from Route 27 in the Town of Sidney. This landfill is located
in a sparsely populated area of steep hills, woods, and farmland. The Sidney Landfill operated
from 1964 until 1972 and accepted municipal and commercial waste, and possibly, waste oils.
Waste streams from the landfill may have contained organic solvents and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). Groundwater and surface water in the area could become contaminated,
because the landfill is located on a hilltop and slope, where water can flow in different
directions at the same time. A wetland area and Herrick Hollow Creek are immediately
downslope from the site. A private well at the base of the hill was closed because of a high
iron content. Organic solvents are present in the bedrock and soil off site. This poses a threat
to local springs that feed into nearby drainages. The site is covered, but is not properly
capped to prevent water from seeping through it. Leachate seeps have been associated with
this landfill since the 1960s. This is a sparsely populated area of woods and farmlands, where
1,700 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater on and off site contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including solvents and PCBs. The leachate, sediments, and surface water on site
contain VOCs. Solvents and PCBs are found in the on-site soils. The site is not
completely fenced, which makes it possible for people and animals to come into
direct contact with hazardous substances in the soils on site. People would be more
likely to come into direct contact with hazardous chemicals at leachate seeps and
drainage ditches along Richardson Hill Road. Exposure to hazardous chemicals
also could occur if the soil or bedrock off site contaminates the springs and
groundwater that local area residents use for bathing and drinking.
164
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Approximately 80 warning signs were posted around the
perimeter of the landfill.
Entire Site: The EPA began a study of this site in 1990 to determine the nature
and extent of contamination on and off site. The EPA plans to complete the study
in 1992, at which time it will select the final remedy for cleaning up the site.
Site Facts: The EPA sent 53 information request letters and followed up on 15 of those
letters notifying potentially responsible parties of their liability and requesting them to initiate
cleanup actions. Richardson Hill Road Landfill Site, also listed on the NPL, is located directly
across from the Sidney Landfill site.
Environmental Progress
The EPA's preliminary evaluations determined that no other immediate cleanup actions were
needed at the Sidney Landfill site while the investigations leading to the selection of a final
remedy are taking place.
Site Repository
Sidney Memorial Public Library, Main Street, Sidney, NY 13838
SIDNEY LANDFILL
165
March 1992
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SINCLAIR REFINE
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD98053521
EPA REGION 2
Allegany County
S. Brooklyn Avenue in Wellsville
Site Description
The Sinclair Refinery site covers approximately 114 acres where the Wellsville Refining
Company refined oil from the late 1800s until 1924. The Sinclair Refining Company (now
ARCO) purchased the property in 1924 and operated it until 1958, when a fire ended
operations. The property changed ownership during the next few years, including the Town
and Village of Wellsville, the State University of New York, and the various companies now
owning and occupying the site. Various types of wastes including cloth filters, oil sludges,
contaminated soil, pesticides, heavy metals, and fly ash were disposed of in an on-site landfill
over a 30-year period. The landfill consists of a 9-acre Centra! Elevated Landfill Area, a
2-acre South Landfill Area, and a 1-acre sand and gravel area between the two landfills. The
landfill part of the site is located along the west bank of the Genesee River, about 1 1/4
miles upstream from the Village of Wellsville's original water supply intake pipe. The EPA,
the State, and ARCO relocated the town's river water intake farther upstream of the landfill
in 1985, so contaminants in that part of the river no longer threaten the water supply. The
river is eroding the ground under the landfill, and surface waters off site could become
contaminated if the river's flood waters are high enough to reach the landfill. Approximately
6,000 people live within a mile of the landfill. Several businesses and the State University of
New York's Alfred Campus are located on the refinery portion of the Sinclair property.
Approximately 500 people use the buildings located on this part of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State,
municipal, and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/23/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
petrochemicals, and heavy metals. Potential human exposure from drinking water
has been essentially eliminated as a result of the relocation of the Wellsville Water
Treatment Plant intake pipe. On-site workers who inhale or touch contaminated
groundwater or soil could be at risk. Prolonged exposure to contaminated dust
from isolated "hot spots" on site also could present a risk to individuals.
166
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on stabilization of the landfill and source control in the refinery area of the
site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, ARCO removed approximately 10 loose drums
from the Genesee River. In 1983, the State of New York diverted the Genesee
River away from the eroding face of the landfill and placed dredged material
there as temporary protection against erosion. Later in 1983, the Village of Wellsville,
Allegany County, and the State of New York stabilized the berm constructed to divert the
Genesee River to protect the eroding landfill. In 1985, the Town's river water intake was
relocated upstream from the landfill.
Stabilization of the Landfill: The EPA selected the following remedies to
stabilize the eroding landfill: remove approximately 300 drums from the landfill
and dispose of them off site; excavate wastes from the 2-acre landfill area; place
clean fill in the excavated area; consolidate excavated wastes to the central landfill area; (4)
cap consolidated wastes in the central landfill area; partially channelize the Genesee River to
protect the landfill from erosion or flooding; and construct a fence around the entire landfill
to secure it. The river channelization and landfill consolidation activities were completed in
1991. The design for the landfill cap was completed in late 1991. Construction of the cap is
scheduled to begin in late 1992.
Source Control/Refinery Site: In 1991, the EPA selected the following
remedies to address soil and groundwater contamination from the refinery area of
the site: excavating surface soils that exceed health-based cleanup criteria and
consolidating those soils in the central landfill area; extracting and treating contaminated
groundwater for discharge; and monitoring site media, including groundwater and surface
water, for possible contaminant migration. Design activities to excavate the soil began in
1991. Actual excavation is expected to begin in 1992. Cleanup designs are expected to be
completed in early 1994.
Site Facts: An agreement was signed between the Village of Wellsville, the State of New
York, and ARCO, which detailed how ARCO would finance the plan to stabilize the
diversion berm constructed by the State in 1983. The EPA sent a Letter of Acceptance to
ARCO in April 1988, accepting their proposed work on the Genesee River.
SINCLAIR REFINERY 167 March 1992
-------
Environmental Progress
The removal of many sources of contamination and the actions taken to ensure a safe
drinking water supply have made the site safer while work to stabilize the landfill continues.
Further cleanup activities to control the source of contamination at the Sinclair Refinery site
are in progress.
Site Repository
David A. Howe Library, 155 North Main Street, Wellsville, NY 14895
March 1992
168
SINCLAIR REFINERY
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QM^ ^r^-—^^^^ EPA REGION 2
OIVI° { - --^^? Suffolk County
Deer Park
INC.
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD001533165
Site Description
SMS Instruments, Inc. is located in a light industrial area in Deer Park. The site consists of a
one-story 34,000-square-foot masonry building on 1 1/2 acres. Approximately 80 percent of
the lot is paved with asphalt. From 1971 to 1983, SMS Instruments, Inc. overhauled military
aircraft components. Industrial wastes generated from degreasing and other refurbishing
operations routinely were discharged to a leaching pool on site. Another source of waste
disposal was a 6,000-gallon underground storage tank used for jet fuel storage. In 1979 to
1980, the Suffolk County Department of Health detected solvents in the pool. The County
installed monitoring wells, and subsequent investigations at the site during 1981 revealed 70
drums stored outdoors in an unprotected area, some showing evidence of corrosion and
leakage. More than 50 industrial facilities are located within a 1-mile radius of the site, and a
large groundwater recharge basin is located adjacent to the eastern side of the site. The basin
is located in the recharge zone of the Magothy aquifer, a sole source aquifer for Long Island.
The Magothy aquifer is the only source of drinking water for the estimated 124,000 residents
in the vicinity of the site. Approximately 17,000 residences are located within a mile of the
site. Several schools are situated to the south of the site. The headwaters of Sampawams
Creek, which feeds into Guggenheim Lakes, lie a mile southeast of the site. Belmont Lake
State Park is less than 2 miles to the southwest.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions. Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Industrial waste from the metal degreasing and refurbishing operations caused
groundwater contamination with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
xylene, toluene, and benzene. The on-site leaching pools were contaminated with
heavy metals including chromium, zinc, lead, and cadmium. Soil is contaminated
with chlorinated solvents. Potential health risks may exist for individuals drinking,
touching, or inhaling vapors from the contaminated groundwater. The Suffolk
Department of Health Services has indicated that residents in the vicinity of the
site may maintain private wells for irrigation purposes, but not as a source of
drinking water.
169 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and cleanup of the off-site contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The leaching pool was pumped out, filled with sand, and
sealed in 1983. The underground storage tank was removed in 1988.
Entire Site: The EPA's plan to clean up the site includes extracting and treating
groundwater at the site and discharging it back to the ground. Soils will be treated
on site by air stripping to remove contaminants. The designs to clean the soils
were completed in mid-1992 and cleanup activities were initiated immediately. The designs for
groundwater cleanup are expected to be completed in mid-1992.
Off-Site Contamination: In May 1990, the EPA began an investigation to
determine the type and extent of contamination off site. The investigation is
expected to be completed by mid-1993. Based on the result of this investigation, a
plan to control and clean up the source of this contamination will be developed.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions described above have reduced the spread of on-site contamination
while groundwater and soil cleanup activities are being designed and implemented and the
investigation of off-site contamination is underway at the SMS Instruments, Inc. site.
Site Repository
Deer Park Public Library, 44 Lake Avenue, Deer Park, NY 11729
March 1992
170
SMS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
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SOLVENT ^C\^\ EPA REGION 2
^ W *-V •-' ^ ' ^>^t\ Chenango County
SAVERS r~~™ """ ~^^> r~^ Lincklaen
NEW YORK
EPAID# NYD98042117
Site Description
The Solvent Savers site covers 13 acres in the Town of Lincklaen. Industrial solvents and
other wastes were brought to the chemical waste recovery facility for reprocessing or disposal
from 1967 until 1974. Operations included distillation to recover solvents for reuse, drum
reconditioning, and burial of liquids, solids, sludges, and drums in several on-site areas. The
quantities and types of wastes disposed of at the site and their locations are not fully known.
Two residences are located within 300 feet of the site. Public water supplies do not exist in
the general area; therefore, the residents rely on private wells. The Town of Lincklaen has a
population of approximately 500 people. Fifteen dairy farms are located in the town. Pastures
for dairy cows are located 2 miles from the site along a portion of Mud Creek, which is
downstream of the site. Mud Creek is classified as a trout stream by the State and is used for
recreational activities and livestock watering. In addition, alfalfa, corn, and other crops for
public and livestock consumption are grown in the area.
ev* o -U-I-* -ru- v • u • 44 A ,u u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
zra
The groundwater, surface water, sediments, and soil are contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) including tetrachloroethane, trichloroethylene, and
trichloroethane. The soil and groundwater contain heavy metals such as arsenic,
barium, cadmium, and zinc. The soil also is contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediments may be at risk. Cows grazing in
nearby pastures may be harmed if contaminants migrate to the fields. Wildlife in
and around Mud Creek may be exposed to pollutants seeping from the site into
the water.
171 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA has excavated 127 drums, some badly corroded,
and overpacked them into leakproof outer drums. These drums were disposed of
by the potentially responsible parties at a federally approved facility. The EPA
expects the potentially responsible parties to remove the remaining 200 cubic yards of
contaminated soil by the end of 1992.
Entire Site: The EPA completed a study of the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site in 1990. The selected remedy includes chemical
precipitation, air stripping, and carbon adsorption cleanup of contaminated
groundwater; excavation of contaminated soils; low temperature thermal extraction for the
excavated VOC-contaminated soils; and off-site removal of the excavated PCB-contaminated
soils for incineration and disposal. Further studies will be performed to assess the feasibility of
these remedies. Design of the chosen cleanup technology is expected to be completed by late
1993.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to the parties potentially
responsible for the site contamination, directing them to take responsibility for cleaning up
the site. In 1991, the EPA issued a second Administrative Order to the potentially responsible
parties requiring them to undertake design and cleanup activities in accordance with the
remedy selected for the site.
Environmental Progress
The excavation, stabilization, and disposal of many of the drums discovered at the site have
reduced the risk of people being exposed to hazardous materials while cleanup activities are
ongoing at the Solvent Savers site.
Site Repository
Pond's Store, 567 Star Route, DeRuyter, NY 13052
March 1992 172 SOLVENT SAVERS
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SUFFERN VILLAG
WELL FIELD
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD9807808
Site Description
The Suffern Village Well Field site covers 30 acres in the Village of Suffern. The Village
operates four production wells that provide water to approximately 12,000 people at a rate of
almost 2 million gallons per day. In 1978, the State detected trichloroethane, a volatile
organic compound (VOC), in the municipal water distribution system. Currently, wells 1, 2,
and 4 are shut down due to the contamination. The Tempcon Corporation, a small oil burner
reconditioning business, was identified as the source of the contamination. The company is
located 2,500 feet uphill of the well field. Until 1979, the company used a seepage disposal pit
and trichloroethane-based solvents. During investigations, coal gasification wastes were found
at the Econo-Body Truck and Equipment Corporation, located approximately 400 feet away
from the well field. Approximately 10,800 people live in the Village of Suffern. All of the
residents in the area use municipally treated water. The well field is adjacent to the Ramapo
River.
ev. » -u-iu -ru- • • u • ,, A u u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater was contaminated with VOCs, primarily trichloroethane, and lesser
amounts of dichloroethane and naphthalene. Soils also were contaminated with
VOCs. Site studies have indicated that threats to the health of the nearby
population and environment are no longer significant.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed through immediate actions; further investigations showed that no
other cleanup actions are required,
173 March 1992
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1979, the contaminated soil located at the Tempcon
facility was excavated, aerated, and then backfilled. In 1979, the Village installed
a system to remove pollutants in the municipal water supply by exposing the water
to air to evaporate contaminants. This system was operated intermittently and currently is not
in service.
Entire Site: The State completed an investigation of the site contamination in
1987. Based on the study results, the State and the EPA determined that the
immediate actions undertaken by the Village had reduced the threats and that no
further cleanup actions were warranted. However, the State has continued to monitor the site
to ensure that the site cleanup has been effective. As a result of the first year of monitoring,
the site is being considered for deletion from the NPL.
Site Facts: In order to meet new State drinking water quality standards, the Village installed
an activated carbon treatment system at the wellfield in 1990.
Environmental Progress
The immediate cleanup actions at the Suffcrn Village Well Field site have reduced the
threats of exposure to contaminants, therefore protecting public health and the environment.
The State will continue to monitor the site to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the
remedy while procedures to delete the site from the NPL are being initiated.
Site Repository
Suffern Free Library, Maple and Washington Avenues, Suffern, NY 10907
March 1992
174
SUFFERN VILLAGE WELL FIELD
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SYOSSET
LANDFILL
NEW YORK
EPAID* NYD000511360
Site Description
The Syosset Landfill, in the Town of Oyster Bay, is approximately 35 acres in size. The
landfill is bordered by the Long Island Railroad to the northwest and the Cerro Wire and
Cable Company plant to the southwest. Single family residences and an elementary school are
located to the northeast of the site. Offices and storage yards for the Town of Oyster Bay
Sanitation and Highway Departments occupy the southern end of the site. From 1933 to
1975, the landfill received mixed municipal refuse, cesspool pump-out wastes, and industrial
wastes from such sources as Cerro Wire and Cable Corp., Columbia Corrugated Container
Corp., and the Hooker Chemical Company located in Hicksville. Investigations revealed high
concentrations of heavy metals in the industrial sludges being deposited, as well as in wastes
discharged from scavenger plant operations. In addition, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
in two private wells and one Jericho Water District well were substantially above safe
drinking water levels. In 1974, the public water well located 600 feet from the landfill was
closed due to taste and odor problems allegedly resulting from the leachate plume coming
from the landfill. Gas migration from the landfill to the South Grove School, which is located
along one side of the site, was documented on several different occasions in the early 1980s.
A permanent ventilation trench subsequently was constructed along the school landfill border.
Approximately 59,000 people depend on groundwaler from public and municipal wells for
drinking water in the area. The nearest well is 2,000 feet from the site. There are
approximately 1,200 homes, 12 public schools, and one hospital complex located within 1 1/4
miles from the site.
_.t _ .. ...t ,-..... , . , , - NPL. LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains low levels of VOCs including vinyl chloride, benzene,
toluene, and xylene; heavy metals including lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium,
manganese, and iron; and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Accidental ingestion
of and direct contact with contaminated groundwater are potential health threats
for individuals living near the site. Health threats associated with gas migration
from the landfill have been eliminated.
175 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the on- and off-site contamination.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: A permanent ventilation trench has been constructed to
reduce gas migration from the site to the school area. Air analysis performed in
1983 indicated that the gas concentrations in the area north of the ventilation
trench were reduced to non-detectable levels.
On-Site Contamination: The potentially responsible party completed an
investigation to determine the extent and nature of on-site contamination. The
EPA selected a remedy in 1990, which includes capping the landfill, monitoring
and maintaining the gas collection system, installing an additional gas venting system,
monitoring the air and groundwater quality, maintaining the fence around the perimeter of
the landfill, and implementing institutional controls to restrict future use of the landfill. The
design of the remedy began in 1991.
Off-Site Contamination: The potentially responsible parties plan to address the
possible migration of contaminants from the landfill. A work plan for this
investigation has been submitted, and field work which began in mid-1992 will
measure the extent of off-site contamination and identify alternatives for the cleanup.
Environmental Progress
Elimination of gas vapor migration from the landfill has made the air around the site safe to
breathe. The EPA's preliminary evaluations showed that the Syosset Landfill site does not
pose any other immediate threats to. the neighboring community or the environment while
investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies and design activities are
taking place.
Site Repository
Syosset Public Library, 225 South Oyster Bay Road, Syosset, NY 11791
March 1992 176 SYOSSET LANDFILL
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TRI-CITIES B
CO., INC.
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980509285
EPA REGION 2
Broome County
Adjacent to Old Route 7 in Fenton
Site Description
Tri-Cities Barrel Co., Inc. is a 3 1/2-acre site in the Town of Fenton where, since 1955, used
drums have been reconditioned. The drums are washed with a strong caustic agent as part of
the reconditioning process. The wastewater from this process originally was discharged into
unlined lagoons and allowed to evaporate. This process continued until 1980. The company
cleaned out and backfilled the lagoons and now stores the wastewater in a holding tank
before it is disposed of off site. Osborne Creek crosses the northern part of the site, and
local residents use surface water downstream and within 3 miles of the site for recreation.
Approximately 3,500 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 05/05/89
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater contains polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlordane, a
pesticide. The soil is contaminated with a variety of organic compounds and heavy
metals. Direct contact with or ingestion of contaminated groundwater or soils may
pose a health threat. The site is unfenced, making it possible for people and
animals to come into direct contact with hazardous substances. There is fishing and
boating activity about a mile south of the site. In addition, surface water also is
used for irrigation at two nearby farms.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
177
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1992, the parties potentially responsible for contamination began
to study the nature and extent of contamination of the site. The study is scheduled
to be completed in 1994. The EPA will use the results of this study as a basis for
selecting the best methods to clean up the site.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA fined Tri-Citics Barrel Co., Inc. for failure to label hazardous
wastes properly. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination initiated an
investigation into site contamination in response to a Consent Order issued by the EPA.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Tri-Cities Barrel Co., Inc. site to the NPL, the EPA conducted an initial
evaluation and determined that no immediate cleanup actions were necessary while the
investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup remedy are taking place.
Site Repository
Not established.
March 1992
178
TRI-CITIES BARREL CO., INC.
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TRONIC PLATING ^ EPA REGION 2
I nUmW ri-MI inVJ _ ^^^> Suffolk County
CO., INC. ^'^ ^>T Farmingdaie
NEW YORK
EPAID#NYD002059517
Site Description
The Tronic Plating Co., Inc. site comprises 1/2 acre of a 2 1/2-acre lot and is located in a
relatively flat area of Farmingdaie. Tronic Plating occupied the southeastern corner of a long
building in an industrial park area from 1968 to 1984, where it provided electroplating and
metal protective coating services for the electronics industry. The site consists of the long
building, two inside aboveground storage tanks, four underground leaching pools, and a storm
drain in the paved area to the northeast of the building. During its operation, the facility
discharged industrial wastes into a sanitary pit and the four underground leaching pools. The
storm drains, which were located approximately 40 feet from the northern rear door of the
operation, allegedly also were utilized by Tronic Plating to dispose of potentially hazardous
effluent. New York State issued a Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit to Tronic
Plating in 1980. Tests conducted by the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH)
in 1985 detected heavy metals including copper, silver, iron, zinc, lead, and cadmium in the •
leaching pools and in the storm drain. The company now is operating in another location.
The building space where it formerly operated is occupied by three small companies. About
16,000 people in the area use groundwater as their sole source of drinking water. The
population within a 1-mile radius of the site is estimated to be about 1,800 people. The
closest residences are located approximately 1,000 feet east of the site. An industrial school is
located 3/4 miles northeast of the site.
o-» D ~ -U-I-* TU- v • u • AA i ,u u LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is suspected to be contaminated with cyanide and heavy
metals. Surface water located in industrial process and waste streams (storm drains,
sanitary pools, leaching pools, piping to industrial pools, and the cooling water
pool) are contaminated with cyanide and heavy metals including nickel and lead. It
is assumed that the dissolved contaminants can migrate through the on-site soils
into the groundwater because of the sandy, highly permeable soil native to Long
Island. If migration should occur, area residents could be exposed to site-related
contaminants by drinking or coming in contact with the groundwater. Another
potential source of exposure to site-related contaminants is direct contact with
contaminated soils or inhalation of contaminants that have become airborne.
179 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for the site contamination started
an investigation defining the site contamination and effective cleanup methods in
1988 and anticipates completing it in 1993. The EPA will then evaluate
alternatives and select the most appropriate remedies for cleanup of the site.
Site Facts: Commerce Holding Company signed an Administrative Order on Consent that
obligates the company to conduct an investigation of site contamination under EPA
supervision.
Environmental Progress
After listing the Tronic Plating Co., Inc. site on the NPL, the EPA performed a preliminary
evaluation and determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the community
or the environment while investigations to determine final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Farmingdale Public Library, Main and Conklin Streets, Farmingdale, NY 11735
March 1992 180 TRONIC PLATING CO., INC.
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VESTAL WATEFF1 EPA REGION 2
V tO I f\l~ VVA1 I tin \ /TT1 Broome County
SUPPLY WELr "i~-l^—^ vestai
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980763767I
Site Description
The Vestal Water Supply Well 1-1 is located on the southern bank of the Susquehanna River
in Vestal. An industrial park is located immediately to the southeast of the well, along Stage
Road. Several marshy areas and drainage ditches encompass and interlace the industrial park.
The western portion of the site includes a water district well field, a soccer field, and a fire
department training center. Well 1-1 is one of three production wells in Water District 1
intended to provide drinking water to several water districts in the Vestal area. The well is
moderately contaminated with several volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including
trichloroethylene (TCE). Well 1-1 was the main source of water for District 1 until 1978,
when it was closed. Well 1-2 was the main source of water until 1988, but it is permanently
incapacitated as a result of wellscreen problems. Well 1-3 now is the primary supply of
drinking water to the service area. The original Vestal Water Supply Site also contained Well
4-2 in District 4. However, this well was separated into its own NPL site, Vestal Water Supply
Well 4-2, when it was discovered that the District 1 and 4 wells were contaminated by two
separate sources. Well 1-1 has pumped contaminated groundwater into the Susquehanna
River since 1980, in order to prevent the contaminant plume from affecting other District 1
wells. In late 1982, a preliminary investigation was conducted to determine the nature and
extent of the contamination. The industrial park along Stage Road was implicated as a
possible source. Some 27,000 people reside in the Town of Vestal, and approximately 17,000
rely on public water supplies for drinking water.
ev» » -U-I-* TU- • • u • jj 4 u u LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Federal and State actions. Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Pollution from the Stage Road Industrial Park apparently has caused the
groundwater to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals. Soils in the industrial park also contain VOCs and heavy metals. The
use of untreated water from Well 1-1 by the residents of Vestal could have
exposed a significant portion of the town's population to contaminants before the
well was taken out of service in 1980. The western portion of the site includes
several wetlands and a State-owned forest. The site also borders the Susquehanna
River and Choconut Creek, which face potential pollution from groundwater
contaminant migration.
181 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and source remediation.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Well 1-1 was removed from service in 1980.
Groundwater: Based on the results of the site investigation performed by the
State, the following cleanup methods were selected: restoration of District 1 water
supply capacity to the level that existed prior to the loss of Well 1-1; provision of a
water supply to the district that provides a high level of public health protection; hydraulic
containment of the plume contaminants by pumping Well 1-1, thereby protecting other
District 1 water supply wells; and treatment of groundwater from Well 1-1 by air stripping to
stop the discharge of contaminated water to the Susquchanna River. Since the yield of Well
1-1 has decreased to a level that may be insufficient to contain the plume of contamination,
the EPA is presently replacing Well 1-1 with a new well in a similar location and at original
capacity. The new well will be integrated with the air stripping facility and is scheduled to be
operational in late 1992.
Source Remediation: The EPA has completed an investigation that identified
specific source areas of contamination within the industrial park and evaluated
possible contaminant source control measures to eliminate further pollution of the
groundwater. Design of the selected remedy is underway and includes treatment of
contaminated soils by in-situ vapor extraction and monitoring of groundwater, with future
treatment for heavy metals, if necessary.
Environmental Progress
By closing down the contaminated well and making Well 1-3 the primary supplier of drinking
water, residents no longer are being exposed to contaminated drinking water. Well 1-1 will be
used again for the public water supply and will no longer be pumped into the Susquehanna
River as soon as the treatment system is operational, thus protecting the public health and
the environment. Soil cleanup actions currently being designed will eliminate the sources of
contamination at the site.
Site Repository
Vestal Town Hall, 605 Vestal Parkway, Vestal, NY 13850
March 1992 182 VESTAL WATER SUPPLY WELL 1-1
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VESTAL WATEfif~~\ EPA REGION 2
V tO I JUL. VVA-i I tri \ r^TTl Broome County
QI ID DI V f ^ ci 5 miles southwest of the
^ *^ • r L. I fc—4 Cjty of Binghamton
I /'i IV—\J I
WELL 4-2
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980652267
Site Description
The Vestal Water Supply Well 4-2 site is a municipal well contaminated by a bulk chemical
handling facility. Contamination was discovered in 1980, and the well was taken out of
service. The well has been contaminated with trichlorocthane, trichloroethylene (TCE), and
other solvent-related compounds. Similar contaminants were detected in Well 1-1 which is
located in Water District 1. The original Vestal Water Supply Site was separated into two
sites; the other site is known as Vestal Water Supply Well 1-1, which is also listed on the
NPL. This was done as a result of discovering that the separate plumes of contaminated
groundwater emanated from two different sources. Approximately 27,000 people reside within
3 miles of the site, and 17,000 people rely on public water supplies for drinking water.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Public Well 4-2 is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
TCE. Drinking or using the contaminated groundwater from Well 4-2 or using the
water for bathing or other domestic uses had been a potential health threat prior
to the installation of a water treatment system at the wellhead in 1989.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
183 March 1992
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Response Action Status
Initial Action: To protect public water supplies, Well 4-2 was removed from
service in 1980.
Entire Site: Since early 1989, the sile has been undergoing cleanup through the
use of carbon filtration and an air stripping process that removes volatile
contaminants by exposure to air. These ongoing treatment activities provide
potable water from Well 4-2 to Water District 4 while also cleaning up the groundwater
contamination in the area.
Site Facts: The State signed a settlement agreement with three potentially responsible
parties in 1984, which outlined cleanup actions and a series of groundwater standards that
must be achieved.
Environmental Progress
By closing Well 4-2, exposure to contaminants has been reduced, thereby protecting the
public health. Since 1989, groundwater treatment systems have been operating at the site and
continue to reduce groundwater contamination levels, while providing potable water service
from Well 4-2 to Water District 4.
Site Repository
Vestal Town Hall, 605 Vestal Parkway, Vestal, NY 13850
March 1992
184
VESTAL WATER SUPPLY WELL 4-2
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VOLNEY MUNICIPA
LANDFILL
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980509376
EPA REGION 2
swego County
k Road in Volney
Other Names:
Silk Road Landfill
Site Description
The Volney Municipal Landfill covers 85 acres in the Town of Volney, which is in a rural
area of Oswego County. The Oswego Valley Solid Refuse Disposal District Board
(OVSRDDB) owned and operated the landfill from 1969 to 1975, when Oswego County
bought it. From 1969 to 1983, the unlined landfill accepted municipal wastes from homes,
businesses, and light industries. The landfill expanded in the 1970s to include a drainage
system for collecting leachate in the central and northern sections. From 1974 to 1975, the
landfill accepted up to 8,000 barrels containing chemical residues from a local hazardous
waste treatment facility. Of these, between 50 and 200 barrels contained liquids of unknown
volume and composition. The County ceased disposal operations at the site in 1983, and by
the fall of 1985, the County completed closure of the landfill site. Leachate from the landfill
has contaminated sediments, groundwater, and surface water in the surrounding area.
Approximately 225 residents in this rural area use groundwater from private wells within 3
miles of the site. Twenty-five households within 1,000 feet of the landfill rely on groundwater
as a primary supply of drinking water.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and County actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
The groundwater contains heavy metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium,
chromium, mercury, and nickel. Sediments, surface water, and leachate from the
landfill contain heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzene. Potential pathways of exposure to the contaminants at the site include
drinking contaminated groundwater and surface water and accidental ingestion of
contaminated sediments and soil. Eating contaminated fish or animals could pose a
health threat as well. Geologic conditions at the site make it possible for wastes in
the deteriorating barrels on site to contaminate groundwater that serves as the
drinking water supply for local residents.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on controlling the
source of contamination and cleaning up the groundwater and surface water.
185
March 1992
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Response Action Status
Source Control: The County ceased operations at the landfill in 1983 and
completed closure of the landfill in the fall of 1985, including the 55-acre disposal
area and partial leachate collection. The EPA chose the following methods to
prevent the landfill from polluting the surface water and groundwater: constructing a
supplemental cap on the side slopes of the landfill to further reduce leachate generation;
installing a system for collecting leachate from both the northern and southern sections of the
landfill with accompanying slurry walls, collection wells, and drain segments; and constructing
a system to treat the leachate in an on-site treatment plant or transport it to an off-site
facility for treatment. The EPA will determine the specific treatment method when the
treatability studies performed during the design phase, that is currently underway, are
completed. The treatability studies and design are expected to be completed in 1994.
Groundwater and Surface Water: The County is currently studying the nature
and extent of groundwater and surface water contamination from the landfill. This
study, which will lead to the selection of final cleanup remedies, is expected to be
completed in 1994.
Site Facts: In 1979, the State of New York entered into a Consent Order with Oswego
County that provided that the County control the leachate problem and close the site. This
action included installation of a leachate collection system in the northern portion of the
landfill in 1982, and installing a synthetic liner and soil cap on the top of the landfill and
capping the soils on the sides in 1985. The landfill was closed in the fall of 1985 in compliance
with the municipal landfill closure regulations of the New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation. In late 1990, the EPA and Oswego County signed a Consent
Order to initiate a study of the nature and extent of groundwater and surface water
contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The landfill has been capped, reducing the potential for direct contact with waste materials.
The EPA has selected the cleanup technologies to control the source of contamination while
the design of the groundwater and surface water remedies are underway. Final cleanup
actions will commence at the Volney Municipal Landfill site once the current design activities
are completed.
Site Repository
Fulton Public Library, 160 South First Street, Fulton, NY 13850
March 1992 186 VOLNEY MUNICIPAL LANDFILL
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WARWICK
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980506679
Site Description
Other Names:
Penaluna Landfill
The Warwick Landfill site is an unlined landfill that transects a small valley and occupies
roughly 13 acres of a former 25-acre leasehold area fronting on Penaluna Road, in the Town
of Warwick. The surrounding area is hilly, with interspersed residential areas and woods. Both
wetlands and rock outcroppings lie next to the landfilled areas. In the mid-1950s, the Town of
Warwick leased the property from the Penaluna family and utilized it as a refuse disposal
area. Evidence indicates that there was some industrial waste disposed of at the landfill
during this time. The Town of Warwick operated the landfill until 1977, at which time the
owner leased it to Grace Disposal and Leasing, Ltd. In 1979, the State sampled leachate
seeping from the site and detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, and
phenols, some of which exceeded New York State standards and the USEPA National
Primary Drinking Water Regulation. The State then issued a restraining order and closed the
landfill. Groundwater contamination is the main concern, because approximately 2,100
residents within 2 miles of the site depend on private wells for drinking water. The closest
home is 250 feet south of the site, along Penaluna Road. Greenwood Lake, a recreational
community, lies about 1 1/2 miles southwest of the site. Although residences in this
community are hooked up to a public water supply, dwellings outside the village rely on
private wells.
_.. _ ...... _ . . . , . , . . , , NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater contains low levels of VOCs, scmi-volatiles and metals.
Leachate, surface water, and sediments at the site contain low levels of VOCs, as
well as phenol and heavy metals including chromium, mercury, lead, and copper.
The main health concern is ingestion of and exposure to contaminated
groundwater. Sampling has indicated that three private wells near the landfill
contain VOC contaminants in concentrations that exceed State or Federal
Drinking Water Standards. The State is providing these residences with bottled
water and carbon filtration units.
187 March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and
controlling the migration of contaminants.
Response Action Status
Source Control: In 1989, the EPA began an intensive study of groundwater,
surface water, and soil contamination at the site. This investigation was completed
in early 1991. The EPA selected remedies for cleanup in mid-1991, which include
capping the landfill and providing bottled water and filtration systems to residents to ensure
they have a potable water supply. Based on the results of a semi-annual residential well
sampling program, residential wells which contain contaminants in excess of State and Federal
Drinking Water Standards will be provided with point-of-use treatment systems. The design of
the selected remedy is expected to begin in 1992.
Migration Control: The EPA will begin additional studies into appropriate
measures to control the migration of contaminants in late 1991.
Site Facts: In April 1992, four potentially responsible parties agreed to comply with an
Unilateral Order to design and construct the selected remedy addressing the source of
contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Warwick Landfill site to the NPL, the EPA conducted an initial evaluation
and determined that no immediate actions are needed while design of the source control
remedy is underway and an additional investigation leading to selection of the final cleanup
remedy addressing migration control is taking place.
Site Repository
Warwick Town Hall, 60 Main Street, Warwick, NY 10990
March 1992 188 WARWICK LANDFILL
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WIDE BEACH
DEVELOPMEN
NEW YORK
EPA ID# NYD980652259
Site Description
EPA REGION 2
Erie County
Brant
Wide Beach Development is a 55-acre suburban development of 60 homes located in Brant,
a small community on Lake Erie, north of the Caitaraugus Indian Reservation. From 1968 to
1978, the Wide Beach Homeowners' Association applied about 155 cubic meters of waste oil
to the local roadways to control dust. Some of the oil was contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). As a result, roads, driveways, parking spaces, storm drains, and homes were
contaminated from the oil applications. In 1980, workers excavated soil from around the
roadways while installing a sanitary sewer line in the development. Unaware that a PCB
problem existed, some residents used this soil as fill in their yards and in a community
recreational area. Subsequent sampling revealed PCBs in the air, road dust, soil, vacuum
cleaner dust, and water samples from private wells. Lake Eric is the western boundary of
Wide Beach Development. The site drains through a system of swales and ditches into a
stream and marsh south of the development. This stream Hows into Lake Erie, as does
surface runoff from the site. The area around the site is residential and agricultural. All
residences in the development receive their water from private wells. Approximately 5,000
people within a 3-mile radius of the site depend on municipal and private wells for drinking
supplies.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
PCBs were detected in the air, groundwater, sediments, soil, and surface water.
Wetlands near the site were also contaminated with PCBs. Health hazards include
coming into direct contact with contaminated soils, ingesting contaminated water,
or inhaling contaminated vapors.
189
March 1992
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and restoration of an on-site wetland.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1985, in response to the levels of PCBs found in Wide
Beach homes, the EPA acted to protect residents from contaminated runoff and
dust until a long-term remedy could be applied. This emergency action included
paving the roadways, driveways, and drainage ditches; decontaminating the homes by
vacuuming, rug shampooing, and replacing air conditioner and furnace filters; installing
paniculate filters on individual wells to protect the population from the sporadic PCB
contamination in the groundwater; and repairing a storm drain to alleviate flooding problems.
In late 1990, additional well water sampling and the replacement of existing filters were
performed to ensure public safety.
Entire Site: The EPA selected a remedy for this site in 1985, which included:
excavating the PCB-contaminated soils in the roadways, drainage ditches,
driveways, yards, and wetlands; chemically treating the PCB-contaminated soils;
backfilling excavated areas with treated soils; and repaving roadways and driveways. The EPA
demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed soil treatment process at the site in 1988 as
part of a treatabilily study to determine if the proposed approach for chemically neutralizing
the PCB-contaminated soils would be effective. All activities at this site have been completed.
Wetland Restoration: An on-sitc wetland area, which was unavoidably damaged
by site cleanup activities, was restored during this phase. The restoration activities
were completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed numerous emergency response actions at the Wide Beach Development
to make conditions safer for the residents while the investigations leading to the selection of
final cleanup actions took place. The excavation and treatment of the PCB-contaminated soil
and the wetland restoration activities have been completed and the site is being considered
for deletion from the NPL.
Site Repository
Brant Town Hall, North Lawrence Road, Moira, NY 12957
March 1992 190 WIDE BEACH DEVELOPMENT
-------
YORK OIL E=F l^TR EPA REGION 2
i \j n rv \j i L. i PYT^J Franklin County
OOIWIPAMV A r^U-Ml Next to the Town Hall and the
WWIVirfnl^l I Q K/~OO-j Moira Town Highway Garage
NEW YORK c4l .pS$FH Other Name,-
EPA ID#NYD000511733 I \ ^^CB . Pierce Dump
Site Description
The York Oil Company recycled waste oil at this 17-acre site on County Road #6, 1 mile
northwest of Moira, from 1962 until 1975. In 1975, the facility was sold to another registered
industrial waste collector. In 1980, the property was transferred to two Moira residents who
salvaged the metal storage tanks and sold a portion of the property later that year. In 1982,
the County assumed title because of unpaid property taxes. Operators collected crankcase
industrial oils, some containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), from sources throughout
New England and New York. They stored or processed the oils at the site in eight
aboveground storage tanks, a series of three earthen-dammed settling lagoons, and at least
one underground storage tank. The recycled PCB-contaminated oil either was sold as No. 2
fuel oil or was used in dust control for the unpaved roads in the vicinity of the site. During
heavy rains and spring thaws, the oil-water mixture from the lagoons often would overflow
onto surrounding lands and into adjacent wetlands, which the company purchased in 1964.
Contamination at the site first was reported by a State road crew in 1979. Homes lie along
the main roads, interspersed with active and inactive agricultural and pasture land.
Approximately 1,700 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site; 400 live within a mile.
Residents rely on private wells for drinking water; 13 wells exist within 1/2 mile of the site.
Extensive sampling of well water in the area has revealed no site-related contaminants.
c-* D« ~« -U-I-* TU- •» • u • AA A^ u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 07/23/82
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
zni
Groundwater, soils, sludge, sediments, and surface water are contaminated with
phenolics, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and PCBs. The
groundwater used by area residents for drinking water currently is not
contaminated. However, there is the potential that pollutants may migrate and
reach the private wells. People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
surface water, sediments, soil, or sludge may be at risk. Wetlands near the site are
sensitive environments that may be threatened by contaminants. Despite some
cleanup actions, PCB contamination remains at the site and in the wetlands. The
wildlife inhabiting the wetlands also may be harmed by site pollutants.
191 March 1992
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on source control and off-site contamination pathways.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA began emergency cleanup activities at the site in
1980. Workers secured the site to limit access and to reduce the threat of direct
contact with hazardous substances. Workers removed oil and contaminated water
from the lagoons, which then were filled with a concrete by-product and sand. The top 3 feet
of oil-soaked soil were excavated from the neighboring wetlands. Contaminated oil was
transferred to aboveground storage tanks, and contaminated soil was contained on the site.
Contaminated water from one of the lagoons was treated and discharged into the wetlands.
An interceptor trench was dug to alter the flow of surface water and groundwater. The EPA
conducted additional emergency actions in 1983. Workers collected oil seeping into drainage
ditches, installed a new filter fence system, and posted warning signs. The EPA developed a
schedule for collecting oily leachate and replacing sorbent pads and began monitoring the
site.
Source Control: The EPA selected a remedy for controlling the source of the
contamination in 1988. It features: excavating 30,000 cubic yards of contaminated
soils and solidifying this material on site; installing deep groundwater draw-down
wells at the edges of the site to collect the sinking contaminated plume; installing shallow
dewatering wells to collect contaminated groundwater and oil during excavation; treating
these liquids and discharging the clean groundwater in accordance with State environmental
rules; removing about 25,000 gallons of contaminated tank oils, as well as other oils collected
at the site, to an EPA-approved facility to be incinerated; cleaning and demolishing the empty
storage tanks; grading the solidified soil; and inspecting the site every five years to assure that
human health and the environment continue to be protected. During the design of the
remedy, the EPA will study the proposed solidification process to ensure its effectiveness.
Should this approach prove inadequate, the EPA will investigate the feasibility of incinerating
the soils on site. Cleanup activities will begin once the design of the final cleanup remedy is
completed, scheduled for 1994.
Off-Site Contamination Pathways: The first stage of the long-term cleanup
dealt with the site itself. This second phase will study off-site contamination
pathways, particularly the PCB-contaminated wetlands. The State began an
intensive study of the problem in 1986, which was continued by the EPA in September 1988.
The second phase of this investigation, planned for completion in late 1993, is exploring the
nature and extent of contamination problems around the site and will recommend the best
strategies for final cleanup.
March 1992 192 YORK OIL COMPANY
-------
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed by the EPA and the potentially responsible parties
in late 1990 in which several of the potentially responsible parties agreed to perform the
engineering design and clean up the source of contamination. In response to substantive
comments from non-settling potentially responsible parties, a revised Consent Decree was
initiated in May, 1992. Work will commence once the Consent Decree has been entered as a
final judgement of the court. The potentially responsible parties commenced an investigation
of off-site contamination pathways in May 1992, pursuant to a Consent Order.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed numerous emergency removal actions, which reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials at the York Oil Company site while cleanup actions for
on-site contamination are being designed and further studies of off-site contamination
pathways are taking place.
Site Repository
Moira Town Hall, North Lawrence Road, Moira, NY 12957
YORK OIL COMPANY
193
March 1992
-------
GLOSSARY
Terms Used in the NPL Book
This glossary defines terms used throughout the NPL Volumes. The terms and
abbreviations contained in this glossary apply specifically to work performed
under the Superfund program in the context of hazardous waste management. These
terms may have other meanings when used in a different context. A table of common
toxic chemicals found at NPL sites, their sources, and their potential threats is located
on page G-15
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0), that are used in chemical manu-
facturing. Acids in high concentration can be
very corrosive and react with many inorganic
and organic substances. These reactions possi-
bly may create toxic compounds or release
heavy metal contaminants that remain in the
environment long after the acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A
legal and enforceable agreement between the
EPA and the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination. Under the terms of the
Order, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules,
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government; it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA,
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally, the
EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for site
studies). This type of Order is not signed by the
PRPs and does not require approval by a judge.
Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown
of contaminants in soil or water by exposing
them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry (ATSDR): The Federal
agency within the U.S. Public Health Service
charged with carrying out the health-related
responsibilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of air
through the contaminated material in a pressur-
ized vessel. The contaminants are evaporated
into the air stream. The air may be further
treated before it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Any unconfined part of the
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of
contaminated air sources.
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate
Requirements (ARARs): Federal, State, or
local laws which apply to Superfund activities at
NPL sites. Both emergency and long-term
actions must comply with these laws or provide
sound reasons for allowing a waiver. ARARs
must be identified for each site relative to the
characteristics of the site, the substances found
at the site, or the cleanup alternatives being
considered for the site.
G-1
-------
GLOSSARY
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock, sand,
or gravel capable of storing water within cracks
and pore spaces, or between grains. When
water contained within an aquifer is of sufficient
quantity and quality, it can be tapped and used
for drinking or other purposes. The water
contained in the aquifer is called groundwater.
A "sole source aquifer" supplies 50 percent or
more of the drinking water of an area.
Artesian (Well): A well made by drilling into
the earth until water is reached, which, due to
internal pressure, flows up like a fountain.
Asbestos: A mineral fiber that can pollute air
or water and is known to cause cancer or
asbestosis when inhaled.
Attenuation: The naturally occurring process
by which a compound is reduced in concentra-
tion over time through adsorption, degradation,
dilution, or transformation.
Background Level: The amount of a sub-
stance typically found in the air, water, or soil
from natural, as opposed to human, sources.
Baghouse Dust: Dust accumulated in
removing particulates from the air by passing it
through cloth bags in an enclosure.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH
(greater than 7.0), which tend to be corrosive in
chemical reactions. When bases are mixed with
acids, they neutralize each other, forming salts.
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth used
to prevent the migration of contaminants.
Bioaccumulate: The process by which some
contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living
tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people, as they
breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated
water, or eat contaminated food.
Biological Treatment: The use of bacteria
or other microbial organisms to break down
toxic organic materials into carbon dioxide and
water.
Bioremediation: A cleanup process using
naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants and
break them down into non-hazardous compo-
nents.
Bog: A type of wetland that is covered with
peat moss deposits. Bogs depend primarily on
moisture from the air for their water source, are
usually acidic, and are rich in plant residue [see
Wetland].
Boom: A floating device used to contain oil
floating on a body of water or to restrict the
potential overflow of waste liquids from
containment structures.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into the
ground and used to sample soil or ground-water.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil,
sand, or gravel has been dug up for use else-
where.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a
synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated
materials. The surface of the cap generally is
mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in
which contaminants are removed from ground-
water and surface water by forcing water
through tanks containing activated carbon, a
specially treated material that attracts and holds
or retains contaminants.
Carbon Disulfide: A degreasing agent
formerly used extensively for parts washing.
This compound has both inorganic and organic
G-2
-------
GLOSSARY
properties, which increase cleaning efficiency.
However, these properties also cause chemical
reactions that increase the hazard to human
health and the environment.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion].
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series of
holes in a landfill where waste is dumped,
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt.
CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation, and Liability Act].
Characterization: The sampling, monitoring,
and analysis of a site to determine the extent and
nature of toxic releases. Characterization
provides the basis for acquiring the necessary
technical information to develop, screen, ana-
lyze, and select appropriate cleanup techniques.
Chemical Fixation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the poten-
tial for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic
and water-soluble, making it a relatively mobile
contaminant in the environment
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a release
or threat of release of a hazardous substance.
The term "cleanup" sometimes is used inter-
changeably with the terms remedial action,
removal action, response action, or corrective
action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill stops
accepting wastes and is shut down under Federal
guidelines that ensure the protection of the
public and the environment.
Comment Period: A specific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period is
provided when the EPA proposes to add sites to
the NPL. Also, there is minimum 3-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed to
clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communication
with the public. The goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related actions,
assuring public input into decision-making
processes related to affected communities, and
making certain that the Agency is aware of, and
responsive to, public concerns. Specific com-
munity relations activities are required in
relation to Superfund cleanup actions [see
Comment Period].
Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA, known as Superfund, in 1980 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment. The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come together.
Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which
groundwater is confined under pressure that is
significantly greater than atmospheric pressure.
G-3
-------
GLOSSARY
Consent Decree: A legal document, ap-
proved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between the EPA and the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the
potentially responsible parties are required to
perform, or the costs incurred by the govern-
ment that the parties will reimburse, and the
roles, responsibilities, and enforcement options
that the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. If a settlement between the EPA and a
potentially responsible party includes cleanup
actions, it must be in the form of a Consent
Decree. A Consent Decree is subject to a public
comment period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order
on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or
containing hazardous substances in a structure,
typically in a pond or a lagoon, to prevent the
migration of contaminants into the environment.
Contaminant: Any physical, chemical,
biological, or radiological material or substance
whose quantity, location, or nature produces
undesirable health or environmental effects.
Contingency Plan: A document setting
out an organized, planned, and coordinated
course of action to be followed in case of a
fire, explosion, or other accident that releases
toxic chemicals, hazardous wastes, or radioac-
tive materials into the environment.
Cooperative Agreement: A contract
between the EPA and the States, wherein a State
agrees to manage or monitor certain site cleanup
responsibilities and other activities on a cost-
sharing basis.
Cost Recovery: A legal process by which
potentially responsible parties can be required
to pay back the Superfund program for money
it spends on any cleanup actions [see Poten-
tially Responsible Parties].
Cover: Vegetation or other material placed
over a landfill or other waste material. It can
be designed to reduce movement of water into
the waste and to prevent erosion that could
cause the movement of contaminants.
Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood pre-
serving operations and produced by distilla-
tion of tar, including polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic-
hydrocarbons [see PAHs and PNAs]. Con-
taminating sediments, soils, and surface
water, creosotes may cause skin ulcerations
and cancer through prolonged exposure.
Culvert: A pipe used for drainage under a
road, railroad track, path, or through an embank-
ment.
Decommission: To revoke a license to
operate and take out of service.
Degradation: The process by which a chemi-
cal is reduced to a less complex form.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes,
soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
Deletion: A site is eligible for deletion from
the NPL when Superfund response actions at the
site are complete. A site is deleted from the
NPL when a notice is published in the Federal
Register.
De minimis: This legal phrase pertains to
settlements with parties who contributed small
amounts of hazardous waste to a site. This
process allows the EPA to settle with small, or
de minimis contributors, as a single group rather
than as individuals, saving time, money, and
effort.
Dewater: To remove water from wastes, soils,
or chemicals.
G-4
-------
GLOSSARY
Dike: A low wall that can act as a barrier to
prevent a spill from spreading.
Dioxin: An organic chemical by-product of
pesticide manufacture which is known to be one
of the most toxic man-made chemicals.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals; polluted
soils; and drums containing hazardous materials.
Disposal may be accomplished through the use
of approved secure landfills, surface impound-
ments, land fanning, deep well injection, or
incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydrologic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgradi-
ent of a contaminated groundwater source are
prone to receiving pollutants.
Ecological Assessment: A study of the
impact of man-made or natural activity on living
creatures and their environment.
Effluent: Wastewater, treated or untreated,
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and
surface areas of commercial or industrial facili-
ties.
Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix; e.g., oil and
water.
Endangerment Assessment: A study
conducted to determine the risks posed to public
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to direct
the potentially responsible parties to clean up a
site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment
assessment supplements an investigation of the
site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA, State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements; to compel compliance with laws,
rules, regulations, or agreements; or to obtain
penalties or criminal sanctions for violations.
Enforcement procedures may vary, depending
on the specific requirements of different
environmental laws and related regulatory
requirements. Under CERCLA, for example,
the EPA will seek to require potentially
responsible parties to clean up a Superfund
site or pay for the cleanup [see Cost Recov-
ery].
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
near shore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out.
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as the
remedial investigation is underway. In this
volume, the feasibility study is referred to as a
site study [see also Remedial Investigation].
G-5
-------
GLOSSARY
Filtration: A treatment process for remov-
ing solid (particulate) matter from water by
passing the water through sand, activated
carbon, or a man-made filter. The process is
often used to remove particles that contain
contaminants.
Flood Plain: An area along a river, formed
from sediment deposited by floods. Flood
plains periodically are innundated by natural
floods, which can spread contamination.
Flue Gas: The air that is emitted from a
chimney after combustion in the burner
occurs. The gas can include nitrogen oxides,
carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides,
particles, and many chemical pollutants.
Fly Ash: Non-combustible residue that results
from the combustion of flue gases. It can
include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water
vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many other
chemical pollutants.
French Drain System: A crushed rock drain
system constructed of perforated pipes, which is
used to drain and disperse wastewater.
Gasification (coal): The conversion of soft
coal into gas for use as a fuel.
General Notice Letter: [See Notice Letter].
Generator: A facility that emits pollutants
into the air or releases hazardous wastes into
water or soil.
Good Faith Offer: A voluntary offer, gener-
ally in response to a Special Notice letter, made
by a potentially responsible party, consisting of
a written proposal demonstrating a potentially
responsible party's qualifications and willing-
ness to perform a site study or cleanup.
Groundwater: Water that fills pores in soils
or openings in rocks to the point of saturation.
In aquifers, groundwater occurs in sufficient
quantities for use as drinking and irrigation
water and other purposes.
Groundwater Quality Assessment: The
process of analyzing the chemical characteris-
tics of groundwater to determine whether any
hazardous materials exist.
Halogens: Reactive non-metals, such as
chlorine and bromine. Halogens are very
good oxidizing agents and, therefore, have
many industrial uses. They are rarely found
by themselves; however, many chemicals
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
some volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and dioxin are reactive because of the pres-
ence of halogens.
Hazard Ranking System (HRS): The
principal screening tool used by the EPA to
evaluate relative risks to public health and the
environment associated with abandoned or
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The HRS
calculates a score based on the potential of
hazardous substances spreading from the site
through the air, surface water, or groundwater
and on other factors such as nearby popula-
tion. The HRS score is the primary factor in
deciding if the site should be on the NPL.
Hazardous Waste: By-products of society
that can pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health and the environment
when improperly managed. Hazardous waste
possesses at least one of four characteristics
(ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxic-
ity), or appears on special EPA lists.
Heavy Metals: Metallic elements with high
atomic weights, such as arsenic, lead, mercury,
and cadmium. Heavy metals are very hazardous
even at low concentrations and tend to accumu-
late in the food chain.
Herbicide: A chemical pesticide designed to
control or destroy plants, weeds, or grasses.
G-6
-------
GLOSSARY
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site contain-
ing exceptionally high levels of contamination.
Hydrocarbons: Chemical compounds that
consist entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrology: The properties, distribution, and
circulation of water.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater,
with particular emphasis on the chemistry and
movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a darn, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by controlled
burning at high temperatures, e.g., burning
sludge to reduce the remaining residues to a
non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely
on land, in some waters, or in underground
locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or
other liquid down through soil from precipita-
tion (rain or snow) or from application of
wastewater to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant.
Injection Well: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical sub-
stances of mineral origin, not of basic carbon
structure.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 1978
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source from where a water supply
is drawn, such as from a river or water body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities,
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of the
agencies for performing and overseeing the
activities. States often are parties to interagency
agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in 1980, are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges,
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land or incor-
porate waste into the surface soil, such as
fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to the
smallest practical volume, and covered with soil
at the end of each operating day. Secure chemi-
cal landfills are disposal sites for hazardous
waste. They are designed to minimize the
chance of release of hazardous substances into
the environment [see Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act].
Leach, Leaching [v.t.]: The process by
which soluble chemical components are dis-
solved and carried through soil by water or
some other percolating liquid.
G-7
-------
GLOSSARY
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles through
or drains from waste, carrying soluble compo-
nents from the waste.
Leachate Collection System: A system
that gathers liquid that has leaked into a landfill
or other waste disposal area and pumps it to the
surface for treatment.
Liner: A relatively impermeable barrier
designed to prevent leachate (waste residue)
from leaking from a landfill. Liner materials
include plastic and dense clay.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct,
often incremental, steps that are taken to solve
site pollution problems. Depending on the
complexity, site cleanup activities can be
separated into several of these phases.
Long-term Response Action: An action
which requires a continuous period of on-site
activity before cleanup goals are achieved.
These actions typically include the extraction
and treatment of groundwater and monitoring
actions.
Marsh: A type of wetland that does not
contain peat moss deposits and is dominated by
vegetation. Marshes may be either fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetland].
Migration: The movement of oil, gas, con-
taminants, water, or other liquids through porous
and permeable soils or rock.
Mill Tailings: [See Mine Tailings].
Mine Tailings: A fine, sandy residue left from
mining operations. Tailings often contain high
concentrations of lead, uranium, and arsenic or
other heavy metals.
Mitigation: Actions taken to improve site
conditions by limiting, reducing, or controlling
toxicity and contamination sources.
Modeling: A technique using a mathematical
or physical representation of a system or theory
that tests the effects that changes on system
components have on the overall performance of
the system.
Monitoring Wells: Special wells drilled at
specific locations within, or surrounding, a
hazardous waste site where groundwater can be
sampled at selected depths and studied to obtain
such information as the direction in which
groundwater flows and the types and amounts of
contaminates present.
National Priorities List (NPL): The
EPA's list of the most serious uncontrolled or
abandoned hazardous waste sites identified
for possible long-term cleanup under Super-
fund. The EPA is required to update the NPL
at least once a year.
Natural Attenuation: [See Attenuation].
Neutrals: Organic compounds that have a
relatively neutral pH, complex structure and,
due to their organic bases, are easily absorbed
into the environment. Water is the most
commonly known neutral, however, naphtha-
lene, pyrene, and trichlorobenzene also are
examples of neutrals.
Nitroaromatics: Common components of
explosive materials, which will explode if
activated by very high temperatures or pres-
sures; 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a
nitroaromatic.
Notice Letter: A General Notice Letter
notifies the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination of their possible liability. A
Special Notice Letter begins a 60-day formal
period of negotiation during which the EPA is
not allowed to start work at a site or initiate
enforcement actions against potentially respon-
sible parties, although the EPA may undertake
certain investigatory and planning activities.
G-8
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GLOSSARY
The 60-day period may be extended if the EPA
receives a good faith offer from the PRPs
within that period. [See also Good Faith Offer].
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA, Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superfund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds:
Chemical substances containing mainly
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where wastewater is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic,
modified petrochemical that may be used as a
wood preservative because of its toxicity to
termites and fungi. It is a common component
of creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay or
rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Pesticide: A substance or mixture of sub-
stances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel any
pest. If misused, pesticides can accumulate in
the foodchain and contaminate the environment.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery operations
and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene, chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from
which volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
plastics, and many pesticides are made. These
chemical substances often are toxic to humans
and the environment.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in
plastics manufacturing and are by-products of
petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and
resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly poison-
ous.
Physical Chemical Separation: The
treatment process of adding a chemical to a
substance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal.
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to determine
its ability to clean up specific contaminants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow of
water, oil, or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The movement
of the groundwater is influenced by such factors
as local groundwater flow patterns, the character
of the aquifer in which groundwater is con-
tained, and the density of contaminants [see
Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature, location, or quantity
produces undesired health or environmental
effects.
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GLOSSARY
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):
PAHs, such as pyrene, are a group of highly
reactive organic compounds found in motor oil.
They are a common component of creosotes and
can cause cancer.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): A
group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications,
carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope immersion oils, and caulking
compounds. PCBs also are produced in certain
combustion processes. PCBs are extremely
persistent in the environment because they are
very stable, non-reactive, and highly heat
resistant. Chronic exposure to PCBs is believed
to cause liver damage. It also is known to
bioaccumulate in fatty tissues. PCB use and
sale was banned in 1979 with the passage of the
Toxic Substances Control Act
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and
biphenyls, are a group of highly reactive organic
compounds that are a common component of
creosotes, which can be carcinogenic.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A plastic made
from the gaseous substance vinyl chloride. PVC
is used to make pipes, records, raincoats, and
floor tiles. Health risks from high concentra-
tions of vinyl chloride include liver cancer and
lung cancer, as well as cancer of the lymphatic
and nervous systems.
Potable Water: Water that is safe for drink-
ing and cooking.
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs):
Parties associated with a Superfund site who
may be liable for the cost of remedying the
release of hazardous substances. This may
include owners or operators of the site or trans-
porters who disposed of materials at the site.
PRPs may admit liability, or liability may be
determined by a court of law. PRPs may sign a
Consent Decree or Administrative Order on
Consent to participate in the site cleanup without
admitting liability.
Precipitation: The removal of solids from
liquid waste so that the solid and liquid portions
can be disposed of safely; the removal of
particles from airborne emissions. Electro-
chemical precipitation is the use of an anode or
cathode to remove the hazardous chemicals.
Chemical precipitation involves the addition of
some substance to cause the solid portion to
separate.
Preliminary Assessment: The process of
collecting and reviewing available information
about a known or suspected waste site or release
to determine if a threat or potential threat exists.
Pump and Treat: A ground water cleanup
technique involving the extracting of contami-
nated groundwater from the subsurface and the
removal of contaminants, using one of several
treatment technologies.
Radionuclides: Elements, including radium
and uranium-235 and -238, which break down
and produce radioactive substances due to their
unstable atomic structure. Some are man-made,
and others are naturally occurring in the envi-
ronment. Radon, the gaseous form of radium,
decays to form alpha particle radiation, which
cannot be absorbed through skin. However, it
can be inhaled, which allows alpha particles to
affect unprotected tissues directly and thus cause
cancer. Radiation also occurs naturally through
the breakdown of granite.
RCRA: [See Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act].
Recharge Area: A land area where rainwater
saturates the ground and soaks through the earth
to reach an aquifer.
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GLOSSARY
Record of Decision (ROD): A public
document that explains which cleanup
alternative(s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual con-
struction or implementation phase of a
Superfund site cleanup following the remedial
design [see Cleanup].
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth
study designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contamina-
tion at a Superfund site, establish the criteria
for cleaning up the site, identify the prelimi-
nary alternatives for cleanup actions, and
support the technical and cost analyses of the
alternatives. The remedial investigation is
usually done with the feasibility study. In this
volume, the remedial investigation is referred
to as a site study [see also Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at the site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed without
further cleanup activities, a "No Action"
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision].
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant re-
maining in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g.,
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or the particulates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubber.
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA): A Federal law that established
a regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons the
store waste.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contaminants
from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution control device
that uses a spray of water or reactant or a dry
process to trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters such
as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
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GLOSSARY
Seeps: Specific points where releases of
liquid, usually leachate, form from waste
disposal areas, particularly along the lower
edges of landfills.
Seepage Pits: A hole, shaft, or cavity in
the ground used for the storage of liquids,
usually in the form of leachate, from waste
disposal areas. The liquid gradually leaves
the pit by moving through the surrounding
soil.
Septage: Residue remaining in a septic tank
after the treatment process.
Sinkhole: A hollow depression in the land
surface in which drainage collects; associated
with underground caves and passages that
facilitate the movement of liquids.
Site Characterization: The technical pro-
cess used to evaluate the nature and extent of
environmental contamination, which is neces-
sary for choosing and designing cleanup mea-
sures and monitoring their effectiveness.
Site Inspection: The collection of informa-
tion from a hazardous waste site to determine
the extent and severity of hazards posed by the
site. It follows, and is more extensive than, a
preliminary assessment. The purpose is to
gather information necessary to score the site,
using the Hazard Ranking System, and to
determine if the site presents an immediate
threat that requires a prompt removal action.
Slag: The fused refuse or dross separated
from a metal in the process of smelting.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial
or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the flow
of contaminated groundwater or subsurface
liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by digging
a trench around a contaminated area and filling
the trench with an impermeable material that
prevents water from passing through it. The
groundwater or contaminated liquids trapped
within the area surrounded by the slurry wall
can be extracted and treated.
Smelter: A facility that melts or fuses ore,
often with an accompanying chemical change,
to separate the metal. Emissions from smelters
are known to cause pollution.
Soil Gas: Gaseous elements and compounds
that occur in the small spaces between par-
ticles of soil. Such gases can move through
or leave the soil or rock, depending on
changes in pressure.
Soil Vapor Extraction: A treatment
process that uses vacuum wells to remove
hazardous gases from soil.
Soil Washing: A water-based process for
mechanically scrubbing soils in-place to remove
undesirable materials. There are two ap-
proaches: dissolving or suspending them in the
wash solution for later treatment by conven-
tional methods, and concentrating them into a
smaller volume of soil through simple particle
size separation techniques [see Solvent Extrac-
tion].
Stabilization: The process of changing an
active substance into inert, harmless material,
or physical activities at a site that act to limit
the further spread of contamination without
actual reduction of toxicity.
Solidification/Stabilization: A chemical
or physical reduction of the mobility of
hazardous constituents. Mobility is reduced
through the binding of hazardous constituents
into a solid mass with low permeability and
resistance to leaching.
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GLOSSARY
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form a solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for degreasing, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges,
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorption: The action of soaking up or
attracting substances. It is used in many
pollution control systems.
Special Notice Letter: [See Notice Let-
ter].
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air Strip-
ping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal.
Superfund: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority to
respond directly to releases or threatened re-
leases of hazardous substances that may endan-
ger public health, welfare, or the environment
The "Superfund" is a trust fund that finances
cleanup actions at hazardous waste sites.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, including
liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetlands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soil.
Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater, soil, etc.,
to determine whether and how well the method
will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent.
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled,
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver [see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order].
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope;
demarks areas that are higher than contaminated
areas and, therefore, are not prone to contamina-
tion by the movement of polluted groundwater.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the soil
draws VOC-contaminated air from the soil
pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn down
from the surface of the soil.
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GLOSSARY
Vegetated Soil Cap: A cap constructed with
graded soils and seed for vegetative growth, to
prevent erosion [see Cap].
Vitrification: The process of electrically
melting wastes and soils or sludges to bind the
waste in a glassy, solid material more durable
than granite or marble and resistant to leaching.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
VOCs are manufactured as secondary petro-
chemicals. They include light alcohols, acetone,
trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride,
toluene, and methylene chloride. These poten-
tially toxic chemicals are used as solvents,
degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels. Because
of their volatile nature, they readily evaporate
into the air, increasing the potential exposure to
humans. Due to their low water solubility,
environmental persistence, and widespread
industrial use, they are commonly found in soil
and groundwater.
Waste Treatment Plant: A facility that
uses a series of tanks, screens, filters, and
other treatment processes to remove pollut-
ants from water.
Waste water: The spent or used water from
individual homes or industries.
Watershed: The land area that drains into a
stream or other water body.
Water Table: The upper surface of the
groundwater.
Weir: A barrier to divert water or other liquids.
Wetland: An area that is regularly saturated
by surface or groundwater and, under normal
circumstances, is capable of supporting
vegetation typically adapted for life in satu-
rated soil conditions. Wetlands are critical to
sustaining many species of fish and wildlife.
Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes,
and bogs. Wetlands may be either coastal or
inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish
(a mixture of salt and fresh) water, and most
have tides, while inland wetlands are non-
tidal and freshwater. Coastal wetlands are an
integral component of estuaries.
Wildlife Refuge: An area designated for
the protection of wild animals, within which
hunting and fishing are either prohibited or
strictly controlled.
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GLOSSARY
Some Common Contaminants at NPL Sites
Contaminant
Category
Example
Chemical Types
Sources
Potential Health
Threats*
Heavy Metafs
Volatile Organic
Compounds
(VOGs)
Herbicides
Poiycftforinaled
Creosotes
Radiatfon
(Radionuciides}
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper,
Chromium, Lead, Manga-
nese, Mercury, Nickel,
Silver, Selenium, Zinc
Trichloroethylene (TCE),
Perchloroethylene (PCE),
Acetone, Benzene,
Ketone, Methyl chloride,
Toluene, Vinyl Chloride,
Dichlorethylene
Chlordane, DDT 4-4, DDE,
Heptachlor, Aldrin, Endrin,
Atrazine, Dieldrin, Toxa-
phene
Polyaromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs), Polynuclear
aromatics (PNAs),
Phenolic Tars, Pentachlo-
rophenol (PCP)
Radium-226, Radon,
Uranium-235, Uranium-
238
Electroplating, batteries,
paint pigments, photogra-
phy, smelting, thermom-
eters, fluorescent lights,
solvent recovery
Solvents and degreasers,
gasoline octane enhanc-
ers, oils and paints, dry
cleaning fluids, chemical
manufacturing.
Agricultural applications,
pesticide and herbicide
production
Electric transformers and
capacitors, insulators and
coolants, adhesives,
caulking compounds,
carbonless copy paper,
hydraulic fluids.
Wood preserving, fossil
fuel combustion
Mine tailings, radium
products, natural decay of
granites
Tumors, cancers, and kidney,
brain, neurological, bone and
liver damage
Cancers, kidney and liver
damage, impairment of the
nervous system resulting in
sleepiness and headaches,
leukemia
Various effects ranging from
nausea to nervous disorders.
Dioxin is a common by-product
of the manufacture of pesti-
cides and is both highly toxic
and a suspected carcinogen.
Cancer and liver damage.
Cancers and skin ulcerations
with prolonged exposure
Cancer
Sources Toxic Chemicals—What They Are, How They Affect You (EPA, Region 5)
Glossary of Environmental Terms (EPA, 1988)
'The potential for risk due to these contaminants is linked to a number of factors; for example, the length and level of exposure
and environmental and health factors such as age.
*U.S. G.P.O.:1993-341-932:82645
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