Operations
manual
BLACK CREEK STUDY
ALLEN COUNTY. INDIANA
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Project No. GOO 510 3
ENVIRONMENTAL JWACT OE LAND USE
on
V/ATT.R DUALITY
*ft OPERATIONS MANUAL **
•'"or the
BJacl Creek Study
Maumee River Basin
Al1en Ooun t v, Ind iana
Reduction of Sediment
and Related Pollutants
.in the
Maijp.ee ^ iver
arv!
],ake Erie
Allen County Sv/CI), F'rr.iect Administrator
i'llis Mr.-f'adden
Mien County SWCD, !;Yoiect Director
Janes E, ]>Bke
U.S. Environmental lYotection Ar-encv, Project Offic-or
C^T'l r-, Wilson
ETvrvirod by
ALLEN COUNTY SOI], AHl^ WATE!' CONSERVATION DISTRK'j'
U.S. ENVr-'ONt*ENTAE PR01TCTION AHDJCy
Region V, Office of the Oreat Lake?; Coordinator, Section 108A IVoprair.
("hi capo v 111 i noi s
with assistance ^ron
USDA SOIL COl-JSERVATK^N SERVICE
PI ;PJ)!Ji: UNI^RSITY
EOUPTfl CON^PJ^ST'A'AL HJSTRICT INDIANA
Marvh
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si^N CCHWT* COUNCIL - ani'Tiar, Mix -Bieuhbaugh-County
ALlJ> •".UjKr; CT**fBSIONI>L> - lTesKen% diaries N. iioemig
Ceunxy Administration
INrTANA TTA'IE SOIL £ WAl'EF CO.'jII/v.ATION COMKITTKE - Chairmoru j-oui
3 tate Ass i-itan
ALL&! COLNT"/ SOIL 8 WATER aJHSr^VATIO^ DTSTRICT
Ellis l-'fcFadder-'., - Chait'tan, Mien Ooixity Soil E Water1 Conserva
tiop 'District - Project Administratoi-
Janes 'Zf Ixike ~ /dlan County Conseiva^iordat
FToiect director
ALLIJ^l COlil-CT SU?\O'Or;'3 OFFICE
William Swe-et - Allen Count/ Sui'veyor - Assistance in
Desifu .ana Application
0.5, IBPARTCNr OF AHR1CUI ;,JrE'
Cl/.etus J, '"Lillrrvir .,„.,,, .Stete r.o!isfc;rv'--itlonist
3f:)te CCS Adnini strati on
Fva'-is ,,»,,... 4 ,., ."orrer Crate: Conservationist
3t;v:e SCS AfiriiriiL.t-pation
L'Son Kiirbei'lin. ,, . „ ,,,,, ,.,3tate r'^:soi.trce Conservationist
0";nsf,i"rotifin Plannir.?' CuiC
.
rlcirrlnp. and Application
Braiico. ,.«,.,„,,,„, ..V-e.-* Conservationist
Cv-r- SCC Ac:<-inis4rmtior;
• nri.:"^ervsr' Coordination
•Ior,r.
T . ] ;ai iici l 'cC.-iiri
.V'zu' iocerlir-" Tecrjr.ician
Black Ovee> L',n,r,ir«;">srdn~ ^'upervisiof
.'Olt ".ricr (>,' nservat Lonict
""ir-ul Office oCP Adninistration
••.!'.•.-. •.'"/a tier, '"achniciar
acx Cre-'C-. i'ro'ieot Techrsician
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opIIiCJP/',L PARTICIPANTS (CCOT.)
Dr, Roil and Z. Whedt
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This handbook contains the Casio, policies, regulations, and speeift-
cations for the adrrdn.istratic\i «->f the Black Creek Study Prop:-an.
The Black Creek Study came al.ciu through "die efforts of the Allen
County Soil and Water Conservation 1)5strict, Board of Supervisors,
(Indiana). The district submitted a proposal to the Environmental
Protection Agency to study the relative success of various existing
erosion control techniques in improving water quality; the etJect of
various land use and apriculture practices on erosion and the re-
sulting effect on sedimentation tind related pollutants as they relate
to water quality. The study wr-vi also identify the 'type of incentives
that will be needed to convince Individual landowners to voluntarily
participate in erosion control program--- „
It is hoped that data obtained from this study can be applies] speci-
fically to the Maumee Basin, .11 d in general to other areas to reduce
sedimentation and improve wdl e> nual.ity,
Mention of trade names or coniju-.-rcial products i.n this manual does not
constitute endorsement or renonTnendation for use,
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ill
'ror-e; .it•
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)
Section Subject Sub-Section.
Rainwater Samples 8,3, '4
Water Stage Recorders 8,3.5
Recording Raingages 8,3.6
Field Notes K3.7
Laboratory Analysis £.4
Laboratory Methods 8.4.1
Nitrogen £.4.1.1
Phosphorus 0.4.1.2
Organic Carbon 8.4,1,3
Fractionation of N and P b.4.2
Rainfall Simulator Tests 8,b
Tillage Management Demonstration Areas 8,6
Fish Collection Methods 8.7
Stream, Channel and Bank Study 8,8
Modeling and Prediction 8.9
Data Management 8.10
Sociological Studies 8.11
IX APPENDIX
Cooperative Agreement with Soil Conservation 9.1
Service (USDA)
Cooperative Agreement with Purdue University 9.2
Cooperative Agreement on Legal Drainage 9.3
Right-of-Way
Proiect Accounting Sample Format (Allen County 9.4
Date Processing)
Practice List 9.b
Practice Specifications 9.6
Basic Data on Rainfall Simulator (picture included) 9.7
Background Material on Tillage Systems 9.8
X EXHIBITS
BCS--1 CooperatorwDistrict Agreement (Individual)
BCS-la Cooperator-District Agreement (Group)
BCS-2 Plan of Operations
BCS-3 Contractual Agreement
BCS-4 Record of Contract .Modification of Waiver
BC8-5 Application for Payment
BCS-6 Transfer Agreement
BCS-7 Agreement Covering Non-Compliance
BCS-8 Notice of Contract Violations
BCS-9 Annual Contract Status Report
BC3-IO Notice or 1ermination of Contract
BCR-U Contract Check Sheet
BC°,-.l? In-Kind Contribution Report (SBA 363)
BCG-13 Certification Form
R(X'-!LJ Landowner'-Contractor Agreement Form
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Tne Black Creek Sediment c'tudy shall emphasize; the : >u : ir:." c:hanoes,
erosion control, a;id management practices, which in cor-i^nati- -' v vpar-s,
the most enduring conservation benefits for the purpof-. . f ;-».: >\ , v;u: out
his plan of operations. The SWCD, will provide t.-jhr.i "'^ a^^iiVance
to any cooperator for developing the plan of opera tJ._v ,
The SWCD shall offer to cooperators long-term contra*-t u* t.;e-' w)tich the
SWCD, with the approval of the U.S. Environmental h-ot <>:rL'an Agero;
Proiect Officer, will make committments to share vith he coop^erator
the cost of establishing the combination of conservat.' -r; practices
provided for in his plan of operations. These contrar:.. may be
entered into during the period ending no later than :'*e.^:iber 31, J97b,
No contract shall exceed the end of the program t>er>jo:? (September 30,
1977).
The cooperator will be encouraged to carry out his plv ; of operations
in the shortest period consistent with climatic conditions and his
resources.
The program shall make provision for contracts on all ,andf., including
non-farm lands where erosion is so serious as to make r.uch contracts
necessary for the reduction of sediments and related i^llutants.
The program shall provide for inclusion in contracts, d the exclusive
decision of the landowner, practices and measures to ~vduce sedimenta-
tion and to enhance the environment; and reduce non-i> nt sources of
pollution.
The program shall be carried out in close cooperation />ith interested
federal, state and local governmental urdts and organ -'.ations and other
groups a rid i ndi vi d ual s,
Funds to administer this program are provided by the '••,:* i.nvironmental
Protection Agency, State and County Government and 1r>vu V.uidowners.
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-Li-
, '-''lien Ccuntv S\.'C
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£it-:ction ] I
ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Definitions
The succeeding terms shaJ 1 have the following meanings j i1 i hi £•
handbook and all contracts, forms, documents, instructions, and
procedures in connection therewith, unless the conte>rt or subject
matter requires otherwise,
(a) SWCD means the AlJe-i County Soil and Water Conservation
District.
(b) BCSA means Black Creek Study Area which is the currently
recognized area as outlined in the work plan.
BCSP means Black Creek Sediment Program,
(c) SCS means the U.S. Soil Conservation Service.
(d) EPA means the U.S. Lnvironmental Protection Agency.
(e) PU means Purdue Universitv,
(f) Operating unit means a parcel or parcels of land whether
continuous or non-continuous, constituting a single operating
unit for agricultural purposes.
(g) Other land means non-farm land that can be covered by the
program to the extent necessary to reduce sediment and re-
lated pollutants.
(h) Cooperator means any landuser having control of fin operating
unit in the designated area and voluntarily entering into a
cooperative agreement with the SWCD.
(i) Conservation practice or conservation measures me cms any
process used to pintect the soil from water or wind erosion
and deterioration or any process to develop or use d soil
and water resource'-,. The terms "eligible conservation prac-
tice" or "eligible- conservation measure" refers 'o those
practices listed L*i "able A-10 of the work plan,
(j) Conservation treat"ient unit means a field of an operating
unit or part of an operating unit in a specific land use
requiring a particular type of rnanarement and tho use of
related conservation practices.
(k) Plan ot operations means a written conservation ,-lan for all
the acreage of an operating unit incorporating a time schedule
of landuse and treatment and providing for such combinations
of landuse adjustments such as cropping or grazing systems,
and conservation -v.e.;:surer; as ar*? needed to deve.i o, ase and
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;-r<: %•-', the soil and r,M.ter resources, It includes -L -:l I: •: >^ ?
cc- --share amounts, by veav, for ^ach eligible conservation
(1) '"iTse Schedule of Land Use ar;0 Trvat^nt me^ns a schedule of
/j --jnr.ee land treatneni, Listed Ly field:: arc! by years for
.in operatins unit includes ir, tr.c pl.r:n cf operations.
(ra) '.d-jntiriable Unit neans all or .in essential pa^ of an
eligible conservation prictice tnat 5 v;hon oarrieci out, can
hf- clear Iv identified as a senrsent ot tiie ^/.::le practice.
(n) Cost-Share Pdyirents neaiu payrents tr coopcjrator signatory
to the contract as prov:' 'ied in the plciii of operations, at
es triblip.hed rates, for the carry inp c.;it of identi liable urits
for which coats arc shared, ar,_ v?hc r.^vo c-:;T"pl"'ea with the
^tpTii L,r.a.ule provrlsions of the -.:'Tntri::t.>
Co) C:oncrc.ctin,"r Officer shel; be an enplc\ree c:" the Sv.'CD des-
I mated hy the board of Supervisors to handle the contractual
(pi) Fesigr.ated SGS Representative means t;i£ b'eil ConFjervaticn
Service, District Conservationist -it fort '.,-?yr:° Field Office
cr ;~r» the ;ibsence thereof the employee of the Joil Conserva-
tion Service named by the District :oi.^ervstionist.
(c) Certification of ce: :nrnaru,e a:.P Conp! iarce jtc-ans ^ vrritten
statement bv the de;:ic*naie-i . C3 rcDrescnrst-^ve i .;.it ai'i idea-
tii;a]jle unit has been property carr:--i .--; and tiiat the
cooper a tor sin^tor^,' -c the ccttrac-t is in coi/piiance with
the terrs cinci conditions or th^- suiil r^c*. *
(r) Actv'a- > os! f-'C^ns (1) the -ii-r T.. -,'.. ^. .._._•' paic. or engaged
oi.d sei-n.lces for carrying out .;:, i^ r.' - "i-^dr- -;:;it. or (2)
it tne cooyerator uses his cwr; rortv.(' ;.r. '.oe""_•'.nr out an
i'-x-r'.tifiable 'jjiitj tine c our ft ""*'••' '.•-•Pif- ^r h; s cwn labor,
J..LS cj--7! epuiprent us«-^ T-VJ':••••.. a;.-, r," pr^.dused anc used., and
svch r-;hcii' costs as may be sc-t Ir.r1":: \;, i.ie list of eligible
cc nsorvation practices.
(s) /'verape dost rieans the evere.re of tre Actual costs and current
cr st r-;-;ti;:.ates considered neoess-rry to cdj-^ry oat an iienti-
(t) f.pe :'./;•.. 1 Kax.'.nur, Cor1 'ie,--;r^ che f.iaxin-v^r orcurrt, v:ith respect
t:- on icentifiabie us.t to -,,hich cost ::hai-ir e will 3^rdv.
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ft ut hor it v and Res: y >; . . : ': -i 1 j tv ( s<>r> '"'' -UT • • 2 , j
2.2,1.
The Board ->f :-u"v-.r v>or"^ ^ the 'Mien : .-'nt" >
appointed bw tk.c "ovvrr.or of Indiana ;•-;!'. thr-"'o
count1: iendo/TK-r" hv.*e overall adrinJr^vj''. '"?>
reet j
tor.
Tine pro'ect a>Jrinfftrator ir>» rosponnll 1" ' or
tlio BCSr -md shall ;
(a) np7"'
lie D:"-
(i) Schedule meetings oi the connd-ttt-:-
(ii) '\rran r<^ ^or keepinf Tdnutc^ 01 TK-r
(b) Issue all instructions and policies rvci.ir-
ji to
t'.iose oonta^neH in this hartdho^k to Lr:^ler»:-'iit and carry out
the rvror
(c) Carr*-' out the duties and resDonsi];i] it les ', ith regard to
aroeals a^ ^et
(d) Carr^' out the :'uties and responsibilitif?;.- "it"n regard to
contract violations as set forth;
(e) ''air.tafin re'iations v.dth other local, statf ind *:ec3eral
agencies t^ assure continuation of ass-1';
(f) A^TX^int in vriitinr the nro'iecl director -iri' ":i,*:orni .-ill
jvirticiT.vat in^ apencics of the appointrcr,"1" ,
2.2.2 Tie Pro-'ect j Erector (PD)
ITie •nro"'(?ct direoior is t)ie direct rPT^reser.tri'; iv* , •*' xhe Allen
Count v Sl.'Cb rji:ci as such, is responsible ror t;;< >- r.duci or trie
project. .rvll technical direction and "uidancc- ;,;• construction
nlans and s^ejifjcc-.tions, anal\^tacal work, evaluation o^ nlans,
reports, voucher preparation, tips sclieduler ., d'-., a^.1 channeled
throuph hin to thr n.S. F.p.A proioct rif^iorr-.
rl?ie prefect director is responsible for dire:;! in'- ihc- !?.lacl; Creek
Stud" I?x>rrar and shall:
(a) Serve as contracting officer jn acconlano'. -.;ith the authority
fielefatec1 b-' the oroiect adrr.inistrator ar:; H- such is respon-
'••itle for:
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r.ecaiving and reviewing plans of operations for
"' ?-p.al adequacy as a basis for contracts,
rroparinp; the contractual dgpec-merrt between the
"istr.i.,-t and the Cocperator using tt\e forms pre-
..orlUd by the SWCD.
•/•ersee the contract through the program period
;-:. -:ee that all requirements are net Ly both
(fc) l"revise direct supervision and training to district employ-
Co) -ccrdinate activities of technical personnel in accoTriplishin^
prorrarn ob jectives,
(d) f'.., ••v.i.'-ir'e, regular on-site spot cheeks to insure that practices
_;i~ being carried out in accordance with the plans of operations
and the term?, of the contract.
(e) lerforr: other related duties directed by the SWCD board.
(f) L^ve-i-cp -and carry out an information program.
(g) I'dii-tain all District related records,
(h) N.r'.ntaisi all District financial records.
(i) rcvj.e,; applications with SWCD board tc determine priorities.
(j) Ser"c as ciiairman of the program conmittee and perform
relate:] duties in the absence of the project administrator.
2,2.3 Project ^.tti^r (PO)
The pro>:ct officer is the official representt\ti.ve of the U.S. EPA
desiplated to monitor the project. Federal technical assistance
and gui'iorce •-vLativ-e to the prc-ject are channeled to or through
him. Hi.-. p.o>nerai responsibilities are to:
(a) Maraticn of plans ar:d specifications,
reptrrt:;, purxxliases, assurar;ces and reimbursement prcced'ure5.s.
(t-) /i'5-ist the grantee in informing to th'j objoctives (scope
c'- wor1.-) set forth in ti.e project application anu "offer
c-jy3 p.cceDtance" (06A) docunents.
(c) povi «:• project df/-_^ied work plans and oudget as described
-"' th»e ' doouncr.t -:nd prvjvide approval TO pjxjceed.
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(d) ^eviev' and approve construction T)lans aJ io'-.'inr the
to procaed.
(e) Pev.iew the final olans -ind specification1. and : \-
fi cation to the c^rantee of approval to advertise •
(f) T;'evieHT bid tabulation';, ^rooj of advert is in r, and
r.ecesGar'/ assurancen t-e-fore rrrantinr authority ":o
construction or eouiy;i'ont contract. "r'^'OViJ r-u'-.l
obtained ^roni proieot o^^icei' hefor^ ccJ:cract oai;
ai.'arded to thp lov,7 (>r brst CMO?'.CR o' bidders,
(CT) Tleviev: and authoy^dze ^rc^x^nec1 "^urcbiase", roi- article
supplies, eouipr^cnt aiic" services havir.r a unit v. ilv>(.
exceeding $1,000.00. (TTir o^tar'ninf or a r-par't Hoe'
in it^>elr cor.stituta :>:•.' or an^roval , ev^n thoiK'ii rii'
'.-.'ere itemized in the -r^ilitration for a "rant).
(h) iTeterririe that provisions ^or reasonable access to '
project site and ^ro-Vc't results have been nade.
(i) rer^orr1 inspections aaci ^rcjrrai" reviews ind pr^^'idf
technical assistance to the ^roriect.
("i) Certi"""' that the cos* "included ir a voucher, vrro :v;\-s:,arv
to the conduct of th.« ^^o-'ect , the anounts claimed ;•(• ^ea-
sonahle, and al] recuiviod rer^orts ' r^re recei\^ed an' :r>'
sat"' t~ractor^'t
T!ie Soil Conservation Scrxdce is responsible 4'or rrov;d.in
assistance "to th.e FV/CF'' to ifi-1 p^ont the land freatnenl 'x ;
the Black C>--eeb Studv "^or'f ^lan". rpo ^ulfi.lj this >-•".-Y ;
the SCf; sha 1n :
(b) Joint!-' rev j ex-- a]] Tdans of operations T-;i th f.e
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(c/ r-ov-f-s tec;.n!caJ a^.ist.-irr.-? to the ccxrvrutor in cairyinr
o;;i. the plan of c~v;raticr;r5.
v .!) ."-rr'ari'-c- ''or nonresident TCS tF-chr.Lcal assistar.ee as needed
;r •?DO,Ti'ctti,cri. '-'it1"! the *"T'C"'ect d.Lr^c^rr.
(-'» Per'ro:'n c-thor related dut'es T- rrcuest^d r
(h ; »'.-'i olo '"*.r:=l stud: e?,.
Co', •v.-.-'-^r'.r- of r^ur.r^^, Sr». !.;.--?r.rat.'_r,n, -.tc.
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2.2,6 Typical^ Flow TMagrarn of Grant
Fipure 2.2 contains ^lenonts that are typical of mo;-,1 L,c-,.-?.lon I08A.
Planning or "tenonslration Projects. The explanation; *-m follow
are listed to correspond to the sequence of eveirtp i.iejit -' * i^-d on
the diagrarv,
(a) Repio.n V, Chicapo Office, EPA (appointment by • rv- Verier-j
Administrator), appoints proiect officer rit," -,r^nr £PA
personnel to provide assistance to the rrajite;'. He is ihe
federal representative with whom all corro:;;xj>no Mrr, direction,
questions, approvals and requests shall be ehoi'j\eleci to or
thi\">ush.
(b) The Ef'A proiect officer shall meet with the- ^rrritnu and his
representatives to discuss the proiect and her , the action
toward accomplishing the obiectives of the prv. "tK't, I ferns
to be reviewed are principally those concerned -.;.th the
responsibilities of the PD and PO.
(c) Instructions are p,iven to the prantee by the, }' , Questions
are welcomed by the PO so that clarification cau be made on
any point not understood by the grantee. The pr^anteee shall
develop a work plan and submit it to the K) for Approval,
(d) PO shall review the work plan to see that it wiij provide
the. information necessary to accomplish the obiectives of
the project. He will offer comments for consideration
if he feels it will help accomplish the objectives. He will
send either his comments and/or approval of tlv- plan so that
you can proceed.
(e) The grantee shall prepare and submit two copies of plans
and specifications to the PO for review and approval prior
to advertising for bids*
(f) PO reviews plans and specifications and sends jetter of
approval to grantee to advertise for bids. Grantee advertises
for bids on the approved plans and specificatIt as.
(g) Grantee prepares bid tabulation, provides proo- of advertising,
selects successful bidder and submits cop/ to -he PO for
approval.
(h) TO reviews bid tabluations and sends letter' to Arrantee author-
izinp the contract award to the successful bidder (if other
than the low bidder is selected, a brief explanation of the
decision is needed),
(i) Grantee receives approval from PO to award contract. When
contract is awarded, two sipned and certified copies should
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Section III
3.1 Application fey 0. As: s tance
plied ioii by ::ooperators of farm or other "lands ::l,^il t-c- made on
Form BCS-l, see ExniV.it, Group application made on Fora BCS-la
see Exhihii .
The application shouH be dated and signed by the aj ,-• :carrt ond
show:
(a) 'V*S'-;ription anr' location of the farm c-r other Uov!s.
(b) l'(rno owns and '-'ho operates the farm, or otr^j a,v:d:-* it
the applicant is not the owner, the applical-on should
sh<-w under what arrangements the applicant occupies and
.operates the land; e.p,. lease, permit, etc, 'r"s^ terrr,
of the lease or permit should be shown.
Only one copy of the application is required. Applications sha : \
be filed with the SWCD,
3.2 Copperators Applications Peceived
The priority for participation in the program shall he- determined
and shown on each application.
A register of applicants received is required.
3t3 '^ppperators Eligibility
Any cooperator who has control of an operating unit in BCSA, it--
eligible for part ic ipation in the BCSP provided thdi (1) the
cooperator submits an acceptable plan of operations, and (2)
has control of the operating unit for a period required to carry
out the plan of operations. Control as used herein means owner-
ship or documented proof of control for the contract period. It
is the responsibility of the cooperator who has made an application
on Form BCS-1 to provide evidence acceptable to the project director
what he has control of all of the operating unit, for the period
that will be required to carry out an acceptable plan of operations,
before any technical assistance is furnished.
3.4 Land Eligibility
The program shall be applicable to (1) privately a-ned lands,
(2) non- federally owned public lands under private control for
the contract period and included in the cooperator 's operating
unit,
3.5 Prioritv of Applications for Participating in the ? rogram
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''• e-. rie^d r"or ""i'"ult>iri<3rn.i ^ t^tio'i *"•• '::•' >' " r^'v coc^T-rat- >r;
'-"".•'-•Muai p^iillcant, -vTeP1:'';,^ ro c>" r^'jji'-it:er] ^ct:ior. "r
-V-T ::;,!' ':-"xr,"iori problems ':n>;id oy-!.\r/ir "H"' ;,e ">L''?'"err'ed r,/c :
: r -'r.-;i^::dii?l .srrlrc-int
Interest And attitude nf ap^licr-jit a:.o ' 1:- up.derstandinr
trie rtvn-yr1..
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faction IV
The cooperator is responsible for developing a plan of opevatioT.s,
An approved plan of operations developed in cooperation with the
SWCD shall form a basis for negotiating a contract. Available tech-
nical assistance in preparing the plan of operations will he pi\-»~
vided by SCS.
The SCS Resource Conservation Planning handbook and technh. ;] puide
amended for use in BCSP prescribes the minimum requirements for the
plan of operations. Fach plan of operations must be appro\vl r. 'rations
with the item to which it applies properly referenced:
"Conservation measures on land not eligible for cost-slwe
under the contract. The cooperator will not be in viola-
tion or non-compliance " c these practices are not carried
out . "
The. plan of operations (sop Kxhibit Form BCS*2) shall shov. :
(a) Planned treatment for each conservation treatment unit .
The practice to be applied shall be identified an<: each.
identifiable unit shall be listed.
(b) Kstimated extent or' amount of each identifiable ur ': t ,
(c) Average cost, or specified maximum cost, current i • t';e
time the plan is developed for each identifiable i.:r'i.
(d) Cost- nn^re rate <-c:: each identifiable unit.
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Cert-i'.'icatio" of tctv-uiLc^I a:Vic;-. !,~c\ :, •
"': - ""or; - f-.rv'u : ion Treatment • ;nit
'br.ti c'.-n?', •--£">•'''a. on Treatrent unit shown in the
be j :]:-•!". rr -i pro up of fields v;ith si^iii^r soi.
tic., p^rb".*:','-• one! requirir tr ^irilar cotrk.in.it Lons oi 3anav:.sc, cropping
cv; rrHZ:j;p ^"stfjiiR, -and conservation practices.
T;x- ibj-r,.; fv7ho.ri.be or Land Ibe er <•-. r"'roi.:.]^r.i
Ijj-.;3 rsf opianr'?f-., use of croppinp or rrszinp .sv.;":er^;, a;v;l application
of e-T;'ji!rvatJ.on practices -.ir-e clo^el\? interrelated, Prop-e:" tijnirg
••Mil :--.L:>er,ce -:~i land treatment is essential to successful :Lj:lpleTT'en-
"•.-.*-:.c>i. '„ f .":ori?^.rvat.icn plane-. The tire scheoui^ ii;all provi.ir i
ser^o^.--'1 f;-r carr/iri^ out planned co:v3erv^ti'"n i.^a^Lir^-j.
Ti,ncl !b.c]e units
may ,.. c^-'iod out at an;r tirx? [-i'^r to ^r rv-'i !..dtt;: fba;. c:.e ^ear
aft-.- the vr~.r showri in the tin?,: ^ehcvauV.},
Tl";^ "'LTi-' TcheOule r:;ust be rf?al:'r-.tic- ic'ioduie.-' r^;sr ror::-. ,'• r> nor
on.!.'.' [re or 3enuence:j 5ut '~u^t taKe in"-o con/:ider3t:b:n -.v.-a^:ob: liry
of OOK~TActors , scorerator'::• ability t-> cc:rp.Let?: v,—,r•"*<", ^^ urgency
of plar-red treatment, In addition, ade;jafLr- -.ire b/-,c-ult: be provided
b- J I(>A i; ,- i;>u? application of c^rt.iir: pr-v^t IC-JL , t."> d'^er'^iru-- proper
.;ie oC,., '.'i.ii provae t^cr!n.!..::aj. assistance 1:0 t->': >,oc;,trdt.f>
' -ir/f.lo1'1:';,-. and carr^/j,np out a plc-n of ooei^it^.ns ur^der the
Ine c:x-*-^r, c .*- tbpl. ne encr-urapcd to use. Ji'.l rtn-r iv-illa\
ib" T-"~ tor':; "in ,K-'Vrlo'^.'-nr -cu. rraT^A-'in.' "'.•', ~*\Li ^,.^- v^ o
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oT'orvi' .i '>:; '>atif-! xtor-' t" ,' ' "/'." r<-~
nri ""i1"! rvr~u!i "'ri ;i bf ; '.:>• ,u.-' us" :r,---
rJGrotinr1 Uidts ' ':.<•< <-.\'':: '. ' . ;• Li c." iv;~
Plans
In sore Jnst;tncen, tho "or.t ^ract.;ca: ]c;c---iLi~i. ^">
basins, that are recorb-'^o raw be; on a,, o. i.inr1 >->oan ? ' • ts-o-r-vw.'
v:here the c^untv car. aloe use the eor."ervetior, ~^^c' ' • to aavantarf-
in the ?! retaliation o' v-oad cros^'nr'- or -oater o;c^ .^oq;,' st -me- • o' '*" the HCS;
in carr^'.iT'io out the conservation orao+iet , fo-t-• •<•>. ~T assistance
to the coooe.rator vould ne limited, to that neees'-^v to inslal I
the conservation structure usinrrrt:^o ->nd ou^Jin^d "• "so sandbox-h .
/^nv additional expense rf^ struct1 irai '«'orh r->r rvht-ri .-•- +;iat ro^o,
be required to -t^endej"- the rracticer: , ser-./: ce^r It- >s '".^10 crt)S;oinr
must be an obligation ^*' the unit o4" "ovivnr:e.i1t . ..•; o-'.ar le,
if a setlirnent dan i^ to be conrtructed '-";t.h i pT.:;.:(-•-• oe^hit or
'•,7idt]i than is r'enuirei: tc: jrrnound n^noft T-gtc^r in 01- > h'^r it tr-
also serve as a roadva", cost-s.ha.riry sh ii i be ': h-.h( • t<-- that
wbicli woulci havr been :v,"able ror a o\-ir". on tvie - ir\-T- • ^C'r i1-fDei-
fications renuirer' to root the needs of *ho : ite for '-edirrier.t '. ^f in.
Ti\e coc.y>erator and th« unit of roverr;rr<::;".f shaJl exec te a cocjperati\"=
arreenent c^verin^ th^- '-orhinr arranrepents, divo^io: -t costs and
re'SDonsibilities ror cr^nstruc:t~'on anc' naintenaiic^e ,-r,. ,/joh other1 natter1
a stnictu^' is "iosirned ^or a mad ores sir.'', I' ; bins anc:
Rpeci^:'cat.'ons fo^ th;jd' -icrticn o^ tb.o structure "pe^idini:;^ to the
roadvwv sriall be In accordance with standards estab"1 ' hoc by the uni"
of government. The ^slhor-ized rerrer.er.tat: ver. '-'" ""; ' urr't of
^overnr-ent "us4 occrji 'r. the rlans ar-.c"! S'^eci f5cat?hoi - , 'vie... con-
currence ru^t '-e. 'T; •^•''ihir and "nad^ a rav't of •'•.'- •• otrs-'t.
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i the
cf the district ccnsorv:i!:icr.:;-St» TV: district consei-
• :vi-:ni:~t in I-A» in? the decision that the plt.n ,-;f operations is a
•-•'"M^f-.-c."-."1^/ rasip for ;.-. lonr t^Tr. cor.t--::harinr contract i-: dctirw
' C'l'1 '"Vc' *^o'£;ct director* The prir^v""/ criteria f^r tiiis df:C'! oion
-' ' :hi'''c^- T..r
-•'a:,:-- -:ith s .andards and specificatlcr.i- H-CT" forth in the SC3 tecrv.J
:•," ruhh: a:, amended for use in the BC?:', haen the diatrirt COT>
-erv •'.:.-.-•••'ct if convinced that t;ie pl.ir of c^rations meets re~
£Tu2 .tr^rn:: he shall si en ECS-1 and r/'S-2.
4.9
^':'f-- r^--/n^.;;r director shall provide an .'-'Ctcr'tijr.ity for the sup>er-
•,"-,,-,r^: TO review nlans or onerv?'t i-o^R developed by the cooperate?-
--r.d the pni.1 coriservitivonist.
- ;- *-'r « pver.t such a plan ? s not concu:rrecj ir hy the supervisors
anc /or the project administration because, in their opinions, it
does r:o-: neet the ob."r-"t;-p of the district or there is some question
-is to its prac-ticability th-- proiect e'ireetcr shall so advise the
'".ir.rrict cons^.rvstior.ist. The district conservationist together
vith thf project director, soil conservationist and the cooperator,
;.,hall endeavor to worv out a plan acceptable to all. The final
olar. T-vast , of course satisfy the cri.teria with respect to its
adecucicy. In case sp,reer>ent cannot be reached, the matter will be
rtf-.-rre/J to the SVJCD Board of Sur^rvisors, who will make the final
dec is lor..
•/her, supervisors have revieued a plan, evidence of such review shall
he chew on the plan of operations*
i,ert iii ;at ion by Contracting Of f ice r (pnriect director)
Vhe picjecc director v;ill certify tn.al: the plan cf operations has
leen r\-;viewed with tlie super'v'ir.ors of the fWCD arid that it meets
T-equire-.¥;ntr- for participation in the BCSP and is adequate for a
contract. This shall be accomplished on Form BCS-2,3.
c =uv/.inp- C-jt the Plan of Oreratirns
.ht cnoperator is responsible for c3rrvir,
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by the SCS personnel working on the project. Prepress of the plan
of operations will be discussed and the results will be recorded on
Form BCS-9, Annual Status Report.
All cooperators will be contacted by June 30th of each year. The
Annual Status Report will be completed by the SCS representative
and submitted to the contracting officer and the SWCD for their re-
views .
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Section V
CONTRACTS
Contracts shall be based on the cooperator's plan cf operatLor.s and
shall be developed in coordination with the project director.
The project director is the contracting officer and is responsible
for the legal sufficiency of the contract.
The beginning date of a contract is the day it is signed bv the
cooperator, The contract is not bindinp on the part o^ the district
until (1) the contract is signed by the pirojt^t administrator and
(2) the contracting officer certifies that funds are available for
the cost-sharing obligation o^ the contract, See contract forms
BCS-2 and BCS-3 (see Exhibit #2 and #3).
In order for cooperators to mrticipate in the program, a contract
must be entered into by him for the contract period by which he
shall agree to carry out his plan of operations. The person who
has control of the operating unit for the proposed contract period,
must sign the contract.
The contract shall be for a period that is needed to carrv out and
establish the conservation practices listed in the plan of operations
and for which federal cost-share committments are made under the
program. Contracts may be entered into during the period ending
no later than December 31, 1976. The period of any contract shall
not exceed the end of the program period. (September 30, 1977).
The contracting officer having determined that the plan of operations
is adequate for a contract may execute the contract x^ith the coop-
erator subject to certification by the EPA project officer. It is
the responsibility of the cooperator who signs a contract to keep
the contracting officer informed of his mailing address.
If, during the contract period, all or part of the right and interest
of any cooperator signatory to the contract in an operating unit is
transferred by sale or otherwise, his successor, as transferee,
during the contract period may upon his request be substituted under
the contract for that transferred by executing a form prescribed by
the SWCD for such purposes„
Contracts previously entered into with a cooperator may be terminated
upon mutal agreement of the cooperator and the contractinp officer,
only if such termination ir, specifically approved by the RWCD. No
contract may be so terminated unless the SWCD determines that such
termination would be in the public interest.
Requirements of contracts previously entered into with a cooperator
may be waived or modified by the contracting officer only if such
waiver or modification is specifically approved by the SWCD, or is
authorized under general nolicies established by the SWCD,
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OT"'' i." on" ''C'/ona' tar~ e.onta~ol of the eeei'er ITOV ^h'Ta'itar"7 to the
contr?;'t, bar" fa:.lea to achieve the deair?ble >"-er.;;lta. In such
cacrr" i .a aortr-'tt Lr^ o^^'roer ana/o10 the f, b'P r'ci'' a^re.P to rc-da^"7
'--' ]" • •"' ~(-f? -'-- -~-!.j-'; iiiiL,.: i-TX^-'j.te/ , t in v. ..f r-_vi""1ir.j_r!rr .•o.t'.'.oi.
oiit ar"'-: c::t~.bli :hrnent OT" t"h>a io-^-r.-t.: *i~d la. una'J:. '"he. coorf.""ator
hac- -ca]Ja<' cue. r>o conditions beyond his control.
. ' - '' .
OUT :r accor^rc^ ";''th '-r ;^' icar-le rrt'-r'ar pro >/; s ions uf--' htis
^chrevod thr 1crhror! r^.r-uJt^ 1 in; , :;;^ to :o":d'i t: on" beyond che
contj'''C'] or the oooodf^tor r~- "' ^r.nt '%r*r tc~' th'i coiit^votj "ui^sccir^r.
''e terh""^--':er" dui^r1^ th1^ coptjv.ot ^erc'-o^ to tri*-"- T>~int of" nr^-r-c o
"ttrc'i^" ^~ H"]. I;1 iti'")ii"-, T1" "job, OT^OI ""} r • c. ;P.1 rvct ir/T OT": ICCP iir/.
">" ;jtTain Onrrr.'in"p OUT the- i'rer,ti,fi''.ble unit:
lonrth o-" time --v to alh"--: r^o o-i>:^'in- ojt and .:^rcl"li~hment of
t •".<--- i "'errtiric-bL ^ unit. f'r"tf: oroperat^r r^r' not te rx^^uircici to
u .!''-':ritir:.abl'^ urht tbat has fletcrioratedi due. to
carrv o
5.1 T"racticer- Mre---'^- on the Lxinri
If oractr'.op'^ on the ],and at. the tire i h-'h'h oontvacT is enter^?d iiito
' nero cort-"-1 •• -roe,. ; 'under anot^icr "^rC'fT^a~, th^ COOT, rat or ' n obi iT-at ions,
if pr.-', with re^arr1 t'^ ^uoh *^"raoticcr; Terrain '.:.hta tha a^enc1-7 that
;"> "ftCh: oontraat t^oe" not r^Ii^vo a cooper,-.t:^r -'"TXT arr/ chiirations
r-'ith anotli^r :ed(=^al a^enc" 'or ^racticr-^ o~"^.had out uniier another
•^v^(nn^p-T_f-- l^'a^o'o7' o11'* a "tcr a '/^^ contract ~; a aa'tor^-1'"! "'-nd'o.
l^r^^-j-- TO'"" n^" t^no b^nr1 ' ,. . . TV"^'-' ^^^r^-^--J-f^j^-^4-
is cr.t-ro'3 ~'nto n-* be ati? hae;< in ca1'?'''^'.'"!^ ou* t;u: concraot or in
carr^'ir '' out -m^t1''?]"' "ractioo or Jciert'-' f h-ble uni.t o4" a "Taotice
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ave
Each cooperator ^.i^r.atoT" to the contract ^h-^ll a^roe tr rv-r'--tain
^op the contract oeriod, or i^~ le^^Pir, Tor tl.e of?pfocq o^ n'." >
contra! o^ t1ifi o'x^r^tr'n^ urr't, conservation r~>r^.cti.c(^~. ^r. t'ir or-
pyvvt'i°nri' unit as ^^oci ^i p'1 ""'n t^o oontT^?ot. Fciilur^ to '"-"-' int-'i.iT.
^CT tno ^p-rui"1^^ O^T ioc3 f'O "
-.i fierce1 -i contract v'ol^i ''r
5.3
In devnlo^inr* a conservation plan, SCH te.cb.nicians a^si'-t inr the
coorerator arid the coopp?~'ator nust recoonize that a iCS] contract
does not relieve a coore^itnr1 -Prnr"1 obi: Cations lie raoT have jndor
apj"' otr.er
5.4 Cooperator Control of Land
Contracts rvi-' he enterec: irto "ith cooTierat.ors '-'ho have oontT>l of
the lane' units ^or the contract period. Control reans o^ne^ship or
a lor.r-ter^ lease of" the land unit unde^ contract. Tt '•> t:i« cooper-
ator10- res^onsililittr to -^ncvr'dp. the contracting officer '.v'th. proof
o^ control s^-onlc1 it he -•><:
''lien a cooner^tor is hir'ipr a land unit on contract, ho ^ust sho:.7
rmoF t1-at he :' s hir/inr t'ie land and that he has control or tins
land ror the ~x?rio^ o* the u,Cr contract.
In all cases the coooerat^1" :'s
lie loose.s control o^~ the '•MX>v^-it
contract.
included
A separate contract iter nurbe10 /'ill be a.ssj med to eac1. practice.
Ih.is nurher r'ill he the sare as that used in the data --ixicessin^
svster ^"or corp.utins thi" r>rorr<3j.'.
5.6 Second Contracts
For tlie purpose of orotectin^ the investr^ent o^ the rir"r"'ot a
second contract ray be entered into on the sai^e operator/- unit with
the s,;!]-^ or a ne'~ coo"~erwtor for t;ie nuroose of "f^e'^a-ir-'h'." or re-
construct ixi^ ^ractices sup-d ied under the p>CSr that faJh-'i ->,r
-------
deteri orated rvovided such railure or deterioration was bevond
the control of the corporator.
As used in this section, the term, "the same operating un.it"
means p) ''ri^ip.allx' under a contract less anv acreage trans-
cerred h\T rale or otherwise, and (2) land originally under a
contract plus ar.w added acreare that is not substantial in size
with, relattTi to the original acreage.
5.7
All contracts on an operating unit shall be i:or the same time
ar> the ~rofTsam period which pr,dr> f!ept ember 30, 1977. ijowever, the
period ^r the initial or firit contract shall not be less tb.an 1
wear (12 ronths) nor rore than 3-1/2 "ears (U2 ronths , exceiit
contract", :nvo'A/:"nrr tranr^or of onl^r a "ar": OF an operatirp unit
whic.'i does not beeorc v;art of another operating unit unde^ contract
ra^ be for less tliar 36 ronths. All contract" '.:ij 1 start on the
dav it i F signed b^r the coc>T^erator, contracting officer and the SVJCD.
i . 8 Contract ' "odi ci cation
rii^n^es .in contracts shall be accorplis^.ed b'' rom FCS-4 , Codification
(or waivers) ^r contract, see Ex'iibit.
Th^e ec^ect:ve date c-'~ a contract modification s^all be the day it
is sirned b>v th.e cooperator. rrhe. r odi ^ication is not bindin^ on the
part of the nic"-trict until (1) tv,e contracting officer certifies
that funds a^e available and (2) t'"ie "-^o^pet ^d'-'inistrator aooroved
the action,,
asor. "or an1* changes in a contract rust ^c clearl'7 stated on
th.e Codification ^nyr" BCG- 4 :, changes that T"a" rf:cuir"e contract nodi.^i-
catr'^ns art;:
(a) /v\"iir.n land to aii o~"^ratin" unit
(b) r^lef'n" ].--,nd ~'^nr' an ooeratin.^ unit
(c) rb.anri-n'' the T"e:~iod (.^ rhe contract
(d) .
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(e) Doletin^ contracr iters
A contract should contain all nf the practices req i:>or. for a
plan o^ onerations that '-"ill serve the needs of the ccxnxnrator
and accor*~!li sh thp objectives of the BCSF. V"hen the coorerator
sicr.s the contract, he is expected to carr"' out all c.f the.
practices. "Nare runt Ke a valin reason not adverse to t!v^
B'JCF<'s interest for deleting ari^ contract ite-". I'v-T" ncddv"i-
cation to delete, a contract ""'tern rust she*.-; the reasons Jrr
the deletion, 'OH.T c:'^afionr> and ^ertinent attachment" rust be
prepared in a manner "."'r'.ch •?:.] 1 pcrrit an^cne to clearl1/ iden-
tifw and locate an'f af^«r:sfted "iractr'ce.
contract that are not readily a~ypareri± on the plan Ta:', an
overlar-T or sketch rar v"ur"t accorj-.a~i" the rod.i^icatioi to re-
•^lect these chanrer-, th:s .includes leedinr, str^'pcro ~'\in^, and
"indbrearr, .in onl^' rari o-f" a field. If tv~o or more c-f the
3ane practice - ^uch •••; tvo di versions - are located ii; tvie
nare field, they should be numbered or letter* ; . , •-• • -1,
TV vers i on •'' ? , o^ ^i . \;e rr - :' on A , r-iyers -j or, ^ ' .
(f) Chanrinrr ^TTecificatior1". or raterial
To permit the use of air' su^rl-/ or rvaterial other tlian that
specified in the contract, ^rovided the substitution ade-
ouatelv neets standan'-s and specifications set ^"orth in BCSF
Technical '"uide.
Increasing average cnstr and sr^cified raxir-.un costs
If an average cor-t increases bet'',7een the tire a contract is
•'•rritten and the tine an -identifiable i^iit is berun, r;ontracts
nav be rodified to rem.it cost-share parent ba^ed on the
increased average cost . "^his does not roan that because
average costs increase, contracts rust be r>odi fj ed to reflect
increased average costs. Because of the cost of preparing and
processing rorlifi cations, contracts should not be nodified
unless failure to do so uould result in a sirnificanl loss
to the cooperator. "odifi cations to increase averape costs
and specified raxirir- costs should be lirdted to the current
vear. Codifications tc- increase average costs or sj^ecified
rtixirun costs only, and tbiat involve, no other change, need
to be simed onlv l^y the rroiect director and S'VCD. The sig-
nature of the coonerator is not required, provided the? following
clause is included in the modification:
"This rorii cication reflects increases in apprcwed averare
costs or snecicied raxir'ur costs. The Sv'CD agrees to cost
nhare on the averar-'1 costs or specified rna>d.riur. costs
citef! herein. The o'^T~ie.rator ' s initial action to oarr"
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"^"'"e contract iteT^s ooverO'^ h*' this "vdi''"i esf"" on
ve r'eo'-ori ro be hi^ -cco^tance o~ t ::' r. irodi^i-
cation,,"
> -orii-f- oaf' or. to change the arx>unt or extern of a -ractice shall
be execute^' or:!1' '"hen the increase o^ decrees a :ir, extent is
(1) J-T.O'-TI !:e"oro actual installation, and (.?) -:ill result Lr. a
s.-lmi^icfint increase or r!"crea",o ir; ti^e cc'.t-^.hare obligation.
The Sl.'C? s:.^!! 'leterroj'.e "hat th*v- r. -:sh to consider sicnnificant
Tor a^olica^hon of tliis roruirerent. An" S!;TIJ f icaj^t chanre in
"-TTourr: err e:-±ent" o" -T contract ito^ t"i-Jt i -; not covered bv
a nodificntion fus4: be explainer"1 r. '1th suhrri snion of trie BCS-4
Authority to destroy or break UP f- ~ract:-ce or an identi*ial.'le
unit carr\Ted out and/o'" cost-r.hai°ed 'jnder th'3 31ac> Creek Stud1/
;W)rrrar- nj^t be obta:\ned b" the coooeratc^r ~rx:r the 3'. 'CD.
v'od: pic?t:'on" to r^errdt a coooerator to ciestrcj" or break up a
nractice or i dent ir,~> able un.it aj^e reou:red onl" '-'hen the practice
to bo hrovon ur or de~trovod T;a^ carried <~>ut and/or cost-
shared urider the Bfoi".
"odi"*":' catior.o to. •oerrr't a ccoporator to destroy or break UP a
practice ^r an identif 5 able unit are ou:/' ect to the followinr.:
(i) Cle^rl" defined, ncedn irust be determined by the
contracting o'F^ioer rrior to ap^'TOv Lnr the de-
c.truot"' on or break inr uo o^ a nractice or iden-
ti/r:ablo unit.
(ii) Harmed land une O'f the ar^a concerned i 'ith due
r^^ard to practical liritaticns .
(iii) qhe breakin^ \io or destro"-'ip." of a ^ractice or
identifiable unit must be followed bv the in-
ntrillation c" neerled copoensator" • treatment v;hich
vill preserve the effectiveness or Identifiable
units already installed on th.e ojioratinr unit.
(i.y) T;ie ch^'i^ed conservation treatment applied T-?ith
tv"> land use ^aist r^eet tecb.ni-cal standards and
srecificationp aop,licah,le to the ^raot?'ce or
identifiable unit recuired ^or ^v>ote.ct5.cri ol the
land.,
(v) ^he bre-iJ inn uo or destTO^in^ o*~ a pract~.ee or
identifiable ur.it is deered esser.tia.i, ' y the ?'.,'CD,
to t1' -> rost stable ooeration o^" th° farr. or land.
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5.9 Reapplication of iYactic.es that ;ail or Deteriorate
P.eapplication of practice^ that (1) initially fail to ao:'iie"f desired
results, or (7) deteriorate after achieving desired remits, nav be
approved and cost-sharo -vr'd, provided that:
(c) The failure or deterioration war, due to condition s and
circumstances beyond the control of the cooperates .
A cooperator cannot be reouired to reapply practices tbai fail or
deteriorated because o^ conditions or circumstances beyond Ids control.
l.'hen a practice fails o^ deteriorates because of conditjons or
circumstances within the control of the cooperator, he is in viola-
tion of the terns o^ the contract, TJhen such a violat:, on occurs,
the District nav permit the cooperator to reapplv the rractice that
has failed or deteriorated roved, any
application will >ir- at tne sar^ cost -share rate shown in the
^or the orin-in-:: -r^lication. For re-anpln'ct;t -;on use the
contract rodification " C->T^ BCS-1' .
5.10 ^econstitutirn o^ Ooerat ;n^ I nits
If, for an^ cause:
(a) Two or nore operatin^ units, as constituted at t'se time
a contract is entered into, are later combined, -vr
(b) One or^eratinr ur.il, as constituted at the time the contract-
is entered into, "c later divided into two or rxr^re operating
uni ts, or
(c) I^and is added to or deleted from an operatir.r u".i t \inder a
contract '-'liich '-•'rrp'ficantlv affects the plan r: operations;
Tlie operatinr unit shall be considered reconstitute i, --.'nen an
operating unit is reconstituted. Tb.e contract shall he modified
in accordance with procedures Described h" th.e 5"/'(,' \
5.11 Transfer o-*" !«and
For applicat-'on o^ thi" section, acrean-p will be cori.^i lerecJ "trans-
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control of the acre-ape is lost DV a oocoerator for any
rear-on, The terri "transferee" means the c operator who acquires
control O'~ r e land.
'. bun a".] ^:" part, of an operating unit under a BCPP contract is
triirs'err'e'hj th.p> contract terminates '-'ith ••^e"peot to the transferred
acreage. If t \e transferee will not assure the ohlirations of the
HCGP contract wit't respect to the transferor! acreage, the trans-
f«ror is subiect to certain "forfeitures and refunds.
The transferee nav assure the obli^ationf; of the BCCP contract v?ith
"^G^oeot "*~o "^~1 ie "^
The rrccecJure to follow in transferrinr the rights and obligations
of a BCSP contract fror one ccoperator to ^mother is dictated by
t>;A extent o<~ the acreage transferred and hiov; the land will be
operated arter the transfer. For1 transferring land the transfer
'ripreamer.t r;.CS-5 shall be used , see Exhibit,
In addition to the description o^ the acreage transferred, all
items, cost-sharer! and noncost-shared, to be carried out by the
transferee shall be l.tsted on the t^ans^cr afrreement.
The. transferee shell be furnished a complete copy of the contract
which sh-ijl include a copy of all pertinent documents including
modifications. The original con'.' o-r the e>pecuted transfer a-rree-
merit shall be filed v: th the fT.JCD oop<* oc the contract. Copies
manuallv sir-Tied ^y both parties :slus the contractjp'"- officer and
the SWCb shall be ^urrdsned to the trans^er'ee and tne transferor.
Conformed copies shall be Burnished cor all other copies of the
contract.
r7he ^inarcial ind tire limitations o^ a contract are not affected
when all o" in ooeratinr un;t if trans-err'Gc' and Kill be operated
as fi separate coeratinr- unit.
To transfer all c;" an operating ur.it to be ccrbined witri another
ope^-tinr unit alread" under a contract,use the contract modification
If all o"*" a r-art o^ an o-neratin^ un^'t is transferred by sale or
otherwise, the contract terrinate^ v"it"n respect to the acreage
transfo7Tx^r'. '>iCioe^rre will be oon'^"i'dey>ed "transferred" i1° the
crritr'f.'i of tv'' iicreare ; s lost bT' a coorerato^ for an1/ reason.
.-'- re-^Mrv:5 ^^ cost-s'^are na^T^r.ts For identifiable units carried out
on th.e. t^'-u: ^£-~r^ed acreare is required uruess the cooperator assumes
t/ie o: 1 ir.at:-"vrs o^ th."-; contract with respect *":o the rirhts and
interestf t1. •'an;: ferred.
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Contracts expire at tv?elve midnight on the final date of trie contract,
If ail of th.p identifiable units in the contract have not been
carried out before the contract expires, the followinp shaii apply:
(a) If the 'allure to carry out all of the identifiable units
in a contract was due to circumstances beyond the control
o-f the cooperator, a refund or adjustment of cost-share
payrxMit:; fc not reruired.
(b) If the "allure to cnrrv out all or the identifiable units
in tv!o contract was due to circumstances within the control
of the cooperator a ^e^und or adjustment of all cost-share
Davments ~s required.
An nn-r,ite review of all items in a contract r-ust }>e made
at least 90 davs before the final date of a contract. This
review should be made with the cooperator. A record of
the -findinrs must be made on form BCS-9, annual contract
status re port, s ee Exhibit«
>.13 Contracts "a^ Be Terminated bv Mutual Consent If:
(a) For valid reasons, it is impractical for the coooerator to
carry out the contract. Termination under this circumstance
recuires a refund or all cost-share pavments that have been
made to the cooperator.
(b) Encroachment for public nurrxxses such as hiphwav development,
nilitarv installations, or municipal expansion have so
altered the operatir^ unit that the renainin^ portion of the
operatin^ unit unstated for a practical operation.
Onl" that part of the contract that covers the acreage
remaininr after encroachment for public purposes may be
terminated bv mutual consent. Termination under this cir-
cumstances does not require a refund of cost-share payments.
(c) It is determined that the cooperator of the oneratinr unit
Is under such physical or mental disability that it would
not be reasonably possible for him to carry out the terms
and conditions of the contract and that to require him to
do so would work an undue hardship on him. In such cases,
the contract may be terminated without recovery of cost
shares with approval o^ the contracting officer and the SVJCD.
Any notice terminating a contract shall state whether or not
a refund or adjustment in cost-share payments vail be required.
The notice shall also provide that the SV/CD will Inform the
cooperator of the amount of the refund or adjustment and
ho'/ such a refund or adjustment is to be affected. To notify
a cooperator of contract termination use BCS-10, see Exhibit.
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The rollervn^ actions tend t^ defeat tre purposes of the contract:
Kno'?inrl*.' or ne^lirentl'7 destro'/int- or hroakiiT~ u1^ a conservation
practice listed in the rflar. of operations, ir-rr-srectable of cost-
shar'V pa'.-irc,;\t;:;, unless -rior ar;r/roval in '-rritin^ is rriven by the
cont^actinr officer to the destro/'i.n^ cr break in" UP under standards
dete'T'incd. >/ the rVJGP or SCf.'. Such actions l:v a cooperator on an
ooeratinr bnit w)-.ile he has control thereof during the li^e of
t'^e contract shall constitute a violation of the contract.
5.15 Contract D
The coo "orator G>vnll a^ree hv s^'^mirifr a contract to forfeit all
rirh'.~ to ^urtiicr cost-chare, ravr-entr; or rf-pap.ts under the contract
anci tr refund all cost-s^are. raTrrent" or '"T^as'its received thereunder,
5f the contractinrr officer determine:: that there fas heen a viola-
tion or +hr* contract during the tine the oooperator has control
of tve ope-'-itinr 'jnit and that ^uch v?Lolation is of such a nature
as to warrer.t t^rrd ration oc the contract. The cooperator who
F"1' ^n:; the contract vill he ohlirated to refund all cost-share pay-
^'le cooperator shall ar-ree bT,T sirnfn^ a contract to rake refunds
o^ cost-chare rwments or rrants received under the contract or to
accept -pa1 vent adiustrents in tlie contract, if the contracting officer
deterr'ir.e? that th.ere has heen a violation of tne contract during
the tir.e that the cooperator has control of the operating unit
and thc=ut such violation is of such nature as to \:arrent termination
of tl~e contract. Pa.^Tnent adiustnents rav include decreasing the
rate of a cost-share or deletinp from tv\e contract a cost-share
corrittrient or withholding- cost-share p,vTent5 earned but not paid.
The cooj^erator t.^o siens the contract will be obligated to refund
cost-sliare pavinents.
(a) Does not comrlv with all terras and conditions o^ the con-
tract. This includes, but is not linited to, failure to
earn" out the plan of operations as scheduled failure to
neet SC8 S:)ecifications in estabJ.ishinr practices. (A
cooperator who failed to carp' out a oractice(s) in his
plan of operation? as scheduled will not be considered in
violation I47 he promptly reschedules the practice(s) b}'
iriodif ication),
(b) 1,'ithout approval of the contractixir officer and/or SWCD,
dentrovs or breaks up a conservation practice established
under the terms of the contract.
(c) Files a false clair,.
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All employees involved in the5 I -.: . C<-<>_>< > rau< • -•'.•- • b/>;-: " : '
the contracting o^icer anv i-ij r r-'ati^i: 'fie'? obtain that indicates
a violation niav have occurrxv,. n eve"'" instance, fie oc-ntrdt" i.?
officer is reru.ired tr ascertain { i- violation has occurred ;>?;'
if so, determine i4 a forte:'"'.'.ir^, refund or "v<-.~ae< '. ad'usT-enx "r
termination rw be va^rentea. • \ viojaiioi, r-is ocxrirrred an a
forfeiture, paynent adiu^trient, ov terninatioii iaav ''0 \:arj^rd.e- ,
the contracting o( rj'cer shall ;;e>: that t!;e Sb'C*" coc^peritov is
inferred o^ the. details or the -'iolation in \.rrin"tinr.
The contracting officer shc-,bl rai'-'e a narrative report to the b i
on each case. TV> r^e^ort shall "'nolude the indorsation rece"i\',.a
bv the contract:rif of ricer hi^ ""^r^'n'r^s of facts and deter" "'na: b^r..
If the ST'/CT> approves the ropo^4 "d the contract:nr officer, a:, no
violation has occurred, or if a violation has occurred but no for-
feiture, refund, pavpent ar^'usf'-^nt, or termination is recuirr ,
no further action is necessar^,', '" oop^' or the resort of t):e con-
tracinf7 o^^ice1^, arrroved T" tb'1 °b"Cb, snail be rh]ed in t:it- .'.'•'!
office.
If 3 violation has occur:ed an;'! a rorreiture, refund, payr-eni td~
"iustnent or terr^inat"1'on is recuired, e'^c^rts shall be nade V>T? ' !ie?
contractinp orjricer to obtain s nc^n-comliance aoreer-pnt :kbd-V?
see Exhibit.
If an arreerent is not rede, a notice nr violation shall b-e. issued.
The notice shall be on ton" BCS-.;<, notir'° or ^ont^act violation,.
T)iis notice shall be rorvardec' "*•:•> the C'c^orierator ;" cert" ^ied "-ail,
return receipt ^e^ue^ted, "a'.'->- .-> n.otice o+ contract vic;iat.'on,
forni RCS-8, has been issued t'/ cc^itrac"1" violations ]i3X)c, •• , be pa" <-r>vo -- the '"-~-*T~\ ( :*' "
Thir> section ire^-criber, tTie >\" ;:b.:tionr cor r
violation o^ a contract ^as c'rfirYiec! aji'' J"or t]r'e Affect anc:
o^ such violation, "he ?b'CTA >"-v crves "f'he ri ^ht to rcdiry, ar
revise, or -u-^leT-iori an',' or t "•• 'sro\/i'-; 'ons or this r.ectiop
time: r>rovideb;, that such ar"~:'-r ^-hal". not adver"-e,i\T afj:ec'i
coo'oerator ^''TY-C. Jf--t arr^'n^.t'-r; • T' '!ecn's:'on !>'is b^en '^ade ant":
coooeraf OT^ ha^ 1 e^i (*,f^'(*' -~]'}'} • -.^t i ^^ <~"' therer^ before sue'" -
the cete'T°_ir."it''"-r ^r rier
occirrrec",
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If the contracting officer receives 5 nf emotion indicating that
a violation of a contract nidv have oocured hut determines, with-
out the is-vacance cf a notice as provided in this section and with
the approval uf the 3VJCD, thc, to accept: such forrfr'ture, remind, rayrent adjustment or
terrrination, :o further proce^dinr under this section shall be
underta]'en. The contracting officer1 and the S.v'CT) shall pive approval
to this agreement. The apreenent shall srecifv the reinaininn; ob-
ligiticns to the contract bv both parties .
(a) If the Tlv""^ ijelieve^, on ir.fcrratic.; svihr
contract inp; officer or other/rise, that -:i violation of
a contract has occurred which would ca] 1 for a forfeit-
ure-, refund, pavment adjustment or termination urd!ir
tn& provi 5 ions of this section, •-'ritten notice thereof,
on a :rorn prescribed b\! the 3WCD, rhall be riven to the
(b) Notice to a cocoeratcr under +hi::. section ray be cnovin
by (1) a written staterent b// the con':.T3Ctinp. officer
that the notice was nerconnallv delivered to the
coc iterator; (2) a w-ritter. statement by a cooperator
aclcowlied^cd --eceipt or the notice; ai-.d (3) a post office
return receipt (repiGtered or certified r"ail) showinr
that the notice was delivered at the la'~. t address of
the cooy-erator or sha-rinr that the rioTce could not he
delivered to the cooperator at his last sdcrcs-" because
.'ie had roved wilrhou"1" a cciy^,.virdi!~r add1^11 *>, I'rde^ this
s?cTi<;r. a cooperator will be co^^i'i^r-jd '.o have received
the notice at the time of personal receipt, or ar the
tirie 'if the j"eturti of r-in vr.dc- 1: vered ''er'i~tered or
certi^ie'' letter.
(c) The notice r.hall set -"ortl-.
latr'on and shall inforr'' tu:
fiver, aji orrx'vrttnity to aoT^ear at -~ hearir,.n he ''ore the
Sl/CP board i" he files a ^-.'r'itten rrcu^sj~ fcr such hiearinp
in the r?'JCD 'if rice not later than 30 d iy<- before the time
he r^cei'/ed the notice, '"he cocoe-raton '~; al] be notified
in writinr b\' trie rr!.r;ect adrir.i^tratcr cf^ tha tine, date
and place set' 'cr Th^ :xsaririr. If the , oopei^ator does not
file written re^.:uer-t J"Vr ~-i I'.eerirr 5 -•?' -Ices net appear at.
the spoointfcd tirre, "rv ray still have ar' opportunity for
a h"!orinrT, The '"^oard ray al: the"' :'• d:.scret ioTu perr.it
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(i) Tie hearinr before the SUCD hoard shall be ,,cid at
the tine and place and on the date set forth in tne
notice of the hcarin" to the cocoerator.
(if) "lie hearing shall be conducted in the manner deemed
"OST like>- to obtain the facts relevent to the all-
f-n-ed violation, The SVJCF) board bha^.1 "nave full
authnrir^ to confine the presentation of facts and
evidence to pertinent natters and to exclude irrel-
e^ent immaterial, or undul" repetitious evidence,
in^o" .a ujn or ruestions. In so doin^, the SVJCi'
board shall v. •" be bound by the strict rules of
•?vidence a? reouired in courts of laiT. '."'he hearin^
"vr1 be svorr. at the discretion of the board. The
hear.ir." shall be public.
(d) The coopp-Tvtor, or his representative, at the hearing shall
be "iven a ^ull opportunity to present facts and ir.forr'ation
relevent to the alleged violation and nav present oral or
documentary evidence. Statements r" ! evidence ma\r be sub-
mitted at the. hearinr by the contracting officer. Individuals
not othei-'. ose oresent at the hearinr to rive information or
evidence may, at the discretion o^ the board, be requesting
or permitted to rive information or evidence. The board at
its discretion, nav ixjrmit ^itnessess to be cross-examined,
including- those individuals called by it.
(e) The board shall orovide for the maJcinp- of a recorc; at the
hearin^ as will enable it to make a summary oc the test-
ipory receiver^ at t>ie hearinr if the cooperator and the
contracting officer atrree. 1^ the contract in r officer
feels that the nature of the case is such as to make a
transcript desirable and if the cooperator renuestc: such
a transcript a reasonable period nrior to the time that
the hearin^ berins, a transcript of the hearin^ shall be made.
1f a transcript is
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'- apra-h (c) o-~thi~ section, t p- "- e.ard --ill rurn:sh t:;e
•T.Trv-cf'n'- o-'^icer ••it"1 a vritv.n rep; >rt "--"ttinn "orth
••- h-'hv.h.'nr-s, ccnclusions, ano rx^corr^rseth' s -,.
r^: "!"•"- VT' .'_r'--it.' ' or. o~ r]oc 'r- ' r.ji £." *;"•.< 'f t"'.r violation is
<:: T'.p'tu.'""-- ^r ro " "-=iiT"^T'it tPTT-'frt-'t iciii o~c t"^1^ contyflc
-.^,,.,- ;:-;..->f: on or 'oc^'-ion ^-^l] ;~t ='te t'.nt t".^ contra
^r.ij r"":at: n of" t"ho con—
"Tract, t'ic coooe^at^^ ra^ ic ^-^oon.-'red to ra-:e :- rc*~unr! of
coot-?]" r^e r>a"--enT:r'- or fVcinion shall .^t^to the ^xtent of
r»:i'Ta-
ctice in heenin^ r-'i^li aoplicaMe lavs and regulations. Coooerators
ch.a.1] sawe t1"0 S".'Cn "''.arnle^s r"pop anv "'n"rir.ncr>enT55 uT~or. the rights
^ otl':i=rs or 4:rorn an"' failure to corrl/ ;-'ith BD^licahle laws or
regular:' ons.
hn." cooreratcr rav recuest t"~e ccntractino officer to reconsider
orioi1 to t^ie "yec'ition of t^e contract h" the ccor*;rator, an1--' de—
terrinatior rac'e h" : ~'r -""^ectinr the contract exr^-p"1- this ~v;v not
include dev=.lo,r4'^nt oj ^lifihle oon^e^.'sti on practices, cost-share
rates and. average c^sts. r.uch. reo'iest^- shall 'r>0 in '.Titin^ and shall
l~e filed "ithir 10 davs a^ter rece^h/:hrT rvtice n~ sues doternir-ation,
•A coo"eratC't^ shiil he deeded to "iave >^:c^"'vf:d notice c^~ the ''sterr^ia
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if a letter, form, or other drournorit has been railed or delivered
to him which discloses such deterr>ination. The contracting o^icer
shall notifv the ooonerator of this decision in writ';> (h'-' maihin.p
or by delivery o^ the deci^on) within 30 davs a'ter the r?linr of
the written recniest for i fcc/n JPe: cttion.
If the coonerator is dissatis* ied <-T:th the decision of the con-
tractinp officer, he may within IS davs after receiving written
notice of the decisiori file a i written appeal with the SWC!) Board.
The SWCD Board shall noti^' the- ccoperator of its decision in
writing (by nailinr or b^ delivery of the decision) vithi~> 30 I'ays
after filinr of the anpeal. I" the cooperator Bail's to request
reconsideration of" a determination by tlie contracting officer or
fails to appeal from a decision of the contracting officer, v.'ithin
the 15 days period, the deterrvi nation of decision of the cent? act inp
officer shall be final.
Tlie contracting officer may sobinit statements or briefs, including
a review of the case, to the SWOJ) Board.
Whenever the regulations in this section reouire the filinp of a
document, it is deemed filed when received, in the SI/CD office.
•19 Access to gperatinp Unit and I'ropram. Records
Any authorized representatives >"f the SV/CD and U.S. EPA, for the
purpose of ascertaininp the accuracy of any of the representations
made in or in connection with or ]eadinp up to anv contract entered
into hereunder and the enterinr into any contract of the performance
of the terns and conditions o* such contract shall have the rlrht
to enter the operating unit at anv reasonable tine in order1 to
measure the acreage, to render technical assistance, to inspect the
work undertaken under1 anv contract and to examine anv prorrair re-
cords pertaininr to the operat:nr unit and the coonerator sha11
furnish such inrorration relatino to the opei atiiif unit as rtr1 be
reouested by authorized repre5:^nt"at.ives of the Board.
•20 Procedure for Individual Farm Srntracts
The following procedure v:i 11 be used fcr
contracts.
(a) "Pie individual cooperator will sim un as a cooperator
with the, Allen Count?/ Soil £ Hater Conservation District.
The basic arreerent al]o'.:f- the District renres;entative'-
to provide assistance,
(b) The District will assist the coc-nerator i: develooinr : rlan
of operations, which wiJl identifv all conservation pr^-tices
needed on the land. The olar v.'ill be approved bv the ".S.
1" PA' s pn^1 "1 cot off icer.
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(d) dn the ia;:-h- of tV- elan or e\*'"r-' z^c ! .
"t j~ e^ua!1 to OT^ f"jxc"
$?500.Qn tV I "_ddino procedure
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are open, ^ne o.S. i.r/
:l if ic-t
(k) An SCS representative" will be placer1 ir, charge of supervising
the installation of -,11 conservation practices in tV con-
tract: .
(1) 1 ipon corc.letion and certification of the contract p"aet;ee
installation, the d: strict will make parents rased -n th.e
cost-sharir:^ schedule, (sub-section 9.6) payorr.t in ; not
exceed the ar>our.t is. the individual plan or" oreratr'V: ,
(r) 'The individual coorerator v;ill prov;d^ the district -:--
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in the plan o£" oreraT i enr:; spellinr out the estimated cost
r.h^rin<' arourt to be provided by the district in the year
the oracticeCs) will he installed. All pavr^nts •.•"'.11 be
radc on certification h^ the Coil Conservation Service
thc't the installation meets the technical puide specifica-
tions. COST sharinp will he based ^n the percentage deter—
ri.ned by the district and applied to the actual cent not
to exceed the SCS representative''.:; estimate.
Conservation Service will develop 4he pl
specifications fo^ the work to be r'cne for use by
in advertising for a contractor. This desirn will be
developed from fie id survevs and enrineerinr design criteria
established bv the Soil Conservation Service, and approved
b" the U.S. Environmental Protection /^fer.cy before contractors
are nori^ied throurh local advert iserent 3 of the hid ..u. ..':,:
date. A list of resiTonsihle bidders v?ill be ^re pared and
undated rx?riodicallv bv the Allen Pountv Sur^.'eyors office
and the. Allen Countv Soil and 'v'ater Conservation district.
The crrcaip with assis ranee from the District, if requested,
vri.ll prepare the bid a d vert is ere nt and select the bid opening
date. In the notice to the prospective bidders a brief out-
line of the work to he done and estirated cost ranges and a
bond renuirerent will be stated. The individual or
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Cost-share Incentives r-'i]j he radc to individuals and rroups to
encourage application or various conservation practice to the land.
6 . 1 riJcyible Conservation braotices_
Trie list of sol] and water- conservation practices ^er the BCSA
are described on pares A-')] through A-46 of the work plan and
are listed in Table A-io o~ that docunent. These practice's are
eligible for cost-shar<^ "lien carried out in combination a:> set
^ort'n in nlans or operation1"' cor the ^ri^ar*' ^urTXjse of • rotection
against wind or v.ater erosion and reducir.r or coitrc-llinf arri-
cultural relate^ ix^llutioi, tho^e are:
(a) Conservation CronTv'rr Svsten
rra.Tinfr crops In. combination 57^11 needed cultural and
ranare^ent m^asure^. Cropping s^steps .ir.clude rotations
that contain <-rrar-s^'; and le^anes as '. 7ell as rotations
iri :"h:'ch the cicsirel benc^'its are achievr-?^ ^';thoui the
use o£ such cro^s.
(b) Contour
rarrJ.r.r' slopin" c1: ; " ''.'ate;: land ;n suc'i a '-.7av that plowing
prepar^nt^ and plar' :*> r , an :, cult :". : !:ii">n ar^e done rjn the
contour, (rlb;is :'.no"; •- •"- •:••', Lo'p'nc °s^ -/:. 1 ^^••••: ^r^dps o*
terraces, dnver^if; . -Nr ^-j^.c-jr ' ^i ' :-).
^ -- , ;p v j i - . £ !y,p| - -3- i ^y v
"hi-- •'- elude:- w; ,
as trees, sh^u • , o; 'vno^, --'.n.• >, vted ""';
le^unes establ is!ie-'. ('>-<•• r"4 "'•-/_•',,," +^er ' • •: t
for the product: or1 "' '." ^ ' ' "r'i'r:''r-).
l:slr,r plant res:duo
critical erosion "-r
(e)
^v C^^HnPif^l Vt"1* "I'll cl "•>
structed across f/3
; T^ --1f v^o "
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Field bonier Plant i rip
A border or strip of ;-*ir'-Virda.l v<-:~otaf ion
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(p) ra3t'-i>.- and flay lane .''lanagement
Froper treatment and use of pastureland or hay Land.
(a) FnSturv and Hay land Planting
Establishing and re-establishing long-tern stands o: adapted
species of perennial, biennial, or reseeding forage plants.
(Includes pasture and hay land renovation, does not incl'.'de
grassed waterway or outlet on cropland).
(r) Fonds
A water impoundment rnade by constructing a dam across a
watercourse or a natural basin, or by excavating a pit or
"dugout." (Such ponds do not include spring development
or irrigation reservoirs).
(s) Protection luring Development
Treatment based on a plan to control erosion and sediment
during development for residential, commercial-industrial,
community servies, transportation routes or utility uses.
(t) Recreation Area Improvement
Establishing grasses, legumes, vines, shrubs, trees, and
other plants or managing woody plants to improve an area
for recreation.
(u) Sediment Control Hasina
A barrier or dam constructed across a watercourse or at
other suitable locations to form a silt or sediment basin.
(v) Stream Channel Stabiliza" -.;•
Stabilizing the channel or a stream with suitable structures.
(Includes 90,000 feet, fencing; 6,000 feet structural stabili-
zation) .
(w) Streambank Protection
Stabilizing and protecting banks of streams or excavated
channels against scour and erosion by the use of vegetative
or structural means.
(x) Stripcropping
Crowing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or banks
on the contour to reduce erosion.
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( a)
: --;iib~uv "•"'V.r.t o>o & r-i^^c1. •~\re slope tit a ruitaMe s'ac-'nr and acceptable
-.^ v ^.';MQC; t^o^^'o^. ~vv:' "'o! "^ ui~ion .-^^n ""^ovicit" ~* TVX^V^P
, . . 1 1 -, . .'r
:r--.-!Cf an^ vhicr, collect-, ^nd/^r conveys ^^fliria^
in a^T'rovina'uel^ 200,3JO lineal
orcjoion and 3ec5i'fnt control o*
(ee) Woodland Ir"~rov-;d Harvesting
r-"stei-at:'cai !x' v"et'-|ovJn:T sore OF trie ^erc riant able trees Iron
an i^Tnature stand to irvrro'-'c the conditions for forest
rror ti i.
(ff) Voodland In^rr
'crovrnr all or narts of selected branches 'Yor trees to
?j~orowe tin)~>er cualit".
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6.2 Basis for Cost-Sharin^
Cost-sharir.r may be on the basis of (1) average cost, or (2) actual
cost not to exceed a spec:'!".! or1 maximum. cost as set forth in the
Table A-10 of tile '-/orb T\lan and current specifications for the
practices includinr cost-sharinr procedures see Lxnibit.
Each identifiable ur.it to bo cost-shared rust be clcarlv uientifiablr
in the nlan of o^rations (rorr BCS-2) .
6.3 Average Cost and Specified "aximum Costs
Average cost and specified maximum cort shall be reviewed annual lv
•and rust be approved b" th^ SV,'C^.
Countv average cost and specified maximum costr, shall be reviewed for
a twelve month T~eriod, arid shall be a Droved no later than January 33
each vear.
'•'ecessarv changes in average costs and specified maximum costs
be approved as deered. necerr.arv b; the £W2P. renerall\-', changes shoi
not be .made in average costs unless actual cr^;tP h.ave increase..'1 or
decreased b'' 10% or rare .
6.4 Determination of Averao-e Costs
The basic element in the do termination o^ an a\/erare COST is the-
actual cost to coor^erators . Data on actual costs si.all !e collectt-:.
on a continuinr basis, fror cooperators , b" SCS technicians and tr."
project director. Actual costs data nust be collected on a reprere:,-
tative number o^ nobs on all eli^i^le practices. -/;ch ciata reed r>.r
be collected on all iobs. Tn the deterri nation o^ <-<\ costr;,
format: or. ^ro^ suppliers, land errant colleges, anci ci -- .-• . ourco':
nav be considered ir addition to data collected ^ror" • • • r-itor' -
All a^st data used in deterriir.in" average co'vt0, ru""*- • : 'i
the o^^ice inhere5 the =5v°T"'-TT'"1 costs are dete^T0 'ned.
6.5 Specified "aximum Costs
'•/hen practices are to be cost- shared on an actual cost br '• •
exceed a specified cost, a maximum amount to which cost-sh- = r 'r - • -
be eligible, s]-:all be entered in the average cost colvj^n or - "••••- '•
of operations r^r each irfenti^iable unit of the practice,
The specified maximum cost shall be an amount not in excess of that
considered bv the Sh'CD to v~e a sound investment ^or the cooperator
and the rovernment, all ^actors conside^d.
6.6 Chanrir.p the T:>ate or Amount o^ Cost-Shari n^
TTie SVJCP v7ill revie\: cost-share rates annually and when if chanre
affects practices not vet installed a contract modification '..all be
needed to reflect the chanres.
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Section 17IT
M Cost-Share-
The procedure for cooperators to receive cost-share payment ~'s as
follows:
(a) The cooperator makes an application for cost-share when
the work is completed. Application is made on Form BCS-5,
see exhibit. At the same time, he submits the necessary
bills, invoice or ether materials as prescribed by the con-
tracting officer, He completes and signs an in-kind rr
cash contribution report, SBA-363, see exhibit.
(b) The contracting officer notifies SCS that the work has
been completed. SCS representatives then certify that
work has been done as planned and according to standards
and specifications.
(c) After the work has been certified by SCS, the contracting
officer prepares a voucher for payment and submits it to
the SWCD.
(d) The SWCD reviews the vouchers and approves them.
(e) The contracting officer then makes out and mails or delivers
a check to the cooperator.
It is the responsibility of the producer to make application for any
cost-share payment that is due him en or before June 30, of the year
folloving the cilendar year in which the identifiable unit was applied
or installed on the land.
Cost-shar^ na;/ments may be made only after an identifiable unit is
carried out. "Carried out" means applied on the land. Cost-share
payments nay not be made for unapplied materials, or services that
partially complete an identifiable unit of a practice.
Cost-share payments may not be made for a completed identifiable
unit that is dependent upon the performance of a practice that failed
to meet specifications. For example, a livestock watering facility
that is supplied by a pond, not meeting specifications, will not
be eligible for cost-share. In cases of this nature, the cooperator
must be informed by an explanation to be included on the Form BCS-7,
see exhibit, issued as a result of the practice not meeting specifi-
cations .
Cost-share payments may not be allowed for any work performed prior
to the date the contract is signed by the Cooperator.
Payments must be drawn in the names of the cooperator signatory to
a contract.
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o;~h nhare "wrents are T-ad<= '->? '~"p/Jl).
/- rro/vr-it^r1 is not eliO~'.e to -r^cT'v~ ::ost-s!>Tre p
'inrn *"oy c-ji jt'f^r"*""' ~~^ rir^l c ;iriT """ ic1, T."as no~t
r,r :'r net TO be carr"1'pd o\;t uricloi" f"1.i" "••TD"Tdr1,.
r.>uc tc the. rene^all'-' i"ore cor*5l^y. aji-' cor-tl'>T rature o"F rroup p:
thev vill he considered a:; s~^ec:al ^r\'r'ectr> and "."ill he subject to
'•mitten cLptroval bT; hcth the oro^ect ad" ' and nroiect officer
cr r'F'A. Special cost-shar1*:- nte^- and arounts wj 11 be sub iect to
revir^ /md a^oro/al jy tho :LPA rro-'ect of
, or "icrticin thereof, due aiv cooperator
h^re^ncler1 S'lall be .^eterpined and allo'.'ed. without deduction of clair.iG
"or advance" aiid v.'ithout re^ar:'' to arr-r cbaf.r <^r lion against a.n;7
7 • ^ ^i 1 in c- o /'_ F alse^ Clajins
Mo coo'^er'at'-;r shall file 3 cla:'^ pov- ,5 cos 1- share ^a'v^erit to vhicbi
he Vnows he is not entitled under the ^rov ''-ions ^o*" tb.'-: :vrorr'an,
Lncludin,'" olair ror a cost-share pa^,ment^> not carried out or ^or
eli^ibj.e cmservation practices carr;r-H c)ut in such a r,.mner t];at
the"/ do rot rieet the raouire.d spocificatiors tiL-:^eof , and th.e ^il
of anw such clain shall constituteb violat'or o* the contract.
7.6 "anner and Ti^e of Cost-Share 1 a^ Treats
e
C^st— r'n3rf? '~!r!TTni"jnts shall ^e r^aid to the ooo'v-nto^ af
carried out an identifiable unit cf hir:- T'lcin oc ^i^'^'vitions and
arrangement1; ther-efor shall be rad° b" the r-'.'Cr, \ a'/rents r-hall be
mace as soon as practicable after •,*••_.• " is candied
out ano tlio content or performance has beer est iiNlished. It sh.ill
he the resiynsihi.lit" c-,~ the cooseraror e'l,h"ihle for cost-dh.ai^:
ra^T^enfF to establish, his clain to suds :-a"r-enrs. Ost-sliare ray-
r^nts fo>-' identifiable units carri.ed out und^r the ^rorrai* '.all be
rade o.il\'' mon application submitted on the f//^r"~' vrescribed to "he
S'./CJ\ H-jch a^sl icat I.on shall he ^iled vith, 'r. 90 da"; arter the
•hdentiri.V; le unit "as carried cut.
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7.7 Payments Due Persons , Deceased , Da sappeared , _pr I jeclared Incompetent
Death: Inhere any person who Is otherwise eligible to receive a
cost-share pavnent dies befoi-e pavment is received, payment nay
be made upon proper application therefore, without rep.ard to claims
of creditors in accordant-1"- v;th the followinr order of precedence.
(a) To the administrator or executor of the deceased person's
estate .
(b) To the surviving spouse, if there is no administrator of
executor and noreic' expected to be appointed, or if an
administrator or executor was appointed but the admin-
istration of the estate is closed (i) prior to application
by the administrator or executor for such payment, or (ii)
prior to the time when a check, draft or certificate issued
^or such payment to the administrator or executor is negotiated
or used.
(c) If there is no survivinp spouse, to the children of the
deceased person in equal shares . Children of a deceased
chi]d or a deceased iierson shall be entitled to their
parent's share of such r^nent, share and share alike,
Ir there are no r.uw'vinp children of a deceased child or
such deceased person, the share of such payment which
otherwise would havp been made to such child of trio de-
ceased persor sha"1! KP divided ecuallv amonp the 'urviving
children of the deceased person and the estates o4 any
deceased child whcvi° thprc are surviving direct -ie-'cendents.
(d) If there is no surviving 5? rouse and no direct derc f>ndent ,
payment shall be made to the fattier and mother o' the de-
ceased person in enwl sha^.s , ov- the whole therv-o* of the
survivinr father c-r Tether,
(e) If there is no sur^iv IP.F ^KXISP, or direct descendant, and
no survivinp parent , pa'.nent shall be made to th^ brothers
and sisters of tho ck-ceaset' ">3rf ->r] on equal 'harv?s, children
of a deceased brother or sister shall be entitled to their
parent's share o*" ^he cos *• -share na^Tnent, share and share
alike. Tf there ar\' !io survlvinr direct descend mfs of the
deceased brother rir risfer of such c'pceased rorrcri, the share:
o^ the payment which '•-ther*:'?p woulc; ha\.'e been made lo such
brother or sir,terc" r-Kall Ix? div'd^d equally among 'he ^urvivinr
brothers or sisters ~*f such deceased person and the estates
of anv dpoeaspd ^ >"vcthei'-s cv'
Ir the?T; "' s no cur^'ivinr spouse, direct descendants, parent,
or brothers or sir- prs o4" their descendant", the payment shall
be rade to the heirs -at- lav in a^cordancp v:i"~h ^he law of the
state of dor.ioi]*" -~-f the deceased i>=rson. T': v." yiprson v;ho
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7.8
:'T. or;tiT'ed to pavrer.t under the above order of prescedence
is a rr'nrr, payrvnt o^ his share shall be made to his legal
Guardian, hut If no ler,a~l raardiar has been appointed, pay-
rrervt sh.?~!l lie made to his natural muirdiar, or custodian far
his herr-i^t,, unless The rinors .share of the Ociyment exceeds
vi,'",CO, I1"1 LTI '.;h:r-h event oavr^i.t shall be rvde only to his
le~al riardi.Ta, Anv ccst-shar^ ryi'-TTent ;:hich the deceased
pcf'S'jn c'.ul-"' nava received ir.a" be nade Jointly to the persons
^o.TT:"' to be entitled to such, na^vent or1 shares thereof under
this sexier,, f> separate chec>~ rray be issL'"3 to each person
entitled to sh=re in cuch u.a\ry?nt.
a) Tr case any rers.cn othervrise eligible to receive a cost.-share
oT/rent Disappears before receiving p-avrent:, svicn payment
nav be rnade upon nroper application therefoie, without rerard
to claiiis or creditor's to one of the follotyinp in the order
per.'4, ioned:
(i) The conservation or jicuidator of his estates,
\f one b« dul-' anroin^ed
''ii;) .An acuj.t s^n G^ daurh^er or rr^ndc'nild for the
benefit of his estate
(*]'',) The ^^th.r3"^ *sr ^^ st0**" ^o'*^ ^r}?* boncf * t of hxs
estate
(,/) -V. =riult brother or cis^er "-• t' ^ V-enef:ts of
l'.~ •"-, estate
li-^r4
~.T,r-,--i ^.,p ~,-, iled "^ ^^vea 1 ::•" ""'- '';r;bO'!~"s , aiid
'";:•:'":\it-'" "•' "he person
-,,r (^'ip£blp tO
-'T"; c_nt by a
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out regard to clairs of creditors to the r^ardian or cc.r-^i tt
le^allv appoi nted, rvr."~ient, if not rore than $l,UOu,'J"J n-T/
bo ri?de r-n f hout rerard to elfins ^or creditors to one or the
folla-f.n^ in the orde%- rentiop.ed ^or the benefit of 1 ,'.-•
(i)
(ii) An adult son, daughter or crrandchild
(iii) The ^ather r*r- mther
(iv) V. adult brother or sister
(v7) r^rh ^erson ac ""a" be authorized under state
lav: to receive -vr-rnent ror the inconpetent.
(d) ^•ordication to ?;e~ir>^: In case any '^err-on entitled to a:r>Iy
for a cost share "vTTuant to tl^e provifoons r this
section, dies, d-isar-^nars, or is ad^ud^ed inconi-etent , as the
case rair he, after lv has applied ^or -3ach ^a\Tient >-ut br-^or^
pa\Tent is received, pr.T'ent na^' he rade unon proper applica-
tion therefore, 'without r^^ard to c lairs or croditrir;; to the
person next entitled thereto in accordance uith the order of
r?reeedence set forth herein.
(e) Definitions: As used in this subsection, the term "person"
x;hen relating to one *. rho dies, disappears, or becomes in-
conpetent, prior to veceivinr pa^./nent, reans an individual
cooperator who is due a cost-share pavnent pursuant to these
regulations. "Chijd.ren" shall include lerall;/ adopted
children w-o bnaM ':- ..--.itiUed to sh-.ir*- irl -jav cust-sharf : -jv-
nent in the sape ranner and to the sane extent as legitimate
children of natural parents. Brother or sister when relatinr
to one who, pursuant to the regulations, is eligible to apply
for a cost-share rva^-T'.nt which is due a person, who dies,
disappears, or becores incoroetent prior to the receipt of
such pa'.-rent, shall include brothers and sisters of the half
blood who shall be considered the sane as brothers and sisters
of the t.Thole blood .
7.9 Successors in Interest
If durinr the contract period all or a part o^ the rifht and interest
of any cooperator signatory to the contract in the oueratinr unit is
transferred bv sale or othervrise, the contract shall terminate as to
such cooperators with respect to the acreage which has been trans-
ferred. In the event of such termination the ccooerator whose ripht
and interest is transferred shall forfeit all rights to further
cost-share navnents or prants nade to him under the contract with
respect to such acreape unless the transferee who acquires his ripht
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and interest in such acreape is or be cones a part'; to a contract
which will assurne all obligations of the cooperator under, the con-
tract .
The contract shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with
the original te7Tns and conditions of the contract with respect to the
rifht and interest remaining to the cooperator. The contract nay be
modified by th-2 contracting officer an-i the coo]^erator pipnatory to
the contract, to reflect the changes, i^ anv,!?- . , •• about by the
transfer, in the event necessary modifications cannot be amreed to
with the contracting officer. The coonerator sha'! 1 refund all cost-
share payments or reacts theretofore made to hirn with rv?pect to his
remaim'np ri"ht and intere^-t in the operatinr unit ar,d to the cooperator
in the contract,, If this refund occurs, the cooperator would have no
rights or obligations under the contract.
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Section VI IT
RHSEARCH O
This section sets forth the basic field and laboratory analytical
procedures to be followed in the project described in this document
and in the plan of work Ijiyircymenta_l Impact of_ Land Use on Water
Quality (EPA-G005103) . It is supplemental to rather than a replace-
ment for the basic discussion cf that document.
The laboratory and field procedures described in this section represent
those it is believed will be most appropriate to the work to be carried
out in the. project. For example, laboratory procedures described
in Section 8.4 are believed to be those most appropriate to the
concentrations of particular substances expected to be found in the
samples collected on this project. If information developed during
the course of the project reveals that initial estimates were- not
correct , changes in procedures and techniques may have to be made
to take into account the unexpected results. In that case, ihis
handbook should be considered a guide rather than a definitive
statement which is subject to neither change nor deviation.
Already, some changes in the basic thrust of the study have been
considered. For example, the initial objective of the biological
monitoring program was to assess the effects of land treatment practices
on the biota; however, as worV has progressed, the effects of the
biota on the watershed have become verv interesting. A surprising
abundance and diversity of fish have been identified in the various
tributaries of Black Creek. ";iis observation is interesting from a
biological standpoint, and changes in these populations will no
doubt be recorded during the course of the proiect. The effects of
the fish on the watershed and on the sampling process are particularly
interesting also. During normal to low rlow periods, the fish become
concentrated in pools. These pools are often located below Bridges
where the samples are most often collected. Thus, samples t.iken
during low flow periods were found to contain unreal istical] v high
levels of turbiditv due to activity of fish and of muskrats. Further-
more, the activity of the muskrats along the stream banks may have
a profound influence on ban}: Ptabi.1i.tv rind erosion problems v.lthin
the ditches. Consequently, an effort will now be made to det ermine
both the effects of the water sned on the biota and the effects of
the biota on the watershed and sanplinp methods employed.
Sampling is, o^ course, a fundamental problem in any monitoring, pro-
gram of the tvpe planned for Hlack Creek. At the present state of the
art, quantitative data will certainly not be as accurate as could be
desired. The data collected will, horever, be precise enough so that
it is useful for comparison of results before and after treatment,
Efforts are being made to oH iin a useable automated samplii," device.
Sections 8.1 and 8.2 set forth a summary of the basic ouestjons being
investigated durinp this proiect and the basic techniques that are
being employed, A more complete discussion of these factor: is con-
tained in the work plan.
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The fcll^wi:ip nu~:c "iTs are "Identified ~or study in the Black
Creek Pro'-c-.'rt ;
(:'; '/."hat is the e'vt i^itrd cos*. ':
(:i) Jan fost be acciJr^tf-r v (-r^T^eia"*"''"'; with irproverro.nt
in vv;"tsv rurij.1t1'?
(i) LS the ri-.osrhoT~UP ccrTXDGit-Jon c: thr^ colloidal
sedirent tT-T/ical of the ^'aiipee- Lake F".;ain sinni-
r::car.±lv hi.^h^r than "°-dirent corit^ininr larrer
ar^oiu"'ilrs c' Gair'1 rjncx silt?
( ii) ;T~at i::, tl'.e contrihut ion of ere:-->n ^nd c-eclinent
transpo''-!' ^ror, vari'r, is ?r-'1 tv;.^-:: t^ "J'Jq concentra
ti^r,;: of "r'unor'T wa^eri?
(iii) h'hat is the availahi'JiV <"'f~ 7d:cP'.:no:r~u:; and nitr
(c) V/h.:'t is th;" relati'^o .i; r-''r'faiicc ^>r r^inc^rx'"1 cne^sry to r'unoff
in detac^inr soil rate; ial *'or tranr-pcrt L" "a\r"ee Basin
soil-? VThat is the rolati^r.ship o4^ -uanti"? of ^ur^ace flow
to, def^rr.nRr*' cind trais'tcrt ?
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(a) An accelerated pros-Tar of land treatment will be cai ri*-d out
in accordance with the procedures outlined in the preceding
sections of this handbook with conservation practices designed
in accordance with the Universal Soil Loss Equation.
(b) Monitoring of Black Creek and its tributaries for various par-
ameters will be carried out. Data collected will be in the
following categories:
(i) Surface and Subsurface water samples
(ii) Rain water samples
(iii) Water stage recorder data
(iv) Recording rainrage data
(v) Field notes
(c) Laboratory analysis of 1he samples will be performed tv-
measure:
(i) Organic Carbon
(ii) Phosphorus
(iii) Nitropen
(iv) Calcium
(v) Magnesium
(vi) Sodium.
(vii) Potassium
(viii) Heavy metals
(ix) pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity
(d) Additional laboratory v?ork will be done to study the equilibria
of nitropen and phosphorus in sediment.
(e) A series of experiments on trial plots using simulated rainfall
will be conducted and the results analyzed to determine:
(i) The relative importance of raindrop energy and runoff
energy in soil detachment and transport.
(ii) The effects of various cultural practices on erosion
and sedimentation.
(iii) the effects of winter cover crop on erosion and
sedimentation.
(iv) The effects of conservation tillage systems on erosion
and sedimentation.
(f) A computer simulation model will be developed based on data
collected in the project and utilizing the Universal Soil Loss
Equation in an attempt to relate model coefficients to physical
constants.
Biological components of the watershed will be studied, primarily
fish and insect life with general surveys being undertaken of
other aspects of the biota.
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(hj ;"• r:^ciolosT3 cal study will be conducted aimed at measuring
the potential effectiveness o^;
(i) Le.tTislati on.
(:.i) Educdtion
(i:i) An incentive program
in securing the cooperation of landowner? in Black Creek
V/atershed and the f'aunee Basin in a prorrar of improvemenr
o^ water quality through reduction of erosion.
8.3 ^bnitorinr (data collection)
Data that are -presently beinr collected can be classified into the
following categories:
(a) Water samples from:
(i) Surface flow
(ii) Subsorface flow
(iii) ^a in fall simulator plots
(b) Rain water samples
(c) Water stage recorder data
(d) Recording rainpare data
(e) Field notes
8.3.1 Surface Flow
Sampling will be accomplished on the raunee F'iver, St. Joseph River, St.
Mary's River, Black Creek and its tributary drains, and Wann Drain,
which collects runoff from a check area immediately to the east of
the Blacdc Creek Watershed.
The rivers will be monitored to dete.rdne chemical and sediment concen-
trations usinp hand collection techniques according to procedures
enumerated in Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the United
States Geological Survey, Book 3, Chapters Cl, C2 and C3. Sampling
sites will be on the St. Joseph and St. Cory's Rivers above Ft. Wayne
and the Maunee River below Ft. Wayne. Reasons ^or the selection of these
sites are (1) to supplement USCS data, (2) to isolate the sediment and
chemical load contribution of Ft. Wavne, and (3) to study in -particular
the St. ?'dry's River which before enterinp Ft, Wayne drains mostly
apricultural land. Samples to be used will be selected from the Inter-
Agency Report "catalofrue" (Federal lnte?Wirency Sedimentation Project
Report, 1966). Use of standard equipment and techniques will allow
for a more; reasonable comparison o^ data collected at these and other
points in the Maumee Basin by other arencies.
-------
ret ~
placed pum:)inr sarrler ( 'S~G") ar- deveio.
Federal Tnter-Arencv Sedimentation !ro"'ect •••ill r,e usr.
collect suspended sediment and chemical saroles frx r >
streams. In addition, these sarnies will be, suprlf^rent';' )"•• nand
collected samples at interr^ediate and secondarv s"'.ter>. •*'./v-jT'out
Black CreeV Watershed anc the c'raina^e ^re.r' cor thp '.•;«;,• "v-:"i.r..
Sarnies to be collected hv the automatic pumpinp sampit -r w., .LJ be
taken from the suspended load rortlon of the stream, di •'. uarre usinr
a float device, Comparison of the sediment concer.trat i'-n vrl] lie
made to determine what correction factor il anv wil~ be ••ooes3riry to
apply to the singular point values.
Presently fourtee i active surface watev- cualitv jr*onitoi , nr sites
are in operation in the Black Creek Watershed and the drainage area
connected with Wann TVain. Seven of these sites ire -i •• control
sections of a stream or i^escrvoir at which discharge m'e-isavements
will be made. At the control sections, the surface sti,:'e measurements
are continuousIv monitored usinr pressure-actuated st-i"* recorders.
The control sections on ".h.^ steams have been improver, 'v installing
low flow weirs either constructed from sheet pilinr 01 teei platinp.
Calibration o* stare w"4h d.ischar^e '-'ill :,o accomo] isrv . usinr standard
stream rarinn ecir'^ment jnr! tecJ'.Tiieues.
For each hand sawole, t'v J-OT • ., ali^uots cf discsar^^ -ire collected
at each site. One 500 '• '' alic:a^t i:? '"rozen unfilteroc' irnecrlately
on i^eturn to the field _r-ji-orat^rn7 located w'thin rhf . ;;:fine& of Black
Creek Watershed. About 290 i~ h ">r the other ali^urt ic '.'."tcred through
a 0.45 u por^-sized, aci" (O.V! .h'Cl) rinse'' ^ilter : c* . ••- r cine- frozen.
The remainder is used to determine the pii, dissolve." ''-y.-i-er., turbidity,
and alkalinif-v ir thes-"' ;a?'ametfrs }w^ IK ^ alrear",' "-- •" 'efe^'m-.lned by
the samrolinr sites.
In addition to the aho\"° r/ar^acp water sites, sever- i', -c. ,
installed at ]x~>int pollution so'orces :;n t'^- v;aterr,h.ec: -T:.-; -\t
collection basin^ as t"'y ire oonstr^acted.
Extensive subsurface dr'aiiHr" ^'Ste^'" ^ave been
Maumee Basin to make t"~^ heav, relative]" ~^oor~
the basin suitable for •••'"'r-'culture.
Subsurface flor-' will re monitor-^:: ^cr chemical ^;;d sr ","•.-.;,t einchar^e
usinp rS-fi9 automatic ^amrle^s. •'• n'rimum <
a^e systems "hich drar'r rv?"^re'-'cntat'''\"'' soil
selected, rinoin^ faci ' "' jo;; p'-'-ir !'hn r^esen"1: c
alleviate baokvatcr :~>T(.'r^, p?ms. ] umrs 4 e rvor.'vde
c'.'C-h"1 wi 1] a"'i"pT ."''•vide a
-------
8,3,3
iCt*"/3::.
."•:• '"" ;.?r,r.Gr; pace .'ia^c
P '•*i~t_cy~ Icy-si ^^C'Cni^-cl^'T"1 or.
-------
are most li>:el^', TMr'inf the colder months, when poecipihation : as
a more unipoT". area! rii-^ribution, the number of c*ap-es in o^era^ -' j
is reduced, At lean- two ri" individual landovr.err Fin:] the K:l',;'' -.ield
mechanism ob~ecf,"ior>fr~f- ..hen ;'T js located s-'-ar 'aii" build^np "N"
residences arid ar*- much, less w'llin^ to ^.•''ve oerr;iission "or "•••"•
installation o^ a ^hnelde^ ^ain^ar^r,,
Calibration o* each ^are i^ oher-ked a^rer ins' all ation. it •• ill be
rechecked annuall". Servicing of the aar^es is on a four to f; vo
day schedule. 'This serv'oe ^recuence nrovider; ^cxod. tirrlpr -("
the flares are •;sliced, charts are remov- ' -uid sent to ; ^rxiue,
Paily rainfall amounts for eaoli fa^e are recorded.
s. 3 .7 rieldjtotes
The Purdue proiect coordinator is responsible for ^reparation of a
detailed set of field notes. /"Ithourh these notes are not o: vruar,-
titative use, they are extremely useful -^or explairdnr anomalies
in data that may result from extreme!v localized ufiusual weather or
field conditions,
.4- Laboratory Analysis
Water quality samples collected from the systems outlined in the
preceding section will be analvzed at the Purdue Field Laboratory
at the town of Harlan and in the Water Quality Laboratory established
in the Agronomy Department at Purdue University. Analyses o1 samples
are as outlined on Firures 8-1, 8-2, and 8-3. Basically, analyses
for suspended solids, N components, P components, and organic caroon
will be emphasized. These indicies of~ water quality were selected
for the following reasons:
(a) Suspended solids is the basic parameter which will be used
in this studv to assess decreases in sediment loads i:
streams through, use of soil conservation practices. '. us-
pended solids lower water ouality and usefulness of warer
resources by increasing the cost of r:.urifyinn- drLnki.r.f water,
decreasinr desirabilitv of water for recreation, interfering
with foori sunrly and reproduction in some rar-e fish, ^rorotinr
siltation of lakes, reservcijps, harl»rs, etc., ana causinr
excessive wearing o*c metal carts in hydroelectric rener'ntinr
plants.
-------
i.:
)c£;r; •:•'rvtcr.t r'" ;7~*>:r is .'"'i^or
.-l-y-i- T~l,' ", |-. ,^ r . ;^'^ ,
r,rvr :!?"^>air the health •"'''
Ivor^toc1 -\', concoritr'itions cT^eet"-*" ^vl-,
(i"• p p-"1 ",',indc?-*-d). Tn addition ~^~".:~' "•'
^ crate r\v-' nrorore .-:>-.
o""tor :,"-5'r.ir" al~^e
cST1." inrlu7< of P rpci'7 " ,.
cti"^olvcr ^O^T"" rf P are rest, -iva^lal
It ir ^^aic!dtoT".' that t"'~e P cor:t":t o'
TO s"t:'.re.te the ~^tenti^l size of t'rie
]iher-itefi tc the rater ::nase,
(d) 'Prrranic carKon i- -- uoe.^ul '.later- ru-iiity r.arv-jretor fro1^. several
FtandT'oirtP. The lev^l o£ dissolved or'-Tair"c ° provides an
.'r.de;-; >^f r>>-; trophic ':-tate o47 the uater, Jndioateo tiie size of
"th*3 "!rer''%T"' "TOO} ava.lla^l"-; to h6?t°.rotro~xU.ic ^on-itio ncroor—
-ar.Prjrs, and provider -in^omation on the ^ource ct ccntardnation,
i.e. arrioulrural r\inof~ or s^'-'ao-e dischar'fe.
In addition,, anajvses for '-'ater temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity,
rd:, a.r.d alPalinit^' vr'il be rade at the tfjne or sai^olin^ cr :rrer:iatelv
"olla'ir^r rx'ip^I.inf*. Periodic neasurenents of K, Ca, ^'^, "la, or^an-
ochlorine "^.stici-des, and selected heavy retals vdll ^e race on some
sar.nles to deter^'ine L~ any \inus\aal coiidiTi^ns exist v:ithin the vatershed.
pcilo\v'~uo Sc'riples vill be tahon it sono, \jn-a?ual concentrations of th^
a hove listel eLe"*ie."ts ci' cor^vounds are detected
"'ethods to '-e er"'lowed are those siiecified iji the Environrp-ntal
Protection /."er.c*/ publication Methods for Cher.icril Pr'ab73is or" P'ater
and Wastes published in 1971 oF those in the pol!lCT-Vr/" section" or
this h'andbocik. Methods were chosen on the basis of th -c.e whffh a:"1
rroct suitable "ror the standpoints of r?orcisio"i, accur^ov, and
efficiencv for ti'e ranee of concentrations, exacted in the watershed
sampler;. All r.ethods were evaluated for nuita'xilit-" pric1 to adoption
in the laboratory,
The follovd.ro- are laborator^' nethod:> c'irrently in use at the !-.7ate>
Oxialit" Labcri'"or"7 in the Hirdue ITI! ;rsit*' ^c
(a) Total soil nir-.
-------
1. Place 200 m,q. soil samples (<1QO rnesn) into clean,
dry Folin-Wu digestion tubes,
2. Add 1.1 r. of K-ieldahl catlyst mixture (Kjeldahl
spatula).
3. Add 3 ml. of concentrated H?S04 and swirl to mix.
4. Place digestion tubes into aluminum block preheated
to 350°C. and place small rlass funnels in the mouth
of the tubes,
5. Heat samples at maximum settinr on hot plate for '-<
hours after digest clears.
6. Remove and cool.
7. Dilute to 50 ml. with deionized water and mix with a
vortex mixer.
8. Transfer an aliquot of diluted direst containing ^rom
0.2 to 0.5 mr. of " to a 100 ml. distillation flask
without side arm.
9. Add 15 ml. of 10N_ UaOH through funnel on distillation
apparatus.
10. Distill into a 50 ml. Prlenmeyer flask which contains
5 ml. of boric acid indicator till 30 ml. of distillate
(marked 35 ml. on the flask is collected).
11. Titrate the distillate with sulturic acid (standardized)
to a pale rrrev.
(If material containing <\2%N are analyzed, a soil sample
ecuivalent to 0.2 to 0.5 pur. N is digested. Samples with
low N are not diluted but are transferred quart it-vtivelv
to a distillation ^lask, usinp deionized water to rinse
the digestion tub".)
(b) Inorganic Nitrogen-Water
Ammonium:
1. Pipette a 25 ml. alinuot or filtered water in a 300 ml.
distillation ^lask with side arm.
2. Add 0.2 R. icmited !VO (»'crQ spatula).
3. Distill into a 5 ml. Erlenmever ^lask which contains
5 ml. 0+" boric acid indicator till 30 ml. of distillate
(narked 35 ml, on the *lask is collected).
-------
U. Titrate The distillate with standardised ^ul^uric acid
to a rvue ;rrey,
Nitrate_;
5. To the sample above nreviouslv treated '•.iith MrO add
0.2 -5. of Devardas Allov (D.A. r.patula).
6, Distill and titrate as before.
(25 r.l. deionized f.-;atcr '-ill he uf-ed a^, a blank).
(c) Total nitrogen - Water
1. Pipette /'O rrl . of filtered •.cater :nt"> a digestion
tube.
2. Add 200 nip. of reduced iinn and 0.3 r1!. (5 drops)
of concentrated sulfuric acid.
3. Evaporate the sar.ple (to rerove \;atep) in the oven
overnirht at 105°C.
4 . Per.ove ar d cool .
5. Add 3 r j . oc concentrated rulfuric acid and heat ,sarnple
to a rentle ^r,^ ] "ith the funnel" on for 15 pinutes
in t:ie aju^iniur h]^c> :n the hood.
10. Trrtr.,":"er la"1""!^ "ti"> di'^till^.tior. f]av \:Jfp.out side arm
11. Add L5 ml, ^r I'J *'A •!: ^hr^uhr f^mr-.;! on. distillation
T O
CO
-------
Unfiltered Water
Repeat fhr- above
(20 mi. •:/ d»-U":
(d) Inorpanic Nll-n -^
Anmoniur:
i:"".:rfc vrir.i v:r '. _ ^•''"•,-•>; v".:to, «
v\v•<;«•"•"' 'iJ 1 :-' ••,.!•-<*•: ;is /. plan}
1, irlar^'/er
4. 1/^t 'r-tand i pic;
5, Transfer a. .': f
distillatior; r;
6. Add 0,2 F. xpTrtc-j '""(:• ,
7. Distill into a 00 ;-j , Er3 ennev*-" •"• t'lasV whicli cc>ntains a
5 n],, of boric d.c:'d inaif-.-swr > \ i ] 30 nvl . of distillate
(marked 35 ml, ~r the- •Or-r;1') i-'- ':o"ilected,
8. Titrate the distillate with standardized sulphuric acid
to a pale prey.
Nitrate;
9. To the sample above previously treated with Mr{1,
0.2 p.. of Devardas Alloy (D.A. spatula),
10. Distill and titrate as before,
(20 ml. of 2N_ KCL will be used as a blank).
urr N/4=ppmN/p, soil
(e) Catalysts and Reapents
Devarda's Alloy;
1, Ball mill 1 Ib. of commercial rrade Devarda Alloy for
at least 18 hours,
fore than 90% should be <^300-mesh.
-------
] , Grinr! 100 r. of potassium sul^ate in •-< mortar and
peels'; tc a coarse powder.
r. cf conper sulfate in a mortar and pestle
'i> 1. and 2. in a mortar and pestle.
^. Adr" J f~. of ^elenium to 3. and mix with ^ mortar and
rer.tje till v:oll rixed.
5, neneat ab^ve until suonlv is sufficdent.
1. :i:-,solvR T-, r, of p-;re IIoBOo in ^out 700 ^1. of~ hot
••:atxi^, anu transfer tho ccotnd &Dlvition to a 1 liter
'v'o3url2t^ic'--rl-'isi- containing 200 ru. of etlianol and 20
•^1. of a r-'ixe^ indicator solution prorared by dissolvinr
0.330 r. of bromocre?ol n-^eer. and 0.165 r. of nethyl
per1 i~i 500 r.l. of othonol.
2. -"ter rixincr the contents of the flask, add approximately
0.05 '_!_ liaO,II C",ut30\aslv until a color chancre fron pink to
pule 'rrcen i? "iust detectable when 1 mj.. of the solution
is treated v;ith 1 rl. of ',:ater.
3. Then dilute the solution to vol'jne with i-'ater and nix it
thorourhl"'.
1. 'leat heav}' "n-0 in the electric muffle furnace at 600°
to 700° cor 2 hours.
2. Tool t^p product iust enough so that It "ill not crack
a desiccator.
3. fool to room tem-perature :Ln a desic:cator containing KOH
H. Stoi^e in 'VO bottle?-.
Standardization of Sulruric Acid for IC-'ieldahl Distillation:
? ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid to 18 !„ deionized.
'•rater in a carbov and mix thorourhl;/.
2. T'.ihe a O.U1 N TH/\!" standard, by weirhinp; accurately a
1 .12 HUp. of~TllA" and dissolvinr it in a one liter1 volumetric
c la si- • ' -ri t'11 d e ion i z ed v;at er.
-------
3. Pipette 5 ml. of 0.1 N THAM, into a 50 ml. Erlenmeyer
flask containinp 5 ml. of boric acid - indicator
solution.
4. Titrate to the endpoint using the micro burette with
the sulfuric acid to be standardized.
Normality of acid = (normality of THAW x (ml. of THAI
/ (ml. of acid).
UK of nitrogen/ml, of acid = (normality of acid) x
14,000.
8.4.1.2 Phosphorus
Phosphorus is measured through the use of a spectrophotometer w
is calibrated daily in the Purdue Laboratory utilizing the fol
calibration procedures:
25 ml. final volume:
(1) Add from 1 to 10 ml. of 2 ppm. phosphorus solution to
50 ml. digestion tubes.
(2) Add deionized water to 20 ml.
(3) Add 5 ml. of Murphy-Riley Ascorbic Acid solution.
(4) Mix with vortex mixer.
(5) Read absorbance after 10 minutes at 880 nm.
(6) Range:
ml. of 2 ppm P ppm of P in tube
1 ' 0.08
2 0.16
3 0.24
4 0.32
5 0.40
6 0.48
7 0.56
8 0.64
8 0.72
10 0.80
50 ml. final volume:
(1) Add from 2-20 ml of 2 ppm. phosphorus solution to 50
ml. digestion tubes.
(2) Add deionized water to 40 ml.
-------
(3) Add 10 ml. of Murphy-Riley/Ascorbic Acid solution.
(4) Mix with vortex mixer,
(5) Read absorbance after 10 minutes at 880 ran.
(6) Range:
ml. of 2 ppm P ppm. of F in tube
2 ^ ' 0.08
4 0.16
6 0.24
8 0.32
10 0.40
12 0.48
14 0.56
16 0.64
18 0.72'
20 0.80
(a) Soluble Water Phosphorus
1. Pipette 20 ml. of filtered water into a digestion tube.
2. Add 5 nl. of Murphy-Riley solution containing ascorbic
acid.
3. Mix with
-------
9, Bring to volume, rrix with a vortex mixer, r.nd read the
abscrbance at 380 nn a^ter about 10 "li^utes,
Unfiltered SarrDles_:
The procedure is the same for unfiltered samples with the exception
that digestion in the aluminum block in the perchloric acid hood
should continue for 30 rninutes rather than 15,
(c) Murphy-Riley Solutions
For 19 liters stock solution:
1. Add 555 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid to about 4000 ml.
of deionized water in a 32 liter carboy. Allow to cool
after swirling.
2. Dissolve 48 g, of anmonimum molybdate in about 1000 ml.
of deionized water.
3. Dissolve 1.097 g. of antimony potassium tartarate in about
1000 ml. of deionized water.
4. Transfer 2, and 3. to 1. Rinse beakers with deionized water
and dilute to 10 liters in the carboy.
Ascorbic-Acid ^Solution:
1. Mix daily as needed.
2. Add 4.22 g. ascorbic acid to 1 liter of Murohy-Riley Stock
Solution and mix.
3. Clean tubing and jar daily when in use,
4.1.3 Organic Carbon
Organic carbon in filtered and unfiltered samples is determined by a
Dohrman Envirorotech DC-50. Organic Carbon Analyzer in accordance with
the instruction manual furnished with the instrument. Specifically an
acidified 30 ue water sample is injected into a boat containing MnC>2.
The boat is moved to a 90° vaporization zone where water, carbonates,
and volatile organic compounds are removed. Volatile organics are
trapped on a porapak chromatographic column and subsequently back-
flushed from the column and estimated as methane -C after reductive
pyroloysis.
The boat is then moved to the pyrolysis zone (950°C) where residual
organic C is pyrolyzed under reducing conditions and methane is liberated.
Methane is determined by a flame ionization detector and the C con-
centration in the sample is calculated by integration of the methane
release peak and the C content is displayed in digital form. The
instrument has a range of 0-2000 ppm organic C and a precision of
-------
-v ., or + ?% whichever is preater,
Fractionatiori of M and ;• :'r> IlerailedLaborarorv Studies
An iinrortant part of tie vcrK plan for tnis project Is directed at
chemical fractions tioi, of H and P components in sediment-water systems
and elucidation of relationships between the ^orms of these nutrients.
This phase o: the study '.nil alia.? interpretations to be made based
on iionitorinp data.
It is wider-' "T.a\r. that alpae and non-rooted acuatic -.-reeds derive
their nutrients from those present in a dissolved state in the water
in which The plants are grcwinr. If there were not sources for re-
plenishner.t of dissolved II or P the plants would utilize all that
was present and their rro\rth rate would become zero. In most aquatic
systems, however, suspended or floculcted sediment (eroded soil
particles) is present to release nutrients to the water phase. Thus,
an equilibrium normally exists between soluble nutrients and those
associated with the sediment phase, EurLnr nutrient depletion of the
water phase, !I and P are liberated from sediment, whereas the sediment
may serve as a ;IiJ-' fr-r nutrients durinp nutrient enrichment of
water. Ilutrierits r-ia'- be incorporated into seiiments by absorptions,
electrostatic attraction, precipitation, or Molofdcal immobilization.
If we are to detcrrire tlie impact of arrrlcuitural erosion, svsbsurface
dra:Lna,ee, and runoff water upon water quality, it is not enoupji to
measure total nutrient loads derived from arriculture<> V/e must know
the forrrr? of nutrients transported, the relationships between forms
of nutrients (equilibria) artC the availability of various nutrient
forms tc aquatic li^e. This studv, then"1 fore, attempts to collect
soiTjti of the information for the soils cf the Black Creek VJatershed
realizing that a lar^e number of soil, land ;r«.--j.:ifi,^;:.^nHt , and hydrolopic
factors ultimately contrcl nutrient transport and subsequent reactions
in apricultural watcrshecs,
The outline in Figure b-b sets forth the proceed'.res to be followed to
accomplish study objectives. Samples of runoff from rainulator plots
have, been collected, frozen and stored. These samples represent
fertilized and unfertilised plots of our1 soil types representative
of soils in the watershed. The runoff samples were taken at varying
times during the course of two, 2-1/2 Inch rainstorms applied to each
plot, ^unoff samples will be thaweri at rcon temperature and subjected
to chemical and piiysical fractionation ac.coi'xlinr to the scheme
outlined in Tirure 8-U,
The data obtained ^rom the analyses outlined in fiFure 8-4 will be
utilized in two wavr-. rirst, an attempt will be made to relate total
nutrient transport in the various forms to soil and fertility factors
present at each experimental site. Secondlv, correlation techniques
will be used to establish, relationships between the parameters measured
for each soil •nroe and for all soils considered tcrether. After the
relationships are established for surface runoff, samples of water will
-------
be collected within the LJ.,;J'.;.< Ci^ex Watcrsh^..1 trd irw. " >•- Nt-xuinee
River to determine if similar' nutr:'.e;-:i. equ:V, \brla be'.we' •> r>x.;jment and
water exist. Of particular interest wi-'n -heee j/.ter Scunpies is
determination of the equilibrium phosphorus concentratzo,-. (EPC).
The EPC is determined by equilibrating the sediment with phosphorus
solutions of varying concentrations arid calculating the levej of
solution P at which neither sorption of added P or desorption of
sediment P occurs. The KPT is an important parameter of sediments
because it can be use'I to predict sorption or release cf P when
sediment comes in contact with water of varying P levels..
The availability of nutrients in sediment water systems to algae
will be evaluated by a bio-assay technique in which a two-ccmpartjnent
growth chamber having a semi-permeable memberane between compartments
is used. First the diffusion rate of nutrients in the system will
be determined by placing sediment water1 in one compartment and pure
water in the other and measuring the change in nutrient content of
the pure water with time. Secondly, a seed solution of algae cells
will be added to pure water side of the growth chamber <»nd growth
rates measured by increase in cell mass or chlorophyll content.
Growth of algae in standard nutrient solutions will be used as a
measure of the ability of the sediment water system to supply
nutrients to algae assuming that diffusion of nutrients across the
semi-permeable membrane is not a limiting factor. By appropriate
chemical determinations, the rates of algae growth and nutrient
uptake can be measured and equations developed to predict the rates
of nutrient supply by the sediment phase based upon sediment
properties and nutrient diffusion rates.
Rainfall Simulator Tests
The procedures for conducting simulated rain tests are essentially
as follows:
Plot size — Equipment is assembled over groups of four plots. Two
plots are 12' x 35' separated by a 6' border. The other1 two plots
are each 6' x 35' separated by a 1' border. The group of four plots
occupy an area approximately 50' x 60'. This allows room for in-
stalling runoff measuring equipment at the base of the plots and
anchor cables to hold the equipment in place.
Plot arrangements —• Plots are laid out so that slope direction is
alligned with plot length. In ail cases tillage and rev directions
are up and down the ma-'icr slope-.
Water supply — A clean (free of sediment and. nutrient;".) source of
water is necessary. A portable tank with water liaulec to the site
is the most frequently used water supply.
Land preparation — A variety of cultural practices an
-------
Fer T:.:_.i ,'A: '. '"n
oh.-yhxate a:.~ '.
;'orrv of NHt.h;0 , and treble su:>e
-r or tN'; surfers,
for rune "1", r-ediment and
'>!";:\.; plot: a> t to Lc ;/ric;.x~i-\id r^' tur:: ,-lavin^ a:id then
ells'- l;~r t'.j .seep veed f'r^e, Tests are to bo. conducted en fou
!~-ver •;.:-, r>iM_l ivy classes r.f soils that .:;r^ount for nor*1 thari
Test stor;;i- — Thu >-"'. la-rui-.- test sc-'uencc is nppj led to all locations.
The two I/' x '•!'>' ",?-O":s receiv--'. the ('"ollowin?: ; es- storms:
- "" rir.ute c'ujvi^lor 2^ hours .^^ter '--toiT-; la at
/-.!/!' irciiej pc;r bour.
(c) Sterra 3a - 3" riinutes durati-'T: ?i 5 r^inat1 r> a'"~ter the end of
; durat:'pn lo minut":.? after bhe end of
-,:--,»-.- 3- -;t S ir,cr.er ^"^r1
The 6' x C'b* I"; lots are teste:: h*^r
(a) Stdn" hb - apvjrx^xiraTRly H5 -"inutes of I'^lr., t]\en rain stepped
ar.c i.nf>-*.- ad-Jp.c' -jp.til the rurof-f roaolied t'T- level attained
"j.The'v'i' ' '^ b* a Lor e ".T'\<"^ ^r-rvh
hour plus inflow
(c) Stor^-i 3) - ~'~< "Lbiutes t.-ta? dijrat-ion r7if:\ fir;;t io rdnutes
up:'n s:i)M'lei"' JT
-------
earlier w'.ll be followed. Cultural practice? te?-te:j V
vi) ra". _, plowing
(iij vir.ter cover
(iii) severe1 forms of conservation till ant-
Civ) crop rotations
(v^ residue management
(vi) over p:ra sir.?; of pasture
(vi:') an: rid 1 waste disposal on crop -uid pa vrur«- .-v.
Additional informatics. »bout the use of the Purdue "\ai::a'.^t.;;<
fall simulated ', ~ ~-^r-r. in /-ppandix 9S7 to
H,6 Tillage Hanagcrrien,t Demonstration .Areas
In order to ti.A,cx;u:*a-e "ariocwners ir. the Black Oree* Waters vr:. tc
gain experience wit}, Tii.i-age managment systems will, vrfch r'.-y r-,rt:
not familiar., s stTlp rest system of comparisons w: .. rr c' -;•, --lee,
All important soiln > * the watershec- wij; ha ir.alu•'.-•; '',;,; :'"•"
exception of overria-,- tKMTerrJssidt,
Soil manipulation :.r. fillA^o generally reau;::e& soi . ^c.^,r>ij.i.t :-i;-:c. a?,.,:
strength to r-esist impact of raindrops. It er.cour".ges faster t-:..x\e
of granules, filling o:c surface soil pores, and redaction o1" ^v-ier
intake leaddjig to conditions where soil erosion can increase e '.ttetts
are conditioned bv the amount of tillage performec:.
Much is known about the effects of heavy tillage, planting, and cul-
tivating equipment on reduction ot granule size, compaction of SUD-
surface layers, and reduction of crop rooting. These can produce
delayed downward percolation of water, slow soil drainage, and de-
creased trafficability that delay planting in wet spring periods,
Much is also known about the effects of soil texture and organic
matter in helping soils resist bad effects of heavy tillage and in
promoting structural recuperation during the off-crop season.
In Black Creek Watershed, there are soils of a wide range of texturesf
organic matter content, and natural soil drainage. These range from
low organic matter, rather unstable, loamy sands and sandy loams to
high organic matter, silty clay loams and silty clays of high stability.
This suggests desirability of adopting a wide range of tillage planting
systems which can assure good plant populations, adequate weed control
and satisfactory yield in various soils.
Based on long term Purdue research and field trials (see appendix
9.8), as well as work in neighboring states( aceptable systems to fit
given soils can be based on Mold Board Plowing Spring or Fall, Chisel
Plowing Spring or Fall. Till planting with sweeps eliminating the
need for yearly planting, and narrow strip tillage in a mulch such as
coulter planting, which can also eliminate needs for yearly plowing. While
-------
••''Id: oar-d p.kowli -• has the widest adaptation* tho r.v.er viWe s-/sbcms
..an be i darned J " ^hcio'1? are carefuli'/ mde to suit soil -sod cropping
b<;-'iy rs 'dios in Lilach Cree*. batersbed sh;-1'7 that r;rkdbOcird plowing is
be 'orb-an: land reparation followed bv ouffic "e^t discing or
'v.rr'ov: r,~ TO '-dKe a rather fine seedbed, This is usually called
:on vendor^ .. t.b! b-:-~e, -\t the same ti"« such rretb.ods t;re usually the
-,_-.». -...1....^ „ • i;I>:r;ry consuironn, aisd do the ir«_;st ~o reduce rrraraile
so .r md sur1
V,e of sirvaldted rainfali has repeatedly &hrwn tdiat f;n sloping lar.d
t"& threery:;tev: not based on a rerular u'.'e of d TTCMdlx>ard plow are
rost profc-:ivr' apainsr erosion, Coulter-plant lillatre in a r.ulch
r.r:\ reduce «;?"'jsion by 3u-90 per-^ent and tillplarn c.i:i r«;duco it
•.••C~70 Of?rcent -rpecialiy if used cross-slept;. Chisel plow systems
:ffer ^^eal advar,.".:ar.es ir. reciuciiip plovj sole coPTT.nctioii and inducinp
early srTi.nr r.cil drainage. For Fall basic tiliare trie chisel ploi-;
:iTovicr>s 3 c-l-n-k'^ , trar-hy surface which offers food protection against
w: nd and ,-:ai'cr ev<\,i-"i h-'-je^ in vulnerable early s^Tinjr periods.
Double disc in f " o<- rrritriai"'y tillare. leaves a tr?shy surface cover and
^.ay be ddecu'-r_'i land preparation in sone soils while still reducing
e^Dsive tendencies (see Appendix for Black CreeV Specifioatior.3 U75,
for "rininuri Til]a-~e.rt),
Since need for ti lla^e is the one corrsron denoriincstor in hand rrangement
(7c>r- cropland, .nri-.' systerns offering soil physical improvement as well
as savinrs in iab>or and time are worth strong consideration. When
Adopted r«eula:rly th.ev can become very important tools in erosion
prevention and cc.n be applied either with or withcut the use of other
^rcsion corit'rol DractLces rvai\y of whicli are difficult to use in
today'-- l^rr? equipment, row crop FarmLnp'. '•"•radual adoption of
liiiiited or minLmuiT' tillage practices could effect an overall erosion
iction in the w/ute^shed or considerable magnitude.,
Tor these r€"'a3onr nuch er.phasis will be placed cr> helpinr, farmers
studv reduced tillage systems by use of field strap demonstrations
ooEiparir>f ac!ap~e'' svsterrs to conventional ones side by side. These
will hopeful:.'/ lead to, expansion of best adapted systems to a field
basis. At the =sme tine, use of simulated rainfall will be employed
on plots over a wide ranre of soil textures on which tillage variables
are eirployec in preparation of the plots. These will substantiate,
:or Black Precik Watershed soils, what improve!nor.ts in surface soil
"tabili'r/5 inflbtration, water intake rate and erosion prevention can
be achieved by reducinr tillare operations, Tlii-; will allow extra-
;.elation o* rest!Irs to similar soils of the >!aumf:e basin as a whole.
-opalation abundance -and specie?; composition cc fish is bein,r studied
iu six soeeibied area" in the Black Creek '.7atershed. AJ.thoujr]"; fish
-------
populations vr'11 br surveyor ; -s'v
electo-fishinr, mor t (."-- >•-r T sraii-^- da^ ,-• •:."'" :o c.;
rotenone. One ^iss sanrJe v • .''C chaired vif rot^rxru'1 ':•
study area annually. AT thour "altiplo station-/ sf;ouJ>'. .">e c-
on each tributar*-', !ri order " ontain nore accurate ] Lst.s o'
fish species present arid tc >-trer estinate rhe avera-1^ ;x\:\..
abundance, the small an1-'; v,ila""!c rahes such -'ction c.:•,',<"
The ''sirst requirement considered in the site selection : rv.vr-
easy access to the sample si v, THUS, al] station? d.rc -c-c-
selected the speo^ ric sample s t ••; is chosen to
fish habitat fov' 'is-it area. 'r> example, a1 le,s: or." _-<\\
riffle area are included in >">'X's' station, '"Vrid^t-: arc ;r t
typical fish hah: tat and are excluded rror ,->ver"> station.
Prior to treatment, each sar" }< site -'s measured anJ b >cs h
installed. Sample sites are '";v?avf-. 300 reet loss-. rd:rf>-" '••
and average depth are neasuvf ' every Ff) "ect to ietom'riC \.v
volume in the 310 foot secti- :,. In addition, a crude rv. hclc] sn pi
anchored ti^htlv to the Ixrttor b-' steel fence ]is.sts. f'tart '
upstrear; net, '* ppr bv voluinc ci'alsi^^cd rx^tenone is aypl 'r
broadcasting tvie white licul, •'?', r a ss^il. "rocedinr (\-i:nr[ -- jr.,
a special effort :'s nade to t r'-c r -"ui^t ^ac^'-.'at'-^s, nus^.^at ' ""'--,
and other parts cf the "tix-a" '.'.'it tl>" isiin ,slu-- of jxxi.son ,'c. irs
to bvnass. As the rotenone , , M \achr- the lown' t j'eain net, . ass.'stant
her ins detoxification with 8 • ST ;<-'tas:iiuTn p^mvirioaiiatc . T
procedure and th.esc concent rat 'ons '-;(^o '^if-er4-. ; I1' th'1 b:'-.
of Fish and Wildlife, India:>' ' 'fs.aT-t r^'nt or \ ITU;
Boh- *'oberts,on, ]b strict 1"i'c-'* '" M ireri-':!.t ;^:'o -•<-•' •
Fis-ri are collects;' s'ith '".and nets >' the1/ ; S)crt
collection passes a>X2 also :;.' •
un fish frc^r" the bottor1 and •* .<•
until no nore f [r~]\ are ^ound, •'.n eh •.I'uall" vv<\
hours per station. The f^b :'*'• rr'e^\-rved '"!'>; i
fomalin ar.ci then transported " ,•'•« '.- t; "'• 1 i-'or
for eac'h sarr'l^ :-'tf" arc ; •"" ' - r'a>'Mtf 'b^v ' '•
sites.
The fish are; hole,1 'n i ;i joret'nt rorr':a.'in fci" -;rtr
then v:as]ipd in tap water' and : 'oi-e.d in 7n ;*'>recj
Fish fror- each. sard If? site .--••' s-,'para'cc1 hv :r>s,
Total weight ^o^ ^} -Jr.d brYu-i.d of e-ic:h specif
the nearest '-T'.r -r a d~'<-t^t • "'Vie rsanu^ac'tur-••' ' "r I'-'cssv
Evanstr-n, TlldK-! . Tiie ;v-- 'W ^r-^r-,; ^or ^,C'. ;,•;','
determine.; ""••' •'-', ' re- t .^ b L. weight of a s^cJ^s bv tlic
-------
~UC1Y
"u '"'oi"? of t;r ':""'
T^jc n, "hesr-r ,•'a: ;ft/
•O..' :* ..d f~:>r its
•t'inr '-"t'^'.y' -•.-«/.•=;-
-------
Ths channel r. .'abil-'. •.* «>,. :..?
riea-;ure:r>entr- «-;-''s_p -"'.-inc. v
possJ-ble eod- c:r---,-•>•-'-*
riven set of ^•"-.•.'••T ' :>:•*
ducted«
The streamban1 studae-n err'
treatment rnear",:rr:r; ~v: .-r^ ."
indorsation to TV-'1- •_• ^
funus"; some ust-ri;.- '-,-•':"• •
affects '--ms', on v- '. -*•.!••••
L-/« channel
IJOUivj
•• rr.ient
Modeline
The mechanisn1 wlier'e^ / Jt : ;>-
and related chemical pol.' u" i" "•
can be related *'-• Jan.d '.iq^ v
simulated models of ^edjjrK.^.'.c
the river and the ;<^ki-,
A review of literature revea):.
diction of sediment vie Id frr*;1
caches t<
of these
*• pr-e-
• •• r,acnc-G
is beinR applied to the RlarJ iJr^ek Watershed, Fandamental.!' , all
of these models are of the lumped variery and no accountinp ^c-> nvicie
of special distributions v.'ithiii a watershed. ';'he succesr of tr-ose
models has been varied arid depends to a jrreat deal on the carv
with which model coefficients have been selected. Most of thr->,p
have little relationship to physical constants. For this rea'-c-u
the a1rter.pt will be to develop a distributed model.
As the size of a watershed increases, inore and more of the variables
will be lumped into larger, less descriptive variable. This Is
necessary because the model, even if computer-based, tends to become
unwiedly. Perhaps more important, the detail, if confined tc small
areas will be essentially lost anyway, This is why it ic important
to model both the Black Creek Watershed, a representative watershed
within the Maumee Basin, and the Maumee Basin for' which answer-:, are
ultimately needed.
As of now, the statistically based Universal Soil Loss Ecuat'u-x', j^;
the best estimator of soil loss from small areas and should also
be the best estimator of the maximum sediment potential into receiv-
ing streams and lakes. Other1 obviously needed information ar>r esti-
mates of sediment discharges at any point in the receiving Wciler r-ystem.
Hopefully, the long term USGS and Corps of Lnpineers records at
various locations along the Maumee River and at the Toledo harbor will
be sufficient data for the Maumee River Basin, if not, verification
of the nodel cannot: be fully attained since the collection of
additional sediment rate data outside of the Black Creek Watt:: :ied
region is not within the pcopf of this project * However, W: ••.'•:>
the Black Creel; 'watershed and cst a few select locations on rh • "'aumee
River near' the target watershed, sedianent sampling is a .T^ioj ',':cr.\
in the total momtor'inp prcipram. Verification of any model inr ~>r,
the Black Creek Watershed wili be cf necessity ava Lt the rrr«rd \ • — • nr
-------
cat.
^orripute1" ;"-
. ' 1 ~> -7 v -
:c^T-f' -\\"-: -.,-
-------
:.ll Sociological Studier
The nrirrarv focuc, o*~ the 'hirst sociological stue?' ro ;< ;:, ,
as a portion of tlun r,rc-'icot is to loot at the hehavioi •' .:<
of sediVerh control in v r r bar. in. To accejplish 4i::is ask,
:interv'e,.'"5 '-rll l^e con ' ,ol.->d ir^th all laridowner-s (< 'Vvir ! .••
the vja
(o) '~c ir.\'oi".tiRate 1 r..'o'-no'' :nvol\'orc'i^ arici cont-ji
ns, a:;' - f'r.r.c'fs in +'ic? -,f;udy aiea.
To acoor'p]"' "1 fho.so o' Active:;, -i reseda re: histrip^ojit of ' :• ' cv'i sh a
questionnaire-'!' ^t-^'nr -^-'r^o'-ef^ ror ee] lee'* ^IH" ..--'. -f.. .• '< i-;r]f- n-ierr .
/ i.'rief de^cr.-'rtion rir •••<.- , r=oot'.on o" the -.ueGticrjia h e :!
;iern : •; • i , '' - ~h r.a • !..- .- - : iorj. Ihe ques tionnairt ' , c"
to .' tir
-------
v rr: ' rr: -.1*- ,-.-v ^r,: 'r •
-------
[run: 8-1 Analv^is Flov Clvirts for Sub-Surface DraJnarc. .-aid
rnecirdtat:cn Samples
-Y WATER;
IfeirVt
NO 3 - -
O.rr C
Total ;i
Total !'
[PRECIPITATION
!_spLire]—
VJeipht
NIIii + - N
N03 - - N
Total N
F04 -3 - P
SOM -2 -S
r>H
-------
! Centri^u^at ion
Total N
Total ;:
-------
FIHITE 8-3 Fractionation Scheme for M and P in Detailed
Laboratorv Studies
RUNOFF SA;TLE
FILTER DEFINED
OUA'JTITY TIUWJI
0.45 u "ILLIPOPE
FILTF?
FILTRATE
01J SEPARATE
ALIOUOTS DETEP' 'I: IE
Total II
+ -::
NO - -II
Total P
Orthophosphate -I'
Soluble Ore- C.
Dissolved Solids
OBTAIN PEPCHfT
susrni?ED SOLIDS
Ul in LTIT.E
Votal II
"•otal P
'-'otal Orr C
thcne cjata the
. Soluble :ni
parar^eters
L>e obtained
2. Fxchan^ealue IHIn + -II on sedinent
3» Dissolved Organic P
ll« Sedircnt Total It (suspended '!)
5« SoluP.le ?;0g -;;
6« Sol\jl>le orthopnosphate -P
7" Soluble organic ?
8" Sedinent Total F (suspended P)
9- Dilute acid-soluble P in sedirrent
0- Folssolvec' organic C
1 • us^encted orcfar.io 0
12,
13. Supoended Solids
14. Dissolved Solids
-------
I. f.. W>
COUNTY SOIL Alib *><
^'.•t",,-,r."..- • .
"(.' it1
HOT i, no.iyKRV.ATi or; sKT'Trn
ET' STATE!"".
.v.j :• or A;?,rTl?ir.TTr-'"
relative to: Feduelio;, of
i ver
A'lt'ro. ity: PT-U6 - ?H;< Ct
"11TH AGF!EENTE;iT, nadt and ^
afc.'', wri.-" ~«. 1 t.t » •! I o] "! . -
ake T>ie
;,, if, U.H.r, (-790 a~r)
r-td iat-f, ihi.-. _;_' ^^ :^
107 _2 , by arsd between the A3.If-' Co «iiy Sir!1, «ind W&;.<•'• f- s>
{'peri". In after referred !o as *-h'-' ''Oi^ trif' "/ «nd "ll/^ loii'v^'l ?
aotvi,3 oy an.C througli the S« i 1 Con'-.^rvr. * io r'..r--'f r-e ' a,-- the "."
iPiTFTC^' is engage'' :n a five-y^hr •jrr.^r^: \^ evf.Iun « iret^n-tlp »f
water quality in the Maxunee River PIS\ 7,!u>e Trie (/).•-• sf> +>'f r"'M/fti MS
sedfment, phosphate and other nutrients, *-nr — -later! pr>l 3 >r Br;t'- *»Ro t^: o'" control
the land which is a source of this pollution.
THE DISTRICT, for planning and program proposes, request. certHin sc1.' 1
and water conservation technics! assistance and information th'-t i^ presently
unavailable and, within the limits of its rer-ources , is willing !• reimburse
tlie Service for » portion of the costs of obtaining r-uch information re'H'ircd
in the conduct of the program within the period specified in this ngveement.
The District is financing this program from ar> EPA Grant end is working in
cooperation with EPA, the Service and Purdue University.
THE nKPVTCE, in the conduct of its assigi^ed responsibi li* i *»s imdpj-
legi :;l.H.U ve autliori tie& and tl'rougli Memoranda of Hnderst.andi rtr, with the
District, is charged with providing teobrn cnl ar:si stance leading to the
'•onj-ervnf ion of soi3, water nnd related resources in Allen County, Indian*.
15 IE SERVICE has need for technical i ri format > on to dev«3o]' a WorV Plan
and to properly furriish technical assistance over the five-yenr project life.
TJjese nweds are in addition to those normally encountered in providing technical
service^; to U>e District and require additional Htaff resources,
THE PIRTPICT AND THE SERVICE desire to cooperate on a proposal to reduce
ediment and Related Pollutants in the Maumee River and Lake Brie.
-------
i.'"--\ T'l'^^f "" r^ , :";;r and Jn .^ufsj dert. 1 1 or; rf ^he jTi^noes and nu. (•;•:>]
-"•!•: s I'^rcf.i > 00:." c i rf'O , i",h^ pprties i;er-eby n
-.er -s
•'.-5 ji.b.l^r vrop'irty MHO! :.s U> be used ir. deve io^in^ arid jr.r.:.'!»-
.••-ji'.L^" H '>''.•'•<'•?, : 'an for the Reduction of 3euin.e;:t. an<"i IVTate-J
p?li.] i.^i^s : i! thr> ".''.irie.-. River nnt' I-sJse Erie,
21. To re:'"bxrse the "ervice ^cr « rortior. o*' the costs iuciirre-i ij;
Develop Lr,g ctr^i i irp"i.fs o^
relar; fs, ^r^Vf.l, al'ied benefits :-.-:':h as leave, holidays,
re)'re'"^rt, hea3ir b-nefits, jife inyvav-jnce, ftrd suppf-n. ui;4
overlies.: cos'fs. r'ojpjort costs (-re tc> include cartogrf.phii1
service!, provicl>->i KS needed, in Work ria;i p rept.ration.
3. Reimburse the Service- in an estimate6 tunouru of $lS^,?olt.OC for
the Eistrict's share nf the Service's contrl iiuM or. it. t.'rl:'
co-'-persti ve effort, T"«ie District'? stiare "will lift o.^sed en th^
estizr.aled actual cos!, of k.?. and with!:; the ii^e-jeHr ot-ueuijlc
sh'Tivn in the followlnr; table and aa set. forth If the DJstrii't't
Propcse-'i Plan whici i ^ attached to and mads a rurt of ^!'-i:;.
ag i*e»'T!T!r't.
-------
FROM
TO
r VTA i.
'73 nen
GS-6 or Above
Mali-Years
Es t . Cos t
0.0
0
o.o
0
o.r>
'; 7,768
0.8
r* - '" i-~\ T /• i
•i -i j , 9 1 0
,'
j .('
Total Fsiimate
$20,000 630,500
. Tiint the signature of the author! L^I rej;rec"rM u i •/' ca' the
District, on thi;. agreement is i.>ff,' i-i H! i.oti'je '^r the Service
to begin vork .
5. To provide the f.ervice witli 50 cojo'eL of '?••,
50 co^iep of all printed fjnal resujtf • > fl . :
\-- i: and
6. That technical a.ss I stance furnished to lar.dowrier - i-n i operalort
will meet the technical guide standards arid ?':>••• tr:: critc-r'a of
the Hervi ce .
1. To provide the necessary technical servicf'H xr
assistance normally needed to produce the res
rori.ii in the District's project proposal whic;
and piade a part of this n.^reenw
the anotint.-i to ne reimbursed i he .''-. r\n •••«• s;<, •)••
•• -..': -s i i e te eh n i c al
desired as set
?. To absorb fn>n iis o^n, RJIT r.ipri Hti ons any vt/r't , >_" <•'' t;,f
ertimatea COR Ls of providing these service'. ,v; "ovfrecl by
o above.
-------
r •' • •'«? '-lie Distri H wli.li a nv'ticnly \ ;--.rT'j-''. ::>-> •-""-';»" '-*-.
v'i";l be cor.F I ? ten', ^•'i't1' v], .. ', ' ca" .^
i , f i, r'L' " "';" "'•
rj"i
. =' ri.• r.
-------
renewals - "'•,;> '.; ••tr-rn-iut •. i 31 >:''vi., • M foi"fv ji-i < ' -;
corpplef.f Lu;. ;; •' lat-j>- thai, the -.T'li of '.}.•• risf^l yea?
thfe WOrk is iTrn;.MH'«•! .
"•I-jui "ii.'Mi'.ioi! - ."fii:-. n^^et'T";' TW\V be mo'Ii fieii Ly MTle'!i L
the •••Tope, c.f tin: f> •">••«! > y^r in vlii ch * .te v^ i> i, s-r.v
- r,l« MeniLf-r of or ."Se'1»-j^!,e l.'< •'.
lik^-^I o" -• a»-y ^•^••'•efit that. :Miy ;-r5se ',.i.«L->'"-
but this pro\ J si.'.! .''i^ll '.,•'! bf; '• uus trw-1 *-•• px'^iif' !i '
'-•-ess
T art
wirJJEr.fi VHIhRHOF, l-'.ie Dibtrict Hr..i t^e Ter
of the date fiist above-Britten.
t!.r^ COUNTY
v;Jl AiiD WATT.R CONSERVATION PIoTPTCT
""ne signing of this A^reemei.t war,
a>»thor5zed at s "-'eetiri^ »f i^-f
Hupsrvisors held at v y/-'. / '?,;, , ,* , ,',
•^ , -NlrfriW-'II *M-<^ll( t-^l il/ ' jV^— ' ~- '
na, on the %_ day of
'
L . L
ED STATl'S L-iTAF'TMliJT OF AGP.TCUT.TURK
m ^ONSEP.VATTOIJ SURV^CP
Htate Consfcrvfti
November 'n, 197?
-------
"i'ls t.-cr.;>, :o;d. . s entered into this 7t_v day of _Jamiarv_
'.^i'i, ">'JNTY SOIT. AND
VA'V;'? CCA3ARV-TION DISTRICT of Fort VJayr.o, Indian,:, (hereiriaftc-/
r--.:it ri-r 1 !;0 -:;?, The oi;-'tj:ict) , and PURr'UE ^'JSIiZ1.RCli JR^uNDA'iATO:
-------
2. The we r-; so--yi./ - " e , -\-. - -
direction <.> i -\i , >. ;,;•. ',, -, , .
a , Asr, i 5-. 1 i ii ! \ :. '!'•<;, . i ' t
the Maincee <; •:
b. As£, i .• t -i •. > . ' •'. : i;; >.- i; i
Count y : >-;; •.. ' '.i i i • •:: o i '<-.;:• {',-•., ',.,-
C . Se U d s i f . • ;r )" i t ->r [ .•; ..,• <;'/<<' - 1 « ;,d { reatr
on rjosiri;: : '• ;<^t ,'cH CJ'.1 hen; -;!i(i A! ici, >. • ^n;ty. Dcve!
planr, and ^l'-i ;' '! -i -'i( -" J o.r .i n; - j v • i
cern Jnq the J i ' tH/s t ov.'-ij u!5; ^ < d:i;ac'
3. The tot.al cost of i : n. seivJee., i- be porf ui ••,•. u b\ the Four
shall not exceed ' , fv>() oi vi id 'I'hc Di.-t; •, t ,,h«l 1 pj ov
$11,044 or 44.8/> '• ihi iota) pi. vet cos I ,,;;<; the hound.
agrees to contr.il/ fe j r.>n non- ir
55.2% of the toK.i :jtc^](. et c-oi,l, ^> 'ic-hovc} Jess., to ruee
the cost. Bhc.iri nn •••'. ;i"..'ent?, M .:n. d ^j-am
4. Reimburj-.ement oJ ., '
ment will be HUKK .. •.•?"•;" Is- b-. 'i1;,.. Jii^t;
VOUChei ^; .' roili I h-, .iiv-'.;; ! ; >n '!'':•. %'OU( h
ite'iru x.at J (>n of < > -in-a' i ed i -," ra,ni- In,
amount of rion- l'\ d. t .1 m^ics oni . 'huir;-
vices by the four ' >', i.a::, C'u}; • e:-; '' voi,(•(•.. , ,; uj J d ;jc Ic
wardeed to James h i ,ikc, hxt t i. i \-< Pat,, ,1-. •. < •, .-:, 20.10
Inwood Drive, I-'oj ( Vva\ne, ijj.-i .m. .'(fi80',.
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Livestock Exclusion (Acres)
C~"f3rv~tion Cronpinp Svster: (Acres) ?/
Cor.t<".i i1" Friminp (/'cres) ~"
Critical Area Plant inr (Acres) ju
"Vilchinr, C/cres) IIP
C^cp Pesidue V:?narersent (Acres) ?i*!
diversion (Feet) ^c
F-,rrnE;tead F, Fcedlot 'WindbreaVs (Acres) °?
Fielc: Border (Feet) ?ur
rield V.'indhreaks (Feet) 3n
'."-r~sdr Stabilization StructurG (Nvrfcer) -:
brassed V.'atenvav or Outlet (Acres) ^2
Uoldrlnr Ponds £ Tanks (Number) U?
Livestock Waterinp Facility (Munber) F1U
Minirrur Tillare u^'a
Pasture & Hayland f'anarejnent (Acres) 5" n
Pasture & Hayland Planting (Acre?) 512
Pond (Nurber) 3"P
Land Protected Diirinp rtevelopy^rrt (Murber fc- Acre5?) f.-?
Recrraticn ^rea Improver.ent (Acrc^) 5^2
Sedir^ert Control Basin (I-Iurfber) 3bO
Stre,;r. C1 ,-jnr.el Stabilization ^^u
Stre;3r^ban] P^^otection (Fest) '"• "'•'-•
StripcroppinfT, Contour (Acres) -T-^b
Terraces, '"radient (Feet)
Terraces, Parallel (Feet)
TilT Drains (r'eet)
Tree P'lantirip- (Acres) c]?
V'ildli^e V'etland Habit-it Manapement (Acres) t -l*
Ui'ldlife Mp]and Habitat Mana Cement (Acrf-s) r.'!-'-5
Toodland Inprx?,ved Harvesting (Acres) P?^
V/c.od Lar.d Inprcveirent (Acres) f-^C-
' I'K :>'". 1 a:;d Pruninr (Acres) P*'-n
-------
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?. r^r-Vr b.' -"4;- v .r •
.- in
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conl^o] 1
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:.';H:k Cree.-. 3tu-;y Ar- • ^
-: '-
Alien Co, './(CJ
r>. infei.s^vc- row cror.plnr rray be r:l rained when:
i. '7Vo '-oils arc level to r .early level ;uui erovicn is not a
w-'bi^n, or1 on slopir.r land, cuosion control Is planned us
ir-1- -.area ar-aer Item 2 of these specifications.
b. Trie :iol.L- hr--{? eoc-d ^tmct-.a^, with ,ri^e,qu.it;c ciraiixip^ io:
i f e y i e • i a ie vc I ol aru-io>ci .
c. .V'iilful rm."iariiTe,rit; is used in apr-ly : rv; cultural arid raivage -
!,.vr.t -'tt.TG, This includes fertiii zation, rni nirnuri tillage
<"e.
Except: V/heit; th -ts or rro:\2 yearns oi prasset; and lepairttis ir; otation are
a_ee_dea and p:anr:s-:.i, initial estaDlishment of trie seedinps will be cost
shaped on the basis of practice 512, pasture ana havlana planting.
rr.icticx wi^i :;e diiriLlc- for payrrjnt after the e:-rt\j3lishr:icnt ct ttio
cr- p ir. tne rir-st vear of the rotation.
-------
330-i
Black Cr.k '-tuJy Area
S tandan is and B no c J f i cu t i 01 is
Aller, ',;=, ';WO>
330 CONTOUR FARMING (Acres)
Definition
Farming slopine cultivated land in such a way that plowing, preparing
and planting, and cultivating are done on the contour. (This includes
following established grades of terraces, diversions, or contour strins.)
Purpose
To reduce soil and water losses, and .rid in the maintenance of otner
practices.
Where Applicable
On sloping cropland where other practices in the crot>pinp system do not
reduce soil and water losses to the desired level.
1. The Universal Soil Loss Lquation shall be used to determine adequacy
of erosion control with contouring.
2. On terraced land or where diversions are used, the ridge will serve
as a contour guide line. On contour strip cropped land, the key
strip lines will serve as guides.
3. Guide lines shall be laid approximately on the contour. Deviation
shall not be more than 3 percent in any 100-foot length.
U. Guide lines for soils with tight subsoils shall be established on
a slipj-it grade (0.5 to 1 percent) toward grass waterways,
5. Planting shall start on guide line and progress toward the center
(between guide lines) wheiv2 short rows, if any, shall be placed.
6. Existing watercourses shall be left in sod and new waterways establ-
ished where needed.
Cost Sharing
Cost share, when planned and applied according to the alove specifications,
will be 80% of the average cost of $2.00 per acre.
June 1973
-------
'I'-.*- per acre
-------
' V , - T f
or v.'.n?'", and -'::y
"o.Vin~ to 7'ovi'V "i or" -l.^ •' s-»'r','"fH. co"x;r''". (T'f^c r.'-'J % c'.c. '• T
To ^tabilir.o eroded -Tr>"--^, fo ^i^cc" rvy-o- 'Vo'
o^ t^'ie co^ontr^'r:'"e.
'^•CW'^t'id -'C'rv'.T'i-"i t ' "t
a . ^ulliod an>-! severely eroded area ray r.cc'1
atter^-itin'- ~o rrevaro Tee^hf.d.
1 . Jj-iptt to ra"1'"^- T'l: to lnv°l neor'or] for T-cc.
c. ' '"e tV? T"i:'n.!T'iarp ajDurt of tillage oi~€rat ;•"
adGCUrl to ^ C:'"1'-'!) ,O'J ,
d. T>rt.ilize a- rito o-' f.nn Ibs. 1?-12-]/ -v-
(ri.i r.i'uir1 r%' 7? lLr>. actm.1 i!-i -K per ior'f3 -
On h^'rhJv orodib]c or sevor]'' prorlec? 6rear such -T- ilui/r1^-- r
aroas "vT.ere voretat5on ^ dr'^^rcult ^'o nr-tahi5:v. -:.\tr ;m-rma"!
: ons
-------
.pr/'» Some ,'.••<-
L-)-e::ic!3
1. Jroot- ^r--roor-i-
Rente-- ->r
T ' o r e n n ";. ."• 1 t '' <• e <~ r a " r;
<2. -.-11 r.r.c...
rro', nv.itc'*
3. "all r'cr.c 10
r> c r i c e a L' • .1 . cc.cz a
:4. T-U rCSCJo
' - 1 f~° -1 S-. -) -^ T .5--),-^
-f^"L' lino Cl< ivcr
' ., , ','•-. r..1. -,:c,: c'r.sr,
r';'-v~.or or
•Vi..r.r.i )1 ryr-ra-r;
• t : i-. \ . J-.
ncro
20
L.
?
15-20
10
20
25
30
15
]-2
35-2.0
J
r,
i' I rt- l,^-
Ibs/ioon
1/2
1/B
1/ii
3/8-1/2
I//1
1/2
v<
3/F;
i //i r-,
X * t '
1/20
3/t;- 1/2
1/8
1/f:
r^ 1 1 T t- '1 ' 1 O
^ 11. L t_*:i>- X*.- •
j-i ri t t.,
i
1
!
5c5 8,3 ! 2
•1.5 -P. 3 1
F).5-8.3 2
5.5-7.5 2
5. P. -"? .'_> ;
I
i
" ~" •
D mined '. .'ct
1
1
T
1 2
1 1
1 2
'. f" '"errs1*'; 2 x ^'il"i tnlnrnro
„,, r^n,-] tjij- jn : v-orrr-'.' a:(T>a,j. "ir.tarc: o :-
-------
342-3
Studv Area
Standards r:nd
3. vulch with 2 tons of strav; or equivalent naterial. Sc^
Specifications "484 f'ulchinp" attached.
B. Adapted tree, shrub and vine plant inrs
1. rollow Indiana Tree Planting ^uide and Shrub Planting
c\iide for the proper snecies, spacing and the important
techniques o^ plant5nr and management.
2. VJhen mariner plantings, particularly beneficial to wi]dj
refer to the appropriate specifications as outlined ir>
Practice 645, Wildlife Development.
3. Tree, shrub and vine plant inrs for critical areas and
bea uti^.i cation.
iie
Purpose, Use, and
Aesthetic Value
Species
Growth Drainaqe
Rate s Tolerance Required
Spacina fieight Sun Shade Poor Well
SHADE AND ORHAUEIITAL TREES:
Everqreen
Deciduous
White flowers
Bricrht red coloration
Yellow coloration
White Pine
Red Pine
Jack Pine
Blac\: Locust
Blac): Gum
Thornlesn
65'
65'
40'
40'
40'
50'
M-901
M-75'
F-401
F-30'
r-401
X
X
X
X
X >
X
2 1
2 1
< 2 ]
coloration
Honevlocust
Hurop.PI.Alder
40'
F-40'
SHRUBS:
White flowers-red color
PinJ: flowers
Yellow flowers
P.ed coloration
Ped fruit
Silver leaves-red fruit
Donwood
Ped^ud
Torn'/thia
Sura-Snooth
or rtaqhorn
8'xlO'
R'xlO'
8'xlO'
Clumps
2 or 3
S-20'
M-15'
F- 8'
r-io1
X X
X
X
X
1
1
1
1
Coralberr"
Autunn Olive
6'-
F- 5'
X
X
une
-------
r o
:ou:ir'J "'over
Lant (v'irio •••••re)
r;rovta
rv-xto a
Heirr'it
.T a.'~ no s c "'on ;--r ucs:J o 6' i'-l
o!
-------
484 '1JLO!i:;~ (Acres)
/ p- \Lyinp ^l-int residue? or other su.'tabl0
the site •t'o the soil surface.
To conserve moisture, absorb rain "nil impact and rrv^/o;-n -i;
t5.on and crustinn, to reduce riino1'^ r?_nd erosion, to hei; >'-tablis:. nev;
seedinps, control v;eeds and improve tho Tiv",;cal cr>rv'"i ;,v, o* t1^: r"';I;
A >
On soils subiect to severe erosion vhero a -jpall -jrouni \-;-.'.-r-;i 'o
cover or cro^ residue is produced, nuc.h as critical area" and sone
orchards and vineyards; on soil'; tliat h-':ve a la-j inf Lit-- 'tion rate;
soils excavated .in construction, both cut and fill are-v , and r-i; nev:
seedinrs.
Sre.c i f' i cat ions
Critical areas where n°ass and/or lerures are to 1>'J .or.' •*.,'.
Apply approxiratel" 1-1/2 to 2 tons '->r drv rateriaJ 7 or -.erf ,-r- 1' !:ales
nei" 1000 ':,c. ft. (straw, hav, etc.) to the surface afte?
and seedir.r. (Ei^ht torn of ranure '-'ill have about the
1?-'o tons of stra") .
'T-ien structure.- are completed too J.ate ^or nornal seerijij
earl" ror domant seed in n- to be rade: a">p]" lipe, fert''
nare ^eedbed ,.::uid nulch and secure the r>ulch in place immediate Iv a^'ter
completion cic the structure. T\aJa" seedinr until a^ter --Dtential -'sr
fall reriTination is nart , then broadcast seed on the so-^'acc- bx> ,-or^-
t"rne or h>and seec]er,
Snread ever. 'I v over the aTa.
Anchor the r^ulchinr material by dishing into the sur^acr, b'-
string, asphalt spray or paper nettinr.
Cost-sh.are for rulchin^ is included in those practices :•''• f
-------
er
""O; \:ced.
residue
-------
Black Creek Study Area
S tandarxl? . u id S pec i 1 icat i ons
Allen UD. UO:
Unit Price = $1.50 per acre
Maximum Cost Share = $1005 per acre
Practice will be eligible for payment just prior to planiinp of the
next years crop.
-------
362 DIVf.'i-'SIOti (i.-c-t)
!v? filiation
UDr.ortir,p ridfTO on thf h/wor
>:•:•; the instaljat-jo.n
-r,e of tfii3 practice is to dr.ert
- o si'cs wher-e it om ">e .ntu 0
(onditions ./h-^
io"f ::\-)n hipher ly;j
rrsTeaos, or conser 'A-
:. :> ,? ; ace ar.d r.Vili
3, !'unoff is tivrjilab
f-'jt1 diver jn uri i.,'- • :i
erosion and n;nofF on ui hc:n r
ri version r.hali not be 3ub'~ti tutijc: *cr t'..-'7\
Terracir.r- for er'OGion control.
C'/er'sioiK' a^t; not usually arr'Jic:dhLp bek:J
^reas u'li'jss Jcjnd tre-itment practices 01 ?t
'..• :;i'e'wr:t dananinp accun-ulatioris of .'ec^'r.ie
s"-ali'-id vjitri or before th»> diverr.ionK.
-------
i'JHf'k !"•* ,'K
Standards and ''T>?C
V ion i ri teria
' 'cncrai
Divert- ions shall b
u accv.txlinr •» ci the r.-txjcennres founa
,'iiac.tv
L'iveisiort'. nnotectinr. a pn cultural land and those that are part ;>f
ixxllution aPate.ment svsten must vicive the cai\icity ui> carr\r The oe :
I'unoff from a JO-vear-frequenc'" stonri a-:, a niniinum, va th a freel vt.
not less than 0,3 feet. Divers;: n> d^r.ifTied tc^ rmott-ct urb,ii: ;.:':-a
btildlnps anc] roads, and those desi meri to function xn r'or,riectii -r;
other structures, r,ha.ll have enouph catjacl W to canv ihe [.-ef:,1. i-us
d fron> a storm ^requc-ncy vitli the hazarcj i
C.'rxjs_s Section
'Ihe channel may be mrabolic, V-s.haned, or traoezoidal. Tne ch\j^r:-.ion
shall be desi pried to have stable side slopes; no ' ^ei^er than !-» , : on
field slopes up to 15 nercent and on field slopes over IS T^ercen t , IK-
steener than 2:1. The ridre heipht will include a minimum of i i.fr-
cent for settlement. The ridpe shall have a minimum top widtr, <,•: "
feet at the riesipn elevation. 'Hie mininum cross section shall rot-'t
the specified dimensions. The t ,,p of the constructed riope iha,, i iiv.-t
be lower at anv point than the. desipn elevation plus the sreci f .-'d
overfill for settlement .
Location
Diversion location shall be determined by outlet conditions, torx^rrapny ,
land uce, cultural opera t ions , soil type, and lenpth of slot^e.
A diversion in a cultivated field must be alipned so as to remit tht
use of modern ^arminp equipment.
Vepetation
The channel and ridpe, includinp *"rx^nt and back slopes of dll diversions
shall be see 'ad and maintained in pood .^petation. Adapted (Trasses and
fertilitv rates for Dr^ctice 347, Critical Area Plantinp. f^.all r-e user,,
ed i menati on
In addition to vepetatinp the r-icipe and channel, a *"ilter srrii -.ii-ove
the channel not less than 20 fe^t wide will be establl .hen and r-vsln-
tained ir. poor' i :A -when one or nor^ of the followinc condition1: "xi:--t:
-------
- • --hall
no:
-------
362-U Black CYuek Study
Standards and Specif irvi-
Unit Price = $ .60 per cubic yard
Maximum Cost Share = ^SC per cubic yard of earth moved
2. Seeding the Diversion and Required Filter Strip
Cost share, when carried out according to the above specifications
will be 75 percent of the actual cost not to exceed 75 percent of
the estimated cost.
Unit Price = $150.00 per acre
Maximum .Cost Share = $112.50 per acre
3. Underground Outlet and Inlet System
Cost share when planned and constructed according to the above
specifications will be 75 percent of the actual cost not to
exceed 75 percent of the estimated cost.
Unit Price = $150.00 per inlet
Maximum Cost Share = $112.50 per inlet
Practice will be eligible for payment when diversion is completed
and seeded.
1973
-------
',_"" '~ -i .JT-I. r"c",C''ii ~, c.' ' >'t;'
, e^~., --'-~>-;-c i'j_rr] --:>--,toct"'fi.
'r~:'-, ''ii' ruV''] ,-viut/ ::-
-------
Standards i',;;» ;>;>--
Ijpacinp. of Trees and Shuibs
i. Keep trees and f-r.riit-.'--. d ;^ei f~j rx,Tt- from fences*
Space as fed Jews: Kverpreens ~ Vows 12' to '; 6 ! ..-•'Dart and
trees J2! to 36f aoart in the rrw,
Shriirr ~- Rows K ' !.' ll;f ' < -.yr. -:\ prT^eens and 3' to ^ ' spoi
in tJie ix>w.
Spacinps are shown with variance lit oixler to fit landowner
cm * ivat ion equi ; jmen t ,
Planting and design
:, fetoh.lish windbreaks only in sprinp (f-tarch 15 to Ma-/ 15),
Minimum requirement for Farmstead and Feedlot Windbreak wi i j
be 3 rows of plants, of which 7 rows must be tree srecie?;;
The following combinations are recommended •
A. (Dne row shrubs on windward side and 2 rows of everpreen
inside,
B. One row of shrubs outside and another inside with ? rows
of everpreens in the middle. (4 row windbreaks)
C. Three rows of everpreens,
3. Stapper spacinp of everpreens in adjacent rows,
Planting Stock for Windbreaks
Trees -
White Pine - Gkxd for windbreaks except on severely eroded sites,
Stock - Transplants - 2-2 or 2-1
Red Pine - Avoid wet sites and severe erosion areas.
Stock - Transplants - 2-1 or 2--?
American Arborvitae (Northern White-Cedar) - Good SDecies for
moist arid fertile sites. When used with pines, it should be planted
in outside rows.
Stock - Seediinp or Transplant - 3-0 or 2-1
June 1973
-------
~ :>Ktr: to bef
,.'.;t: ted with ^in
r-,toc'-, - SeedlinnF - 1-0 or 2-0
Jiar.el.'.v.t Tilb^rr) - FW and well drained upland site:..
Ai'tunm Jj, i-."-< - vtards, wide range of rites,
Seedlings - i1-^
!"ultif lorn /cce - Only in areas of intensive cul l:ivai.i.on and v;.'.e:
SL>it:ac wilj be concroiled. Avoid drouphty sand are=,r..
Se^diirr-, - :«G
!•'; ^ce-t cases to add beauty to vjin-.li^^cL-.s, Avoid
Seedling and Drafted stock - 2-0 or 3-0
Tartarian fioney^ucKje. - Most common of bush honevsucv.ies. Tui
tc r.ir.i tir>-~ on wide; vsr'.iety cf sites,
A",;ir Honev-,
-------
Black CrveK btudy Area
Standards and opeo f ical ions
Alien Co, :.'.A.T'
Place order for windbreak stock in fall for next year's plaiilinp-
Order 10% more plants than required. Extras to be planted :;n garden
tor later replacement stock.
Maintenance
1 . Fence, where needed, to protect plants fror. live-flock damapt:.
2. Protect from tin-., rodents, and harmful chemical spray.
3. Replant any dead plants the following r.prir.o
U. Cultivate for several years until plants are -u--Vl estaluj^hed.
Cost
Cost sharx: , when '.inner1 and applied according to the above 'jpeciiications
will be 8i/t u* the actual cost involved not to exceed 80?o c.; ti.e est.iiiia1.eo
= ?80.QG per acre
V/here protection fron iivestco. is needed, fencing ^.: planned and
insral led vrlll be cost jhctn-c in accordance with practice U''2, Live-
stock Exclusion.
Fra-cice ';iil N1 eiiri le for paynent when t^-ees are planteJ and pro-
tected.
June 1973
-------
386 FIELD 80PDEP (T'eet)
Definition
A border or strin of perennial vepetation established at trie
field DV rlantinp- rn-ass-lecruine mixtures or by c'Tiver+inr ' '
vepetation or shrubs.
'\trpope
To control erosion; "refect edoes of fields and ber-mr *t'--:r ;•;
"turri rows" or travel lanes for farm machinery; r^'^e :i •— t
adjacent vroodland; T-rovirie wildlife rood and cover: cs i'-.r:-^
/;t ^ieid edres, esT^ec'iallv croD fields aiorif c. an r(r,\inr ^:v\ fMr': cl
voodlarK'.s an'acent to <:r\Dr;land. roads, trails, rirt"it5;-of-WiV, <_;no '.-,x^xjL.ir
fvrxic i fi ca t i onp_
Borders developed will be a rdnimum of one rod Ln '. ri1th ai:u wall not
include a part of a desiqned waterway or streambani- seotiori. beve.u:
ment of fj,~l,: bor-derti Dv either of the tuo foll'-vir.r ;r*.-tr:on;i
acceptable:
1, r;'iei.r borcier*-, will be at legist one rod in /-iotr.
/» l;r,e adapted perennial rrasses , lepa^b, cr rrass-ierujne pix-
tures- . See Standard and 3Decificaticns * '.T v"a:jture arid Ha-/--
land r.iartlric'. I1" field is plowed oi,t >[ i^?adow, leave de-
sired ividth of field border.
3. I")e;iav mowinp or field t-orders until after* Aurui.t i, Hay nwy
be amoved dt that tine.
or (";rass ar' dofvocx: or autunr
olive a^lcnp '-joodl and edpos^ and field Borders, c-oace r/;;rjb rows
6 t'o 3~Teet~anart v;ifjF~ "plants 6 to 8 fet't arart in rou,
-------
' n
a '
o -'n •;idth.
.O'":'^-^!" u^o." -p. i>or'rorr'i\iir' t'(iir. '^-ictics nust l.e
'-'/Gtr-^e^, and ,^u9t vn a-.;\i-'rv' "^r'ctl" 5n accoYxi
"-'/-le:^r: u*1;^^, d.v^ect^'onr ^r: t"'.^ "'al-.f-l, and other ^
rv^r-4-cr
Cn-t-s]'i-ir>;, ''h-T. planned and r:"taM:svieo accoro r/T to the al <-\'>.
cation". "•'.' j 1 ] <~: 70°j o^ "the avr>r3£Te cc"t n^ "^T c^'jnt'"- "^T1 1 ,rt''-
-------
Black Creek Study Ar°.a
rds and Soeci4 ications
Alien Co. 3WG~'
392 FIELD WINIWIIAN'S C'es':
Let miti on
'• strip or belt of trees or snrubs established witnir. or adjacent tc
Purpose
To reduce noil blcwinp; control deposition; conserve iroisture; protect
croDs and orcnards.
To provide food, cover and travel lanes for wildlife in areas cf in-
tensive
Contribute to reduction cf air pollution, improve reneral enviroment
and add to rural beautv.
Aplicabl e
Tn or arour.a oren ~ields v/hich need protect. ior against wind darnape to
soils ar.ii crops.
'•/her'? strips of t>T?es or shrubs increase thie patur^l beauty of a
rural ccrrmunitv or provide additional cover and food ^or mr.v species
of wildlife.
v', pec if i CP. t i ons_
Plant aenet'all'/ in a north - south, direction to r'lve naxinun rrotecticn
from prevailing winds, Occasional east - v;est riantinps are also
needed on larve areas of erosive soils, and, in 3one specific sites.
"The yerr^n-'Ticv of this practice makes it essen.Hal that TO^S be laid
o-at .and "csvk^d r.rior to plantinr. Careful layout will eliminate culti-
vation r.TXDbiorti a Pter planting.
Trie '-pacir.s- betveen field windbreaks will vajr' with type of :.i.ants
used in windbrf;aK crop beinr protected, and erodi.bility of soil,
'V>nerallv, th.e spacinr of windbreaks should be a distance not neater
tnan lb - 70 tirnes the effective heiriit of irviterlal-1. Peinr planted.
-------
392-2
Ulac). T<>< « .!<'
Plants for Windbreaks and
Planting Expected
Spacing Maximum
Species In Row Ft. Height Ft.
White Pine
Red pine
Jack Pine
American Arborvitae
Norway Spruce
Hazelnut (Filbert)
Autumn Olive
Multiflora Rose,
Lilacs
Silkydogwood
Gray Dogwood
Red Osier Dogwood
Laurel-leaf Willow
Tall Purple Willow
Med. Purple Willow
Tartarian Honeysuckle
Amur Honeysuckle
8-10
8-10
8-10
6-8
8-10
3-4
3-4
2-3
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
80 - 90
70 - 80
60 - 70
30 - 40
70 - 80
8-10
12 - 14
8-10
10 - 12
15 - 20
15 - 20
15 - 20
30 - 40
15 - 20
12 - 15
12 - 15
15 - 20
/' ' PI , , ' A A ;
Spacing^
A! I'.'1- al>le /'i£.-j
Size i. -net- !}efwef-i >
Stock K.ndbreaks ri J
2-1, 2-2 l.f.i'. ' ,SOU
2-1, 2-2 f.KOU •- ' ,SiO
* i > (
1-0 HOO - ) ,000
3-0, 2-1 ',00 - 1,000
2-2 i ( 000 - i ,500
2-0 i.so - 200
2-0 2 SO - 300
1-0 1!)0 - ?00
2-0 ?()0 ~ ?5C
2-0 '500 - 40C
2-0 wo - 400
2-0 -500 - /,00
Cuttings (,QD ~ Bofi
Cuttings "iOO » /|00
Cuttings ?50 - 300
2-0 2. ru) - HOO
2-0 300 - 400
IOTE: The woodland suitability groups for mapping units places together
soil units where wind erosion presents
provide a good base for assignment of
a problem. The same groups
suitable units for use in wind-
breaks ,
* On specialty crops a closer spacing may be needed to adequate- y pi.,t."ci
young growing plants.
-------
,-"-- ••--•]"! be rro.rr 'v^-eh 15 to "
-------
eet:are to _~i---<":-_' • ?' :P thr- ',-."..• >"' ~r to r^ntn;] ro^d cat
tificial channels. (poo<- :/>f- ;-,-'u-v • rinj-'-t r~;;x: ov
< used .ir. i •'••r: "-j t! OT i "v^te."-- o? • :,T"U-. ^ 'jrr-'~ r'vi i'o~t«:r
t ^iT-p^ -;:;1 -/: e";ir:!vle <' • rn^t-s''i irr..
"rade stabilization -;tructu?^es -"•«-> installed !•; stabilise
natural or artificial channels, orient ^ho hor-ation or
'"jllios, and i°educe envirorironta i and soJlut'o;: hfi/r'rds.
Conditions V^ior^ .: ractice ^jr-'lie';
These ntructuror -:r^l^' v:here try concentration -ind ''lov \-'e1
are Guch that ntr'icturen are ror ui^cd to .stabilize the ~'Tu
o^ to control f^jll1/ erosion, ,c>~°'"ial attention '.'ill be- T'V
inr or ir>oroviru* habitat ^"or f:''h
Structures
s shall be -'esigner^ as
'"'rade stal.j lization structures <->'' •"ateri-ils suci cis concro^f,, ^ •. • , ;•
"cnarr/, r,teel, alur"'inum aj'ic! treated vooc' r.hall be dersi'Tie-' in -;. .• v,
•'it'"! the. principles outlined ir; ''he SCf! Fnn-jneerinr I'ielc: "anil,- 'or1
r:r-.rrervat:' on Practice? and the \- >\ hicablf- SCS hnp.ineeriri" "er"i."i' ir .
J. IJnbankme:,f.s 'f.r class (-:) straclures '- dvir.r- a heirhi
^eet o^ less is r^asuri- } •'•voy, rhe lovest ;x—'rit on th*'
ccnterlino rro"h'";c- t.'j *'• -~ '-Tfr~,i :if •*-'1:f cner^enc1' a'"1 ~ i'~ s h!
reet the \'r.r~ 'nee]-^-,^ '"'.rid TTV' -n'"' !""o'-'c: rio--)t ion ''f'r "'ud ('V7?!)
-------
r
'~:'?t loar-
ii n
-•-•" acief
-------
410-3
Excavatiori
Structure excavation shall be to the elevations as shown on (.fu
as directed when change conditions are encountered. All vp^iii
overhanging banks shall be sloped to 1:1 or flatter, r.xo.r- ;+ •
be large enough to free movement by workmen.
toncrete
All concrete shall have a compressive strength of not less t^;;
pound per snikire inch at 28 days. A mixture of one part center n
parts of clean well grade fine anpreate (sand) and three partr-
clean well graded coarse appreate (gravel or crushed stone) bv
usinp not more than six gallons of clean water will normally r,
concrete that will meet the above strength requirement. Codrs'- 'vvreatc
shall not be larger than 1-1/U inch.
Except for aprons, cutoff walls, and toe walls under drop spiliwav ,incl
cradles or beddinp for conduits earth shall not be used as par* M<
the forms.
Reinforcing Steel
All bar reinforcing steel shall be standard deformed bars havim1 a tensile
strength of not less than 20,000 pound per square inch. Pipe, r.mocth iron
bars, and scrap iron pieces shall not be -used. When reinforce-1 mesh is
shown or specified on the plans standard reinforcing, mesh f.ho ! '••" used.
Backfill and Fjnlvinkments
No backfill or other load shall be placed against or on top »: uii--u.nx>rt-ed
concrete surfaces before expiration of the minimum period afti - :,jricing
concrete as indicated below unless test shows require strenp+- f:<)r. rjeen
obtained in a leaser period of time.
Walls and vertical ffic-es 10 days
Conduits (inside fornc- in place) 7 days
TrvidTe oj- bedding ? davs
No rolling or >iaulinp equipment shall be permitted to pass ovef ihe structure
or closer than two (?) feet to anv part tliereof for a peraoci ) I't viivs.
Backfill shall be liand tamped ail around the structure befort ri.ji'.nr1 equip-
ment is allowed tr, complete com;,ertion of backfill.
Earth embank'nenls shall have a 'ninimurri topwidth and be place, •, .i.:-c:or-. Wnce
with spec! f irjtion--- as given in !ractic:e 378 (ponds).
.All earth om!>ajikr;o.nt s, borr-r^; ,;t^-->s an,] othej"' di'.'.turt^ed area1.. M,.i; : De-
fertilized and seeded in acrop'.-ir.ce v?iih Standard and ST>ec'i '. '. •< ':-r, fiH/1
f '
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•-„_- : •-•-ircviral^rentiai 'joints po'nt~inr •JL^.T.
.• ••. .--r ;r>>3 - Idea at aLou1' the vertical tal
".>.;/•- of .,orrugared gaivarirted iron 01- 7U:---
'• :, . Sile:,,3 otherwise specified, die " 75
^iTirfc^ diid carried ;. ut,
LJ. re 60 peirccnr "-1 ";
;d cost. The ,?eeai"i^
' " L ";r; i";;r cicrx-.- or .-' ':
- Od7.5C -:er aciv
-------
Purpose
To provide for the disposal of excess surface water frc:r tor; •.<•.>.-;>,
diversions, culverts, or from nnturai concentrat-ions wixarir : <^-n--.
by erosion or fioodinp.
Where Applicable
Tliis practice applies to all sittis where added capacity or vc;>ta*;_,ve
protection, or both, are required to control erosion resultjnr fn.n
concentrated runoff anc^ where buch control can be achieved L" trvr.t*
practices alone, or combinations with otners as a necessarv •>,:'; -\f <--:i.
overall conservation plan to piotect the soil and water rc-'^c-,:-. < ,.»
The grassed waterway practice is not ap])lical>le to watercourse^.
where construction of a waterway would destroy important wcoiv wa.:-Jlif e
cover and the present watercourse is capable of haulinp the ..• ;«. \>. -
trated runoff without serious erosion. Such situations are ;.-..a^l;v
recopjiizable bv a meandering condition, steep side slopes whuJ; cuv
stabilized by woody plants or1 Herbaceous vepetation, and tn_A'orfalls.
])esip)i Criteria
Capacijty
Tne minimum capacity shall be that required to confine the uvik runoff
expected fxom a storm of 10-year frequency, 2U hour duration obtained
by usinp the procedures in Chapter 2, SCS Qipineerinp Field ''iijiual, ex-
cept^t>iat on slopes of less than 1 percent, out-of-peak flow • -ay be
permitted where such flow will not cause erosion. The minim-ri, in such
cases shall be the capacity required to canv within the ch^u."!, the
runcff as determined by usinr the "B" drainape cover. (Q,,l'-.>- c-f--.- pt>r
acre of drainape aiea).
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/'/ •:? ."-i.riel i-t their
- , - • i ' } '\ * s, > - - f- - -o*1" > -v • - i - ' * V~ - '- - i - - - -• •'
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412-3 Blc:-k C^ >•}•
Standards and ,-:xj.
Where water ^low will interfere with establishment of veretaW;)),
temporary diversion should he installed above the waterway aiK; r;y
spoil ridres alonr the sides of the waterwav and retained urr :' ! ' '
seedinr is established. After the waterway seedirio- is estahi .she
the temporary diversion is filled, snoothed and seeded.
shall he compacted as needed to orevent uneoual se
that ''jould cause da^a^e in the completed w
In critical areas such as, sharn breaks in channel nrade or1 \, '.•.-<•••:
excessive velocities \7ould cause channel scour, raper nettinr, lute'
nettinp or sod should be used.
Seeding
1 . Applv lime as needed .
2. Apply 600 Ibn. or more of 12-12-12 fertilizer (or its eouJvrilent )
per acre as soon as the '-/aterway lias been constructed,
3. JYepare a firm =ieedbed.
4. Seed one of the follov/inr s^rass mixtures:
Tall Tesoue 20#/ac.
Pedtop 5///ac.
Tall Forcue 20^/ac.
Perennial pverrass
IS-f'/ac,
5/Vac.
Tall Toscue 30///ac.
Smooth Bromeprass 20 /-/ac.
Pedto-i 5#/ac.
5. Use a mule?-! of 1-1/2 to < tons per acre on critical site" , Ane.;;or
tlie mulch by workinr it ivirtlv into the soil or with, papf" nettinr.
Jute nettin^ or sod nay lx> used on critical sites instea.-' ••>*' !-ujci-..
Other Factors to Consider
seed.inrs across the V7aten.-?av to avoid rows runninr ir, a^ : .-:c
Operating a cultdpacker seeder in an S curve or v:eavinp patt' ••;. . an
acceptable prooediire for seeduir.
-------
vt sh-jj:-!',, w.~!c.-. planned and established accord;.rr V ;.'>> -:ocv-'j •-.pe:J-
":'_'•. -3 v ~«>£ 4 v7ii.Il. be 80 -percent of the actual cr.^t in cr 1 •>•--'"' i v: u/ ->• :<..
i ": _:•-.-:-- -^nt of the estimated cost,
ce - '-?»i30 p^r cubic yard, of earth rovr^
"'-ix::rum Cc^:t Stiare = $,li-8 per cubic yard of ^arth r^
"• c-"'fi .ur> ~ o f «v t -1 e i wav
:'csl ^\are when planned and established accordir:r to the above pperi-
^:-::,itir Tin v;ill be 80 percent of the average roLl o. 575,'JO per aerr.
'"•?;.f ;-'•.'.r^ wi"1! oe PO percent of the averare cost ">r $150.1'C p^i^ jcv
.-.t.er. :3e./HJ..c'i a.id rulched with 1-1/2 ton of r.tra"-; p^r acre
"''axiir.uf" COP": LTtar-fi - $FO,00 Der acre ~ seed cnlv
[•':ixi"0'3jT- Cot-t 3har» = Sj.20.0g_ per acre ~ _seed -.^r..' mulch
ii"'. L': I;- -;•.->_:i."ion, tile drainage as ret'erreci t<' ir- the -3bove
ire.-n.'- \cation may be ccst snared undei ?t-ar:'::'":e n';b
Ti" e Orainare).
:\-fi:^ 'r.;i: \:- el3Ri":;]e for payment v;hon waten^:r
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A fa' .-.,t«d STj iu:t"; -.1 u c; Or,; v '£' bv !'' TiFt. j\;ct'l :".g a j. , : j 3 <* ;,:ii
DanKmejit or cornLJ,-;-;tion trit^v' . ,-r t inuK'-rary s-torap..- c-f ,*•);=;=:•,
agricultural wastes, adbcc1^^'^ --as. rf , r:;; ,-'•?.to .vaur. -'•-:». •;• '
include ujst>;'cal luron.?
This standard establishes the r;aniiriun» acceptaM^ quality > >- .•••• . i.
construction of holding ponds and tatiks as part of overs-' •',,.,'" ifd:\
ment systems in predominantly rural or rip?:icultxiral at-eo> , '• •• ;,oL.j.
ponds this standard is applicable to ci^ss (o • ^.vids w.> r, 'i: .,"<.,:,-
of 2fi feet or less.
The following practices nay also be applicable to the exic> I iai .....
are needed to minimize erosion and/or oontroJ runof: acre-.--., >. ti^'-n
feedlots, holding areas, etc. Such practices may ijicludt ii.r mo r.^.-!
limited to critical area plantxrig (342;, ten^aces (600)s u:1'."1^:.'vi,
(362), grassed waterways (m2)t tlrainape field ditch (bdiij, ^, f -;.
structures for water contro] (:>H7), and pond (378).
Holding ponds and tanks are constr-acted to store liquid .-ir>-> ; •>) .: -,,,
and polluted runoff from feed lots, bam yards and similai rti'.;r's. U-it
it can be safely utilized, evaporated or otherwise disposed •" ' .
This practice applies where tin-ire is need for facilities to n'-mporar
store1, liquid and/or- solid manur-e or other agricultural wastes, rx-uuct
sources of air and water- polJuticjn, minimize health hazards t-.-K,
the environmentc
State and Local Laws
All state and loca] laws» wciler' quality standards, rules ano > ^ulc
Rovenur.p tne cLi;>p^->al of nonure or otlier agricultural was it-/ t>.u i
stric"'h'' rtdheieci tt . Th," cwnf-- is iespoixsib]e for secufiia- •'.•,• and
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T J.: ,U: • j , , "\ . , •<.
wi , t r.* t-1.' "' '-!•
ijf' .il 1, Lc ioc,xi'Cr!d so ;;r.:t
V",^;vt uosbibie, ''lii;- .,
url d;:(:- r'-^«:;:f frorr. are a
$ :;ut a "''- ',rio-
rxcs L be T.VC > ".
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425-3
Stream Pollution Control Board requires that a.U wash w-Ue.v
waste water from milk houses and milking par lei's l>e outjct u
holding pond or- tarA or an approved septic E-y^tt;', must i,c u-
order to provide required storage the pond <.-?' TO/IK must .--t <„
hold as a minimum the sum of the following ui.pur.fj :
1. Runoff from 1he cont r .' but5 np irea:
Paved - i •• inches
I'nrth - '- Indies
2. Animal! waste - Use table below or amounts from t:Wd£ •
and Disposal Guidelines" by the Cooperative Lxtensi
Purdue
Cu. Ft./
Mimal day/he ad
Dairy Cattle l.d
Beef Cattle l.U
Feeder' Pipjs under 40 Ibs. 0.06
Hogs 0.2 8
Sow and latter O.SS
Sheep 0.11
Clickens 0.003
3, Fountain ieakape an--; other water wasted by hops
ft./doy/tKiad.
4. t".-1 Ik hoiiiip. wash v.'atcr-estim-ited amount.
Disposal I 'aci 1 i Ties
Provisions lor ^nnityirip the noidinp pond oj1 tanx u'ithout }* • ,i .:•'/ :-ui'
face waters shall De provided to insure that sufficient caj">i ' ' '; -•
available, between emptyings. Determination of empty in p. L )');•> s:,.. i SK
based on the cjtwnce of overf.iow from subsequent storm rum.1! : ,
animal wrote accumulation, and capacity of the disposal dr>
infiltration ^uau as to poLlute pround water shall be avvj
Facilities (or empty inp tiie holding facilities, such a;- t\«
irrigation equipment , will tx: provided TO deliver the WYKSU
spreading areo. The emptying of tiie facility will reqiu rv
a pump with adequate capacity against the required punnunf
When irripatioi, tvixs equipiient is liseid pipe Ji'ic and i mp--
sprinkler head(s) '-;iJl be needed. Selection c,-t this equipr.
be aceordinp; 1:- mmufactuie:. rv coinrrendati ons rvcopjij z>npy :
of soiius in t.ii'.-- iciuid--" a;u ; he ffiTiosivr nature1 of
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";f", T~T tj.ir.fv I-H3
by veyetatio".
- .'-,'r;.3;, shall oe i;^Leote-'l i^riodi; ri.;.y. 'ir:i>.s, weeds:,
••-• away r
r drainage
':;n ro." rcduin
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oqa.:i1 LY ft ft'T;. i\'fj. j-ix^tf- •; : ve !e'~' i.fL-^ . I'jn^ , ' ; .- -
set •'>•"" pio'i? .'",hv>''!:.;!R •1^.L..f^i «-,.;'•.: coji'Ur'actirip dt"i ,, > •
shall IT- sljin'rd :._-* o c^.d^', ric-cj eneineer. ^taiidaix; pl,.".
ped !-• iui'Jiif5 Lungers: i ^ ;>r ^nyol^ieT ' ,-itKi "Irant i'o'Jt -
vd*r-- -f,i' t. ,i [-•
' disp-"'- >t,-o r-t due- ^c- t>;-"'n;
-.. ';-S-'.-"-',
.;n;v ;te; :_ ..::<*' i U^ ;i>-!, 11-^ n
.-t)', d^c: 'wr-' "J i t. :.KJCC -,;
^ pnn-'v; arr1 :dqui
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466 J.ANT) SMOOTHING
Removing irregularities on th/> land surface by use of spec-u
Tliis ordinarily does not reauire a complete qrid survey. Tk
operations ordinarilv classed ar rourh pradinp. "ft does noi
"floating" done as >> rerular T->intenance practice on irrirai
the "planninr" done as the final ster- in a ]arid leveling or
iob.
'urpose
The purposes of land sncothinr include one or more of the VS
inprove s'jrface drainage, to ; TO vide nore effective nanc.rerf::
to obtain viniforr nlantinn depths, to provide for nore iini<~> -v
tion, to improve enuipnent r^jeration efficiency, to irprov: "
alinnment, and to facilitate contour cultivation.
Conditions I .'here Practice Applies
This practice applies on land', where depressions, mounds, o.i '
turn rows, and other surface :i rr e mil ari ties interfere \;i t.h t -,c
tion of needed soil and uater conservation and nanarenrrrt ;\> -
nore precise leveling or
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, 1^3 c'~ f\ ia..v< TxLrir.1'* or Iey~d tiie cutl' ':" SM-U; .
V'. ^e-^cent o;r rhe actual cc-st in\"'.!-;ec: rot -"o oxceed
~ «. o; inated cost.
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L'i
To protect, iviintain, or irvr, ,v '."le ouantity and t-ualit;' c : . . s:
aiv!ral resource-s; to maintain 01 Irprovt'* cover for protr.ct io;. , •
inprcve watersheds h.'drolorio (. ondition; arid to increase natu? -.--
Vo "T'"tect, :.:"; 3-J''ition tc wood i-JHC'S, the \jildlife and recT^\-t . :r
VT^PJV r.razinr v;ould be r-armful cw cr^cat^ a safety hazard.
'./here desired forest reproducticv:, soil hydrcioRic value, v',]> .1 i {•.- -.'aiv-c
existintf vegetation (inciudinr 1 rees) or other things, fsucVr, -'i,- ast'^etic
values or recreation are proverb fvi or damaged by ]ivo;stoc']
',-,'here a ohanre rf the land-use <->' adjacent fif;lds is brought -,r-, jl, '<-
that livestock do not have acof;"/; to the area beino protected..
"":i± not anpl"' for unite, o4" .i(-'!i(i ',?hero no livestocV is p.r^^t-n . -: laiin^i
""or :'n f uture.
5>)eei-f ications
nn for "encirr i^ ]ir"'ted to permanent fences (excl.;,!:r.'
boun-'ar1-' and roac: -encc?) needed to protect the area fror- tnv-^.r^
'••oyt -qharinr, ••:;-io: estalVishcc' tccord^'n^ to the attached specifications,
3H? v-/nciji", will be 80% ox" th:o actual cost involved not tn • >-."-'^\I B,!co
r- !! o rpfinatfd coct.
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OJY"
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382-2 Black Cr\c', Study Area
Standards and :-;*:ci.fications
Allen Co. StfCO
Wire pates shall be the type shewn on the drawings, constructed ir.
accordance with these specifications at the location and to the-
dimensions, shown on the drawings. The materials snail corifoni1. to the
kinds, prades, and sizes specified for new fence, and shall include
the necessary fittinps and stays.
Settinp Posts
Concrete or wood posts shall be set in holes and backfilled with earth
except where otherwise specified. Steel posts shall be driven unless
otherwise specified.
Post holes shall be at least b inches larper than the diameter or
side dimensions of the posts.
Earth bacxfill around posts shall be thorouphly tamped in layers not
thicker than 4 inches and shall completely fill the post hole up to
the ground surface.
Corner Assembly
Unless otherwise specified, corner assemblies shall be installed at
all points where the fence alignment changes 15 deprees or more.
End Panels
End panels shall be built at pates and fence ends.
Pull Post Assembly
Pull post assemblies shall be installed at the followinp locations:
a. In straipht fence sections, at intervals of no more than
6faO feet.
b. At any ix?irit where the vertical anple described by two adjacent
reaches of wire is uward and exceeds 10 deprees (except as
provided in Section 9 of this specification).
c. At the bepinninp ana end of each curve.
June I ;i •'
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3R2-3 Bldcx CreeV Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen G-J. oWCD
Attaching Fencing tc Posts
'Die fencinp snail be stretched and attached to rests as roilcwsr
a. The fencing shall be placed on the side of the pest opposite
the area being protected, except on curves.,
b, Tne fencing shall be placed on the outside of the curves.
c. The fencing shall be fastened to each end post, corner post
..and pull post by wrapping each horizontal strand around the
pest and tying it back on itself with not less than three
tiphtly wound wraps.
d» The fencing shall be fastened to wooden line posts by nwans
of staples. Woven wire fencing shall be attached at alter-
nate horizontal strands. Each strand of barbed wire shall
be attached to each post. Staples shall not be driven so
tightly as to bind the wire against the -post.
e, Tne fencing shall be fastened to steel line iv>sts with either-
two txirns of 1'4 page galvanized steel or iron wire or the pest
manufacturer's special wire clips.
f. VJire shall be spliced by means of Western Union splice. ;iavino
not less than 3 wraps of each end about the other. AIL wraps
shall be tightly wound and closely spaced.
Crossings at Depressions and Watercourses
Where fencing is installed across the small depressions cr vwtercourses,
either of the following methods of installation shrill c-e used,
a. If the fence wire is installed parculel -_o "L ,e rrouiKi surface,
the line posts subject to upward pull sh-iil r." <.--':vehorec; by
neans of extra embedment or bv special anoc-r^,
b. If the wire fence is installed with the top wire straipnt and
parallel to the ground surface on either sioa oi the
depper.sion, €?.xtra length posts shall be used r.o alia/; normal
post embedment, Unless otheiwise specifier, excess space
between i±.e bottom of the fence and the picur.d -jnalu. be clewed
with extra strands of barbeo win?.
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Blac! Crc") L'tudv Area
^dn .-jic: < _ . ^Lfioit Lr*;tt' v.-ater
diroosal .installed to rvrovide- drinking '-rater for ] ivestoc! .
This standard covers a 1.1 trough or tan!: installation to pr^v'df: ."live-
stock '•/atorir.r' facd"! itipn surpljed ^ror a sprint-, reservoir, "e.ll or
other sources.
iurpose
To provide vraterin^ fac5litien at selected locations -;hich ^111
about the desired protection of veariT
The livestoc}' \'atcrin^ rarjs ',*il] be located on a flowin^ stn^arr or a pond
with ''ater o^ sat.i'--factor" ^ua}5t" and ruantitv for the num" or of livestock
June 197 >
-------
tc he watered durin^ the season of use. ""he H;nl"'vri width v;ill be ] i'1
*~eet and the naxj^urp •slope vjill be 4:1. The.1 <>.terinp raro shall be fenced
in such a rsnner to keep livestock ^rom the stream or pond proper'., Ail
construct i.cr will be done in a ranner that will r-.'uce erosion to a
minimum chirinf and a'~tor construction, The? ra!".p and all areas thdt
livertocr have accer-s to v:ill be Traveled or' pavec! or otiier/'ise treated
tn provide firm foot.np. All other disturbed ctreas r-;ill be seeded,
SDeifications shall be in keepinp \?:th the prenncent of the estir.Hted cost.
Post-share w:'11 be 70 percent cf the actual material and in-
stallati^n costs not to excnod 70 T^rcent of the estimated cost.
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614-3 Black Creer fvtu/i- A;T-
Standards arid 5pe ' j. r . t at j. , :•
Unit Price = $300.00 per installation
Maximum Cost Share = $210.00 per installation
Practice will be eligible for payment when the vjaterdnp, facLlirv
is completed.
June 197?
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478-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Speed fications
Alien Co. o/
-------
A irrx)teci i \v cc-'V? x'1 (if CIX;P r ».•->; duo ^ ,Lo! t or .., it- t-o,
twecn tlif oi' r»AJS -.^vinr 1:^ {;\>.;.i.i r..,:.. -i.
' rea
.. -i i.'.-.
=-.;;.] No-Til' i ;r,i
' .• c,ome
: j. ,V'te
Ihe qUc-aitity c-: iV-Ktdue m.- •> <, on U»t
Lise oi the ','nivt'isai So:. I ,,o, , i ',.,',;••" -.
.; :-j,ai-^v-e iv, oett ,^;dneo £>y
" . >c1.j ^or '> • .-<>vered).
Ihere is DO riore then; one • ".at Lvation. (!<..) t'.iJ. t ivat ion • " , . j ;-
used li'iiesG weocii; are a pj>->: • i PH) ,
2 . Strip Ti 1 la pt-
Crop i^siciue is left on li.-. o-^il surface ;m::: Ine »r:! •>; ; . . , "it
be shrvddeo In fall, winte.r, (;r sprii;?' prior to r/iar;taJif\
instances, it- rav be let* ujr
A seecltsed is pixei-iared by a ^.larv tco] (.n s^iniiar ty:.c t-;;, . ',)r»':i'c that
rnixe'. tho scu 1 and residue ' :: an arva not to exceed l /_< ;/ * wiati.
betu'eei; Lh<- cfc/. rows. 11 n .vnaiiKki- o.f *iic- ,i«a ir. itr- '.r.^.i Ji-;>i.
Seedbeci iitvi^ir'citioii arid pJ.i: s inf ai*;' accriinpli-.:iec; i.r/ ';;i'; , ,» .'.tu/u
A prc'tei.-ti vt: cover' of o'rxyf
til leu area duTUip tlif.' gro.
if> Jft ', o;, i he sui-i ac1
'Ihe (juality of residue net-clt-d on ti'ie soil surface is rkte
use of the UniVfisal !oi ! ;/.-s< inuotion ( "C" fdotor f •• •• '••
un-
eiv is no non" than one Cultivation, r-1' <\*1 1 . v.'it^ un
usec uiues^ v-ee-j- :^r
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478-M
5. Ar.v combination or no-plow e^tens r-'hich ]ravn-: ,"Y3 o"" '/'
surface rourh and v/ith residue cover ur.tiJ Ju"! / ! , jr:;, :
on contour :'f ^^cnired convent'n'onallv. r',r-;T liv<- is • ii1
lirdt rccuiror' bv the l&iiverr.-;l Soil Lcss i runtf on.
1. Zero tillage -ir.ri rotary str:.v tillapo (r,?]iore ai1 crori ro:~/- ;>-s ^r
left on the so:'1 5>urface -inc! no orir-i-n' tillage is c'oi'o) ci; \ r/^
reconr'ended to be us^d on Ir"-,- t'ru^n v;^ll drained f;o:'lf . T: ''ic
northern l/'-i of Tndicina the <• 'radioes ai^-e be-itor f,ui:c\; * • i/c-'-.f-
and roderato]-' coarse texturv-c' -,o5 lr, tliat 'ire --..'ir^ewhat •:.•';:• -iv'el
to exoec;r•'ve]r• drained th^n to ^ociiui" texturen, '.vl] vrr^'i- ''"-ii
2. The till-olant "vster 5s not T^ecornended to be. us0''! or, UTK\ ati:KT
soils v) o.re contouring is not reasib]e. rT'!l] ;-]ant:'n:- <-r,.~.i j,.;=st
in •-"' Tier'"o^T"*'5 1 "'"i
4, The? r^—r~'lo'' till-ir^e svsters -iTi(' r.'it r^oonrnended to be ur.e':
•• i:ed
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1, lY":.u~ri5" the life of desirable rptoiof-,
2. ';ai:,;:air or Inptxn/e The quar.tity ru:c qu. iii'v c,:
^, ?r<:','i'-'ii~. soi^ protection and reduce w,:tf.-^ 1. :;',.-
""ti ••/:/••• 7 •'!" ":}ie needs .and d-
f:ur-"'o: rc..i economic returr.
inecif i c at -. •
'"•-;aay ^T-azLmp, in the spring ur.til t
1 V!"rl£rV rStt'^ijIS DrODBT .'T <"-'..T.1"! '.';i, '- ,
- c-' L iv j:.: c.ot • rv *>.; .1. i . ' - S ;-nc ; e- , .
', - , ( -. -<~ -, ; - ;, *
-_. 11 : i ,_--i j_o -.;» ^u j 'j_"'. ,
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3. Treating wit:; deeded ,c-'o~il
'Jer i red Production.
b. "a/', as needed, to cont-n •] vends and Kviush -ind tc> p/x'
uniform rcfTO'-v't1'; and rr'^xiT)^.
a. Lirfnr -nicl fe?tili7.5iK' -aoply according to ^? suits of d, i • est ,
Cost -share, '.:?i: j', ~i-
catiors, •'?'!} rx1 PS-o o4^ the avf'rape cost of $18.00 JVT acrv-:.
1 Vac t ice is e3i^Jb?Le : oy *:a\Ter.t after ariy nee^ded line and ierl -':*. r
i-, appliec" and ;"v^zir.^ :vj;r';t ha'. ]-een inspected.
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ND V^YLAIJD riA%*u:i': (.'vrw-;
"c'STai lishinp ana re'-establis;\l:ir lonf^-terr, Gha:vk; oi" arlsptec sp^-Me
of per -inn i a: } -iennial or rcEtedinn fovape '..Lir^ ~ -, i i;^r • a.le^
r:\st>,re "-i-. •• M-jnc, '\e^cvat ior, 4 doe^ r:ot inciuoe " r>-':-.';erf ^^l?i\-;a\-
To serve as fnr^'inci cover for soil protection^ t)rf>luce liigh qucuLify
forafe anc TO iid:'ust l.-ind use.
Applicatle
On existinp 'vifiture and iiayland cr on land that- :,-: c<. inverted fix>m
other uses ,
Sc-e-cifications
sVi slo?"UF ItTTtd wj th a serious erosion potential use mulch
seedin/i rsethods and perform all fitting and seeding oTserai'ioriS
on tiie contour, V.Tier'e neoessarv to elirunate cr>s?;<-.TiJ" cover
coriret11lor vheri rirffparvirHT a muloh seedbed, r.fart. ;-e,edbe-l
pr'-.^vevt ior iii late sipirei- for spring seediriH
srrrinn for ^dll. SP<
2< 'Ai fc..xrr.' ,:eve] ]an-d conventional seedbed rre -aratio- "
used.
". The see :j;I'd should be finr, coritaininr enough fiiv soil
fertilizing and c^^dir-;'
1. Apply :.i"ne aj,a fertilizer -iccordir.r to
lot' c'_)r\irip, seedinp, seed as ear-ly as rc.ssli.lt-,. ^a}--^ fall seecv
iri,RS d'uT ir:p Aupast,, In sonif. 5nstanceo "t ra\' bf- -.i:.':3abje to
ur-e one oushtl of c'dtr> as a oonparicr. crop t-:,- r-eM c;r;/!-j-.x'-j.
^--C3."cr'
-------
!:ions
';/%L ;-'
3, Cover the -.ecd 1/4 1o I/I "nrh deep by h-ai~J !•-', *'
wheels, us2 c.j u colti pa< k-ii' seeder or' h>> M,ill pa ••
anil a'rtfj ^ee:1; '-.r,
4. Use seadin,1 mixtures, nates and dates for u.!j iVr^ir , ,>
soil jmiup-- dc. :shi">;ji i-i T ;i > I ol low ing table . u :".*. --: •
sh^'"-. '•• •-> •<•."i' ij1 rixluff s idapled to thir. wiv-t. ML
Ilan£ipf?~c rr ; >'Tin yf-.v
1, Me.--' f; PT^.V r'-f" comi>j'iic«> crop when 10 inc'u t ij x-.,-
rec-'Uv-o - i'u'ix't ' ;on witn •* fie uew seeding,
?. M ti<-.-p'-sd'",- •• centre! weeds, mow or gr^aze to a i>-:u"i
I- 8 inories. i* not grdzt- during period 8 weeke< pi^cir
firsl i'.-uv. 'ii-.t nor dui'irip the dormant peiu'cx' in v.)i
Di.r^ctica'if for selecting niixtn-es from the seed trdxtut . r ." -i r- vf- r.itet, wit', -i \/eiy high managt^rrpn t It-v*-..
n •'. . ,,4 i ed tor hop pastui^e to be use:: oi IPVT-. ., -;i
orn v ,
Gratis -ilv.ju£ we. nia general ! y I.H ase -tr;(.u.i ./
n'.n,r . •••j.-rooi , ! s t -i -j i<->ultry ojx.'rat i o; ! .
i; ,\\ stion^ check jijaiit idap—it.'
-------
.; i
-------
oi' i cations
Irv ;/\ rt !ons lor j;;e of
t below;
Tht f', t>ure j, .i luicct" s.-.s :^: p_,. be. us>'y.'. out if 1est» well ct^apteci arid a blank spac*
uu.ticaLG1;. t.oat Li ."f nc>: rirla
dapted or not ^ugg? sl>;d foj use,
'o r--,s ; oof
v;ei;
-------
,-j.p."! C
70% v-
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Black Creek ,St-,.;v
Standards arid j,jce; .•.-.
378 POND (Number)
Definition
A water impoundment made by constructing a dam or embankment. A, *. >
vated pond will be acceptable only when the primary use is f. - ,t • ,-ux,-
water.
Purpose
Ponds are constructed to provide water for livestock, flood -'..ier in-
tension and sediment control.
Pond Size Minimums
All ponds will have a minimum of 1/2 acre surface area. Trie ..i.im < r embank-
ment will have minimum heipht of four feet above the present pmajid level.
The watershed will be a minimum of 5 acres. All ponds with a w
between five and ten acres will be constructed with a 6" trioJ-
A minimum of one foot of storape, between flowline of trickle t
flcwline of emerpency spillway, will be required. Ponds witr, •'.
acres of watershed will be desipried accordinp to Lngineerinp
This standard establishes tiie minimum acceptable Quality for ;,';t- ue
and construction of class (a) ponds located in predominantly r,ju<:
agricultural areas when:
1. Failure of the structure would not result in loss of lift . -;i
damape to homes, commercial or industrial buildinps, rrtur; /upji-
ways, or rai]roads, or in interruption of the use of servi-v •'
public utilities.
2. The product of the storape times the effective heipht oi t;;c
does not exceed 3,000 where the storape is defined as tht .>!•:
volume (acre-foot) in the reservoir at the elevation of i,> c
of tiie emergency spillway and the effective heipht of tne- dai
defined as tne difference in elevation (feet) between th-, .- )>•
spillway crest and trie lowest point in the cross sectjo', t,,-^
alonp the centejlines of the dam.
Juru
-------
• ^•....^: c-xceecunp the scor>;- of tl^i1; -;-ini
• •. \'\ Virile w'ii.h latest d(^sira\ crit^r: ; .-.
.•. :.' - , " "'.' approve tiie s: ze cf uie JK;.
..._•. '..TV •••:-•• ':itdJ.nr the sccix^ n" : Cf.it-. i ;":.
;(.! 1'- IMC :auiaa-^ner for s.jornir--.^ •_• ' /•-
x,'.\/ '-r-u.--.sion for its, aijixro\'d^ :>pr •• •
; v:-r. ;-'.'\ L-»: oucn ta il- >. :-•
' r-j rvcur once 'in 2S years ccin !;t sdK ,-. ",-=,
, " . _•; .-jrriicceJ emerpencv L-ci L lv;a> •, or ».. > -.1
.'- r ' ix/.:".'oral 3pdilway anc> da e;i.u:'r.j,.,-' :.,,j ,
1 L. • -' '"- ./iv\ jencr; rvvr i^ u-.-•.;.! : •".'' . ..../.!.-•'•
<~,j.;.di :u stance between the kx.'e-st ;y.-.ir.r <•.::••".;- -,'.\
> '.'r~ ;>-;". ciric rhe crest of the -jrer -ea: • .v' :i-, ":v
;',,- ';•: -u->e In the reservoir at the eleva;ion oi
--.i.t'-,/.-.''--.• opi-liway does not exceed 3.00 acrt-~fee:..;
•'•;.- j-r,,>' - ,-ir^.i does not exceed 30 acres,
Tne -"'.^. ;-." roiicl area to drainage arwa ^...:^ Wi.:.
i. • '..cul-' r>?!n«able so?Lls havirv il'-iA.1'; rr-?.i
-•«•-•;. (7) percent (.such as Fa'-nrount, ."•:, hi,
d.e" 'A'dnVioric Group C&D Soils) not LO'ii." ' r.
k,L' ..":.• j! i : ?0 .
., - .x'u,rc;tel7 permeable 3oils f/-',^.' . -<• •_.-.. .
i:';r.;, .-'*-: la and other Hydrx^icr^-" C--TT -ir 3"\
<•:;• .xirmfcible soils wi tr. lesi, :n-j . ---:,-i. -
P; . . ic-3f man l;c> r.r r^ort; t-vi, ..;...
, . rp.fi.'il: K' soils .j ^Mich a;: ".!ocinf.u^i'" , '
.:_;•-• n"-:i\jloric Grx^u1 A v^ils) not ]<-.:- :;, -
'
a-- . oi>c\'cj thci iX'iiG r;"ijyt .-..' .'/ t'.--; .^.
-. .'. •;.-'.'>:•: tea 'ioir.kil reciinentD ' ..»'< v'..:
-------
}"~j:dr- h"*}1 he 'T"./teoted ' t\.>i .'ntar~;:t>T'"'TT.T[(i--1S'] •'"• ..; '
-'o.cf'.ic'i 0 me, ^fv^-'enratio;1, '>^.-''-"i:i ->r use, ^n;" rv-^'
"ininr' fqe--t}i f:':-]] :e 8 ^eet f\/^r at l'^''-t 25 "r>-<-?-r:t ' '
-,-l-f rjv-iorj ,-i-t- :)er!"v?Jient i.'ato1^ le-/<-i, or "';i'^r^ !;.'.•, r"'i:f ,""C' n
nxc;-iVrit"'on to t?'^t (^p^t'i, a r-"T':''-mri of f- •r'°f;t over1 t~n' l'':('"' -1
Of ^"i;e ,;r>?-i.
'•':ier. the rrirary marpose is fc-r ^:'sh ^roductior., at .le-j"; '\. • -'•»-• *
o1" the r;horielire shall be. stceTxni^.od to a sloi.'^ or 3:1 or "t" • tc
a rerth o-f" 3 ^eet bc]ov 'y^manent ^ool level, i xc.oss O>":T •-'•'-• - •"•
r^' >'.e ur^c1 to coristruct earth '-irhirr pierr into t'-,r poii^.
Thn area on r'h?ch -;. r'ar ir-, to )e placed shall cor. J r^l of "^ t<
11-1 at ha^ nvr*.icicnt hearirr Ptrerrrth to support the cl,-
-------
.un;:: :1 the require'^nt-.; ilotC;-! -ilov.-
: ;"v; '.'ivoir Area;> can oe ••?.-•! „
(";n u:i>.:";k it Ponds, a r>rot.ec't i.iccijly pc^sible on ijnbdnkrrsp.rvt Ponds,. On E",\oavdtc;; Poi',;,-,
provio'-: -TI ad'.acent cirea equal to two times the nr^as of the x.'ai-.-:1 ••
'"dcje4 !^\'t/Ioi; tn.es e areas witl: plan (ant's comp;;rj:. ;..;ocxly and herbaceous plants i;us:'pe ;t(, d :.n irvcil'i^.-ito.'-"'..
>!i. ;'' T 1-. -.tl ^j:t:'.t I'lantina" (342), "Recreation Ar^a Planting " (bb/%i, -...•
!'.\i,-'il,...fe up I end Habitat Manapeirent" (645). ;(iAjinc snouio he j-r-- :>l-
r .• ilO^ ef T_~'j prassy area, rher^Dy providing V3rd?c t'/pes c: :;/"'. j^>
c-nver ''hrsurhout th.e year.
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378-5 Blacx CreCK S, ; .••• ,
Standards anc
Clearinp
Part of the pool area may be left uncleared for fish and
habitat.
EMBANKMENT PONDS
Desipn Criteria
General
Desipn criteria for ponds depend on such factors as draindpr ared,
height of dam, depth of water to be impounded, surface area or pone1
and hazard to life and property in case of failure.
Desipn Hydrolopy
The minimum frequency desipn shall be selected from the sta'Kkuw
outlined in Enpineering Memorandum - INDIANA-7. Peak discharges
and runoff volumes shall be determined by methods outlined in the SiS
Enpineerinp Field Manual.
Foundation Cutoff
A cutoff of relatively impervious material shall oe provided unue.r
the dam. Trie cutoff shall extend alonp the centerline of trie dan,
and it .abutments as required and be deep eriouph to extend ii.to a
relatively impervious layer, inhere tl"ie foundation consists ..-f ix-
L-itively in:pervious material, a minimum cutoff trend"! of ? i-\.'t
Jenth shall be excavated. Where the possibility of drain tile
exists the cutoff ;;hould be deep enourh to intercept them.
The cutoff shall nave a better;, width of not less than b feet -uui .is;e
slcp:-i. of 1:1 or flatter. Wider bottom widths to accomoGdtt- tn^
equipment used for excavation, backfill, and compaction opera!, ions
may be used. The most impervious material available snail b,- us<'d
to backfill the cutoff trench and tc construct the core o.t " -r,
Top Wi
-------
;• rr"c-"t where J"1"f
riiareter : "
-------
'/.r-• • -Uni; Area
.j ^.T> f l.rcitiorts
/. ,* n ';. bl.'. D
: jl Lowir:,' riaitrials an; acceptable: Cast-iror., wroupnt i./-.
,;i, ccrrupated netai, asbestos-cement, concrete, and roLb>~'
:r-+ vitrified '_-l,
Jif u-.e of wate: •! ipht couplinps or pasKets or by weidmp <.-:
inp, Asbcc-.t'/.s-ce'-'^nt, cc-acrete, car.-'', vitrified clay ulr-n
_.-.]« J;, a c-jj'!..!!. Vci beddir,>". ALi i^li/o ;-'.-. 11 be capable -.1
<;;Jinp tr.t; ex'-err^il lo^dinr.
Riseifj or ir^ietE^ for pioe conduits may De reinforced concrete, con~
ureLe bl(,ck-, conct^ere culvert ;)ii)e, vitrifiedclay pipe, steel Dipe
or cj '.;••' ipated rretal pipe, /ill risers will be equiped with anti -vertex
baffles. Hooded inlets rray also be used, ''dhen round risers ^re used,
cin 3y~ineh diameter riser shal] be used for 12-inch diajnetei and fimall
conduit, and 21-inch difin«ter riser used for Ib-inch dictnete) conduit,
Risers shall have a heipht adequate to insure full pipe flow ,n tne
barrel . Concrete culvert pipe risers shall have the bell or rroove
end of the pipe up. All pipe risers shall have an extra foot of
lenpth balow the invert of the conduit and be filled with concrete
to invert of conduit. When concrete or vitrified clay pipe it used
for the conduit, concrete shall also be placed around the OU^.UK of
the riser enclos.lnp the first joint of the conduit.
Outlets
The outlet for1 p:pe conduits may be a propped outlet or a reinforcec
concrete outlet. The outlet section shall be a minimum of 20 feet
Ion p. The prop should be 8 feet from outlet end. An exception may
be made when the pi re is not more than one (1) foot above the prade
of the oripinal channel bottom, and is supported by a compacted Derm
extendinp to within four (4) feet of the end of the pipe.
A concrete outlet will not be used unless it has been deter^i. :«t'U that
the p-rade below the outlet is stable and will not scour.
. Ant J-_see£ J
Anti-seep collars snail be installed around all pipe conduit', within
the normal saturation zone.
The anti-seep collars and their connections to the pipe snai , be water-
tight. The maximum spacinp shall be approximately 14 times iae minimum
projection of the collar, measured perpendicular to the pipe. The first
anti-beep collar to be placed approximately between the cent online of the
fil.; and the upstream edpe of the top of the fill but not nio-v than 20
rc-'-i, downs tream from the uiuo inlet.
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-------
378-f Black Creek Stu-Jv
Standards and Specific-..';.ou:
A3!en '" •« S:\JJ
ComporientParte
Constructed spillways shall have an inlet channel and an exit eh.-.une,'1.
Upstream from the control section the inlet channel shall be level
for the distance needed to protect and maintain the crest ele^at ;oi,
of the spillway. The inlet channel may be curved to fit existin,-
tonopraphy.
The prade of the exit channel if a constructed spillway shall fciil
within the ranpe established by discharge requirements and permissible
velocities. It shall terminate at a point well removed from any
part of the embanknent where the desipn flow may be discharged witnout
damage to the earth embankment.
EXCAVATED TOFLS
Des i pn Cri.1 e ri a
C'eryrdl
Tnis type of reservoir is generally constructed in flat land areas
wb >/2 an Embankment F^ond is not feasible. The water supply is ob-
tained f'
-------
Pent an i',uc>
3:.;;ie Sand
Coarse Sand and Gravel
Silt «oar;-
o'uiiiy Lr ar\
Clav Loam
2-1/2:1
V^re ...urt.-i^:? .•.'-"-:tor1 enteric the uc.nd in i n-•',.,!,
'J1.-' -.;. A .li.-e i-! tne rond sriali re pro4. -U-.-T-- ;
•r= t-'.-z'l-.I :;>;<'.-iv.-itev! 'ic:?. tae pond -'ii.'ij. ; •-.'
L.JW:,"' ..-a .-r. ,-o J;iiat it.-. wei-'j>l '.nil nV_ . r,
.cr.. " ''^ -,lor/:s cir.ti I't-i.s It v:.i II r.r-t •;».:
: lai".': a:vi ,t v- > » •>.. ,.it...._;i\
j' •-.':c.it;ore lor1 •.it.t-u !.si:.i-'i: i.;t i* «, .„
I.'' '? '"i.' '.•vi.'i'u •.-,'.,;: i.' C. !••:'.<-..',!- : ..'•',:•••.•.• »
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378-11 Bla'-- C-xeek Study
Standards ana Specification
Allen Co. CwC
i. "arth movinp, clearing, and materials and installation oi
mechanical spillways, stock watering systems and fencer;,
Cost share, when planned and constructed accordinp to trie
above specifications will be 60 percen1" of the actual costs
of the pond not to exceed 60 percent of the specif J ed rsh
cost of $3,000.00 per pond.
When the pond is constructed after September 30 - a dorrrant seeding
or a. spring seedinp is required. All disturbed areas will be
mulched with straw at the rate of 1-1/2 ton per acre or- 'i Dales
per 1000 sq. ft.
For a dormant seedinp, seed will be applied sometime between
December 10 - and February 28. Lime, fertiliz?r and mulch will
be applied after construction and before seeding.
For a spring seeding the area will be reworked by discinp and
the seed applied. Additional mulch will be applied at the rate
of 1-1/2 ton per acre or 2 bales per 1000 sq. ft.
Cost share rate = $1,800 per pond
2. Seedinp disturbed areas.
Cost share, when planned and carried out according to the above
specifications, will be 50 percent of the actual cost not to exceed
50 percrTt of the specified maximum cost of $150.00 per acre.
All seedinps will be mulched with 1-1/2 ton of straw per acre or
2 bales per 1000 sq. ft.
Cost share rate = $7S.OO per acre
NOTE: Cost share will not be allowed for sinple purpose recreation
or wildlife excavated ponds.
Practice will be eligible for cost share when the pond and
seedinp is completed.
June 1973
-------
.'bj *";'t: •>;;" : T: b'ilor cor.s trc.' * ed rhe 'ill cha.il r.ot vxce«"j'l the ~,xl.u
top -. •--;..:'. T. r^ ":.•- couluit before the pipe r-. : • ;,i gLled. 7:>- r'i.
eul ";.-jr> h.- o.r.oacteh around ".he tube and antiseep col i -Ai*(-"0 at !.
?. :>v;vr. , ';i.t:;or !'v :\«5Jicl ^r ire-chaiii^al compact Lor» a;^ vr.en pr\:-ceed v
z'.r.-'l ;i.i:, !^o ^CT ruction •,••• bad;t" iJAlnr shaL: ro ,'o^e v;itVi 1' ozo
rh
1. .-Air't:. roving, clearir.p, and rateriaisa and Installation of
-«-:;:,:Vir.icaJ. spillways, stod-; watering systems ^ind fences.
Cr?4. r-ru":'", t:p.cn planned find ccru:>t' '.cted acco-rciri>', to r,he
ar--vr cjivci:": r>.itionn wil3. be 60 percent oi the actual co-sts
'.-•- tj e. -,x>r.u no* to exceed GO percent of the erstiirated cost.
r,'r.it rrico. - .:3,"00,GO per pond
I'cixinun CDST Share -• $I.8CJO.Op per pond
2. jCto": rip h is " orbed areas
h"hen the pond ic constructed after Septerl er 30 - a dormant
r-eed:nr or a sprinq seeding ir> required. Ml disturbed areas
v:Ll.l be ruiched with, straw -at """he rate or 1-1 ".' ton per cere
cr 7 hale:.; .. ,,r 1000 sq. ft.
Fof 3 donnarrt oeedinf, seed will be ,-iprli.ed ragtime betvtcr,
bt'ceihter .10, and February ?b. birrse, fertilizer ai~id mujch '-'ibL
be ri..n_:»~d after construction and befor-e .T-^cdipp.
.1-. ;;ren th- por.n ar
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689-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
689 LAND PROTECTED DURING DEVELOP?ENT (Number 6 Acres)
Definition
•vatment based on a plan to control erosion and sediment during dev-
t''-pnent for residential, commercial - industrial, community services,
1 Disport ation, routes or utility uses.
Purpose
To reduce, erosion and sedirrentation during the period of land develop-
ment. This practice includes timely installation of single or a com-
bination of temporary or permanent vegetative or mechanical conservation
measures.
Where Applicable
Land protection measures include: Diversions, interceptor berms, swale
grading, sediment or debris basins, blind surface inlets (french drains),
critical area protection, mulchinp, etc,
Specifications
An individual plan will be prepared indicating the seasonal period when
development land is to receive cut-fill operations, vegetative stripping,
swale grading operations, etc. All land thus disturbed or otherwise
exposed to weather will be treated (or seasonal modifications to this
plan made) according to the attached guide.
This practice ray involve a combination of temporary and permanent
practices. For individual practice specifications refer to: Critical
Area Planting (342); Diversion;-- (362); Grade Stabilization Structures
(410); Grass'Waterway (412); Land Smoothing (U66); Recreation Area Im-
provement (562); Sediment Control B. sin (350); Streambank Protection
(580); Surface Drains (590); Terraces (604); Tilt* Drains (606); and
Woodland Improvement (666).
Cost Sharing
Individual conservation practices as listed above under "specificatjjns"
will be cost shared as a unit under this practice.
Cost share, when needed measures are planned and .carried out in the proper
season, and in accordance with the sttndards and specifications for the
June 1973
-------
689-2 Black Creek Study A:\
Standards and Specification.
Allen Co. SV;C:
individual practices, will be 75% of the actual cost not to exceed
75% cf the estimated cost.
Unit Price = $100.00 per acre
raxiiTurr.. Cost Share_ = $75.00 per acre
Practice; is eligible for payment when all necessary work has been
conplete;d .
June 1973
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562-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen 0?. SWCD
562 RECREATION AREA IMPROVEMENT (Acres)
Definition
Establishing grasses, legumes, vines, shrubs, trees, or other plants
or selectively reducing stand density and trimming woody plants to
an area for recreation.
Purpose
To increase the attractiveness and usefullness of recreation areas
and protect the soil and plant resources.
Planting of vegetative materials for wind protection, shade screens,
ornamentation, and resistance to heavy hums** traffic, including
secondary benefits of wildlife food and cover.
Th;.,v;ing and pruning of natural or planted shrubs and trees to pro-
vide space for recreational activities, allow air and sun penetra-
tion, remove hazardous materials and yet keep aesthetically valuable
trees or shrubs.
Where Applicable
On any area planned for recreational or recreation-wildlife use.
Speci fications
I. Establishing Plants:
A. Grasses and Legumes - applicable only in open and partially
shaded areas.
Seedbed Preparation
1. Shallow plow or use heavy disk, field cultivator or
siniliar type tool.
2. Where trees are present, care should be taken to not
cut too deep and cause tree root injury.
3. Prepare a firm seedbed, containing enough fine soil
particles for uniform shallow coverage of the seed.
June 1973
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562-2 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
Linijig, Fertj]izinr .and Seeding
1. Apply lime; and ferilizer according to needs determined by a
soil test. Without a soil test, use a minimum of 500 pounds
12-12-12 fertilizer, or equivalent, per acre.
2. Cover seed about I/1* to 1/2 inch deep in a compact seedbed.
Shallow .opth (1/4 inch) is better for bluegrass.
3. For spring seedings, seed as early as a seedbed can be prepared
(March, April). Make fall seedinps during August, or to Sept-
ember 10.
4. On areas where vegetation is difficult to establish or subject
to erosion, straw mulch at 1-1/2 tons per acre (70 pounds per
1,000 square feet) nay be necessary to insure satisfactory
stand establishment and earlv soil protection.
June 1973
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562-3
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
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June 1973
-------
5&2-M- Black Creek Study Areas
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
I, A. (Cont'd,)
Maintenance
1. To maintain vigorous cover, make an annual application
of fertilizer high in nitrogen.
2. Re-seed or sod areas of high intensity use to maintain
adequate cover as the need arises.
3. Frequency and height of mowing will depend upon use of
the .area.
B. Trees, Shrubs, and Vines to be used for:
1. Windbreaks on north and/or west sides of area.
2. Erosion control plantings.
3>, Screens to hide unsightly views and serve as sound barriers.
4. Barriers to seperate various uses, and help direct foot
traffic.
£. Provide additional shade and ornamental species.
6. Introduction of plants to attract song birds and other
forms of wildlife.
Plairting Materials
1. All "bare rooted" plants should be planted in spring, as
early as the condition of the soil will allow, March,
April and before May 15 unless stock has been held back
in cold storage. Balled-burlaped stock may also be planted
in fall during October, November and early December.
2. Woody planting materials may be seedlings, transplants,
rooted cuttings, or balled-burlaped stock,
Adapted Species for recreation areas are listed in Table II
as roilowsf " '"
June 1973
-------
SC2-5
Black Orecx ;:LJC-- Area
Standards and S: .ec\:f i cat i ons
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June 1973
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5b2-6
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
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562-7 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Speci f ications
Ml en Co. S'./Cb'
a/ On sites with severe erosion hazards see practice #342 Critical
~" Area Plant inr.
b/ Growth rate symbols: F = fast; n = medium; S = sla-'; VS = very slo\;.
c/ Drainare I/ = preferred; 2/ = will tolerate.
d/ Tlie evergreen species should he topped and shaped as required when
planted for "Omarentals" or "Screens and Borders."
II. Thinninr and Pruning in I.'atural or Flanted Stands of V.'ood
"aterial ^cr Recreation Area Irnrovenent.
1. On intensive use areas, leave about 10 to IS larger
(IP" + F3II) sound trees ner acre for sheds.
2. Favor ^or retention the deep rooted species such as
red oak, bur oak, "bite oak, supar navies, hidrory,
black t^un, tulip ^o^lar, etc.
3. Detain sore Clover: r/T and wildlife food plants such
as dorwood, redbed, nerviceberr/, i-avpa',/, persinron,
etc.
4. Occasional!'' there will be portions of a recreational
area, '.-/here a part or woodv cover should be leFt un-
fiinned, such as odd corners not needed ^or intensive
use, '.'here natural cover T'nakes a screen, and on steep
escarpments or erosi ve areas .
5. ''enoval o^ "ood" materials should be aoconplislied b;r
cutt^'n^ f!ush. '-'itli the •Around line. This will leav
topsr"1' 1 ?n place, ar.d not injure roots of trees or
shrubs be-'nr retained.
3. Frunin"-
1. Intensive use area trees should have lower li^bs rt1-
rioved to a r^inirup liei^t or 12 feet, so as to 751
-------
'. "here recreation pressure ?'"> rot "cay and prowir,'
n"aoe is ar^le, a ^e1' iv^ecipep tr'-os should b?. le
urrxrurtGd to and natural beauty, (e.:'. -bin na! ,
Spruces, h'hito T~':'ne, red Cedar, etc.).
I II. * ''i irt o-nance
/* . r;io prevent sproutinr, chei'inall'' treat ;;tur*N" irrccqi^tcl-'
-ifter cutting.
R. ro33onous nlartn liJ e ^oinon :!v;* should be ciienir-illy r-yrv.'
recreation
C. ''alntair. o*^
""-revert tVi° er.croac%j~^nt o^ 'jndeoi'ra_o'.e
Caution: Cha-ioalG nsori ru"t be :>dprall'r and local I'/ re-
ri^tercd ar.d rust be arolxed str.ictl1.' :'r. accordance r'ith
aut' lorizod registered use-:, direction:? cr; the lal~el, and
ot1i.f!v> Federal or Htate ~>o.l "i o le^ anc1 rv3^'.;-vv
Co3t-s1-3r,e ( T?hon "'lanned and carried out acccrt'in" to the above speci-
^ic^tionn , 'Till be 5C% o^ actual oof"-t" involved not "l"r^ excoeci 5H'o of
^ti^ated cost.
-------
350 Sim:: IT CO'iTDOL BASI!.' C.'uK'-nr)
/• barrier or dar constructed across a "ater'a" nr -it other su.' table
locations to rorr\ a silt or sediront bar-in.
To ^reserve the capacit" of reservoirs, ditches, canals, diversions,
•:atervavs, and streams; to prevent undesirable deposition on bettor-
lane's and developed areas; to tran sedinent ori"inatinr ^ror construc-
tion sites; and to reduce or abate pollution bv providing basins for
depositions, and storage cf silt, sand, jravel, stone, agricultural
'-astes, and other debric.
Conditions '•Jhere Practice
T^iis practice applies v.'herc phvnical condition or Ianc5 o'/ne^sliip
preclude the treatment of the sedirent source by the installation of
arosion control neasurcs to Iceeo soil and other ^ate^ial :n
or a basin offers the r"ost practical solution to the probler.
De s i rn_ Grit eria
r?ed;'nent control basins shall be desimed b" a ruali^ied engineer. A
freclopiGt and/or soil scientist shall be consulted to estirate rate
or production and volure o? sedinent to be expected. The applicable
portions o^ standards and specifications 378 ^ondc, shall lie followed
except as indicated below.
Tiie 1 asin shall have an estimated life or not less tha 15 <^ars based
on estinated rate or sedinent, etc., that i;ould be produced.
The desior. of dans, soill';avs, and drainage facilities shall be in
accordance with the standards ^or Ponds, ^rade Stabilization Structures
or Eririneerinr ''er'orandurn I Jo. 27, as appropriate for the class and
bind of structure beinr considered.
Safety measures to protect the public from the hazards of soft sedirent
and floodwater are to bo estaliiished as conditions dictate.
June 1971
-------
Bl^eh Creek Ctudv 're;-:
terdc and Srocificcitlon:;
"•lien O. r!'0">
-yic; and s"i<:?c?'.'c.Lcri"tf-cnr? ~or installation o-f barv'r. nhc 11 be ir. "• ee'^ir.r
th tV" atar.dard n.-d sh;ill clp^cril"^ tno roouiri-r'-'r.tc, Vr a^.pl.icatiori
1 . I.'art'n r-ovinr; cl«ar"1'r.fT; and r^.tervil? •••nd :ir;tallation of rechanlcal
roill'.-'avs , and
Co",t-:3>nTc, '.'hen pLannoc1' and oon^r.^ucte.d ?ccr^'!ir.f to th.e a':;ove
ST^eciri cations -.all be 10 rercent of t!^ actual coot of £:\c struct-
ure not ro exceed 7^ percent of the esr5ratec" cost.
I'ri-t- Price = SC,OOf].GO -er struct u^e
^'axjr \r" co'"=t-:jh-T^e rate = $4,200.00 ^er ^t
rost-r-hare , r-:^en rlanned and carried out accent"' n^ to the above
3~>eci r: cat.' on^ '.'ill he 70 percent o" the actual cost not to
e::ceed 7r,'% of the e^t.irated oo°,t.
f.ee.dirf 3r.d T^nloh.lr.f roauir-^rent^; ^or FedJ-frcnt Control Iio.sir.r3
built aftir 5'-5T"tenber 30, are the sare as those "or i:ractice
378 Tond.
"/he rract:'r:c '.:. el;h-^il]e for "a'Tient: "hen t;ie basin :".s constructed
Jvne 1973
-------
584-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
584 STREAM CHANNEL STABILIZATION (Feet)
Definition
Stabilizing the channel of a stream with suitable structures.
This standard covers the structural work done to control aggradation or
degradation in a stream channel. It does not include work done to pre-
vent bank cutting or meander.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
This practice applies to stream channels undergoing damaging aggrada-
tion or degradation that cannot be feasibly controlled by clearing or
snagging, by the establishment of vegetative protection, or by the
installation of upstream water control facilities, and which require
the application of structural measures.
Design Criteria
It is recognized that channels may aggrade or degrade during a given
storm or over short periods of time. A channel is considered stable
if, over long periods of time, the channel bottom remains essentially
at the sane elevation.
In the design of a channel for stability, consideration shall be given
to the following points:
1. The character of the materials comprising the channel Ixrttom.
2. The quantity and character of the sediments entering the
reach of channel under consideration. This shall be
analyzed on a basis of both present conditions and pro-
jected changes caused by changes in land use or land treat-
ment and upstream improvements or structural measures,
3. Streamflow peaks, velocities, and volumes at various flow
frequencies.
4. The effects of changes in velocity of the stream produced
by the structural measures.
June 1973
-------
r,-1 an/ivdr' .ire' ./.'Cci: icatio:
Structu^r; installed to stabilize "tr^-.r channel." v.-:ll 1 . • i v~>
and installed to rr-,eet Scil Conr.e.rv-itior; r.crvi _c 'jtand-ir-1': '>> ^; .--
oai-'ticular structure and t\oe r,f construction ir.voV'f-d.
Plan^ and s:iccifi cations ^'-r r'n^^allatfon or stj^.in channel stabili-
zation shall :;e in i?roinr- r-7ith th?r strindard and shall r"encri".;o ^re
rerir'rerents Fov^ ;n"-ilication of the nractice to acVo.ve its intended
TJurronc. Ti^ecr'^ic^it'^^n^ foT eric': "1*rca"'l arJ: r-tci\'i '„"'.:' ^t'^n ro-icurc T:ill
be prepared to reot on-c>:'t:> concl^'tor.s b'.r th^ rerr~'o:v.i""]n er^ineer.
r^ictu^bed fireac shall be ^ee^ed and pflintair.od :r cvx^r1 ve^^tation.
^on "ill )-e established accordirr to snec::' c:'cati/"n 342, Critical
r a:ntainir/- ^ rt~i::. liznd char.nel r-jyl control lint- erosion and sedimentc'-
t.ior1. .
]-ip cost- 3.
bit-rap e-"r'.vr
' ? -- -'--- - -)
n'-" t a 1 ] a r ion <• ~~ --' - - r
'• e actual
-------
584-3 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
3. Establishing Protective Vegetation on Disturbed Areas
Cost share for establishing protective vegetation on disturbed areas
will be made in accordance with that provided for practice 3<42,
Critical Area Planting.
Practice will be eligible for payment when all work is completed.
June 1973
-------
580-i
Black Creek Study Ai_a
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. Sv/CD
530 CTPEAMBA'IK FPGTECTION (Feet)
Definition
Stabilizing and protecting banks of streams or excavated channels
•3.p linst c.cour and erosion by vegetative or structural means.
Scope
This standard covers the structural means used to stabilize and pro-
tect the banks of natural streams and excavated channels.
mrpose
Stream-bank protecticn is established to stabilize or protect streart-
bariks for one or more of the following purposes:
1. To prevent the loss of land or damage to utilities, roads,
buildinps, or other facilities adjacent to the channel.
2. To maintain the capacity of the channel.
2. To control channel meander which would adversely affect
downstrean facilities.
4. To reduce sediment loads causing downstream damages and
pollution or to improve the stream for recreational use
or as a habitat for fish and wildlife.
Conditions V.rnere Practice Applies
ihi.3 practice applies to natural or excavated channels where the
btrearbanks are subject to erosion from the action of water, ice,
or debris or to damage from livestock or vehicular traffic.
Design Criteria
3ir.ce each reach of channel is unique, measures for streair.bank pro-
tection Must be intecalled according to a plan and adapted to the
specific site. Designs shall be developed in accordance with the
follcv:inr principles:
June 1973
-------
580-2 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
1. Protective measures to be applied shall be compatible with
improvements planned or being carried out by others.
2. The grade must be controlled, either by natural or artificial
means, before any permanent type of bank protection can be
considered feasible unless the protection can be safely and
economically constructed to a depth well below the anticipated
lowest depth of bottom scour,
3. Streambank protection shall be started at a stabilized or
controlled point and ended at a stablized or controlled
point on the stream.
U. Needed channel clearing to remove stumps, fallen trees, debris,
and bars which force the streamflow into the strearnbank shall
be an initial element of the work.
5. Chan/res in channel alignment shall be made only after an
evaluation of the effect on the land use, interdependent
water disposal systems, hydraulic characteristics, and exist-
ing structures.
6. Structural measures must be effective for the design flow
and be able to withstand greater floods without serious
damage.
7. Vegetative protection shall be considered on the upper por-
tions of eroding banks, and especially on those areas which
are subject to infrequent inundation.
Streambank Protection fleasures
The following is a partial list of elements which may be involved in
a plan for Streambank protection.
Obstruction^ Removal - The removal of fallen trees, stumps, debris,
minor ledge" outcroppings, and sand and gravel bars that may cause local
current turbulence and deflection.
Vegetation - Establishing protective vegetation on streambanks by
seeding, .,">-. -.. i::.../:..;, and mulching to control erosion and sedimentation.
Bankslpping - The reduction of the slope of streambanks to provide a
suitable condition for vegetative protection or for the installation
of structural _ __ A :.,.".; c..I : «
Rip-Rap - Placed or dumped heavy stone, properly **>."•••'- ---."' with a filter
^_i..x3t when necessary, to provide armor protection for streambanks.
June 1973
-------
Le<-al r e~ui rcrer.tr-
P]anr- and Specifications
Mans and specifications "or installation o^ itreanb^nb -rotrctien
shall be in Keerinn "-:ith this standard and shall describe tr.e re.ou.ire-
rents fe,r aoMicat:'on oc the practice to> achieve Its intended ^ur^c^e,
for
rrenareo to r^ot on- site condition Vr the rer:norr;: Me ^ri^iriecr,
Ltrea.rran"i:s arv t'.K1 disturbed ^^c.fiv, sh^ll be nee-deb .r.d r,-i -In Paired in
<~oc•-..
•'ract'ce '"11 b"j c^i^irl'1 ^r-"'" r.-r^'ord" '""" *"
-------
585-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
585 STRIPCROPPING, CONTOUR (Acres)
Definition
Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands on the con-
tour to reduce water erosion. The crops are arranged so that a strip
of grass or close-growing crop is alte.; ated with a strip of clean-
tilled crop or fallow; or a strip of grass is alternated with a close-
growing crop.
Purpose
To reduce soil and water losses.
Where Applicable
On sloping cropland where the topography is sufficiently uniform to
permit practical tillage and harvesting operations, and where the
cropping system needs the support of the strip arrangement to effectively
reduce soil and water losses.
Specifications
1. The Universal Soil Loss Equation will be used to determine adequacy
of erosion control with contour stripcropping.
2. Strip boundaries will be laid out on the contour with a max.Lmum
allowable deviation of 3 percent for distance of 100 feet or less.
Where diversions are used to break the slope, they will be used as
guidelines.
3. Guidelines for soils with moderate or slower permeability shall be
established on a slight grade of 0.5 to 1 percent toward drain-
ageways.
4. Planting of crops and tillage operations shall usually be parallel
to strip boundaries with short rows in the middle of the tilled
strips. Where this is not acceptable, planting may be started at
the top of the tilled strip, leaving any short rows at the bottom
of the strip.
5. By careful attention to field layout and starting at the critical
part of the slope, it is often possible to maintain uniform width
strips (parallel sides).
June 1973
-------
"• = e'^abllr.l-od accor^ir.^ to trc ^o;i ] o* *inr -.'idt'.r., ••it:Jr.
r-T^\r^. Make neer'^.ri ^^hi'--, D'V?r't" ir. ^.ri'; '-.i-dthri to
' •" lor^ "jtrf'^'7 havfi ":ui~-illr"l nicies.
ent dev5^tion In ^'.idth r-v. '—e -iLlcf/ec! "o adjust for a
r'r. r-lor^c on :>nr"fi "ielr1'-.)
/' c^r-^ true ted '^tei^ '^'" -ire to '':c: ra :-r.t ainec' in sod.
"-:-"' T'-, ••1-^t: ;-Janned and ai"rl5nd acco-nri:n^ to 1:1 .e above specifications,
cor-t o'17 $5,00 rer acr-?1.
Hctic" "."ill ^'e eli^:i:]e cor ra"-irent '-'hen contou1^ .~i'rips have been
"T;d cnt and the ^i^r-t vearc cro^s 'r.ave beo.i, "^1 arrted.
1073
-------
h9Q-i
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
590 SURFACE DRAINS (Feet)
Definition
A graded ditch for collecting excess water within a field. This does
not include Drainage flain or Lateral, or Grassed Waterway or Outlet.
Purpose
Surface drains are installed to:
1. Drain surface depressions
2, Collect or intercept excess, surface water such as sheet
flow from natural and graded land surface or channel flow
from furrows for renoval to an outlet.
3. Collect or intercept excess, subsurface water for removal
to an outlet.
Conditions Whcye Practice Applies
Applicable sites are flat or nearly flat lands that:
1. Have soils of low permeability or shallowness over barriers,
such as rock or clay, which hold or prevent ready percola-
tion of water1 to a deep stratum.
2. Have surface depressions or barriers which trap rainfall.
3. Have insufficient land slope for ready movement of runoff
across the surface.
4. Receive excess runoff or seepage from uplands.
5. Require renoval of ej^ess irrigation water.
6. Require control of the- groundwater table.
7. Have adequate outlets available for disposal of drainage
'.;ater bv gravity flow cr pumping.
June 1973
-------
590-2 black Creek Gtudy Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Cc. o./C:
Desipn Criteria
Surface drains shall be planned as integral p-irU; jf a drainage system
for the field served and shall collect, intercept, arid remove watei to
an outlet with continuity and without ponding.
The SC5 Engineering Field ILanual lor Conservation Practices shall be
used as guide in the planning arid design.
Inye3t i gati on s
An adequate investigation shall be made of all sites. Soils to be
drained shall be suitable for agricultural use.
Location
Ditches shall be established, insofar as topographv and proper ~y
boundaries permit, in straight or nearly straight courses. Par.com
aligrvnent may be used to follow depressions and :s,:uted wet areas of
irregular or undulating topography. Excessive cuts, and the creation
of small irregular fields bhall be avoided.
On extensive areas of uniform topography, collection or irrre -xrept: on
ditches shjil be installed as recuired for effective drainage.
Design
The size,, depth, side slopes, and cros:-, soct:ior; iv. - v.r.all:
1. l^i adequate to provide the r-ec^ui^ed '^rviir.rt/e for the L-;it
ar.d the crop to be gro.Ti.
a. The minimum desi,nr capacity of tr.>: dlt:oh will ^; vori::.
date the runoff computed by usinr ti~~ !'C" c~arve for
open ditch design in flat areas fc,r ;it:id crops. A
minin'un1. dei, '.^n acconriod.-.ting the: i "xv~ '-f using the "B
curve will he used for ar-eas on v;hich *->-ud. crops
are to be grown. A nirur.un depth of 'J inches and a
minimurr cross sectiorv.l area of I c^.iujx^ fecr : cr
sinple dicd^es aruj Li square feet: "or r-ach ditcn of
a dDuible diuoh o^ (;;) -H;,ch^ill U. u^-^.
.
aesipjied for the purpose cf provic.in. erosion contiol
arid surface drainage, trio ir.;.'th ~c\c. .'..;o.ii-:. section of
137;
-------
590-3
the channels vill be suffici.or.tlv lar~e to c^rr" ' the
pea]-: rate of runout" rroduced, l;v a 10-irch fre" jor.o-'
rain. The minimum depth will Le 6 inchf- or tr .peir-idal
sections '-'it:: a 6 feet hottor "idth and 8:1 si<"<; r.lcpes.
"or a "^" section the mininum de^th '"ill he 9 inche!~
10:1 side s]opp~.
2. Perrit free entr" o' i-ater ^rom adjacent land sur^ar^-. without
nt* excessive ero°don.
3, Provide effective c'':oixi5al or reu^o o,f nxce.73 irri r it ion "..7atar
('.-.'here aripl-1' cable).
U. Conduct flot: "without exceo:nve ejx>sion. T:ie rvixij-u' \cOoci ty
v.'ill be in accordance ^ "ith tl^ose s'^wn on pa^e 1M— 2i of the
SCS Ennlneerino- riold '"anual ror Conservation I Tact 'res. A
rourhness coefficient of "n" = 0.0't '-.Ti]l be used in conrutinr
velocities.
5. IVovidc stable side ^loner, based on so:'] character-is tics.
6. V/here crossinps »;ith fam eruipr.eirt a side slooe o^ 8:1 or
Blatter r-.7ill be used. A side slope of 2:1 and. preferrably
4:1 or flatter may be used vheje ^arn operations are parallel
to the ditch.
7. Pemit construction and maintenance "ith available -.suzpnent.
8. Tile or other suitable subsurface drainage measures sJiall lie
provided for on the design for sites havin^ hi^'h '-jatcrtable
or see^are problems.
Plans and Spccifica1:ions
Plans and specifications for construction of rirainape rield Bitches shall
be in keepinp with this standarrl and shall describe the requirements for
oroner installation of the ^ractice to achieve its intended :uir~x3se.
Construction
Areas to be excavated and areas to be occupied by spoil shall be cleared
of trees, brush, stones, or other debris.
Ditches shall be constructed to a continuous bottom prade to-card the
outlet, rinished sections shall be uniform and smooth.
Sooil shall be placed or rraded in such a manner that uith r.ecessan,'
inlets provided, S'irface water mav move freely into the ditch,
June 1973
-------
~~z ^~'! d dr "^O' jt;r. ' " ... 'o
"'o"1 ^ ,'---• j~' " r>4~ r~ r^nd f''.'" ]
~*,r>>^~ r^."!"" ^ - ~! ' 'T r S T1 ^^~ Vi^;
depo" '-:" ^r ^.' If; • ": ] 1
'-;r.fa:>.<-"' to jenri4" th.T tr
,^ cU'r-^nori ar
L.O ~vRn"^ ^ L'la^'
';-~1"l'r rcc'uca caTa.clti1"1.'" anri c.jusfi ra^^tial
;:<- ^r'ntnr. ' "to'' oac"; " i..vTr' rain t"io ditchec:
"uidc
o E '.~iv;err:n~ r:rn>1 ''ar.ual cor f
Practice-,
er' and coristructed accordinr t:.r t:;r
rjtior" ' 1.1] 'e 7Q ^ercent of th^ ~c±u-o a "-'-"arato :ter jrder ^ractic
GHt, r':le "Vv.r'~.
rractice "3 el:' ~ib]e for Tv/T
te
draixis arc
-------
bOO-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Alien Co, SWCD
600 TERRACES, GRADIENT (Feet)
Def initjLon
An earth embankment or ridge and channel constructed across tne slope
at suitable spacinp and with an acceptable prade.
This standard does not apply to Diversions.
Purpose
Gradient terraces are constructed to reduce erosion damage by intercep-
ting surface runoff and conduct inp it to a stable outlet at a non-
erosive velocity.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Gradient terraces normally are limited to cropland havinp a water erosion
problem. They shall not be constructed on deep sands or on soils that are
too stony, steep, or shallow to oermit practical and economical installa-
tion and maintenance., The topography must be such farmable terraces can
be constructed.. Gradient terraces may be used only where suitable? outlets
are or wil] be made available.
'l Criteria
Spacing I/ (Graded)
VERTICAL INTERVAL = 0.7s + 2* (s = predominant slope of Land above
lenrth of terrace . )
FIELD SLOPE - %
Ve.rtical Interval
'Horizontal Interval
Feet Per Acre
Acres Per 1000 Feet
I
2.7
270
161
6,21
2
3.4
170
257
3.89
1
4.1
134
325
3,07
4
4.8
120
363
2,67
5
5.5
110
397
2.52
6
6.2
103
424
2.36
7
6.9
98
445
2.52
8
7.6
95
459
2.18
9
8.3
93
474
l-.ll
10
9.0
90
485
2.06
11* 12*
9.7 10.4
88 86
496 507
2.02 1.97
Jane M73
-------
goo-? Blade Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
* On sio>^ steeper than 10% a horizontal interval of 80 feet nay be
user',
I/ Terrace spacing may be adjusted by applyi.ip the Universal Equation
Tor predicting soil loss. The maximum horizontal spacinp shall not
exceed the slope length for the allowable soil loss determined by
usinp contour cultivation, the most intensive-; use possible for the _ land
and the expected level of management. The most intensive use possible
will be considered continuous row crops vmli.es s thoreaiF.hly justified.
Vertical spaeinps determined by either of the above charts rnay be
increased as nuch as 10 percent of 0.5 foot to provide berter alinement
or location, to miss obstacles in the field, to adjust for farm
machinery, or to reach a satisfactory outlet.
The drainape area above the top terraces shall not exceed the area •
that would be drained by a terrace or equal le'.npth with normal spacing.
Alinement
Terraces in a system shall be made as nearly parallel as practicable.
Land smooth inp,, a moderate amount of cut tin? arid filling alonp the
terrace line, use of multiple outlets, variations in prades, and other
methods shall be used as needed to improve alinomem,
Capacity
The terrace shall have enouph capacity tc handle the peak runoff
expectec. from a 10-year- frequency storm "without overtopping.
Cross Section
The terrace crur»s section shall be proportioned to lit: Lhe land slope,
the crops grown, and the farm machinery usec. Hit1 i.uipe neipht shall
include a reasonable settlernetvt factor. Ui& r-V.i;?c :,hill have a irsinimuru
top wicth of 3 feet at the desipn neight, The ri7J-.un cross-^ectioa
area of the terrace channel snail be 8 squar; f>-'0t f?>^ La;-;.; slopes of
S i«rcej:,t or less, 1 square feet for slopes iron 5 tc 8 r&rcent, and
6 squirt feet for slopes steeper than 6 percs--.r.t,
lerraces miist: have, a uinimurri ^onnei cross sect; on of 8 scuctr^e feet ^or
terraces up to 500 -ceet in lenpth, 10 ,:qud:t; f-^ot for terraces from 5bvO
to 1000 feet In length, 12 e^aari foet j'ny tert-c.cc>:: ,jv-r 1000 f^et in
lenptr,, and witi\ an overall ^T,c;e .::" C.M rerj^nt,, p.;r ihcrt distances,
terrace rrade rkt/ vary f.;>Q-! 0.2 peive---, ts u , :; re r cent re irt^ove aline-
'Knt. 'i'iie base must r^e tirr,-HU *:ir.cu<.-h xc DO -, .jj.r'-.a;, ne<~ or.ri firrr&.i on tiie
contour A'ith ecuip;TFenr con.rxr. TO ~zr.\-: ar-3^. "or sto; <..-•& >:y:>v tert^ces,
c-r-^ar-s ;i^,y -,f; v,;rir-i -;o i^urov-^ .iiinerrc-.L, , re-": :;-.•> -ra^-.. v-y be per-
ratted near- o-A'lwt." b-:-c.-i'.i?o staled w«t-: - v/.^l .-.-"ur- -. \-> v-'-it^.- surface
-------
600-3
Black Creek Study Area
Standards arid Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
Spacing of terrace and effective ridpe height (measured from top of
settled ridpe to bottom of channel) shall conform to the table below.
GRADED TERRACE CHANNEL DIMENSIONS
Trapeaoidal Cross Section
Field
slope
(percent)
Length in Feet
1
2
3
A
5
6
7
8
9
10
Needed Terrace Ridge Height
in Feet:
200
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
400
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
600
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
800
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1000
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
May vary + or - 10
Percent horizontal
interval in feet
260
160
127
110
100
93
89
85
82
80
Figures are settled ridge height and are based on a channel with a 6
foot bottom on a 0.4 percent grade. The same height should be used for
a 0.6 percent grade. The height should be increased 0.1 foot for a
grade of 0.2 percent. A top width of at least 3 feet should be provided.
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF TERRACE CHANNELS
Length of Terrace
Feet
500
500-1000
Over 1000
Cross-Sectional Area
Square Feet
8
10
12
June .1973
-------
' to
TVTK- c-\' Ve.fC'tation r*-iGt Per Second
r-iad anrl Silt." 1.5
ot'ior 2.0
Poor 3,0
4.0
rnod 5.0
All rrvdicnt terraces rust have an adequate outlet. Such an outlet nay
be a natural r-ra.s^or] •;aterT'c?", a ve^etatcx1 area, or undeTrround conduit.
In all ca.^e~ , tve outlet nust cor.ve^ run.o^-f7 ^iT^r ttie ter^race or terrace
system to a ooirt r:hnre the outflov ',-:ill not clause danare. Terrace out-
lets nhal.1 he installed before terrace conntr\ict:i.on, if needed to insure
veretatiT"~; cover in the Cutlet channel or settlement of ^ill around
The ^e^i^T-, elevation of t.\e TTater surface in the terTace shall not be
lo',.jer than th° desirn elevation of the water surface in the outlet, at
their function, \;hen both are oi^eratir.^ at der-i^i "lov:.
rreci^ieation:; '.•;:'11 he in "'eepin^ r.:ith, thf. procec^in^ standard and '"ill
•include consideration or the follow;:',r.r itere:
.'"'1.1 r'.ead furrow, ditche'-, or Bullies to be crossed shall be
fflier1 }^efrr^, construction begins or as part Qf construction.
,'-11 ol'd torracer, fence rc*;3, and other obstructions tliat vjill
Intc^rfere i-ith the succers'ul oTieration of the rr/ster\ shall be
-------
f>30-5 Black Creek Stud
Standards and Ppec-j f ic
Tlie top of the constructed rid^e shall not be lower at anv
point than the design elevation plus the specified overfill
for settlenent. The opening at the outlet end o~' the terra c e
shall have a cross section equal to that specified for the
terrace channel .
The finished channel shall contain no depressional areas rh^-
would cease pondin^ of water darapin^ to crops.
All tillage operations shall he parallel to the terraces.
Storape tvpe terraces with underground conduits shall lie
desi med in accordance with derini procedures in t]ie SOS
n^ Field Manual for Conservation I Tact ices.
Consideration shall be ^iven in terrace and outlet layout t-.i
nacliiner" operation needs and ^ield terraces.
Cost-Sliarinr
1. Underground outlet and inlet system
Cost-share, \'h°.n planned and constructed according to the a!
specifications will be 80 ^ercent of the. actual cost not to
exceed 80 percent or the esti rated cost.
?. Terrace construction
Cost-si:are, when Alarmed and carried out according to the atove
sp^ci^'cations, "ill bo 80 ^rcent oc the nctunl cost not 1: exceed
80 ^ercent o"' t" 1° estimated cost.
~wnent when terraces are COT leted.
Jun» 1973
-------
Black Creek Study Areai
Standards arid Specification?
Allen Co. SWCD
604 TERRACE, PARALLEL (Feet)
Definition
An earth embankment or a ridge and channel constructed across the
slope at. a suitable spacing and with an acceptable grade.
Purpose
Parallel terraces are constructed to reduce erosion damage by inter-
cepting surface runoff .and conducting it to a stable outlet at a
nonerosive velocity. To reduce point rows and permit easier planting,
cultivation and harvesting of crops.
Where Applicable
Parallel terraces normally are limited to cropland having a water
erosion problem. They shall not be constructed on deep sands or on
soils that are too stony, steep, or shallow to permit practical and
economical installation and maintenance. The topography must be
such that farmable terraces can be constructed. Parallel terraces
may be used only where suitable outlets are or will be made available.
Design Criteria
RDacin I/ (Graded)
VERTICAL INTERVAL = 0.7s; + 2* (s = predominant slope of land above
length of terrace).
1 FIELD SLOPE - %
j Vertical Inlet
| Horizontal Interval
iFefif Par Acre
is\f>vf-t Pot- 1 OOA Poo*-
1
2.7
270
161
6.21
2
3,4
170
257
3.89
3
4.1
134
325
1.07
4
4.8
120
363
•> . 7h
5
5.5
110
397
2.52
6
6.2
103
424
2.U
7
6.9
98
445
2.2S
8
7.6
95
459
7.1ft
9
8,3
92
474
'> •; l
10
9S0
90
485
?.n^
11*
s\?
88
496
:>r,?
12*
10.4
86
507
1.07
•June 19 7i
-------
I/ Terrace spac1:. rr' n-TT he adjusted bv a^~:l;'lnn ".he ] in.i versa ,
'.".:• rvred'-otinr r-c^ 1 lor.s. The raxin;r horizon:a] sracinn rxo;-, ^-irjei f'-r th1
•>e considered or""*'nuour. r^v •.•>•'•!:• s Mn"'er';r- rh^rr-'j-hly ju'Ti'J
Vertical spacin^s detenrinec' ''y either cp the above charts :
creased as rnuch ^ 10 person' civ' 0.5 root t<> T'royide heitt-r
or location, to T°iss obstacle:" in the -"iejch, tc jKh'urh; r~ r '
e'""', c^r to reach '"• '".ati'^ao^o1-" ovitlot.
e -ir^a ahovp the t,^ terrace shall no" exceed t"f nTT;,; th-it
vould be drained b" a terrace >;if Rru^l lenrth '-:ith norra] Lv.vjc^ir.r.
Al inerer.t
Terraces in a svnten shall be constructed, insofar an is ix1' .Ible,
parallel to each other. Varvinr channel grade and deoth o-f c-ut:, in
various sections of a terrace and in adioin^\nfT terraces v1' 1 he utilized
to irp^rove alina^ent. 1/and nrrx^thin" and u-".e o^ -riulti".1!''- '-'i^letr or
other rnethods should be u.^ed to inprove alinernent,
Caoacitv
Tlie terrace shall have enough capacity to >iandle t:ie pea), r-unoff ex-
pected fror a 10-year frequence storn without overtopping.
GS Section
The terrace cross section shall be proportioned to fit the land 6 lope,
The crops frro^Ti, and the farr rrvichiner^' used. The rido-e height shall
include a reasonable settlerent factor. The ridre shall liavo a nininurr;
top width of 3 -Feet at the desi rn height. Tlie rdninum cross-sectional
area of the terrace channel shall be 8 square ^eet for lane slopes of
S percent or less, 1 square feet for slopes -fror 5 to 8 portent, and G
scuare ^eet ^or <~0 o^es s'tcer^er than 8
Terraces r^ust have a ninij-'i^ channel cross-section of 8 square feet for
terraces up to 500 feet in lennth, 10 square feet for terraces fron 500
to 1000 feet in length, 12 square feet for terraces over 10.'') feet in
length, and with an overall rrade o^ 0.4 percent. For slior't distances,
terrace rrade nay varv fror <~- .2 percent to O.G •percent to i-ipTove aline-
nenf . The base ru^t be broad enough to be naintained cind { ^rfed on the
contour1 rath ecuionent conron to the area. For store "e tvp'* terraces,
^r'c'C.es paT' bo varied to inprove aliner.ent. Steeper trades -•>!•' ^e per-
r it. 'ed near outlets because --viter storare vn'i] >-educe 1:1 10 ;. -lev" s'arfacc
dune 1973
-------
6QU-ci Blae-k Creek Study /\re.a
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co, SK'CD
Spacing of terrace: and effective ridge height' (reasured from top of
settled ri'ipe to bottom of channel) shall cop.forr; to the table below.
GRADED TERRACE CHANNEL DIMENSIONS
Trapesoidal Cross Section
r__
Field
i Slope
(percent)
length in Feet
I--, - , ..-- --
! •- - - -" -^~"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
i 8
9
10
Needed Terrace Ridge Height
200
0.8
0.8
0,7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
400
0.9
0.9
0,9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
in Feet
600
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
800
1.2
1.2
1,2
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1000
1.2
1.2
1.2
1,1
1.1
1,1
1,0
1.0
1.0
1.0
'- "•"• • •"'— •— — — .—~— • .—- — j
May vary 4- or - 10
Percent horizontal
interval ir P«et
|
I
260
160
127
110
100
93
89
85
82
80
Figures are settled ridge height and are based on a channel with a
6 foot bottom on a 0.4 percent grade. The sane height should be used
for a 0.6 percent j?rade. The height should be1, increased 0.1 foot
for a grade of 0.2 percent. A top width of at least 3 feet should be
provided.
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF TERRACE CHANNELS
Length of Terrace
Feet
Cros s " Se c t i ona 1 Area
Square "Feet
| 500
500-1000
Over 1000
« !
10
12 !
f
June 1973
-------
604-4
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Al!en Co. SWCD
Channel Grade
Channel grade may be either uniform or variable from 0,2 foot rxrr
100 to a maximum grade of 0.6 foot per 100 feet of length. For short
distances, terrace grades may be increased to improve alinement, The
channel velocity shall not exceed that in chart below.
Type of Vegetation
Bare channel:
Sand and silts
other
Poor
Fair
Good
Feet Per Second
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Outlet
All parallel terraces must have an adequate outlet. Such an outlet may
be a natural grassed waterway, a vegetated area, or underground conduit.
In all cases, the outlet must convey runoff from the terrace or terrace
system to a point where the outflow will not cause damage. Terrace out-
lets shall be installed before terrace construction, if needed, to insure
vegetative cover in the outlet channel.
The design elevation of the water surface in the terrace shall not be
lower than the design elevation of the water surface in the outlet,
at their junction, when both are operating at design flow.
Specific ations
Specifications will be in keeping with the preceding standard and will
include consideration of the following items:
All dead furrows, ditches, or fullies to be crossed shall be
filled before construction begins or as a part of construction.
All old terraces, fence rows, and other obstructions that will
interfere with the successful operation of the system shall be
removed,
The minimum constructed cross section shall meet the design
dimensions.
The top of the constructed ridge shall not be lower at any point
than the design elevation plus the specified overfill for settlement.
The opening at the outlet end of the terraces shall have a cross
section equal to that specified for the terrace channel.
June 1973
-------
60H-5 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Alien Co,. 3WCD
The finished channel shall contain no depress ional areas which
would cause ponding of water damaging to crops .
Ail tillage operations shall be parallel to the terraces.
Consideration shall be given in terraces and outlet layout to
nuchiner\ operation needs and field terraces.
Crrorage type terraces with underground conduits sra.l 1 be designed
in accordance with design procedures in the SCS Engineering Field
Manual for Conservation Practices,
, Underground outlet arid inlet system
Cost share , when planned and constructed according to trie :ibove
specifications will be 80 percent of the acutal cost not to
exceed 80 percent of the estimated cost,
Unit Price = $150.00 per inlet
jCcsj Share = $120.00 per I: let
Terrace Construction
Cost share, when planned and carried OUT according to the above
specifications, will be 80 percent of the actual cost not to
exceed 80 percent of the estimated cost,
Unit Price = $ .60 per linea1 foot
djriUR;. Cost Share _=_$ .»48 per Lineal foot
Practice s-.ill be elipi'ble for pavrr\ent when t^r^rcices -3i\; ccrr.plsted,
-------
'jf mThr p; vr;s ("on-)
A conduit, sue1-! as lilo, pipe, cr tubi
; urppse
/•• drain na1' serve one or nore o~' rhe follo^is^ rurooses:
2. Provide drainan?; ^cr '"'ter'.'avr,, surr:jco drains, and .Trasb
lined p?.«;ales to nrotorr thn:r erosion cc-ntrol canabilitv.
2. Intercept and rrevent i -ater rover^ent intc a wet are;-i,
3. Relieve artesian ^rfr^nrres.
U. ^erove surface runor<.
5. f.erve ar, an outlet cor other drains.
Ponditions T1here Practice -A^pli^
Prains are user] in area? :;- cap-abilities a^te^ -'nst-illation of required drainage and other
conservation practices. 'T'he soil shall have enourh depth and pemeabi-
lity to perr^-'.t installation of an effective and economically feasible
-'sten.
'T: outlet ror the drainare systep shall be available, either by .rravitv
"low or b" nurpinr. Tie outlet shall be adenuate for the quantity and
i-unlit'' o*" effluent to be disposed o^" r'ith consideration of possible
''a'-Vi^es above or below the point of discha^re that mipjht involve lepal
act:'or." under r^ate L^'-s.
June 1973
-------
LlicV CreeV "tuc.y /r-
The design in.; installation shall be based on adecuate survey? and
investigations. The Indiana Farm Drainape (-""uide, Table 1, "Drain-
age Recommendations 'cor Indiana Soils" shall be .'"oil owed,
PeQuj.r_ed_^:aDacitv of drains
The required capacity shall be determined by one or more of the follow-
ing:
1. The system, shall have sufficient capacity to drain all area
iri. the watershed needing drainape,
2, A suitable1, drainape coefficient including oaoacity required
to njspose of surface water er.terir.r; throuph inlets.
3. Surve^? arid comparison of the site with other similar sites
where subsurface drain yields have been measured.
4. Measurement of the rate of subsurface flow at the site.
5, Estimates of lateral or artesian subsurface clow.
6. Drainape Field Ditches should be used to remove surface water
from the land where feasible for the most economical and
satisfactory results.
When an existing rain is to be used for an outlet the. following shall
apply.
CASE I - For areas to be drained that are five (5) acres or less.
This will apply principally to small systems and random lines
where complete extensive systems are not needed.
An investigation shall be made of the outlet tile to determine
that:
1. It is in pood physical condition based on observation of
the outlet tile at point of ]unction.
2. It has adequate capacity based on general observations
made ;ji the field. A survey or instrument check of the
tile main downstream a distance of 200 to 300 feet from.
the function is advisable to determine, grade. It will
be necessary to continue this check to the outlet unless
observations indicate the advisabilitv of such survey.
June 1973
-------
4. The p>::^r>n til-? outle" :' r: ador-iate, -; f r-rad:]" avd';.L
and r:~ard".
fy*Sr II - "or area". to ;a drn^''1 in ^xcn-" r-r O>~ (5) ?rres.
1. .' "~-;ivsica] Mnrcct"1' or. < '" i"io exintfr.f ti](' t^ ^eccj^T'r.
trie T:']C :' ". operative, r-^.^-' r>-o' ]^r^^r",^or.': , and ;v~r> c"j.
r^:" exi/'-t"'!1' t.i]e • '!] 1 !r o^r.^idercd adequate if the C'i'acj't^:
0^ t'lc: tr'Tle, i^ c'etrr^ -':!';. in ['+or 2, is f>cual to, or -neater
tV.ai: ?.?,c-c or I"-:;- rcvir'r' ' c:aT-ac:d"", and ir t:in oxir-tinp filo
is not d<'ri;r;r'' ^v-.^-j-(-;^' ; r^,-r;1 ]' o p^ " rlor~ '"', i
-------
606-U -Viack Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. 5WCD
Siz of rjraia
The size of drains shall be computed by applying Manning's formula.
The required capacity shall be determined as provided above arid the
size computed based on one of the following assumptions t
1. Hydraulic grade line parallel to the bottom grade of the
drain with the drain flew in? full at design flow.
2. The drain flowing part full where a steep grade or other
condition requires excess capacity,
3. Drain flowing under pressure with hydraulic grade line set by
site conditions on a grade which differs from that of the
drain. This procedure shall be used only where surface water
inlets or nearness of the drain to outlets with fixed water
elevations permit satisfactory estimates of hydraulic pressure
and flows under design conditions.
The size may be determined from Standard Drawing number E8-71U (Exhibit
IH-il, SCS Engineering Field Manual) or fron the "Tile Drain Design Chart"
in the Indiana Drainage Guide) .
The minimum size of drain shall be four (4) inches in dia~rteter except
as follows.. The minimum size of drain shall be six (6) inches in dia-
meter for deep organic soils ( drainage group ID), and five (5) inches
in diameter for sandy soils (drainage group 13) except when drain lengths
of thirty (30) feet or longer are used.
Depth, Spacing, and Location
The depth, spacing, and location of the drain shall be based on site
condition? including soils, topography, ground-water conditions, crops
and outlet s .
The minimum depth of cover over subsurface drains in /nirieral soils shall
be 24 inches,, Tills minimum depth shall apply to nornal field levels and
may exclude sections of line near the outlet, or- Actions laid through
minor depressions where the drain is not subject to d£?rrat?e by frost
action or equipment travel, and where sit-' cone It Ion;-; 'usrify specifying
other depths,
The mlnirpum rtei/th of cover subsurf ace noils ,';hall be. 30 inches for normal
field levels as defined above , after initi-:! suooidcnce.
Structural measures shall be Irs Called where, ^asi J le tc conrrol the
water table leve: in crgonic cdlr within the c ;:tirr,i::r ran^e of depth?' .
The Indiana Drainage "ui'e, "Dra > fi'-ro l f-cr.'™ipfjn-:2.::iorn rcr Indi.ir-a Soils"
shall be- used a" a guice for- '•-•].'&'•" drit;''-n:."":uit •-•".' cf ^erth, spacing
arid location.
Jur.e 15J73
-------
"in:'.r"ur ''elocltv and nrade
'.'here 5t ir" deterr'ned that a c"'lt"'nr- '-.ar-v.r-1 <^:lit',, -• v\'oc
not l<"-ss t^an 1 • U reet T-«r>r' '-econd "hall rp u'".cd to c^-t.-j " '"".
r^ir"')"!!^ rria'''es or the Indian-3 ^Y'ajracft ^u1'c'•' U.SP o4" silt trar^ '.her. si~p.olf:ed :'r: t^~- 7.
In areas i-lth no rapir1 slltation hazard the -"in.irir- ^ra^ >
or unusual site conditio:1' exist:
U incv- r''' cjneter
5,t~,7 :'pch dla:":-
b, j „• ^nc,11 <
1? :rc"' '^'aT-i.-
1 'a xir 'ur ^rad P ajid I "r-ot e e 11 ^r
On site? '.'here torot'ra^h'io condition^ require thr- u"e o"' dra~'n liner,
on rrades steerer than t- r> •x'r^enf or ''hero denim vp]oc-'t~c" '.-ill i-ie
"reater than i.ndicatcd :n t^c tat le hnlm', soecial ^eacv :r^ r shall hp
used to j^rotect the ^ra:n. n."\o/;o. r'earuror. ".hall hr r:^eo"'f i^c! ^or
each "ioh l;ar,e^ on th« ^a ^ *' cul ar conditions of tva nob sitr-. T'ie uro-
tective reasures shall 1° s-xjci^jod ror each ^ob Last-1.'' or, thf; 'i-irticul-'
conditions of the lob si^f;. "rio ^rotectlvc reasijrec~ shahl "'nclufh. one
or pore o^ the 'rollo'?ir'-:
}, I'se onlv drains that are ijni ^orr1 in slzo and s'-.a -^ ai'd r'ith
snoot); ends.
2. Lay the drain so ar'- to secure a t5pht pit •:ltl"! Hr inside
of one section ratohin^: that o^ the ad-!"dninp; sec-
3. ',,'ran open -joints '-/ith tar irore^nated pas>er, bur Jar, or
s;v;cial ^ilter rate^ial such as plastic or J":' ber-^l^is.s
fabrics.
4. Select the least e^odiable soil available for b]-'r.dli.r.
S. Tar-r blinding naterral care^ull1-' around the fira/'n 1 erore
bac}"rilltnri.
6. Seal lo:ints or use a uTatertirrht T^i'-r;.
•Tune 1973
-------
sane1 inr
'-IVH -.rv ' "-'ii dy Loar,
'Lit 2r-l r>'H Ir-^r
;• arid
ill -oe*- strength cind durability re':i::.r!r-cntr> o^; the
^.->^>r,^ r~ c'^t'1''!!^ -^P ^ '^^"^^(l ""^''rA' err1 r^r "" i^c"' ti^!1"^ in t ~.^'
"- r-''.^Tl re ^r-^/'. :'r f'oten-.ir-:r'T t :o -L , of
_•->-' *-^"-o, -or crv-.tcvi, "t^nr'Ar-'. C^T:; extra r;
"~T'c:~-W: ; ~"~p. ro^~ ['r/r'"?] Inrion o:r rir jina"1-'..
v r -- "^^ '__-'' ^-1
~~> v-,-,'-, ~r* -. -^T>- •~-l-i ,^- ^-nn ~ j^ pn,''1 C'lT^^^i-^t' T^ - lvj.
-';-•-j-rr..' •^^rcri?1 c::l vr-T-t, '"tC'iT" dr i::: -iiicl
-------
606-7 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
2
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402
TYPE SPECIFICATIONS
Homogeneous perforated biturrinized fiber ASTM D ?311
pipe for general drainage
Homogeneous bituminized fiber pipe, testing ASTM i) 2314
Laminated-wall bituminized fiber perforated ASTM n 2417
pipe for agricultural, land, and general
drainage
Laminated-wall bituminized fiber pipe, ASTM D 2315
physical testing of
Plastic drain and sewer pipe, styrene Commercial
rubber Standard2
Perforations, if needed, are to be as
specified in Fed. Spec. SS-P-358a C'S-228
Plastic drainage tubing, corrugated refer to Specifi-
cation Guide,
page 606-12
Pipe, corrugated, aluminimum allow Federal Spec.
WW-P-402a
Pipe, corrugated, iron or steel, zinc coated Federal Spec.
WW-P-00405
Concrete Tile - The use of concrete tile under acid and sulfate conditions
shall be in"accord with the following guides:
ACID SOILS
Class of tile Lower Permissible Limits of pH Values^
Organic and Sandy Medium and Heavy
Soils Textured Soils
ASTM C 412:
Standard Quality 6.5 6.0
Extra Quality 6.0 5.b
Special Quality 5.5 5.1>
ASTM C 14, C 118, C 444 5.5 b.O
June 1973
-------
r n ~-'' -nr.d '"or.o^etc. P5 pe - '"ell and p^'/Tot, i~on,~"i,., ^p/^
Jr;-.;>c - '''ieh ror-t:- tV> strength, absorption, one: cr.h-^r rc^uireror.t-,
--4-?. \~ :^- ^~" 'ise adocuate for th1"1 '^]
roundatlnn "" ^ ° u ir e nent q
Cort or •.'"Xldfi'f "oundat?'ons shall bn
he rrcnc\,,, T;hTcir,r' th.°. conduit o^ ^1/inl'. or othar rigi': :;.;•" crt", o>-
r> "T "i 1 OT-"a"^ '•'* ~'r"~(~" pp d'O" n* O ri-•>]-(-h-^ ^^ •~'No1~| "•- r '-'i^.-ra ;p, V'^f^ ~*~~', '"'TlC
nd ^^.dd:'r-'T c"-p.options ~^rc:'r'^r1 rr-,-p t""° "'ou . "• f^ot""'"1" o/r sa"'~-J:*"
e^e^T'a^.e :"ay:.;~ I;T- trenc'• r'.a xt s 'VaKlo 7lv-f of ^. • "• '" 'd '\:,?'"r: r."'
--.-.,-•- 'r-,'.-,-- • ;'
-------
606-9
ee].- '/,tudy Area
'oecificaticns
Allen Cc. SWC1)
Top soil shaved fron, -i -it-
shall be used to M5:.-_ -
recommended «
of the trenc
:'•.:. for thor.e
qual jv
tnat
are no!"
and J
Envelopes shall 1-e used an-Mr' rir^ins where required for' ;.-roper bedding
of the conduit, <,r where r»~- "Wiry tc improve thrj characteristics of
flow of ground wate?1 ::*to ''--• c-.x'Kiui t.
Materials used for envelop*" do not need to meet, the grade:, ion require-
ments of filters, but the;,- 3'>VL1 not contain materials wh~i::h will cause
an accumulation of sedirient in tae conduit or1 render the envelope unsuit-
able for bedding of the oono;;>* >
Auxiliary Structures and Drain Protection
The outlet shall be protected against erosion and undermin;rip of the
drain, against damaging periods of submergence, and against entry of
rodents or other animals into the drain. A continuous sect;;on of pipe
without open joints or perforations shall be used at the outlet end
of the line and shall outlet, above the normal elevation of low flow
in the outlet ditch,
The pipe and its installation shall conform to the following require-
ments:
1. Where there is a hazard of burning to vegetation on the outlet
ditch bank, the material from which the outlet pipe is fabri-
cated shall be fire resistant. Where the hazard of burning is
high, the outlet pipe shall be fireproof.
2. Two-thirds of the pipe shall be buried in the ditch bank and
the cantilevered section shall extend beyond the toe of the
ditch side slope or the side slope shall be protected from
erosion. The minimum length of pipe shall be ten :Vet,
3. Where ice or floating debris may damage the outlet ]ipe, the
outlet shall be recessed to the extent that the cantilevered
portion of the pipe will be protected from the current in the
ditch.
4. Headwalls which are used for draiji outlets shalj be adequate
in strength and design to avoid washouts and other fr;Jures.
Conduits under roadways shall be designed to withstand the expected
loads. Shallow drains through depressional areas and near outlets shall
be protected against hazards of farm and other equipment, an-i freezing
and thawing.
une
-------
Cfeek Study Area
A*.!en Co, SWCD
used where mor*? than t\;
tn be admitted to drains,
5
'^'rr^f rr orci1:^" •f'rr.'i'is and prevent sediment from e.rr::e"JrvT the con~
-In1' • , ir.i:5:r. " Ires ^Irwinr under pressure shall be d^'O-ned to with-
:-tari'.; th-: re'-ut i~. ~ pi'-es^ures arid velocity of fLow. Auxiliary surface
•Caters shalj '"'O UL~'-?" wl'ier--: feaciblc.
Installation
Sr.^ec.ifica'-.icn'" shall be in keepinr 'vith the ^'ececilnr. standard, si'
•Jeyc-ibe th. r-nquiraro-its for proper installation of tne practice to
achieve its iritpr-'iec purpose, and shall include consideration of the
following itwrz;
Inspect ion rr
TTateTifil tor drains sh^ll be piven a rip id inspect: on before installa
tdor, V-'hrr^- -3ppl.:':ai;ics clay and concrete tile shall bo checked for
damage ^-.'rr. fi^.f^inp ar.d thawinp, prior to installation. Dituminized
Viber and plastic pire and tubinp shall be protected frotn hazards
causinr detomation crv warpinr. All material shall be -'.atisfactory
por i'!": inten-'ied 'jr=e and shall meet applicable specifications and
Ail drains, Loth flexible as plastic tubing and non-flexible as clay
and concrete tile, shall be laid to line and grade and covered with
approved blindinp, envelope, or filter material to a depth of not less
ihan th: ee ( .V> inches over the top of the drain the same, day that the
drain is laid,, Cither of the two methods below may be used,
1, Excepl a? provided in Method 2 below, the bottom of the exca-
vated trench shall be shaped or grooved. Flexible type drains,
when placed, shall be embedded in undisturbed soil for approxi-
mately 63 decrees of tneir circumference, M'i:-:r placement of
all tvp^'i of drains, friable material taker i from the trench
spoi 1 or cut from the trench side walls shall be placed around
the ?ir'. ".in in such a manner that it will compLetnly surround, and
suppo.^t the drain and fill the trench to .7. depth of three inches
over ;'h^ top of the drain. To be suifai \f\ mace-ri-als surrcund-
jnt; the r>qin rnast contain no hard clod';, rocJ«;s,, ^r fine material:
,vo^L.'. r;-;u-e a siltjnp hazard in the cu -i ,. a »
liipinr or rroovinp of the tre-iich bottom is not
prcvicied t". e"bed the drain when placed, the (.bvdn shall be
.iLrectly U;,X^TI the flat, unshaped botton' .-:uid both sides
June 1973
-------
606-11 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen C->. SWCD
covered with an envelop?, raterial of sufficient quantit" to
fill the trend; to a dtrth rxf three inches over the top of
the drain. Envelope material shall consist of sand-pr?vel
material, all of which shall pass a 1-J /2 inch sieve, !Ji; to
100 percent shall Dass the 3A inch sieve, and not more than
10 percent shall pas^ the no. 60 sieve,
When a filter is required, all openings in the drain shall he covered
by the filter, or approximately the lower half of the drain is to be
covered by the filter and the rect of the drain covered by a sheet of
impervious plastic. No portion of the drain containing openings is to
be left exposed under condition0 which require the use of a filter.
When sand-gravel filter material is used, the trench shall be over
excavated three inches and backfilled to grade with filter raterial.
After placement of the drain upon the filter material, additional
filter material shall be placed over the drain to fill the trench to
a depth of three inches over the drain. A plasti.c sheet and friable
soil can be used in 1>.'J of filler .material as the backfill over the
drain when specified. The sand-rravel filter material shall be- a
mixture of sand and pravel within the ,:-,';.' required bv the base
material in the trench.
The gap between tile or other drain pipe ioints shall not exceed
inch for mineral soils or 1/2 inch for organic soils. Openings wider
than these, occuring on the outer side of a curve in a tile line or
due to tile irregularity, shall ho permitted if they are covered
with broken tile, fiber plass, or other suitable material.
The upper end of each drain tile shall be capped with concrete or
other durable material unless connected to a structure,
Earth backfill material shall be placed in the trench in such a
nanner that displacement of the drain will not occur and so that
the filter and bedding material , arter backfilling, will meet rhe
requirements of the plans and s:>ooi fi cations.
No reversals Jn ;rrade of the conduit shall be permitted.
ifnere the conduit is to be laid in a rock trench, or where rocK is
exposed at the bottom of the trench, the rock shall be removed below
grade enourh that the trench may be backfilled, compacted, and bedded;
and when completed, t",e conduit r.hall not be less than two inches from
rock.
Materials ;:.p<;cificatipns
All materials currently acceptable for installation as Drains a
listed in the standard. Thc> ''r--5ci fications for use in determination of
Tune j'"' 7 j
-------
the physical requirements and testinf of all the physical re-quirenentb
and te.s'zir.r of ail of the approved rate rials on paerjs £06-68''.
Specifications for corrugated plastic drainage irav be obtained frorr.
the State Conservation Engineer.
General
The installing contractor shall nane the source cf Materials used.
and complete IN-229 Tile Installation Reportt where applicable.
'/forking Tools and Reference3
VIorking tools and references are to be used as guides along with
local experience in planning and installing drains, except when the
working of this standard indicates that they sivilj be used, in those
cases, the specific table, fipure or part referred to becomes a part
of this standard.
Cost S
Cost share, when plannec and carrier out accc \\\ :..rj . ~ tr.c
specifications, will be 70 pe:rcert of the ac"1':-/1 •. :s" r.nt
70% of the estirated cost.
Unit Price = $.40 per l.Lnal foot
ost Share - $ .23 uer liTiCal foot
Tii<3 breathers ^na relief woils wil? L<: eli.r.lblr- for rest sh-^re wheii
their need is certified by the reopens i.o ./. c''^ .f-.ra^cian, 't-.'.ii sh.ire
vvili oe 70% -f che actual cost not to excjo.- ~'':- ' ~ ;r,e ^j^^r^tec; cost.
Unit Price -• ^ v O.C'O per ins ta Hat lor,
^ ' ;U
practice is eligible f ;r cor-~ -.r. r.r-e i/a-.-;"'.
or gr-isj sr-.v.Ae .LS ocr.olt-fei' ^.'. t'"'" "• "
-------
612-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and specifications
AT:en Co. SWCD
I'efinition
Planting tree seedlings or •: uflinrs,
To establish or reinforce a viand of trees to conserve soil and moisture;
beautify an area; protect a watershed; or produce wood cropr.,
In open fields, in understocked woodland, beneath less desirable tree
species, or on other areas suitable for pr^vjcing wood crops; where
erosion control or watershed protection is needed; where greater natural
beauty is wanted; or where a combination of these is desired.
Specifications
1. Plant best adapted species for a given soil and site condition to
accomplish the owners planting objective.
2. Site preparation is required only on areas where very heavy sod
cover is established. When planting in heavy grass areas of
fescue or bluegrass, plow shallow furrows, on contour where erosion
is a hazard, and plant trees in the furrows. On tree planting
machines equipped with a scalpers plowing is unnecessary.
3. Areas selected for planting must be at least one-half acre in
size.
H. Plantings must be protected from fire and grazing.
5. Chemicals used in performing this practice must be federally and
locally registered and must be applied strictly in accordance with
authorized registered uses directions on the label, and other
federal or state policier, and requirements.
6. Spacings for plantings:
a. Bare erosion and gully areas 6' x 6', 1210 per aero.
June 1973
-------
Black Creak Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
b, 'ior.-a.ctiv'S erosion area?.:, reinforcement plantings, under-
plantings for stand conversion, and reforestation of open
fide where weed and grass control will not be carried
out. R' x 3', 681 per acre.
hardwood plant inp-s where rrass and weed control will be
carried out by use of farm machinery and/or chemicals,
10' -- 10' U3G trees per acre
12' - 12' 3 OH trees per acre
14' - 14' 722 trees per acre
16' - 16' 170 trees per a
This variation in spacinp is allowed so that trees can be
spaced to fit equipment planned for use in cultivation,
maintenance ,, etc »
This practice will further allow the addition of approved shrubs
or trees to repailar planting for beaut if ication and wildlife im-
provement. The dLlowable inclusion of shrubs in plantings shall
be & maximum of IOC shrub-tvpe plants per acre of planting.
a. Shrubs must be planted in outside rows of plantation, or
alonp planned access roads or firebreaks through the
plantation.
b. The following trees and shrubs, in addition to those named
in the "State Tree Planting Guide", are approved for
Indiana use:
Do p woods Bush Honeysuckle
Recbud Serviceberry
rictverinp- Orabapples Bush Lespedeza
c. Spacing of trees and shrubs added for beautif ication should
be 8s x 8' tc allow better flowering and fruit development.
Ml plantinp of trees and shrubs in Indiana will be done in the
spring of the vear, preferably March, April and early r'ay.
Any deviation of species from the attached, Tree Pointing Huide
or approved List for beaut if ication must have approval of re-
sponsible technician, prior to beinp eligible for cost sharing.
-------
C12-3
Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
•p
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I/ iiardT.:oC'tv> are reccrT:e:,dec ''"'' u:\d-.'iturber 3i^>r; In
or for •7i^e-:;raced ol ant h, - •- in t,-j;d r;h h"- vhere '.;•
2/ rence post > product:'or onr ,
3f "or Christ:\as tree , j"d;;;- .' ^ .-
Cost-^hariry-
Co?t-share, "hen planned and o--,te'r
the estirated cor.t.
VJhere rroducticn ^ro- live/'loo :"
stalled vill be
1, fenc~'n." ar.
int*:: o^" over 1200 tree." -ill he re r"cri-". .." f th'- .,?"/?'•:>. ' orxiotor,
Division o^ Tnore3tr", Indr'ana T ^rartrent of h^tuj-vi] ' esouro« '"or tec;mi-
cal assistance, /'ll h.arr^-'or^ tree r^antin" rerme:-t i"'1! !e r- '•'erred tc
the ner^/icc Tore^ter.
Unit Price = $80.00 -^er fo^r
Cost-Sh-ire Rate - $C^.riQ T^er acre
Practice ir n
if necessar-/.
r na'^^r'l ",'hen trees are slanted, ar.'. Mrotccted
•uno
-------
6UU WILDLIFE //ETLAND HABITAT MANAGEMENT (Acres)
Definition
Retaining, creating, or managing wetland habitat for wildlife.
Purpose
To preserve, create, or1 improve habitat for waterfowl, furbearers or
other wildlife.
Where Applicable
On existing wetlands and on lands where water can be impounded or re-
gulated by diking, ditching, or flooding.
Specifications
Furbearers
1. Impoundments with water control structures.
a. Construct a water control structure that will permit water
levels to be controlled from 12-36 inches.
b. Maintain water level at about 12 inches during the growing
season to encourage the growth of cattails, bulrush, sedges,
bur reed, arrowhead, and other aquatic plants useful as
muskrat food.
c. Gradually raise water level to maximum depths, starting September
1 to make these food plants available to furbearers and prevent:
winter freeze out.
d. For types and sizes of structures required use applicable
service specifications. Stop-log type of structures are
recommended.
2, Impoundments without water control structures.
Construct an earth fill dam without a mechanical spillway. These are
less affective than the structures described above. On such areas at
freeze up time a depth of 36 inches shall cover at least 20 percent.
of the area. Additional shallow pits nay be constructed in the
June 1973
-------
Black Creek Study Area
'.Standards and Specifications
Mien Co. SWCD
shallower parts of the irofiound/nent. Such pits will have a minimum
water depth of 36 inches,
Waterfcfc/1
1. Shallow Water Development
Construct dikes or levees on relatively level land according to
Standards and Specifications for Class III Dikes. (See Engineering
Specifications - 356 for design criteria). Install a water level
control which will permit sufficient drainage for crop production
and permit flooding from 1 to 15 inches. A source of water shall
be sufficient to maintain dasired water levels.
a. Open Areas
Plant to duck food plants such as browntop millet, buckwheat,
Japanese millet, soybeans, smartweeds, or corn; or utilize
crop fields after harvest. Flood to a depth of 1 to 15 inches
when fall duck migration begins.
b. Woodland
Create greentree reserviors by diking wooded areas where oaks
are the dominant species (pin oak is the most desirable species).
Flood to a depth of 1 to 15 inches from the middle of October
until March. Woodlands must be drained during the growing
season to prevent injury to trees.
2. Development or Preservation of Existing Marshes or Impoundment Without
Controlled Water Levels.
To provide open water areas for ducks, depth of water must be a least
3-1/2 feet deep over at least 25 percent of the area (maximum of 75
percent) to control emergent vegetation. One or more of the following
methods may be used to improve water levels and provide open water.
a. Where possible in existing marshes, construct a low level dam
or water control structure to impound water at least 3-1/2 feet
deep over at least 25 percent of the area. See Engineering
Specifications 587 and 3%.
b. Construct pits or dugouts by blasting, with dragline, or by
other means at rate of one to each 1 to 5 acres of marsh.
(1) Where runoff water is lacking, pits must be located
where water table is normally within 2 feet of the
ground surface1.
June 1973
-------
6U-U-3 L.;;-CA -'.'re^k Study Area
JtcTil^Lt.: arri Specifications
Allen to. SWCD
(2) Fits dependent upon runoff watei shall be constructed
in watersheds which will rteinTfiin ciasiiod water levels.
(3) Construct pits witn a ffiininrum surface .irec. of 500
en, ft, ana a maximum of 3,UOu sq, ft. !">apth shall be
at least 3-1/2 ft. over at least /S> cv the. are-a.
(*+) Twenty-five percent of shoreline sruill have a slope
el- 5:1 or flatter,
c. Construct leva! ditclies accordinr to the foiiov.'inp specifications:
(1) Ditdies will be constructed without pr'SJt: wr.ere ground
water levels will permit iviiritair-jv' n w-i^tT depth of
3-1/2 to 1+ feet.
(2) Ditches will have a mi.JU.mujr, oottom widtn of 4 feet with
side slopes no flatter than 2:1. Side sloues of 1:1 will
be pernassible in i>eat or TTSUCA soils.
(3) Ditches should be parallel and, if possir^e» at ripht er.flci-
to prevaullinp wind. Fai'aliel ditclics wiJl be spaced from
1UG - 400 feet apart with optjnum spacing of 200 feet.
(4) Excavated rrateriai will ne deposited ori aiternaie sides
of the ditch, stapperinp, the spc^L c>ant<; £.t appiroxidately
50 feet intervals. The spoil bank will r;ct Le leveled.
A berm at least ID feet in wictr, --.-i^ll be lefr L/stweeu
tiie edpe of the ditch and tne toe 01 T.-.e spo-.i. L'poii
aiid berm will be seeded to adactea rr,n-.;e£ ^rvL ^erures.
See Standard of Critical /rea Plantjnc-.
d. i^ere none of these methods is pr-iCtic<.iL;le, ruir.v.io existing
WKtl.'inCi-i by:
(-- Protecting from fire or- faw.ir.p.
(2) Control unwanted < ocxiv or other v-pe«.';io:- ;.-• ~rv'vi;v,
cuttir.r-^ use of herbicides or- other r*. -r, .
3. Islands for loafinp, nesting, rv.ftj.nr* <*-•; u'jc^. bi'-ru:/-.
May be (x>nstructe-j at rate of 1 isioiv -^i r ', - ^cn-rs of poadecl
area«
a. Min;lmu,-i size -
less tr,di. .: f:-r-
-------
Black Creek Study Area
end Specifications
Allen CD. SWCD
c» Twenty-five percent of shorelines will be sloped 5:1 <">r
flatter,
H. Jjoafinp sites
Three sites per surface acre of water are recommended. In shallow
water, provide firm objects such as rocks or bales of hay or straw.
In deep water, anchored floatinp lops or rafts (H'x^*) may be used,
Cost Sharing
Cost sharing when the practice is planned and established according to
the above specifications will be as followsi
a. Impoundments for furbearers
(1) Impoundments with water control structures?
Cost share will be 70 percent of the actual cost of
earth movinp and structural jiaasures not to exceed
70% of the estimated cost. Design and installation
must meet the technical approval of both the engineer
WM^MMMK ^^MMBMk «UMM MMMMB0*WOMM*^Mt WHM^^BBMBlMH^Ht MMB vaHMMIWt W^MMR flBMM^^MMM^^tfMt
and biologist.
Unit Price = $800.00 per acre
Maximum Cost Share = $560.00 per acre of impounded area
(2) Impoundments without water control structures
Cost share will be 70 percent of the actual cost of
construction not to exceed 70 percent of the estimated
cost. Design and installation must meet the techni-
cal approval o? -fehe enffijTeer and" MolbjgTst*
Unit Price = $UOO.OO per acre
Maximum Cost Share =; $280.00 per acre of impounded surface
area
b. Development for waterfowl
(1) Shallow water development
a. Earth moving and structural works
Cost share will be 70 percent of the actual cost
of earth movinp and structural measures not to
exceed 70 percent of the estimated cost,
Unit Price = $800.00 per acre
Maximum Cost_Share = $560.00 per acre
June 1973
-------
Black Creek Study Area
Ctan.cL-'rdc urid Specifications;
Allen Co. SVJCI:
"Vsv<_ V '""'"^nt. or- pre^ervat :' on o4" ey_stin(-' rrarshes or
:'; rov-lTT.t'- -,Ti4'u.i','Ut .^r.r.t1^" il«-'jd T^a+er levels
vili be "'0 T>P7^ent <~>f the .Actual cost not
' > O^ ^v\^ O"f ir/it^rl COSt
vax.i ~'in ''/)S"i ^-hare - £? 10.00 r/er g'3'g ,9_^_ ;rg/ s>:^ar!d developed
or a"'trr, ir.df.d
islands, v,!.1! K,e. cos r; shared at VC percent of the actual
cost involved not to ^xcf^d 70 i^erce.nt o* the estimated
ccst .
I'mt Pr j CP - $50.00 per acre
"axir-ur ;'""'~f ^'"1r * ' Pr eC) ^dec] area served
JYacTj-CPs rire elipible ~or pay-rent when tiie work is completed.
June 1973
-------
645-1
-ic'! Creei- Stud" Area
^^ ^ z :' n f* . '~''1?:V; ", •;' lei] .' ^f :~-^
c^"-av i 1 ; t~ ' "'.;hr"i'irs cv-rrini:i : i
r^]-er. It "i]."i ''-.o^yV' r^n" -
or desired kinds of
tcc't'r-c fron ^i?"^5 nncl
1)O a'^'licaL.1. cj or, arv
-r the land i;:-e decision
'- J • - - >
~,--n r- .,..-•- -•-
., _ ty, en, ^
r.et oft^.--^ ^' 5r. O:T v1
c"e:, -rozn-'f-e rv-3:'e . ,->r.c. lat-
'U" :"a: , r,v t arl in "T.
crop. ;:v,- r?eld
-" . ''l "- area';.
1 -i; . • j ; i v' .' - ^,; ", ;r :-u.-r c!;er!"e
-------
645-2 ';i-ick Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
/-lien Co. SWCD
Nesti'iR cover especially needed in loi.u resource areas
which are prsdo:ninateiy cultivated or- r-psclv w-xxiland.
b. Use any adapted mixture of praises ana/cr lepumes and
allow sore native species to volunteer. A timctny-
clover mixture is recorrended if site is suitable.
Follow establisnment procedures in l^stin^ and Hay land
Plantinp, Specifications or Critical /,i.v,vi Plant: up
Specifications, Mow arxrat one-third (1/3) of tnt
sod areas each year, Rotate so tctcil area is covered
every three years. iMow after Aupust ] to control
brash, and to provide both short and tali herbaceous
cover for fall and winter use.
2. Woody Cover and Travel Lanes
a. Retain existinp brushv areas and hedgerows on up to 20
percent of the total land area. Such woody cover can
be improved by outtin? trees over t-JO (2) inches in
diameter arid retaining shrubs, briars, and vines,
b. In established woodlands leave trees, shrubs or vines
within the '40-foot border of the woodland next to open
land except mature merchantable trees, V/nen mature
traes are harvested, leave LOPS ^na l:jnts to foiv. a
loose brush pile.
c. Establish sinple or double row of shrubs at field edpes
or divisions alonr ditch oaiLr nestir.p
cover,, (For the Tree, snrub, anc s:-iis irformation, see
'.voodiand Technical Note *?6 - Plant inp >".-;u:de for 'Jrees
and Shrtit'S for Outdoor L" (,'inp).
e. Food
,oar suitable cover
:«.', -stc-L-llsh fcxxi
I.- r-i^. I/r ac;re in
si;!.(? usij.,' L-jr:^ whta^, ..c-.'b-.'-'n;-. , ^••"t:^^* ;n:>Let, buck-
wneat.. or :nixr,..i- '.it tht\,c .. r.• :•:,':: : •"/.. pj.ots -tnd allow
to lir fa!l»-/ '"n/ end .<•': •••:^ri. v;iv\-. i-:.v, ce.1!, cverseea
::;}i Vr-r>.,ji, or ot'ier -ir,.iuc !•=,•-* "••-•s.
-------
3. ConvertInp CroD.lej.J t^ .vildlirc
a. Pref-are a suaiar >e •""•eeji^ed and .lime and fert'.i^k.e u-
needro,
b. Establish aitern,-i e tr_r* of short and tali .'lerK.-ecou?;
("over "laic out a'_;';.-•.r. the r~lorv on or nc,"r the r""i'ou;.
:.ti'iTS -M" Short cr-.-j -^i,-.uid Se -ibcir. 50 to lOu '-"i--!
wide", .'inj talj co'V, dbG';,t 2S to !>J feet wick-. Is^
ler.JJ.T,1 rMxturo^ WOT'' :x">c-:; t r>].-', TVJ -dlow r->cyt? relive
c. 'w !-..e.l<->ctiver.' o'uv as needed tc cor:tiX)i noxiou;. weeds
and unwanted wcjod1' s;*vcies. Flusninp strips rrtiv ,^e
mowr. cir.nually fo1- ;'v;;;iinp. Avoid ntowinp dla tiie fieiu
at one cuttinp. "'r\: onj.y as needed ;3nd theii altonic"
strips on a tve -:-- --.ree -/-^ar interval,
d. Larper fields should include some ^tvips of txw c:v>ps such
as corr; or sorghum lor sumner loafi;H', dustinp, ^nd dryinp;
and for winter food.
e. Some woody cover should be available or established in
the form of clumps.., blocks, hedperows, fenceiws .,-r woodland
edpe.
B. Songbi'Tls
The Item A. specifications above are pood for sonpbird haoitat in a
rural landscaoe. Sonpbirds can be attracted to homesite?, by tree and
shrub plantinps. Plan a diversity of plant forms, food oroducers,
and shelter plants. Small lawns may limit choice to single specimen
plants to pet the variety preferred by birds. Locate some food pro-
ducers where they can be observed from a window, patio, or terrace.
Choose a variety of plants includinp some reported to have medium
or hipher "bird use" for best results. Also choose a few lor lenpth
of "months in cruit." Some1 attractive food producers art. prouped
below by rate of "bird use", and secondly thev are listec (within
proups) accordinp to their availability from nurseries.
SHRUB NAME
Cardinal Autumn Olive
Gray-Stemmed IJtopwood
Flowerinp Dopwood
Elderberry
Crabapple
Washinpton Hawthorne
Black Haw
HipJ-ibush Cranl)erry
Firetliom
MONTHS IN FRUIT
Sept.
Aup.
Sept.
Aup.
Sept.
Sept .
Aup.
S€!T)t .
Sept.
Seot.
- Fed. (b)
- Nov. (4)
- Fed. (6)
- Oct. (3)
- Apr. (8)
- Kay (a)
- Mar. (8)
- May. (9)
~ Kay. (9)
- Kav. (9)
Heavy
Heavy
Heavy
Heavy (\'t.rv)
Medium
Medi un
Mediuiri
Lipht
Li pnt
T irlrt
'^ i
June
-------
i'reok: btjdy Area
-' .s.X'ciflcations
Alien Co, SWCD
li: •;;-.? brr;hy areas, rershiands ; and existing hedge-
t;> u ;,n a sinpl'-- or double row of sumbs or conifers
•? ; i 3, a.lorsp citch bt.;;K,:-, or wa-jne^r v/.'rster1 cover
.- i-nes ;-.re r.eed';u. ^.e<.. e"?c•;i; Ic '-.LJc"; fcr Keciperow
:c" spacinr. ;'sc adaptec species su::h as red pine,
L. , :t?d cedar, No:"v;ay spruce, rrv' or .silky dos7/-7cod»
'_.•;•, jayor.ica lespedeza, or arru:'' l;.:-r.t,ysucxie. Multi
e -.s a paod wildlife uiant and r.tiy De ur,ed when
a bv intensively inaJidpeo lands such a?5 cropland and
riant will be manaptd to cor.trrx1. volunteer slants.
t'lan^ frxvi :iots near winter cover at least 1/4 acre in size
u£irv corn,, wheat, sorpAuin, buckwheat,, millet, or soybeans.
FOOL, pi-.tr- nay lie fallow 2nd and 3rd year. Use appropriate
cultv^rdi ".ic'cticcs in seedbeci ^reparation tind seeding.
Wni te-i.jl les jeer .and RuITeu (Arouse
Lu'-- anc' .^rcube are considered woodland s;>ecie.-.. IJorrtitl wood-
ier/; T/tactices such as harvest cuttinp on a rotation basis,
*ire rrotection and livestock exclusion ur.usally provide ade-
Fr.-
"anare !,-;ocdlands to favor oaks and fruit-bearing trees,
;?r,r> b^ end vines such, as dopwccd, peri:i.Tn;y~>r. 5 crabapple,
hai/t'^oi^.e, viburniims, smilax, fa id w:i ic; rrarx^. Tlr:courape
rhr'.: > arcj sprout proA't'": in v;ood i. -ind ^dpes »
'-'iar:*- trials .-ind ot.eninps to Ladir.o 7 lover, Korean les-
rojcz-i, or other adai-ted lepumes ; or f-ricoiu^ipe and main-
tain native arasse? and forbs .
Leave con-; unhar vested or plant corn 01 fo^d plots at
-------
645-5 -jidcV Cr-eek Utuciy Area
l'
-------
fer-.tr "" are i"or e^'.^Iishir.o a ii;:p,le o;> unable row of shrubs
wi.j.1 be- "-•'• or ':he ictua>- cc^t involved not to exceed 65% of
Cost snare for cl'xr::L plantings of conifers or shrubs will be
65% of nis actual ~ acr*i
v».^ acre
5. Converting Cr-'V-'-^-d to '/.Mjrl.ifc I^irid
Cosl s'p.are ^il?. be sO% of the ectlnarcr average cost of
Unit Price - ';?0,0i,! pc-i ..-'ere
Maximum C'^t Share - v:,r..O' oer ao/<-?
When orc^tect: on from J fv^r^-v-o-k is '•.ae'i-'d for lands planned for wild-
lire USF-, fer,cdJirr as ::^ 2.nr;-5-:i and inr/callec vill be cost shared in
accorxiance v.i !:h rrn.c*ice' M-72 Livestc"?}: Exclusion.
Practice w:.D be eligible for pavrtjnt when A'-ea is seeded or tress
and srr\iDf , = rie rl.-ii^.c-J ,.i,o i'oU-ct^d v.r'^je :ved°J.
-------
harveEtinp -ir.tut'e crcv t,r-ee;
peneration of desirable ^-p-rc
u haiV3Rt some rr far •*jrc:ev.".
.improve the condi txunv3 for ^oie
nanner that encoujapes t:>e ?<;^,<.?j
?j
in
ccnd iianr, fr.i rt'ts-
the si,e»
G and sy^tentiTJ.:-- uc.r'
!'easib'le fcjr •;-miyr'^rAr!f T->e
e, adequate pruxecti-ai iron f,_-c ;;;'.. ,i ./er-rr< • OKi'^t^t -, af
for remairiirig trees and fatuxv rvv-^*;;•.>>-,;: i.- . ,
us '^ or
-------
x , t JCy Area
•\;;.~i cations
size.
. ".'.,;,-.: controlled
•• -. ^iLt,_;ru size oi: area.,
.!i -t u^'wa.tite (thinning)
:iant tr-is In order for crop
:n ,%• '..;,, t!-ey need additional
,t=>;;.!-• . for this practice;
: •'•-,, -.; -materials are
i anple spaa; to
.ir.p :.f 1>8 should
L- ,r>-.. ,.-.t ciny
•rt....vt. •(.. ;.i\j--.ion ccsnrrol by
•i'.(i.^ , it rev De
'• •>- • insect buildup
-------
-------
improving- woodland L-y reufmnp >on:ne-"\VKtir:al/L« jr unwanted tree;:, snru
or vines.
Purppse
To ful-iy use the potential of a s...te; to rca mta-ir. plant cover fo
soil protection; to improve stand composition by leavinp trie be^
trees, spaced for test prowtiv, or to improve tie natural beauty,
wildlife, or recreation values of the area.
Whei^e Applicable
In a woodland *"here a stand of tre.es is owii-stocked or where de^ir-aLle
trees ore beinp (Crowded by less desirab-le tr«ej;, shrubs or vines i re
improve future crop rn^e quality and nainfriin najcirrBan wowtr. iv-tej ic
maintain "±ie ivatiirei.,, . riautv, wi'L-llife, a^stiietic , or hydrolopic vviiue^-
of an area,
Tnis rractire sfioula l», aipplied only or, sites -,:•„. \ro.rr,t rr gn ;x,ttsT.ti-,i
for wocdr~ crop prc/Juc"l.ci. (Sit-; - ind^x cf ;,oi-r ""J .
Remove or ceadtm tlie hoiiov., dt:ff r-'i-jc;., 1 nx.-- rvirr;.^,, nid'iUiX. , • v*;:.--
nature or undes iraDle rretT, , shnir-s •-/;i v- ;;''-• ".:•-!- • e.v r> ; ...o. or,.ij.sr. -•
oy cuttinr, pirtUinp,, or use of one, dcor;. . •' -;- •, : x^ ' t _.so.,: ir. ;v~r--
fcrroinF triis practice must be federal""/ .--,, _• •-:-..-/ ;t-r'l:,ceiv.cl it.;,. ';'
by -lOpl.Lea '- ^r-ictlv ir r'icco.rxiance- wit; a »•-!">.. :-i^.-.'.' '*i>'^ •-.!'- -r^td ut-t:- ,
direct;. ,ru, o;, rhe latt.'! , and other fe:ivr\- : ..v.- ,- t;Vi-,; :vjj.i cier'; ,ir«d I'.uiu
rrents , J
Thir. practice also incl'jii*?.^ t-ie fericv.-iL .-- ;.',.,-. . i jo- i-viii/- :,:*»:;.
tc favor1 h.Lpit qualilv tive;;, O.-'iT^r': i -' -. ,..' „:;:.: > . \ ,••;•, I;!M •. ^.' fe-' A
si .nj- 'I. '/.I. plot-;, -.1 4l)~fy.':
;-, :, , >i««-',-,';:. , -.IT u:vi: •,>ater1 ar>.'-'!
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B66-2 31ar- fVw' 7f<,'d" /
Standards and Spec:/ . \cati
rv',e '..'oodl^rd ; serve as ar. exoeller, t NX-,-; .jr. ;. . - • -; •: -' •••.•
rTid contribute to the be^utv of thr- corruruf. rlari-t K . :« • , :,y -,
redbud, viburnurs , black njr, su^ar rapie, nerviceberr"' , ^s- c'/
surac, virrinla creeper, bittern. ?eet , etr., ""';ould V- er;;\";i>vi°e
border area,
The cutt.nip- or killin^ of vines Rhouid ,-e accorplisiic-d • .cir: vineo
inter ^erinr with rrnr-rth of trees briviri" corrorcial vaiuf •, ^nioe vir
have hin-h '-rildli^e value and nhould not be removed Fror d(?adt c .ill
trees, and ones beir/T chemicallv }.:L";lec%
Tl'iirs practice nay also include the rerovai o^ heavlantF , fish, or other wildlife, and they mav con-
tarr.inate nearby crops, and other vegetation. Follot-' directions and
heed all precautions listed on the container label.
Cos t- Sharinr
Cost-sharin.r will be 80 percent of the avorare cost of $20,30 per
acre: when perfomed accordinr to the above speci f f.cationf- and accor-c!-
inr to the recomendation o^ the Service rorester, Divr'^ion of Forestry,
Indiana Department of Natural "He sources.
Unit Price = $20.00 per acre
raximur Cost-Share Rate = $16 .00 per acre
Practice is elirible ^or- oost-sh-ir*5 rihen all recoirrender! T.S.I, "orh
eted ,
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560-1
Black Creek Study Area
Standards arvJ Specifications
Alien Uo. 3WCU
fjfcO WOODLAND PRUNING (.Acres)
Removing all or parts of selected branches from trees.
Purpose
To improve •• • ,':.Uity of the wcxxl product or the appearance of trees.
Where Applicable
On lands growing trees where the quality of the final product and the
Dctantial of the site justify the cost.
Specifications
A. Pruning to improve quality of butt logs.
1. Species
a. Black, walnut, white pine, and red pine should be pruned
when grown in natural stands of plantations.
b. Tulip poplar, shortleaf, and loblolly pine in fully stocked
stands do a good job of natural pruning, and should not be
recommended for this practice.
c. Pole-size quality hardwoods may be approved for pruning by
the Service Forester.
2. Tree Pruning
a. Do not prune all trees. Select straightest and tallest
crop trees with 3 to 7 inches D.B.H.
b. At first pruning, remove branches from the lower 1/2 of
the tree.
c. After initial pruning., do not remove over 1/3 of live
crown in ary subsequent operation. Continue at 2 to 3
year intervals until 17 foot of clear length has been
pruned .
June 1973
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660-2 Black Creek Study Area
Standards and Specifications
Allen Co. SWCD
f\, All limbs removed should be cut with a saw, and cut made
flush with trunk*
e. JY-uninp on pines can 'be performed at any time of the year
without damage to the tree. Recommended time is October,
November, and early December, as market exists for boughs
at this time.
Cost Sharing
Cost sharing, will be 80% of the actual cost not to exceed 80% of the
estimated cost, when performed according to the above specifications
and according to recommendations of the Service Forester.
Unit Price s $30.00 per acre
Maxijnum Cost Share = $2*4.00 per acre
Practice is eligible when all recommended pruning work is completed.
June 1973
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HOIL A? T) WATEP CONSEPVATIO; ! PESEAPCH
"AIIFILATO'1*
"oyer and Jen-' ", Banner in r
The development of ruroff and erosion control T rinr - pies rr,d '<
pues requires an understanding oc mar.v relevant factors -.'ur: as '_r~''
slope, CTODS and rar.a^erent. The rainulator, a field-'let "~. TrcatrTT."^^
are subjected to natural rainfall for neriods o^ sufficient lenpth to
obtain representative samplings of rainfall patterns. Such studies have
affected najor advances tovard a better understanding and evaluation of
the soil and water conservation features o^ ran" land-use conditions.
''any other conditions for vhich indorsation is needed have not beei\
studied because of the cost and tire involved and the uri^'ejihood that
conclusive results could be obtained for less than ID tc 2u vears .-iftc-r
initiation.
VJith rainfall simulators, runof^ and erosion researe''• ir.forration
can be obtained nore rapidly and efficiently. Various tyres have been
developed (see discussion in Pe^erences 3 and 4), hut nost v;ere develop-
ed priria.ril\7 for infiltration studies, 'lo readil1,7 ;;x-)rtable desf.rrs \-ier^
found vhr'c?-. were veil suited ^or conventional-sized n^ni"cc '^lots and
caraJile of producinn- drop characteristics closelv a^proachin" those c,c
intense natural ra.inpall. The ^a5 r.ulato->- resulted Cvvy" v.\ invest"i "at ivr,
to develop an apparatus f-ritli the above nro^^rties rl\r ,-."-'--;y -"^ai'j^o"
''hicli are desj.r?Lble •'"or s<~o'l and '.'ater conserx'-it'' or. re;:-(-:irc"..
T}ie design oc the "'ainulator '.'as ^reccK'.e^ 1 ' an ~:'~^-'.c :\<^ :;•/,«• 3ti-
^ation of -^ast rar^.-Pall sirulators and tests o^ various f^-.'S rr -X-I-TS;Mo
rethcds and equinpent, (2). The selected ^ethod ^or ~ro":':c"'nr ;-,ipnl-=.Tod
ra.indrops incluces ^lat-t'^e sn^a" nozzles \''-,ich. s^r-v d^T-'zn: r:".T~ a
hei~ht o^ 8 feet as thev r^ve across the rQots. " y? r-]^-'~ "•' ''~"^'.r Is
'•'•' Contribution frcr rh.Q Soil and V'ater "or-ervati -T- ""• :arc "!
Agricultural research Ter^c'cG, I'.S. Department of "'-"r'cv.'.ture, ; r
eration with the Purdue Arricultural Ex^e^iment Stat-'~v ,, 'V-;rr.--1
Paver 'Io. 1619.
:'.-.'.- -\r-ricult\iral Engineer and Soil Hciontirf, "-:'s-->e;ct-''v. •*, •-
-T -'ot t c, Tnciiajia.
-------
.^rtr-o1 -; lo batterv. rih" :> rr.;-~ i
the nozzles are sra
" r"s.
-t;::
'^rf?''. : lotr
12 •'"not *;-'r'o !"r
ch -w 6 t-r 8 'Vio-t; ''f.-v, "* ~T'-T.] 1 ir-r5 r~- L "'.^''
orr!" ."•.:;'(-" f.^ !'-') ^r>: ft thr ^Iry rv;to rer u.T-er1,
lie rarMilator dofi? not embody thn racJian/.crO ^:'r;:l'c-'i:'- --v.ir" - -a;,
.initial!-- a::-f\\c:.:-nt^:' *or it. Mrf:or>r^rnl;', ^on^ ^elatdv:.""." c. - :-lox
corronents '.--ere !JTOJ -v^t'^er t!"\ar: sacr^-'cc den?' red oivuvir:tr;r":'~tics. '..';•<"-
irvterrr'ttent r.pr-cvlr ^ o<~ the rKV.zlec '.vis r.ecess-ir" iri ITV":':V;; --."••' t^
nuch lo^er raten o^ Mnetic ener^7 or T^IC^ ''r^ater cTT^l.icat:'^:, 'iitonr-i-
tdes. Tlosc ohaorvrit-'on of tir''7', ir.terr5tteiic'? oc a^p]ic>;t'or 'ias not
indicated unden ,' ?^ayj e H rre.ctr- ,
/•ll rainulator cor'T^neritP ^ere de^i^neci ^or raoid af^serJ-ly a; id ease
of transportation. '-Jei^it and corrosion '.;ere ninirized bv us.nicr aluninur
wherever possible. Associated er'uiprent "'s also cor.pletel" ^ort-V lo
arid readilv assenbled.
Operat i on
Durir-n- a rainulator stud.", each plot is subjected to a series of
simulated storrs, or runs. These are applied at des.irod ^pr'-'od'-. anc1
are o^ selected duration corresponding to stonrs r-'i t'i h"1' -'h r'"v"irvx:-?:re in-
tervals. Tie series o^ runs rn?;t cornrionly used a"^3 a 6D r'nuto ""Ir"/"
run at the exist in^ moisture condition, a 30 -linute "'--et" rur approx-
inatelv 24 hours later, and a 30 minute "vertr ^et" ^un ':>'----' :.i '::•• 15
ninutes after tre end of the ^et run. The interr-- f..' o^ ?]: v-r^ >--, ~^-
hour ir- used throughout the three runs. Ti.is se.v^'e", of run o:\---v"" -i
vide ran^n o_^ roisture conditions, is efficient to a^pl", ^r.d r\-p Ke
accurately reproduced on other ^reatT^lents or studie^. hase^ or. e^^'stin^
in^ori-ation, coribi nations of intensities oc^er no kro'Ti ij^^or: Hi. r;hc
'^cil cor/tent or the runoff is -^eterriined ^ror1 sanples of th^ ruro"-*" r,.'hic''
arc r^viodicail''r collected by a r^npli.np slot on a small rot^T.irr -;hee].
T?irtorran]is of eac1"' plot are talcn prior to each stud\' and at ott.er
appj-opr.iate tines for later w-^rence concerr.inr conditions not
at the tine -^ the ruris.
-------
-•'.nt - *
condition
"•"';. 'l:.^ cari !'e roT".l.'cl:!to.-' ~r. s-'"I -fi:1v.:.it.:.or. i "hich v,;r
' " "j ~ ~L' ' ~riri ""c^ ^""ir1! ~' Or) ~! 1~ ' r'-n-'l t i.'';"r'<''.'"]''c; -!."(• not Tirv.
.., ,„_ ., , ..^ .,1~t,~ or ^n^jji-,^ i"1^"1' Tr."?l.l 'r e 1 ir 2 r '?"*:'-"""', .
twelve • = ->;. u^tnr unit'- :-T!:ich r-r^ *>]'ic:"cr.tl'" in unc in Indi-ir;a
..y ->,.- V f" ••1~;:'ch iir> OT.C" i 75 -"c^ot lor.c cr n:':' ^lot? whicrt
^- , -- ^ t '' r ^~ ^p^-'t i ^v "''^I^^'L"" -"f -' "i^p'-"''; "t"v'- 4''r"p (ri^^ '^"^Tc^ "P(^1 r j I ^
L- - '-_', . ' _--,]r~. ' ;r:r- cr t";~'; '"! """t'^r "il?'tr" also ' Grr^it:"; tvic
-';• ' - ...... :.thin a c~-'- "-,oi:r-. ""^-: '.r'~ -' - particularly a'-Vor
<~ v" c,'~" - "".! "^r <~*f \\~* tn T' t "." "* "i rv/ vi 1 1~ ^ • ?V'i" t'ij^; "yoc'^'^ur'? s 'jriil"
'""t;- ;~T; ,-^r— icte Lnf":;lt>-,itJon data i'; obtained ciurir^ rainulator
n <-cour-io" •
ater
-------
Research .'Result£
Fach series of rainulator runs producer; a large amount of data*
The collected data is analyzed during the period of the year when rain-
ulator runs cannot be conducted., The results are used to determine prim-
arily the rates and amounts of soil loss, infiltration, and runoff during
each run. Various other characteristics can also be studiede
Certain types of studies are better suited than others for rainula-
tor research. Shorties of residue management, relative erodiability of
soil types, methods of tillage, crop sequences, and rainstorm energy
and intensity effects can be studied effectively. Other studies such
as those involving freezing temperatures or tall crops are less suited
due to simulator or treatment characteristics.
Numerous studies have been conducted using simulated storms applied
by the rainulator, and important research information has been obtained.
Brief summaries of some of the investigations follow,
A detailed study of the various methods of minimum tillage (plow-plant
with and without smoothing and plow, wheel-track plant), as compared to
conventional tillage (5) was initiated in 1959. Results from runs during
the initial year indicated that minimum tillage for corn increased the
amount of infiltration by 50 percent shortly after planting, by 20 per-
cent after the first cultivation,and by 10 percent at harvest time.
The minimum tillage treatments had higher infiltration rates throughout
all runs. Minimum tillage also reduced the soil loss by 35 to 50 per-
cent during each of the above periods. Soil losses at harvest were
relatively minor as compared to losses at the earlier crop stages.
Differences between the various minimum tillage treatments were not
significant during the initial year, Cultivating the minimum tillage
treatments twice as compared to no cultivation was also studied. The
cultivations eliminated severe surface crusts, greatly increased the
infiltration, and significantly reduced the soil loss. This study will
be continued for d total of five successive years of corn.
In another study, erosion from cornstalks as left by a picker and
from shredded cornstalks (1) were compared. The shredded stalks re-
duced erosion from the intense storms by 60 percent. Disking of the
shredded stalks increased the amount of infiltration, but soil loss was
greater than from the shredded-only treatment.
Other rainulator- studies have indicated that (1) deep tillage is
ineffective in reducing erosion when the channels are not kept open to
the surface„ (2) a small amount of surface mulch greatly decreases
erosion, (3) the credibility of some soils is affected more by manage-
ment then by soil type, (4) the first year of corn in a rotation pro-
duces less eorsion then the second year of corn in the same rotation,
(5) erosion from row crops following bromeprass is less than erosion
from row crops following alfalfa for the first 2 or 3 years, and (6)
benefits from previous meadow crops are insignificant after 2 or 3
years of row crops. More deta:led information will be obtained from
further studv of these and cth<>Ti characteristics.
-------
l/-- - pred ; e"_ '> r. ^n
<"
no1"
c
-Tri.r-p. "it1 ' t'ricul'tu'i:"'-1
v."i ^n J. -irv- :.r. variru1
'"/•": t"' ••" 'nerit^. or nanv
natural
'': "-in^ll, (To 1.^ T^r^r'cnt' /! -"•-
~ •" <*rr'ror^', O'Jca-T, 111, fir.;' '-'
-r.r Ki"-t
.b. .-il, 7
'; 'r, Use o4' ^ r
-------
•. _ .lare-
-------
'ices
'"I ut iva t. ?.nr.
-------
Incorporatinr herbicide and insecticide in the 8-ir.ch strip provides
^ood pest control in the row. Fowever, chemical weed control between
the rows has sometimes been poor. Sone farmers use the rotary nschine
•^or full-width tillage, but this increases power requirements and
erosion hazards, "olunteer corn and curbersone turninr when pull.inr a
planter are problems in sore fields.
P'ide-Strir Tillage (Till-Flant faster)
rlantinr in a pre- formed rid^e with the tail-plant syster, allows
earlier rlantinr then other no-plow systers. ''oil in the ridrre dries
out and reaches ^errinatinp temperature ahead of non-plowed soi" s with
a level surface profile. Our 1968 experiments show excellent stands
for the till -plant svsten on all soils. Chemical weed control has been
food with this svsteri. Erosion control "potential is, excellent '.'hen
ridres ro across slopes.
We have noted sore di^ficultv in keepinp the disc hiller-t%a>e cul-
tivator centered between ro-^s when ^orrinr ridres. Other types of cul-
tivators ri"ht be ro->"e successful when soils are cloddy,
1'illa^o or "No-Till" rlantinr
ITsn o-f" the ^lutPf1 coulter to till a 2.5 inch strip for each ra:
allo\'Ts earl'/ rapid nlantin- r;itl- low power reouirenents. Per cent stand,
nlant <~ro"th , ancj w-^ed control, ho\^ver, have o^ten been less satisfactory
than with conventional till are. 'Tsinr a disc ahead of the "no-till"
planter should h.o";T' to ircorr>orate ^^esidues and chericals but ray not
solve the weed control oroblers. One hundred to 200 pounds of extra
i'eir'it i^er ro^7 or: the planter a^'dn penetration of the coulters "'i. dense
so?' 1 anc] should i"p>x>ve stand.
Tr-.is syster, '-/ith residues left on the surface, cuts soil 'loss to
a rinirur, but ma\' provide poor water intake due to the cori^acl • d sur-
face on r^ediur- textured soils,
"e search at the Purdue Arronorv rarr at La^avette lias shown that
root nTJwth in the compact soil resultinr fro;:1! 6 vears of "no-til
"
ir war. severely reduced connared to corn roots '-'ith con volitional
tillage. The ejects o^ th^ srailor root system on fertiliser anc " :ater
uptake h" the corn -ol-ints are r/v.- leinc- studied.
^eneral Corr'ents
Pe'- nrobler.s wei^e encountered with all no-*)lov; tillare systeir.s on
lirhter soils such as sandy lo-p'-s. On heavier soils, better rana^errent
•^nd sore efHjiyTient adartations na" be necessary to control \7eecs, T.re-
duce adecuate stand^ and maintain \7ield notential.
Purdue research indicates that sur^ace-ap.plied phosphonjs ancJ
'xvtassiir" rerair.e'' in the top f.-'o indies and ootassi\ir remained in the
too ~!o ii.chos of soil after six years of no tillare. Such rnothods as
chiselirv, rotar" tillage, ridrinr and discin^ orf?;r sone incorr
-------
to about ~o\ir inches, but far less than deer plowim*. This indicates
that soils vhich are lovj in fertility should be built up to a medium
or hicrh soil tes~: level before switchinrr to shallot.1 til 1 are.
Soil test in fr in non-plowed fields should serar.-vtel'' represent
tilled and untilled portions of the soil profile, ^eplotion of
phosphorus or potassium, in the naior part of t'ie root zone ray indi-
cate the need for Deriodic plowinp.
In tne lonp :nin, ouestions concerning insect and disease problers,
fertilizer placerent, and the effect of soi]. density on root develop-
ment rust be answered to properIv evaluate the no-r.lo'-.7 systems.
-------
Section Ten
EXHIBITS
-------
SUCf
y r
ORS
xj-r.ut've Park Suit* 103 ?01(> ,'iwood Pi-,'e
422-3373 or 422-613.1, txr
' f urther i'"o3ire to ''•e-'ore a cooperator in the i .''ntij. ; : .: sc. ' • ' • •>
.' tud" rrom-ar-. T there roro, ror'ucjst assistance thit -:i !/; hej • ; .
1 and ur,e c-'.i'l treritnont ilcfir.iom '.hero needed an--.,'or in > "• •>,. -
• IK' cf)n'-(.'i"".'!t.j on ' irac"1' i r e1;- needed on '^"j "i^nd.
J der^ijr to dcveloy a roiiscrvntion r>lan on r\' land '.:j t > ,1. ^L.tf-ii
f'oj ] r'rMis'.-rvationi st nvailoli^e fror- the dJGtrict< ri. i :- r . nru. rve;
'.'jll r'i ell out the finrnoial a:;r>istance thrt v.'i.ll ?;e > * ;•: i ;', ]>• t--
li;sta] j r,t .ion of t'ic rrretir:f:s nntil the end of t;it.> t r ••••,->} u-',-r,io;j
Tt t
i Ji.il'j '!(.// S
i ) i fvT K t
cn.n-a 4b/'l/
FbRSONNEL
''':•.: coiir-e: vatinn plnn '.'ill not constitute a contract l-t twee;, tiu- co^
ar d the district. ^"iir, conr.ervation plan doen not re-quire r>< io f.cv
•*
Ji. the oost-sharinn nro(trar> nor docs it ol/lioatc the t^isii ic1. t r- f\, ;
cc'r>t-shrriiK' to the ooonerator.
In order to receive; cont-nhrrina on nracticcs idontii
j-] an further ner*ot iations het\,reen the district and r~"<
into a ler-al contract rot eoBt-shar i nn.
i \;il] orar-t district r c]-resentativer; tiie rir-ht to .u.
land durinq the jieriot.' of thj r; aarcenent, for tie i-i-i
veys, and plannino, ir;:,tallinr- and insncctina a:';lie<
1 undcr.st and the heli ' receive vil] be dej.er.dcnt on t ji- ,u,jl)ty of the
district to SU55T-]-/ th.r servicer;. The.se r.crviccn .include • uch itcr . a;. :
nurvo" r ,T^S and inter; •; etation.s, aiid technical af,s3! .-.net ^or , ,nm.ii'-,
."r; ."lyjn- and r'GJ ntaird r:r con^ervati on nracticas.
J.eit'if • *.ie Dio'ti'ict no? J \;J1] be .'I ialj] c for d"ir\jr'e . :_
1 i
or r"<5c:onduct.
TiUlA' '. .'
r.'!o'r; cocjpercitive afreei''nt. ',;ill f e cor t,.e initial ;H i io< t irojoh f'ctt''."
.V)/7 ''ollovinn signature by lioth partier, and continu-' in effect until 1
t i« cij'.trict canccils J " eivinr- sixt" (CO) daws nr.tie-^ in writir f . r '••
' c>nnect : -^n "ith the irtoert'/ terninate.
-------
t nerutive Park Suite iC3 - ?0 ; U In •»•,/• MO [h
422-'J,?73 >i 3:'7:-6!?
nr.oir
cootT'iATOP DISTRICT :v n rr.:"-r
.,-.--,,-. L'L.ACK CT":n: SLI?T?'I:T;T 3':t'D< r^-vr: .
- do.3j re to coonerate *,*ith the Allen Count/ '"oj.,, t.nd
t'-ict in 3eh:e'-\ia its soil and v,'fit:or ecnso} \ estioa oh j
----- Oj.'r«!'p '"'iiroi to hccone a coonerat:>r in t':,. '.'i^tvict i'-l
'. ;^i'- : ipnrcr r.U'l, ro^'jast'" flsslstanco that •• III r,' '_•' Ln r
trcat^'t-'riC deci.~ii")nG i.'lierc noedoti and/or ].;i a^^l'1; *•.<• ;:nc' ; r.
t ion rr _ic':irer:- nn«c:Gf1 or. our land:-,
'f .'-""ire t<"> -3 eve lop ;i con.qrrvati or, !:l,.r '~,n our "',-;.: ;'-'.'-\
'"!" !~ ~mc"', vrv;.! onirt avodlablc frcn f.^c ^ : •.• t r:i cr , ': j •> i.o'
;;. -: '. • '".t t'.'C con^rrvntion T'^acticorj :iue t.'.p. ir'o-int of financial assiiJtance the-/-. ',.iil ! -:• ivnJjah
chi, : n.^t?].] ntion of t.ie nrricticei until tlio one1 >"r t'nc ' .- • r
i'rct--''jt; t- 197"?} ,
'.-;.- ccr.o>fcrvat..on '^3 an fill not constitute a cort---».cb I..:"., .7
':'...-• fJ.ntn.ot. Tiiis conservation jilJij ucco rot r cruise rhc.-
iii *;;':: co";t-"li ir: nn proarar nor doc-; it o-. 1 i •-• att the.- dit.T-.
r t - ;-• ^
I: order to receive cor;t-5>harinn on •'••; act i.cc.; i-Ur.rj icd in t'-,-".-
"Ian f'irth.er nu<-otiationn let'.'een the I'iarriet or.n the -;tor.r ';!
to enter into a lenal contract fr^r oo^t-nhar: /••>.
",'c >'i.ll i-.-rant cit'trict representative" the ri"'-.t t -r.nr>-''-, '.",/!
land durif" the i eriod of thin aoreenent, for -,'-•• 'virpo--/ •-• cos
vc;''., a- ti r.IinrLn^, in.^t.-: l.lina and inr,;:rct xr'r -•; ] . . .. c ;••--*•
o .- o understand t',i?t tlie heli received \;.ill i.^ d.ti-o .---j r -• . .(
'?. stric1, -.T: •- v.i ^-1 v the Gcrvico.c:. ^"honc • cry'.•,'"•. • -- ' > " • .
^i^'vc1' '" ;v ^ i!!;' int ore ept a.on.c>« arid tGchr^~*r>l a - !
•'" .-::•'" r a ;-taininr; conservation Tiicticof*.
--.:; corycranivc aareenent ".rill 1.5 tor the --n...! i
i-i'7"1 fo.Jo;ir.'7 sion.atirre by l:oth '--rTtae;; and i.-r'i'
croup oj; the c':'strict cancels iv' fivnu- s-'x.',:" . "-•'
,-,,. ,.. c"n!V;r:tinn .-'ith the ^ro'"crt" terrr-'1 \~~.t~ ,
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to
II - "err^ y.d Conditions
"•.'' 'jr.derrj: rr.;V and alovo-narod coo^eratorn I'orebv a<~r<";eF to • .art ic^'ratr-
^<: Hlao], Croe> Hed;ir"cnt f'.l ur'" Project and fullv understands t'".al .:i;> ;;ar-
pc, to ("-^v-rp-.r ,-v.i-*-, on the or^ratinr unit described :n Tart ;, ho-TVO*", ia:.d
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•"V-. ; reek Study Area
i --i County SWCD
APPLICATION FOR PA
FOR COST-SHARE
UNS3ER THE BLACK CREEK
STUCtf PROGRAM
Tovmship_
Section.
Contract No.
1 (we) certify that the following information is true and correct ana that
the identifiable unit for which cost share is requested was carried out and
oerfoKmed in accordance with the specitications and provisions of the above
uutabared contract; as required attder th* Black Creek Study Program.
Specified Conservation Practices i*#rformed
r,t ! ; (g) ; GO
Average jCost j Amount
Co&t— -5 iSharej Earned
;Rate |
i
r
|_ . , 1 . . . . .
L_.__
1
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TOTAL AMOUNT EARNED} $
And I (we) have completed form SBA-363 listing in-kind contributions for the
above work.
COOPERATOR'S NAME
S I GNATURE
ADDRESS
DATE
> certify that the identifiable unit specified in the above application has
been properly carried out, meets the standards of the Black Creek Study Pro-
gram specifications and that the Cooperator is in compliance with provisions
•-' the above numbered contract.
'A>3 District Conservationist,
,ate Contracting Officer
-------
TRANSFER AGREEMENT
BLACK CRCEK STUDY
Black Creek • >&'•::•? Area
rC,]?n Conrstv SVCj
PRESENT a)OP£RATOR(S)
'"* NAMF, AND"ADDRESS
Townsnip
Section
Contract No.
NEW COOFERATOR
-------
SUaek C«*Si Study Ar«s Section
/Ulan Co, SWCD Contract~NoT
AGREEMENT COVERING HON-COffLIMCE
V/I7M PROVISIONS OF CONTRACT
CoQperatog Address
1. DETAILS OF NON-COMPLIANCEt
2. NATURE AND EFFECT OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH PROVISIONS OF CONTRACT
(CHECK APPLICABLE BLOCK)
a. warrants termination of the contract-contract terminated
b. does not warrent termination of the contract-contract not
terminated
3. FORFEITURE, REFUND OR PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT" (SET OUT FOR COOPERATORTEAMED
AT TOP OF PAGE)
4. ACCEPTANCE OF COOPERATOR
The undersigned hereby agrees that, under the above identified, Black
Creek Study Program contract, his forfeiture or refund or payment ad-
justment shown in paragraph 3 above is proper and any amounts in con-
nection therewith, as indicated in paragraph 3 above are due and owing
by him. The undersigned also agrees to the nature and effect of non-
compliance with provisions of the contract as set out in paragraph 2
of this form and waives the right to any further proceeding under the
regulations governing contract violations.
signature date
5. APPROVAL
contracting officer date chairman SWCD date
-------
f!OTICE OF CGfiTPSCT VIOLATION
Black Creek Study Proqram
BCS-8 Township
Black Creek Study Ares Section__
Allen Country SWC^D Contract
Name oft_Coogei jit or Ad^reiJs of Cooperati.1*"
You arc hereby notified that information has been received which indicates
a violation of the above-identified Black Creek Study Program contract as
follows:
You may obtain a hearing before a hearing officer by the Chairman of the
Allen SWCD respect to such violation if you file a written request tor
such a hearing in the office of the Allen County SWCD,
(Address) (City) (State)
not later than 30 days after you receive this notice. If you request such
a hearing, the hearing officer will notify you in writing of the time, date
and place t;et for the hearing. You may be represented at such a hearing and
will be given a full opportunity to present facts and information relevant
to the alleged violation, including oral or documentary evidence, 1? you
fail to recuest a hearing within the time specified above, you will have no
further ripht to a hearing officer.
Request \ < • information concerning this notice ot- tlvc- alleged vf.o3stiors sneul c
he referred to the al.ovc mentioned SWCD office.
(C'osit rai ting 0 *•: ~;
-------
CONTRACT STATUS F£H)RT
BLACK CREEK STUDY
Township
«i:. Creek Studv Area Section
of
1. Program in carrying out contract:
2, Waivers or modifications needed in contract:
Date
lien County SWCD Contract No,
Name of Cooperator(s):
of
(Designated SCS Technician)
-------
Creek St:,dy A tea
CO. SWCD
iJOTICE (F COhWT TERniMTION
BUCK CREEK STUDY
Township
Section
Contract No.
OPKKATING UNIT NUf'BER
You are hereby notified that in accordance with the regulations set forth
in the Black Creek Study Program Handbook that,, contract number i____a_
is terminated, effective
The reason for termination isj
A refund of cost-share payments made under the terms of the contract is
required. Vou will be informed of the amount of the refund and how it;
is to be made by the Allen County Soil & Water Conservation District,
Executive Park - Suite 103, 2010 Inwood Drive, Fort Wayne, IN 4600r-,
PROJECT ADMINISTRATOR
-------
i*re«crib«d by Stats Board of Ac.-ounUi BrS- ' "
REPORT OF IN-KIND MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS
For period beginning „. , IS. and ending
TV „_„_ ; , ... Project No
(State or Federal Agency)
From: ..._.__._„._ . „ Project Title
Form No 848 Ui*'<0)
155
19
(Contributing Agency)
(Governmental Unit)
_„ County Public Law No
(If Applicable)
This report must be itemized to show: Kind of service, dates when rendered, by whom, rate per day, number of hours, rete past
r, price per foot, per pound, per hundred, etc.
Date
19——.
By Whom Re*d»-r*d
i
Kind of Service and Realization
1 hereby certify that the foreguiag account is just and correct, that the items and amounts reported were
used specifically for the above described project and that no part of same was used in, or reported as in-kinc"
matching contributions to, any other project.
(Signature)
(Title-.
-------
mmt DICK mi
or
a#^^
ITEMS REVIEWED
i« Comparator is eligible and has control cf the operating
unit for the required contract period.
2. Land is eligible and qualified as an opera's ii\$ wile,
3, Has all or any part of
vious BCS contract.
unit been under a pre
4. Priority for participation shown on BCS-1,
B. PLAN OF OPEFATIONS/TIME SCHEDULE OF LAND USE AND TREATMENT
1. All fields and acreage accounted for.
»**r»
2. Planned treatment is compatible with technical guides,
Plan contains all essential practices scheduled in
proper sequence and agrees with the conservation
nap « i
4.
5.
Contracting Officer certifies that the plan iiwtets ob-
jectives of the program.
SWC0 Board has been given opportunity to review.
C. CONTRACT
1. Conservation plan map included, and shows field r,,usrJbers»
acreage and: land use.
2.
3.
Soil and land capability maps and legends included as
applicable.
Practices, identifiable units, cost-share rates, average
costs, ar*d specified maximum costs are in accordance with
current .approved lists of practices,, cast-shard rates,
and costs.
!_ —j
i
I
=
;
_
4. Period of contract is within the applicable limitation.
5. Total coast-share obligations are within liru taticnf; as
allowed in the BCS Handbook.
Contract item numbers assioned for ail pra-.:tic2s
identifiable units.
?» Ccoperator has signed form BCS-3 and has author!t/ £o
B i qn.
REMARKS
Date Checked and Initials of D.C«
Date Checkftd and Initials of C-O.
-------
"if""-'! '•
PIACK CTFK sLTCfr sniry ram
CERTIFICATION PORT
THAT I HAVE CAFTIEP GOT 71 1C PRACTICE OF
DO IIEREFY CERTIFY
in THE NIMH OF ACCORDir;r TO
?TAiinARir> .ATJD r,pr.ciPiCATiori in rv CONSERVATION PLAN AND ACcoRDir;r
TO TIE PROVISION OF PIE CONTRACT VET'-'EEfl fYSCLF ,^!D THH ALIL!
rvyrrry c^TI ° ''ATT n ril'^r'^'ATirr1 ^TCTn
<-• '. .«I > • JIL n IL UJ. <-A.' ., I i>', i .-K>!.
;irriATUR2 DATE
-------
BCS-14
which is the anount he bid for Oio r^r •• tru<-t.i--i
I will nake payr«nt as follo\vr; s
subject to technical appro-.-,-1 -* trr,--;-!-. *-.i---n
Soil Conservation Service ^•-•p^. •: .
signature of owner
constrnci: t'iie '-j "^
ability ;md accorr: •
l^ndovmer.
sionaturc op contractor
-------
-------
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