United States Office of Air Quality EPA-453/B-93-043
Environmental Protection Planning and Standards September 1993
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Air
EPA N A T I C H
NATIONAL AIR TOXICS
INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE
Bibliography of Selected Reports
and Federal Register Notices
Related to Air Toxics,
Citations: Volume 7
September 1993
in conjunction with
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials
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EPA Contract No. 68-D1-0125
Work Assignment No. 2-16
EPA-453/B-93-043
NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE:
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTED REPORTS AND
FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICES RELATED TO AIR TOXICS
VOLUME 7: CITATIONS - 1993
FINAL REPORT
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Ch;cc.£0, 1L bOo04-3JJ.j
Prepared for:
Vasu Kilaru
Work Assignment Manager
Emission Standards Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
September 1993
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
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PREFACE
In response to State and local agency requests for air
toxics information and to support these agencies in their air
pollution control efforts, the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency has developed an information dissemination center, known
as the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH).
The design and implementation of NATICH has been conducted in
close coordination with the state and Territorial Air Pollution
Program Administrators (STAPPA) and the Association of Local Air
Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO).
The purpose of this bibliography is to provide State and
local agencies with citations of reports and Federal Register
notices useful in developing and operating air toxics control
programs. The reports selected for this bibliography were
published by the following agencies: U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), National Academy of Sciences (NAS),
National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) including the National
Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH), Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR), Consumer Products Safety Commission
(CPSC), and World Health Organization (WHO) including the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Relevant
reports published by various State and local agencies are also
included in this edition. This edition of the bibliography
updates the cumulative bibliography previously published by
NATICH, Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal Register
Notices Related to Air Toxics, seven volumes: Volume 1:
Citations (July 1987); Volume 2: Citations - 1988 (July 1988);
Volume 3: Citations - 1989 (July 1989); Volume 4:
Citations - 1990 (July 1990); Volume 5: Citations - 1991
(July 1991); Volume 6: Citations - 1992; and Index - 1992
(July 1992). The citations selected this year were compiled from
sources available through January 31, 1993.
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The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse plans to
continue to update this bibliography on a regular basis. Other
NATICH publications include:
• National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Ongoing
Research and Regulatory Development Projects,
EPA-453/R-93-042, NTIS number not yet available,
September 1993;
• National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: NATICH
Data Base Report on State, Local, and EPA Air Toxics
Activities, EPA-453/K-93-041, September 1993;
• National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
Newsletter, a bimonthly periodical, 50 issues to date,
December 1983 - May 1993;
• National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Case
Studies in Risk Communication, EPA-450/5-88-003,
PB89-104277/XAB, June 1988;
• National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal Register
Notices Related to Air Toxics, seven volumes plus an
index in two parts:
Volume 1: Citations - 1987, EPA-450/5-87-005,
PB88-136601/REB, July 1987;
Volume 2: Citations - 1988, EPA-450/5-88-005,
PB89-103436/REB, July 1988;
Volume 3: Citations - 1989, EPA-450/3-89-25,
PB90-270570/REB; July 1989;
Volume 4: Citations - 1990, EPA-450/3-90-014,
PB91-168435/XAB, July 1990;
Volume 5: Citations - 1991, EPA-450/3-91-016,
PB92-111830, July 1991;
Volume 6: Citations - 1992, EPA-453/B-92-006,
NTIS number not yet available, July 1992;
Volume 7: Citations - 1993, EPA-453/B-93-043,
NTIS number not yet available, September 1993;
Index, Part I: 1987 - 1991, EPA-453/B-93-044A,
NTIS number not yet available, September 1993; and
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Index, Part II: 1992 - 1993, EPA-453/B-93-044B,
NTIS number not yet available, September 1993;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Qualitative and Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment,
EPA-450/5-87-003, PB88-113188/XAB, June 1987;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Methods
for Pollutant Selection and Prioritization,
EPA-450/5-86-010, PB87-124079/XAB, July 1986;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: How The
Clearinghouse Can Help to Answer Your Air Toxics
Questions, EPA-450/5-86-009, PB88-157813/XAB, July
1986; and
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Rationale for Air Toxics Control in Seven State and
Local Agencies, EPA-450/5-86-005, PB86-181179/AS,
August 1985.
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ABSTRACT
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH)
has been established by the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards for
the purpose of facilitating information transfer among Federal,
State, and local air quality management agencies. This document
has been published as part of that effort. The purpose is to
provide state and local agencies and other NATICH users with
bibliographic citations of reports and Federal Register notices
useful in developing and operating air toxics control programs.
The reports selected for this bibliography were published by the
following agencies: U. S. EPA, National Academy of Sciences
(NAS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) including the National
Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH), Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR), Consumer Products Safety Commission
(CPSC), and World Health Organization (WHO) including the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Also
included are reports published by various State and local
agencies that they submit directly to the data base.
The bibliography is published in seven volumes plus an index
in two parts. Volume 1 (EPA-450/5-87-005, PB88-136601/REB)
contains cumulative citations from before 1974 through March
1987, and Volume 2 (EPA-450/5-88-005, PB89-103436/REB), the
citations from April 1987 through March 1988. Volume 3
(EPA-450/3-89-25, PB90-270570/REB) has citations from April 1988
through January 1989, Volume 4 (EPA-450/3-90-014,
PB91-168435/XAB) has citations from January 1989 to January 1990,
Volume 5 (EPA-450/3-91-016, PB92-111830) has citations from
January 1990 to January 1991, and Volume 6 (EPA-453/B-92-006,
NTIS number not yet available) has citations from January 1991 to
January 1992. Volume 7 has the more recent citations from
January 1992 to January 1993. This volume consists of two
sections and an appendix. Section 1 includes introductory
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material describing the bibliography scope and organization and
contains information necessary for the proper use of the
document. This section presents updated information for the
corresponding sections previously published in Volumes 1 through
6. Volume 7, Section 2 contains the report and Federal Register
notice entries with bibliographic information and, in most cases,
an abstract. The current index to the bibliography is published
in two parts: Index, Part I: 1987-1991, EPA-453/B-93-044A,
which covers all the citations from Volumes 1 through 5 of the
bibliography, and Index, Part II: 1992-1993, EPA-453/B-93-044B,
which covers the citations from Volumes 6 and 7 of the
bibliography. Each listing indicates which of the seven volumes
contains the citation. The index is organized by document type;
by pollutant class, name, or Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
number; by source category Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Code; and by sponsoring agency. This document also
contains an index to the National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse Newsletter in appendix A.
This document was submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA
Contract No. 68-D1-0125, Work Assignment No. 2-16, by Radian
Corporation under the sponsorship of the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency. This edition of the bibliography updates
previous bibliographies published by NATICH. The National Air
Toxics Information Clearinghouse will continue to publish regular
updates in separate volumes, consecutively numbered.
Beginning this year, only Part XX of the index will be
updated and published with the latest bibliography. Users should
retain Part X for future reference. Together/ Parts I and II of
the index allow users to identify publications of interest in
Volumes 1 through 7. With distribution of the 1993 index, EPA
encourages users to recycle 1992 index.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Page
Volume 1: Citations - 1974 to 1987
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Document Scope 1
1.2 Organization of Document 4
1.3 Ordering Information 12
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries .... 25
Volume 2: Citations - 1988
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Document Scope 1
1.2 Organization of Document 5
1.3 Ordering Information 13
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries .... 25
Volume 3: Citations - 1989
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Document Scope 1
1.2 Organization of Document 5
1.3 Ordering Information 14
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries .... 27
Appendix A: Index to the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse Newsletters . . A-l
Volume 4: Citations - 1990
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Document Scope 1-1
1.2 Organization of Document 1-4
1.3 Ordering Information 1-12
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries .... 2-1
Appendix A: Index to the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse Newsletters . . A-l
Volume 5: Citations - 1991
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Document Scope 1-1
1.2 Organization of Document 1-4
1.3 Ordering Information 1-12
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries .... 2-1
Appendix A: Index to the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse Newsletters . . A-l
Volume 6: Citations - 1992
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Document Scope 1-1
1.2 Organization of Document 1-4
1.3 Ordering Information 1-12
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries . . . 2-1
Appendix A: Index to the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse Newsletters . . A-l
Appendix B: Helpful Information Resources for
Air Toxics B-l
Volume 7: Citations - 1993
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Document Scope 1-1
1.2 Organization of Document 1-8
1.3 Ordering Information 1-18
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries . . . .2-1
Appendix A: Index to the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse Newsletters . . A-l
Index, Part I: 1987-1991
1.0 Guides to the Index 1-1
1.1 User's Guide to the Index 1-1
1.2 Guide to Terminology for Identification Codes 1-2
2.0 Index to Report and Federal Register Notice
Entries 2-1
Index, Part II: 1992-1993
1.0 Guides to the Index
1.1 User's Guide to the Index 1-1
1.2 Guide to Terminology for Identification Codes 1-2
2.0 Index to Report and Federal Register Notice
Entries 2-1
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table Page
1 List of EPA Offices Contacted 1-7
2 Clearinghouse Chemical Identifiers 1-13
3 Clearinghouse Source Identifiers 1-15
4 List of Acronyms 1-16
5 Key to Document Types 1-17
6 1993 NTIS Price Schedule 1-20
Figure
1 Sample Entries 1-11
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This bibliography has been developed by the National Air
Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH), operated by the
Pollutant Assessment Branch of the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS). Over 2600 bibliographic citations for reports and
Federal Register notices related to toxic air pollutants have
been compiled in the seven volumes completed to date. To
facilitate the use of this bibliography, citations are indexed by
document type, chemical name or class and Chemical Abstract
Service (CAS) number, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
Code, and sponsoring agency.
Like other NATICH publications, the bibliography is designed
to help NATICH users identify sources of information for specific
air toxics questions or problems. This edition of the
bibliography announces 150 new reports and Federal Register
notices.
The information contained in this bibliography is also
available through the NATICH Bulletin Board System (BBS)
accessible through the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN).
Users can telephone the TTN at (919) 541-5742; the communications
parameters are eight data bits, one stop bit, no parity, full
duplex, and terminal emulation VT 100, VT 102, or ANSI. Users
can register on-line to use NATICH as well as the other bulletin
boards on the TTN. For further information about the TTN or how
to access it, users can call (919) 541-5384. For answers to
questions about accessing the NATICH BBS, contact the NATICH
Staff at (919) 541-0850.
1.1 DOCUMENT SCOPE
This bibliography contains a selected list of reports and
Federal Register notices that have been identified as being
useful to State and local agencies developing and operating air
toxics control programs. The reports were published by the
following agencies: the EPA, National Academy of Sciences (NAS),
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National Cancer Institute (NCI) , National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) including National
Toxicology Program (NTP) , National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) , Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) , and
the World Health Organization (WHO) including the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) . Reports published by State
and local agencies are also included.
The citations include documents of the following 28 types
and brief descriptions are provided for each:
1. Air Toxics Control Program Support - Documents that contain
reference information for the support of air toxics control
programs (used only by State and local agencies) .
2. ftphjent Monitoring - Documents that describe methodologies
for monitoring air pollutants or monitoring studies
conducted .
3. Case Studies - Documents that provide a detailed analysis of
a specific environmental issue or process (used only by
State and local agencies) .
4. Chemical Hazard Information Profiles (CHIPs) - These
profiles are prepared by the EPA's Office of Toxic
Substances that compiles preliminary information about
sources, environmental distribution, exposure, and health
effects of specific chemicals.
5. Control Technology - Documents that describe, or include
discussion of, control methods for air toxics.
6 . Emergency Response /Accident Prevention — These documents
range in scope from establishing emergency response and
accident prevention measures to evaluating releases or
spills and preparing appropriate responses to the accident.
This includes procedures under development to meet the
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Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title
III community right-to-know program requirements.
7. Emission Factors - Documents that contain emission factors
for air toxics. Also included are documents that provide
emission estimates, for example, emission inventory reports.
8. Epidemiology Studies - Epidemiology studies primarily funded
by NIOSH examining human health effects possibly resulting
from exposure to toxic air pollutants. Also included are
documents reporting results of studies by State or local
agencies.
9. Exposure Assessments - Documents that examine and/or
estimate exposures to air toxics.
10. Federal Register Notices - Publications that document a
proposed or final rule or notice published in the Federal
Register, a daily publication documenting agency
regulations, presidential proclamations, and executive
orders.
11. Health Assessments - Documents that describe the health
effects of air toxics.
12. Indoor Air - Documents that relate to indoor air pollution,
including methods for monitoring pollutants and health and
exposure assessments.
13. Modeling - Documents describing models for evaluating air
toxics issues, for example, dispersion models used to
characterize the risk associated with an air pollution
source.
14. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAP) - EPA documents that support the development and
implementation of NESHAP under section 112 of the Clean Air
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Act. These documents may include an analysis of the
affected industry or air pollution source including
emissions data and applicable controls; an analysis of
regulatory alternatives in terms of potential environmental,
economic, and energy impacts; and health information
including exposure and risk assessments.
15. New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) — EPA documents that
support the development and implementation of NSPS for
sources of certain air pollutants under section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. These documents may include an analysis of
the affected industry or air pollution source including
emissions data and applicable controls; and an analysis of
regulatory alternatives in terms of potential environmental,
economic, and energy impacts.
16. Other - Documents not covered under another category (used
only by State and local agencies).
17 Pollution Prevention - Documents that relate to the use of
materials, processes, or practices that reduce or eliminate
the creation of pollutants or wastes.
18. Pre-Recrulatorv Assessments - Documents that assess whether
specific air pollutants should be required under the Clean
Air Act or other appropriate mechanisms. These documents
include reviews of the health effects, sources, air
emissions, and potential for public exposure to the specific
pollutants.
19. Regulations or Rules - Documents that cover regulations and
rules indicated of State and local agencies.
20. Regulatory Development Guidance - Primarily, documents that
provide guidance to State and local agencies on the
development and implementation of air toxics control
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programs. Some documents provide guidance to the regulated
industry to facilitate compliance.
21. Risk Assessments - Documents that estimate potential human
risks resulting from exposure to air toxics. Risk
management and risk communication documents are also
included.
22. Source Assessments - Documents that describe the types and
quantity of emissions from specific source categories.
These documents may also evaluate applicable control
technologies.
23. Source Sampling - Documents that describe source sampling
methods or sampling results for specific sources of air
toxics.
24. Title III Guidance/Documents (Clean Air Act) — Documents
that pertain to implementing title III of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990.
25. Title V Guidance/Documents (Clean Air Act) - Documents that
pertain to implementing title V of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990, which address air toxic-related permit
programs administered by any air pollution control agency.
26. Title VI Guidance Documents (Clean Air Act) - Documents that
pertain to implementing title VI of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990, which addresses air toxic-related
aspects of stratospheric ozone protection.
27. Title IX Guidance Documents (Clean Air Act) - Documents that
pertain to implementing title IX of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990, which addresses clean air research.
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28. Toxicitv Testing - Documents that present animal toxicity
testing studies on the adverse health effects associated
with exposure to one or more chemicals.
Citations were selected within each document type according
to their relevance to air toxics work. The background
information documents for NSPS were included in this bibliography
because, although their focus is on control of criteria air
pollutants, they also contain valuable information on the sources
and control of noncriteria, potentially toxic air pollutants.
The Federal Register notices include the Agency's announcements
regarding sections 111 and 112 of the Clean Air Act dealing with
the NSPS and the NESHAP programs, respectively. The notices also
include proposed guidelines concerning health, exposure, and risk
assessments issued by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment (OHEA).
Citations for each of these topic areas were compiled by
searching published lists of EPA reports, such as the EPA
Publications Bibliography and the ORD Publications Data Base.
These citations were supplemented by contacting the EPA office
currently conducting that particular type of work. The EPA
offices contacted are listed in table 1.
Abstracts for the EPA reports were obtained from the EPA
Publications Bibliography, the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) data base, or the technical data sheet included in
the report. Abstracts for the federal Register notices were
prepared from the Summary and Supplementary Information sections
of each notice.
Citations to reports from the eight other sponsoring
agencies (NAS, NCI, NIEHS, NTP, NIOSH, ATSDR, CPSC, and WHO)
included in this bibliography focus on health, risk, exposure
assessments, toxicity testing, and epidemiology studies. Most
documents discuss one or more potentially toxic chemicals, and a
few emphasize exposure to toxic substances in a particular
industry. Although ambient air exposure was the primary area of
interest, reports on occupational exposure were also included.
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TABLE 1. LIST OF EPA OFFICES CONTACTED*
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR)
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)
Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs (OAIAP)
Office of Mobile Sources (OMS)
Office of Radiation Programs (ORP)
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPTS)
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT)
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE)
Office of Research and Development (ORD)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA)
Office of Health Research (OHR)
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration (OEETD)
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
(OMMSQA)
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER)
Office of Solid Waste (OSW)
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR)
Some offices have been reorganized and renamed; not all
divisions or laboratories are contacted.
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The research of the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS) is included in a single citation in
Volume 1 by reference to the "National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences Bibliography 1966-1986.H This bibliography is
periodically updated and the most current edition as of September
1993 contains references through 1989. The research results are
generally published in technical journal articles, conference
papers, and books. These types of publications are outside the
scope of the bibliography so no further citations are included in
subsequent volumes.
Citations to reports from each of the eight agencies on the
topics of risk and exposure assessments and health effects were
compiled from agency catalogs. Abstracts were obtained from each
of these sources when available.
In addition to reports by the EPA and the eight other
agencies, this bibliography includes citations to relevant
reports published by State and local agencies. These citations
are submitted by the agencies directly to NATICH and additional
information is available from these agencies.
This document also contains an index to the NATICH
Newsletter in appendix A. The Newsletter is currently published
bimonthly by the Clearinghouse to inform readers of issues
relating to toxic air pollutants. Articles discuss activities at
the Federal, State, and local levels.
Information in this report is also available through the
NATICH BBS accessible through the OAQPS TTN. By accessing the
BBS, the user may identify bibliographic citations by searching
on terms such as pollutant name or CAS number, SIC Code, project
type, or sponsoring agency (EPA, NIOSH, ATSDR, or State/local
agency). For more information on the NATICH BBS, contact the
NATICH staff at (919) 541-0850.
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF DOCUMENT
This document has been published in seven volumes and an
index in two parts. Volume 1 (EPA-450/5-87-005, PB88-136601/REB)
contains cumulative citations from before 1974 through March
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1987, Volume 2 (EPA-450/5-88-005, PB89-103436/REB) contains
citations from April 1987 through March 1988. Volume 3
(EPA-450/3-89-25, PB90-270570/REB) has citations from April 1988
through January 1989, Volume 4 (EPA-450/3-90-014,
PB91-168435/XAB) has citations from January 1989 to January 1990,
and Volume 5 (EPA-450/3-91-016, PB92-111830) has citations from
January 1990 to January 1991. Volume 6 (EPA-453/B-92-006, NTIS
number not yet available) has citations from January 1991 to
January 1992. Volume 7 (EPA-453/B-93-043, NTIS number not yet
available) has the more recent citations from January 1992 to
January 1993. This volume consists of two sections. Section 1
is the introductory material discussing scope and organization.
It also contains explanatory information necessary for the proper
use of the bibliography, such as keys to agency and office
abbreviations and two sample bibliographic entries, as well as
ordering information for reports by EPA and the other agencies.
Section 2 of Volume 7 contains the report and Federal Register
notice entries with bibliographic information and, in most cases,
an abstract. The report entries are arranged by document order
number. Figure 1 shows samples of report and Federal Register
notice entries. Each entry has been assigned certain key words
or descriptors pertaining to document type, pollutants discussed,
the pollutant source whenever an SIC Code applies, and the
sponsoring agency. These descriptors are used to generate the
index and to give users several ways to access reports of
interest. The NATICH Newsletter index also appears in Volume 7
as appendix A.
Part I of the index (1987-1991, EPA-453/B-93-044A) enables
users to identify reports of interest in Volumes 1 through 5,
while Part II (1992-1993, EPA-453/B-93-044B) enables users to
identify reports of interest in Volumes 6 and 7 (the volume
number will appear in parentheses immediately preceding the
publication number). Index categories include document type,
pollutant class or name and CAS number, SIC Code and the
corresponding title, and sponsoring agency. Groups of chemicals
or pollutants such as "organic compounds" that could not be
identified more precisely by individual chemical names were
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assigned unique NATICH identifiers in the place of CAS numbers.
A list of these identifiers used in this document appears in
table 2. Pollutant sources that could not be clearly identified
by SIC Codes were assigned NATICH identifiers in place of more
general SIC Codes. A list of these identifiers used in this
document appears in table 3. A key to the international and
national sponsoring agency acronyms appears in table 4. Table 5
lists the document types and their abbreviations. A guide to
terminology for identification codes used in the index terms used
as subject headings that describe the table of contents to the
index is found at the beginning of each part of the index. This
guide consists of alphabetic and numeric lists of all descriptors
or index terms used as subject headlines that describe the
content of a document.
A second series of keywords allows users to identify
specific State agency reports. Each agency has a unique four-
place alphanumeric code by which it is indexed, for example, the
South Coast Air Quality Management District in California is
CA03.
This bibliography is updated regularly by NATICH. In the
next update, NATICH will publish abstracts only for the newly
identified reports and Federal Register notices. Part II of the
index will expand and include citations from the bibliography
update.
All bibliographic citations will continue to be accessible
through the NATICH BBS. These can be sorted by several factors:
by product, source category, document type, or sponsoring agency.
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FIGURE 1. SAMPLE ENTRIES
Report entries are arranged alphamraerically by document order
number.
A sample entry follows:
PB84-156157
Demonstration of Remedial Techniques Against Radon in Houses on
Florida Phosphate Lands
EPA, Montgomery, AL, ORP/EERF
July 1983, 195p, EPA-520/5-83-009, PC A09/MF A01
Abstract: This report is to document the results of an activity
which forms part of a program intended to demonstrate means of
controlling indoor radon levels in structures built on Florida
phosphate lands. The natural radon content of the soil is
elevated in some parts of the Florida phosphate lands, resulting
in elevated radon concentrations in the soil gas. If building
construction is such as to provide pathways, or routes or entry,
between the interior of the building and the soil below, then
this radon-bearing soil gas may enter the building and result in
elevated indoor levels. This report therefore documents a review
of current building practices, with the intention of identifying
routes of entry. Based upon this knowledge, certain
modifications to building practices may be seen as a means of
reducing indoor radon levels.
CL-PHOSPHA PHOSPHATES
CT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DOCUMENT
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
14 NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
147 CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERALS
1475 PHOSPHATE ROCK
52 BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES
7440-61-1 URANIUM
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FIGURE 1. SAMPLE ENTRIES (Continued)
A sample Federal Register notice entry follows:
45 FR 83952 12-19-80
Benzene Emissions from Benzene Storage Vessels; National Emission
Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Hearing
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Abstract: Proposed rule and notice of public hearing. The
proposed standard would limit benzene emissions from each new and
existing storage vessel with a capacity greater than 4 cubic
meters used to store pure benzene. The notice describes proposed
requirements for fixed/floating roofs, primary and secondary
seals, and inspection procedures.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NAT'L EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
34 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
344 FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS
3443 FABRICATED PLATE WORK (BOILER SHOPS)
71-43-2 BENZENE
1-12
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TABLE 2. CLEARINGHOUSE CHEMICAL IDENTIFIERS
Clearinghouse Number
Pollutant
CL-ABRAS
CL-ACID
CL-ADIP
CL-ALDEHYD
CL-ALKYLPB
CL-ALLERG
CL-ALMERC
CL-ALUM
CL-AMINE
CL-AROMHC
CL-BACT
CL-BROM
CL-BTX
CL-CADMIUM
CL-CARBON
CL-CARCIN
CL-CFC
CL-CHC
CL-CHLOR
CL-CHROME
CL-COE
CL-CONSUMR
CL-COPPER
CL-COTDUST
CL-CREOSOL
CL-CUTFLU
CL-DGAEA
CL-DIESEL
CL-DIISOCY
CL-DIOXIN
CL-DYE
CL-ETHERS
CL-ETS
CL-EXPLO
CL-FUELOIL
CL-FUNG
CL-FURAN
CL-GLASS
CL-HALOGHC
CL-HALOME
CL-HAPS
CL-HAZWAST
CL-HCARB
CL-HERB
CL-HEXANE
CL-IAP
CL-INMERC
CL-INORGAN
CL-INOTIN
CL-INSMOLY
CL-INSRHOD
CL-INSTUNG
CL-IRON
CL-MANG
Abrasives
Acidic compounds
Adipates
Aldehydes
Alkyl lead compounds
Allergens
Alkyl mercury compounds
Aluminum compounds
Amines
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Bacteria
Bromine compounds
Benzene, toluene, xylene
Cadmium compounds
Total carbon
Carcinogens
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Chlorine compounds
Chromium compounds
Coke oven emissions
Consumer products
Copper compounds
Cotton dust
Creosols
Cutting fluids
Diethylene glycol alkyl ethers and
acetates
Diesel fuel emissions
Diispcyanates
Dioxins
Dyes
Ethers
Environmental tobacco smoke
Explosives
Waste derived fuel oil emissions
Fungicides
Furans
Fibrous glass dust
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Halomethanes
Title III hazardous air pollutants
Hazardous wastes
Hydrocarbons
Herbicides
Hexane isomers
Indoor air pollutants
Aryl and inorganic mercury compounds
Inorganic compounds
Inorganic tin and oxide compounds
Insoluble molybdenum compounds
Insoluble rhodium compounds
Insoluble tungsten compounds
Iron compounds
Manganese compounds
1-13
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TABLE 2. CLEARINGHOUSE CHEMICAL IDENTIFIERS (Continued)
Clearinghouse Number
Pollutant
CL-MAPP
CL-METAL
CL-METOXBZ
CL-MINDUST
CL-MINFIB
CL-MOM
CL-MS
CL-NICKEL
CL-NITRATE
CL-NITRITE
CL-NITROSO
CL-NMHC
CL-ODOR
CL-OH
CL-ORGANIC
CL-PAH
CL-PATHOGN
CL-PCO
CL-PEST
CL-PHARM
CL-PHENOL
CL-PHOSPHA
CL-PHTH
CL-PLAS
CL-PLAT
CL-PM
CL-POM
CL-PYRO
CL-RAD
CL-RCSPP
CL-RESIN
CL-ROSIN
CL-RUBSOL
CL-SALTS
CL-SEWSLUD
CL-SILVER
CL-SOLMOLY
CL-SOLRHOD
CL-SOLTUNG
CL-SOLVENT
CL-SPORES
CL-SULFATE
CL-SULFIDE
CL-SULFITE
CL-SVOC
CL-TIN
CL-TRS
CL-VARIOUS
CL-VEG
CL-VOC
CL-WELD
CL-WOOD
Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture
Metallic compounds
Methoxybenzene compounds
Mineral dusts
Mineral fibers
Mineral oil mist
Mineral spirits
Nickel compounds
Nitrates
Nitrites
Nitroso compounds
Non-methane hydrocarbons
Odors
Hydroxides
Organic compounds
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Pathogens
Photochemical oxidants
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Phenols
Phosphates
Phthalates
Plasticizers
Platinum compounds
Particulate matter
Polycyclic organic matter
Pyro powders
Radiation
Rosin core solder pyrolysis products
Resins
Rosin vapors
Rubber solvents
Salts
Sewage sludge
Silver compounds
Soluble molybdenum compounds
Soluble rhodium compounds
Soluble tungsten compounds
Solvents
Fungal spores
Sulfates
Sulfides
Sulfites
Semivolatile organic compounds
Organic tin compounds
Total reduced sulfur
Various pollutants
Vegetable oil mist
Volatile organic compounds
Welding fumes
Wood smoke
1-14
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TABLE 3. CLEARINGHOUSE SOURCE IDENTIFIERS
Clearinghouse Number Source
COOl Municipal Waste Landfills
C002 Industrial Waste Landfills
COOS Hazardous Waste Landfills
C004 Municipal Waste Incineration
COOS Commercial Waste Incineration
C006 Industrial Waste Incineration
C007 Hazardous Waste Incineration
COOS Municipal Wastewater Treatment
1-15
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TABLE 4. LIST OF ACRONYMS
KEY TO AGENCY ACRONYMS*
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
EPA U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
CPSC Consumer Products Safety Commission
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
NAS National Academy of Sciences
NCI National Cancer Institute
NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTP National Toxicology Program
WHO World Health Organization
KEY TO DIVISION AND LABORATORY ACRONYMS**
ACMD Atmospheric Characterization and Modeling Division
AEERL Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
AQMD Air Quality Management Division
AREAL Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory
ASRL Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
CAD Characterization and Assessment Division
CSD Criteria and Standards Division
EAG Exposure Assessment Group
EARD Exposure Assessment Research Division
ECAD Existing Chemical Assessment Division
ECAO Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
EERF Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
EML Emission Measurement Laboratory
EMSL Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
ERD Emergency Response Division
ESD Emission Standards Division
HECD Health and Ecological Criteria Division
HED Hazard Evaluation Division
HERL Health Effects Research Laboratory
HHAG Human Health Assessment Group
IAD Indoor Air Division
RREL Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
SSCD Stationary Source Compliance Division
TSD Technical Support Division
WMD Waste Management Division
* Reports by State and local agencies are indexed under the
term "State or Local Agency." Report numbers begin with the
two-letter State abbreviation.
**
Reports identified and listed in previous volumes of this
bibliography may have been published by a laboratory or
division that may have since been renamed.
1-16
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TABLE 5. KEY TO DOCUMENT TYPES
Document Type Description
AM Ambient Monitoring
CHIP Chemical Hazard Information Profile (EPA Only)
CS Case Study (State and Local Agencies Only)
CT Control Technology
EA Exposure Assessment
EF Emission Factor
ER Accident Prevention/Emergency Response
ES Epidemiological Study
FR Federal Register Notices
HA Health Assessment
IA Indoor Air
MODELS Modeling
NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (EPA Only)
NSPS New Source Performance Standards (EPA Only)
OT Other (State and Local Agencies Only)
PD Air Toxics Program Support Document (State and
Local Agencies Only)
PP Pollution Prevention
PRA Pre-regulatory Assessment
RA Risk Assessment
RDG Regulatory Development Guidance
RR Rules and Regulations (State and Local Agencies
Only)
SA Source Assessment
SS Source Sampling
TITLE3 Title III Guidance/Documents (Clean Air Act)
TITLES Title V Guidance/Documents (Clean Air Act)
TITLES Title VI Guidance/Documents (Clean Air Act)
TITLE9 Title IX Guidance/Documents (Clean Air Act)
TT Toxicity Testing
1-17
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1-19
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D99
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$ 9.00
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55.00
90.00
140.00
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250.00
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360.00
410.00
460.00
520.00
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1-20
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1-21
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1-22
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1-23
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APPENDIX A
INDEX TO THE NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE
NEWSLETTER: DECEMBER 1983 THROUGH MAY 1993
-------
ABOUT THE NEWSLETTERS
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse Newsletter
is published by the Clearinghouse to inform interested persons of
current activities related to toxic air pollutants. To be placed
on the mailing list, contact the Clearinghouse staff at
(919) 541-0850.
HOW TO USE THIS INDEX
Alphabetically arranged key word headings (in boldface type)
are followed by an entry describing the context in which the key
word appears in the indexed Newsletter article. The title of the
article itself is not given since, for example, an article on
California's process of identifying and controlling toxic air
pollutants might discuss at length, or, at the other end of the
scale, briefly mention, many topics of interest to Newsletter
readers. Both broad topics of discussion and brief mentions of
an item are indexed for the sake of completeness.
All entries include a locator consisting of the Newsletter
month and year plus page number on which the information may be
found. Subsequent references to the key word in other issues are
separated by semicolons and include descriptive phrases as
necessary. Thus, under the key word, Acetaldehyde. the first
descriptive entry tells readers that they may find that substance
referred to in the context of California's air toxics
identification and control process on page 5 of the December 1984
Newsletter. The first locator tells the reader that further
information on acetaldehyde in the same context (in this case,
California revised the list mentioned in the December 1984
article) may be found on page 6 of the May 1985 issue.
A number in parentheses is the page number assigned by
order; the first issue of the Newsletter did not have page
numbers.
A-l
-------
AALs: See also Ambient levels/ acceptable
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): Jan 1988, 5; compared to RfDs,
July 1988, 6-7
Accidental releases: See also Chemical accident prevention and
emergency response; Emergency response; Sept 1990, 4;
Nov 1992, 4; May 1993, 6; EPA's strategy to control,
June 1986, 8-10; and Houston regional monitoring program,
Mar 1988, 10; Houston program and, May 1988, 4;
Massachusetts air toxics provisions for, Jan 1989, 2; New
Jersey proposes rule to cover, Mar 1988, 6-7; possible TDI
releases studied by CTC, June 1987, 4-5; prevention of
specified in Clean Air Act Amendments, July 1990, 9;
Region VI program for, June 1986, 4-5; risk assessment and
prevention of under CAA Section 112(r), Jan 1992, 1-2;
symposium held on, Dec 1986, 11; TACB permit review and,
Jan 1988, 2-3; training course to prevent, Mar 1987, 5;
update on prevention program, July 1992, 10-11
Acetaldehyde: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; Nov 1992, 3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California versus source test
method for, Mar 1991, 7-8; on Connecticut's draft priority
list, Sept 1991, 2; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Acetone: May 1988, 5; May 1990, 5, 6; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; frequently reported under
SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5; and Michigan's use of air
stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Acetonitrile: on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2
Acetopbenone: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Acetylaminofluorene, 2-: newly listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2
AC6IH TLV®: basis for South Carolina air toxics limits,
Jan 1991, 2-3; hazardous substances, workplace exposure
guidelines for, Sept 1986, 3; Idaho uses in new source
emission limits, July 1991, 5; Illinois adopts carcinogens
listed by, Jan 1992, 4; and KFEL, Jan 1988, 6; and Maine's
air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7); and Massachusetts
air toxics control program, Sept 1984, 5; and NESCAUM
regional strategy to control perchloroethylene, Dec 1985,
6-7; not used in Kentucky regulation, May 1988, 2; and Ohio
interim air toxics policy, Mar 1987, 3; for urea, Nov 1988,
5; use of factored TLV in regulating air toxics, Mar 1987,
4; used in air toxics limits by New Mexico, Jan 1991, 3-4;
used in Florida air toxics standards, Mar 1991, 4; used in
A-2
-------
AC6IH TLV® (continued): Mississippi permit review program,
Dec 1986, 5; used by New York in methylene chloride limits,
Sept 1989, 4-5; used in Puget Sound air toxics rule,
Nov 1990, l; used in Virginia regulation, Dec 1989, 4;
Washington basis air toxics rule on, July 1991, 1-3; and
Wisconsin's air toxics program, Sept 1986, 3; and Virginia
Air Pollution Control Board rules, Dec 1984, 5-6
Acid gases: Mar 1992, 2; as products of resource recovery
facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; BACT required for biomedical
waste incineration in Oklahoma, May 1991, 4, 7
Acid scrubbing: tested in hospital sterilizers, May 1988, 9-10
Acrolein: May 1985, 6; May 1988, 5; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; listed
as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III
high risk list, July 1991, 2; verified Rfc, Nov 1990, 2
Acrylamide: Nov 1992, 3; on Connecticut's draft priority list.
Sept 1991, 2; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
and proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2; Rfc,
non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Acrylic acid: listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and
proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2; verified
RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Acrylic fibers: and EPA prototype scheme for handling,
Sept 1984, 3
Acrylonitrile: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; Nov 1992, 3; and EPA
report on locating and estimating emissions of, Dec 1985,
11; EPA-sponsored workshop on, June 1986, 11; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; regulatory
status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; and California
Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; EPA prototype scheme for handling,
Sept 1984, 3; EPA report on, July 1984, 6; listed as
high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; Ohio evaluation of,
Mar 1987, 2; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2; State/local option to evaluate prior to
regulation, Dec 1984, 8-9; TACB reviews sources of,
Jan 1988, 3
Acute Hazards List: and EPA's air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 5-6
Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS): Mar 1992, 6;
introduced by EPA, Jan 1989, 9-10; 13; link to NATICH,
Nov 1991, 3; NADB develops graphics package, May 1992, 5
A-3
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Agency for Toxic substances and Disease Registry (AT8DR):
releases toxicological profile, July 1989, 10-11; NATICH
report includes chemical profiles from, Mar 1993, 7
Agricultural emissions: BAAQMD plan to control, Mar 1992, 3
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL):
Jan 1988, 8; develops indoor air pollution sources document,
Jan 1991, 4-5; functions of, Feb 1985, 2-3; identifies
potential alternatives for halogenated hydrocarbons,
Mar 1993, 4-5; issues hazardous air pollutant report,
Sept 1986, 11; plans indoor air pollution sources reports,
Jan 1991, 4-5; studies indoor air pollution sources,
Mar 1991, 4-5
Air Pathway Analysis: May 1988, 7; conducted at Superfund
hazardous waste sites, Nov 1988, 8; OAQPS Guide revised,
Jan 1991, 2
Air pollutants/ hazardous: See Air pollutants/ toxic
Air pollutants/ toxic: See also listings under specific
pollutants, carcinogens, mutagens, noncarcinogens, States;
Air toxics control; Risk assessment; May 1985, 2-3;
May 1985, 7; June 1986, 2-4; June 1986, 8-10; Sept 1986, 10;
Dec 1986, 10; Sept 1987, 8-9; Nov 1987, 8-9; Jan 1989, 13;
Sept 1990, 4; Jan 1992, 10; July 1992, 4; Jan 1993, 5; air
toxics program development guidance available (report),
Mar 1986, 6; and CAA reauthorization, Apr 1984, 3-4;
directory of coordinating groups for, July 1984, 3; data
base cross-references with sources, Sept 1990, 9; defined,
Dec 1983 (1); developing standards for, Dec 1983 (4-5);
emissions data requested by EPA, Mar 1987, 11-12; and EPA
meeting with industry leaders, May 1990, 9; and EPA
prototype scheme for high individual risk/low national
incidence, Sept 1984, 3; EPA reports on, Sept 1984, 2; and
EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4-5; guidance on petition
process under review, Nov 1991, 1; and Harvard School of
Public Health project, May 1985, 7; hazardous air pollutant
prioritization system (HAPPS), Feb 1984, 5j Japan's program
outlined, May 1992, 1-2; link with cancer studied, Nov 1988,
9; list of chemicals and their regulatory status, Dec 1985,
10; and list of current projects on, May 1985, 2; list of
hazardous air pollutants under proposed Clean Air Act
revisions, May 1990, 10; models to assess impacts of,
Nov 1992, 5; MYDP, permit review support evaluated by EPA,
Mar 1987, 11; and NESCAUM control policy guideline, Dec 1983
(6); new Air RISC publications for, Nov 1992, 7-8; and new
APCA committee, Aug 1985, 9; OAQPS reports on, Jan 1988,
10-11; OAQPS screening study to monitor, Dec 1986, 10;
A-4
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Air pollutants, toxic (continued): progress on reducing
outlined, July 1992, 1-2; proposed rules for Early
Reductions lists high-risk, July 1991, 2; research needs
highlighted, Jan 1988, 7-8
Air Pollution control Association (APCA), annual Mating of:
abstracts of papers, Sept 1984, 6-7; specialty conference on
toxic air pollutants (announced), Aug 1985, 9; and new air
toxics committee, Aug 1985, 9
Air RISC (Risk Information Support Center): Mar 1991, 2, 5;
May 1990, 3-4; May 1991, 9; completes study of odor
thresholds, Nov 1991, 6-7; distributes risk communication
publications, Mar 1991, 6-7; EPA introduces services of,
July 1988, 4-5; function of Nov 1988, 4-5; holds States
meeting, May 1992, 7; introduction of, July 1988, 4-5;
issues risk assessment glossary. Sept 1989, 10; new
projects, Sept 1990, 10; participates in cancer risk study,
Sept 1991, 9; plans waste combustor brochures, May 1991, 10;
presents workshop on risk assessment, Mar 1989, 5;
publications available, Nov 1992, 7-8; publishes health
effects summary for steel mills, Nov 1990, 9; publishes
hydrogen chloride health effects document, Mar 1992, 6;
recent projects described, July 1991, 6; recent requests
described, Jan 1991, 5; recent services highlighted,
Jan 1989, 9; testifies in Virginia carbon disulfide case,
Dec 1989, 5; updates Directory of Information Resources,
Jan 1992, 10; workshop on risk assessment, July 1989, 11
Air stripping: EPA issues directive on use of, Dec 1989, 9;
report on published by CTC, June 1987, 5; technical guidance
for prepared by CTC, Mar 1988, 9; and vacuum extraction,
Jan 1990, 10; and VOCs during groundwater cleanup,
Dec 1985, 2-3
Air toxics control: See also Air toxics control - Stata
programs; Control technology; environmental group/industry
views on, Dec 1983 (4); EPA Control Technology Center
instituted, Dec 1986, 2; EPA encourages control of,
Jan 1989, 3-6; EPA/AEERL report on, Sept 1986, 11; EPA
strategy for, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA strategy for routine
and accidental release, Aug 1985, 5-7; and EPA strategy to
control both routine and accidental releases, June 1986,
8-10; Federal/State/local role in, Dec 1983 (4); and Federal
grant support program for, Aug 1984, 4-5; integrated
approaches to, Dec 1983 (5); integrated approach to,
Feb 1984, 4; and NATICH data base contents, June 1986, 1-2;
NESCAUM control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6); overview of
regulatory process, Feb 1984, 5; and proposed rules for
Early Reductions Program, July 1991, 2; and Region VI
inspection program, June 1986, 4-5; relation of ozone
attainment policy to, Nov 1987, 4-5; STAPPA/ALAPCO
A-5
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Air toxics control (continued): resolution on use of offsets,
Nov 1991, 1; 1983 workshop on, Feb 1984, 3-5; workshops for
State and local agencies on, Dec 1986, 2
Air toxics control - state programs: BAAQMD strategy for
industry, Mar 1992, 3; California agency proposes chromium
rule, Mar 1988, 4-5; coordinators attend retreats to share
ideas, Jan 1990, 3; Connecticut considers four options for,
Sept 1991, 1-2; EPA developing guidance for, Nov 1992, 4-5;
Maryland's department of the environment described,
Sept 1987, 3-4; "model" state program to be developed,
Aug 1985, 3; Monterey Bay agency described, Mar 1988, 2-4;
and MYDPs, Sept 1987, 13-14; new Mississippi permit review
program outlined, Dec 1986, 5; Ohio Division of Air
Pollution Control Management described, Mar 1987, 2;
Ontario's assessment and, Mar 1988, 7; South Coast Air
Quality Management district described, June 1; South Dakota
Department of Water and Natural Resources described,
Nov 1987, 3; STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on, Sept 1986, 10; and
State integration, July 1984, 2
Air Toxics Exposure and Risk Information System (ATERIS):
May 1990, 1
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: See National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse (NATICH)
Aircraft parts manufacturing: July 1991, 1
AIRS: see Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS)
Alaska: analyzes wood smoke, Nov 1987, 3-4, spotlight on ammonia
standards, Mar 1991, 1-2; urea dust in, Nov 1988, 4-5
Alkenes: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation
products, June 1986, 5
Aluminum plants: July 1991, 1
Allyl chloride: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5
Ambient air: California agency's monitoring program for,
June 1987, 3; characterization of, Feb 1984, 4; EPA requires
for ozone and precursors monitoring, Mar 1993, 1-2; FTIR
systems evaluated for, Jan 1993, 6-7; guidelines, standards
available on NATICH, May 1993, 1-2, 7; impacts upon from
California ethylene oxide emissions, July 1990, 2;
monitoring studies of, Feb 1984, 4; Ohio studies VOCs and
A-6
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Ambient air (continued): cancer risk, Jan 1993, 3-4; sampling of
in Alaska, Nov 1987, 3-4; standards for and South Dakota air
toxics program, Nov 1987, 3; State ambient air quality
standards (AAQSs), Sept 1986, 4; TAG emissions limits for
defined by California rule, Mar 1988, 3-4
Ambient levels, acceptable (AALs): emissions from Superfund
sites studied, May 1988, 6-7; EPA report on, Jan 1989, 13;
how derived in Rhode Island air toxics regulation,
Sept 1988, 2-3; information in NATICH data base, July 1989,
1; Maryland regulation requirements for, Jan 1989, 11-12;
and Massachusetts' air toxics control program, Sept 1984, 5;
Massachusetts sets method to derive, Jan 1990, 4; Minnesota
sets for air toxics, Nov 1991, 4; NATICH report on,
May 1985, 2; NESCAUM control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6);
for new source review developed by FLATWG, Mar 1991, 4; and
New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7; sampled in IACP Boise study, May 1988, 6; TACB
monitoring of, Jan 1988, 3; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2; used in New York's research
recovery stack emissions assessment program, Sept 1986, 8;
used by PSAPCA to rank risks, July 1988, 2; used in Rhode
Island nuisance evaluation, Jan 1991, 1-2; Wisconsin
definitions of, Sept 1986, 3-4
Ambient monitoring: See Monitoring, ambient
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists: See
also AC6IH
American Society of Mechanical Engineers: and medical waste
combustor operator training, Sept 1991, 9
Ammonia: July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11; Alaska sets air quality
standards for, Mar 1991, 1-2; de-listed in proposed Clean
Air Act, May 1990, 9; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5; Maryland Consent Orders to reduce, Mar 1991,
5-6; Nebraska investigates emission impacts of, Sept 1989,
3; query to Air RISC on, July 1991, 6; toxicity of,
Nov 1988, 5; and urea plant in Alaska ammonia standard,
Mar 1991, 1-2
Ammonium aulfate: measurement of in IACP project to identify
airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7
APCA: See Air Pollution Control Association
Anhydrous ammonia: July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride: July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11
Anhydrous sulfur dioxide: July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11
A-7
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Anthropogenic emissions: NAPAP prepares inventory of data,
May 1989, 9-10
Aniline: and damage to vegetation, Feb 1985, 4; verified Rfc,
Nov 1990, 2
Anodizing facilities: Nov 1990, 1; GARB controls chromium from,
Nov 1992, 4
Area sources: CAA strategy for and risk assessment, Jan 1992,
1-2; and cancer risk, Jan 1989, 4; CAA studies on mercury
emissions from, July 1992, 8; CTC studies regulation of,
Sept 1988, 5; defined under proposed Clean Air Act
amendments, Mar 1990, 10; EPA begins research on urban,
Mar 1992, 1-2; Minnesota inventoried carcinogen emissions
from, Nov 1992, 6-7; OAQPS document on estimating emissions
from, Sept 1989, 9-10; Title III list published,
July 1992, 2
Aromatics: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation
products, June 1986, 5
Arsenic: May 1985, 6; Dec 1986, 10; Jan 1989, 4; Jan 1990, 7;
Mar 1990, 7; May 1990, 5, 6; Mar 1992, 5; May 1992, 4;
Nov 1992; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California
identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3; compounds listed as
high-risk pollutants, Jan 1993, 2; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; and EPA rulemaking on,
Sept 1984, 9; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Ohio evaluation of,
Mar 1987, 2; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator
emissions, May 1991, 4; and proposed Title III high risk
list, July 1991, 2; TACB reviews sources of, Jan 1988, 3
Arsine: Sept 1988, 4
Asbestos: May 1985, 6; Jan 1989, 4; May 1992, 1; Mar 1993, 6;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; CARB controls measures for,
Nov 1992, 3-4; compounds listed as high-risk pollutants,
Jan 1993, 2; Florida county adopts fee schedule for,
Sept 1990, 3; Florida NESHAP enforcement delegated,
Sept 1990, 4; model inspection program nears completion,
Mar 1987, 10-11; NESHAP enforcement in California,
June 1987, 2-3; Ohio NESHAP enforcement, Mar 1987, 2; and
proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2; Puget Sound
Air Pollution Control Agency regulation adopted on,
Mar 1986, 8; rule for in schools developed with reg neg,
May 1993, 5
A-8
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Ash: as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9;
sampled at city incinerator, Sept 1986, 9
Asphalt: May 1992, 7
Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO):
See Stats and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administrators (8TAPPA)/Association of Local Air Pollution
Control Officials (ALAPCO)
Atmospheric deposition: May 1989, 5-6; July 1992, 8-10; CAA
Great Waters Program to address HAPs and, Jan 1992, 1, 3;
subject of Puget Sound Study, Dec 1989, 3-4; U.S. and Canada
study Great Lakes and, Mar 1993, 1-3
Atmospheric transformation: models needed, Jan 1988, 8; Urban
Area Source Program to study, Mar 1992, 1-2
Automated Woodstove Emissions Sampler (AWES): Dec 1986, 9
Automobile air conditioners: Mar 1993, 5; Oregon rule controls
CFC-12, Nov 1990, 7-8
Automobile manufacturers: file suit in New York, Maine, and
Massachusetts, May 1993, 2-3
Automobile refinishing: Sept 1988, 4; Nov 1990, 1; July 1991, 1
Automobiles: See Mobile sources
Averaging times: and NESCAUM control policy guideline,
Dec 1983 (6)
BACT: See Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD): accelerates
air toxics program, proposes chromium rule, Mar 1988, 4-5;
releases air toxics reduction plan, Mar 1992, 1, 3-4
Benzene: May 1985, 6; May 1989, 9; July 1989, 7, 9; May 1990, 5,
6, 8; Mar 1993, 6; CAA Section 112 ruling on, Feb 1984, 2-3;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; cancer risk study focuses on,
Sept 1991, 9; GARB controls at gas stations, Nov 1992, 4;
carcinogenicity of emissions, Feb 1984, 3; on Connecticut's
draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; as contributor to air
toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; EPA publishes report on,
May 1988, 10-11; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA/OAQPS report on emissions of, Mar 1988,
11; and EPA rulemaking on three source categories,
Sept 1984, 9; EPA rules to reduce emissions of, Dec 1989,
11; listed as high-risk pollutants, Jan 1993, 2; four
A-9
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Benzene (continued): approaches for NESHAP outlined, Sept 1988,
9-11; and fugitive emissions at petroleum refineries/
chemical manufacturing plants, Feb 1984, 2; health impacts
assessed in gasoline study, Dec 1989, 6-8; Indiana rule to
reduce emissions of, May 1990, 8; listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; Maryland Consent Orders to reduce,
Mar 1991, 5-6; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4; in Minnesota urban cancer risk study, Nov 1992,
6-7; NESHAP specifications for, Sept 1987, 12; Ohio ambient
air toxics study finds, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; ozone rules
require monitoring of, Mar 1993, 1-2; proposed coke oven
NESHAP to reduce, Jan 1993, 3; and proposed Title III high
risk list, July 1991, 2; reformulated gas use to reduce,
Jan 1992, 8; Wisconsin authority to regulate sources upheld,
NOV 1990, 4-5
Benzene storage and transfer: as benzene emissions source,
Sept 1988, 10; EPA rulemaking on, Sept 1984, 9; EPA rules on
emissions from, Dec 1989, 11; and CAA rulemaking,
Feb 1984, 2
Benzidene: listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and
proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2
Benzo(a)pyrene: Dec 1986, 10; May 1992, 4; July 1988, 2, 3;
Jan 1989, 9; Mar 1990, 7; May 1990, 8; Nov 1992, 3; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; as emission
from residential wood combustion devices, May 1985, 3-5; and
New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7; study of, Sept 1984, 2
Benzole acid: May 1990, 5, 6; use of residue for fuel,
Jan 1988, 4
Benzotrichloride: delisted as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2-3; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2
Benzyl chloride: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
Ohio ambient air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 4
Beryllium: May 1985, 6; July 1989, 10; May 1990, 5, 6; Mar 1992,
5; Nov 1992, 3; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; compounds
listed as high-risk pollutants, Jan 1993, 2; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; and
New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2
A-10
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Best Available Control Technology (BACT): Sept 1988, 3, 13;
Jan 1989, 5; Jan 1989, 11; Mar 1990, 6; May 1991, 1; applied
to municipal waste incinerators. Sept 1987, 9; BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse, Jan 1989, 6; California agency rule defines,
Mar 1988, 3; and California's air toxics control program,
Dec 1983,(7); cited in California rule on carcinogens,
Mar 1989, 6-7; evaluated for New York film manufacturing
facility, Sept 1989, 4-5; and Michigan's air toxics control
program, Feb 1984, 4; NESCAUM adopts guideline for,
Jan 1989, 6-7; New Mexico requires for new carcinogen
sources, Jan 1991, 3-4; New Mexico's definition is
technology-based, Jan 1991, 3-4; required by Indiana
regulation, May 1990, 1, 8; required by Puget Sound,
Nov 1990, 1; required on Oklahoma biomedical waste
incinerators, May 1991, 4, 7; specified in Kentucky
regulation, May 1988, 3; for suspected carcinogens in
Wisconsin, Nov 1990, 4; T-BACT required in California
proposed rule, June 1987, 2; T-BACT required in Maryland's
proposed air toxics regulations, Sept 1987, 3; Texas Air
Control Board program, Jan 1988, 2-4; Washington requires
for new sources, July 1991, 1, 3; and Wisconsin's hazardous
air pollutant program, Sept 1986, 3
Biphenyl: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Bis(chloronethyl)ether: listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: May 1990, 5
Bromine: July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11; listed as Extraordinarily
Hazardous Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Brominated compounds: Mar 1993, 4, 5
Bromodichloromethane: May 1990, 5
Bromomethane: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
"Brown Cloud" study: conducted in Denver, Jan 1990, 2, 11
Bubble: STAPPA/ALAPCO opposes use for HAPs control, Nov 1991, 2
Bulletin Board System: NATICH Bulletin Board System
communication settings, Jan 1993, 7; NATICH Bulletin Board
System now on-line, May 1993, 1-2; OAQPS emission estimation
products available on CHIEF, Jan 1992, 6; OAQPS to add
NATICH, Mar 1992, 6; ORD's Center for Environmental
Research, Mar 1991, 10; revised air quality models available
on, Mar 1992, 7-8; SCRAM introduced for models and test
methods, Sept 1990, 10-11
A-ll
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Butadiene, 1,3-: Sept 1987, 12; California identifies as air
toxic, Nov 1992, 3; California VOC source test method
includes, Mar 1991, 7-8; on Connecticut's draft priority
list, Sept 1991, 2; High Risk Point Source study on,
May 1991, 8-9; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
in Minnesota urban cancer risk study, Nov 1992, 6-7; NESHAP
to regulate use of, July 1&92, 6; OAQPS publishes emission
report on, Jan 1990, 1; Ozone Transport Commission states
proposal to reduce, Jan 1992, 8-9; and proposed Title III
high risk list, July 1991, 2; regulatory status of under
Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Butylb«n2ylphthalat«: May 1990, 5
Butyl n-alcohol: frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5
Cadmium: May 1985, 6; Dec 1986, 10; Sept 1987, 8; Jan 1990, 7;
Mar 1990, 7; May 1990, 5, 6; Mar 1992, 5; Nov 1992; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California identifies as air
toxic, Nov 1992, 3; Clean Air Act Amendments require
municipal waste combustor standard for, Mar 1991, 8-9;
compounds newly listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; as
contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; Japan's
program focuses on. May 1992, 1-2; from medical waste
combustors to be limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and New York's
toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions,
May 1991, 4; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; as product of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9
California: See also Bay Area Air Quality Management District
(BAAQMD); California Air Resources Board (GARB); Santa
Barbara APCD; South Coast/AQMD; Agriculture Department
regulates emission sources, Mar 1992, 1, 3-4; air toxics
control program case study, Feb 1984, 4; air toxics control
program, Dec 1983 (4); co-sponsors municipal waste
combustion workshop, Mar 1987, 8; develops noncancer risk
assessment, Jan 1990, 5-6; initiates "hot spots" information
program, July 1988, 5-6; local agency program to reduce
toxic air contamination risk, Dec 1986, 3-4; local agency's
study of in-car exposure to air toxics, June 1987, 3; Ozone
Transport Commission proposes use of vehicle emission
standards from, Jan 1992, 8-9; Ozone Transport Region States
continue to adopt low emission vehicles program of,
May 1993, 1-3; proposed carcinogen policy of, Dec 1983 (5);
Proposition 65 and ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 3; PSD
A-12
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California (continued): permit remanded, Mar 1987, 11; publishes
toxics directory, July 1990, 8; spotlight on Monterey Bay
Unified Air Pollution Control District, Mar 1988, 2-4
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA):
Dec 1984, 4; publishes manual on source assessment,
Dec 1986, 4; risk assessment guidelines complemented by
Santa Barbara model, Nov 1990, 8-9
California Air Resources Board (CARS): Dec 1983 (5); amends
source test methods, Mar 1991, 7-8; contaminant
identification and control process, Dec 1984, 3-5;
establishes rule covering permits, carcinogens, Mar 1989,
5-7; and new public information program, July 1988, 5-6;
1807 Program controls air toxics, Nov 1992, 3-4; prepares
regulation for "hot spots," Mar 1990, 2, 3, 10; and
prioritized list of potential toxic air contaminants,
May 1985, 6; vehicle standards and BAAQMD support,
Mar 1992, 3
California Department of Health Services: California site
mitigation (toxic cleanup) document prepared by,
Mar 1986, 6; and CARB implement contaminant identification
and control, Dec 1984, 3-5; workshop discusses proposed
carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (5-6)
Canada: Ontario initiates air toxics assessment, Mar 1988, 7;
participates in Great Lakes toxic deposition study,
Mar 1993, 1-3; Region V conducts transboundary project with,
May 1989, 5-6
Cancer/ risk of: See also Carcinogens; Risk assessment; Risk
assessment, use by States; Risk assessment, methodology;
Mar 1992, 1-2; Jan 1993, 5; associated with urban air
toxics, Sept 1987, 7; as basis for permit application
review, Dec 1986, 5; from benzene emissions, Dec 1989, 11;
considered in CARB toxic program, Nov 1992, 3-4; Connecticut
to use risk factor in standards development, Sept 1991, 1-2;
effects of gasoline vapors on, Dec 1989, 6-8; EPA issues
report on, May 1989, 10; EPA report on, Jan 1988, 8; and
EPA's six-month study, Jan 1989, 7; HEM II assesses,
May 1991, 3; information on 205 facilities posing greatest
risk, May 1990, 1, 2, 9; and landfill gas-fired projects,
July 1990, 6; link with air toxics studied, Nov 1988, 9;
mentioned in Maine radon study, June 1987, 7; Minnesota
studies in Twin Cities, Nov 1992, 6-7; NAS review of EPA
methods for, July 1992, 10; Ohio samples ambient VOCs to
assess, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; proposed regulation to TSDFs to
remove, July 1989, 10; publication on environmental tobacco
smoke and, Mar 1993, 6; and radon emissions from uranium in
soil, Mar 1986, 3-5; reduced by control of air strippers,
A-13
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Cancer, risk of (continued): Dec 1989, 9; reduced by control of
PM and VOC, Nov 1987, 5; related to point and area sources,
Jan 1989, 4; and relationship to toxic air pollutants,
May 1985, 2-3; RIHRA studies models for, May 1993, 6-7; Risk
Assessment and Management Commission to evaluate policies
on, Jan 1-2, 1992; short-term exposure study, Sept 1991, 9;
TOXLT model calculates, Nov 1992, 5
Caprolactaa: Nov 1991, 2; Nov 1992, 2
Carbon-14: Nov 1988, 3-4; as tracer for wood smoke, Mar 1986, 7
Carbon adsorption: as VOC control technology, Dec 1985, 3
Carbon dioxide: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; as product of resource
recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Carbon disulfide: May 1989, 9; May 1990, 5; emissions violate
Virginia regulation, Dec 1989, 4-5; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Carbon Monoxide: Sept 1990, 4; Dec 1986, 8; July 1990, 7; as
emission from residential wood combustion devices, May 1985,
4-5; Japan limits, May 1992, 2; from medical waste
combustors to be limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and NESCAUM
automobile emission standards, Mar 1990, 3,4; and New York's
toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions,
May 1991, 4; Ozone Transport Commission proposes use of
California vehicle emission standards for, Jan 1992, 8-9; as
product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; and
wood heater NSPS, Dec 1986, 7
Carbon tetrachloride: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Sept 1987, 12;
Mar 1989, 11; July 1989, 7,9; May 1990, 8; May 1992, 1, 4;
July 1992, 1; Nov 1992; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
California identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; as
contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and
EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA
reports on, July 1984, 6; link to ozone depletion, May 1989,
7-8; Ohio ambient air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 4;
and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; used
to compare ambient monitoring methods, Sept 1991, 6-7
Carbonyls: measured in Boise, May 1988, 4-5; ozone rules require
monitoring, Mar 1993, 1-2
Carcinogenic Assessment Group (CAG): Jan 1988, 9
A-14
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Carcinogens: See also Cancer, risk of; Carcinogens - specific
compounds and sources; Carcinogens - State programs;
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); Mutagens;
May 1985, 2-3; Dec 1989, 6-8; Mar 1992, 1-2; and air
pollution, report on, Apr 1984, 6; and EPA air toxics
strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA air toxics strategy,
June 1986, 8; and EPA emissions inventories, June 1986, 10;
and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4-5; HERL develops
method to evaluate genetic activity of, July 1988, 8-9; and
IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-6; IACP project to identify
airborne, Mar 1986, 7; and International Agency for Research
on Cancer (IARC) list of, Dec 1983 (6); measured in IACP
Roanoke study, Jan 1990, 7-8; RIHRA studies risk assessment
models for, May 1993, 1-7; and STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on
hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5; and toxic air
pollutants, Sept 1984, 2-3; and toxic air pollutants,
June 1986, 1; and VOCs, Dec 1984, 3
Carcinogens - specific compounds and sources: See also Cancer,
risk of; carcinogens - State programs; Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS); Mutagens; Air RISC addresses
styrene as a, Jan 1991, 5; and benzene emissions, Feb 1984,
3; considered in NESCAUM perchloroethylene document,
Sept 1986, 11; environmental tobacco smoke classified as
Group A, Mar 1993, 6; in halogenated solvents releases,
Nov 1987, 7-8; and IACP evaluation of wood smoke photo-
oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; incinerator emissions
and, Sept 1986, 9; inhaled gasoline vapor as, Sept 1984, 9;
measured in IACP study of woodstoves, Dec 1986, 9-10;
measured in IACP sugar beet study, May 1988, 4-5;
PCD-dioxins as, Sept 1986, 8; proposed coke oven NESHAP to
reduce, Jan 1993, 3; and proposed standards on
radionuclides, Dec 1984, 7-8; residential wood combustion
emissions, Feb 1985, 3; risk values calculated in
incinerator study, Mar 1992, 4-5
Carcinogens - State programs: Dec 1985, 3; Nov 1987, 3-4; and
California Air Resources Board Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 3-5; California discusses
policy for control of, Dec 1983 (5-6); and California's
proposed policy on, Dec 1983 (5-6); California's proposed
rule on new source review, June 1987, 2; California rule
covers permits and, Mar 1989, 5-7; epidemiological
investigations encouraged by California's air toxics
program, Dec 1986, 4; hazardous air pollutants listed by
ACGIH, Sept 1986, 3-4; how treated in Maryland air toxics
regulations, Sept 1987, 4; how treated in Mississippi permit
review program, Dec 1986, 5; Illinois' selection of,
Jan 1992, 4-5; in Massachusetts AAL development, Jan 1990,
4; method to assess as toxic air pollutant, Mar 1987, 4;
Minnesota inventories in urban cancer risk study, Nov 1992,
A-15
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Carcinogens - State programs (continued): 6-7; new ethylene
oxide rule written for California, July 1990, 2-3; New
Jersey program to control emissions of, July 1989, 7; New
Mexico requires BACT for new sources of, Jan 1991, 3-4; Ohio
evaluates risk, Jan 1993, l, 3-4; Philadelphia air toxics
control program lists, July 1989, 9; and results of Chicago
emissions inventory, Mar 1987, 7; risk from in Kansas air
toxics strategy, Jan 1988, 7; treated in California's rule
on toxic air contaminants, Mar 1988, 3; Vermont regulates,
July 1989, 3; Wisconsin requires LAER for, BACT for
suspected carcinogens, Nov 1990, 4
Catalytic oxidation: tested in hospital sterilizers, May 1988,
9-10
CDDs/CDFs: See Dioxins/ Dibeniofurans
Centers for Disease Control (CDC): Sept 1986, 9; Nov 1992, 2
Chamber studies: used in indoor air emission evaluations,
Mar 1989, 8; used in evaluating alternative refrigerants,
Mar 1993, 5
Chattanooga-Hamilton County APCB: cobalt oxide permitting
proceeding, Jan 1988, 4-6; conducts High Risk Point Source
study, May 1991, 8-9
Chemical Activities Status (CAS): report (1982), July 1984, 3
Chemical Coordination Publications List: abstracts from,
July 1984, 2-4
Chemical designation: and statutes, July 1984, 3
Chemical accident prevention and emergency response: See also
Accidental releases; Emergency response; Dec 1985, 8-9;
Dec 1986, 11; EPA program for, June 1986, 2-4; and hotline,
Dec 1985, 11; progress on EPA program for, July 1992, 10-11;
related to SARA Title III, Dec 1986, 6
Chemical industry: Mar 1988, 7; July 1992, 4; and the Chemical
Accident Prevention Program, July 1992, 10-11; fugitive
emissions from, Jan 1990, 2-3; and hazardous organic NESHAP,
Sept 1987, 12; New Jersey's chemical accident prevention
legislation and, Sept 1986, 5-6; New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) for, Dec 1985, 8; participates in Early
Reductions Program, July 1992, 4; and OTS' TRI data quality
audits, Sept 1991, 3-5; and Region VI accidental release
inspection program, June 1986, 4-5; symposium held on
accident prevention for, Dec 1986, 11
A-16
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Chemical Information Resource Handbook; publication of by EPA,
Feb 1984, 8
Chemical Manufacturers Association: Nov 1991, 2; Community
Awareness and Emergency Program of (CAEP), June 1986, 3;
petitions to delist glycol ethers, Nov 1992, 1-2
Chemical manufacturing plants: July 1991, 1; benzene fugitive
emissions from, Feb 1984, 2; and OTS1 TRI data quality
audits, Sept 1991, 3-5; remote sensing used to evaluate
emissions from, Sept 1991, 6-7; as source of toxic air
pollutants causing vegetation damage, Feb 1985, 4
Chemical selection methods: bibliography of, July 1984, 3
CHIEF: See Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emission Factors
Chlordane: Sept 1989, 7; listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III high-risk list,
July 1991, 2
Chlorinated hydrocarbons: Sept 1988, 4; equipment leak rules for
chlorinated, July 1992, 6; FTIR monitor performance
evaluated with, Jan 1993, 6-7; seasonal variations detected
in Great Lakes, Mar 1993, 1-3; work group examines solvent
exposure, Nov 1987, 7-8
Chlorine: Jan 1989, 4; July 1990, 9; May 1992, 1; July 1992, 11;
frequently reported under SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5; listed
as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5; NESHAP to regulate, July 1992, 6
Chlorine dioxide: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Chloroacetophenone, 2-: newly listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2
Chlorobenzene: May 1985, 6; Jan 1993, 6-7; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; EPA draft source/emission factor report on,
Dec 1984, 9; OAQPS publishes new document on, Dec 1986, 10;
Ohio ambient air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 4;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Chloroethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): AEERL identifies potential new
alternatives for, Mar 1993, 4-5; alternatives to, May 1989,
8; link to ozone studied, May 1989, 7-8; Oregon rule reduces
A-17
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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (continued): use of; regulatory
status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; Title VI status
on, July 1992, 1-2; Vermont regulation covers, July 1989, 11
Chloroform: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Sept 1987, 12; Jan 1989,
7, 8; July 1989, 7, 9, 10; May 1990, 5, 8; May 1992, 1;
Nov 1992; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California
identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3; as contributor to air
toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA report on, July 1984, 6;
Maryland Consent Orders to reduce, Mar 1991, 5-6; and
Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; used
to compare ambient monitoring methods, Sept 1991, 6-7
Chloromethyl methyl ether: listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III high-risk list,
July 1991, 2
Chlorophenol: on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2
Chloroprene: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
delisted as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2-3; and proposed
Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Chloropropene, 3-: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4
Chrome plating: Nov 1990, l; Nov 1992, 7; GARB controls chromium
from, Nov 1992, 4; covered by California air toxics rule,
Mar 1988, 5; status of MACT standards for, July 1992, 5
Chromium: Dec 1986, 10; Sept 1987, 8; July 1988, 2; Jan 1989, 4;
Mar 1989, 11; Sept 1989, 9; Jan 1990, 7; Mar 1990, 7;
May 1990, 5, 6; Mar 1992, 5; May 1992, 4; anodizing
considered for MACT standards, July 1992, 5; and California
Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; CARB controls three sources of,
Nov 1992, 3-4; compounds listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; May 1985, 6; EPA proposes ban on cooling
tower use, May 1988, 9; EPA report on locating and
estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA source/emission
factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; final standard for comfort
cooling towers issued, Sept 1990, 8-9; in Minnesota urban
cancer risk study, Nov 1992, 6-7; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma
A-18
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Chromium (continued): limits biomedical waste incinerator
emissions, May 1991, 4; as product of resource recovery
facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; and proposed Title III high risk
list, July 1991, 2; regulatory status of under Clean Air
Act, Dec 1985, 10; rule proposed by California agency,
Mar 1988, 4-5; TACB reviews sources of, Jan 1988, 3;
verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Chrysenes: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7
Clean Air Act (CAA): See also listings under specific sections
and titles; May 1990, 7, 8, 10-11; Jan 1993, 5; and EPA air
toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA prototype scheme
case study on acrylonitrile, Sept 1984, 3-4; Louisiana
regulation uses language from, Dec 1989, 10; publications on
available, Mar 1993, 3; regulatory status of certain air
toxics, Dec 1985, 10; and Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4-5
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 105: grants and co-control,
Jan 1989, 4
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 110: and NAAQS attainment, Nov 1987,
4-5
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 111: invoked in regulation of
municipal waste combustion emissions, Sept 1987, 9; and
standards for medical waste incinerators, Sept 1991, 8-9
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112: See also Clean Air Act (CAA)
Section 112 - specific compounds; Mar 1990, 5, 10;
July 1992, 7; May 1993, 2; accident prevention program
expanded under, July 1992, 10-11; binational monitoring
network to help implement, Mar 1993, 1-3; draft source
category list developed, Mar 1991, 1-2; Early Reductions
Program and risk assessment, Jan 1992, 1-2; Early Reductions
Program update, July 1992, 4; effectiveness of, according to
House/Senate committee members, Dec 1983 (5); and EPA report
assessing toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 2-3; Great Waters
Program update, Jan 1992, 1, 3; and intent-to-list,
June 1986, l; MACT determinations for major HAPs sources
required under, July 1992, 7; MACT standards regulated
under, July 1992, 5; OAQPS continues outreach for major
sources, Nov 1991, 4-5; proposed rules for operating permits
program, May 1991, 1-2; reauthorization of, Apr 1984, 3-4;
requires guidance being developed for State air toxic rules
and programs, Nov 1992, 4-5; revisions to proposed,
Sept 1989, 3-4; and risk assessment, Jan 1992, 1-2; and risk
assessment requirements, Jan 1992, 1-2; and STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference on air toxics, Dec 1985, 8-9; and STAPPA/ALAPCO
policy on hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5; update on
A-19
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Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112 (continued): special studies
mandated by, July 1992, 8-10; Wisconsin "hazardous air
contaminant" definition augments definition in, Sept 1986,
3-4
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112 - specific compounds: and
benzene rulemaking, Feb 1984, 2; and benzene sources,
Sept 1984, 9; CMA petitions to delete glycol ethers under,
Nov 1992, 1-2; and EPA arsenic rulemaking, Sept 1984, 9; and
EPA decisions on trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene,
Mar 1986, 9; and proposed standards on radionuclides,
Dec 1984, 7-8
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 114: letters sent to facilities in
cancer risk update, May 1990, 2
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 129: requires regulating medical
waste incinerators, Sept 1991, 8-9; Senate offer made,
Sept 1990, 1-3
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 182: EPA promulgates enhanced ozone
monitoring rules, Mar 1993, 1-2
Clean Air Act (CAA) Title I: overlap with Title V operating
permits, July 1992, 3
Clean Air Act (CAA) Title III: draft source category list,
July 1991, 1-2; MACT defined under, July 1990, 1, 8-9; odor
threshold values published for HAPs listed under, Nov 1992,
7-8; progress on reducing air toxics outlined, July 1992,
1-2; source category list published, July 1992, 3-4; updates
on special studies required by, July 1992, 8-10; workshop
on, Sept 1991, l, 3
Clean Air Act (CAA) Title IV: Mar 1990, 11
Clean Air Act (CAA) Title V: Nov 1991, 4; July 1992, 1;
Nov 1992, 5; Mar 1993, 2; and Early Reductions Program
rules, July 1991, 2; EPA proposes operating permits program
under, May 1991, 2; operating permits program promulgated,
July 1992, 3; and workshop on, Sept 1991, 1, 3
Clean Air Act (CAA) Title VI: status on CFC rules under,
July 1992, 1-2
Cleanups, toxic: California "decision tree" document on,
Mar 1986, 6; Florida guidelines address contaminated soil,
Jan 1990, 1, 10; measures taken for lead contamination in
Florida, Nov 1992, 3-4
Clean Water Act: permitting program model for Title V program,
May 1991, 1-2
A-20
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Clearinghouse for inventories and Emission Factors (CHIEF):
Mar 1992, 6
Closed system engineering: and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4
Co-control of pollutant emissions: Connecticut considers as a
control option, Sept 1991, 1-2; defined, Jan 1989, 3-6
Coalition of Northeastern Governors (CONEG): conducts woodstove
study, Dec 1986, 8; conducts woodstove study, Dec 1986, 8;
prepares report on woodstove emissions, Jan 1988, 11
Cobalt oxide: Chattanooga-Hamilton County permitting proceeding
on, Jan 1988, 4-6
Coke oven emissions: Sept 1988, 10; Mar 1989, 10; May 1990, 8;
July 1992, 4; health effects of, Jan 1989, 9; Indiana rule
to reduce, May 1990, 8; Japan's program targets, May 1992,
2; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; NESHAP
proposed for, Jan 1993, 1, 3; and proposed Title III high
risk list, July 1991, 2; recovery plants and benzene,
Feb 1984, 2; reductions called for under benzene rule,
Dec 1989, 11; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; rule for batteries developed with reg neg,
May 1993, 5; standard in reg neg process, July 1992, 5
Colorado: Denver "Brown Cloud" study released, Jan 1990, 2, 11
Combustion: see also Incineration; coal and oil, Sept 1989, 9;
EPA air toxics strategy and incomplete combustion, Aug 1985,
3-5; EPA report on hospital incinerators, Nov 1987, 5-6;
IARC study of woodstove emissions described, June 1987, 10;
and landfill gas incinerators, July 1990, 6-7; query to Air
RISC on open dump, July 1991, 6; workshop on municipal
waste, Mar 1987, 8
Combustion, municipal waste: Nov 1988, 3; Sept 1989, 9;
July 1991, 1; Sept 1991, 3; May 1992, 7; Air RISC plans
brochures on, May 1991, 10; CAA study for mercury emissions,
July 1992, 8; ECAO model assesses indirect human exposures
to, May 1991, 7-8; NSPS sets siting requirements, Mar 1991,
8-9; OAQPS sets standards for, Mar 1991, 8-9; and sewage
sludge study. Mar 1992, 4-5; STAPPA/ALAPCO comment on
proposed regulation for, July 1990, 7; study conducted by
CTC/NESCAUM, June 1987, 5; test protocol for development by
CTC/NESCAUM, Mar 1988, 9; Vermont, EPA study emissions from,
Nov 1991, 6
Combustion, residential wood-fired: Mar 1989, 11; Sept 1989, 5,
7; Aspen, CO, regulation on, June 1986, 7-8; and Denver
"Brown Cloud" study, Jan 1990, 11; and emission of
A-21
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Combustion, residential wood-fired (continued): carcinogens
from, May 1985, 2-3; and IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-7;
and OAQPS development of NSPS on, May 1985, 3-5; regulation
adopted in Puget Sound to control emissions from,
March 1990, 6; sampling methods for, Sept 1988, 11-12;
significant in Minnesota urban cancer risk, Nov 1992, 6-7;
studied by IACP, Nov 1988, 3-4
Combustion sources: Nov 1988, 3; estimating emissions from coal
and oil, Sept 1989, 9; National Tier 4 dioxin study and,
Nov 1987, 8
Community Right-to-Know provisions: See Superfund Amendments and
Raauthorization Act (SARA) Title III
Compliance, certifications of: HON provisions support, Jan 1993,
3; Title V program to require, May 1991, 1-2
Compliance Data System (CDS): introduced by EPA, Jan 1989, 9-10
Comprehensive Environmental Response, compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA): Apr 1984, 3; July 1989, 10-11; Dec 1989, 9;
Sept 1991, 7; and Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act,
Sept 1990, 8; Region 6 inspection program and, June 1986, 5;
Reportable Quantity Provisions in, June 1986, 3
Connecticut: Mar 1992, 2; May 1993, 1-3; air toxics control
program, Dec 1983 (7); considers four control options for
toxics, Sept 1991, 1-2; develops HAPs prioritization scheme,
Sept 1991, 2; develops MWC test protocol, Mar 1988, 9;
regulation to control toxic air pollutants described,
Sept 1986, 4-5; spotlight on, Sept 1991, 1-2
Consent decree: issued in Philadelphia incinerator testing,
Sept 1986, 9
Consumer products: BAAQMD control strategies include, Mar 1992,
3-4; OAQPS begins study of, Jan 1990, 8; Oregon regulates
CfC; halon-containing, Nov 1990, 7-8; rule for AIM coatings
developed with reg neg, May 1993, 5
Consumer Products Safety Commission: publications included in
NATICH report, Mar 1993, 7
Control of Air Toxics (CAT): CTC/AEERL now use in modeling,
Sept 1989, 9
Control technology: See also Air toxics control; Nov 1992, 5;
Jan 1993; 3; addressed in MACT guidance, July 1992, 7; AEERL
research on, Feb 1985, 2-3; CAA requires residual risk
assessment, Jan 1992, 1-2; California agency rule defines,
Mar 1988, 3; carbon adsorption as, Dec 1985, 3; for chrome
A-22
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Control technology (continued): plating industry, Mar 1988, 5;
for chromium electroplating MACT under evaluation,
July 1992, 5; Connecticut considers in regulatory options,
Sept 1991, 1-2; cost of, Dec 1985, 3; evaluated for Denver's
"Brown Cloud" study, Jan 1990, 2, 11; evaluating
alternatives under NESCAUM guideline, Jan 1989, 6-7; under
hazardous organic NESHAP, Sept 1987, 12; for hospital
incinerators, Nov 1987, 6; and indoor radon levels,
Mar 1986, 3-5; for landfill gas, July 1990, 5-6; limits of
New Jersey approach to, July 1989, 6; for medical waste
incinerators, Sept 1991, 8-9; OAQPS offsets as an
alternative to, Nov 1991, 1; STAPPA/ALAPCO finds need for
information on, Dec 1989, 10; tests for existing medical
waste incineration, Sept 1991, 8; for utilities studied,
July 1992, 8; workshop on, Mar 1988, 11
control Technology Center (CTC): Mar 1991, 5; June 1987, 4-5;
Jan 1988, 9; Mar 1988, 8-9; May 1989, 6-7; May 1991, 9;
Mar 1992, 6; described, Dec 1986, 2-3; develops permit
review software, May 1988, 8; functions of, Nov 1988, 8;
issues air toxics reports, Dec 1989, 5-6; new computer
models described Sept 1989, 9; program growth described,
Sept 1988, 4-5
Cooling towers, comfort: Jan 1989, 4; Nov 1992, 7; CARB controls
chromium from, Nov 1992, 4; EPA proposes chromium ban in,
May 1988, 9; EPA publishes final chromium standards,
Sept 1990, 8-9
Copper: May 1990, 5, 6; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5; primary smelters as inorganic arsenic
emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9
Cotton gins: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
Creosote-treated railroad ties: query to Air RISC on,
July 1991, 6
Cresol: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Criteria pollutants: May 1991, 4; Sept 1991, 2; Nov 1992, 5, 8;
Air RISC adds to program scope, May 1992, 7; defined,
Dec 1983 (1) ; Florida seeking information on ambient
monitoring of, Dec 1986, 11; included in Connecticut air
toxics regulation, Sept 1986, 4; Japan's program outlined,
May 1992, 1-2; New Jersey bases air toxics program on,
July 1989, 6-7
Cyclohexanone: in Illinois example for air toxics selection,
Jan 1992, 5
A-23
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Cunen*: Nov 1991, 2; Nov 1992, 2; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Data LOG'r™: Dec 1986, 9
D«gr«asing: Sept 1988, 3; Nov 1990, 1; Nov 1992, 7; Rhode Island
regulation of, Mar 1987, 6; work group examines solvent
exposure on, Nov 1987, 7-8
Delaware: Hay 1993, 1-3; joins air management association,
Nay 1990, 2; proposes use of California vehicle emission
standards, Jan 1992, 8-9
Dialkyl nitrosamines: May 1985, 6; Nov 1992, 3; and California
Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5
Diazomethane: newly listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Dibenzofurans: Nov 1992; California identifies as air toxic,
Nov 1992, 3; in city incinerator ESP, Sept 1986, 9; effects
of in Ohio study, Nov 1988, 2-3; and hospital incinerators,
Nov 1987, 5-6; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
and proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2
Dibromochloromethane: May 1990, 5
Dibromochloropropane: July 1988, 8; newly listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Dibromomethane, 1,2-: undetected in Ohio ambient air toxics
study, Jan 1993, 4
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-: .See Dichlorobenzene, p-
Dichlorobenzene, m-: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4
Dichlorobenzene, o-: May 1990, 8; Ohio ambient air toxics study
measures, Jan 1993, 4
Dichlorobenzene, p-: May 1985, 6; July 1989, 10; Nov 1992, 3;
AEERL studies indoor air sources of, Mar 1991, 4-5; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; high levels found in
Cleveland, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Dichlorodifluoromethane: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Mar 1990, 7
A-24
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Dichloroethane, 1,1-: May 1990, 5; and Michigan's use of air
stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; undetected in Ohio ambient
air toxics study, Jan 1993, 4
Dichloroethane, 1,2-: See also Ethylene dichloride; May 1992, 4;
on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; Ohio
ambient air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 4
Dichloroethylene, 1,1-: See also Vinylidene chloride; May 1990,
5; delisted as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2-3; Ohio
ambient air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 4
Dichloroethylene, 1/2: May 1990, 5; undetected in Ohio ambient
air toxics study, Jan 1993, 4
Dichloroethyl ether: listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
and proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2
Dichloromethane: See Methylene chloride
Dichloropropane, I/2-: and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6; undetected in Ohio ambient air toxics study,
Jan 1993, 4
Dichloropropene, 1,3-: undetected in Ohio ambient air toxics
study, Jan 1993, 4; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Dichloro-l,l,2,2,-tetrafluoroethane, 1,2-: undetected in Ohio
ambient air toxics study, Jan 1993, 4
Dieldrin: March 1990, 7
Diethylether: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Diethylhexylphthalate: May 1992, 4; Nov 1992, 3
Diethylphthalate: May 1990, 5, 6
Dimethylamine: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride: newly listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Diaethylforaaaide: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Dimethylhydrazine, 1,1-: Nov 1992, 3
DimethyIphthalate: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Dimethyl sulfate: Nov 1992, 3
A-25
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Di-N-butylphthalate: May 1990, 5; May 1992, 4; Rfc
non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Di-N-octylphthalate: May 1990, 5, 6; May 1992, 4
Dioxana, 1,4-: May 1985, 6; July 1989, 7; May 1990, 8; Nov 1992,
3; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Dioxins: see also Polychlorinated dibenaodioxins (PCDDs);
T«trachlorodib«nio-p-dioxin« (TCDDs); Sept 1987, 9; CARB
controls medical waste incinerators, Nov 1992, 3-4; in city
incinerator ESP, Sept 1986, 9; and combustion source study,
July 1984, 7; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; effects of in Ohio study, Nov 1988, 2-3; EPA
national strategy on, Apr 1984, 2-3; and hospital
incinerators, Nov 1987, 5-6; from medical waste combustors
to be limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and municipal waste combustor
standard, Mar 1991, 8-9; National Tier 4 study results,
Nov 1987, 8; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; regulatory status of under
Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; testing for at incinerator,
Sept 1986, 8-9
Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2-: newly listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2
Diphenylthiourea (DPT), •missions of: and damage to vegetation,
Feb 1985, 4
Dispersion models: See also Modeling; Feb 1984, 2, 4; May 1989,
6; Jan 1990, 7; July 1992, 10; air component added to
selection system for, Jan 1992, 7-8; carried out in Chicago
cancer risk assessment, Mar 1989, 10-11; evaluation of
performance of, Apr 1984, 5; improvements suggested,
Jan 1988, 8; ISCLT used in MWC study, Nov 1991, 6; ISCST2,
ISCLT2 released, Mar 1992, 7-8; ISCST used in Virginia
regulation, Dec 1989, 4; Kentucky regulation requires,
May 1988, 3; Philadelphia uses to predict ground level
concentration, July 1989, 9; PIPQUIC used in executing,
July 1989, 4; predicted ambient concentrations in Kansas,
Jan 1988, 6-7; and risk assessment/management, Feb 1984, 2;
role in Wisconsin air toxics program, Sept 1986, 3-4;
studies under Urban Area Source Program, Mar 1992, 1-2; used
in Ontario, Mar 1988, 7; used in New York's calculations of
PCD-dioxin levels, Sept 1986, 8; used in Ohio sampling
study, Nov 1988, 2-3; and Washington's NSR process,
July 1991, 1, 3
District of Columbia: May 1993, 1-3; joins air management
association, May 1990, 2; proposes use of California vehicle
emission standards, Jan 1992, 8-9
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Dry cleaning: Sept 1988, 3; Nov 1990, 1; July 1991, 1;
July 1992, 2; Nov 1992, 4; Florida regulation of facilities
described, Mar 1987, 3; Minnesota inventoried carcinogen
emissions from, Nov 1992, 6-7; perchloroethylene regulated
under proposed rule, July 1992, 5; work group examines
solvent exposure in, Nov 1987, 7-8
Early Reductions Program promulgated, Jan 1993, 1-3; rules
proposed, July 1991, 1, 2; update on, July 1992, 4
Emergency response: See also Accidental releases; Chemical
accident prevention and emergency response; California
agency's team described, June 1987, 2-3; and Chemical
Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP), June 1986, 2-4; EPA's
Air Toxics Strategy includes, Aug 1985, 5-7; National
Governors' Association report on, Sept 1987, 14; required
under Chemical Accident Prevention Program, July 1992,
310-11; and SARA Title III, Dec 1986, 5-6; South Carolina
agency program described, Sept 1987, 5
Emission factors: compiled for air toxics by OAQPS, Jan 1989,
14; developed for benzene, Jan 1990, 1; development called
for by States, Jan 1988, 7; for fugitive emissions,
Jan 1990, 2-3; included in CARB technical guidance manual,
Mar 1990, 10; new OAQPS branch focuses on, Jan 1991, 6; in
OAQPS pollutant/source data base, Sept 1990, 9; OAQPS
releases 1991 data base management system for, Jan 1992,
6-7; used in Connecticut emissions inventory, Sept 1991, 2
Emission inventory: See also Emission inventory, Statewide;
May 1989, 6; Sept 1990, 5; conducted in Chicago cancer risk
assessment, Mar 1989, 10; conducted in urban air toxics
programs, Sept 1987, 7; EPA compilation of, Mar 1987, 11-12;
EPA surveys Chicago area, Nov 1987, 6-7; EPA/OAQPS publishes
document on, Dec 1986, 10; Great Lakes States develop,
May 1992, 3-5; information in NATICH data, 9-10; and NATICH
data base contents, June 1986, 1-2; new OAQPS branch focuses
on, Jan 1991, 6; ozone monitoring rule to help verify,
Mar 1993, 1-2; prepared by Ontario, Mar 1988, 7; procedures
manual on preparation of, Mar 1986, 11; RAPCA completes for
point sources, Jan 1989, 7-8; Region V compiling for
Chicago, June 1986, 10; reporting requirements being
implemented under SARA Title III, Sept 1987, 11-12; SCAQMD's
compilation of described, June 1987, 3; techniques,
Feb 1984, 4; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO conference, Dec 1984, 2;
Urban Area Source Program studies for, Mar 1992, 1-2;
utility study to assess status, July 1992, 8; waferboard
plant assessed by CTC, June 1987, 4-5
Emission inventory, Statewide: California establishes program
for, July 1988, 5-6; conducted in South Dakota to begin air
toxics program development, Nov 1987, 3; Connecticut uses in
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Emission inventory, Statewide (continued): HAP prioritization
scheme, Sept 1991, 2; data on NATICH, Mar 1993, 7; Idaho
develops Statewide, July 1991, 5; and Massachusetts use
reduction act, Sept 1990, 8; requirements for under
California regulation; Mar 1990, 2; Rhode Island uses in air
toxics regulatory decisions, Sept 1988, 2-3; TACB data on,
Jan 1988, 3; TACB uses to predict health impacts,
May 1991, 1-2
Emission limits: Connecticut to use as control option,
Sept 1991, 1-2; required for medical waste incinerators,
Sept 1991, 8-9; set for new sources by Idaho, July 1991, 5
Emission Measurement Technical Information center (EMTIC):
Mar 1991, 5; Mar 1992, 6; activities highlighted,
Jan 1991, 7; established by EPA, Mar 1989, 7; and OAQPS
bulletin board, Sept 1990, 10-11
Emission offsets: July 1992, 7; STAPPA/ALAPCO and HAPs control
by, Nov 1991, 1-2
Emissions estimation: covered in CAPCOA source assessment
manual, Dec 1986, 5; OAQPS releases 1991 SPECIATE and XATEF;
Jan 1992, 6
Emissions/ fugitive: See also Equipment leaks; and California
agency rule, Mar 1988, 2; Chattanooga-Hamilton County study
addresses 1,3-butadiene, May 1991; rule for equipment leaks
developed with reg neg, May 1993, 5; of toxic chemicals from
equipment leaks, Jan 1990, 2-3
Emissions testing: See also stack sampling; EMTIC release
information filing system for, Jan 1991, 7
Emissions trading: proposed HON requires, Jan 1993, 2
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (ECAO): Mar 1991,
2; Jan 1988, 9; May 1992, 7; completes study of odor
threshold reference information, Nov 1991, 7; develops
indirect human exposure assessment method, May 1991, 7-8
Environmental effects: CAA Great Waters Program to identify
HAP-caused, Jan 1992, 1; considered in Chemical Accident
Prevention Program, July 1992, 10-11; considered in Great
Waters Program, July 1992, 8; Georgia vegetation study,
Feb 1985, 4; Minnesota air toxics rule accounts for,
Nov 1991, 4; SARA Section 313 data base introduced,
Sept 1988, 13-14; Urban Area Source Program to consider,
Mar 1992, 1-2
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EMSL): Jan 1988, 8
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): See entries under
specific offices, regions
Environmental tobacco smoke: Nov 1992, 3; EPA classifies as
Group A carcinogen, Mar 1993, 6
Epichlorohydrin: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; EPA draft source/emission factor report on,
Dec 1984, 9; and EPA report on locating and estimating
emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; regulatory status of under Clean
Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; TACB reviews sources of, Jan 1988, 3;
verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Equipment leaks: See also Emissions, fugitives; hazardous
organic NESHAP MACT requirements apply to, July 1992, 6-7;
OAQPS uses Reg Neg to control, Jan 1990, 2-3; Reg Neg
complete for, Mar 1991, 8; rule for fugitive emissions from
developed with reg neg, May 1993, 5
Ethyl aerylate: Nov 1992, 3
Ethylbenzene: May 1991, 9; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5; Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4; ozone rules require monitoring of, Mar 1993,
1-2; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Ethylbenaene/styrene: plants as benzene emissions source (EPA
rulemaking on), Sept 1984, 9; process vents and CAA
rulemaking, Feb 1984, 2
Ethyl chloride: undetected in Ohio ambient air toxics study,
Jan 1993, 4
Ethylene: on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2
Ethylene dibromide (dibromoethane): May 1985, 6; July 1989, 7;
May 1990, 8; Nov 1992; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
California identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3-4; listed as
high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; process vents, Sept 1988,
10; and proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2
Ethylene dichloride: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Sept 1987, 12;
July 1989, 7, 9; May 1990, 5, 8; May 1992, l; California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; California identifies as air toxic,
Nov 1992, 3-4; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
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Ethylene dichloride (continued): Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA reports on,
July 1984, 6; facility-specific reduction program in Puget
Sound, Mar 1990, 6-7; and Michigan's Use of Air Stripping of
VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Bthylene glycol: on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Ethylene oxide: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Jan 1989, 4;
May 1990, 8; July 1990, 9; Nov 1990, 1; July 1992, ll; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; CARS controls sterilizers for,
Nov 1992, 3-4; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; control devices for, May 1988, 9-10; control
devices for hospital use as sterilant, July 1988, 10; listed
as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; Nebraska investigates
use as sterilizer, Sept 1989, 3; NESHAP for, May 1990, 9;
OAQPS publishes new document on, Dec 1986, 10; and proposed
Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; Santa Barbara APCD writes
new rule on, July 1990, 2-3
Ethylenimine (aziridine): July 1989, 7; newly listed as
high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Ethyl toluene, 4-: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4
Exposure assessment: Feb 1984, 4; Sept 1990, 5; Jan 1993, 5; Air
RISC information directory updated, Nov 1992, 7-8; carried
out for sludge disposal rule, Jan 1990, 7; conducted for
California ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 2-3; considered
in Chemical Accident Prevention Program, July 1992, 10-11;
covered in CAPCOA source assessment manual, Dec 1986, 5;
ECAO develops model for indirect human, May 1991, 7-8; EPA
risk assessment guidelines available on, July 1988, 11; EPA
seeks input to identify HAPs, Mar 1992, 1-2; factor in
utility study, July 1992, 8; Great Lakes monitoring data to
be used in, Mar 1993, 1-2; HEM II available for,
May 1991, 3; methods needed for, Jan 1992, 2; OHEA model
assists in, Jan 1992, 7-8; Ohio uses average ambient
concentration for, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; required in CARB toxics
program, Nov 1992, 3-4
Exposure Assessment Group (BAG): Jan 1988, 9
Exposure modeling: see Modeling, exposure
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Bxtractable Organic Matter (BOM): May 1989, 5; measured in IACP
study, Nov 1988, 3-4
Extraction processes: as sources of radionuclide emissions,
Dec 1984, 7
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA):
Jan 1992, 4; May 1993, 4
Fees: Mar 1990, 2; Florida county adopts schedule for asbestos,
Sept 1990, 3-4; for permit emissions levied by State
governments, June 1987, 11; schedule for required under
California air toxics regulation
Fiberglass operations: July 1991, l
Film making: New York firm to reduce methylene chloride
emissions from, Sept 1989, 4-5
Fireplaces: See Combustion, residential wood-fired
Firewood: See also Woodstoves; King County, Washington, to
license sales, July 1991, 7
Fish processing plants: and Alaska ammonia standard,
Mar 1991, 1-2
Florida: agency seeking information on ambient monitoring,
Dec 1986, 11; air toxics working group (FLATWG) activities
described, Mar 1991, 4; asbestos NESHAP enforcement
delegated, Sept 1990, 4; considers air toxics during soil
cleanup, Jan 1990, 1, 10; dry cleaning facility regulations
described, Mar 1987, 3; Hillsborough County adopts asbestos
fee schedule, Sept 1990, 3-4; Pinellas County evaluates lead
contamination, Nov 1992, 1-3
Formaldehyde: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Dec 1986, 10;
July 1988, 2; Mar 1989, 11; July 1989, 9; Sept 1989, 7;
May 1990, 8; Sept 1990, 8; Mar 1992, 5; Nov 1992; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California identifies as air
toxic, Nov 1992, 3; California revises source test method
for, Mar 1991; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6; in Minnesota
urban cancer risk study, Nov 1992, 6-7; and New York's toxic
air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Ozone
Transport Commission proposal to reduce, Jan 1992, 8-9
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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy: results
available for study of systems using, Jan 1993, 6-7; study
of utilities' uses, July 1992, 8; used by remote sensing
monitoring instrument. Sept 1991, 6-7
Freon 113: May 1990, 8; Jan 1993, 6-7; frequently reported under
SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5
Pual: See also Waste-derived fuel; EPA decides on reformulated
gasoline issue, May 1993, 2; NESCAUM report on gasoline
vapors, Dec 1989, 6-8; New Jersey rule on waste-derived,
Apr 1984, 2; rule for oxygenated and reformulated developed
with reg neg, May 1993, 5
Furans: See also Polychlorinated dibenxofurans (PCDFs);
Tetrachlorodibanxofurans (TCDFs); from medical waste
combustors to be limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and municipal
waste combustor standard, Mar 1991, 8-9
6ACT: See Generally Available Control Technology (GACT)
Gasoline marketing: CARB controls benzene from, Nov 1992, 4; EPA
proposes regulation of benzene from, Dec 1989, 11; EPA
rulemaking on benzene emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9;
Minnesota inventories carcinogen inventories from, Nov 1992,
6-7; PSAPCA estimates regulation effectiveness, Mar 1990, 6
Generally Available Control Technology (GACT): July 1992, 4, 5;
Early Reductions Program offers six-year compliance
extension from, Jan 1993, 1-3; standard for dry cleaning
proposed, July 1992, 5
Genetic toxicants: Mar 1992, 1; July 1992, 10; EPA risk
assessment guidelines available on suspected, July 1988, 11;
new system to evaluate introduced, July 1989, 8-9
Geographic studies: PIPQUIC developed for, July 1989, 4
Georgia Environmental Protection Division: and control of
vegetation damage from toxic air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4
Glass manufacturing plants: as inorganic arsenic emissions
sources, Sept 1984, 9
Glycol ethers: Nov 1991, 2; CMA petitions to delist as HAP,
Nov 1992, 1-2; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5
Great Lakes: See also Great Waters Program; Mar 1987, 2;
Mar 1990, 7; Illinois studies toxics deposition to,
Mar 1993, 1-3; and Indiana regulation, May 1990, 1; and
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Great Lakes (continued): Region V transboundary project,
May 1989, 5-6; States develop air toxics inventory,
May 1992, 3-5
Great Waters Program: See also Great Lakes; binational
monitoring data to be evaluated in, Mar 1993, 1-3; to study
HAPs relationship, Jan 1992, 1, 3; update on, July 1992, 8-9
Ground water: and air toxics, Jan 1990, l, 10; report on air
strippers for, June 1987, 5
Halogenated compounds: FTIR monitor performance evaluated with
VOCs, Jan 1993, 6-7; solvents, Nov 1987, 7
Halons: AEERL identifies potential new alternatives for,
Mar 1993, 4-5; Oregon reduces use of, Nov 1990, 7-8
Hazard index: Nov 1992, 5; used in Chattanooga monitoring,
Jan 1988, 6; used in Minnesota risk assessment, May 1989,
3-4; used in Rhode Island nuisance regulation, Jan 1991, 1-2
Hazard Ranking System: revised, July 1989, 7-8
Hazardous Air Pollutant Prioritization System (HAPPS):
Feb 1984, 5
Hazardous air pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
Hazardous material: air toxics from contaminated soil, Jan 1990,
1, 10; burning of for fuel, Apr 1984, 2; emergency planning
guide prepared, Nov 1987, 10; and Oregon develops training
program on, May 1990, 4, 9-10
Hazardous organics: See Organics, hazardous
Hazardous waste: See Waste, hazardous
Hazardous waste disposal: California agency's enforcement of
regulations, June 1987, 3; document on pathway analyses for,
Nov 1988, 8; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4;
Massachusetts air toxics provisions for, Jan 1989, 2; Oregon
develops training program on, May 1990, 4, 9-10; rule for
revision of manifests developed with reg neg, May 1993, 5;
rule for underground injection of developed with reg neg,
May 1993, 5; Texas regulations on disposal of, Jan 1988, 3
Hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities: see
Treatment, storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDF)
Health effects: See also Health effects - State programs; IRIS;
Jan 1993, 2; as basis for chemical-specific air toxics
guidelines, Dec 1983 (4-5); CAA Great Lakes Waters Program
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Health effects (continued): to identify HAP-caused, Jan 1992, 1;
and chemicals in the work place, Dec 1983 (6); considered in
Chemical Accident Prevention Program, July 1992, 10-11;
considered in special studies, July 1992, 8-10; and EPA air
toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6; of gasoline exposure covered
in NESCAUM study, Dec 1989, 6-8; incinerator study assesses,
Mar 1992, 4-5; noncancer, Sept 1988, 5-6, 8; and NESCAUM
control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6); OAQPS studies
noncancer, Jan 1990, 9, 11; RIHRA research focuses on,
Jan 1993, 5; SARA Section 313 data base introduced,
Sept 1988, 13-14; STAPPA/ALAPCO conducts survey of,
Nov 1987, 10; STAPPA/ALAPCO finds need for information on,
Dec 1989, 10; and radon emissions from uranium in soil,
Mar 1986, 3; Urban Area Source Program to consider,
Mar 1992, 1-2; and VOCs, Dec 1985, 3
Health effects - State programs: and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4;
considered in CARB toxics program, Nov 1992, 3-4; covered in
Massachusetts AALs, Jan 1990, 4; and Massachusetts air
toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7); TACB develops
biological test system to monitor, Jan 1988, 3; TACB to
review for existing sources, May 1991, 1-2
Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERD: Jan 1988, 8, 10;
Jan 1993, 5; develops method to assess toxics genetic
activity, July 1988, 8-9; study to support cancer model,
May 1993, 7
Health risks: Nov 1992, 2, 5; Air RISC information directory
updated, Nov 1992, 7-8; BAAQMD air toxics plan emphasizes
reducing, Mar 1992, 1, 3-4; California develops management
levels for ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 2; and cost,
July 1984, 2-3; and dioxin, Apr 1984, 2-3; EPA publication
on environmental tobacco smoke, Mar 1993, 6; OAQPS initiates
study of noncancer, Sept 1988, 5-6; Ohio addresses for
ambient VOCs in urban areas, Jan 1993, 3-4; RIHRA studies
focus on evaluation of, Jan 1993, 5
Heptachlor: listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and
proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2
Hexachlorobenzene: May 1990, 8; May 1992, 4; Nov 1992, 3; listed
as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III
high risk list, July 1991, 2
Hexachlorobutadiene: May 1992, 4; undetected in Ohio ambient air
toxics study, Jan 1993, 4
Hexachlorocyclohexane: deposition monitored in Great Lakes
study, Mar 1993, 3
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Hexachlorocyclopentadiene: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; newly listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; regulatory status of under Clean Air
Act, Dec 1985, 10
H exa ch lor oe thane: May 1992, 4
Hexane: Sept 1989, 3
Eexane, n-: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Hone Evaluation Program (HBP): Maine participation in,
Mar 1989, 2
Hospital sterilisers: See also Ethylene oxide; Nov 1992, 4; EPA
studies ethylene oxide in, May 1988, 9-10; new technology to
control ethylene oxide use in, July 1988, 10
Hospital waste incinerators: see Incineration/ hospital waste
Hot spots: GARB initiates information program on, July 1988,
5-6; CARB prepares regulation for, Mar 1990, 2, 3, 10;
Nebraska performs dispersion modeling on, Sept 1989, 3; TACB
sampling program for, May 1989, 3; treatment of toxic by
CARB, Mar 1988, 5
Houston: monitoring program described, May 1988, 3-4
Human Exposure Model (HEM): Jan 1989, 8; July 1989, 8; May 1990,
2; updated as HEM II, May 1991, 3; used for High Risk Point
Source study, May 1991, 9
Hydrazine: Nov 1992, 3; listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2
Hydrocarbons: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation
products, June 1986, 5; Japan limits vehicle emissions of,
May 1992, 2; NESCAUM adopts California automobile standard
to reduce, Mar 1990, 3, 4; Ozone Transport Commission states
proposal to reduce, Jan 1992, 8-9; reformulated gas use to
reduce, Jan 1992, 8
Hydrochloric acid: Mar 1992, 5; on Connecticut's draft priority
list, Sept 1991, 2; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5; as product of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): AEERL identifies potential new
alternatives for, Mar 1993, 4-5
A-35
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Hydrofluoroathers: identified as potential alternatives for CFCs
and HCFCs, Mar 1993, 4-5
Hydrofluoropropanes: identified as potential alternatives for
CFCs and HCFCs, Mar 1993, 4-5
Hydrogen chloride: May 1989, 9; May 1992, 1; Air RISC publishes
document on, Mar 1992, 6; Air RISC studies short-term health
effects of, Sept 1990, 10; California amends source test
methods for, Mar 1991, 7-8; and hospital incinerators,
Nov 1987, 5-6; listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance
in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5; Maryland Consent Orders to
reduce, Mar 1991, 5-6; from medical waste incinerators to be
limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma
limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4;
verified Rfc, Nov 1990, 2
Hydrogan cyanide: July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11; listed as
Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5
Hydrogan fluoride: July 1990, 9; Mar 1992, 5; July 1992, 11;
California amends source test method for, Mar 1991, 7-8; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; Japan's
program focuses on, May 1992, 1-2; listed as Extraordinarily
Hazardous Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Hydrogen sulfide: Jan 1989, 9; July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11;
listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5; delisted in proposed Clean Air Act, May 1990,
10; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2; update on special study of,
July 1992, 8
Hydroquinone: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Idaho: examines sugar beet VOC emissions, May 1988, 4-5;
introduces air toxics program, July 1991, 5; sampling
program in under IACP, Sept 1988, 11-12
Illinois: air toxics selection process described, Jan 1992, 4-5;
participates in Great Lakes study, Mar 1993, 1-3; Region V
develops Chicago inventory, June 1986, 10
Incineration: See also listings under specific waste types;
Nov 1992, 7; dioxin/furan testing for, Sept 1986, 8-9; joint
study develops emission data base for, Mar 1992, 4-5; and
New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7-8; OAQPS publishes report on sewage sludge,
July 1990, 9; Ohio studies emissions from sewage sludge,
May 1990, 5-6; and sewage sludge rule, Jan 1990, 7; solid
A-36
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Incineration (continued): waste disposal options discussed,
Sept 1986, 10; study of sewage sludge disposal options,
Mar 1992, 4-5; used for contaminated soil in Florida,
Jan 1990, 10
Incineration at sea: and hazardous wastes, Feb 1984, 6
Incineration, biomedical waste: May 1992, 7; Air RISC plans
brochure for, May 1991, 10; Rhode Island nuisance regulation
includes biomedical waste, Jan 1991, 1-2
Incineration, hazardous waste: Ohio studies dioxins, furans
from, May 1992, 6-7; and sewage sludge study, Mar 1992, 4-5
Incineration, hospital waste: May 1989, 7; corrections to study
issued, July 1990, 8; and CTC, Mar 1988, 9; EPA report on,
Mov 1987, 5-6; medical waste incineration includes,
Sept 1991, 8-9; Oklahoma sets performance criteria for,
May 1991, 4, 7; required by California program to submit
risk assessments, Dec 1986, 4; and sewage sludge study,
Mar 1992, 4-5; study on released, Jan 1989, 14; Wisconsin
requiring LAER contested, Nov 1990, 4-5; workshop on,
Mar 1988, 11
Incineration, medical waste: CARB controls dioxins for,
Nov 1992, 4; Clean Air Act Amendments require regulation of,
Sept 1991, 8-9; OAQPS developing operator training program
for, Sept 1991, 8; OAQPS develops regulations for,
Sept 1991, 8-9; OAQPS tests existing controls at, Sept 1991,
8
Indiana: Spotlight on Department of Environmental Management,
May 1990, 1, 8
Indoor air pollution: See also Environmental tobacco smoke;
Radon; Sept 1990, 4; and AEERL research approach described,
Mar 1991, 4-5; AEERL plans report on products are sources
of, Jan 1991, 4-5; AEERL prepares handbook on sources of,
Jan 1991, 4-5; Air RISC tackles Virginia problem on,
Jan 1991, 5; BAAQMD control strategies include, Mar 1992, 1,
3-4; EPA prepares plan on, Sept 1987, 7-8; EPA report on,
May 1988, 11; EPA's role in controlling quality of,
Mar 1989, 8-9; HVAC system role in problems with, Sept 1989,
8; in-car air toxics study described, June 1987, 3; and
Indoor Air Quality Research Act of 1985, Dec 1985, 9; and
Indoor Air Source Emissions Data Base (IASE) (source
characterization) data base, June 1986, 11; Maine survey of
radon in, Mar 1989, 2; query to Air RISC on references for,
July 1991, 6; and radon emissions from uranium in soil,
Mar 1986, 3-5; RAPCA describes programs for, Sept 1989, 7-8;
as research area for AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3; sampled in IACP
A-37
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Indoor air pollution (continued): Boise study, May 1988, 6;
Staten Island/New Jersey conducts study, Sept 1990, 5-6;
topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO conference, Dec 1984, 2
Industry Assistance Office: See TSCA Assistance Office
Industry File Index System (IFI8): defined, Feb 1984, 3;
overview of, July 1984, 4
Information Resources Management (ISM) Managers: listed with
their duties, Sept 1989, 11
Information (computer) services: IRM managers listed with their
duties, Sept 1989, 11
Inhalation pathway: July 1990, 7; Nov 1992, 3; cited in
California rule on carcinogens, Mar 1989, 6; evaluated in
Ohio ambient risk assessment, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; RfD and RfC
methods used to assess exposures, Jan 1993, 5
Integrated Air cancer Project (IACP): airborne carcinogens
project, Mar 1986, 7; Boise study described, May 1988, 4-5;
description of, May 1985, 2-3; field studies conducted by,
Dec 1985, 5-6; Idaho sampling program, Sept 1988, 11-12; and
project to evaluate mutagenic activity of wood smoke photo-
oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; reports woodstove
emissions measurements, Dec 1986, 9-10; Roanoke selected as
study site, May 1988, 5-6; Roanoke air sampling complete,
Jan 1990, 7-8; samples from identified by GC/MI-IR,
Sept 1987, 13; studies mobile source VOC/PM link, May 1989,
5; studies wind flow and plume dispersion, Sept 1989, 5-6;
study of mobile sources and wood smoke mutagenicity,
Nov 1988, 3-4; and support from AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3;
woodstove emission study described, June 1987, 9
Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN): established to
gather Great Lakes data, Mar 1993, 2-3
Integrated Environmental Management Division (IEMD): ambient
monitoring program on chlorinated organics and aromatics,
Apr 1984, 5-6
Integrated Environmental Management Project (IEMP): Jan 1989,
12; Maryland completes Phase I of, Sept 1987, 3
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): May 1989, 8;
July 1991, 6; available to public, July 1988, 10-11;
described, Mar 1987, 8-9; eight RfCs available, Nov 1990, 3;
files to be added for SARA Section 313 chemicals,
July 1988, 11; Illinois adopts carcinogens listed by,
Jan 1992, 4-5; risk assessment data base, Sept 1987, 14
A-38
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Intent-to-list: and EPA decisions on trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylene, Mar 1986, 9; and Section 112, Clean Air
Act, June 1986, 1; and STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on air
toxics, Dec 1985, 8
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Illinois
adopts carcinogens listed by, Jan 1992, 4; and list of
carcinogens, Dec 1983 (6); publications included in NATICH,
Mar 1993, 7; used in Florida air toxics standards, Mar 1991,
4; uses HERL genetic toxicity studies, July 1988, 8-9;
Wisconsin uses list of hazardous air pollutants and
carcinogens compiled by, Sept 1986, 3-4
IRIS: See Integrated Risk Information System
IsoOctane: Jan 1993, 6-7
Isopropyl alcohol: on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2
Japan: air pollution control program outlined, May 1992, 1-2
Kansas: adopts air toxics strategy, Jan 1988, 6-7; asks Air RISC
styrene question, Jan 1991, 5; universities and Region VII
study remote sensing method, Sept 1991, 6-7; uses Kansas
Further Evaluation Level (KFEL), Jan 1988, 6-7; University
of and EPA Region VII report on remote sensing, Jan 1993,
6-7
Kentucky: spotlight on air toxics program, May 1988, 2-3
Kerosene heaters: compared in MWC study, Nov 1991, 6; emissions
from, Mar 1989, 9
Landfills: alternatives to, Aug 1985, 7-8; California agency's
hazardous waste enforcement efforts at, June 1987, 3;
excavation of and South Coast rule governing toxic emissions
from, July 1984, 1-2; emissions from controlled in
California, July 1990, 5-7; information on disposal
facilities sought, Sept 1987, 15; and NYDEC research
recovery stack emissions assessment program, Sept 1986, 8;
and odor in Staten Island/New Jersey, Sept 1990, 5
Illinois uses in air toxics selection process, Jan 1992,
4; South Carolina uses in air toxics standards, Jan 1991,
2-3
Illinois uses in air toxics selection process, Jan 1992, 4
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Lead: May 1985, 6; Dec 1986, 10; Dec 1989, 3; Jan 1990, 7;
May 1990, 5, 6, 8; Sept 1990, 4; Nov 1992, 3; and California
Containment Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
Clean Air Act Amendments require municipal waste contributor
standard for, Mar 1991, 8-9; on Connecticut's draft priority
list, Sept 1991, 2; contamination from Florida pistol range,
Nov 1992, 1-3; contamination remediation by Texas,
Sept 1991, 5-6; correct OSHA exposure limit, Jan 1993, 4;
deposition to Great Lakes monitored, Mar 1993, 1-3;
frequently reported under SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5; Japan's
program focuses on, May 1992, 1-2; from medical waste
combustors to be limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and New York's
toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions,
May 1991, 4; ORD develops blood lead distribution model,
May 1991, 8; pigments and OTS exposure study, Sept 1991, 6;
as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9;
RfC developed for Ohio incinerator rule, Mar 1993, 6;
Region VII tests portable monitor, July 1991, 6; residential
exposure in Texas, Sept 1991, 5-6; South Carolina uses in
air toxics standards, Jan 1991, 2-3; as tracer for mobile
source emissions, May 1989, 5
Lead paint: Sept 1991, 6; sand blasting contamination in Texas,
Sept 1991, 5-6
Lead recycling: rule for lead-acid battery recycling developed
with reg neg, May 1993, 5
Lead smelters, primary and secondary: at Florida firing range,
Nov 1992, 1-3; as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9; used to evaluate test methods, July 1991, 6
Leak detection and repair (LDAR): used in equipment leak
regulation, Jan 1990, 2-3
Lesser Quantity Emission Rate (LQER): issue in chromium
electroplating MACT standard, July 1992, 5
Letter of intent: See Memorandum of Understanding
Louisiana: asks Air RISC styrene question, Jan 1991, 5;
implements toxics program, Dec 1989, 2-3; prepares VOC
report, May 1989, 9; and special study identifying toxic air
pollutants, Feb 1984, 6
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER): Sept 1988, 13; basis for
NESCAUM top-down BACT, Jan 1989, 6; for carcinogens in
Louisiana, Nov 1990, 4; and Kansas air toxics strategy,
Jan 1988, 7; standards for coke oven, July 1992, 5
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Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL): Nov 1988, 5; how
identified in Rhode Island air toxics regulation, Sept 1988,
2-3; Illinois uses in air toxics selection process,
Jan 1992, 4; and RfDs, July 1988, 6; RfDs and Rfcs derived
from, Jan 1993, 5
Lowest Observed Effects Level (LOEL): Jan 1988, 5; Dec 1989, 8;
Connecticut to use in standards development, Sept 1991, 1-2;
used in noncancer risk assessment/ Jan 1990, 9, 11
KACT: See Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
Maine: adopts California vehicle emission limits, May 1993, 1-3;
air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7); and air toxics
inventory, Sept 1984, 4; Bureau of Health conducts wood
smoke assessment, Dec 1986, 7-8; proposes use of California
vehicle emission standards, Jan 1992, 8-9; spotlight on
Maine Department of Human Services, Mar 1989, 2; State
agency studies radon in air and groundwater, June 1987, 7-8
Major sources: see also Point sources; stationary sources;
Mar 1990, 5; July 1992, 2, 7; and CAA risk assessment
requirements, Jan 1992, 1-2; defined by proposed revised
Section 112, Sept 1989, 3-4; OAQPS outreach on CAA
requirements for, Nov 1991, 4-5; in SOCMI to be subject to
NESHAP, July 1992, 6-7; STAPPA/ALAPCO resolution addresses
modifications to, Jan 1991, 2; Title III list published,
July 1992, 3-4
Malathion: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Maleic anhydride plants as benzene emissions source: May 1985,
6; and California Air Resources Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; and CAA rulemaking on process vents,
Feb 1984, 2; EPA rulemaking on, Sept 1984, 9
Manganese: May 1985, 6; Mar 1992, 5; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; compounds newly listed as high-risk pollutants,
Jan 1993, 2; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; and EPA report on locating and estimating
emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA draft source/emission factor
report on, Dec 1984, 9; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; regulatory status of under
Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
MARAMA: See Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association
Market-based strategies: July 1992, 2; provisions for under
hazardous organic NESHAP, July 1992, 7
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Maryland: adopts comprehensive regulations for toxic air
pollutants, Jan 1989, 10-12; assesses air toxics reductions,
Mar 1991, 5-6; calls Air RISC on nickel risk assessment,
Jan 1991, 5; industry prepared for MACT, Mar 1991, 5-6;
joins air management association, May 1990, 2; passes low
emission bill, May 1993, 1-3; proposes use of California
vehicle emission standards, Jan 1992, 8-9; SARA Title III
data on industries in, Nov 1988, 6; spotlight on Department
of the Environment, Sept 1987, 3-4; studies radon risk
communication, Sept 1988, 6-7
Massachusetts, Commonwealth of: Sept 1984, 5; adopts California
vehicle emission standards, Jan 1992, 8-9; and air toxics
control program, Dec 1983 (4-5, 7); promotes toxic use
reduction, Sept 1990, 7-8; sets AALs for toxics, Jan 1990,
4; spotlight on air toxics monitoring, Jan 1989, 2-3; suit
filed to block adoption of California vehicle emission
program, May 1993, 1-3
Material safety data sheets (MSDS): Jan 1989, 7
n*yj*wff Achievable Control Technology (MACT): May 1990, 10;
July 1990, l, 8-9; July 1992, 2, 4; Nov 1992, 5; May 1993,
5; for coke ovens under reg neg, July 1992, 5; defined under
proposed Clean Air Act amendments, Mar 1990, 10, 11; Early
Reductions Program and, Jan 1993, 1-3; proposed for coke
ovens, Jan 1993, 3; operating permits used to determine,
May 1991, 1-2; proposed hazardous organic NESHAP and,
Jan 1993, 2, 3; required in medical waste incinerator NSPS,
Sept 1991, 8-9; required under Indiana regulation, May 1990,
8; Senate offer and, Sept 1990, 2; standard for dry cleaning
proposed, July 1992, 5; STAPPA/ALAPCO opposes bubbles to
meet, Nov 1991, 2; update on guidance for determinations,
July 1992, 7; update on initial standards, July 1992, 5
Maximum individual cancer Risk (MIR): May 1990, 1
Media relations: used in incinerator dioxin testing program,
Sept 1986, 8-9
Medical, research, and training facilities: as sources of
radionuclide emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): and EPA prototype scheme for
handling toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 3; with Northeast
for reformulated gas, Jan 1992, 8; and State/local option to
evaluate acrylonitrile, Dec 1984, 9
Mercuric chloride: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
A-42
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Mercury: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 9; Mar 1990, 7; May 1990, 8;
July 1990, 7; Mar 1992, 5; May 1992, 4; Nov 1992, 3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; Clean Air Act Amendments
require municipal waste combustor standard for, Mar 1991,
8-9; compounds listed as high-risk pollutants, Jan 1993, 2;
on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; from
medical waste combustors to be limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and
Hew York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator
emissions, May 1991, 4; as product of resource recovery
facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; and proposed Title III high risk
list, July 1991, 2; update on CAA in special study on,
July 1992, 8; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Metal fabrication and finishing plants: and OTS' TRI data
quality audits, Sept 1991, 3-5
Metals: California drafts source test method for multiple,
Mar 1991, 7-8; deposition to Great Lakes studied, Mar 1993,
1-3; emitted by resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9;
metal melting operations, Nov 1992, 4; RAPCA monitoring
trends in trace, Mar 1988, 8
Methane: as emission from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 4-5
Methanol: on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2;
frequently reported under SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5
Methyl aerylate: query to Air RISC on, July 1991, 6
Methyl bromide: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
Ohio ambient air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 4
Methyl chloride: July 1992, 11; on Connecticut's draft priority
list, Sept 1991, 2; Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4
Methyl chloroform: See also Trichloroethane, 1/1,1-; May 1985,
6; May 1990, 8; July 1992, 1; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; query to
Air RISC on, July 1991, 6; regulatory status of under Clean
Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Methylene chloride: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Sept 1988, 3;
Jan 1989, 7, 8; May 1989, 9; July 1989, 9; May 1990, 5-6, 8;
July 1990, 7, 9; Nov 1992; Jan 1993, 6-7; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
A-43
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Methylene chloride (continued): Dec 1984, 5; California
identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 5; Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4; New York moves to reduce emissions of,
Sept 1989, 4-5; query to Air RISC about ozone depletion and,
July 1991, 6; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; used to compare ambient monitoring methods,
Sept 1991, 6-7; verified Rfc, Nov 1990, 2
Methylenedianiline, 4,4'-: Nov 1992, 3
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI): listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III high risk
list, July 1991, 2
Methyl •thyl ketone: May 1990, 5; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; frequently reported under
SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5
Methyl hydraBine: newly listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2
Methyl isobutyl ketone: on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2
Methyl isocyanate: July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11; listed as
Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
and proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2
Methyl methacrylate: on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2
Michigan: Feb 1984, 4; May 1992, 4; air toxics control program,
Dec 1983 (4); asks Air RISC styrene question, Jan 1991, 5;
Michigan Air Pollution Control Commission studies air
stripping of volatile organic compounds, Dec 1985, 2-3;
Wayne County establishes health-based toxics information
system, May 1990, 6-7
Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association (MARAMA):
appoints executive director, May 1992, 8; formed,
May 1990, 2
Mineral fibers: California investigates source test method for,
Mar 1991, 7-8
Mining: cyanide destruction and Alaska ammonia standard,
Mar 1991, 1-2
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Minnesota: Air RISC reviews risk assessment for, May 1989, 3-4;
developing air toxics rule, Nov 1991, 4; studies urban air
cancer risk, Nov 1992, 6-7
Mississippi: announces air toxics permit review program,
Dec 1986, 5
Mobil* sources: and air pollution/cancer report, Apr 1984, 6;
BAAQMD program and control strategy for, Mar 1992, 3-4;
California standards for, Mar 1990, 3-4; Denver's inspection
and maintenance program, Jan 1990, 11; GARB adopts low-
emission vehicle regulations, Nov 1992, 4; and emission of
carcinogens from, May 1985, 2-3; and EPA Six Months study,
Apr 1984, 5; and IACP project identifying airborne
carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; and IACP field studies, Dec 1985,
5-6; IACP studies tracers for PM emissions from, May 1989,
5; Japan's program for outlined, May 1992, 1-2; mutagenicity
of emissions of, Nov 1988, 3-4; new regulations for,
Dec 1985, 8; Northeast moves towards California emission
limits for, May 1993, 1-3; Ozone Transport Commission
proposes California limits for, Jan 1992, 8-9; Region VI
includes in comparative risk, Sept 1990, 5; rule for heavy-
duty trucks developed with reg neg, May 1993, 4; significant
in Minnesota urban cancer risk, Nov 1992, 6-7; summary of
California program for, Jan 1992, 8
Modacrylic fibers: and EPA prototype scheme for handling,
Sept 1984, 3
Modeling: See also Dispersion models; Nov 1992, 5; Jan 1993, 5;
California agency's use of in compiling emissions inventory,
June 1987, 3; CTC/AEERL install new equipment for,
Sept 1989, 9; EPA seeks input to identify HAPs, Mar 1992,
1-2; examples of, Feb 1984, 4; Michigan uses noncarcinogens
having no TLV, Feb 1984, 4; of mobile source emissions,
May 1989, 5; need identified for dose-response, Jan 1992, 2;
and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; numerical, Apr 1984, 2; OHEA
Integrated Modeling Evaluation System described, Jan 1992,
7-8; performed at incinerator, Sept 1986, 9; Puget Sound
rule requires in impacts analysis, Nov 1990, 1; receptor and
IACP project identifying airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7;
RIHRA studies high-to-low-dose extrapolation, May 1993, 6-7;
SCRAM Bulletin Board System applies to, Sept 1990, 10-11;
for stationary source toxics impacts, Nov 1992, 5; TACB
predicts ambient impacts with, May 1991, 1-2; workshop on,
Mar 1988, 11
Modeling, exposure: July 1992, 10; addressed in utility study,
July 1992, 8; Human Exposure Model II released, May 1991, 3;
indirect human exposures to municipal waste combustion,
May 1991, 7-8; OHEA adds air component to selection system
A-45
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Modeling, exposure (continued): for, Jan 1992, 7-8; ORD develops
blood lead distribution, May 1991, 3; used in Minnesota
urban cancer risk study, Nov 1992, 6-7; used to detect
halogenated solvents, Nov 1987, 7-8
Modified Hazardous Air Pollutant Prioritiiation System:
Connecticut uses in HAPs prioritization scheme, Sept 1991, 2
Monitoring/ air toxics: See also Monitoring/ air toxics - state
programs; May 1988, 3-4; May 1989, 2-3; Sept 1990, 5;
Nov 1992, 5; considerations of, Dec 1983 (6); EPA guidance
on applying data quality objectives process, Dec 1989, 5;
Indoor Air Source Emissions Data Base update, June 1986, 11;
network to monitor deposition to Great Lakes, Mar 1993, 1-3;
open-path FTIR systems evaluated, Jan 1993, 6-7; program
conducted by EPA, Apr 1984, 5; program for urban air toxics
described, Sept 1987, 7; for RCRA VOC/risk assessment
program, Sept 1987, 5-6; study of, Sept 1984, 2; used in
study of emissions from chemical plant, Feb 1985, 4; Title V
program to require data, May 1991, 1-2; topic at
STAPPA/ALAPCO conference, Dec 1984, 2; and Toxic Air
Monitoring System (TAMS), May 1985, 7; Urban Area Source
Program to conduct, Mar 1992, 1-2
Monitoring/ air toxics - State programs: California agency's
programs for ambient air, June 1987, 3; and Connecticut air
toxics regulation, Sept 1986, 5; Houston program described,
Mar 1988, 10; Louisiana uses to prepare VOC report,
May 1989, 9; Massachusetts program for, Jan 1989, 2-3; and
New Hampshire's air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7);
and New Jersey's air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7-8);
Ohio bases risk study on, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; PSAPCA uses
aerosol sampling protocol in, Dec 1989, 4; in Staten
Island/New Jersey project, Sept 1990, 5-6; TACB programs to
assess toxics, Jan 1988, 3; used in Dayton, Ohio, PM
network, Mar 1988, 8
Monitoring/ ambient: Sept 1991, 1; Mar 1992, 6; Nov 1992, 5;
Ambient Monitoring Technical Information Center (AMTIC),
Mar 1992, 6; of chlorinated organics and aromatics,
Apr 1984, 5-6; data in NATICH, Mar 1993, 7; Florida seeking
information on, Dec 1986, 11; Houston program and, May 1988,
4; information in NATICH data base, July 1989, 1-2;
Kentucky's plan for described, May 1988, 3; Ohio assesses
toxics through, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; Ohio incinerator study
includes, May 1992, 6-7; open-path FTIR systems evaluated,
Jan 1993, 6-7; portable lead monitor for, July 1991, 6;
remote sensing method studied, Sept 1991, 6-7; rule requires
networks for ozone and precursors, Mar 1993, 1-2; studies
under Urban Area source Program, Mar 1992, 1-2; TACB
evaluates short-term impacts with, May 1991, 1-2
A-46
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Monitoring/ continuous •missions: required for CO from Oklahoma
biomedical waste incinerators, May 1991, 4
Monitoring, operating parameters: proposed HON requires,
Nov 1993, 2
Montreal Protocol on substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer:
May 1989, 7; Nov 1990, 7; Mar 1993, 5
Most Appropriate Occupational Level (MAOL): and Massachusetts'
air toxics control program, Sept 1984, 5; and NESCAUM
regional air toxics strategy for perchloroethylene,
Dec 1985, 6-7
Multipathway analysis: cited in California rule on carcinogens,
Mar 1989, 6; Santa Barbara risk assessment models
accommodates, Nov 1990, 8-9
Multi-year development plan (MYDP): and EPA air toxics strategy,
June 1986, 8-9; and EPA urban air toxics programs,
Sept 1987, 7; for Philadelphia, July 1989, 9; progress
reviewed, Mar 1987, 11; summary of development,
Sept 1987, 13-14
Municipal waste combustion: see Combustion, municipal waste
Municipal waste: see Solid waste
Mutagens: May 1985; 2-3; Mar 1992; 1-2; EPA risk assessment
guidelines available on, July 1988, 11; and IACP evaluation
of wood smoke photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; IACP
study of, Nov 1988, 3-4; MWC study evaluates activity,
Nov 1991, 6
MAAQS: See National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQ8)
NATICH: See National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
(NATICH)
NATICH data base: Aug 1985, 1-2; Mar 1986, 2-3; June 1986, 1-2;
Nov 1987, 2; May 1989, 1-2; May 1990, 1, 3-4; July 1990,
3-6; agency contacts to trade releases under SARA, May 1988,
1-2; capabilities of, Mar 1986, 2; changes in programs and
log on procedures, June 1987, 1-2; contents of, May 1985,
1-2; fees for use of, Dec 1985, 2; function of Newsletter
in, Dec 1983 (2); final development plan for; Dec 1983 (2);
how to access, Feb 1985, 1-2; inception of, Dec 1983 (1);
information dissemination tools, Dec 1983 (2); material
covered in, Dec 1985, 1; menu selections explained,
July 1989, 1-2; new password procedures for, Sept 1989, 1-2;
on-line data entry and editing systems initiated, Dec 1986,
1-2; permit records in, June 1986, 2; portions of available
A-47
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NATICH data base (continued): on NATICH Bulletin Board System,
May 1993, 1-2; reasons for accessing on-line, Sept 1987,
1-2; risk analysis results incorporated into, Nov 1988, 1-2;
security system for, Sept 1986, 1; State and local agency
participation in, July 1988, 1; TRIS access through
Dec 1989, 1-2; using passwords for, Mar 1989, 1; who can
use, Dec 1985, 1
NATICH reports: Sept 1986, 2; 1992 reports available, Mar 1993,
7; carcinogen risk assessment is topic of, Mar 1987, 1; how
to obtain, Dec 1985, 2; list of current, Sept 1987, 2;
ordering procedures for, Mar 1986, 3; price list for,
Nov 1987, 2; purposes of, Dec 1983 (1); recent distributions
and prices, Sept 1989, 2; "report card" grade for, Dec 1989,
2; 1990 reports announced, Mar 1991, 3; 1991 reports
available, Nov 1991, 3; 1992 reports available, Mar 1993, 7;
risk communication report to be published, Mar 1988, 2; and
State/local air agency needs, Dec 1983 (2); State/local air
toxics agency activities, Dec 1984, 1; titles prepared for,
Sept 1986, 1-2
National Academy of Sciences (NAS): CAA Section 112(o) mandates
risk assessment methodology review, Jan 1992, 1-2;
definition of risk assessment, Jan 1993, 5; NAS study
motivates risk assessment roundtable, May 1992, 1, 3; NATICH
reports includes publications from, Mar 1993, 7; update on
risk assessment review, July 1992, 10
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP):
Jan 1988, 3; issues report on anthropogenic emissions,
May 1989, 9-10
National Air Data Branch: develops AIRS Graphics, May 1992, 5
National Air Toxics Information clearinghouse (NATICH): See also
NATICH data base; NATICH reports; announces working group
members, Nov 1987, 1-2; Bulletin Board System communications
settings, Jan 1993, 7; Bulletin Board System now on-line,
May 1993, 1-2; linked with AIRS, Nov 1991, 3; OAQPS Bulletin
Board System to add, Mar 1992, 6; reevaluated in light of
Clean Air Act Amendments, Mar 1991, 3; "report card" results
described, Sept 1987, 1-2; staff duties highlighted,
Jan 1989, 2; two-way message board available, Nov 1991, 3;
Working Group appointed, adopts charter, Dec 1983, (1-3);
Working Group approves objectives and guidelines, Feb 1984,
1; Working Group meets to review activities and plan future,
Sept 1986, l
National Air Toxics Strategy: Aug 1985, 3-5, 5-7; Dec 1985, 11;
Dec 1986, 2; Jan 1989, 3-4; July 1989, 4; Mar 1990, 5
A-48
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National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS): Nov 1992, 3; and
NESCAUM automobile emission standards, Mar 1990, 3, 4; for
lead used in sludge disposal rule, Jan 1990, 7; ozone
monitoring rule requires States to collect data, Mar 1993,
1-2; TSP and 1987 revision to, Jan 1989, 4-5; U.S.
attainment of, Nov 1987, 4; used in Rhode Island nuisance
evaluation, Jan 1991, 1-2
National Cancer Institute (NCI): publications included in
NATICH, Mar 1993, 7
National Contingency Plan, The: June 1986, 3; and EPA air toxics
strategy, Aug 1985, 5
National Dioxin Strategy (EPA): Apr 1984, 2-3
National Emission standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAP): Nov 1988, 9; Mar 1990, 5; May 1993, 5; approaches
for benzene outlined, Sept 1988, 9-11; for beryllium used in
sludge disposal rule, Jan 1990, 7; asbestos inspection
program, Mar 1987, 10-11; coke oven standard proposed,
Jan 1993, 1-3; enforcement and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 3-5; enforcement of standards on asbestos in
California, June 1987, 3; and EPA air toxics strategy,
June 1986, 9; EPA report on, Sept 1984, 3; for hazardous air
pollutants, Jan 1989, 4; for hazardous organics and Early
Reductions Program, July 1992, 4; hazardous organic NESHAP
proposed, Jan 1993, 1-3; hazardous organic NESHAP under
development, Sept 1987, 12; proposed for commercial and
hospital sterilizers, May 1988, 9-10; relationship of
operating permits program to, July 1992, 3; update for
hazardous organics, July 1992, 6-7
National Emissions Data System (NEDS): See also Aerometric
Information Retrieval System (AIRS); Jan 1989, 9; July 1991,
1; used in Chicago emissions inventory, Nov 1987, 6-7; used
in draft source category list development, Mar 1991, 1-2;
used by IACP, May 1988, 5-6
National Governors' Association (N6A): Jan 1988, 7-8
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA):
July 1992, 9; and CAA Great Waters Program, Jan 1992, 1, 3
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH):
NATICH reports include projects at, Mar 1993, 7; recommended
exposure limits used in South Carolina air toxics limits,
Jan 1991, 2-3
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS):
publications included in NATICH, Mar 1993, 7
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National Response Team (NRT), The: and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 5; Regional Response Team, June 1986, 3
National Toxicology Program (NTP): Illinois includes carcinogens
listed by, Jan 1992, 4-5; NATICH report includes
publications by, Mar 1993, 7; used in Florida air toxics
standards, Mar 1991, 4; Wisconsin uses carcinogens and
hazardous air pollutants identified by, Sept 1986, 3-4
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): analyzes Maryland SARA
Title III data, Nov 1988, 6
Nebraska: spotlight on Nebraska Air Quality Division,
Sept 1989, 2-3
NESCAUM: See Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
NESHAP: See National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAP)
Neurotoxicology: Mar 1992, 1-2
New Hampshire: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7);
proposes use of California vehicle emission standards,
Jan 1992, 8-9
New Jersey: July 1989, 6-7; air toxics control program, Dec 1983
(7-8); conducts joint air toxics study, Sept 1990, 5-6; EPA
supports activities of, July 1988, 8; joins air management
association, May 1990, 2; passes first chemical accident
prevention legislation, Sept 1986, 5-6; passes low emission
vehicle bill. May 1993, 1-3; proposes rule to cover
accidental releases, Mar 1988, 6-7; proposes use of
California vehicle emission standards, Jan 1992, 8-9;
studies alternative disposal of sewage sludge, Mar 1992,
4-5; and waste oil as fuel regulation, Apr 1984, 2
New Mexico: defines BACT to be technology-based, Jan 1991, 3-4;
Idaho uses HAPs list of, July 1991, 5; sets air toxics
regulations, Jan 1991, 3-4
New Source Performance Standards (N8PS): May 1993, 4; required
for medical waste incinerators, Sept 1991, 8-9; for
residential wood-fired combustion, May 1985, 3-5; set for
municipal waste combustors, Mar 1991, 8-9; for sewage sludge
incineration, Jan 1990, 7
New Source Review (NSR): July 1988, 2; Mar 1990, 6; BAAQMD
expands program, Mar 1992, l, 3-4; FLATWG improves procedure
for, Mar 1991, 4; Idaho sets policy for, July 1991, 5;
nonattainment permit requirements for, Jan 1989, 5; for
North Carolina, Mar 1990, 2; Philadelphia air toxics
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New Source Review (N8R) (continued): program, July 1989, 9;
Texas Air Control Board program, Jan 1988, 2-4; Washington's
procedure described, July 1991, 3
New York: adopts California vehicle emission limits, Jan 1992,
8-9; air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4, 8), Peb 1984,
4; conducts joint air toxics study, Sept 1990, 5-6; moves to
reduce methylene chloride emissions, Sept 1989, 4-5; NYDEC's
resource recovery stack emissions assessment program,
Sept 1986, 7-8; NYSERDA conducts woodstove study, Dec 1986,
8; NYSERDA prepares report on woodstove emissions, Jan 1988,
11; prepares report on woodstove smoke emissions, Jan 1988,
11; studies alternative disposal of sewage sludge, Mar 1992,
4-5; studies radon risk communication, Sept 1988, 6-7; and
toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7-8; vehicle emission program contested, May 1993,
1-3
NEWMOA: See Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association
Nickel: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; July 1989, 10; May 1990, 5-6;
Mar 1992, 5; Nov 1992; Air RISC and Maryland risk assessment
approach for, Jan 1991, 5; California identifies as air
toxic, Nov 1992, 3; compounds newly listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; on Connecticut's draft priority
list, Sept 1991, 2; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; compounds
newly listed as, Jan 1993, 2; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6;
and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Nickel refinery dust: Maryland, Air RISC and risk assessment
for, Jan 1991, 5
Nitric acid: frequently reported under SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5
Nitrile rubber: and EPA prototype scheme for handling,
Sept 1984, 3
Nitrobenzene: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; verified
RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Nitrogen dioxide: Japan limits, May 1992, 2
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Nitrogen oxides (NO,): Jan 1988, 3; Sept 1990, 4; controlled in
municipal waste combustor standard, Mar 1991, 8-9; as
emissions from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 4-5; and IACP evaluation of wood stove photo-
oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; Japan's program focuses
on, May 1992, 1-2; levels in landfill gas incineration,
July 1990, 6; from medical waste combustors to be limited,
Sept 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical
waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; ozone rules
require monitoring, Mar 1993, 1-2; Ozone Transport
Commission proposes use of California emission standards
for, Jan 1992, 8-9; as product of resource recovery
facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; selective catalytic reduction and
Alaska ammonia standard, Mar 1991, 1-2
Nitrosamines: and Wisconsin's air toxics program, Sept 1986, 3
Nitrosomorpholine: May 1985, 6; Nov 1992, 3; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5
N-Nitrosodimethylamina: newly listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine: July 1989, 10
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea: newly listed as high-risk pollutant,
Jan 1993, 2
Noncareinogens: discussed at workshop, Dec 1984, 2; in
environmental tobacco smoke and effects published, Mar 1993,
6; Illinois selection process described, Jan 1992, 4-5; NAS
review of risk assessment methods for, July 1992, 10; OAQPS
conducts risk assessment of, Jan 1990, 9, 11; Ohio evaluates
risk, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; risk values derived in incinerator
study, Mar 1992, 4-5; STAPPA/ALAPCO issues survey,
Nov 1987, 10
Honoriteria pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
Nonnethane Organic Compounds (NMOC) Program: Sept 1990, 5
No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL): compared to new method
to estimate noncancer risk, Jan 1990, 5-6; defined for
Alaska ammonia standard, Mar 1991, 1-2; examined in
California ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 2; how identified
in Rhode Island air toxics regulation, Sept 1988, 2-3;
Minnesota uses in air toxics rule, Nov 1991, 4; and RfDs,
July 1988, 6; RfDs and RfCs derived from, Jan 1993, 5
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No Observable Effects Level (NOEL): Jan 1988, 5; Nov 1988, 5;
Connecticut to use in standards development, Sept 1991, 1-2;
used in regulating air toxics, Mar 1987, 4
North Carolina: Jan 1989, 9; adopts new air toxics regulations,
Mar 1990, 1-2; joins air management association, May 1990,
2; pollution prevention program in, Sept 1989, 6-7; reviews
list of toxic air pollutants for regulation, Mar 1987, 4
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NE8CADM):
Jan 1988, 7; adopts BACT guideline, Jan 1989, 6-7; develops
MWC test protocol with CTC, Mar 1988, 9; issues report on
gasoline reports, Dec 1989, 6-8; and move to certify
resource recovery facility operators, Mar 1986, 8-9; and
noncriteria pollutant control policy guideline, Dec 1983
(6); perchloroethylene health evaluation document and,
Sept 1986, 11; proposes use of California vehicle emission
standards, Jan 1992, 8-9; publishes newsletter, Nov 1987, 9;
pursues California auto standards, Mar 1990, 3, 4; regional
air toxics strategy for perchloroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7;
resource recovery workshop coordinated by, Sept 1986, 10;
sponsors municipal waste combustion workshop, Mar 1987, 8;
sponsors training course to prevent accidental releases,
Mar 1987, 5; States move forward in adopting California
vehicle emission program, May 1993, 1-3; studies municipal
waste combustion, June 1987, 5; and waste oil combustion
presentation, Sept 1984, 8
Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association (NEWMOA):
provides pollution prevention technical assistance,
Nov 1990, 5
N8P8: See New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
Nuclear power reactors: as sources of radionuclide emissions,
Dec 1984, 7
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Mar 1992,
6; correct lead exposure limit, Jan 1993, 4; Idaho uses PELs
in new source emission limits, July 1991, 5; indoor gun
range emissions may excel lead exposure limit, Nov 1992, 3;
PELs used in Florida air toxics standards, Mar 1991, 4; PELs
used in South Carolina air toxics standards, Jan 1991, 2-3;
process safety standard outlined, July 1992, 11; role in
Chemical Accident Prevention Program, July 1992, 10-11
Odor: May 1992, 7; Air RISC compiles threshold data, Nov 1991,
6-7; Air RISC threshold guide available, Nov 1992, 7-8
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Office of Air and Radiation (OAR): institutes air toxics control
technology center, Dec 1986, 2-3; publishes reports on Clean
Air Act implementation, Mar 1993, 3; and TSDF regulations,
Apr 1984, 5
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS): See also
Offie* of Air Quality Planning and standards (OAQPS) -
publications; May 1992, 1-2, 7; cosponsors air toxics
workshop, Dec 1986, 2; forms new emission factors and
inventories branch, Jan 1991, 6; releases air toxics data
base, Sept 1990, 9; releases emission estimation products,
Jan 1992, 6-7; supports SARA Section 313 activities,
July 1988, 7-8
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) -
publications: air pathway analyses, Nov 1988, 8; air
pathway analysis guide, Jan 1991, 2; air toxics emission
factors, Jan 1989, 14; air toxics program manual, Sept 1990,
9; benzene report, May 1988, 10-11; butadiene report,
Jan 1990, 1; comfort cooling tower standards, Sept 1990,
8-9; draft source category list, July 1991, 1-2; emissions
estimates, urban air toxics, Sept 1989, 9-10; emission
measurement center, Mar 1989, 7; natural dioxin study
results, Nov 1987, 8; PCBs, POM sources documents, Nov 1987,
8-9; releases annual NATICH reports, Mar 1993, 7; revised
air speciation manual, Mar 1990, 9; screening study to
monitor toxic air pollutants, Dec 1986, 10; sewage sludge
incinerator report, July 1990, 9; toxic air emission report,
Mar 1990, 11; toxic air pollutants, sources, Jan 1988,
10-11; updated Human Exposure Model, May 1991, 3; urban air
toxics report, Jan 1989, 14; on urban soup, cancer risk,
Sept 1989, 10
Office of Drinking water: May 1993, 5; NATICH report lists
regulatory development projects, Mar 1993, 7
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR): funds remote
sensing study, Sept 1991, 6-7; issues directive on VOC
Control, Dec 1989, 9
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA): Jan 1988,
8; adds air component to IMES, Jan 1992, 7-8; participates
in RIHRA program, July 1991, 3-5; publishes health
assessment of environmental tobacco smoke, Mar 1993, 6;
studying cancer models, May 1993, 6-7
Office of Health Research (OHR): participates in RIHRA program,
July 1991, 3-5
Office of Mobile Sources (QMS): Sept 1990, 5; May 1993, 4-5
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Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems (OMMS): participates in
RIHRA program, July 1991, 3-5
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE): Jan 1993, 5;
May 1993, 5; develops PIPQUIC, July 1989, 4-6
Office of Research and Development (ORD): Jan 1993, 5; Mar 1993,
6; May 1993, 5; begins Urban Area Source Program, Mar 1992,
1-2; Center for Environmental Research Information
introduces pollution board system, Mar 1991, 4-5; conducts
indoor air pollution research, Mar 1991, 4-5; develops blood
lead distribution model, May 1991, 8; institutes Air Toxics
Control Technology Center, Dec 1986, 2-3; introduces RIHRA
program, July 1991, 3-5; organization and air toxics
responsibilities defined, Jan 1988, 8-10
Office of Solid waste (OSW): May 1993, 5; and TSDF regulations,
Apr 1984, 5
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER): July 1992,
8; evaluates hazardous waste site air releases, July 1989,
8; and National Dioxin Strategy, Apr 1984, 3
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS): July 1988, 7-8; May 1993, 5;
completes emissions inventories, Sept 1987, 11-12; completes
SARA data quality audits, Sept 1990, 7; conducts Section 313
surveys, Jan 1989, 12-13; 1988 data quality audit complete,
Sept 1991, 3-5; releases 3.0 version, July 1991, 7; studies
lead pigment exposures, Sept 1991, 6; works with OAQPS on
SARA 313 data, May 1988, 8
Office of Water (OW): Mar 1991, 10; May 1993, 5; and National
Dioxin Strategy, Apr 1984, 3
Ohio: See also Regional Air Pollution Control Agency (RAPCA);
conducts incinerator study, May 1992, 6-7; radon levels in
dwellings measured, Sept 1986, 6-7; Region V develops lead
RfC for Ohio incinerator rule, Mar 1993, 6; spotlight on Air
Quality Development Authority, Nov 1988, 2-3; spotlight on
Division of Air Pollution Control, Mar 1987, 2; studies air
toxics relation to Lake Erie pollution, Mar 1990, 7-8;
studies air toxics risk, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; studies emissions
from sludge incinerators, May 1990, 5-6
Oil and gas production: CAA study of hydrogen sulfide emissions
from, July 1992, 8; producers support study of halon
alternatives, Mar 1993, 4-5
Oklahoma: sets performance criteria for biomedical waste
incinerators, May 1991, 4, 7
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Oregon: developed portable monitor used by Region VII,
July 1991, 6; develops training program, May 1990, 4, 9-10;
limits consumer use of CFCs, halons, Nov 1990, 7-8; ranks
risk of wood combustion, July 1988, 2
Organic compounds: deposition to Great Lakes studied, Mar 1993,
1-3; as emission from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 3-5; emission limits for proposed municipal waste
combustion regulation, July 1990, 7; measured by Toxic Air
Monitoring System (TAMS), Apr 1984, 7; as products of
resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; regulatory
status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Organic gases, toxic: audit cylinders for, Aug 1985, 8
Organics, hazardous: May 1990, 9; Early Reductions preferred to
NESHAP for, July 1992 4; EPA develops NESHAP, Sept 1987, 12;
equipment leak standards complete, Mar 1991, 8; update on
NESHAP for, July 1992, 6-7
Ozone (O3) : Sept 1990, 4; Mar 1992, 2; AEERL identifies
potential alternatives for halogenated hydrocarbons,
Mar 1993, 3-4; attainment policy for, Nov 1987, 4-5; BAAQMD
plan to reduce precursors for, Mar 1992, I, 3-4; control of
air strippers in nonattainment areas, Dec 1989, 9; and
enhancement of air toxics program, Jan 1989, 5; and EPA air
toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3; EPA requires monitoring
network for, Mar 1993, 1-2; and IACP evaluation of wood
stove photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; link to CFCs
studied, May 1989, 7-8; and NESCAUM automobile emission
standards, Mar 1990, 3, 4; Oregon limits CFCs, halon use to
address depletion of, Nov 1990, 7-8; Ozone Transport
Commission pursues .California auto standards, Jan 1992, 8-9
Ozone Transport Commission: CAA mandates to address Northeast
smog, Jan 1992, 8-9
PAH: See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
Paint spraying: Air RISC reviews risk assessment of,
May 1989, 3-4
Parathion: newly listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Particulate matter (PM): See also Particulate matter (PM) -
State programs; Dec 1986, 8; Nov 1987, 6; Nov 1988, 9;
Jan 1989, 4; Jan 1990, 10; Mar 1990, 9; July 1990, 7;
Sept 1990, 4; and Harvard School of Public Health project,
May 1985, 7; and IACP project identifying airborne
carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; in indoor air and uranium decay,
Mar 1986, 3; Japan's program focuses on, May 1992, 1-2;
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Particulate natter (PM) (continued): limited by wood heater
NSPS, Dec 1986, 7; measured in IACP study, Nov 1988, 3-4;
from medical waste incinerators to be limited, Sept 1991,
8-9; and municipal waste combustor metals standard,
Mar 1991, 8-9; municipal waste combustor study evaluates,
Nov 1991, 6; OAQPS releases emission estimation products,
Jan 1992, 6-7; portable monitor used for lead, July 1991, 6;
relation to fuel switching in "Brown Cloud" study, Jan 1990,
2, 11; from residential wood combustion (OAQPS development
of RWC NSPS to control), May 1985, 3-5; TSDF report covers
emissions of, Dec 1986, 11; VOCs as tracers of, May 1989, 5
Particulate matter (PM) - State programs: and Colorado laws
governing restaurants and street sanding, June 1986, 8; in
Minnesota urban cancer risk study, Nov 1992, 6-7; and New
York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7; Ohio agency compiles network data on, Mar 1988,
7-8; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions,
May 1991, 4; sampling of in Alaska, Nov 1987, 3-4; Vermont
regulates air toxics under, July 1989, 3-4
Particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10): Japan limits,
May 1992, 2
Particulate matter speciation: EPA/OAQPS report on, Nov 1987, 9;
OAQPS releases 1991 data base on, Jan 1992, 6-7; species
manual available, Nov 1988, 9-10; used in draft source
category list development, July 1991, 1-2
PCBs: See Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCDDs: See Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
PCDFs: See Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Pennsylvania: May 1993, 1-3; Allegheny County, State join air
management association, May 1990, 2; local agency regulation
to control waste-derived liquid fuels, Dec 1986, 3; proposes
use of California vehicle emission standards, Jan 1992, 8-9
Pentachlorophenol (POP): emission information requested,
Apr 1984, 8
Perchloroethylene: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Sept 1988, 3;
July 1989, 9; Sept 1989, 9; May 1990, 8; May 1992, 1, 4;
July 1992, 2; Nov 1992, 4; AEERL studies indoor air sources
of, Mar 1991, 4-5; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California
identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3-4; on Connecticut's
draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; as contributor to air
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Perchloroethylene (continued): toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3;
EPA decision on, Mar 1986, 9; and EPA/IEMD ambient
monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; NESCAUM health document
on, Sept 1986, 11; and NESCAUM regional strategy to control,
Dec 1985, 6-7; query to Air RISC about ozone depletion and,
July 1991, 6; regulated by Florida dry cleaning facility
regulation, Mar 1987, 3; regulated in dry cleaning rule,
July 1992, 5; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Permits, operating: July 1992, 2; Mar 1993, 2; May 1993, 2, 4;
EPA prepares permit review support, Mar 1987, 11; and
expedited review for minor modifications, July 1992, 3;
overlap with Title III, July 1992, 3; program for
promulgated, July 1992, 3; proposed HON recognize provisions
for, Jan 1993, 3; Title V program for described, May 1991,
1-2
Permitting: Aspen, CO, uses for woodburning regulation,
June 1986, 7-8; CAA Section 112(1) addresses, Nov 1992, 4-5;
California proposed rule on, June 1987, 2-3; California rule
covers carcinogens and, Mar 1989, 5-7; CAPCOA source
assessment manual designed to assist, Dec 1986, 4-5; for
chemical company emitting cobalt oxide, Jan 1988, 4-6; and
Connecticut's air toxics control regulation, Sept 1986, 4-5;
and CTC, Mar 1988, 9; CTC/NJDEP develop software for,
May 1988, 8; Florida couples air review with contaminated
soil, Jan 1990, 1, 10; Houston monitoring program and,
May 1988, 3-4; and Indiana's air toxics program, May 1990,
8; information in NATICH data base, July 1989, 1; Maryland
process described, Sept 1987, 3-4; and Monterey Bay (CA)
agency rule, Mar 1988, 2; new Mississippi program on,
Dec 1986, 5; Nebraska regulations on, Sept 1989, 2-3;
NESCAUM adopts BACT guideline to promote consistency in,
Jan 1989, 6-7; and New York/Michigan's air toxics control
programs, Feb 1984, 4; report on agency fees for, June 1987,
11; requirements under new North Carolina air regulations,
Mar 1990, 2; Rhode Island air toxics regulation and,
Sept 1988, 3; TACB policies on, Jan 1988, 2-3; workshop on,
Mar 1988, 11
Pesticides: May 1989, 6; Sept 1989, 7; May 1992, 7; CTC/Florida
evaluate emissions from burning of plastic containers for,
Sept 1988, 4; dioxin contamination of, Apr 1984, 3;
monitored in Great Lakes study, Mar 1993, 1-3; NESHAP to
regulate, July 1992, 6; rule for emergency exemptions
developed with reg neg, May 1993, 4; TACB establishes
monitoring network for, May 1989, 2-3
Petroleum refineries: benzene fugitive emissions from, Feb 1984,
2; and OTS1 TRI data quality audits, Sept 1991, 3-5
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Pharmaceuticals manufacturing: EPA proposes regulation of
benzene from, Dec 1989, 9; medical waste incinerators at to
be regulated, Sept 1991, 8-9; NESHAP to regulate, July 1992,
6; and odor in Staten Island/New Jersey, Sept 1990, 5
Phenol: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
on Connecticut's draft priority list. Sept 1991, 2;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; RfC
non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Philadelphia, City of: July 1989, 8-9; air toxics control
program, Dec 1983 (4); testing for dioxins at incinerator,
Sept 1986, 8-9; joins air management association,
May 1990, 2
Phosgene: May 1985, 6; Sept 1988, 4; July 1990, 9; July 1992,
11; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; EPA report on locating and
estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA draft
source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; listed as
Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
and proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2; RfC
non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Phosphine: newly listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Phosphoric acid: frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5
Phosphorus: newly listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Phosphorus plants, elemental: as sources of radionuclide
emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Phosphorus trichloride: listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous
Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS): to be
established in ozone nonattainment areas, Mar 1993, 1-2
Photochemical oxidants: EPA rule requires ozone monitoring
network, Mar 1993, 1-2; Japan limits, May 1992, 2
Point sources: See also Major sources; Stationary sources;
Jan 1989, 4; and cancer risk, Jan 1989, 4; Chattanooga-
Hamilton County studies high risk, May 1991, 8-9; data base
cross-references with toxic air pollutants, Sept 1990, 9;
Minnesota inventories carcinogen emissions from, Nov 1992,
6-7; OAQPS document on estimating emissions from, Sept 1989,
9-10; OAQPS publishes emission report on, Mar 1990, 11;
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Point sources (continued): programs for high risk, May 1989, 3;
RAPCA emission inventory of, Jan 1989, 7-8; remote sensing
and high risk, Sept 1991, 6-7; and STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on
hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5
Pollution prevention: 1991 TRI data include measures taken for,
May 1993, 6; Massachusetts offers technical assistance on,
Sept 1990, 8; and Massachusetts survey of toxics use,
Sept 1990, 8; and Massachusetts Toxic Use Reduction Act,
Sept 1990, 7-8; NEWMOA provides technical assistance,
Nov 1990, 5; North Carolina program described, Sept 1989,
6-7; required under proposed dry cleaning standard,
July 1992, 5; 1991 TRI data includes measures for,
May 1993, 6
Polybutadiene: NESHAP to regulate, July 1992, 6
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): May 1985, 6; Mar 1990, 8;
May 1990, 8; Mar 1992, 5; May 1992, 4; Nov 1992, 3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; deposition to Great Lakes
monitored, Mar 1993, 1-3; EPA/OAQPS reports on, Nov 1987,
8-9; excluded in past from sludge incineration rule,
Jan 1990, 7; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs): See also Dioxins;
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs); May 1985, 6;
Sept 1987, 8; Mar 1990, 8; Mar 1992, 5; May 1992, 4; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; subject of Ohio incinerator
study, May 1992, 6-7; MWC study evaluates, Nov 1991, 6; and
New York resource recovery stack emissions assessment
program, Sept 1986, 7-8; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): See also Furans;
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs); Mar 1990, 8; Mar 1992, 5;
May 1992, 4; MWC study evaluates, Nov 1991, 6; subject of
Ohio incinerator study, May 1992, 6-7
Polycyelic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): May 1985, 6; Sept 1987,
9; Dec 1989, 3; Mar 1990, 8; Mar 1992, 5; May 1992, 4;
Nov 1992, 3; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; covered in
Ontario air toxics assessment, Mar 1988, 7; deposition to
Great Lakes monitored, Mar 1993, 1-3; and New York's toxic
air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (continued): possible
control under Indiana regulation, May 1990, 8; ratio of
studied in woodstove tracers, June 1987, 9-10; use of in
GC/MI-R, Sept 1987, 13
Polycyclic organic matter (POM): Dec 1986, 8; Jan 1989, 4;
Mar 1989, 11; EPA/OAQPS reports on, Nov 1987, 8-9; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; and IACP
woodstove emission measurement, Dec 1986, 9-10; in Minnesota
urban cancer risk study, Nov 1992, 6-7; proposed coke oven
NESHAP to reduce, Jan 1993, 3; and wood heater NSPS,
Dec 1986, 7
Polyester resin manufacturing: Nov 1990, 1; EPA testing program
underway, Jan 1992, 6-7
Power plants: Rhode Island nuisance regulation includes,
Jan 1991, 1-2
Power plants, coal-fired: all major air toxics sources in New
Mexico, Jan 1991, 3-4
Printing: July 1991, 1
Prioritization: California Air Resources Board use of for
potential toxic air contaminants, May 1985, 6; and drafting
carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6); and New York air toxics
control program, Dec 1983 (8); and toxic air pollutants,
Feb 1984, 5
Program Integration Project Queries Using Interactive commands
(PIPQUIC): described, July 1989, 4-6
Propanol, 2-: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Propylene: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation
products, June 1986, 5
Propylene dichloride: July 1989, 9
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Propylene oxide: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; Nov 1992, 3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Propylenimine (2-methyl aziridine): listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and proposed Title III high risk
list, July 1991, 2
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Publicly owned Treatment Works (POTWs): Sept 1990, 7; as
contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2; releases to
overestimated in TRI, Sept 1991, 3-5; and sludge disposal
rule, Jan 1990, 7
Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency (PSAPCA): asbestos
regulation adopted by, Mar 1986, 8; evaluates air toxics
program, Mar 1990, 6-7; Idaho uses HAPs list of, July 1991,
5; regulates air toxics, Nov 1990, l; spotlight on,
July 1988, 2-4; urban air toxics study described, June 1987,
7; and waste-derived fuel regulation, Dec 1985, 4-5
Pulp mills: July 1991, 1; query to Air RISC on, July 1991, 6
Pyridine: May 1990, 8
Quinone: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
RACT: See Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)
Radiation: monitoring at Oklahoma biomedical waste incinerators
required for, May 1991, 4, 7
Radionuclides: May 1985, 6; Nov 1992, 3; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; and withdrawal of EPA proposed standards for,
Dec 1984, 7-8
Radium: facility wastes and radon emissions from, Mar 1986, 3
Radon: Sept 1989, 7; Sept 1990, 4; and indoor air, Mar 1986,
3-5; Maine survey on, Mar 1989, 2; measured in Ohio,
Sept 1986, 6-7; and proposed standards on radionuclides,
Dec 1984, 8; RAPCA tests for in schools, Mar 1989, 3-4;
RAPCA's study results described, Mar 1987, 6-8; requirements
of Superfund provisions on, Mar 1989, 8; risk communication
programs for, Sept 1988, 6-7; studied in Maine,
June 1987, 7-8
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT): Sept 1988, 13;
Jan 1989, 5; specified in Kentucky regulation, May 1988, 3;
used in PM control at chemical manufacturer in Tennessee,
Jan 1988, 4
Reference concentrations (RfC), inhalation: See also Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS); Reference doses/ (RfD)
inhalation; Jan 1992, 2; Jan 1993, 2, 3; 39 finalized,
Nov 1990, 1; interspecies uncertainty factor modified,
Jan 1993, 5; for lead developed for Ohio incinerator rule,
Mar 1993, 6; Ohio calculates noncarcinogen risk with,
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Reference concentrations (RfC), inhalation (continued):
Jan 1993, 4; used in Minnesota AALs, Nov 1991, 4; used in
Rhode Island nuisance regulation, Jan 1991, 1-2; RIHRA
research update on, Jan 1993, 5
Reference doses (RfD), inhalation: See also Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS); Reference doses, (RfC)
inhalation; Jan 1988, 5; defined by OHEA, July 1988, 6-7;
methodology developed for, July 1988, 6-7; RIHRA research
update on, Jan 1993, 5
Reference doses (RfD), oral: See also IRIS; July 1988, 6;
July 1991, 4; methodology explained, May 1989, 8-9; used in
Rhode Island nuisance regulation, Jan 1991, 1-2; RIHRA
research update on, Jan 1993, 5
Reference matrix isolation infrared spectral library:
Sept 1987, 13
Refineries: and odor in Staten Island/New Jersey, Sept 1990, 5;
are major air toxics sources in New Mexico, Jan 1991, 3-4;
wastes from, July 1984, 2
Region II: conducts joint air toxics study, Sept 1990, 5-6
Region III: conducts dioxin/furan incinerator testing,
Sept 1986, 8-9
Region IV: sponsors air toxics management workshop,
Feb 1984, 3-5
Region V: conducts air toxics inventory (Chicago), June 1986,
10; develops lead RfC for Ohio incinerator rule, Mar 1993,
6; launches Great Lakes transboundary project, May 1989,
5-6; supports Great Lakes inventory effort, May 1992, 4
Region VI: accidental release program, June 1986, 4-5;
participates in EPA comparative risk project,
Sept 1990, 4-5; sponsors air toxics workshop, Feb 1984, 5-6
Region VII: evaluates open-path FTIR monitoring, Jan 1993, 6-7;
evaluates portable lead monitor, July 1991, 6; studies air
toxics with remote sensing, Sept 1991, 6-7
Region IX: develops noncancer risk assessment, Jan 1990, 5-6
Region Z: completes VOC risk assessment, Sept 1987, 5-6;
developed portable monitor used by Region VII, July 1991, 6;
organizes retreats for air toxics coordinators, Jan 1990
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Regional Air Pollution Control Agency (RAPCA): compiles PM
network data, Mar 1988, 7-8; completes point source emission
inventory, Jan 1989, 7-8; describes indoor air program,
Sept 1989, 7-8; measures Ohio radon levels, Sept 1986, 6-7;
results of radon study described, Mar 1987, 6-8; tests for
radon in schools, Mar 1989, 3-4; toxic emissions data base
described, June 1987, 10
Regional Coordinators: role of, May 1988, 7
Regional deposited dose ratios (RDDRs): function in RfD
derivation, July 1988, 7
Regional Response Team (RRT): and Chemical Emergency
Preparedness Program, June 1986, 3-4; and EPA air toxics
strategy, Aug 1985, 5
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS):
Jan 1992, 4
Regulatory Negotiation ("Reg Keg"): July 1992, 2; coke oven
standard in process of, July 1992, 5; EPA success with,
May 1993, 4-6; equipment leak MACT developed by, July 1992,
6-7; for equipment leaks complete, Mar 1991, 8; used to
draft regulations on equipment leaks, Jan 1990, 2-3; used to
draft wood heater NSPS, Dec 1986, 7; produces proposed coke
oven NESHAP, Jan 1993, 3
Remediation: Florida guidelines address contaminated soil,
Jan 1990, 1, 10
Remote sensing: methods development for air toxics monitoring,
Sept 1991, 6-7; study compares to canister method,
Sept 1991, 6-7
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group (REAG): Jan 1988, 9
Reproductive toxicology: see also Health effects; Toxicity
testing; Mar 1992, 1-2
Residential Wood Combustion (RWC): See Combustion, residential
wood-fired
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): July 1989, 8;
Sept 1990, 4; May 1993, 5; authority for development of
standards for hazardous waste TSDF, July 1989, 9-10; and
Chicago emissions inventory, Mar 1987, 7; facilities
assessment completed in Idaho, Sept 1987, 5-6; rule for
minor permits modification developed with reg neg, May 1993,
5; and TSDF regulations, Apr 1984, 5
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Resource recovery facility: certification of operators of,
Mar 1986, 8-9; facilities required by California program to
submit risk assessments, Dec 1986, 4; NESCAUM coordinates
workshop on, Sept 1986, 10; New York program on stack
emissions, Sept 1986, 7-8; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7-8; Rhode
Island nuisance regulation requires risk assessment for,
Jan 1991, 1-2
Resource Recovery Facility Emission Characterization (RRFECS):
See Hew York
Rhode Island: May 1993, 1-3; amends nuisance regulation,
Jan 1991, 1-2; program to monitor solvents in ambient air,
Mar 1987, 5-6; proposes use of California vehicle emission
standards, Jan 1992, 8-9; spotlight on Division of Air and
Hazardous Materials, Sept 1988, 2-4
Right-to-know amendments: and Chemical Emergency Preparedness
Program (CEPP), June 1986, 4; and Superfund, Dec 1985, 9;
and workers with respect to chemical health effects,
Dec 1983 (6)
RIHRA (Research to Improve Health Risk Assessments) Program:
focuses on improved RfD/RfC methodology, Jan 1993, 5;
introduced, July 1991, 3-5; sponsors route-to-route
extrapolation workshops, July 1991, 4; studies cancer
modeling, May 1993, 6-7
Risk/ Negligible: defined under proposed Clean Air Act
Amendments, May 1990, 11; Senate offer and, Sept 1990, 3
Risk/ Residual: CARB considers in toxic controls selection,
Nov 1992, 4; Connecticut control technology option requires
addressing, Sept 1991, 1-2; defined under proposed Clean Air
Act Amendments, May 1990, 11; Senate offer and, Sept 1990, 2
Risk assessment: See also Air RISC; Cancer, risk of; Integrated
Risk Information system (IRIS); RIHRA; Risk assessment/
noncancer; Risk assessment, specific compounds and sources;
Risk assessment, use by states; Risk assessment methodology;
Feb 1984, 4; May 1988, 5; May 1989, 6; Dec 1989, 5;
Sept 1990, 5; Nov 1992, 5; and air toxics, Feb 1984, 2; and
Clean Air Act, Dec 1983 (5); conducted in urban air toxics
programs, Sept 1987, 7; EPA forum on, Nov 1988, 7-8; EPA
Region X study described, Sept 1987, 5-6; EPA seeks input to
identify HAPs, Mar 1992, 1-2; HERL study of process needs,
Jan 1988, 10; information on NATICH, Mar 1993, 7; and NATICH
data base, June 1986, 1-2; new models for released,
Nov 1992, 5; for point sources in NATICH, Nov 1988, 1-2;
Region VI compares for 22 emission control problems,
Sept 1990, 4-5; required under new Clean Air Act, July 1990,
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Risk assessment (continued): 1; required under Senate version of
proposed Clean Air Act Amendments, May 1990, 11; role in
California permit denial, Mar 1989, 5; role of outlined in
reducing HAP emissions, Jan 1992, 1-2; topic at STAPPA/
ALAPCO conference, Dec 1984, 2; and toxic cleanups Mar 1986,
6; for urban soup developed under PIPQUIC, July 1989, 4-6;
workshop on, Mar 1989, 5
Risk assessment Methodology: document for carcinogens available,
Jan 1990, 9; ECAO guide includes indirect exposures in,
May 1991, 7-8; EPA guidelines available on, July 1988, 11;
five basic concepts of and EPA's use of models to estimate,
Feb 1984, 4; glossary and directory published, Sept 1989,
10; HEM II available for, May 1991, 3; improvements in
methods called for, Jan 1988, 7-8; major issues described,
Jan 1992, 2; methods for short-term exposures needed,
Jan 1992, 2; methods needed for ecological, Jan 1992, 2;
OHEA model assists with, Jan 1992, 7-8; ORD introduces RIHRA
program, July 1991, 3-5; reproductive assessment guidelines
for, Nov 1988, 10; update on HAS review of EPA's,
July 1992, 10
Risk assessment, noncancer: developed in California, Jan 1990,
6; OAQPS conducts, Jan 1990, 9; Risk Assessment and
Management Commission to evaluate policies on, Jan 1992, 1-2
Risk assessment, specific compounds and sources: conducted for
MWCs, Sept 1987, 9; and equipment leak emissions, Jan 1990,
2-3; for gasoline vapors conducted by NESCAUM, Dec 1989,
6-8; NATICH report on carcinogens, Mar 1987, 1; and NESCAUM
regional strategy to control perchloroethylene, Dec 1985,
6-7; of paint spraying facility, May 1989, 3-4; requested in
incinerator testing, Sept 1986, 9; role of in benzene
rulemaking, Feb 1984, 3; and "two-step" benzene NESHAP
process, Sept 1988, 9-10; used in examining solvent
exposure, Nov 1987, 7; and waste oil handling and disposal,
Feb 1984, 5
Risk assessment, use by States: Nov 1992, 5; as basis for
Connecticut toxic air pollutant regulation, Sept 1986, 4;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 4-5; Chicago risk assessment and,
Mar 1989, 10-11; conducted in Chicago for urban cancer,
Mar 1989, 10-11; Connecticut considers for new sources,
Sept 1991, 1-2; first step in CARB toxics program, Nov 1992,
3-4; Maine conducts assessment of wood smoke, Dec 1986, 8;
Maryland, Air RISC, and nickel, Jan 1991, 5; in Mississippi
permit review program, Dec 1986, 5; multiagency roundtable
held, May 1992, 1, 3; new California program requires,
July 1988, 5-6; New Jersey applies to carcinogens,
July 1989, 6-7; Ohio assesses for hazardous waste
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Risk assessment, use by States (continued): incinerators,
May 1992, 6-7; Ohio conducts for ambient VOCs, Jan 1993, 1,
3-4; Ohio conducts for hazardous waste incinerators,
Nay 1992, 6-7; relation to air toxics programs stressed by
California agency, Dec 1986, 4; role in California permit
denial, Mar 1989, 5; Santa Barbara develops model,
Nov 1990, 8-9; used in New Jersey chemical accident
prevention legislation, Sept 1986, 5; used in North Carolina
regulation, Mar 1987, 4; used in Ohio sampling study,
Nov 1988, 2-3; used in Rhode Island nuisance regulation,
Jan 1991, 5; and Washington's air toxics rule, July 1991,
1, 3
Risk communication: Air RISC distributes publications on,
Mar 1991, 6-7; Air RISC helps agencies improve, Sept 1990,
10; EPA program on described, June 1987, 5-6; hotline for,
Nov 1987, 10; NATICH report on planned, Mar 1988, 2;
research and radon, Sept 1988, 6-7; for small risks under
SARA Title III, Mar 1990, 1, 8-9
Risk management: Dec 1983 (5-6); Jan 1993, 5; and air toxics,
Feb 1984, 2; CAA Section 303 establishes Risk Assessment and
Management Commission, Jan 1992, 1-2; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 4-5; in CARS toxics program, Nov 1992, 3-4;
Connecticut considers for new sources, Sept 1991, 1-2; EPA's
integrated risk information system (IRIS) described,
Mar 1987, 8-9; EPA, State agencies improve for radon,
Sept 1988, 6-7; IRIS data base information on, Sept 1987,
14; levels of and Santa Barbara risk assessment model,
Nov 1990, 8-9; and Maryland's proposed air toxics
regulations, Sept 1987, 3-4; and New Jersey chemical
accident prevention rule, Mar 1988, 6-7; New Jersey program
separates from risk assessment, July 1989, 7; plans for
required under CAA, July 1992, 10-11; and risk assessment,
Feb 1984, 2; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO conference, Dec 1984, 2;
used in New Jersey to prevent chemical accidents, Sept 1986,
5; workshop on, Mar 1989, 5
ROADMAPS: introduced, Sept 1988, 13
Roanoke: selected as IACP study site, May 1988, 5-6
Route-to-route extrapolation: RIHRA program sponsors workshops,
July 1991, 4
Sampling methods, source: See also Emissions testing; May 1993,
2; California amends select, Mar 1991, 7-8; California
regulation allows sharing data for, Mar 1990, 3; discussed
at Region VI workshop, Feb 1984, 6
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Sampling/ soil: EPA/ESED report on TSDF covers, Dec 1986, 11;
Florida uses during cleanup, Jan 1990, 1, 10; by TACB for
lead contamination evaluation, Sept 1991, 5-6
Sampling, stack: See also Emissions testing; Sept 1991, 1;
emissions from chemical plant studied, Feb 1985, 4; New York
resource recovery operation program, Sept 1986, 7-8; New
York's toxic air contaminant assessment program on,
Aug 1985, 7-8; performed at city incinerator, Sept 1986, 9;
and proposed rules for Early Reductions Program, July 1991,
2; and resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; used in
Connecticut air toxics regulation, Sept 1986, 5
Santa Barbara APCD: develops risk assessment model,
Nov 1990, 8-9; writes new ethylene oxide rule,
July 1990, 2-3
SARA Title III: See Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) Title III
SCRAM: See Support Center for Regulatory Air Models
Selenium: May 1990, 5, 6; Mar 1992, 5
Sewage sludge: May 1991, 7; OAQPS publishes report on,
July 1990, 9; Ohio studies incineration emissions, May 1990,
5-6; Rhode Island nuisance regulation includes incineration
of, Jan 1991, 1-2; study assesses alternative disposal of,
Mar 1992, 4-5
Sewage treatment plants: July 1991, 3; and Alaska ammonia
standard, Mar 1991, 1-2; and EPA Six Month Study, Apr 1984,
5; and odor in Staten Island/New Jersey, Sept 1990, 5;
sludge disposal regulations, Jan 1990, 7
Sick building syndrome: Sept 1989, 7
Silica, crystalline: May 1992, 7; California investigates source
test method for, Mar 1991, 7-8
Silicon fluoride: May 1992, 1
Six Month study, EPA: See also National Air Toxics strategy;
Apr 1985, 3-5, 5-7; Aug 1985, 3-5; Dec 1985, 11; Nov 1988,
9; Jan 1989, 7; and Agency's air toxics strategy, Apr 1984,
4-5; update issued, May 1989, 10
Sludge Regulation and Management Branch: regulates sewage sludge
disposal, Jan 1990, 7
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Smelters/ copper: are major air toxics source in New Mexico,
Jan 1991, 3-4; as inorganic arsenic emissions source,
Sept 1984, 9
Smelters, Bine: as inorganic arsenic emissions source,
Sept 1984, 9
Sodium hydroxide (solution): frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5
Solid waste: May 1993, 5; EPA to regulate disposal of,
Sept 1987, 8-9; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4;
NESCAUM sponsors workshop on disposal, Mar 1987, 8; Texas
regulations on disposal of, Jan 1988, 3
Solvents: Dec 1989, 11; BAAQMD control strategies include,
Mar 1992, 1, 3-4; Nebraska regulations to limit emissions,
Sept 1989, 3; new technology avoids in cleaning printing
equipment, May 1989, 7; recycling emissions controlled by
national standards, July 1989, 9-10; Rhode Island program to
monitor ambient levels of, Mar 1987, 5-6
Source assessment: CAPCOA publishes manual on, Dec 1986, 4;
research needs in outlined, Jan 1988, 7-8
Source categories: Nov 1992, 1; draft list developed under Clean
Air Act Amendments, Mar 1991, 1-2; initial list of
published, July 1992, 3-4; to be listed under proposed Clean
Air Act Amendments, May 1990, 10; risk assessment used to
evaluate list of, Jan 1992, 1-2; schedule for emission
standards proposed, Jan 1993, 3
Source Evaluation Society: Jan 1991, 7
Source, Major: See Major sources
Source sampling methods: See Emissions testing; Sampling
methods, source
South Carolina: county agency community awareness and emergency
response program, Sept 1987, 5; regulates air toxics,
Jan 1991, 2-3
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD): controls
landfill gas emissions, July 1990, 5-7; establishes rule
covering permits, carcinogens, Mar 1989, 5-7; and rule
governing toxic emissions from landfills, July 1984, 1-2;
spotlight on, June 1987, 2-3
South Dakota: spotlight on Department of Water and Natural
Resources, Nov 1987, 3
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Speciation factors: manual on, Nov 1988, 9-10; OAQPS releases
data base for VOC and PM, Jan 1991, 6; OAQPS releases 1991
edition of VOC/PM data base, Jan 1992, 6-7; OAQPS revises
manual on, Mar 1990, 9, 10
Stack sampling: See Emissions tasting; Sampling, stack
STAPPA: See State and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administrators
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
(STAPPA)/Association of Local Air Pollution Control
Officials (ALAPCO): July 1984, 6; Sept 1984, 8; Dec 1984,
2-3; Mar 1992, 2; May 1992, 1, 3; adopt resolutions on four
Clean Air Act issues, Nov 1991, 1; and appointment of air
toxics policy work group, Feb 1984, 6; cohosts Title III
workshop, Sept 1991, 1, 3; comments on proposed municipal
waste combustion regulations, July 1990, 7; conducts
noncancer survey, Nov 1987, 10; conference on air toxics
control, Sept 1986, 10; conference on air toxics control,
Dec 1985, 8-9; conferences of, Dec 1983 (3-4); coordinates
SARA Section 313 data collection, July 1988, 7; and EPA air
toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; members of NATICH working
group meet. Sept 1986, l; and NATICH, Dec 1983 (l); and
NATICH data base, Dec 1985, 1-2; national air toxics
workshops sponsored by, June 1987, 8; and policy on
hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5; prepares report on
air permit and emissions fees, June 1987, 11; and EPA Six
Months Study, Apr 1984, 5-6; releases survey results for
State and local agencies, Dec 1989, 10; sponsors urban air
toxics workshops, Mar 1989, 9-10; survey of toxic air
pollutants, Feb 1984, 6; updates toxic air pollutant report,
Nov 1988, 9
State Implementation Plan (SIP): May 1992, 8; and co-control of
air pollutants, Jan 1989, 4-6; and EPA's national air toxics
strategy, Nov 1987, 4; EPA seeks input to identify HAPs,
Mar 1992, 1-2; Title V permit to include requirements under,
May 1991, 1-2
State/local air toxics control agencies: July 1984, 2, 4;
Dec 1985, 8; May 1993, 4; EPA to enhance programs of,
June 1986, 8-10; guidance for rules and programs under
development, Nov 1992, 4-5; information on in OAQPS,
Mar 1992, 6; NATICH data base contains information on,
Mar 1993, 7; NATICH report on activities, Dec 1984, 1; OAQPS
publishes manual for, Sept 1990, 9; partnership with Federal
agencies, Aug 1985, 3-4; technical assistance for, Dec 1984,
2; use TRI data, Jan 1990, 4-5
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Stationary sources: See also Point sources; Major sources;
Sept 1987, 8; and Air Pollution/Cancer report, Apr 1984, 6;
audit cylinders available for, Aug 1985, 8; California rules
to reduce cancer risk from, Mar 1989, 6; Connecticut
considers NAAQS-like rules for, Sept 1991, 1-2; Japan's
program for outlined, May 1992, 1-2; new models to assess
HAP emission impacts from, Nov 1992, 5; PM emissions from
woodstoves limited by NSPS, Dec 1986, 7; subject to Title V
operating permits program, May 1991, 1-2; VOC emissions at
hazardous waste TSDF, July 1989, 10
Steel plants, emissions from: Air RISC publishes health effects
summary for, Nov 1990, 9; CTC report on, Dec 1989, 6
Sterilisers, hospital and commercial: CARS controls, Nov 1992,
4; control of ethylene oxide proposed, May 1988, 9-10;
emissions from considered in California exposure assessment,
July 1990, 2, 3
Styrene: May 1990, 8; May 1991, 9; Nov 1992, 2, 3; Air RISC
receives carcinogenicity question, Jan 1991, 5; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; and EPA
prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3; OAQPS publishes
emissions report for, Jan 1992, 6-7; Ohio ambient air toxics
study measures, Jan 1993, 4; ozone rules require monitoring
of, Mar 1993, 1-2
Styrene-butadiene: Jan 1989, 4; July 1992, 6
Styrene-butadiene rubber manufacturing: High Risk Point Source
study for, May 1991, 8-9; NESHAP to regulate, July 1992, 6;
Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions,
May 1991, 4, 7
Sugar beet processing: VOC emissions from, May 1988, 4-5
Sulfur dioxide (SO2): Jan 1988, 3; Sept 1990, 4; July 1992, 1;
Japan limits, May 1992, 2; from medical waste incinerators
to be limited, Sept 1991, 8-9; and municipal waste combustor
standards, Mar 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma
limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4;
as refinery waste site contaminant, July 1984, 2; as product
of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Sulfuric acid: on Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991,
2; frequently reported under SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5
Sulfur oxides (SO,) : as emissions from residential wood
combustion devices, May 1985, 4-5; Japan's program focuses
on, May 1992, 1-2
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Sulfur trioxide (SO3): July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title ill:
See also Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
Title III - data; Superfund Amendments and Reautborization
Act (SARA) Title III - State data; July 1989, 7; Jan 1990,
2-3; May 1990, 3-4; Mar 1992, 6-7; communicating small risk
under, Mar 1990, 1, 8-9; and community right-to-know
amendment, Dec 1985, 9; and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 6-7; EPA coordinates Section 313 activities,
July 1988, 7-8; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4;
hazardous substances at Superfund sites must be listed
under, July 1989, 10; one industry states goals under,
Sept 1988, 13; reporting requirements, Sept 1987, 11-12;
requirements of, Dec 1986, 5-6; requirements for radon,
Mar 1989, 8; requires revisions to Hazard Ranking System,
July 1989, 7-8; Section 313 OTS concludes QA pilot surveys
under, Jan 1989, 12-13; STAPPA/ALAPCO survey assesses effect
of, Dec 1989, 10; Title III workshops conducted on,
June 1987, 11; update on Chemical Accident Prevention
Program, July 1992, 10-11
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III -
data: data available through NATICH/TRIS link, Dec 1989,
1-2; data quality audits complete, Sept 1990, 7; directory
for data base established (ROADMAPS), Sept 1988, 13-14;
emissions from Superfund sites, May 1988, 7; IRIS data to
include information on, chemicals listed by, July 1988, 11;
OAQPS/OTS Section 313 plan for data, May 1988, 7-8; toxic
release data base available, Nov 1988, 6-7; Toxic Release
Inventory developed for, May 1988, 1-2
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III -
State data: See also Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III; Mar 1990, 10;
Jan 1991, 3; data from Maryland industries, Nov 1988, 6;
data used in Louisiana regulation, Dec 1989, 3; Illinois
uses concentrations derived from to select air toxics,
Jan 1992, 4-5; listed chemicals and Florida air toxics
standards, Mar 1991, 4; and Massachusetts Toxics Use
Reduction Act, Sept 1990, 8; used in Connecticut emission
inventory, Sept 1991, 2
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title IV:
Mar 1993, 6
Superfund Coordination Program: funds study to evaluate OP-FTIR
monitors, Jan 1993, 6-7; supports cancer risk study,
Sept 1991, 9
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Superfund sites: See also Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III; Sept 1991, 7;
Sept 1991, 9; emissions studied, May 1988, 6-7; EPA issues
directive on air stripper use at, Dec 1989, 9; hazard
ranking system, July 1989, 7-8; release model revised,
Mar 1992, 7-8
Support Center for Regulatory Air Models (SCRAM): Mar 1992, 6;
Nov 1992, 5; new OAQPS bulletin board, Sept 1990, 10-11;
revises air quality models, Mar 1992, 7-8
Surface coating: Mov 1992, 1, 7; Nebraska regulation to limit
emissions, Sept 1989, 3; rule for AIM coatings developed
with reg neg, May 1993, 5
Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS): introduced by CTC,
Dec 1989, 5-6
Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industries (8OCMI):
Nov 1992, 1; considered in draft source category list
development, July 1991, 1-2; HON proposed for, Jan 1993,
1-3; one source category under Title III Section 112,
July 1992, 3-4; participates in Early Reduction Program,
July 1992, 4; and updates on NESHAP, July 1992, 5-6
T-BACT: See Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
Technology Transfer Network (TTN): Mar 1993, 7; NATICH Bulletin
Board System on, Jan 1993, 7; NATICH Bulletin Board System
on-line service starts, May 1993, 1-2
Tennessee: See Chattanooga-Hamilton County APCB
Teratogens: See Genetic toxicants
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs): May 1992, 4; Oklahoma limits
biomedical waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4, 7
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8- (2,3,7,8-TCDD): Sept 1986,
8; May 1990, 8; May 1992, 4; in city incinerator ESP,
Sept 1986, 8; and dioxin combustion source study, July 1984,
7; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2; and New
York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 8; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator
emissions, May 1991, 4, 7; and proposed Title III high risk
list, July 1991, 2
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs): Oklahoma limits biomedical
waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4, 7
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Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-: July 1989, 7; delisted as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2-3; and Michigan's use of air
stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; and proposed Title III high
risk list, July 1991, 2; undetected in Ohio ambient air
toxics study, Jan 1993, 4
Tetrachloroethene: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4
Tetrachloroethylene: July 1989, 7; May 1990, 5; July 1990, 9;
May 1992, 4; Jan 1993, 6-7; detected in Rhode Island ambient
air, Mar 1987, 6
Tetrahydrofuran: May 1989, 9; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Tetrahydrothiophenes: as refinery waste site contaminant,
July 1984, 2
Texas: May 1989, 2-3; air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4);
Houston Regional Monitoring Program described, Mar 1988, 10;
research division and functions of TACB, July 1984, 5; and
special study identifying toxic air pollutants, Feb 1984, 6;
spotlight on TACB, Jan 1988, 2-4; TACB pilot program
assesses existing sources, May 1991, 1-2; TACB remediates
lead contamination, Sept 1991, 5-6
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs): See ACGIH TLV®
Tiers 1-7: See National Dioxin Strategy
Tires: burning of, May 1992, 7; EPA proposes regulation of
benzene from manufacturing of, Dec 1989, 11
Tobacco smoke: see Environmental tobacco smoke
Toluene: Jan 1989, 7, 8; Sept 1989, 3; May 1990, 5, 6, 8;
Nov 1992, 3; Jan 1993, 6-7; on Connecticut's draft priority
list, Sept 1991, 2; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6; health impacts assessed in gasoline study,
Dec 1989, 6-8; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4; Ohio air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 1,
3-4; ozone rules require monitoring of, Mar 1993, 1-2;
verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate: July 1992, 11; Nov 1992, 3; delisted
as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2-3; listed as
Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5; possible accidental releases studied by CTC,
June 1987, 4-5; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2
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Total suspended particulate (TSP): Dec 1986, 8; and EPA
emissions inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; and 1987
revision to NAAQS, Jan 1989, 4-5
Toxaphene (chlorinated oamphene): newly listed as high-risk
pollutant, Jan 1993, 2
Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS): Nay 1989, 2; Sept 1990, 5;
data currently available described, June 1987, 9;
established by EPA, Apr 1984, 7; to examine monitoring
capabilities, Dec 1989, 11; functions defined, Mar 1986, 10;
three monitoring sites established for, May 1985, 7
Toxic air pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
Toxic Catastrophe Prevention Act: passed by New Jersey,
Sept 1986, 5
Toxicity testing: of CFC, HCFC alternatives, Mar 1993, 4-5;
Oklahoma requires for biomedical waste incinerator ash,
May 1991, 4; used in RIHRA studies on RfD and RfC methods,
Jan 1993, 5
Toxic Release Inventory: May 1988, 1-2, 8; Mar 1991, 1-2; EPA
surveys States' use of data base, Jan 1990, 4-5; Region VI
uses in comparative risk, Sept 1990, 5; 1991 release
includes source reduction data, May 1993, 6; risk screening
guide available, Sept 1989, 10-11
Toxic Release Inventory System (TRIS): May 1990, 3-4; July 1990,
3-5; July 1991, 1, 6; access through NATICH data base,
Dec 1989, 1-2; 1988 data quality audit complete. Sept 1991,
3-5; established, Nov 1988, 6-7; guide and hotline
available, Sept 1990, 11; how to access, Nov 1988, 6-7; OTS
announces release 3.0, July 1991, 7; OTS and data quality
audit, Sept 1990, 7; use in Urban Area Source Program,
Mar 1992, 1-2; used in draft source category list
development, Mar 1991, 1-2
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): May 1993, 5; and chromium
ban for cooling towers, May 1988, 9; and cooling tower
standard for chromium, Sept 1990, 8-9; and EPA prototype
scheme for handling toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 3-4;
and Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP),
June 1986, 3; Federal activities in, July 1984, 4; functions
of Assistance Office, Apr 1984, 7; grants to States,
analysis of, July 1984, 4; and Indiana regulation, May 1990,
1; information collection record keeping requirements of,
and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6-7; inventory of
chemicals in commerce, July 1984, 4; status report for
existing chemicals, July 1984, 3
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Transfer operations: EPA proposes regulation of benzene from,
Dec 1989, 11; hazardous organic NESHAP MACT requirements
apply to, July 1992, 6-7
Treatment/ storage/ and disposal facilities (TSDF): Dec 1989,
11; as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2;
emissions inventory of in Chicago, Nov 1987, and EPA
emissions inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; EPA/ESED
report on soil sampling, Dec 1986, 11; National standards
for emissions from, July 1987, 9-10; responsibility for
developing regulations transferred, Apr 1984, 5; OAQPS
prepares standards for hazardous waste, July 1989, 9-10; 6-7
Tribromonethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Trichlorobenzene/ I/2/4-: Ohio ambient air toxics study
measures, Jan 1993, 4
Trichloroethane, 1/1/1- (TCA): Sept 1989, 3; May 1990, 5, 6, 8;
May 1992, 1; Jan 1993, 6-7; detected in Rhode Island ambient
air, Mar 1987, 6; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6; frequently reported under SARA 313,
Sept 1991, 3-5; link to ozone depletion, May 1989, 7-8; Ohio
ambient air toxics study measures, Jan 1993, 4; and
Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Trichloroethane/ 1,1/2-: undetected in Ohio ambient air toxics
study, Jan 1993, 4
Trichloroethene: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4
Trichloroethylene: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Sept 1988, 3;
July 1989, 7, 9; Sept 1989, 9; May 1990, 5, 6; May 1992, 4;
Nov 1992; Jan 1993, 6-7; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
California identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3; regulatory
status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; on
Connecticut's draft priority list, Sept 1991, 2; as
contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; detected
in Rhode Island ambient air, Mar 1987, 6; and EPA/IEMD
ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA decision on,
Mar 1986, 9; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4; used to compare ambient monitoring methods,
Sept 1991, 6-7
Trichlorofluoromethane: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
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Trichloromethane: Ohio ambient air toxics study measures,
Jan 1993, 4
Trichlorophenol, 2/4,5-: May 1992, 4
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-: May 1992, 4; Nov 1992, 3
Trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane: Ohio ambient air toxics study
measures, Jan 1993, 4
Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-: Ohio ambient air toxics study
measures, Jan 1993, 4
Trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-: Ohio ambient air toxics study
measures, Jan 1993, 4
Trimethylpentane, 2,2,4-: Nov 1992, 2
T8CA: See Toxic Substances Control Act
Unit risk estimates: See also Unit risk factors; Minnesota uses
EPA's values to establish AALs; used in Ohio incinerator
study, May 1992, 6-7; studies show use of different models
affect, May 1993, 6-7
Unit risk factors: See also unit risk estimates; Nov 1988, 3;
Idaho uses in new source emission limits, July 1991, 5; used
in Dayton, Ohio, monitoring, Mar 1988, 8
Uranium: radon emissions from and indoor air, Mar 1986, 3-5;
Uranium Mill Tailing Radiation Control Act, Mar 1986, 3;
mines as sources of radionuclide emissions, Dec 1984, 8
Urban aerosols: and Harvard School of Public Health project,
May 1985, 7
Urban Area Source Program: Jan 1992, l; EPA begins CAA-mandated
research, Mar 1992, 1-2
Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program (UATMP): Sept 1990, 5;
initiates Ohio risk study, Jan 1993, 1, 3-4;
Urban soup: Jan 1988, 4; EPA high risk program on, Mar 1987, 6;
EPA/OAQPS publishes report on, Jan 1989, 14; Maryland
studies in Baltimore, Jan 1989, 12; NPPB issues document on,
Sept 1989, 10; Ohio ambient air study, Nov 1988, 3; Ohio
programs on, Mar 1987, 2; Philadelphia air toxics program
and, July 1989, 9; PIPQUIC used to study, July 1989, 4-6;
progress on EPA's activities in all regions, Sept 1987, 6-7;
Seattle ambient air study of, July 1988, 2; study of Midwest
conditions, Jan 1990, 9; TAMS to examine monitoring of,
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Urban soup (continued): Dec 1989, 11; treated in EPA's national
air toxics strategy, Mar 1987, 9-10; Washington agency
studies, June 1987, 7; workshop on, Mar 1989, 9-10
Drea: and ammonia plant in Alaska ammonia standard, Mar 1991,
1-2; dust and Air RISC research on effects of, Nov 1988, 4-5
Users Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollutants (UNAMAP):
Mar 1988, 2
Utilities: CAA Section 112 studies HAPS from, July 1992, 8;
Minnesota inventories carcinogen emissions from, Nov 1992,
6-7
Vanadium: Mar 1992, 5; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Variance (for air toxics source): defined by Wisconsin,
Sept 1986, 3
Vehicles: See Mobile sources
Vermont: May 1993, 1-3; asks Air RISC styrene question,
Jan 1991, 5; completes municipal waste combustion study,
Nov 1991, 6; proposes use of California vehicle emission
standards, Jan 1992, 8-9; regulates CFCs, July 1989, 11;
spotlight on Vermont Agency of National Resources,
July 1989, 3-4; talc dust from quarry in, Nov 1988, 5
Vinyl acetate: verified Rfc, Nov 1990, 2
Vinyl chloride: May 1985, 6; July 1990, 9; July 1992, 11;
Nov 1992; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California
identifies as air toxic, Nov 1992, 3; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; focus of cancer risk study,
Sept 1991, 9; listed as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2;
and proposed Title III high risk list, July 1991, 2;
undetected in Ohio ambient air toxics study, Jan 1993, 4
Vinyl cyclohexane: May 1991, 9
Vinylidene chloride: See also Dichloroethylone, 1/1-; May 1985,
6; Jan 1989, 4; July 1989, 9; May 1990, 8; court decision on
and benzene regulation, Sept 1988, 9; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; delisted as high-risk pollutant, Jan 1993, 2-3;
EPA draft source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; and
EPA report on locating and estimating emissions of,
Dec 1985, 11; and proposed Title III high risk list,
July 1991, 2; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
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Virginia: May 1993, 1-3; Air RISC addresses indoor air question
in, Jan 1991, 5; finds carbon disulfide violation, Dec 1989,
4-5; joins air management association, May 1990, 2;
noncriteria pollutant control rules adopted, Dec 1984, 5-6;
proposes use of California vehicle emission standards,
Jan 1992, 8-9
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Nov 1987, 6; Jan 1988, 3;
Nov 1988, 9; Jan 1989, 4, 7; Mar 1990, 9; Sept 1990,5; AEERL
studies indoor air sources of, Mar 1991, 4-5; and air
stripping during groundwater clean up, Dec 1985, 2-3; and
cancer, Dec 1984, 3; CTC publications on, Sept 1988, 4-5;
emissions from equipment leaks, Jan 1990, 2-3; and EPA air
toxics monitoring data base, June 1986, 11; and EPA
emissions inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; EPA/OAQPS
report on, Nov 1987, 9; EPA Region X completes study of,
Sept 1987, 5-6; and fiberglass marine structures, May 1989,
7; FTIR monitor performance evaluated with, Jan 1993, 6-7;
Houston monitoring program, Mar 1988, 10; from Idaho sugar
beet processing, May 1988, 4-5; Louisiana prepares report
on, May 1989, 9; Nebraska plans data collection on,
Sept 1989, 3; North Carolina pollution prevention programs
reduces, Sept 1989, 7; OAQPS releases emission estimation
products, Jan 1992, 6-7; Ohio studies cancer risk from,
Jan 1993, 1, 3-4; Ontario air toxics assessment,
Mar 1988, 7; ozone rules require network to monitor,
Mar 1993, 1-2; removed by air stripping, Dec 1989, 9;
removed in vacuum extraction process, Jan 1990, 10; surface
impoundment model to assist in estimating, Dec 1989, 5-6; as
tracers of mobile source PM, May 1989, 5
Volatile organic compounds speciation: EPA/OAQPS report on,
Nov 1987, 9; OAQPS releases 1991 data base on, Jan 1992,
6-7; species manual available, Nov 1988, 9-10; used in draft
source category list development, July 1991, 1-2
Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST): procedures for,
Aug 1985, 8
Waferboard: CTC report on manufacturing plants, Dec 1989, 6;
plant studied by CTC, June 1987, 4
Washington: conducts urban air toxics study, June 1987, 7; King
County drafts new woodstoves code, July 1991, 7; PSAPCA
evaluates air toxics program, Mar 1990, 6-7; Puget Sound
Water Authority evaluates atmospheric deposition, Dec 1989,
3-4; proposes rule on air toxics, July 1991, 1, 3; proposes
rule to limit woodstove emissions, June 1987, 6-7; spotlight
on PSAPCA, July 1988, 2-4; spotlight on PSAPCA, Nov 1990, 1
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Waste-derived fuel: Allegheny County (PA) regulation to control
burning of, Dec 1986, 3; combustion and marketing of,
Dec 1985, 4-5; New Jersey rule on, Apr 1984, 2
Waste disposal: See Hazardous waste disposal, Solid waste
disposal
Waste, hazardous: May 1991, 7; Nov 1992, 2-3; development of
TSDF, Apr 1984, 5; and incineration at sea, Feb 1984, 6;
OAQPS prepares standards for TSDF, July 1989, 9-10; and
Puget Sound waste-derived fuel regulation, Dec 1985, 5; rule
for revision of manifests developed with reg neg, May 1993,
5; rule for underground injection of developed with reg neg,
May 1993, 5
Waste incineration: See headings under Incineration
Waste oil combustion: Nov 1992, 7; NESCAUM presentation on,
Sept 1984, 8; as risk assessment case study, Feb 1984, 5;
and toxic emissions, Dec 1984, 2
Wastewater treatment: Sept 1988, 4; Mar 1989, 11; Dec 1989, 11;
and California ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 3; emissions
inventory of in Chicago, Nov 1987, 6-7; and EPA emissions
inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; hazardous organic
NESHAP MACT requirements apply to, July 1992, 6-7; and New
Jersey chemical accident prevention rule, Mar 1988, 7
Water quality: air stripping to improve, Mar 1988, 9; analysis
conducted at incinerator ash pile, Sept 1986, 9; CAA Great
Waters Program to study HAPs effect on, Jan 1992, 1, 3;
Great Lakes monitoring network established, Mar 1993, 1-3
Water treatment plants: and New Jersey chemical accident
prevention rule, Mar 1988, 7
Wisconsin: authority to regulate air toxics upheld, Nov 1990, 4;
program on hazardous air pollutants, Sept 1986, 2-4
Wood smoke: May 1992, 7; and Aspen, Colorado, regulation on
woodburning, June 1986, 7-8; compared in MWC study,
Nov 1991, 6; IACP studies nighttime plumes, Sept 1989, 5;
and IARC evaluation of mutagenic activities of photo-
oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; Maine conducts
assessment of, Dec 1986, 7-8; measurement of in IACP project
to identify airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; mutagenicity
of emissions of, Nov 1988, 3-4; OAQPS produces public
service announcements, Nov 1990, 9; rule for woodburning
stoves developed with reg neg, May 1993, 4; State of
Washington proposes legislation on, June 1987, 6-7; study on
woodstove emissions, Jan 1988, 11; tracers studied,
June 1987, 9
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Woodstoves: See also Combustion, residential wood-fired;
July 1991, 1; and catalytic combustors, May 1985, 4-5;
certification of in Washington State, July 1988, 4;
emissions from analyzed by GC/MI-R, Sept 1987, 13; emissions
from and conference on, Feb 1985, 6; emissions measured by
IACP, Dec 1986, 9-10; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 5;
field study of conducted in Vermont and New York, Dec 1986,
8; included in Maine's wood smoke assessment, Dec 1986, 7-8;
King County, Washington drafts new code for, July 1991, 7;
methods for sampling emissions of, Sept 1988, 11-12;
operating characteristics and relation to smoke tracers,
June 1987, 9; "Reg Neg" used in drafting NSPS covering,
Dec 1986, 7; as research area for AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3;
significant in Minnesota urban cancer risk, Nov 1992, 6-7;
study of emissions of, Jan 1988, 11; Washington State
proposes legislation to control emissions from, June 1987,
6; Washington State regulation on, July 1988, 2
Wood treatment: Sept 1988, 4; bibliography on preservatives,
Dec 1985, 9
World Health organization (WHO): publications included in
NATICH, Mar 1993, 7
Zylenes: May 1985, 6; Jan 1989, 7, 8; May 1990, 8; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; on Connecticut's draft
priority list, Sept 1991, 2; detected in Rhode Island
ambient air, Mar 1987, 6; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; health impacts assessed in gasoline
study, Dec 1989, 6-8; and Michigan's use of air stripping of
VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; mixed isomers of frequently reported
under SARA 313, Sept 1991, 3-5; Ohio ambient air toxics
study measures, Jan 1993, 4; ozone rules require monitoring,
Mar 1993, 1-2; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Zinc: May 1990, 5, 6; on Connecticut's draft priority list,
Sept 1991, 2; frequently reported under SARA 313, Sept 1991,
3-5; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; primary smelters as inorganic arsenic
emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9
Zinc oxide plants: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
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