-------
simulation allows for an estimate of the accuracy of the test as
well as its precision.  The accuracy refers to the ability of the
test to measure a known volume change,  while the precision of the
test refers to its ability to reproduce measured rates.

     Thirteen leak simulation tests were conducted.  Two of these
were conducted on tanks that had estimated volume rates that
indicated that the tanks were probably leaking.  These tests were
excluded from the analysis because variability is known to
increase for leaking tanks.  The results from all of the leak
simulation tests are tabulated in Table D-2.  Using the leak
simulation results from the tanks with small estimated volume
changes (less than 0.1 gallons per hour in absolute value) gave
the following results.

     Three rates were calculated from leak simulations.  The
first was a baseline rate for the tank.  This was estimated dur-
ing the regular tank test.  While the leak simulation was con-
ducted, a measured rate was estimated.   This is the rate observed
by the testing method during leak simulation.  It is presumed to
be composed of the tank rate plus the simulated rate.  The simu-
lated rate is calculated by collecting product drawn from the
tank at a constant rate, weighing it on a triple beam balance,
and converting the weight to volume at the temperature of the
product in the tank.  The difference between the observed rate
during the simulation and the baseline rate provides an estimate
of the simulated rate.  The difference between this and the
actual simulated rate can be used to assess the accuracy of the
test.

     The average difference between the measured rate  and the
simulated rate was -0.00891 gallons per hour, based on the 11
leak simulations where the tank was not estimated to be leaking.
If the other two simulations are included, this mean difference
                              D-22

-------
increases to -0.0184 gallons per hour.  The difference between
the measured rate and the simulated rate is interpreted as an
estimate of bias.  The variance of the differences about their
mean provides an estimate of twice the within-test precision plus
any variance due to taking successive 2 hour test periods.
Taking half the variance of differences estimates the variance
itself.  The estimate was 0.00066 gallons per hour squared for
the 11 tests.  (It was larger, 0.00291 gallons per hour, if all
13 tests were used.)  A mean squared error (MSB) can be
calculated to incorporate both types of error—accuracy and
precision.  The mean squared error is the sum of the bias squared
plus the within-test variance.  In this case it was 0.00o74
gallons per hour squared (or 0.00325 gallons per hour squared for
all 13 tests).

     The bias is clearly not significant, in that it does not
differ significantly from zero (t = -0.347, 10 degrees of
freedom).  As a result, the variance and the mean squared error
are nearly identical.  A measure of variation often used is the
standard deviation  (or root mean squared error if bias is
present), which is the square root of the variance (or MSB).
This measure has the advantage that its units are the same as the
measurement, gallons per hour.  The standard deviation was
estimated to be 0.0257 gallons per hour for these data.
     B.  Back to Back Retests

     Back to back retests were conducted on a total of 18 tanks,
which includes the 13 tanks with leak simulations.  Five tanks
had back to back retests without leak simulation.  The purpose of
the back to back retests was to estimate the stability of the
test method.  That is, to ensure that the volume change estimate
                              D-23

-------
did not differ markedly if based on the succeeding 2 hours after
the test.

     As with all of these tests, variability is expected to be
larger if the initial leak rate or volume change is larger.  For
this reason, the results of the back to back retests are pre-
sented primarily for those tests with volume change rates less
than 0.1 gallons per hour in absolute value.  Retest results for
tanks with larger volume rates were more variable but generally
consistent.

     The average difference between the original and retest for
the 14 tests with small volume changes was 0.00629 gallons per
hour.  The estimate of within-test plus change over 2 hour
periods variance was 0.00053 gallons per hour squared, giving a
mean squared error of 0.00057 gallons per hour squared.  The
corresponding standard deviation was 0.0231 gallons per hour and
the root mean squared error estimate was 0.0239 gallons per hour.
The mean difference was not significantly different from zero
(t = 0.272, 13 df).

     If all 18 back to back retests are used, the estimates are
slightly larger.  The mean difference was -0.0134 gallons per
hour, with the variance and MSB being 0.00893 and 0.00910 gallons
per hour squared, respectively.  The mean difference did not
differ significantly from zero  (t = -0.14, 17 df).
     C.  Complete Retests

     The complete retests consist of revisits to the site on a
different day.  Typically this includes a different crew and
involves rescheduling and refilling the tank.  The complete
retests incorporate all of the features of a tank test and so
                              D-24

-------
include all the sources of error including potential difference
from crew to crew and differences due to weather conditions,
nearby traffic flow, day of the week, etc.  In addition,  there is
a possibility that the tank is different at the time of the
retest.  In fact, two of the retests originally scheduled were
cancelled when it was found that the tanks had been repaired
between the initial test and the scheduled retest.  In addition,
two retests were performed and it was then discovered that the
tanks had been repaired between the initial test and retest.
These data are also not included, as they would measure an
additional source of variation which is not of interest,  i.e.,
repair.  Two other retests were performed on tanks that were
initially determined to have large vapor pockets.  These two
tanks were retested later and on retesting were again found to
have large vapor pockets.  The results of the test and retest for
these tanks with vapor problems agreed qualitatively; however,
the numerical agreement was not close.  The reason for this may
be that the vapor pocket trapped in the tank was of different
size.  There were also different ambient conditions that would
affect the vapor differently.  For these reasons, the vapor
retests were not included in the estimate of the variance from
the retests.

     The mean difference from the subset of 34 good complete
retests was 0.00297 gallons per hour.  For complete retests,  the
variance of the differences between initial and retest rates
estimates twice the total variance; that is, the within-test plus
between-test components.  We report here the corresponding
estimated total variance.  The estimated total variance was
0.00254 gallons per hour squared, giving a mean squared error of
0.00255 gallons per hour squared.  If attention is restricted to
initial tests with estimated volume change rates of less than 0.2
gallons per hour in absolute value, the results change slightly.
For this set of 30 retests, the mean difference was 0.0137
                              D-25

-------
gallons per hour, while the variance was 0.00181 gallons per hour
squared.  This resulted in a mean squared error of 0.00200
gallons per hour squared.   Neither mean difference is
significantly different from zero (t = 0.059,  33 df,  t = 0.322,
29 df,  respectively).   The cases with larger volume change rates
were somewhat more variable, however.

     As noted above, there were two retests of tanks that had
vapor problems.  The initial test results showed volume increases
of 1.189 gallons per hour and 0.584 gallons per hour,
respectively, based on very short test times.   The retests based
on longer times gave volume increases of 0.175 gallons per hour
and 0.109 gallons per hour, respectively, with again the
conclusion of a trapped vapor pocket.  Both of these retests
agreed on the presence of vapor.  The difference in apparent
volume increase rates may be due to a number of factors.  The
initial test was terminated quite early.  The early termination
may have led to variable results.  The size of the vapor pocket
may have differed between the initial and retest.  The changes in
conditions—temperature, barometric pressure—that affect the
vapor pocket may have differed.  All of these could lead to the
observed differences in apparent volume increase rates.  However,
the consistency of the test and retest in identifying the tank as
having a problem with trapped vapor suggest that the test method
is consistent in identifying problem tanks.

     There were two tanks that were retested after the tank was
repaired.  One of these had an initial leak rate estimated to be
-0.057 gallons per hour with a standard error of 0.004 gallons
per hour.  The rate estimated on the retest was -0.017 gallons
per with a standard error of 0.0094 gallons per hour.  Although
the tank was considered to be leaking by the NFPA Standard 329
and the owner took corrective action, the volume change rate
estimated initially was fairly small.  The second tank had an
                              D-26

-------
initial leak rate estimated as -0.137 gallons per hour with a
standard error of 0.009 gallons per hour.   On the retest,  the
estimated volume change was -0.132 gallons per hour with a
standard error of 0.007 gallons per hour.   Little change was
observed.  However, on the retest, the testing company certified
the tank as tight based on the last hour of data, where they
estimated a rate of -0.044 gallons per hour.  The data from this
test showed little difference from the initial test.  Except for
the known fact that some repairs were done to the tank, there
would be no reason to exclude it from the retest data.  Even the
former retest would not be viewed as suspect from the change in
estimated leak rates.

     The retest data analysis showed no evidence of bias in the
test methods.  Both the back to back retest and the leak sim-
ulations estimated within-test (plus variation from one 2 hour
period to the next) standard deviations on the order of 0.025
gallons per hour.  The complete retest data gave a total standard
deviation estimate of 0.05 gallons per hour.
V.   ESTIMATION OF TOTAL VARIANCE

     The various types of retests offered not only a means of
estimating both within- and between-test variation,  but also
evidence that the between-test variation is sizeable compared to
the observed variance of a single test result.   In order to use a
statistical hypothesis testing approach to determine whether the
observed leak rate in a given test is evidence of a leak rather
than due to measurement fluctuation, the total variance must be
estimated for each test.  This was done by estimating the
between-test variation from all the data taken together and
adding this to the estimate of within-test variance generated by
the data from each test.  The within-test standard error was
                             D-27

-------
squared, the overall between-test variance added, and the square
root of the sum was taken as the estimate of total standard error
used in the leak status decision process.

     Two sources of information were used to estimate the
between-test variance.  The two sources agreed fairly well, which
served as a validity check on the results.  The two estimates
were then averaged (using relative weights based on the number of
cases each estimate was based on) to form the needed estimate of
between-test variance.  Table D-4 summarizes this process.

     The complete retests provided one data base from which to
estimate between-test variance.  For a retested tank i, let k
index the test (1 or 2) and j index the 5-minute volume change
measurement for a given test.  Then a given 5-minute volume
change measurement, X-j, can be written:
     xikj = Li + dik + eikj                    [Equation D-l]

where

     l>j_    =   tank i's true leak rate under test conditions;
     d^k   =   random measurement error of LJ due to differences
               from one test occasion to another; and
     e^kj  =   random measurement error of the individual
               5-minute volume change measurement for this test.

Since the various quality assurance double-testing methods showed
no evidence of bias, it is reasonable to assume that

          E(eikj) = 0
          E(dik)  = 0.
                             D-28

-------

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D-29

-------
We also assume that




          E(di:Ldi2) = 0,


          E(ei:Lei2) = 0,
and that the dj^ and e^-i each have a constant variance,  denoted

as
             = between-test variance
and
          a2 = within-test variance
           w
where the mean of the e^j is taken over all measurements for the


k-th test of the i-th tank, usually 24.




     Starting with Equation D-l, an estimate of total  variance


can be based on the two estimated  leak rates,  Xj^ (the initial

rate) and x^2  (the retest rate) as follows:
          E(Xil  - xi2)


          = E(dn +  ei;L  -  di2  -  ei2)2



          - E(dn -  di2)2  +  E(ei]L  -  ei2)2




because the d^k  and  e^k  are independent.   This,  in turn, equals:
                 2«2.
                   w
                              D-30

-------
Thus


                               -  xi2)2)

and
                      n    2
          E((l/((2)-(n)))i:  E  S?  )  =
                                     w
where
 ik
                                iic " xikj)
     Therefore, letting
           b,retest
                                          - xi2)
    n   2  o
    Z   ZsJ

    L-l k=l 1]
                                                   [Equation D-2]
we have
E
-------
     Tests on tanks which can be assumed not to be leaking
provide a second estimate of 6"2.  Here,  the true leak rate is
zero, and we have

          xij = di + eij                       [Equation D-3]

with assumptions on d^ and e.^ as stated above.  (We suppress k
since only one test was done on these tanks.)  In this case we
have
and
                              C n	    n  ^ /
                                                  [Equation D-4]
Clearly
          E(S2            ) = o~2 .
            v b, tight tanks'    b
Defining tanks which can be assumed not to be leaking requires
some decision-making.  By limiting this group to tanks with
measured average volume change between 0.0 and 0.2 gallons per
hour, the tanks which may be leaking  (negative measured volume
change) are eliminated as are the test results which are likely
due to vapor pockets (high positive measured inflow) .

     The results of applying Equation D-3 to the 34 retests and
Equation D-4 to the 133 measured volume changes between 0.0 and
0.2 gallons per hour are shown in Table D-4.  It can be seen that
the two approaches yield similar estimates and in particular
indicate the importance of the between-test component of the
                              D-32
-------
total variation in x^.  It should be noted that these figures are
all as measured,  and not as adjusted for test pressure.   The
adjustment deflates the measured leak rate by about half (the
factors range from 0.395 to .608), but is applicable only to
actual leaks, since it adjusts the rate from test pressure to an
assumed operating pressure.

     To get one estimate of between-test variance to use in
adjusting within-test standard error up to total standard error,
the two estimates described above were averaged with relative
weights based on the number of cases each was based on:
     34/167 (0.00222) + 133/167 (0.00193) = 0.00199

Thus, to estimate the total standard error for a given observed
leak rate, 0.00199 was added to the reported (within-test)
standard error squared, and the square root taken.  This total
standard error was used in the statistical hypothesis test method
for determining leak status described in Section 8 of this
report.
VI.  DETERMINATION OF LEAK STATUS

     The physical tightness test for each tank system provided an
unbiased estimate of volume change rate and an estimate of the
within-test variability of that rate.  The complete retest data
provided an estimate of the between-test variability of the
measured rates.  However, the test itself did not provide a
definitive leak status determination, that is, an unequivocal
"yes" or "no" to the questions "Is this tank tight?" or "Is this
tank leaking?"  In order to estimate the number of tanks in the
country that are leaking and to look at the subset of leaking
                              D-33
-------
tanks to investigate factors associated with leaking,  such a
determination must be made (or the test result ruled
inconclusive) for each tested tank system.   Two approaches were
considered for making this determination:   a cut-off rule,
comparing the observed volume change rate to a pre-determined
cut-off; or declaring a system leaking or not by a hypothesis
testing approach.  The latter approach was chosen for the study
determination of leak status.  Two drawbacks of the cut-off
approach were that there was no scientific basis for establishing
a specific level for the cut-off at the time of the survey, and
that it did not take into account the differences in precision
achieved by the individual tests.

     The null hypothesis to be tested in determining leak status
is:

               H0  : Li = 0

where Li is the true leak rate of the tank.  The alternative is

               HA  : Li > 0.

As shown in Part V, above, we model the test result, "x^, as
having a total variance composed of a within-test and between-
test component.  This total variance is estimated as
                2 = S2.+ sj
                t    wi   b
where the first term is the within-test variance measured from
the i-th tank test data and the second term was estimated as
described above (Part V).  The test statistic is therefore
                              D-34
-------
and is compared to one-tailed tables of the Normal distribution
to determine whether HO can be rejected at a certain level of
significance.  If HQ is rejected,  we say the tank system is
judged to be leaking.

     Several significance levels were examined,  as was the trade-
off between significance and power.  The power was estimated for
a specific leak rate after adjusting the leak rates and their
associated standard errors for test pressure (see Part VII,
below, for this adjustment procedure).   A significance level of
-------
logically consistent to adjust test volume change rates for pres-
sure in the event that the system was judged to be tight.

     The adjustments are based on Bernoulli's law.  More
specifically, adjustments are based on Torricelli's form of the
Bernoulli equation.  In order for the adjustments to be reason-
able, the assumptions for these physical laws must hold.  It
should be noted that the assumptions for Torricelli's and
Bernoulli's law assume that the flow is through an orifice with
neither resistance nor turbulence.  In practice, this is not the
case.  While the flow rate will be generally small enough so that
the assumption of a turbulence is reasonable, and so that the
head change is slow enough to be neglected, in most cases, leaks
will probably be through corroded sections and will be into soil
which may present some resistance.  The effect of resistance
would be to lower the flow rate.  However, how much the flow rate
would be lowered under the different pressures is not known.
Consequently, the effect of violation of these assumptions on the
adjustment to the leak rates is not known.  It is assumed to be
negligible.  There are some other, implicit assumptions.  These
include that the orifice is constant, that the temperature and
density do not change, and that the product is not viscous.

     Torricelli's form of Bernoulli's law can be used to
calculate adjustments to the flow rates.  In order to do this,
several assumptions must be made.  The set of assumptions used in
these calculations is detailed below.  A step by step procedure
for the adjustments is given first.  These are the adjustments to
be made in the ideal situation where the tank system leak was
quantifiable and a valid line test with quantifiable leak rate
was done.  In our data base, among tank systems judged to be
leaking with quantifiable leak rates, only 39 percent had valid
line test leak rates.  Since the majority of cases had no valid
line data and the separate analysis described in Section 8 of the
                              D-36
-------
report showed that line leaks accounted for a very small
proportion of system leaks when they were done,  leak status and
leak rate as reported in the Major Findings are based on measured
tank system leak rates adjusted directly to operating conditions,
without adjusting for line test results.  We present the line
test adjustment procedure since it was used for the analysis in
Part V of Section 8 and for future use in analyzing data
collected in the national survey.
     A.   Adjusting the Line Leak Rate to the System Leak Rate

     Since the line test is conducted at higher pressure than the
system test, the leak rates estimated from the line test are not
directly comparable to those estimated from the system test.
This adjustment accounts for the difference in pressure and
adjusts the line test rates to be comparable with the system test
rates.  These adjustments are calculated differently for pressure
systems and suction systems and for gasoline and diesel fuels.

     The assumptions made for this adjustment are the following.
These are in addition to the assumptions needed for the use of
Bernoulli's equation to adjust the flow rates.
          The orifice where the leak (if any) occurs is where the
          line joins the top of the tank.
          The tank is assumed to be buried to a depth of 3 feet
          to the top of the tank.
          The water table is assumed below the bottom of the
          tank.
          Three tank diameters are assumed: 48 inches, 64 inches,
          and 96 inches.
                              D-37
-------
     Table D-5 gives the adjustment factors to adjust the rates
estimated from the line test to the conditions assumed for the
system test.  The factors as presented are multiplicative.  To
convert a rate estimated from the line test to the equivalent
system rate, multiply the estimated line rate by the factor in
the table.

     The difference by type of delivery system results from the
fact that the line test is conducted at 15 PSIG for suction lines
and at 50 PSIG for pressure lines.
     B.   Subtracting Line Rates From System Rates When Valid
          Line Results are Present

       After adjusting the line test results by the factors in
Table D-5, the line test rates would be comparable to the system
test results.  The line test rates could be subtracted to obtain
an approximate tank rate.  This is the rate for the tank system
excluding delivery lines, but still including any other plumbing
such as fill pipes, vent pipes, etc.

     If a system has more than one delivery line, each line test
rate would be adjusted, then all line test rates subtracted from
the system rate.  For the tank systems for which the line was
found to be untestable, the line rate cannot be separated from
the system rate.
                               D-38
-------
Table D-5.  Adjustment factors for line test rates
        Tank  diameter             Suction       Pressure
          48  inches                0.431         0.236
     (0  -  1,000  gallons)


          64  inches                0.395         0.216
   (1,101  - 7,000  gallons)


          96  inches                0.317         0.174
   (7,001  - 15,000 gallons)
                            D-39
-------
     C.   Adjusting the Tank Rate (or System Rate)  to Assumed
          Operating Rate

     Since the test is conducted at elevated pressure, flow rates
through any orifices will be larger under the test conditions
than they would be under actual tank operation.   The magnitude of
the difference depends on a large number of variables.  In
particular, flow rates would vary by location of the hole in the
tank (distance from the bottom), amount of fuel  in the tank, and
pressure of a water table part way up on the tank.   The
adjustment factors would also vary with diameter of the tank.
Since diesel tanks were tested at the same pressure (hence at a
lower head-distance) as gasoline tanks, the adjustment also
varies with fuel type because of the density difference.

     The standard assumptions for calculating the adjustment
factors presented in Table D-6 are as follows.  These are in
addition to the basic assumptions of Bernoulli's law.

     o    The water table is assumed to be below the bottom of
          the tank.
     o    The tank is assumed to be buried to the depth of 3 feet
          from grade to top of tank.
     o    Three tank diameters are assumed  (48,  64, and 96
          inches).
     o    The average operating level of the tank is assumed to
          be half full.
     o    The orifice or hole  is assumed to be in the bottom of
          the tank.

     Table D-6 then gives adjustment factors to adjust the
estimated tank system leak rate to the assumed standard set of
operating conditions.  The factors should be multiplied by the
leak rate estimated under the  system test to obtain the adjusted
                               D-40
-------
Table D-6.  Adjustment factors for tank (system) rates*
                                  Adjustment factor
     Tank diameter              Gasoline       Diesel
        48 inches                0.395         0.430
   (0 - 1,000 gallons)


        64 inches                0.456         0.496
 (1,101 - 7,000 gallons)


        96 inches                0.558         0.608
 (7,001 - 15,000 gallons)
*If a standard height had been used for both fuels, the
 gasoline column would apply to both.
                         D-41
-------
leak rate.  Note that this adjustment can be done to the system
test leak rate, or to the leak rate remaining after any relevant
line leak rates have been adjusted to test conditions and
subtracted off.

     Multiplying the rates estimated under the system test by the
adjustment factors given in Table D-6 will give adjusted rates
for the assumed standard set of operating conditions described in
the assumptions above.
                               D-42
-------
                            APPENDIX E

                 INVENTORY  RECONCILIATION METHODS


I.   EPA INVENTORY RECONCILIATION METHOD

     EPA has developed a simple method1 for monitoring
underground motor fuel storage tank inventory records to detect a
systematic deficit which may be attributable to a leak.  The
method is based on counts of the number of daily underages found
in the inventory record and is simple enough to be implemented by
a tank operator without excessive calculation or burdensome
record-keeping.  As originally formulated,  the method is intended
for application as the "first line of defense against leaks" in
an on-going monitoring program.  Thus,  the approach is sequential
in nature and involves making a decision on the presence or
absence of an inventory deficit at the end of each 30-business-
day period, based on a comparison between the cumulative count of
daily underages and certain statistically-derived "action
numbers"1.  A cumulative number of underages in excess of the
appropriate action number was to be interpreted as evidence of a
deficit.  The statistical model and calculations underlying the
method were detailed in the report from Battelle Columbus
Laboratories to EPA2.  The basic method required modification for
application to the inventory data collected in the survey because
each sampled facility provided only a single, one-time record of
^U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, "More About Leaking
 Underground Storage Tanks:  A Background Booklet for the
 Chemical Advisory," (October 1984).
2David C. Cox, "Performance of the Chemical Advisory Inventory
 Analysis Method Under Various Scenarios," Report from Battelle
 Columbus Laboratories to EPA under contract No. 68-01-6721
 (April 1984).
                              E-l
-------
30 days' inventory for analysis.  The purpose of this section is
to describe the statistical model on which the modified EPA
method is based.

     The decision rule for the proposed method will be defined by
considering a well-run station where the only sources of
discrepancy in the inventory records are (i) a daily leak of
magnitude L and (ii)  unavoidable random error in the daily stick
measurement of the tank.  Successive daily errors are assumed
independent and identically normally distributed with mean zero;
this assumption is supported by the research of Warren Rogers3'4.
Hence, we can write:
               xi = xi + ei

where X^ is the ith daily stick measurement, Xj is the true
quantity of gasoline in the tank at the close of the i**n day, and
          ^
e^~ N(0, Q  ) is the stick measurement error.  Now consider a
period of n days, assuming for simplicity that the station is
open every day.  The process of balancing inventory at the end of
each day, as described in the literature5 and assuming that there
is no metering error at the pump6, leads to a set of daily
variances (discrepancies),

          d  = -L + e  - e_, i = 1, ... n.
3"Inventory Reconciliation system," Warren Rogers Associates.
4Warren Rogers, personal communication.
5American Petroleum Institute:  "Recording Practices for Bulk
 Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets,"  (1977).
6Metering error, if present, can be estimated and removed  from
 the record, see American Petroleum Institute,  "Recommended
 Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets,"
 (1977).
                               E-2
-------
Let N be the total  number of negative daily variances,

          N =  #{i|l < i < n, d-L < o}.

     Clearly,  large values of N suggest that there is a leak,
i.e., L > 0.   The exact probability distribution  of N is,  in
general,  very difficult to derive.  However, of  the special case
of no leak, i.e., L = 0, the calculation has been carried out7.
Table E-l shows  the distribution for the case n = 30 of most
interest.  In  general,  we must rely on a normal approximation to
the distribution.   This is derived as follows.  We first find the
mean E(N) and  variance V(N) as follows.  Define:

         P - Pr(d1 <  0)
         P1 = Pr(d. < 0, d.+1 < 0)
         Ij « 1 ,  if  d. < 0
             0 ,  else
                        2
Then £(1^) = p, E(Iflj) * p  If |j-1| > 1  (because then 1^,  I. are indepen-
dent), EUjIj+j) «  pr  Thus
         E(N) = E(i|1 I.)  = np.  Also

         E(N2) - l(ft l\  + 2.Z. 1^
              = np + Ztn-Dpj + [n(n-l) - 2 (n-l)]p2
Therefore
         V(N) = E(N2) -(E(N)f                                     [1]
             « np(l-p) - 2(n-l)(p2 - P])
             s a(L)2
VWarren Rogers,  "The Exact Null Distribution of the Number of
 Negative  Daily  Variances," Report from Warren Rogers Associates
 to EPA,  (September 1984).
                               E-3
-------
Table E-l.
Probability distribution of the number of negative
daily variances, N, for the no-leak case, based on
30-day inventory
No. Of
negative variances
< 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
> 20
Probability of
occurrence
0.0024
0.0121
0.0456
0.1161
0.2022
0.2432
0.2022
0.1161
0.0456
0.0121
0.0024
                               E-4
-------
We approximate N by a normal distribution with mean np +0.5 and
             ^
variance a(L) .  The mean is taken as np +0.5 to provide an
approximate continuity correction for use in the upper tail of
the distribution, in which our greatest interest lies.

     To check the accuracy of the approximation, consider the
case L = O.  Then,
               Pi = pr n)
(exact)
0.6216
0.3784
0.1762
0.0601
0.0145
0.0024
Pr(N > n)
(approximate)
0.6217
0.3783
0.1788
0.0630
0.0162
0.0029
                              E-5
-------
     Clearly the approximation is sufficiently accurate over the
range of n reported.  For L / 0,  the exact distribution of N has
not been derived.  We will rely on the normal approximation in
such cases.  The mean and standard deviation of the approximating
distribution have been calculated and are shown in Table E-3.
Table E-3.
Mean and standard deviation of normal approximation
to the distribution of N, the number of negative
daily variances, for various values of the daily
leak rate L, for a 30-day inventory
L
(gallons)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mean
16.46
16.93
17.41
17.88
18.34
18.81
19.27
19.72
20.16
Standard
deviation
1.636
1.641
1.647
1.654
1.665
1.678
1.684
1.699
1.707
     The final feature for which we must account before we can
determine the decision rule is round-off error.  In practice,
inventory values are typically reported to the nearest gallon so
that an exact inventory balance, i.e., a zero variance, can occur
due to round-off.  This is fairly common in actual inventory
data.  We will assume that a zero variance is reported if the
actual variance is less than 0.5 gallons in absolute value.
Thus, a negative variance is reported only if the actual variance
is less than -0.5 gallons.  Let N* be the number of negative
variances actually reported and assume a/T =25 gallons.   Then
the distribution of N* should be approximated by a normal
distribution with mean and standard deviation shown in Table E-4.
                               E-6
-------
Table E-4.
Mean and standard deviation of normal approximation
to the distribution of N*, the number of negative
daily variances accounting for round-off error, for
various values of the leak rate L, for a 30-day
inventory
L
(gallons)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mean
15.26
15.74
16.22
16.69
17.17
17.64
18.11
18.58
19.04
19.49
19.94
Standard
deviation
1.633
1.634
1.635
1.638
1.644
1.650
1.660
1.672
1.681
1.687
1.703
     Now suppose we have 30 days' inventory and there is no leak.

Using the approximating distribution from Table E-4 the number of

daily variances observed should have the distribution shown in

Table E-5.
Table E-5.
Probability distribution of the number of negative
daily variances, N*, observed when no leak is present
n = number of
negative






variances
15
16
17
18
19
20

(Pr(N* >
0.564
0.326
0.142
0.047
0.011
0.002

n)






                              E-7
-------
Thus, if we make 18 or more negatives our criterion for deciding
that a deficit is present, there is approximately a five percent
false-positive rate.  That is, a tank with no leak and no source
of error in inventory other than random measurement error due to
sticking has approximately a five percent chance of being
erroneously classified as a leaker.  Note that false-positives
due to other factors such as theft are not accounted for here.
The detection capability of this version of the EPA inventory
analysis method can now be calculated using the values given in
Table E-4.  Results are shown in Table E-6.
Table E-6.
Probability of detection of leaks of various sizes
using the modified EPA inventory method based on
3 0 days'  data
Actual leak
Gallons/day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Gallons/hour
.04
.08
.12
.17
.21
.25
.29
.33
.37
.42

Detection
probability
0.08
0.14
0.21
0.31
0.41
0.53
0.64
0.73
0.81
0.87
Thus, leaks of at least nine gallons per day or more have better
than 80 percent chance of detection.  It should be noted that the
detection capability of the simple inventory method based on only
30 days' data would be expected to be poor.  The method was
designed, as explained previously, for use as a tool for on-going
monitoring programs.
                              E-3
-------
II.  WARREN ROGERS ASSOCIATES' INVENTORY RECONCILIATION METHOD

     Warren Rogers Associates (WRA) has developed a computerized
system for analyzing daily inventory data from underground
storage tanks in order to identify leaks8.  The details of the
method are proprietary.  This section provides a brief
description of publicly-available information on the model and
should not be interpreted as an evaluation or endorsement by EPA.

     The WRA system was developed in response to the perceived
inadequacy of conventional, routine inventory accounting in
detecting small or moderate leaks.  Typically, such leaks are
masked in the data by a variety of errors.  For example, a single
delivery error of 300 gallons could mask a 10 gallon-per-day leak
based on 30 days' inventory.   The purpose of the model is to
isolate, identify, and quantify these errors.

     Errors accounted for include:

          Delivery errors;
          Unexplained additions;
          Pump meter error;
          Temperature effects;
          Stick error; and
          Tank or line leaks.

Occasionally, other, rarer, errors will appear, e.g., use of an
incorrect tank conversion chart, or theft.  The data required by
the model include only daily stick readings, deliveries, and
sales.
8Warren Rogers Associates, Inc., "Inventory Reconciliation
 System," (undated).
                              E-9
-------
   The  basis  for  the model  is that the major errors and
discrepancies in the inventory data are very distinct in their
characteristics and thus in the way they contribute to the total
record.  Thus, for example, an unrecorded over-delivery or an
unrecorded removal will cause a permanent shift in the record
which remains as a fixed component in all future observations.
This effect can be estimated and removed from consideration when
evaluating the possibility of a continuing day-to-day trend
indicative of a leak.   By contrast,  a large stick error caused by
a mistake in reading the stick or conversion chart will typically
cause a large discrepancy in that day's inventory which will be
followed the next day by a discrepancy of similar size in the
opposite direction.  The two discrepancies will tend to cancel
out in the cumulative inventory record.  The "signature" of a
pump meter error is different:  such an error will induce day-to-
day errors of constant sign proportional to the through-put of
the tank.

     WRA's report to clients includes a record of day-to-day
variances and the cumulative variance between book inventory and
stick measurement for the period.  It also provides:

          Over-  or under-deliveries by date of occurrence and
          amount.  That is, the discrepancy between the amount of
          product actually delivered as opposed to the amount
          reported;
          Unexplained one-time gains or losses also by date and
          amount;
          Meter  errors at the pump;
          Trends which are indicative of either a tank or line
          leak;  and
          Effects of possible disparities between the ambient air
          temperature and underground temperature.
                              E-10
-------
As a special contribution to this study, WRA also provided a
"data quality code" based on professional interpretation and
experience.  The data quality code is explained in Table E-7.  A
sample WRA inventory report is shown in Figure E-l.  Based on a
discussion with the developers of the WRA model, the false-
positive rate is five percent, comparable to the modified EPA
method.
Table E-7.  WRA data quality code
          Category
          Definition
              1
              2

              3
              4
Confident of the result
The trend could have been
delivery-induced
The trend is noisy but believable
No confidence in the trend due
to the data
Data is questionable and requires
further investigation.
III. ENTROPY LIMITED INVENTORY RECONCILIATION SYSTEM

     Entropy Limited has developed the Precision Tank Inventory
Control (PTIC) system9.  The analysis is based on principles
similar to the WRA system and accounts for the same types of
errors and discrepancies.  Entropy appears to consider thermal
effects and vapor losses more comprehensively than does WRA.
However, additional input data to the system is required for
these analyses.
9Entropy Limited, "Precision Tank Inventory Control,"  (1984)
                             E-ll
-------
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     The PTIC system reports its leak findings as an estimated
leak rate, in gallons per day,  and as a "probability of leak"
(see the sample inventory report in Figure E-2).   According to
the model's developers, the probability of leak is based on a
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the leakage probability as follows:

          Leak probability                 Decision
               < 10%                    Tank is tight
             10% - 50%                  Inconclusive
               > 50%                    Tank is leaking

The 50 percent cutoff point corresponds to a false-positive rate
of approximately two percent.  To obtain a more typical five
percent false-positive rate, a cutoff of 30 percent leak
probability should be used to decide that the tank is leaking.
                               E-14
-------
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        APPENDIX F






DATA COLLECTION FORMS AND MATERIALS
             F-l
-------
                           APPENDIX F



                        TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                             Page
Open Letter to Owners and Managers of Underground
  Motor Fuel Storage Tanks; W.D. Ruckelshaus, United
  States Environmental Protection Agency, October 15,
  1984	   F-ld

General Instructions:  U.S. Environmental Protection
  Agency Underground Storage Tank Survey	   F-5

     Instructions for Completing the Inventory Sheet
       for Tanks with Metered Dispensing Pumps	   F-24

     Instructions for Completing Dispenser Meter
       Recording Sheet	   F-27

     Instructions for Completing the Manifolded Tank
       System Recording Sheet	   F-31

     Inventory Sheet for Tanks Without Metered Dispensing
       Pumps	   F-40

Reporting Responsibilities of Tank Owners and Operators...   F-43

Certification Statement for Establishments Without Tanks..   F-44

Establishment Operator's Questionnaire:  United States
  Environmental Protection Agency Underground Storage
  Tank Survey	   F-45

     Tank to Dispenser Meter Fuel Line Connections	   F-76

     Site Observations Recording Sheet	   F-77

Call Record/Case Folder:  United States Environmental
  Protection Agency Underground Storage Tank Survey	   F-79

Instructions:   Preparation for Tank Testing	   F-83

     Environmental Conditions Data Sheet	   F-84

     Temperature Profile Data Sheet	   F-85
                               F-3
-------
                      APPENDIX F

             TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)


                                                        Page

Site Diagram and Detail Diagram Sheet	   F-86

Picture Description Data Sheet	   F-87

Critical Features Data Sheet	   F-88

Edit Checklist	   F-89

Simulated Leak Test Volume Data	   F-90

Simulated Leak Data Form:  Leaking Underground
  Storage Tank	   F-91

Petro-Tite Data Sheet	   F-93

Line Test Data Sheet	   F-94
                           F-4
-------
                        WASHINGTON D.C  20460
            OCT15 iy«4
              OPEN' LETTER TO OWNERS AND MANAGERS OF
               UNDERGROUND MOTOR FUEL STORAGE TANKS
    The Environmental Protection Agency  (EPA)  is conducting  a
national survey to learn more about the  problem of  leaking
underground motor fuel storage  tanks and piping.   The  purposes  of
the study are to 'find out how widespread the  leakage problem is,
and to coilecc information on factors  that cause tanKs to  leak.
The study will help the Agency  assess  the impact of  leaking  tanks
on the economy and the environment, and  the  need for Federal
regulations to prevent leaking  tanks.

    I am writing to personally  ask for your  participation  in this
vital project, the results of which could have a major impact as
to how we deal with this potential environmental threat.

    Let me assure you that EPA  is not  conducting this  survey to
locate owners of leaking tanks  to take legal action  against
them.  To do so would defeat the purpose of  the survey.  In  the
case of leaking tanks, however, EPA will request that  the  owner
report any leak to the proper local authority  and  take corrective
action such as tank repair, replacement  or removal  from use.

    In order to conduct this study, EPA  has  selected a random
sample of about 1,000 establishments nationwide including  f ar-ns ,
gasoline service stations, transportation-related  businesses,
businesses with private gas pumps, and government  facilities.
The sample of 1,000 estaolishments was selected to  represent as
many types of underground storage tank facilities  as possible in
order to develop national estimates" of leakage on a  scientific
basis.  Your establishment is one of the 1,000 selected to
participate in this important study.
                                 F-5
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    Within the next 2 weeks, an interviewer from Westat, Inc., a
private contractor conducting the Survey for EPA, will be
contacting you to schedule an appointment for an interview with
you at your place of business.  A copy of the interview form is
enclosed.  We would appreciate it if you x^ould take the time to
fill out the questionnaire before the interviewer arrives, but do
not mail the questionnaire back to EPA.   The interviewer will
review your answers with you during the visit.

    In addition to the interview, the interviewer will be making
a sketch map of your facility layout, and will want to know where
each of your tanks is located.  It would be helpful if you have a
map of your tank and dispenser layout ready to show the
interviewer.

    As part of the survey,' we will be asking you to provide
product inventory records for a 30-day operating period, so it is
necessary that we know the accuracy of your pump readings.  If
the calibration of your pump  (or dispenser) meters has not been
checked and certified within  the past three months, the
interviewer will need to check the meter calibration with a
certified 5-gallon metering can.

    Your inventory data for each tank system will be analyzed by
computer to identify and explain any shortages or overages.
Results of the analyses will be provided to you at no cost and
will be confidential if you so request.  Later, we will want to
conduct professional tightness tests on some fraction of the
tanks inventoried in the survey.  All tests will be provided free
to the participant, and, if requested, results will be treated as
confidential by the Agency.

    The enclosed booklet of General Instructions will provide you
with definitions of key terms, answers to questions you might
have about the survey, and directions on completing the
questionnaire and providing inventory information.  If you have
any further questions about this questionnaire, or need any other
assistance, please call Westat at the toll-free survey assistance
number 800/638-8985, and ask  for the EPA Specialist.
                                 F-6
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    You may claim confidentiality for all or any part of your
response under 40 CFR Part 2.  You should do this when you
provide the information to the interviewer.  A confidentiality
request form is included in the instructions booklet.

    Although EPA is conducting the survey.under Federal
authority, we are seeking your full and active participation on a
cooperative basis.  I hope we can count on your help.

Enclosures

                          Sincerely,
                          William D. Ruckelsnaus
                                   F-7
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
  UNDERGROUND  STORAGE  TANK SURVEY
       GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS
                 Prepared by:

         WESTAT
         An Employee-Owned Research Corporation
               ci-iBivci • Rock./.He rv/ID SOBSO • .3CM S51 -1 5OO
                         F-9
-------
   GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  COMPLETING THE
    ESTABLISHMENT OPERATOR'S  QUESTIONNAIRE
   PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS  BEFORE  YOU  BEGIN TO
   FILL OUT THE ENCLOSED QUESTIONNAIRE.   IF  YOU SHOULD NEED
   FURTHER ASSISTANCE,  CALL WESTAT AT THE  TOLL FREE SURVEY
   ASSISTANCE NUMBER, (800) 638-8985,  AND  ASK FOR THE EPA
   SURVEY SPECIALIST.
                     PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY
     The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)  is  conducting
this study to learn more about the problem of  leakage  in  under-
ground storage tanks.   The purposes of  this study  are  to  find
out how widespread the leakage problem  is,  and  to  collect infor-
mation on factors that cause tanks to leak. The study will help
the Agency assess the  impact of leaking tanks  on the economy and
the environment, and the need for Federal  regulations  to  prevent
leaking tanks.
                HOW ESTABLISHMENTS WERE SELECTED
     Establishments were selected to participate  in  this  survey
from a preliminary listing of facilities  that  are likely  to have
underground storage tanks.  This  list was compiled by  EPA from a
variety of sources, including government  agencies, federal program
rosters, and private and telephone directories.   Your  facility
was not purposely chosen from this listing,  but sampled on a
probability basis using scientific random selection  procedures.
The purpose of the probability selection  procedures  is to obtain
a broad representation of kinds of establishments with underground
motor fuel storage tanks.

     If your company operates more than one  establishment that
has underground motor fuel storage tanks, the  establishment you
are to respond for can be identified by the  facility's name and
address on the questionnaire label.   If the  questionnaire label
does not provide you with enough  information to know which estab-
lishment to respond for, please call the  EPA Survey  Specialist
at the toll free hot line number,  (800) 638-8985.
                                    F-ll
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               HOW THIS  SURVEY WILL BE CONDUCTED
     Within the next two weeks, an interviewer from Westat, Inc.
will be contacting you to arrange an appointment for an in-person
interview with you at the establishment location.  (Westat, Inc.
is a survey research company that is assisting the EPA in con-
ducting the Underground Storage Tank Survey.)  Enclosed with
this instruction booklet is a copy of the questionnaire, so that
you will know what questions the interviewer will ask.  In order
to answer some of the questions, you may need to consult your
records, so you should prepare your answers to the interview
before the interviewer calls.  Since the interviewer will record
your answers in a separate copy of the interview, the enclosed
copy is yours to keep.
                           AUTHORITY
     This survey is being conducted under authority of Sections
9005 and 9009 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), as amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
of 1984.  Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 9005 detail EPA's
authority for conducting the survey and the conditions under
which EPA will treat information provided by owners and opera-
tors as confidential business information (see CONFIDENTIALITY).
Section 9009 details EPA's responsibilities in conducting studies
of underground storage tanks.
                          REIMBURSEMENT
     Section 9009(f) specifies that owners or operators of under-
ground storage tanks shall be provided "fair and equitable reim-
bursement" for "costs, including the loss of business opportunity,
due to closure or interruption of operation of an underground
storage tank solely for the purpose of conducting studies author-
ized by this Section."  Under Section 9009(f)(2), claims for
reimbursement must be "filed with the Administrator [of EPA] not
later than 90 days after the closure or interruption which gives
rise to the claim."
                           F-12
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                         CONFIDENTIALITY
     Section 9005(b) of RCRA, as ammended requires EPA to make
survey information available to the public upon request, unless
you have requested that the information be treated as confiden-
tial business information under 40 CFR, Part 2 and Section 1905
of Title 18 of the United States Code.  As explained in the
Administrator's open letter, you can request that all of the
information you provide be treated as confidential business
information, or that certain items be treated as such.  Informa-
tion that has been determined by EPA to be confidential business
information cannot be made available to the public by EPA, but
can be made available to authorized officers, employees and
representatives of EPA, and to the Congress, if requested.

     Although EPA is conducting this survey under Federal
authority, we are seeking your participation on a cooperative
basis.  Be assured that the contractor and staff conducting the
survey are pledged not to disclose the name or address of any
participant.  The contractor provides survey data to EPA identi-
fied only by a participant code number.  Only if an establishment
refuses to participate will the name and address be given to
EPA.  Should this occur, the Agency may be required to take
legal steps to obtain data necessary to the survey.  However, we
would use legal action as a last resort and would strive to
avoid its use.

     If you want to request that some or all of the information
you provide will be treated as confidential business information,
please read and complete the "Request for Confidential Treatment
of Business Information" form enclosed with this package.  You
should give the completed, signed request form to the interviewer
at the time of the interview.
                                 F-13
-------
        REQUEST FOR  CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT

                OF BUSINESS INFORMATION
     I hereby request that information I have provided to the
Environmental Protection Agency in response to (certain/all)
the questions in the "Underground Storage Tank Establishment
Operator's Questionnaire" or the "Inventory Record Form"  be
treated as confidential business information under 40 CFR
Part 2, and Section 1905 of Title 18 of the United 'States
Code.
     LIST THE QUESTION NUMBERS OF THE RESPONSES FOR WHICH YOU
ARE REQUESTING CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT:     	
                     PLEASE PRINT  OR  TYPE:
ESTABLISHMENT NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS:
                                     Street
                      City               State            Zip


TELEPHONE:
                                                      Extension
ESTABLISHMENT OWNER/
  OPERATOR:
                        (Print or type)          (Signature)
DATE :                	/	/	
                     Month    Day    Year


                            F-15
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                   DEFINITION  OF TERMS
Cathodic Protection - Used to reduce or eliminate corrosion
     of a metallic structure which is in contact with corrosive
     soil by applying an electric current to the structure
     which is greater in strength and opposite in direction to
     the current that is causing corrosion.

     Passive (galvanic) Cathodic Protection  - The required
          current is generated by the corrosion of sacrificial
          anodes, such as Magnesium or Zinc, which are attached
          to the surface of the protected material (tank or
          pipe) in the soil.

     Impressed Current Cathodic Protection - The required
          current is provided by an external source and is
          passed through the system using non-sacrificial
          anodes, such as Carbon or Platinum, which are buried
          in the ground.


Continuous Electronic Monitoring System - This system could
     include the following:

     •    thermal conductivity sensors;
     •    electrical resistivity sensors;
     •    gas detector; and
     •    interstitial monitoring in double-walled tanks.
Establishment - The term establishment is used to mean a
     commercial or non-commercial location that is used for
     any purpose other than just a residence.  That is, any
     location that is used for a nonresidential purpose (even
     if it is also used as a residence) is considered to be an
     establishment.  Examples of establishments include gaso-
     line service stations, farms, schools, factories, fire
     stations, highway maintenance facilities, parks, stores,
     offices, delivery services, military installations,
     airports, etc.  (If you believe that your facility does
     not fit the definition of an establishment, please call
     the toll free survey assistance number,  (800) 638-8985,
     and explain your situation to the EPA Survey Specialist.)
                                F-16
-------
External Corrosion Protection System - This system could include
      the following special equipment or materials:

           cathodic protection;
           electric isolotion;
           polyethylene wrappings;
           coatings; and
           paints.


Inventory Reconciliation - The balancing of "book" inventories
      against observed inventories (meter/dipstick readings).


Manway - A means of entrance into an underground storage tank
      allowing internal inspection.


Motor Fuel - Any substance that is used to power a motorized
      vehicle (such as an automobile, boat, airplane, truck,
      etc.).  For example, motor fuels such as:

      •    leaded gasoline;
      •    unleaded gasoline;
      •    diesel fuel;
      •    aviation gas;
      •    jet fuel; and
      •    gasohol.


Pressure Pump Delivery System (also called submerged pump delivery
      system) - This system works on the principle of positive
      pressure to push the liquid from a low point to a high
      point using a submerged pump (coupled with an electric
      motor) mounted inside the tank.


Remote Gauge - A measuring device that indicates the quantity of
      fuel stored in a tank on an external scale or dial.


Secondary Containment - A secondary enclosure or barrier intended
      to contain any spills or leakage from the primary storage
      tank or from pumps, piping and other equipment.  These may
      include:

      •    concrete vaults or basins;
      •    plastic or clay lined basins;
      •    soil sealants (soil cement or bentonites); or
      .    double-walled tanks or pipes.
                              F-17
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Siphon Pump Delivery System (also called suction pump delivery
      system) - This system works by drawing liquid from a low
      point because of a vacuum at a high point, using a suction
      pump.  This pump is located at grade (i.e., ground level),
      either directly above the storage tank or, as in the case
      of some dispensing operations, at some distance from the
      storage tank (at the pump islands).


Underground Storage Tank - A large vessel or container-placed
      beneath the surface of the earth used for storing and
      handling of liquids (such as petroleum products) or waste
      materials (such as used or waste oil).


Used or Waste Oil - Oils (whether used or unused) that are no
      longer fit for their intended use because of contamination
      or degradation.  These oils include, but are not limited to

      •    automotive engine oils;
      •    gear lubricants;
      •    diesel engine oils;
      •    railway diesel oils;
      •    oil storage and treatment residuals (such as bottoms);
      •    hydraulic oils;
      •    metal working oils;
      •    transformer oils; and
      •    oils contaminated with water.
Water Finding Paste - A paste applied to the bottom of the
      dipstick which changes color when it comes in contact with
      water.
Water Table - The upper limit of the portion of the ground
      (soil) wholly saturated with water.
                                 F-18
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       ORGANIZATION  OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
The Establishment Owners/Operators Questionnaire is  designed  to
obtain data on your establishment's underground fuel and waste
oil storage operation,  including such items as tank  design,
operating and installation characteristics, tank corrosion pro-
tection and tank leakage monitoring.  The questionnaire  is
divided into seven sections,  as follows:


A.   Screening Information

     This section of eleven questions asks for information about
     the establishment  itself,  including  questions about the
     type of establishment, the owner and operator of the estab-
     lishment, and the  number of tanks at the establishment.
     Question A.11 provides instructions  for completing  Tank
     Description Sheets for the establishment.

          Tank Description Sheets - A Tank Description Sheet
          must be completed for each underground tank.   Ques-
          tions asked will include information on specific tank
          characteristics, such as reported age, size and typi-
          cal fill volume, manufacturer,  installer,  materials of
          construction, inspections or leak tests, and other
          design characteristics.


B.   Operating Practices

     This section asks  questions about practices such as taking
     tank inventories using a dipstick, checking and recording
     dispenser meter readings,  inventory  procedures  after a
     delivery and inventory reconciliation or "balancing"
     between stick readings,  dispenser meter readings, and
     delivery records.


C.   Operating History

     In this section you will be asked about any tanks that have
     been replaced, removed without being replaced,  or abandoned
     in place, and in what year and why this occurred.


D.   Permits and Licenses

     This is a short section  about any special permits or licenses
     needed for tank installation or storage of flammable materials


                             F-19
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E".   Installation

     Section E includes overall questions about how the tank
     was installed.
     Protection

     This section asks questions about any protection systems
     in use against external corrosion, and any monitoring
     systems used to detect tank leakage.
     Information Needs

     Section G is about the kinds of information and services
     relating to tank monitoring that are currently available
     to you.
                                 F-20
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                USE  OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
          The questionnaire has been  designed to minimize  the
effort required for it's completion.   "Skip patterns" have been
incorporated  to enable respondents to by-pass sections of the
questionnaire which are not relevant  to them.  The following
section describes how you are  to  complete the questionnaire in
preparation for the call from  a Westat interviewer.
                       EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS


          Most of  the questionnaire  items are straightforward
and require  only the circling  of  the correct code(s)  or the
completion of short answers  on the lines which  are provided.
The following examples illustrate the use  of other question
formats  found throughout the questionnaire.


          Example  A

          Some questions require  that you indicate  a  distance or
frequency and also circle  the  correct unit of measurement or
time as  indicated in the sample questions  below.   Different
units have been  specified  for  your convenience.   Please do not
neglect  to circle a unit code  (as shown) or to  write  in an
appropriate  unit of measurement or time.   This  question, as with
all questions,  includes  its  own instructions printed  in capital
letters  and  enclosed in  brackets.
E4.   What is the shortest distance between any of your tanks and any neighboring underground
     tank or other solid underground structure (such as a basement wall, sewer, or utility
     vault;?  [ENTER DISTANCE AND CIRCLE UNIT CODE]


                                   SHORTEST DISTANCE FROM        /
                                    UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE: 	t/7            /23-2£
                                   INCHES	01
                                                                        , 29-3C
                                                                 v—'
                                   OTHER [SPECIFY];
                               F-21
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F2.   How often do you inspect your external corrosion protection system?  [ENTER
     FREQUENCY AND CIRCLE UNIT CODE]
      IF YOU NEVER INSPECT THE EXTERNAL CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM, CHECK HERE
      AND SKIP TO F3.
                                        FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION:
                                        [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                         PER DAY	01
                                         PER WEEK	02
                                         PER MONTH	(JT,
                                         PER YEAR	04
                                         OTHER [SPECIFY]:
                                                                             05
                                                                                    719
                                                                                    720-22
                                                                                    723-24
            Example B
                                                                         "no"
            Other questions  require that you code a  "yes or
answer  for  each  category listed,  as  indicated in  the sample
question below.   The "Other [SPECIFY]"  line  enables  you  to enter
an answer  not  covered  by the preprinted response  categories.
                   cn yf t*ie following fael tvpes «ere atorea in 5113
                 :an* luring the past 12 moncns' [CIRCLE JNE CODE fOR
                    Jnieaaea  lasnune
                    Die-re, 'ue: .  . .
                    Otner UPEC'.r*;:
                                                  / 58-55
                                         F-22
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           Example C

           When a series of  similar questions  apply  consistently
to a  given category,  they have been  formatted into  tables  or
grids to facilitate  the administration of the questions.   Notice
also  that Question C6b requests that all applicable response
categories be  circled, not  just the  most prominent  one, as indi-
cated in the sample  question  below.
  C6.
Please answer the following questions about each tank that has been removed without
being replaced.  [SPACE HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR UP TO FOUR TANKS. IF MORE THAN FOUR
TANKS HAVE BEEN REMOVED WITHOUT BEING REPLACED, WRITE THE ANSWERS FOR THE ADDITIONAL
TANKS ON A PLAIN SHEET OF PAPER]

C6a. In what year was the
(first/second/third)
tank removed?


C6b. Why was tne tanK
removed?
[CIRCLE ALL THAT
APPLY FOR EACH TANK]
a. Because it

was leaking?. . . .
b. Because other tanks
were being removed
at that time? . . .
c. Because it was no
longer needed/ in
use7 	
d . Or for some other
reason [SPECIFY]: .


First Tank

—1 1 1
(year)
720-23






01

^-.
M32J


03

04
(specify)
724-33
Second Tank

~74
(year)
734-37




^^^

(oy


02


03

04
(specify)
738-47
Third Tank

81
(year)
748-51




^_^^

\^y


02

/" — N
( 03 )
vy
04
(specify)
752-61
Fourth Tank


(year)
762-65






01


02


03

04
(specify)
766-74
                                F-23
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                             SKIP  INSTRUCTIONS


            Skip instructions  indicate the next question  to be
 answered.   They  s.ave  time  by allowing  you  to ignore  irrelevant
 questions.   The  following  is an  example of a skip instruction
 attached  to an answer category.


 81.   Do you (or another establishment employee) inventory the contents of your tank(s) by
      neasuring the depth of the contents with a dipstick? [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                       YES [GO ON TO B2]	1       ...
                                                                                 / 10
                                        NO  [SKIP TO 85]
            Skip instructions  are sometimes not attached  to an
 answer but  are enclosed in  a box,  as  shown  below.
814.  Ho* often is the accuracy of your dispenser meters checked?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CCOE]
IF THE ACCURACY OF YOUR DISPENSER METERS IS NEVER CHECKED,  CHECK HERE
AND SKIP TO 816.
                                                                                732
                                      DAILY	01
                                      WEEKLY	02
                                      EVERY TWO WEEKS	03
                                      MONTHLY	C4     /33-34
                                      ANNUALLY	05
                                      OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  06
                                      F-24
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         THE  MOTOR  FUEL INVENTORY SHEETS
     Enclosed in the survey package  are  four  kinds  of  sheets  for
keeping daily motor fuel inventory records.   The  type  of  tank
and dispenser systems you operate will determine  which inventory
sheet(s) you will need to use.   You  may  need  only one  kind of
sheet or as many as three kinds.

     In Figure 1 on the following page,  you will  find  schematic
diagrams of the seven most common tank and dispenser hookup
systems currently in use.  These seven hookup systems  are listed
in Table 1, below.   Use the diagrams in  Figure 1  to determine
which tank and dispenser hookup system(s) you have.  Then use
Table 1 to determine which kind(s) of sheet(s) you  should use
for inventory recording.
  Table 1. Inventory Recording
Possible tank/Dispenser Meter/
Dispenser Hookups
Single tank, unmetered
Single tank with single
dispensing meter
Single tank with multiple
dispensing meters
Custom Blending:
2 tanks, 2 dispensing meters,
1 dispenser
Custom Blending:
2 tanks, multiple dispensing
meters and dispensers
Manifolded Tanks:
Multiple interconnected tanks,
multiple dispensing meters
Manifolded Tanks, Custom
Blending
Appropriate Inventory Review Forms
Inventory
Sheet
for Tanks
without
Metered
Dispensing
Pumps
X






Inventory
Sheet for
Tanks with
Metered
Dispensing
Pumps

X
X
X
X
X
X
Dispensing
Meter
Recording
Sheet

X
X
X
X
X
X
Manifolded
Tank System
Recording
Sheet





X
X
                             F-25
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                                 Figure 1
                   Schematic Diagrams of Possible Tank/
                     Dispensing Meter/Dispenser Hookup
 Single tank.
                Single tank.
Single tank.
Custom Blending:
 unmetered'  single dispensing  multiple dispensing  2 tanks, 2 dispensing
                                      meters         meters,  1 dispenser

     Custom Blending:
2 tanks, multiple dispensing
   meters and dispensers
          Manifolded Tanks:
    multiple interconnected tanks,
     multiple dispensing meters
                                  M1]   IM21  IM3J   IM4
                   Manifolded Tanks, Custom Blending
                                  F-26
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     Regardless of which inventory sheets you use, you will need
to provide 30 complete inventory readings for each of your tanks.
It is preferable that each of these readings represents one
operating day.  Many tanks and tank systems are inactive (not
used) for certain days during the week.  If your tank(s) are
inactive on a particular day, you can use the inactive day as an
inventory day only if you take and record dipstick readings for
the tank(s) for that day.  (You cannot carry down the closing
stick readings from the previous day. )  You must provide actual
stick readings (or remote gauge readings, if available) for each
of the 30 inventory days.  If your dispensers are metered, you
must also provide meter readings for each of the 30 inventory
days.  If you do not have complete inventory information for a
day, do not use that day as an inventory day.

     Instructions for using each of the four kinds of Motor Fuel
Inventory Sheets, along with example copies of the Sheets, are
provided on the following pages of this booklet.  After you have
used Figure 1 and Table 1 to determine which inventory sheets
you will be using, please read the instructions on how to complete
the sheets.
          If you have any questions about:

          •   Which sheets you should use for your tanks;
          •   How to complete the sheets; or
          •   Any recording problems you may have;

          please call Westat at the toll-free survey
          assistance number, (800) 638-8985, and ask for
          the EPA Survey Specialist.
                              F-27
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                 INSTRUCTIONS  FOR COMPLETING THE
     INVENTORY  SHEET  FOR TANKS WITH METERED DISPENSING  PUMPS
     The Inventory Sheet for Tanks with Metered Dispensing Pumps
is used for any individual tank or system of connected tanks
(i.e., manifolded tanks) that has one or more metered dispensing
pumps.  The sheet is used to record daily physical inventory
measurements (stick readings and deliveries) and volume of fuel
pumped from the tank, as calculated from dispensing meter read-
ings.  You will need one Inventory Sheet for Tanks With Metered
Dispensing Pumps for each tank (or system of tanks) that has
metered dispensers.

     You should fill out one line of the Inventory Sheet for
each day that inventory readings are taken.  (Days for which
inventory readings are not taken should not be entered on the
sheet.)

     •    In Column 1, enter the date of the reading (day and
          month).

     •    In Column 2, enter the opening dipstick reading, in
          gallons.  (On days 2 through 30, opening dipstick
          reading will be the same as the closing stick reading
          of the line above.)

     •    In Column 3, enter the day's deliveries to the tank,
          in gallons.

     •    In Column 4, enter the sum of Columns 2 and 3.  (This
          is your "opening physical inventory."

     •    In Column 5, enter your closing dipstick reading to
          the nearest quarter inch.

     •    In Colunn 6, enter your closing dipstick reading,
          converted to gallons (using your conversion chart for
          this tank).

     •    In Column 7, subtract the amount in Column 6  (your
          closing stick inventory) from the amount in Column 4
          (your opening physical inventory) and write the
          remainder in Column 7.  This column represents the
          quantity gone from the tank, according to your physi-
          cal inventory records.
                               F-28
-------
     .    In Column 8, enter the "meter sales" (the number of
          gallons pumped from the tank according to your meter
          readings).  You must record the actual meter readings
          and calculate the meter sales on a Dispenser Meter
          Recording Sheet.  Column 8 of the Inventory Sheet
          should equal Line I of the Dispenser Meter Recording
          Sheet for the same date.

     The Inventory Sheet for Tanks With Metered Dispensing Pumps
is printed as a four-page booklet along with a Dispenser Meter
Recording Sheet.  (The dispenser Meter Recording Sheet is the
last three pages of the booklet.)  Six copies of the Inventory
and Dispenser Sheet booklet are included in the survey package.
If there are more than six tanks with metered dispensers at your
establishment, please photocopy as many additional sheets as are
required.
                              F-29
-------
   INVENTORY  SHEET  FOR  TANKS WITH METERED DISPENSING PUMPS
                                                                        Tank Number:
                                                                        Dispenser  Meter  Numbers:
                      (Name  of  Facility)
                       (Street  Address)
                                                      Type  of Fuel:

                                                      Size  of Tank:
      (City/Town)
          (State)
                   (Zip)
                                                                        Year  Installed:
                                             Dipstick*  Inventory
       Column 1
 Column 2
                                Column  3
                                             Column  4
                             Column 5   Column  6
                                      Column 7
                                       Column 8
 Day
         Date
 Opening
Dipstick*
Inventory
(gallons)
 Deliveries

(in gallons)
[Column 2]
   plus
[Column 3]
 Closing
Dipstick*
Inventory
(inches)
 Closing
Dipstick*
Inventory
(gallons)
Gone from
   Tank:
[Column 4]
  minus
[Column 6]
Meter sales**
  (gallons)
 (from meter
   sheet)
  3  I
 10
 11   I
 12
 13
 15  I
 16
 17  I
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 25
 26
 27
 28  j
 30
          I
              I
            I
           I
 *If tank has remote gauge,  check here  	|  and use remote gauge readings instead of stick readings.
"Transferred from Line I  of Dispenser Meter Recording Sheet.
                                                F-30
-------
                   INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  COMPLETING
                 DISPENSER  METER RECORDING  SHEET
     The Dispenser Meter Recording Sheet is used to record daily
meter readings and to calculate volume of fuel pumped for all
dispenser meters connected to an individual tank or system of
tanks.  One 30-day set of Meter Sheets is kept for each individ-
ual tank or connected tank system.  On each day of inventory
readings, record each meter's closing reading (in gallons) on
Line G ("Today's Closing Meter").  Record "Yesterday's Closing
Meter" on Line H.  (For Day 2 through Day 30, "Yesterday's
Closing Meter" will be the same as Line G ["Today's Closing
Meter"] from the day before.)

     The gallons of fuel dispensed daily through a given meter
is calculated by subtracting "Yesterday's Closing Reading" (Line
H) for that meter from its "Today's Closing Reading" (Line G).
Enter the difference between the two readings in Line I for each
meter.  This is the number of gallons dispensed (pumped) through
that meter during that day.  After you have entered the gallons
dispensed by each meter in Line I, add up Line I for all meters
and enter that figure in the column marked "Line I Totals."  The
"Line I Total" figure is the daily "gallons dispensed" for all
meters.  The "Line I Total" must also be recorded for the same
day in Column 8 of the Inventory Sheet for this tank.

     Dispenser Meter Recording Sheets are printed in a four-page
booklet, along with an Inventory Sheet. Six copies of this book-
let are included in the survey package.  Please photocopy extra
copies if needed.
                             F-31
-------
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                                                                          F-34
-------
                 INSTRUCTIONS  FOR COMPLETING  THE
             MANIFOLDED TANK SYSTEM RECORDING SHEET
     The Manifolded Tank System Recording Sheet is an eight-page
booklet that is used whenever two or more tanks are connected by
piping to make a multiple or manifolded tank system.  One Mani-
folded Tank System Recording Sheet booklet is to be used for
each manifolded tank system that is to be inventoried.

     The purpose of the Manifolded Tank System Recording Sheet
is to provide a convenient way to keep individual daily stick
and delivery records for each tank in the system.  At the end of
each day, you should add up and record each line of inventory
measurements (Lines A through F) for all tanks in the manifolded
system.  These daily totals are entered in the "Tank System
Totals" column of the Manifolded Tank System Recording Sheet,
and then transferred to the appropriate columns of the Inventory
Sheet for the tank systems.  The "Transfer to Inventory Sheet"
column on the righthand side of the sheet indicates that Inven-
tory Sheet column number to which the total should be transferred,
You must also complete a Dispenser Meter Recording  Sheet for
the tank system.
                              F-35
-------
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-------
                  INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING
   INVENTORY SHEET FOR TANKS WITHOUT METERED DISPENSING PUMPS
     The Inventory Sheet for Tanks Without Metered Dispensing
Pumps is the only sheet to be used with tanks having unmetered
dispensing pumps.  Without metered dispensing pumps, it is
difficult to use inventory records to monitor for fuel losses,
because the quantities of fuel being pumped from that tank are
unknown.  As a result, inventory calculations must be based on
stick readings alone.  You will need an accurate dipstick and
the correct inches-to-gallons conversion chart for your unmet-
ered tank.

     You will need to make a series of 30 opening and closing
dipstick readings of your unmetered tank.  There should be one
or more days between each of the 30 readings.  Figure 2, below,
shows two plans for taking the 30 readings.
                            Figure 2

          Inventory Readings Plans for Unmetered Tanks
PLAN A:   Immediately before each withdrawal or delivery of
          fuel, enter the date and opening stick readings for
          the tank on the inventory sheet.  Immediately after
          the withdrawal or delivery make and record the closing
          stick reading on the inventory sheet.  Deliveries
          should be entered from the delivery receipt you re-
          ceive from the fuel truck driver.  (All deliveries
          will be made when the facility is "open," since the
          delivery will be occur between the opening and closing
          stick readings.)
PLAN B:   At the beginning of each operating day (before any
          withdrawals of fuel) record the date and opening stick
          reading for the day.  At the end of the day (after all
          withdrawals of fuel) record the closing stick readings.
          If a delivery occurs while "closed" (after the closing
          dipstick reading was taken) record the quantity deliv-
          ered (from the receipt) on the line for the following
          day and circle the code (2) for "closed."  If a deliv-
          ery occurs while your facility is open, record the
          quantity delivered on the line for the day the delivery
          occurred and circle the code (1) for "open."  NOTE:
          It is not necessary to have withdrawals or deliveries
          during an operating day in order to fill in an inventory
          line, as long as you make and record both opening and
          closing stick readings.

                                F-44
-------
     If your tank is used very infrequently (once a day or less)
you may wish to follow Plan A.  Plan A requires that you record
dipstick readings on the tank each time you use the tank.  If
the tank is used more than once a day, you should follow Plan B.
Plan B requires that you record dipstick readings at the opening
and closing of each operating (business) day.

     The step-by-step instructions for recording inventory on
the "Inventory Sheet for Tanks Without Metered Dispensing Pumps"
are:
                                 s
     •    In Column 1, record the date that the inventory reading
          will be made (day and month).

     •    In Column 2, record the opening dipstick reading, in
          inches (to the nearest quarter inch).

     •    In Column 3, record the opening dipstick reading, in
          gallons (as calculated from your inches-to-gallons
          conversion chart for this tank).

     •    In Column 4, record the closing dipstick reading, in
          inches (to the nearest quarter inch).

     •    In Column 5, record the closing dipstick reading, in
          gallons (as calculated from your inches-to-gallons
          conversion chart for this tank).

     •    In Column 6, record the amount delivered to the tank
          since your closing reading on the line above.  (The
          "Gallons Delivered" should be taken  from the receipt
          provided by the fuel delivery truck  driver.)

     •    Finally, in Column 7,  please indicate whether the fuel
          delivery was made before  the opening stick reading on
          this line (i.e., when the facility was closed) or
          during the time between the opening  and closing stick
          readings (i.e., when the  facility was open).
                              F-45
-------
INVENTORY SHEET FOR  TANKS WITHOUT  METERED  DISPENSING  PUMPS
                    (Name of Facility)
                                                     Tank  Number: 	

                                                     Type  of  Fuel: _

                                                     Size  of  Tank:	

                                                     Year  Installed:
    (City/Town)
                     (Street  Address)
         (State)
(Zip)
Dipstick* I
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Opening Opening
Dipstick* Dipstick*
Reading Reading
Day Date (inches) (gallons)
1 [
2
3
4 I
5
6 I
7 [
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 I
16
17
18
19
20 I
21 I
22
23
24 I
25
26
27
28
29
30
nventory
Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7
Has delivery
Closing Closing made while
Dipstick* Dipstick* Deliveries open or closed?
Inventory Inventory (Circle one)
(inches) (gallons) (in gallons) Open Closed
I 1 2
1 2
1 2
I 1 2
I -12
I 112
1 2
1 2
I 1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
I 1 2
I 1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
    »If tank has
     readings.
remote gauge, check here |	|  and use remote gauge readings instead of stick
                                             F-46
-------
                REPORTING  RESPONSIBILITIES

           OF TANK OWNERS  AND OPERATORS
     On November 8, 1984,  President Reagan signed the  Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, amending the Resource
Conservation and Recovery  Act (RCRA).   Section 9005(a)  of  RCRA,
as amended, states:

     "FURNISHING INFORMATION—For the  purposes of developing  or
     assisting in the development of any regulation, conducting
     any study, or enforcing the provisions of this subtitle
     [Subtitle I of Title  VI, 'Regulation of Underground Storage
     Tanks], any owner or  operator of  an underground storage
     tank . .  . shall upon request of  any officer,  employee or
     representative of the Environmental Protection Agency duly
     designated by the Administrator,  .  . . furnish information
     relating  to such tanks, their associated equipment,  their
     contents, conduct monitoring or testing, and permit such
     officer at all reasonable times to  have access to,  and copy
     all records relative  to such tanks  [underline  added for
     emphasis].For the purposes of developing or  assisting  in
     the development of any regulation,  conducting  any study, or
     enforcing the provisions of this  subtitle, such officers,
     employees or representatives are  authorized —

          "(1) to enter at reasonable  times any establishment or
     other place where an  underground  storage tank  is  located;

          "(2) to inspect  and obtain samples from any  person  of
     any regulated substance contained in such tank; and

          "(3) to conduct  monitoring or  testing of  the tanks,
     associated equipment, contents, or  surrounding soils, air,
     surface water or ground water.

     Each such inspection  shall  be commenced and completed with
     reasonable promptness.

     Section 9006, "FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT," gives EPA the authority
to issue compliance orders and to commence civil actions for
noncompliance  with the requirements of Section 9005.   Section
90006(a)(3)  authorizes EPA to seek civil penalties  for violation
of such an order, not to exceed  $25,000  per day of  continued
noncompliance.
                            F-47
-------
               UNITED STATES EN V iRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENC1

                           WASHINGTON, D. C. Z^-i-'.C
Dear Establishment Owner/Operator:

     If there are no underground motor fuel storage tanks located at
your establishment, please sign the certification statement below
indicating this and return in the postage paid envelope provided.  If
there are abandoned or out of service underground motor fuel storage
tanks at this establishment you should not sign this statement.  If
the interviewer calls after you have mailed the signed statement,
inform him/her that you have done so.
                                            Sincerely,
                                            Martin P. HaXper, Director
                                            Exposure  Evaluation  Division
Establishment Name:
Establishment Address:

Establishment Telephone:
                      CERTIFICATION STATEMENT FOR
                     ESTABLISHMENTS WITHOUT TANKS
         THE OWNER OR THE OPERATOR OF THE FACILITY, OR
         HIS AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE, SHOULD SIGN
         AND DATE THE CERTIFICATION WHERE INDICATED.
         THE PRINTED OR TYPED NAME OF THE PERSON SIGN-
         THE CERTIFICATION SHOULD ALSO BE INCLUDED
         WHERE INDICATED.
CERTITIFICATION:

     I hereby certify that there are no underground motor fuel  storage
tanks at the establishment at the above address.  I am aware  that
there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of a fine.
Print or type name
Signature
       F-48
Date signed
-------
                                       OMB No.: 2070-0037

                                       Expires: December 31, 1985
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

            UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK SURVEY

          ESTABLISHMENT OPERATOR'S QUESTIONNAIRE
                         Conducted by:
                  WESTAT
                  An Employee-Owned Research Corporation
                     ea'TfB
-------
A1.
                             A.   SCREENING INFORMATION

What type of establishment is this?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                                                                      01
           a.  FARM OR RANCH	01                                    /60-61
           b.  GASOLINE SERVICE STATION.

               [PLEASE SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING SUBCATEGORIES]:
                                                                                                    762-63
               b1.  FULL SERVICE STATION (WHERE MOTOR
                    VEHICLE REPAIR WORK IS DONE)	02
               b2.  LARGE,  HIGH VOLUME STATION	03
               b3.  CONVENIENCE STORE	04
               bit.  SELF SERVICE GASOLINE STATION	05
               b5.  OTHER [PLEASE DESCRIBE] 	

                    	  06                                    /64-65

           c.  MILITARY FACILITY 	  07
           d.  FEDERAL AGENCY OR OFFICE	08
           e.  STATE AGENCY OR OFFICE	09
           f.  LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR OFFICE 	  10
           g.  MARINA	11
           h.  TAXI SERVICE OR COMPANY	12
           i.  BUS FLEET FACILITY	13
           j.  TRUCK FLEET  FACILITY	14
           k.  AIRPORT OR AIRFIELD	15
           1.  RAILROAD DEPOT	16
           m.  OTHER BUSINESS [PLEASE SPECIFY YOUR
               ESTABLISHMENT'S PRIMARY PRODUCT OR                                                   /66-67
               SERVICE]: 	  17


                                                                      PLEASE DO NOT COMPLETE THE
           n.  BULK FUEL PLANT OR TERMINAL	18 —*• REST OF THIS QUESTIONNAIRE!
           o.  PRIVATE RESIDENCE THAT IS NOT ASSOCIATED               PLEASE CALL WESTAT AT THE
               WITH A FARM OR RANCH	19 —*•  800-638-8985 (TOLL FREE NUMBER)
           p.  OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  20      AND ASK FOR THE "EPA SPECIALIST."
                                             BOX A1

      IF A1 = MILITARY, FEDERAL, STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY (CODES 07, 08, 09 OR 10), CHECK

      HERE     AND SKIP TO A6.  OTHERWISE, GO ON TO A2.
                                                                                                     768-69
                                                                                              770
A2.
Is this establishment owned and/or operated by a major petroleum company?  [CIRCLE ONLY
ONE CODE]

                                  YES	
                                  NO	
                                                                                                     771
                                           F-50
-------
 A3.    What  is  the  name  and  address  of the  owner  of this establishment?

            Owner's Name    	

            Owner's Address
A4.    What  is the  name  and  address  of  the  operator of this establishment?

            Operator's Name:     	
            Operator's Address:
A3.    What  is the motor  fuel that  is  stored  at  this establishment  used for:   retail sales, whole-
       sale  sales, or for use by the establishment  itself?   [CIRCLE ONE CODE  FOR EACH ITEM]

                                                                                       YES   NO

                                         a. RETAIL  SALES	1     2      /72
                                         b. WHOLESALE SALES	1     2      /73
                                         c. USE  BY  THIS  ESTABLISHMENT	1     2      774
                                         d. OTHER [SPECIFY]:	  1     2      /75
                                                                                                     X76-77
A6.   Does this establishment have any underground  storage  tanks  that  are  used to store
      motor fuel?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]                                                            /78
                                        YES  [GO  ON  TO  A7].  .   1
                                        NO	2
PLEASE DO NOT COMPLETE THE REST OF
THIS QUESTIONNAIRE!  PLEASE CALL
WESTAT AT 800-638-8985 (TOLL FREE
NUMBER) AND ASK FOR THE "EPA
SPECIALIST."
A7.   How many underground storage tanks currently in use  are  used  to  store  motor fuels?

                                                NUMBER OF  TANKS: 	       /79-81


A8.   Does this establishment have any underground storage tanks that  are  used  to
      store used or waste oil?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO  A9]	1
                                                NO [SKIP TO A11]	2
                                                      F-51
-------
A9.   How many underground storage tanks currently in use are used to store used or waste oil?

           NUMBER OF USED OR WASTE OIL UNDERGROUND TANKS: 	         783-85


A10.  What (is/are) the capacity/ies of your used or waste oil tank(s)?  [ENTER CAPACITIES IN
      GALLONS]

           a.  Capacity of used or waste oil tank #1		 gallons     /86-91

           b.  Capacity of used or waste oil tank #2		 gallons     /92-97

           c.  Capacity of used or waste oil tank #3		 gallons     /98-103
                                           F-52
-------
A11.  Please fill out one Tank Description Sheet for each underground storage tank that this
      facility uses to store motor fuel.  There are six (6) Tank Description Sheets bound into
      this booklet.  If there are more than six underground storage tanks at this establishment,
      either photocopy as many additional sheets as are required to describe all the tanks, or
      write the answers to the questions for each extra tank on a plain sheet of paper.

      TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET INSTRUCTIONS

      1.   Use the space on the next page to draw a map of the underground tank area at your
          establishment.   On the map,  show the location of each tank, the pumps/dispensers for
          each tank,  and  any buildings and features associated with the tanks (such as a garage,
          driveway, or wall).   See the example map below showing a gasoline service station with
          three tanks and two  pump islands.

      2.   Assign a number to each underground  storage tank at this establishment,  and write
          that number on  the tank in your map.   (See example below.)   Also write the tank number
          in the upper lefthand  corner of the  Tank  Description Sheet  for that tank.

      3.   It is only  necessary to fill out Tank Description Sheets for tanks that  are on site
          at this establishment.   Do not  fill  out  Tank Description Sheets for any  tanks that
          this establishment may  use,  own or maintain off site.

      4.   If another  establishment  uses or maintains an underground storage tank on your
          establishment's  site/property,  you should complete a Tank Description  Sheet for  that
          tank and include it  on  your  map.

      5.   Large establishments with  more  than one tank area  may  find  it  easier to  draw
          individual  maps of each tank area, rather  than  drawing one  large  map.

                                                 Map
                                                    T--53
-------
                                                                                                                     021
                                                    TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET
T1.
15.
To.
18.
What is trie capacity of this tank7  .That is, what is
the maximum numoer of gallons of fuel it can hold9)
[ENTER CAPACITY  IS GALLONS]

     TANK DESIGN CAPACITY:
                                     	 gallons
                                                        1o-2l
      What is the average amount of fuel in this tank just
      before a aeliverv7  .'That is, what is the low ooint of
      the product level9;  [ENTER QUANTITY I\ GALLONS]
           AVERAGE CONTENTS BEFORE DELIVERY:
                                                      gallons
                                                        22-21
      What is the average amount of fuel delivered to this
      tank''  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]

           AVERAGE SIZE Of DELIVERY:
                                         	 gallons
                                                        28-33
      What is the maximum number of gallons of fuel that has
      ever been stored in this tank7  *That is, how full have
      vou actually filled it7!  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           LARGEST QUANTITY HELD IN TANK:
                                                      gallons
                                                        '34-39
      In what year was this tank installed1'

           YEAR OF INSTALLATION:
Was this tank new or used wnen it was installed''
[CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     NEW [SKIP TO T8]	1
     USED [GO ON TO T7]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T8] . .  .   8
                                                 /44
How old was this tank when it was installed7

     AGE IN YEARS: 	
                                                 ,'45-47
Is this tank scheduled for replacement or repair
within the next 12 months7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           YES
           NO.
                                                       748
                                                       ,'49
T10.
T11.
      In what year was this tank last repaired7

           YEAR LAST REPAIRED:
      What types of repairs were done to this tank9

      REPAIRS:
                                                       ,'50-53
                                                       754-55
                                                       756-57
T12.  Which of the following fuel types were stored in this
      tank during the past 12 months7  [CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR
      EACH FUEL TYPE]
      b.
      c.
      d.
      e.
      f.
     Leaded gasoline .
     Unleaded gasoline
     Diesel fuel .  . .
     Aviation fuel  . .
     Gasohol 	
     Other  [SPECIFY]:
YES

 1
 1
 1
 1
 1
 1
T13.   Does this tank have a pump?

           YES [GO ON TO T14]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T18]	2
NO

 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
                                                       /5B-65
                                                       766
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
                       T14.  How many pumps are connectea  to tnis tank7

                                  NUMBER OF PUM"S 	
                                                                               D/-6S
                       T13.  Does this tank have a "suction" or a "submerged"  \ores-
                             sure  pump deliverv system7   [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                  SUCTION	01
                                  SUBMERGED	02
                                  OTHER [SPECIFY:: 	  03
                                                            T16.
                                                            T17.
                                                            T18.
                                                                              /70-71
                             How many dispensers '.nozzles! are connected to this tank7

                                  NUMBEK OF NOZZLES: 	
                                                                               72-74
                             Do the proouct dispensers (nozzles) for this tank nave
                             meters to measure the total quantity of product that nas
                             been pumped from the tank7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                                       YES
                                                                       NO.
                                                                                                            1
                                                                                                                         ,'75
                                                                  Is this tank attached to another tank by pipes or lines7
                                                                  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                  YES [PLEASE SPECIFY THE
                                    TANK NUMBERS) OF
                                    THE CONNECTED TANK(S)]
                                                                                                                         776
                                                                             NO.
                                                                  T19.
                                                                              /77-7S
                             How is this tank situated in relation to the water
                             table7  Is it:  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                  Completely above the water table. .
                                  Partially above and partially
                                   below the water table	
                                  Or, is the top surface of the tank
                                   completely below the water table .
                                  Other [SPECIFY]: 	
                                                               01

                                                               02

                                                               03
                                                               04
T9.   Has this tank ever been repaired7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]   T20.

           YES [GO ON TO T10]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T12]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T12], . .  8
                                                            T21.
                                                                  T22.
                                                            T23.
T24.
                                                                              779-80
                             Does this tank have a manway or other means of being
                             entered for internal inspection7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                  YES [GO ON TO T21]	1
                               .   NO [SKIP TO T23]	2
                                  DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23]. .  .  8
                                                                              781
                             Has the interior of the tank ever been inspected7
                             [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                  YES [GO ON TO T22]	1
                                  NO [SKIP TO T23]	2
                                  DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23]. .  .  8
                                                                              782
                             When was the most recent internal inspection of this
                             tan1-.7

                                  MOST RECENT INSPECTION: 	
                                                                              783-86
                             Has the tank ever been tested for leaks after it Has
                             placed in service7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE COOT]
                                                                             YES [GO ON TO T24]	1
                                                                             NO [SKIP TO 126]	2
                                                                             DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T26]. . .  8
                                                       787
What test method was used to test the tank?  (Please
give the brand name of the test, if known, and describe
the test procedure.  If more than one method was used,
describe all methods used.)
                                                                        METHOO(S):
                                                                                                                   788-89
                                                                                                                        790-91
                                                                  F-55
-------
                                              TANK  DESCRIPTION SHEET  (Continued)
T25.   In what year  was the tank  last  tested  by  this/these
      methods?

           YEAR LAST TESTED:  	
                                                       ;16-19
T26.   Of "hat material is this tank constructed''   [CIRCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE]

           FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC  .   01
           STEEL	02
           OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  03
                                                       /20-21
T27.   Is the inside of this tank lined'  [CIRCLE ONLY  ONE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T28]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T30]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T30].  .  .   8
                                                       /22
T28.   In what year was the lining installed9

           YEAR LINED: 	
                                                       X23-26
T29.   Of what material is the liner constructed9  [CIRCLE
      ONLY ONE CODE]

           EPOXY-BASED RESINS	01
           FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC  ...   02
           ISOPHTHALIC POLYESTER-BASED RESINS.   03
           POLYURETHANE-8ASED RESINS 	   04
           OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  Q5
                                                       727-28
T30.  Is the outside of this tank coated?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE
      CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO TJ1]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T32]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T32]. .  .   8
                                                       ,'29
T31.  Of what material is the coating constructed?  [CIRCLE
      ONL1 ONE CODE]

           FIBERGLASS/EPOXY	31
           4SPHALTIC MATERIAL	02
           URETHANE	03
           COAL TAR EPOXY	04
           OTHER [SPECIFY]: __	  05
                                                       /30-31
T32.  Is there secondary containment for this tank?  [CIRCLE
      uNLY ONE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T33]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T34]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T34]	8
 33.  Is this secondary containment a:

           concrete basin7	
           clastic-lined earth basin9 	
                                                       .'32
           clay-lined basin7	
           double-wall tank9	
           or something else [SPECIFY]:
01
02
03
04
05
                                                       ,'33-34
T34.   Is there secondary containment for any equipment that is
       attached to this tank (such as pipes, pumps, valves,
       etc.)9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T35]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T36]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T36]	8
 T35.   Is this secondary containment a:

           concrete basin9	01
           plastic-lined earth basin9 	  02
           clav-lined basin9	03
           double-wall piping9	04
           or something else [SPECIFY]: 	  05
                                                       /35
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
                    T36.   What  is  the name of the company that installed the
                          tank9
                               INSTALLER:
                    T37.   Is there a paved surface over tne tank9

                               YES [GO  ON  TO T38]	    1
                               NO  [SKIP TO T40]	2

                    T38.   Is this  pavement:

                               asphalt9	01
                               concrete?	02
                               gravel?	03
                               other [SPECIFY]:  	  04
                    T39.
                    T41.
                          How  thick  is the pavement?

                               THICKNESS:
                                   [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                    INCHES	01
                                    FEET	02
                                    OTHER  [SPECIFY]: 	
                                                                03
                    T40.   What 13 the distance from the surface to
                          the top of the tank9

                               DISTANCE TO SURFACE:
                                   [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                    INCHES	01
                                    FEET	02
                                    OTHER [SPECIFY]:
                                                                03
                          Does this tank have any of the following kinds
                          of protection against corrosion?  [CIRCLE ONLY
                          ONE CODE FOR EACH ITEM]
                                                               Yes  No
                          a.    Passive cathodic protection
                               (using sacrificial  anodes)9 .  .
                          b.    Cathodic protection using
                               impressed current9	
                          c.    Other [SPECIFY]: 	
T42.   Has this tank ever been founa to be leaking9
      [CIRCLE  ONLY  ONE CODE]

           YES [GO  ON TO T43]	1
           NO  [SKIP TO T44]	2
           DON'T  KNOW [SKIP  TO T44] ...  8

T43.   How was  the leak detected and/or verified?
      [CIRCLE  ALL THAT APPLY]

           INVENTORY RECONCILIATION ...  01
           ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...  02
           FACILITY INSPECTION	03
           TANK TESTING	04
           OTHER  [SPECIFY]: 	
                                                               05
                    T44.  Have the lines 'piping)  for tnis tank ever
                          been 'ound to be leaking?  [CIRCLE ONLY
                          ONE CODE]
                               'iES.
                               SO .
                               DON"
                                                                           ,38-39
                                                       .,40
                                                       /41-42


                                                       ,''43-45




                                                       /46-47







                                                       /48-50




                                                       /51-52
                                                       /53

                                                       /54
                                                       /55
                                                                           ,'56-57
                                                                           ,•58
                                                                           •59-60
                                                                           .61-62
                                                                           ,63-64
                                                                           ,65-66
                                                                           ,'67-68
                                                       F-56
-------
                                                                                                                     G2!
                                                    TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET
                                                                                                          TASK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
11.
T2.
T3.
T4.
T5.
T6.
T7.
T8.
T9.
T10.
Til.
What is the caoacit\ of tnis tank7   Tnat is. what is
tne maximum number of gallons of fuel it can hold'''
[ESTER CAPACITY IN GALLONS]

     TANK DESIGN CAPACITY:
           T14.  How many pumps are connected to this tanK7

                           rt or PUMP5 _
                               	 gallons
                                                " '16-21
What is the average amount of fuel in this tank just
before a delivers"1   That is, what is the low point of
the product level''   [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
                                                                                             _
                                                                                                                         ,67-o9
                                                                  T15.   Does this tank nave a "suction" cr a "submeroed" .pres-
                                                                        sure;  pump deliverv svsten;'1  [LiRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                                             SuCTION 	
                                                                             SUBMERGED .  .  .  .
                                                                             CTHER [SPECIFY j:
                                                     C1
                                                     02
                                                     03
           AVERAGE CONTENTS BEFORE DELIVER*:
                                                      oallons
                                                      " 22-27
      What is the average amount of fuel delivered to this
      tank7  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]

           AVERAGE SIZE OF DELIVERY:
                                                                                                                   •70-71
                                                            T16.  How many dispensers ,nozzles, are connected to this tank7
                               	 gallons
                                                  28-33
What is the maximum number of gallons of fuel that has
ever been stored in this tank7  (That is, now full have
vou actually filled it7)  [ENTER QUANT I TV IN GALLONS]
                                                                             NUMBER OF NGZZLES:
                                                                  T17.
                                                                   72-7«
                 .0 the product dispensers  nozzles'1 for tnis tank have
                 meters to measure tne total quantity of product that nas
                 been pumped from the tank7  [CIRCLE ONLV ONE CODE]
           LARGEST QUANTITY  HELD IN TANK:
                                                      gal Ions
                                                        34-39
                                                                       YES
                                                                       NO.
      In what year was this tank installed7

           YEAR OF INSTALLATION:
                                                                                                                         775
                                                            T18.  Is this tank attached to another tank by pipes or lines7
                                                                  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                 /40-43
Was this tank new or used when it was installed7
[CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     NEW [SKIP TO T8]	1
     USED [GO ON TO T7]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T8] . .  .   8
                                                 744
How old was this tank when it was installed7

     AGE IN YEARS:  	
                                                 745-47
Is this tank scheduled for replacement or repair
within the next 12  months7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                                             YES [PLEASE SPECIFY  THE
                                                                               TANK NUMBERvS)  QF
                                                                               THE CONNECTED TANK(S)]
                                                                                                                         '16
                                                                             NO.
                                                                                                                   /77-7S
                                                            T19.  How is this tank situated in relation to the water
                                                                  table7  Is it:  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           YES
           NO.
                                                       748
                      Completely above the water table. ...
                      Partially above and partially
                       below tne water table .........
                      Or, is the top surface of the tank
                       complete!)  below the water table ...
                      Other [SPECIFY]: _
                                                                                                                01

                                                                                                                02

                                                                                                                03
                                                                                                                         779-80
      Has this tank ever been repaired7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]   T20.   Does this tank have a manway  or other means of being
                                                                        entered for internal inspection7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           YES [GO ON TO T10]	1
                                                                             YES [GO ON TO T21]	1
                                                                             NO [SKIP TO T23]	2
     NO [SKIP TO T12]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T12]. .  .  8
                                                       749
      In what year was this tank last repaired7

           YEAR LAST REPAIRED:
      What types of repairs were done to this tank7

      REPAIRS:
                                                       750-53
                                                       754-55
                                                                       DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23]. .  .   8

                                                            T21.   Has the interior of the tank ever been inspected7
                                                                  [CIRCLE ONLY  ONE CODE]

                                                                       YES [GO ON TO T22]	1
                                                                       NO [SKIP TO T23]	2
                                                                       DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23]. .  .   8
                                                                                                                         781
T12.
                                                 756-57
Which of the following fuel tvpes were stored in this
tank during the past 12 months?  [CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR
EACH FUEL TYPE]
                                                                  T22.
                                                                  782
                 When was the most recent internal inspection of this
                 tank?

                      MOST RECENT INSPECTION:
                                                                                                                         783-86
                                                                  T23.   Has the tank  ever  been tested for leaks after  it  was
                                                                        placed in service7  [CIRCLE  ONLY  ONE  CODE]
      a.    Leaded gasoline .
      b.    Unleaded gasoline
      c.    Diesel fuel .  . .
      d.    Aviation fuel  . .
      e.    Gasohol 	
      f.    Other  [SPECIFY]:
                                     YES

                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
T13.   Does this tank have a pump7

           YES [GO ON TO T14]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T1B]	2
NO

 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
                                                       758-65
                                                       766
                                                                       YES [GO ON TO T24]	1
                                                                       NO [SKIP TO T26]	2
                                                                       DON'T  KNOW [SKIP  TO T26].  .  .   8
                                                                                                                   787
                                                            T24,   What  test method was used to test  the tank?   (Please
                                                                  give  the brand name of the test,  if known,  and describe
                                                                  the test procedure.   If more than  one method was used*
                                                                  describe all  methods used.)

                                                                  METHOD(S):  	             	
                                                                                                                   788-89
                                                                                                                         790-91
                                                                 F-57
-------
                                              TANK  DESCRIPTION  SHEET  (Continued)
T25.
T26.
T27.
T28.
T29.
T30.
T31.
132.
In what year was the tank last tested by this/these
methods7

     YEAR LAST TESTED: 	___
                                                 /16-19
Of what material is this tank constructed9  [CIRCLE ONLY
ONE CODE]

     FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC .   01
     STEEL	02
     OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	  03
                                                 ,20-21
Is the inside of this tank lined1  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     YES [GO ON TO T28]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T30]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T30]. .  .  8
                                                 722
In what year was the lining installed9

     YEAR LINED: 	
                                                 ,'23-26
Of what material is the liner constructed?  [CIRCLE
ONLY ONE CODE]

     EPOXY-BASED RESINS	01
     FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC ...  02
     ISOPHTHALIC POLYESTER-BASED RESINS.  03
     POLYURETHANE-BASED RESINS 	  04
     OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  05
                                                 /27-2S
Is the outside of this tank coated7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE
CODE]

     YES [GO ON TO T31]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T32]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T32]. . .  B
                                                 /29
Of what material is the coating constructed?  [CIRCLE
ONLY ONE CODE]

     FIBERGLASS EPOXY	01
     ASPHALTIC MATERIAL	02
     URETHANE	33
     COAL TAR EPOXY	04
     OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  05
                                                 ,'30-31
Is there secondary containment for this tank7  [CIRCLE
ONLY ONE CODE]

     YES [GO ON TO T33]	  1
     \0 [SKIP TO T34]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T34]	3
                                                       '32
 33.  Is tnis secondary containment a:

           concrete basin7	01
           plastic-lined earth basin7 	   02
           clay-lined basin?	C3
           double-wall tank"1	04
           or something else [SPECIFY]:  	  05
                                                       , 33-34
T34.  Is there secondary containment for any equipment that is
      attacned to this tank -such as pipes,  pumps, valves,
      etc.)7  [CIRCLE UNLY ONE CODE]

           VES [GO ON TO T35]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T36]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIr" TO T36]	3
T35.  Is this secondary containment a:

           concrete basin7	01
           plastic-lined earth basin7 	   02
           clay-lined basin7	03
           douole-wall piping7	04
           or something else [SPECIFY]:  	  05
                                                       •35
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
                                                                     T36.   What  is  the  name of the company  that  installed  the
                                                                           tank7
                                                                     T41.
                                                                                INSTALLER:
T37.   Is there a paved surface over the tank7

           YES [GO ON TO T38]	    1
           NO [SKIP 10 T40J	2

T38.   Is this pavement:

           asphalt7	01
           concrete7	02
           gravel7	03
           other [SPECIFY]:  	  04
T39.   How thick  is tne pavement7

           THICKNESS:
               [CIRCLE ONE]:
                INCHES	01
                FEET	02
                OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	

                	  03

T40.   What is the distance from the surface to
      the top of the tank9
                                                                                DISTANCE  TO SURFACE:
               [CIRCLE ONE]:
                INCHES	01
                FEET	02
                OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	

                	  03

      Does this tank have any of the following  kinds
      of protection against corrosion?  [CIRCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE FOR EACH ITEM]

                                           Yes   No
      a.   Passive cathodic protection
           fusing sacrificial anodes)? .  *   1     2
      b.   Cathodic protection using
           impressed current9	1     2
      c.   Other [SPECIFY]: 	  1     2
T42.   Has this tank ever been found to Be leaking7
      [CIRCLE ONLY  ONE CODE]

           YES [GO  ON ro T43]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T44]	2
           DON'T  KNOW [SKIP  10 T44] ...  8

T43.   how was the leak detected and/or verified9
      [CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY]

           INVENTORY RECONCILIATION ...  01
           ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...  02
           FACILITY INSPECTION	03
           TANK TESTING	04
           OTHER  [SPECIFY;: 	

                                           05
                                                               T44.  Have the lines  piping,1  for this tank ever
                                                                     been found to be lea«ing7
                                                                     ONE CODE]
                                                                                                [CIRCLE ONLY
                                                                          NO ....
                                                                          DON'T KNOW
                                                                                                                            /38-39
                                                                                                                             40
                                                                                                                            , '41-42
                                                                                                                            / 46-47
                                                                                                                            ,'48-50
                                                                                                                            751-52
                                                                                                                            ,53
                                                                                                                            • 54
                                                                                                                            '55
                                                                                                                            '56-57
                                                                                                                      ,53
                                                                                                                      ,'59-60
                                                                                                                       61-62
                                                                                                                       63-64
                                                                                                                      '65-66
                                                                                                                      -67-68
                                                       , 36-37

                                                      F-58
-------
                                                    TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET
      What is the caoacitv of this tank''   That is, what is
      the maximuiTi number of gallons of" fuel it can hold9
      [ENTER CAPACITY IN GALLONS]

           TANK DESIGN CAPACITY:
                                     	 gallons
                                                       .16-21
      What is the average amount of fuel in this tank just
      before a aeliverv9  .That is, what is the iow point of
      the product level",  [ENTER QUANTITY  IN GALLONS]
           AVERAGE CONTENTS BEFORE DELIVERY:
                                                      gallons
                                                        22-27
T3.
T4.
T5.
T6.
T7.
IB.
      What is the average amount of fuel delivered to this
      tank'  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]

           AVERAGE SIZE OF DELIVERY:
                               	 gallons
                                                "-28-33
What is tne maximum number of gallons of fuel that has
ever been stored in this tank9  ,That is, how full have
vou actually filled it9,  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
     LARGEST QUANTITY HELD IN TANK:

In what year was this tank installed''

     YEAR OF INSTALLATION:
                                                      gallons
                                                        34-39
                                                 /40-43
Was this tank new or used when it was installed9
[CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     NEW [SKIP TO T8]	1
     USED [GO ON TO T7]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T8] . .  .  8

How old was this tank when it was installed9

     AGE IN YEARS: 	
                                                 745-47
Is this tank scheduled for replacement or repair
within the next 12 months9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           YES
           NO.
                                                       749
T10.
T11.
      In what year was this tank last repaired9

           YEAR LAST REPAIRED:
      What types of repairs were done to this tank9

      REPAIRS:
                                                       750-53
                                                       754-55
T12.
                                                 756-57
Which of the following fuel types were stored in this
tank during the past 12 months9  [CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR
EACH FUEL TYPE]
           Leaded gasoline .
           Unleaded gasoline
           Diesel fuel .  .  .
           Aviation fuel  .  .
           Gasohol 	
           Other [SPECIFY]:
                                     YES

                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
                                      1
T13.   Does this tank have a pump9

           YES [GO ON TO T14]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T18]	2
NO

 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
                                                       758-65
                                                       766
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
                                                                  T14.
                                                                  T15.
                                                                  how manv pumps are connected to this tank0

                                                                       NUMBER OF PUMPS 	
                                                                                                                    '67-69
                                                                  Does trus tank have a "suction" or a "suomerged" * pres-
                                                                  sure  pump delivers svstem9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                                       SUCTION	01
                                                                       SUBMERGED	02
                                                                       CTnER [SPECIFY]: 	  03
                                                            T16.
                                                                  T17.
                                                                  T18.
                                                                  ,'70-71
                 how many dispensers '.nozzles- are connected to this tank9

                      NUMBER OF NOZZLES: 	
                                                                  X72-74
                 Do the product dispensers ^nozzles) for this tank have
                 meters to measure the total quantity of product tnat has
                 been pumped from the tank9  [CIRCLE ONLV ONE CODE]
                      YES
                      NO.
                                                                        Is this tank attached to another tank by pipes or lines9
                                                                        [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                                             YES [PLEASE SPECIFY THE
                                                                               TANK NUMBER-'S  OF
                                                                               THE CONNECTED TANKlSi]
                                                                                                                         776
                                                                             NO.
                                                                  T19.
T9.   Has this tank ever been repaired9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]   T20.

           YES [GO ON TO T10]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T12]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T12).  .  .  8
                                                            T21.
                                                                  T22.
                                                                  T23.
F24.
                                                                  777-78
                 How is this tank situated in relation to the water
                 table9  Is it:  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                      Completely above the water table. ...  01
                      Partially above and partially
                       below the water table	02
                      Or, is the top surface of the tank
                       completely below the water table ...  03
                      Other [SPECIFY]: 	  04
                                                                  779-80
                 Does this tank have a manwav or other means of being
                 entered for internal inspection9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                      YES [GO ON TO T21]	1
                      NO [SKIP TO T23]	2
                      DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23]. . .  8
                                                                  781
                 Has the interior of the tank ever been inspected9
                 [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                      YES [GO ON TO T22]	1
                      NO [SKIP TO T23J	2
                      DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23], . .  8
                                                                  782
                 When was the most recent internal inspection of this
                 tank9

                      MOST RECENT INSPECTION: 	
                                                                  783-86
                 Has the tan* ever been tested for leaks after it was
                 placed in service9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODEJ
           YES [GO ON TO T24]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T26]	2
           DON'T  KNOW [SKIP TO T26].  .  .   8
                                                       787
      What test method was used to test the tank9  (Please
      give the brand name of the test,  if known,  and describe
      the test procedure.  If more than one method was used,
      describe all methods used.)

      METHOD(S):	     	
                                                                                                                   788-89
                                                                                                                         790-91
                                                                F-59
-------
                                                                                                                   0-51
                                              TANK  DESCRIPTION  SHEET  .'Continued)
T25.   In what year was the tank last  tested  by  this/these
      methods''
           YEAR LAST  TESTED:
                                                       /16-19
T26.  Of what material  is this tank constructed''   [CIRCLE  ONLY
      ONE CODE]

           FIBERGL* o-REINFORCED PLASTIC  .   01
           STEEL	02
           OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	  03
                                                       /20-21
T27.  Is the inside of this tank lined?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T28]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T30]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T30].  .  .   8
                                                       /22
T28.  In what year was the lining installed''

           YEAR LINED: 	
                                                       X23-26
T29.  Of what material is the liner constructed?  [CIRCLE
      ONLY ONE CODE]

           EPOXY-BASED RESINS	01
           FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC  ...  02
           ISOPHTHALIC POLYESTER-BASED RESINS.  03
           POLYURETHANE-8ASED RESINS 	  04
           OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  05
                                                       /27-28
T30.  Is the outside of this tank coated''  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE
      CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T31]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T32]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T32]. .  .  8
                                                       /29
TJ1.  Of what material is the coating constructed?  [CIRCLE
      ONLY ONE CODE]

           FIBERGLASS/EPOtY	01
           ASPHALTIC MATEHIAL	02
           URETHANE	03
           COAL TAR EPOXY	04
           OTHER fSPECIFY]: 	  05
                                                       /30-31
T32.   Is there secondary containment for this tank7  [CIRCLE
       ONLY ONE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T33]	  1
           NO [SKIP TO T34]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T34]	8
 T33.   Is this secondary containment a:
                                                       ;32
           concrete basin9	
           plastic-lined earth basin7 .
           clav-lined basin9	
           double-wall tank7	
           or something else [SPECIFY]:
01
02
03
04
05
                                                       ,'33-34
 T34.   Is there secondary containment for anv equipment that is
       attached to this tank (such as pipes, pumps, valves,
       etc.)7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           1ES [GO ON TO T35] . . .
           SO [SKIP TO T36] ....
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T36]
 T35.   Is this secondary containment a:
           concrete basin7	
           plastic-lineo earth basin7  .
           clay-lined Dasin7	
           double-wall piping7	
           or something else [SPECIFY]:
                                                 1
01
02
03
34
05
                                                       . 35
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
                    T36.   What  is  the name of the company that installed the
                          tank?
                                                                                INSTALLER:
                    T37.   Is  there  a  paved  surface over  the tank7

                               YES  [GO  ON TO T38]	    1
                               \0  [SKIP TO  T40]	2

                    T38.   Is  this  pavement:

                               asphalt7	01
                               concrete7	02
                               gravel7	03
                               other  [SPECIFY]: 	  04
                    T39.   How thick  is the pavement7

                               THICKNESS:
                                   [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                    INCHES	01
                                    FEET	02
                                    OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	
                                                                03
                    T40.   What is the distance from the surface to
                          the top of the tank?
                    T41.
                                                                                DISTANCE TO SURFACE:
               [CIRCLE ONE]:
                INCHES	01
                FEET	02
                OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	

                	  03

      Does this tank  nave any  of  the following  kinds
      of protection against corrosion?  [CIRCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE FOR EACH ITEM]

                                           Yes   No
      a.   Passive cathodic orotection
           ; using sacrificial  anodes)? .  .   1     2
      b.   Cathodic protection using
           impressed  current7	1     2
      c.   Other [SPECIFY]: 	  1     2
T42.   Has this tank ever been found to be leaking7
      [CIBCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T43]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T44]	2
           DON'T  KNOW [SKIP TO T44] ...  8

T43.   How was the leak detected and/or verified?
      [CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY]

           INVENTORY RECONCILIATION ...  01
           ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...  02
           FACILITY INSPECTION	03
           TANK TESTING	04
           OTHER  [SPECIFY]: 	

                                           05
T44.  Have the lines 'piping) for this tank ever
      oeen founa to be leaking7  [CIPCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE]

           YES	1
           NO	2
           DON'T 
-------
                                                                                                                   L91I
                                                    TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET
T1.
T2.
T3.
T4.
T5.
T6.
T7.
T8.
What is the capacity of this tank?  (That is, what is
the maximum number of gallons of fuel it can hold?)
[ENTER CAPACITY IN GALLONS]
           TAN.  JESIGN CAPACITY:
                                	 gallons
                                                 /16-21
What is the average amount of fuel in this tank just
oefore a delivery9  (That is, what is the low point of
the product level?)  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]

     AVERAGE CONTENTS BEFORE DELIVERY: 	 gallons
                                                 .'22-27
What is the average amount of fuel delivered to this
tank?  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
     AVERAGE SIZE OF DELIVERY: 	gallons
                                                 /28-3J
What is the maximum number of gallons of fuel that has
ever been stored in this tank?  (That is, how full have
vou actually filled it?)  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           LARGEST QUANTITY HELD IN TANK:
      In what year was this tank installed?

           YEAR OF INSTALLATION:      	
                                                      gallons
                                                     '  X34-39
                                                 /40-43
Was this tank new or used when it wss installed?
[CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     NEW [SKIP TO T8]	1
     USED [GO ON TO T7]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T8] . .  .  8
                                                 /44
Haw old was this tank when it was installed?

     AGE IN YEARS: 	
                                                 /4S-47
Is this tank scheduled for replacement or repair
within the next 12 months?  [CIRCLE GNLY ONE CODE]
           YES
           NO.
                                          1
                                                       /48
T9.   Has this tank ever been repaired?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
T10.
Til.
     YES [GO ON TO T10]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T1Z]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T12]. .  .  8

In what year was this tank last repaired?

     >EAR LAST REPAIRED:  	
                                                       /49
      what types of repairs were done to this tank9

      REPAIRS:
                                                       /50-53
                                                       /54-5S
T12.
                                                 756-57
Which of the following fuel tvpes 
-------
                                              TANK  DESCRIPTION SHEET  'Continued
T25.
126.
      In what  year  was the tank  last  tested  by  this/these
      methods9
           YEAR LAST TESTED:
                                                 /16-19
Of what material  is this tank  constructed7  [CIRCLE  ONLY
ONE CODE]

     FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC .   01
     STEEL	02
     OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	  03
T27.
T29.
                                                 /20-21
Is the inside of this tank lined?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     YES [GO ON TO T28]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T30]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP tQ T30].  .  .   8
                                                 ,'22
In what year was the lining installed9

     YEAR LINED: 	
                                                 ,'23-26
Of what material is the liner constructed7  [CIRCLE
ONLY ONE CODE]

     EPOXY-BASED RESINS	01
     FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC  ...   02
     ISOPHTHALIC POLYESTER-BASED RESINS.   03
     "OLYURETHANE-BASED RESINS 	   04
     OTHER [SPECIFY]:                     05
T30.
T31.
                                                 727-23
Is the outside of this tank coated7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE
CODE]

     YES [GO CN TO T31 ]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T3Z]	2
     DON'T KNOW i SKIP TO T32). .  .  8
                                                 ,'29
Of wnat material is tne coating constructed7  [CIRCLE
ONLY ONE CODE]

     FIBERGLASS EPOXY	01
     ASPHALTIC MATERIAL	02
     URETHANE	03
     COAL TAR EPOXY	04
     OTHER [SPECIFY]:               05
                                                       ,30-31
      Is there secondary containment for this tank9  [CIRCLE
      ONLY ONE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T33]	  1
           SO [SKIP 10 T3«]
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T34]
                                                       ,32
      Is this secondary containment a:
           concrete basin9	
           plastic-lined earth basin9 .  .   .
           clav-iined basin9	
           couDle-wall tank'	
           or something else [SPECIFY]:
                                           01
                                           02
                                           03
                                           04
                                           05
 T34.
                                                 ,'33-34
 Is  there secondary containment for any equipment that is
 attached to this tanx • such as pipes, pumps, valves,
 etc.,7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

      YES [GO ON I'D T35J	  1
      NO [SKIP TO '36]	2
      DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T36]	8
                                                        '35
       Is  this secondarv containment a:

           concrete basn9	01
           clastic-lined earth basin" 	  02
           clay-lined basin9	03
           double-wall piping9	Oa
           cr something else [SPECIFY]: 	  05
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
                                                               T36.   What  is  the  name of the company that installed the
                                                                     tank7
                                                                                INSTALLER:
T37.   Is there a paved surface over the tank7

           YES [GO ON TO T38]	    1
           NO [SKIP TO T40]	2

T38.   Is this pavement:

           asphalt9	01
           concrete7	02
           gravel7	03
           other [SPECIFY]:  	  04
                                                                     T39.   How thick  is the pavement7

                                                                                THICKNESS:
               [CIRCLE ONE]:
                INCHES 	
                FEEt	
                OTHER [SPECIFY]:
                                                                                                                 01
                                                                                                                 02
                                                                                                                 03
                                                                     T40.   What 15 the distance from the surface to
                                                                           the top of the tank9

                                                                                DISTANCE TO SURFACE:
               [CIRCLE ONE]:
                INCHES	01
                FEET	02
                OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	

                	  03

T41.  Does this tank have any of the following kinds
      of protection against corrosion7  [CIRCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE FOR EACH ITEM]
                                                                           a.   Passive catrtodic protection
                                                                                .using sacrificial anoces!9
                                                                           b.   Cathodic protection using
                                                                                impressed current9	
                                                                           c.   Other [SPECIFY]: 	
                                                               Ta2.  Has this tank ever been ""ound to De leaking'
                                                                     [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                                          YES [GO CN TO *43]	1
                                                                          NO [SKIP TO T-i-j	2
                                                                          DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T44J ...  8
T43.
      How was tne leak detected and/or verified7
      [CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY]
INVENTORY RECONCILIATION .
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .
FACILITY INSPECTION
TANK TESTING 	
OTHER [SPECIFY]:

. . 01
. . 02
03
. . 04

05
T44.  Have the lines .piping; for this tank ever
      ceen ""ound to be leaking9  [CIRCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE]

           YES	i
           NO	2
           DON'T KNOW	3
                                                                                                                            ,38-39
                                                                                                                            ;40
                                                                                                                            ,41-42
                                                                                                                            /48-50
                                                                                                                            ,51-52
                                                        53
                                                                                                                      •54
                                                                                                                      . 55
                                                                                                                       56-57
                                                                                                                             5B
                                                                                                                             59-60
                                                                                                                            ,bl-s2
                                                                                                                            '63-o4
                                                      F-62
-------
T2.
T3.
U.
T5.
16.
T7.
T8.
                                                                                                                    L9ii
                                                    TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET
      What is the capacity of this tank7  .That is, what is
      the maximum number of gallons of fuel it can hold''!
      [ESTER CAPACITY IN GALLONS]
     TANK DESIGN CAPACITY: 	 gallons
                                                  16-21
What is tne average amount of fuel in tnis tank just
before a delivery7  (That is, what is the low point of
the product level7}  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           AVERAGE CONTENTS BEFORE DELIVERY:
                                                      gallons
                                                        22-27
      What is the average amount of fuel delivered to this
      tank7  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           AVERAGE SIZE OF DELIVERY:
                                   	 gallons
                                                 .28-33
'"hat is the maximum number of gallons of fuel that has
ever been stored in this tank?  iThat is, how full nave
vou actually filled it?)  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           LARGEST QUANTITY HELD IN TANK:
                                                      gallons
                                                        34-39
      In what year was this tank installed7

           fEAR OF INSTALLATION:
                                                  '40-43
Was this tank new or used when it was installed?
[CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     NEW [SKIP TO 13]	1
     USED [GO 3N T0 T7]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T8] .  .  .  8

How old was tnis tank when it was installed7

     AGE :N YEARS: 	
                                                 ,45-47
Is this tank scheduled for replacement or repair
within the next 12 months7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                       /44
           VES
           NO.
                                                        49
T10.
111.
      In what vear was this tan* last repaired?

           YEAR LAST REPAIRED:      	
      What types of repairs were done to this tank7

      REPAIRS:
                                                        54-55
T12.
                                                  56-57
Which of the following fuel t-.pes were stored in *:nis
tank during tfe past 12 months7  [CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR
EACH CUEL TYPE]
      b.
      c.
      d.
      e.
     Leaded gasoline .
     Unleaded gasoline
     Diesel f'jel .  . .
     Aviation fuel  . .
     Gasohol 	
     Qtner [SPECIFY]:
YES

 1
 1
 1
NO

 2
 2
 2
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
                       T14.  How many Dumps are connected to this tank7

                                  NUMBER OF PUMPS 	
                                                                              ,67-69
                       T15.  Does this tank have a "suction" or a "submerged" *pres-
                             sure) pump delivery system7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                  SUCTION	01
                                  SUBMERGED	02
                                  OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  03
                                                            T16.
                                                                  T17.
                                                            T18.
                                                                              ,'70-71
                             How many dispensers '.nozzles) are connected to this tank7
                                                                             NUMBER OF NOZZLES:
                                                                               72-74
                             Do the product dispensers  .nozzles) for this tank have
                             meters to measure the total quantity of product that has
                             been pumped from the tank7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                                       YES
                                                                       NO.
                                                                                                                         '75
                                                                  Is this tank attached to another tank by pipes or lines7
                                                                  [CIRCLE UNLY ONE CODE]
                                                                             YES [PLEASE SPECIFY THE
                                                                               TANK NUMBERIS) OF
                                                                               THE CONNECTED TANK(Si]
                                                                             NO.
                                                                                                                         776
                                                                                                                         /77-T
                                                                  T19.
T9.   Has this tank ever been repaired7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]   T20.

           YES [GO ON TO T10]	1
           NO [SKIP '0 T12]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T12].  .  .   8
                                                            T21.
                                                                  T22.
                             How is this tank situated in relation to the water
                             table7  Is it:  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                  Completely above the water table. ...  01
                                  Partially above and oartiallv
                                   below the water table	02
                                  Or, is the top surface of the tank
                                   completely below the water table ...  03
                                  Other [SPECIFY]: 	  Ou
                                                                              • 79-80
                             Does this tank 'lave a manwav or other means of being
                             entered for internal inspection7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODC]

                                  YES [GO ON TO T21!	1
                                  NO [SKIP TU T23]	2
                                  DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23). . .  8
                                                                              '81
                             Has the interior of the tank ever been inspected7
                             [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                  YES [GO ON TO T22]	1
                                  NO [SKIP TO T23]	2
                                  DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23J. . .  8
                                                                              ,82
                             When was the most recent internal inspection of this
                             tan'<7
                                                                             MOST  HECENT  INSPECTION:
                                                                        Has the tank ever oeen tested for leaks a'ter it
                                                                        placed in service7  [CIRCLE ONLY  JNE CCDEJ
                                                                                                                          33-86
                       T24.
     YES [GO ON TO F2oJ ......  1
     NO [SKIP TO T26] .......  2
     DON'T KNOW '.SKIP TO T26]. .  .  8
                                                 •87
•hat test method was used '.o r.est the tank7   Please
give the orand name of tne test,  if Known, and descrioe
the test procedure,  if more than one method was used,
describe all methods used.,1
T13.   Does this tank nave a  pump7
           VES [GO ON  TO pa],
           '.0 [SKIP T0 T18J.  .
                                                       ,58-65
                                                                        METHOD'S,:
                                                                                                                          88-39
                                                                                                                          90-91
                                                         F-63
-------
                                              TANK  DESCRIPTION SHEET  Continues.
T25.
T26.
In wnat year was the tank last tested by this/these
methods9
           YEAR LAST  TESTED:
                                                 ,-16-19
Of wnat material is this tank constructed''  [CIRCLE ONLY
CNE CODE]

     FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC .   01
     STEEL	02
     OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	    03
T27.
T28.
T29.
                                                 ,20-21
Is the inside of this tank lined7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     YES [GO ON TO T28]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T30]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T30]. .  .  8
                                                 ,'22
In wnat year was the lining installed9

     YEAR LINED: 	
                                                 '23-26
Of what material is the liner constructed?  [CIRCLE
ONLY ONE CODE]

     EPOXY-SASED RESINS	01
     FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC ...  02
     ISOPHTHALIC POLYESTER-BASED RESINS.  03
     POLYURETHANE-BASED RESINS 	  04
     OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  05
T30.
T31.
                                                 ,'27-23
Is the outsiae of this tank coated9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE
CODE]

     YES [GO ON TO T31]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T32]	2
     DON'T 
-------
                                                                                                                   I  021
                                                    TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET
T1.
T2.
T3.
T4.
T5.
T6.
T7.
T8.
T10.
What is the capacity of this tank9  (That is, what is
the maximum number of gallons of fuel it can hold'7)
[ENTER CAPACITY IS GALLONS]
     TANK DESIGN CAPACITY: 	...    gallons
                                                 ,16-21
What is the average amount of fuel in this tank just
before a delivery'7  '.That is, what is the low ooint of
the product level')  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           AVERAGE CONTENTS BEFORE DELIVERY:
                                                      gallons
                                                        22-27
What is the average amount of fuel delivered to tnis
tank'  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           AVERAGE SIZE OF  DELIVERY:
                                   	 gallons
                                                  28-33
What is the maximum number of gallons of fuel that has
ever been stored in this tank?  vThat is, how full have
vou actually filled it')  [ENTER QUANTITY IN GALLONS]
           LARGEST QUANTITY HELD IN TANK:
                                                      gallons
                                                       /34-39
      In what year was this tank installed?

           YEAR OF INSTALLATION: ________
                                                 /40-43
Was this tank new or used when it was installed?
[CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     NEW [SKIP TO T8]	1
     USED [GO ON T0 T7]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T8] . .  .  3
                                                 ,'44
How old was tnis tank when it was installed'

     AGE IN YEARS: 	
                                                 ,'45-47
Is this tank scheduled for replacement or reoair
within the next 12 months'  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CCDE]
           YES
           NO.
                                                       ,48
T9.   Has this tank ever been repaireo?  [CIRCLE ONLY QNE CODE]

           YES [GO ON TO T10]	1
           NO [SKI? TO T12]	2
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T12]. .  .  8
      In what year was this tank last repaired'

           YEAR LAST REPAIRED:
                                                       /50-53
T12.
'13.
      What types of repairs were done to this tank'

      REPAIRS:
                                                 /56-57
Which of the following fuel types «ere stored in this
tank during the past 12 -nonths'  [CIRCLE CN£ CODE FOR
EACH FUEL TYPE]

                                                 NO
                                                        56-65
                                                       '66

0.

d.
P
r.

does



Diesel fuel 	


Other [SPECIFY]:

this tank nave a pump'
YES [GO CN rQ Mi], ...
NO rsi'ip ro rial 	
YES
1

. . 1
. . 1
. . 1
1

. . 1

                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
T14.   How many pumps are connected to this tank'

           NUMBER OF PUMPS 	
                                                       ,67-69
T15.   Does this tank have a "suction" or a "submerged" (pres-
      sure)  pump deliverv system'  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           SUCTION	01
           SUBMERGED	02
           OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  03
                                                        70-71
T16.   How many dispensers (nozzles) are connected to this tank?
                                                                             NUMBER OF  NOZZLES:
                                                        72-74
T17.   Do the product dispensers (nozzles) for this tank have
      meters to measure the total quantity of product that has
      been pumped from the tank?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                                       YES
                                                                       NO.
                                                                                                                         /75
                                                            T18.  Is this tank attached to another tank by pipes or lines'
                                                                  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           YES [PLEASE SPECIFY THE
             TANK NUMBER;s) OF
             THE CONNECTED TANKlS)]
                                                                             NO.
                                                                                                                         ,'76
                                                                                                                         '77-78
T19.   How is this tank situated in relation to the water
      table'  la it:   [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           Completely above the water table. ...  01
           partially  above ana partially
            below the water table	02
           Or,  is the top surface of the tank
            completely below the water table ...  03
           Other [SPECIFY]: 	  04
                                                       ,79-80
T20.   Does this tank  have a manway or other means of being
      entered for internal inspection'  (.CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           YES  [GO ON TO T21]	;
           NO [SKI» TU T23]	2
           OCN'T KNOW [SKIP TO T23].  . .  3
                                                       /81
T21.   Has tne interior of the tank ever been inspected?
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           YES  [GO ON TO T22]	1
           NO [SKIP TO T23]	2
           DON'T KNOW 'SKIP TO T23],  . .  8
                                                       /82
T22.   When was  tne most recent internal inspection of this
      tanK?
                                                                             MOST  RECENT  INSPECTION:
                                                                                                                         ,83-36
                                                                  T23.   Has  the  tank  ever  been  tested  for  leaks  after  it  was
                                                                        slaced  in  service'   [CIRCLE  ONLY ONE  CODE!

                                                                             '•'ES [GO  ON  TO  T24]	1
                                                                             NO  [SKIP TO T26]	2
                                                                             DON'T  KNOW  [SKIP TO  T26].  . .   8
                                                                                                                         37
                                                                  T24.   What  test  method "as useo to test  the  tank'    Please
                                                                        give  the brand name  o*~  the test, if  known, ana describe
                                                                        tne  test procedure.   If nore than  one  method was  used.
                                                                        describe all  methods used.

                                                                        METHODvS;:
                                                           F-65
-------
                                              TANK DESCRIPTION  SHEET  .Continued,
T25.
T26.
In what year was the tank last  tested by  this,'these
methods'"
           YEAR  LAST  TESTED:
                                                 .16-19
Of unat material is this tank constructed''  [CIRCLE ONLY
ONE CODE]

     FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC  .   01
     STEEL	02
     OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	  03
T27.
T28.
T29.
                                                 ,20-21
Is the inside of this tank lined"1  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

     YES [GO ON TO T28]	1
     NO [SKIP FO T30]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T30).  .  .   8
                                                 /22
In what year was the lining installed''

     YEAR LINED: 	
                                                 723-26
Of -hat material is the Uner constructed'  [CIRCLE
ONLY ONE CODE]

     EPOXY-BASED RESINS	01
     FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC  ...   02
     ISOPHTHALIC POLYESTER-BASED RESINS.   03
     POLYURETHANE-BASED RESINS 	   04
     OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  	       05
T50.
T31.
                                                 ,77-28
Is the outside of this tank coated9  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE
CODE]

     YES [CO ON TO T31]	1
     NO [SKIP TO T32]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO [32]. .  .  8
                                                 •29
Of what material is the coating constructed7  [CIRCLE
ONLY JNE CODE]

     FIBERGLASS LPOXY	01
     ASPHALTIC MATERIAL	02
     URETHANE	03
     COAL TAR EPQXY	04
     UTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  05
T32.
 53.
                                                 ,30-31
Is there secondary containment for this tank7  [CIRCLE
ONuY ONE CODE]

     YES [GO ON T3 T33]	  1
     NO [SKIP TO T3*]	2
     DON'T KNOW [SKIP  TO f?4 ]	8
                                                        32
      Is this secondary containment a:
           concrete basin7	
           plastic-lined earth basin7 ....
           clay-lined basin"	
           Double-wall tank7	
           or something eise [SPECIFY]:  	
                                           01
                                           02
                                           03
                                           34
                                           05
T34.
                                                  33-34
Is there secondary containment for any equipment that is
attached to this tank  .such as pipes, oumps, yalves,
etc.;7  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           YES [CO ON TO T35] .  .  .
           NO [SKIP TO '36] ....
           DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO T36]
                                                        35
T35.
      is this secondary containment a:

           concrete oasin7	01
           plastic-lined earth basin7 	  02
           ciay-li-'ed basin7	33
           3oubie-*all pioing7. 	  04
           or something else [SPECIFY]: 	  05
                                                                                                          TANK
                                                                                                          NUMBER:
T36.   What is the name of the company that instaliea the
      tank7
                                                                                INSTALLER:
                                                                     T37.   Is  there  a  paved  surface  over  the  tank7
                                                                                YES  [GO  ON  TO  T38]
                                                                                NO  [SKIP TO TuO]  .
                                                                     T38.   Is  this  pavement:
           aspnalt7	01
           concrete7	02
           gravel7	03
           ether [SPECIFY]:      	  04
T39.   How thick is the pavement7

           THICKNESS:
               [CIRCLE ONE]:
                INCHES 	
                FEET	
                OTHER [SPECIF^]:
                                                                                                                01
                                                                                                                02
                                                                                                                 03
                                                                     T40.   What  is  the  distance  from  the  surface to
                                                                           the  top  of the  tank7

                                                                                DISTANCE  TO  SURFACE:
               [CIRCLE ONE]:
                INCHES	01
                FEET	02
                OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	

                	  03

T41.   Does this tank have anv of the following  *inos
      of protection against corrosion7  [CIRCLE UNLY
      ONE CODE FOR EACH ITEM]
                                                                                Passive ca^hodic  protection
                                                                                .using  sacrificial  anodes'7
                                                                                Cathodic protection using
                                                                                impressed current7	
                                                                                Other [aPECIFi]:  	
T42.  Has this tank ever been found to De leaking7
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

           v£S [GO ON TO i43j	1
           NO [SKIP TO iitaj	2
           OON'T KNOW [SKIP TO r44J .  .  .  8
T43.
      How was the leak Detected and, or verified7
      [CIRCLE ALu InAT APPLY]
           ,'NVENTGKY RECONCILIATION .
           ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .
           FACILITY INSPECTION. .  . .
           TANK TESTING 	
           OT«ER [SPECIFY]: 	
                                                                                                          01
                                                                                                          02
                                                                                                          03
                                                                                                          04
                                                                                                                05
                                                               U4.  Have the lines  piping,  for this tank ever
                                                                     been ""ound to oe leaking7  [CIRCLE ONLY
                                                                     ONE CODE]
                                                                          YES. .
                                                                          NO ..
                                                                          DON'T
                                                                                                                            ,38-39
                                                                                                                            .40
                                                                                                                             41-..2
                                                                                                                            ,43-45
                                                                                                                            ,46-47
                                                                                                                            ,48-50
                                                                                                                             51-52
                                                                                                                       54
                                                                                                                       55
                                                                                                                             56-57
                                                                                                                             61-o2
                                                                                                                             63-64
                                                                                                                             fc5-b6
                                                                                                                            ,67-o8
                                                       ,36-37

                                                      F-66
-------
                                    B.  OPERATING PRACTICES
                                                                                                     ra
B1.   Do you (or another establishment employee) inventory the contents of your tank(s)  by
      measuring the depth of the contents with a dipstick?   [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO B2]	1
                                                                                                     /16
                                                NO  [SKIP TO B5]	2
B2.   How often do you inventory the tank contents?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                TWICE DAILY	01
                                                DAILY	02
                                                WEEKLY	03
                                                EVERY TWO WEEKS	04      /17-18
                                                MONTHLY	05

                                                OTHER [SPECIFY]:	  06
B3.   Do you have a chart (or charts) that show how to convert the depth of the product in
      the tank(s) to gallons?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2
B4.   Are the inventory (stick) readings recorded in a log or journal or other permanent
      record such as a daily inventory report?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1       /20
                                                NO	2
B5.   Do any of the underground motor fuel storage tanks at this establishment have remote
      gauges (either float or electronic) that show the quantity of product in the tank?  [CIRCLE
      ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO B6]	1
                                                NO [SKIP TO B8]	2


86.   How often do you (or another establishment employee) inventory the contents of your
      tank(s) by reading the remote gauge(s)?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                TWICE DAILY	01
                                                DAILY	02
                                                WEEKLY	03
                                                EVERY TWO WEEKS	04      /22-23
                                                MONTHLY	05
                                                OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  06


                                               F-67
-------
B7.   Are the inventory (gauge)  readings recorded in a log or journal or other permanent record
      such as a daily inventory  report?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2
88.   Do the product dispensers for your tank(a) have meters that record the total
      quantity of fuel that has been pumped from the tank(a)?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO 89]	1        .
                                                NO  [SKIP TO 816]	2


89.   Do you (or another establishment employee) check and record the dispenser meter
      readings for the tank(s)?

                                                YES [GO ON TO B10]	1
                                                NO  [SKIP TO 812]	2


810.  How often do you check and record the dispenser meter readings?  [CIRCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE]

                                                TWICE DAILY	01
                                                DAILY	02
                                                WEEKLY	03
                                                EVERY TWO WEEKS	04      /27-2S
                                                MONTHLY	05

                                                OTHER [SPECIFY]:	  06


811.  Are the dispenser meter readings recorded in a log or journal or other permanent
      record such as a daily inventory report?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2       /29
812.  Do you (or another establishment employee) check the accuracy of your dispenser meters
      to make sure the meters correctly measure the amount pumped?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]


                                                YES	1       /30
                                                NO	2
                                          F-68
-------
B13.  Does anyone other than you or another establishment employee (such as a state or
      county Weights and Measures official) check the accuracy of your dispenser meters?
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                YES
                                                NO
314.  How often is the accuracy of your dispenser meters checked?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           IF THE ACCURACY OF YOUR DISPENSER METERS IS NEVER CHECKED,  CHECK HERE
           AND SKIP TO B16.
B15.  About how often is it necessary to recalibrate (adjust the gauge of) your
      dispenser meters?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
B17.  Are inventory (stick or remote gauge)  readings of your tank(s) taken immediately before
      receiving a fuel delivery?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2
                                                F-69
732
                                                DAILY	01
                                                WEEKLY	02
                                                EVERY TWO WEEKS	03
                                                MONTHLY	04      733-34
                                                ANNUALLY	05

                                                OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	  06
                                                DAILY	01
                                                WEEKLY	02
                                                EVERY TWO WEEKS	03
                                                MONTHLY	04      735-36
                                                ANNUALLY	05
                                                OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	         06
B16.  Approximately how often do you receive deliveries to your tank(s)?

                                                FREQUENCY:  	                  737-39

                                                 [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                                 PER WEEK	01
                                                 PER MONTH	02      740-41

                                                 OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  03
-------
B18.  Are inventory (stick or remote gauge) readings of your tank(s) taken immediately after
      receiving a fuel delivery?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2
819.  la the quantity delivered to each tank recorded in a log or journal or other
      permanent record such as a daily inventory report?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2       /44


820.  Do you reconcile your inventory (stick or remote gauge) readings with your book inventory
      (meter readings and deliveries)?

                                                YES [GO ON TO 821]	1        ,
                                                NO [SKIP TO 822]	2


821.  How often do you reconcile your tank inventory (stick or remote gauge) readings with your
      book inventory (meter readings and deliveries)?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                DAILY	01
                                                WEEKLY	02
                                                EVERY TWO WEEKS	03
                                                MONTHLY	04      /46-47
                                                ANNUALLY	05
                                                OTHER [SPECIFY] 	  06


822.  Do you ever use water-finding paste to check the water level in the bottom of your tank(s)?
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO 823]	1
                                                NO [SKIP TO C1]	2


823.  How often do you use water-finding paste to check the water level in the bottom of
      your tank(s)?  [ENTER FREQUENCY AND CIRCLE UNIT CODE]

                                                FREQUENCY: 	          /49-51
                                                [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                                 PER DAY	01
                                                 PER WEEK	02
                                                 PER MONTH	03      /52-53
                                                 PER YEAR	04
                                                 OTHER [SPECIFY]:  	  05
                                          F-70
-------
                                     C.   OPERATING HISTORY
C1.   Have any tanks at  this establishment  ever been replaced?   [CIRCLE  ONLY  ONE  CODE]

                                                YES  [GO ON  TO C2]	1
                                                NO [SKIP TO C4]	2
                                                DON'T KNOW  [SKIP TO  C4]	8
C2.   How many tanks have been replaced?
                                                NUMBER REPLACED:
                                                                                              716
                                                                                              717-19
C3.
Please answer the following questions about  each tank that  has been replaced,  beginning
with the tank that was replaced  most  recently.   [SPACE HAS  BEEN PROVIDED FOR UP  TO  FOUR
TANKS.  IF MORE THAN FOUR TANKS  HAVE  BEEN REPLACED,  WRITE  THE  ANSWERS  FOR THE  ADDITIONAL
TANKS ON A PLAIN SHEET OF PAPER.]

C3a. In what year was the
(first/second/third)
tank replaced?


C3b. Why was the tank
replaced?
[CIRCLE ALL THAT
APPLY FOR EACH TANK]
a. Because it
was leaking?. . . .
b. Because other tanks
were being replaced
at that time? . . .
c. Because it was no
longer needed/in
use7 	
d. To increase storage


e . Or for some other
reason? [SPECIFY]: .




First Tank



(year)
720-23





01


02


03

04


05

(specify)
724-35

Second Tank



(year)
736-39





01


02


03

04


05

(specify)
740-51

Third Tank



(year)
752-55





01


02


03

04


05

(specify)
756-67

Fourth Tank



(year)
768-71





01


02


03

04
i

05
j
(specify)
772-83

                                                F-71
-------
C4.   Have any tanks at this establishment  ever been removed without  being replaced?  [CIRCLE
      ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                YES [GO ON TO C5]	1
                                                NO [SKIP TO C7]	2
                                                DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO C7]	8
                                                                                                    CM)
                                                                                              716
C5.   How many tanks have been removed without being replaced?

                                                NUMBER REMOVED:
                                                                                              /17-19
C6.
Please answer the following questions about each tank that has been removed without
being replaced.   [SPACE HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR UP TO FOUR TANKS.  IF MORE THAN FOUR
TANKS HAVE BEEN  REMOVED WITHOUT BEING REPLACED,  WRITE THE ANSWERS FOR THE ADDITIONAL
TANKS ON A PLAIN SHEET OF PAPER]

C6a. In what year was the
(first/second/third)
tank removed?

C6b. Why was the tank
removed?
[CIRCLE ALL THAT
APPLY FOR EACH TANK]
a. Because it
was leaking?. . . .
b. Because other tanks
were being removed
at that time? . . .
c. Because it was no
longer needed/in
use7 	
d. Or for some other
reason [SPECIFY]: .

First Tank


(year)
720-23



01

02

03

04
(specify)
724-33
Second Tank


(year)
734-37



01

02

03

04
(specify)
738-47
Third Tank


(year)
748-51



01

02

03

04
(specify)
752-61
Fourth Tank


(year)
762-65



01

02

03

04
(specify)
766-74
C7.   Have any tanks at this establishment been abandoned in place?  ("Abandoned in place" means
      that the tank is no longer in use but has not been removed.)  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO C8]	1
                                                NO [SKIP TO 01]	2
                                                DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO 01 ]	8
                                                                                                      071
                                                                                              716
                                           F-72
-------
C8.
How many tanks have been abandoned?
                                                NUMBER ABANDONED:
                                                                                              /17-19
C9.   Please answer the following questions about each tank that has been abandoned in place.
      [SPACE HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR UP TO FOUR TANKS.   IF MORE THAN FOUR TANKS HAVE BEEN
      ABANDONED IN PLACE,  WRITE THE ANSWERS FOR THE ADDITIONAL TANKS ON A PLAIN SHEET OF
      PAPER]

C9a. In what year was the
(first/second/third)
tank abandoned?


C9b. Why was the tank
abandoned?
[CIRCLE ALL THAT
APPLY FOR EACH TANK]
a. Because it
was leaking ....
b. Because it was no
longer needed/in

c. Or for some other
reason [SPECIFY]: .


C9c. How was the tank
abandoned?
[DESCRIBE PROCEDURE, OR
CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY]
a. Tank was drained. .
b. Tank was washed . .
c. Tank was cut open .
d. Tank was sand
filled 	
e. Tank was cement
filled 	
f. Other [SPECIFY]:




First Tank



(year)
720-23





01


02

03
(specify)
724-31




01
02
03

04

05


(specify)
732-43

Second Tank



(year)
744-47





01


02

03
(specify)
748-55




01
02
03

04

05


(specify)
756-67

Third Tank



(year)
768-71





01


02

03
(specify)
772-79




01
02
03

04

05


(specify)
780-91

Fourth Tank



(year)
792-95





01


02

03
(specify)
796-103




01
02
03

04

05


(specify)
7104-115

                                                F-73
-------
                                    D.  PERMITS AND LICENSES
                                                                                                     OH

01 .   Were you required to obtain a special building permit or license in order to have your
      tank(s) installed?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                NO ....................  2
                                                DON'T KNOW ................  8
D2.   Are you required to maintain a special permit or license to store flammable or hazardous
      material at your establishment?  (Often these permits are called Hazardous Use or Hazardous
      .Materials permits, and are issued by the state, county, or local fire marshal.)  [CIRCLE
      ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2
                                                DON'T KNOW	8
                                           F-74
-------
                                        E. INSTALLATION
E1.   What type of fill was used to backfill around and over the tank(s)?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                a. Clean sand (with no large rock)?. ...  01
                                                b. Pearock or pea gravel?	02
                                                c. Soil from the excavation?	03      /18-19

                                                d. Or some other kind of fill [SPECIFY]: .  04
E2.   (Is the tank/are any of the tanks) installed with the bottom resting on or in a concrete
      or packed earth pad?  [CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH ITEM]
                                                                                     Yes   No
                                                a. A concrete pad or cradle? ....  1     2       /20
                                                b. A packed earth pad?	1     2       /21


E3.   Are any of the tanks strapped to a concrete pad?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1       /22
                                                NO	2
                                                DON'T KNOW	8
E4.   What is the shortest distance between any of. your tanks and any neighboring underground
      tank or other solid underground structure (such as a basement wall, sewer, or utility
      vault)?  [ENTER DISTANCE AND CIRCLE UNIT CODE]

                                                SHORTEST DISTANCE FROM
                                                  UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE:  	          /23-28

                                                [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                                 INCHES	01
                                                 FEET	02      /29-30

                                                 OTHER [SPECIFY]:                           03
                                               F-75
-------
                                         F.   PROTECTION

                                                                                                    OH
F1.   Has any type of special equipment or materials been installed to prevent  external
      corrosion of the tank(s)?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [SPECIFY AND GO ON TO F2]:  	          /16

                                                  	  1
                                                NO  [SKIP TO F3]	2        /17-18
                                                DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO F3].  .	8
F2.   How often do you inspect your external  corrosion protection system?   [ENTER
      FREQUENCY AND CIRCLE UNIT CODE]
       IF YOU NEVER INSPECT THE EXTERNAL CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM,  CHECK HERE
       AND SKIP TO F3.
/19
                                                FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION:   	          /20-22

                                                [CIRCLE ONE]:
                                                 PER DAY	01
                                                 PER WEEK	02
                                                 PER MONTH	03       723-24
                                                 PER YEAR	04

                                                 OTHER [SPECIFY]:            	  05
F3.   Since you began using the tank(s), have you ever had the tank(s) completely drained and
      cleaned out?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
F4.   Does the tank system have a continuous electronic monitoring system to detect tank leakage?
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO F5]	1        .
                                                NO  [SKIP TO F6]	2
                                         F-76
-------
F5.   How often is the electronic monitoring system inspected for maintenance?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE
      CODE]
                                                a. Annually?	01
                                                b. Twice a year?	02
                                                c. Three or four times a year?	03      727-28
                                                d. Or at some other interval? [SPECIFY]:
                                                                                            04
F6.   Have pressure piping (or line) leak detectors been installed at this establishment to
      detect leaks in the piping (lines)?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES [GO ON TO F7]	1
                                                NO [SKIP TO G1]	2       729
                                                DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO G1]	8
F7.   How frequently are the pressure piping leak detectors tested to make sure they are operating
      correctly?
           IF THE PRESSURE PIPING LEAK DETECTORS ARE NEVER TESTED, CHECK HERE |	|
           AND SKIP TO QUESTION G1.
730
                                                FREQUENCY: 	          /31-33

                                                [CIRCLE ONE]:

                                                  PER DAY	01
                                                  PER WEEK	02
                                                  PER MONTH	03      /34-35
                                                  PER YEAR	04
                                                  OTHER [SPECIFY]: 	  05


F8.   Have the pressure piping leak detectors ever given false leak signals?  [CIRCLE ONLY
      ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2       736
                                                DON'T KNOW	8
F9.   Have the pressure piping leak detectors ever detected actual leaks in the piping system?
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]

                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2       737
                                                DON'T KNOW	8
                                                F-77
-------
                                     G.  INFORMATION NEEDS
G1.   Have any of the companies from whom you receive your fuel products asked you to keep inven-
      tory records (dipstick readings,  meter readings and delivery records) for your tank(s)?
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                YES.
                                                NO .
                                          716
G2.   Has anyone ever given you training or explanatory literature about any of the following
      topics?  [CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH ITEM.  IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED INFORMATION OR TRAINING,
      PLEASE INDICATE FROM WHOM]
                       Type of Training
        a.  Keeping inventory records.
        b.  Doing inventory reconciliation
            calculations	
        c.  Measuring the quantity of product
            in a tank using a dipstick and
            conversion chart	
        d.  Checking pump meter accuracy.
        e.  Line leak detection and testing.
        f.  Tank or line leak prevention.
        g.  Tank tightness testing methods.
        h.  Leak monitoring methods (such as
            observation wells)	
Did you
receive?
YES   NO

 1     2
 1     2
 1     2
 1     2
 1     2
If "Yes," from whom?
                            /17-19
                                          /20-22
                                          723-25
                            726-28
                            729-31
                            732-34
                            735-37
                                          738-40
                                          F-78
-------
G3.   If you found out that (your tank/one of your tanks) was leaking, would you probably:
      [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
           a.   Replace it with another tank	01
           b.   Line it and continue to use it	02      /41-42
           c.   Abandon it in place	03
           d.   Or something else [SPECIFY]:  	  04


G4.   How much do you expect it would cost you to:
                                                a.   Replace a tank?	$	  /43-4B
                                                b.   Line a tank?	$	  /49-S4
                                                c.   Abandon a tank in place? ....    $	  /55-60

G5.   Do you have an insurance policy that covers you against damage to people or property
      caused by sudden spills of motor fuel?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                *»	1       /
                                                NO	2       /61

G6.   Do you have an insurance policy that covers you against damage to people or property
      resulting from non-sudden spills (including leaks) of motor fuel?  [CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE]
                                                YES	1
                                                NO	2       '"
                                               F-79
-------
                 TANK  TO  DISPENSER METER FUEL uim  CONNECTIONS

                 Instructions:   Mark  (X)  in  each  block  for which  there
                 is  fuel  line  (pipe)  connection  from  the tank to  the
                 dispenser  meter.   (If  more  tanks than  spaces, use
                 additional sheets.)
Disp.
Meter
Number
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-5
M-7
M-3
M-9
M-l-
M-ll
M-l 2
M-13
M-14
M-15
M-l 6
M-17
M-i a
M-19
M-20
Tank Mumoer and Product
T-l





















7-2 1 T-3 1 7-4 ! T-5 | T-6 1 T-7 i T-3




























































1

i










i
i









!





i








j
i
!
i


i
1

















1







i













1
Does che facility have a  leak monitoring  system  (for tanks oc piping)  that  is  not
electronic (such as ocservation wells)?
            YES 	
            NO 	

            If YES, describe
                                     F-80
-------
                     Site Observations Recording Sheet
Site Code  Label
Date

Size of fill pipe
(I.D. )
Drop Tube
(permanent or
removable)
Tank 1


Tank 2


Tank 3


Tank 4


Tank 5


Tank 6


Site Code  Label
Date

Size of fill pipe
(I.D. )
Drop Tube
(permanent or
removable)
Tank 1


Tank 2


Tank 3


Tank 4


Tank 5


Tank 6


                                    F-81
-------
                                                                     OMB Ho.:  2070-0037

                                                                     Expires:  December 31, 1985
UNITED STATES  ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
                   UNDERGROUND STORAGE  TANK  SURVEY
            I
                                         I
  HAILING ADDRESS; Verified? ... |	|
LABEL VERIFICATION

          LOCATION ADDRESS:  Verified' ...
               (ESTABLISHMENT NAME)
                   (ADDRESS)
                                                             (ESTABLISHMENT NAME)
                                                                 (ADDRESS)
                 (CITY/STATE/ZIP)

  CONTACT NAME AND PHONE;  Verified? ... |~

  Contact Name: 	    	     	
                                                                (CITY/STATE/ZIP)
               Contact Phone:
 A.  Questionnaire Status;
 B.  Inventory Status (CIRCLE ONE)

    1 = Started
    2 = Not Started
    3 = Obtained
    4 - Refused
    5 = Other (SPECIFY) 	
 C.  Can Teat (CIRCLE ONE)

    1 = No Meters
    2 = Complete
    3 = Partial Complete
    4 * Refused
    5 = Other (SPECIFY)
          D.  Mapping (CIRCLE ONE)

             1 = Complete
             2 = Other (SPECIFY)
          E.  Debriefing (CIRCLE ONE)

             1 = Complete
             2 = Other (SPECIFY) 	
          F.  Confidentiality

             1  = Form Enclosed
             2  = Waived
             3  = Other (SPECIFY)
                                         Conducted by:
                            WESTAT
                            An Employee-Owned Research Corporation
                                               • MD POQfiO • 3CM251-1SOO
                                          F-83
-------
[IN YOUR TELEPHONE CALL TO SET UP THE APPOINTMENT,  ASK R IF HE/SHE HAS COMPLETED THE QUESTIONNAIRE FORM AND BEGUN THE
INVENTORY RECORDING.  IF NOT, ENCOURAGE THE R TO DO SO.]
INTRODUCTION!

1.  Hello, my name is (YOUR NAME), from West at.
    you about your underground storage tank(a).
    Midweat Research Inatitute.  (He/She) will be drawing a map of the tank area(a)  and taking aome pictures of the
    surface area(s) over the tank(a).
[SHOW IDENTIFICATION CARD].   I'm here to conduct  the interview with
The other member of my team is                                from
    [IF YOU HAVE ANY OBSERVERS ON THIS INTERVIEW,  INTRODUCE YOUR OBSERVERS.   OTHERWISE,  ASK IF THERE IS A PLACE  WHERE
    YOU AND THE RESPONDENT CAN SIT DOWN AND GO THROUGH THE QUESTIONNAIRE.  A SIDE-BY-SIDE SEATING ARRANGEMENT IS
    PREFERABLE, SINCE THIS ALLOWS YOU TO READ FROM THE RESPONDENT'S WORKING  COPY OF THE  QUESTIONNAIRE.   IF THE K DOES
    NOT HAVE HIS SURVEY MATERIALS IN SIGHT, SUGGEST THAT HE OBTAIN THEM — THAT THE INTERVIEW WILL BE MORE EFFICIENT,
    AND THAT YOU WILL HAVE TO RECORD CERTAIN INFORMATION ON HIS INVENTORY FORMS LATER ON.]


CONFIDENTIALITY!

2.  As was mentioned in the letter and in the General Instructions, you can  (claim/ask for) confidentiality for  all
    or part of your responses to the questionnaire.  The way you do this is  by filling out  the form that la in the
    General Instructions booklet.  Have you decided to claim confidentiality for any of  your answers7

                                       YES	 1 [OBTAIN COMPLETED CONFIDENTIALITY FORM FROM
                                                     RESPONDENT.  PUT ID STICKER ON TOP  OF  FORM.]
                                       NO	 2


[BEGIN INTERVIEW, READING QUESTIONS, ITEM-BY-ITEM.  READ THROUGH THE TANK DESCRIPTION SHEET ONLY FOR THE FIRST TANK.
FOR THE SECOND AND FOLLOWING TANKS, READ THE QUESTION NUMBERS AND/OR ABBREVIATED QUESTIONS.]
INVENTORY RECORDS:
3.  Next, we need to review your inventory records.  The General Instructions booklet discussed keeping inventory
    records for each of your tanks.  Have you started to keep these records yet7

                                       YES	 1  (GO TO 4)
                                       NO	 2  (GO TO 5)


4.  (IF YES):  That's great!  Here is a postage paid  envelope in which to send the completed inventories to Westat.
    A Westat interviewer will be calling you in a few weeks to check with you on any problems you might be having
    with the inventoriea.  While I am here,  I need to review your inventory sheets and initial them.  [IF NECESSARY,
    PROBE:  If I could take a look at them now, I would appreciate it.]  [IF THE TANK(S) DISPENSER(S) ARE METERED]:
    I will also need to record the results of my metering can tests of the dispenser meters on the inventory sheets
    for each tank.  (GO TO 8)
5.  (IF NO):  la there any reason why you have not started the inventories7

                                       YES	 1   SPECIFY:
                                       NO.
                                                                                                          (GO TO 6)
                                                   2  (GO TO 6)
6.  Will you be able to start the inventories today7
                                       YES	 1  (GO TO 7)
                                       NO	2  [PROBE FOR WHEN THEY WILL BEGIN:
                                                                                      ] (GO TO 7)
                                       REFUSED	7  (TERMINATE)
                                       IMPOSSIBLE. 9  [SPECIFY WHY:
                                                                                      ] (TERMINATE)
7.  Here la a postage paid envelope in which to aend the completed inventoriea to Westat.


8.  When we receive your inventory(ies) they will be computerized and run through a computer program that checks for
    gains and loaaes that can't be accounted for, auch as over- and under-deliveriea, theft or pilfering, or leakage.
    We will let you know the results of that computer analysis.
                                                               F-84
-------
DISPENSER METER ACCURACY CHECKS:
We have  found  in the past that a major problem  in analyzing  inventory records  is  that some dispenser meter  readings
are just  alightly  inaccurate.  Often these meter errors  show up  in the computer analysis as small  leaks.  For that
reason,  we  are checking out the accuracy of all dispenser meters, using a 5-gellon meter teating can.

Our accuracy checking procedure is  the same procedure  that  is  used by the agencies that certify meter  accuracy.  We
will not  be adjuating your meters if we find that they are misreading.  What we will do is record  the  amount of  pro-
duct pumped intgo  the can according to the dispenser meter,  and  record the amount in the metering  can  according  to
the gauge on the can.  I'll need to record this on your  inventory sheets as well  as my copy of the questionnaire.
The information will be fed into the computer program  to correct for metering  error in the results.

We will be  pumping five gallons of product into the test can from each dispenser  that has its own  meter.  We will
then be pouring the five gallona of product back into  the tank from which it was  pimped.  IF K HAS BEGUN  INVENTORY:
I will need to record the returned product as a "delivery" to the tank on your inventory sheet.  FOR THE  FIRST
MEASUREMENT:   First, I need to wet the inside of the can with  about a gallon of product, and pour  it back into its
tank.

MAKE SURE YOU  WILL BE ABLE TO RETURN THE PRODUCT TO THE  TANK BEFORE YOU BEGIN  PUMPING.  DO ALL THE METERS FOR A
TANK BEFORE MOVING ON TO THE NEXT PRODUCT TYPE.  AFTER ALL OF THE TANKS ARE DONE, WASH THE CAN OUT WITH DETERGENT
AND WATER,  AND DRY IT AS COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE.
DEBRIEFING:

To be completed immediately after leaving the site.

D1.  Did £ have the questionnaire completed?

                                       YES	 1
                                       NO	 2


D2.  Did j^ have the inventory sheets started?
                                       YES	 1 (GO  TO D3)
                                       NO	 2 (GO  TO 04)
D3. Did fl have errors or problems in the completed parts of the  inventory7
                                       YES	 1   (DESCRIBE;
                                       NO	 2
04.  Did £ understand inventory process?
                                       YES	 1
                                       NO	 2
D5.  Did J^ understand most/all of the question^ in the questionnaire7

                                       YES	 1
                                       NO	 2
06.  Was H:                                       YES   N0_

     a.  cooperative?	   1     2
     b.  hostile?	   1     2
     c.  guessing a lot?	   1     2
     d.  Other (SPECIFY) 	

                                                   1     2
07.  Was it necessary to talk to more than one R to obtain all required information?

                                       YES	 1
                                       NO	 2
D8.  Comments:
                                                               F-85
-------
                                                                     TIME BEGAN:

                                                                     TIME ENDED:
                                                    A.M.
                                                    P.M.
                                                    A.M.
                                                    P.M.
                                RECORD OF CALLS
ATTEMPT
NUMBER




















DAY




















TIME
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
em
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
em
pm
am
pm
em
pm
RESULT
CODE




















COMMENTS/PROBLEMS




















                                 RESULT  CODES
PRELIMINARY RESULT CODES

1  APPOINTMENT
2  RESPONDENT NOT AVAILABLE
3  RESPONDENT NOT LOCATED
4  RESPONDENT ILL
5  REFUSAL/BREAKOFF
6  RESPONDENT BROKE APPOINTMENT
7  LANGUAGE PROBLEM
8  OTHER
9  OUT-OF-SCOPE
FINAL - HAIL TO SUPERVISOR

11  COMPLETE
12  PARTIAL COMPLETE
13  ESTABLISHMENT CANNOT BE LOCATED
14  RESPONDENT UNAVAILABLE
15  REFUSAL/BREAKOFF
16  RESPONDENT AVOIDING INTERVIEW
17  LANGUAGE PROBLEM:   NO INTERPRETER
18  NO TANKS
19  OUT OF PSU (MOVED)
20  OUT OF BUSINESS (CLOSED)
99  OTHER (SPECIFY) 	
                                   F-86
-------
                    INSTRUCTIONS
                 PREPARATIONS FOR TANK TESTING

1.    If you are not responsible for making the following testing arrange-
     ments, please notify those who are  as soon as  possible.   Please notify
     other persons who may be involved,  including the tank owner and those
     at your firm's or regional offices.

2.    Immediately contact your fuel supplier or distributor to make
     arrangements for filling your tanks.   Explain  any tank filling
     problems to the test coordinator from Midwest  Research Institute (MRI)
     when he calls.

3.    Fill any business vehicles before the fuel drop  off.   As necessary,
     make arrangements for alternate sources of fuel  for those vehicles on
     the test day.

4.    Fuel delivery must be finished before 8:00 a.m.  of the test day.
     If the test crew has to wait for fuel drop off,  it means that  testing
     will not be finished until later that evening.
5.    Co^I«ts«2^r;aHJJ.::;<«»«Jli 3au& until the fuel  level  comes up into neck of
     the fill pipe.   Use your tank dipsticks to  determine when the tanks
     are "full":  the fuel depth,  as measured by  the  dipstick,  should equal
     the tank diameter.   (In many tanks,  you can see when the fuel reaches
     the fill pipe neck.  However,  for tanks with drop tubes,  you must use
     the 'dipstick to know when it is full . )  Testing cannot be done if the
     tanks are not completely full.

6.    Once filled, the tanks cannot be used until testing is complete.
     Make arrangements to keep the tanks out of  service.   Your business
     does not need to be closed during this time,  but the tanks must remain
     inactive.
                           FINAL CHECKLIST

           D   Notify responsible  individuals.
                D   Owner
                D   Main or regional  office
                D   others

           D   Contact supplier or  distributor

           D   Fill  business vehicles before  filling tanks

           D   Fill  tanks before 8:00 a.m. on test day

           D   Fill  tanks completely

           D   Arrange to keep  tanks  out  of service



                                  F-87
-------
                     ENVIRONMENTAL  CONDITIONS  DATA SHEET
Sit(
Dati
Tesl
Tesi


Time

2 Code Label
a
t Firm
t Team


Barometric
Pressure







Surface


Tar



Temperature
Ambient


k No.



°F
Subsurface







Comments

Climatic conditions.
                                        F-88
-------
                          TEMPERATURE PROFILE DATA
Site Code Label
Test Team        	       	   Date
Test Crew                                            Tank No.
START
TIME
END
TIME
                                  Figure  3
                                       F-89
-------
                   Site Diagram and Detail  Diagram Sheet
Site Code Label
Map
Test Firm
Tesl> Team	              Date
                         Sketch Area and Dimensions
                                    F-90
-------
                            PICTURE  DESCRIPTION



Site Code Label



Team 	         Date





Picture No.                              Description



     1





     2
     4






     5






     6






     7






     8






     9






    10






    11






    12






    13






    14






    15
                                     F-91
-------
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                  o

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-------
Site Code Label



Team                                              Date
                              EDIT CHECKLIST





          n    Site code label on all  pages.









          D    Be sure all  maps are numbered sequentially.









          n    Photographs  of critical parameters.









          c    Site code labels on photographs and filed in notebook.









          a    Check to see that all  data sheets are filled our correctly.
                                     F-93
-------
                             SIMULATED LEAK TEST
                                 VOLUME DATA
     Site Code Label

     Date
     Tank No.

     Test Team

     Test Firm
                                  Volume,  g
       Time
Bottle No.
Final  Wt.
Tare Wt.
Total Wt.
Spec-! fie Gravity.
Temperature:
                                       F-94
-------
                                 SIMULATED  LEAK  DATA  FORM
                             LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK


Site Code Label

Test Crew	  Date  	 Tank No. 	

Test Team	

             Rotameter                   Start     End      Elapsed    Measured
Rotameter     Setting     Nominal  Rate    Time      Time     Time       Volume     Calculated
   No.          mm            gph         Clock     Hour      gms        gph          Rate
                                             F-95
-------
ol SuM>lf« Own*, or D*tl*r
]B 15. TANK TO TEST
£J Identity by (xmlion
-1
^" B>»n4 IrxJ Gtt«J*
16. CAPACITY Fr?
By moil »ccuT*t* r i
Gllloni ClDoni I 1
11 ttwr« tfoubl ** to T(u> C«p*crtv ' j^| [~|
SM Section 'DETERMINING TANK CAPACITY" j ]
17. FILL-UP FOR TEST Stick Raadlnga
to H in
Stick Watar Bottom
baton FIB-up " tnvantnrv
to* In.
FW Up. STICK BEFORE AND AFTER EACH COMPA
Oaltona
RTMENT DROP OR EACH METEflED DELIVERY QUANTITY
Stitioo Ch.rt
Tink Minuficlurtr i Chirt
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STOUOHTON. MA. 02072-098*
(617) 344-1400
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• 18. SPECIAL CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES TO TEST THIS TANK VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM
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                                            F-96
-------
Data Chart for Tank System Tightness Test
               petro Tite
PLEASE PRINT
1. OWNER Property [J
Tank(s) Q]
2. OPERATOR
3. REASON FOR
TEST
(Explain Fully)
4. WHO REQUESTED
TEST AND WHEN
5. WHO IS PAYING
FOR THIS TEST?
6. TANK(S) INVOLVED
7. INSTALLATION
DATA
8. UNDERGROUND
WATER
9. FILL-UP
ARRANGEMENTS
10. CONTRACTOR.
MECHANICS.
any other contractor
involved
11. OTHER
INFORMATION
OR REMARKS
12. TEST RESULTS



13. CERTIFICATION
Date
Serial No of Thermal
Sensor
TANK TESTER

Name Address Representative Telephone
Name Address Representative Telephone

Name Address
Telephone




Name Title Company or Affiliation Date
Address
Telephone


Billing Address City
Title Telephone
State Zip
Attention of Order No Other Instructions
Identify by Direction Capacity Brand/Supplier Grade



Location Cover Fills Vents
North inside driveway, Concteie, Black Top, Size, Titefill make. Drop

Depth tn thp WatPf tahlp "

Tank* to h« fillpH hr Dat« Arranged hy
Approx. Age Steel/Fiberglass



Siphones Pumps
Suction, Remote,
Which tanks7 Make it known
Is the water over the tank ?
D ^s D No

Name Telephone
Extra product to "top off" and run TSTT. How and who to provide ? Consider NO Lead.
Terminal or other contact
for notice or inquiry

Company Name Telephone







Additional information on any items above. Officials or others to be advised when testing is in progress or completed. Visitors or observers present
during test etc
Tests were made on the above tank systems in accordance with test procedures prescribe!
as detailed on attached test charts with results as follows:
Tank Identification Tight Leakage Indicated





i for petro Tit**
Date Tested





This is to certify that these tank systems were tested on the date{s) shown. Those indicated as "Tight" meet the criteria established by
the National Fire Protection Asoclatlon Pamphlet 329.
Testing Contractor or Company. By Signature
Technicians _ _ Address
-------
r-tfoublo[tyyChocM—\
1 COMPANYM^VlNCORPORATEO [
46I4 MOSKCT KANSAS CITY. Ma 64 1 30
PHOMC (0I6) 931-5032
11 IDENTIFY
EACH LINE
AS TESTED
































	 -


LIQUID VOLUMETRIC LINE LEAK TEST
1 LOCATION 	 	 	 — 	
DATE OF TEST
JOB #

2 OWNER 	 , 	 	
3 OPERATOR 	 	 —
DS""°n' T«l*phon« No
4 REASON FOR TEST 	


g TFST neoi,iF$TFn RY
• SPEC

"•'"• """"" UIJ«' N« Billing Addr.,i ' ' 	
At INSTBIJCTIONS
ANir.(S| NAMF
B IS A K-M TANK TEST TO BE | 	 | YES » MAKE AND TV
MADE WITH THIS LINE TEST? i — i PUMP OR DIS
|_J NO
12 TIME
(MILITARY)




































13 LOG OF TEST PROCEDURES,
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE.
WEATHER, ETC




































14 PRESSURE





































ORkPi




































PE OF
•ENSFRS
COVER APPROXIMATE
IB VOLUME
BURETTE




































READING




































NET
CHANGE




































16 TEST RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS. REPAIRS AND COMMENTS


©Copyright
1976 Kent-Moore Corporation
F-98
-------
11 IDENTIFY
EACH LINE
AS TESTED





















12 TIME
(MILITARY)






















WEATHER, ETC





















14 PRESSURE
BEFORE





















AFTER





















IB VOLUME
BURETTE
BEFORE





















READING
AFTER






















NET
CHANGE





















18 TEST RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS REPAIRS AND COMMENTS






































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































^


















































































































N











































































































































































































































































5^?\ Kent-Moore
yJJ TOOL DIVISION



















-































-




































-




































-



















































































































































































































































































































































—




































"
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































))























































































































































1501 SOUTH JACKSON STREET • JACKSON. MICHIGAN 49Z03
T»»fOOO« 517/784-8561
Fofm No U76-145 (J-2S515-88)
                                                                  F-99
                                                                                                                              Litho in U.S A
-------
                          APPENDIX G

             NATIONAL UNDERGROUND  STORAGE  TANK  SURVEY
                     NATIONAL SAMPLE  OF  FARMS
I.   INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

     The survey of underground motor fuel storage tanks is
designed to provide national estimates of the number of
underground motor fuel storage tanks at the end use point and the
number and percent of these tanks which leak.  The survey design
defined three segments of the overall target universe of
establishments with underground motor fuel storage tanks:
     o    Fuel establishments (gas stations and establishments in
          other fuel-related or fuel-using industries) which by
          the nature of their business are likely to have such
          tanks;
     o    Large establishments (20 or more employees) which by
          virtue of their size may have an underground motor fuel
          storage tank; and
     o    Farms, of which over half have motor fuel storage
          capacity, but an unknown proportion store motor fuel
          underground.

     The sample design for the survey is a two-stage cluster
design.  The first stage is survey locations, called Primary
Sampling Units (PSUs) and consisting of counties or groups of
counties.  The contiguous United States was divided into six
survey regions, based on rough similarity of soil type and
condition, as defined in Figure G-l.  Thirty-four PSUs were
drawn, six from each region, except four PSUs were drawn from
Region 5.
                              G-l
-------
Figure G-l.
Six regions for National Survey of Underground
 Storage Tanks
  1  —  Northeast

       Maine
       New Hampshire
       Vermont
       Connecticut
       Massachusetts
       Rhode  Island
       New York
       New Jersey
       Pensylvania
       Maryland
       Delaware
       Virginia
       West Virginia
       Washington, D. C,

  2  —  Southeast

       Kentucky
       Tennessee
       Arkansas
       Louisiana
       Mississippi
       Alabama
       Georgia
       North  Carolina
       South  Carolina
       Florida
                   3 -- Midwest

                        Wisconsin
                        Minnesota
                        Iowa
                        Missouri
                        Illinois
                        Indiana
                        Ohio
                        Michigan

                   4 — Central

                        North Dakota
                        South Dakota
                        Nebraska
                        Kansas
                        Oklahoma
                        Texas

                   5 -- Mountain

                        Montana
                        Wyoming
                        Idaho
                        Nevada
                        Utah
                        Colorado
                        Arizona
                        New Mexico

                   6 -- Pacific

                        Washington
                        Oregon
                        California
                                G-2
-------
     Among the three survey segments, fuel establishments and
large establishments are both concentrated in the same areas,
where the population is.  Drawing a sample of PSUs which is
optimal for both of these segments is therefore no problem,
because they occur together.  Farms, however, tend to be found in
the opposite places, those with sparse population.  So optimizing
the design for farms is in direct opposition to optimizing the
design for fuel establishments and large establishments.  Since
the fuel establishments are the major focus of the survey,
accounting for about 800 of the approximately 920 expected
establishments with underground motor fuel storage tanks, the
sample of PSUs was optimized for fuel establishments by being
drawn in proportion to the number of fuel establishments in each
PSU.  As noted above, the resulting sample of PSUs is not optimal
for studying farms.

     The second stage of sampling is the sample of establishments
within the selected PSUs.  Three sample frames (master lists)
were developed for the 34 sampled PSUs — one for fuel
establishments, one for large establishments, and one for farms.
Samples were drawn from each list:

     o    1618 fuel establishments;
     o    600 large establishments; and
     o    600 farms.

These establishments were contacted to determine whether they
were eligible for our survey; that is, whether they had
                              G-3
-------
underground motor fuel storage tanks.  The eligibility rates were
(approximately):

     o    50 percent for fuel establishments;
     o    15 percent for large establishment; and
     o    Less than 5 percent for farms.

     This appendix discusses the national farm sample of 600
farms to be screened.  Subsection II discusses the target
universe of farms and describes the farm sampling frame on a
national basis.  The 1982 Census of Agriculture conducted by the
Census Bureau is taken as the standard count of farms, and a list
developed by the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service (ASCS) of the U.S.  Department of Agriculture  (USDA)  is
the sample frame used.  For the nation, overall, this frame
offers good coverage of the farm universe.  Subsection III
reviews the survey design with reference to the farm sample and
compares Census figures with ASCS figures for the selected PSUs.
In this subsection, it is seen that the coverage of farms by the
frame is weak in some parts of the country.  Section IV concludes
the appendix with a discussion of the ratio-adjustment weighting
method proposed to minimize total sampling error in the farm
estimates.
II.  TARGET UNIVERSE OF FARMS AND SAMPLING FRAME
     A.   Two Farm Data Sources

     Two sources of information on farms were used in designing
and conducting this survey.  One is the 1982 Census of
Agriculture (the most recent) conducted by the Bureau of the
                              G-4
-------
Census.  This source is used as the most reliable source of
national statistics about farms.  The second is the "1983
Deficiency Master File" developed by the Agricultural
Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA),  which is used as the list, or
sampling frame, for farms.

     The Census of Agriculture is a data collection and
tabulation effort which is as inclusive as possible.  The 1982
Census lists 2,240,976 farms in the U.S.   A farm is defined by
Census as "any place from which $1000 or more of agricultural
products were sold or normally would have been sold during the
Census year."  Tables provide breakdowns of these farms by size
of farm, value of sales, type of crop, etc., both nationally, by
state and by county.  Some of these figures are reviewed later in
this section.

     What the Census of Agriculture does not provide is a list of
farms or farm operators in specific places.  Thus, for an actual
sampling frame we used the USDA/ASCS 1983 Deficiency File.  This
is a list of farms developed by the USDA containing about
1,942,000 listings  (87 percent as many as the Census total).  The
original impetus for the development of the file was to provide a
mechanism for payment distribution for the PIK (Payment-in-Kind)
program for 1983.  In 1983,  the PIK program was so popular that
USDA believes that almost everyone engaged in growing PIK program
crops (which include various cash grains and upland cotton)
applied for it, and hence is listed on the Deficiency File.
Because they saw a chance to have a near-Census of farms on a
data file, USDA made a special effort to also include listings of
farms not eligible for the PIK program.  The basic data were
gathered by the ASCS county agents.
                               G-5
-------
     The official USDA/ASCS statistics indicate that of 2,018,000
farms known to the ASCS, 1,942,000 (or 96 percent)  are listed on
the Deficiency File.  The ASCS definition of a farm is all of the
land farmed under one operation.

     Only about 57 percent of the farms listed on the Deficiency
File (1,116,000 farms)  are farms that are eligible for the PIK
program.  The remaining 43 percent of farms on the list are not
eligible for the PIK program.  Some portion of the ineligible
farms are ineligible because they were not growing PIK program
crops,  others because they did not choose to apply for the PIK
program.  Because of the 96 percent coverage of farms known to
them, ASCS believes the Deficiency File is a very complete list
of farms in the U.S.

     In exploring the universe of farms and comparing the two
data sources, we take the 1982 Census of Agriculture as the
primary source of information on the nation's farms.  Although
the ASCS total is less than the Census total, it is probable that
the ASCS list is not simply a subset of the farms counted by the
Census, but a partially overlapping list.  This is due to the
fact that the two lists are constructed by different
organizations for different purposes, are based on different
information, and have different definitions as for including and
counting specific cases.  However, we can get a summary of the
nation's farms from the Census and a rough idea of the ASCS
coverage of those farms.
     B.   Summary of the Target Universe Based on the 1982 Census
          of Agriculture

     The figures presented here are taken from Vol. 1, Part 51,
U.S. Summary and State Totals of the 1982 Census of Agriculture.
                               G-6
-------
The first table lists total numbers of farms by size and sales
categories.

     It seems likely that farms with small acreage or low sales
volume would be less likely to have underground motor fuel
storage tanks and would also be less likely to be included on the
ASCS file than large farms.  Table G-l indicates that a number of
farms are quite small, with 8 percent of farms reported having
one to nine total acres.  Also, many farms have quite low sales
figures.  Nearly one-quarter of farms reported on had less than
$2,500 in sales in 1982.

     The Census also gives figures for storage of various fuels
(although unfortunately for our survey, no question was asked as
to whether the storage was underground).  Table G-2 summarizes
the storage capacity data for 1982.

     This indicates that roughly half of all farms reported
gasoline or gasohol storage, and about 40 percent reported diesel
storage.  The overlap of the two groups is not given but is
presumably fairly high.  However,  the number of farms with
substantial storage capacity is much less — 2 percent reported
2,000 gallons or more diesel storage capacity, and 1 percent
reported that much gas storage capacity.  Taking 1,000 gallons or
more as a cutoff,  7 percent of farms reported this much gasoline
storage capacity and 8 percent reported this much diesel storage
capacity.

     In conclusion, based on the 1982 Census of Agriculture,
there were about 2.2 million farms, of which 8 percent were
smaller than 10 acres, one-quarter had less than $2,500 in sales
for the year, and perhaps 10 percent have 1,000 gallons or more
fuel storage capacity.  This last assumes a substantial overlap
between storers of gasoline and diesel fuel.  If there is little
                               G-7
-------
 Table G-i,
Farms by acreage and sales
(1982 Census of Agriculture)
  Total U.S.  Farms
                                          2,240,976
By acreage

1-9

10 or more

   10 - 49
   50 - 499
   500 - 1,999
   2,000 or more
                                            187,665

                                          2,053,311
                                  449,252
                                1,238,162
                                  301,320
                                   64,577
By sales

Less than $2,500

$2,500 or more

   $2,500 - $9,999
   $10,000 or more

      $10,000 - $99,999
      $100,000 - $499,999
      $500,000 or more
                        840,583
                        274,580
                         27,800
                                            536,327

                                          1,702,973
                                  560,010
                                1,142,963
(1,676 abnormal farms not reported by sales - institutional,
research and experimental farms,  and Indian reservations.)
                              G-8
-------
 Table G-2.  Fuel storage capacity,  1982*
             (1982 Census of Agriculture)
Farms reporting fuel expenses
Storage capacity reported, farms
1,000's gallons
Farms with storage capacity of:
1 - 499 gallons
500 - 999 gallons
1,000 - 1,999 gallons
2,000 or more gallons
Storage capacity reported as
"no", farms
Storage capacity not reported, farms
Gasoline
and Gasohol
1,123,463
583,853

616,650
352,925
136,455
17,433
451,895
422,083
Diesel
fuel
924,863
648,605

471,646
262,902
140,896
49,419
150,210
245,380
*Includes above-ground tanks and containers,  as well as under-
 ground tanks.
                              G-9
-------
overlap, as many as 15 percent of farms may have 1,000 gallons or
more motor fuel storage capacity.
     C.   Comparison of Census and Sample Frame

     The sampling frame, the ASCS 1983 Deficiency File, is
primarily a data base of farms rather than a source of
statistics.  Hence, we do not have extensive national or state
statistics on this file.  Nationally, we can compare the number
of farms from Census (2,240,976)  and the ASCS file (1,942,437),
showing that the sample frame file has 87 percent as many farms
as the Census.  (Note that these are not necessarily completely a
subset of the Census farms, as mentioned above.)

     We also can compare total cropland acreage between the two
data sources.  The Census shows 445,362,028 acres of total
cropland on 2,010,609 farms with cropland, while ASCS shows
443,850,049 acres of total cropland on its 1,942,437 farms.  The
ASCS definition of cropland is "tillable soil" — the land does
not have to have been planted, only to be suitable for planting.
The Census definition includes three categories:

     o    Harvested cropland;
     o    Cropland use only for pasture or grazing; and
     o    Other cropland.

The two definitions appear to be quite similar.

     The sample frame thus covers 99.7 percent of the total
cropland reported in the Census and has 96.6 percent as many
farms as those reporting cropland in the Census.  It appears that
farms with no cropland is an area of sparse coverage for the ASCS
                              G-10
-------
list.  The major categories of land in farms not included in
total cropland are:

     o    Pasture and rangeland other than cropland and woodland
          pastured (418,264,264 acres);
     o    Woodland (87,088,255 acres); and
     o    Land in house lots, ponds, roads, etc. (36,082,032
          acres).

So farms with pasture, rangeland or woodland and no cropland are
more likely to be in the Census but not the ASCS list.  However,
in the Census 90 percent of farms listed had cropland, so farms
with none are relatively rare.

     Other types of farms which may tend to under-represented by
the ASCS list (based on discussions with Tom Meyer of ASCS) would
be growers of fruits and vegetables.  Most farms grow more than
one crop, and so many fruit or vegetable farms may also have a
PIK-eligible crop or may be listed as an ineligible farm on the
ASCS file.  According to Census data, 69,109 (3.1%) of farms
reported vegetables harvested for sale and 123,663 (5.5%)
reported land in orchards.  On a national basis, these farms do
not represent a major portion of the target universe, although on
a regional basis their proportion varies.  These figures are
presented as a way of assessing the potential for undercoverage,
but we have no direct way of determining the ASCS coverage of
these types of farms.
III.  SAMPLE DESIGN FOR UST SURVEY. FARM SEGMENT

     In this subsection we again review the survey sample design,
emphasizing the aspects relevant to the farm sample.  The design
was a two-stage cluster design.  The contiguous U.S. was divided
                             G-ll
-------
into six survey regions,  as presented in Figure G-l shown
earlier.  The first stage of the sample was survey locations,
known as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs).  These PSUs consisted of
counties or groups of counties and were chosen by region with
probability proportional  to number of fuel establishments.  The
second stage was the within-PSU selection of farms.  Farms were
selected from a sampling  frame based on the ASCS list for the
selected counties with within-PSU probabilities determined so
that the overall probabilities of selection would be equal for
all farms.  We give more  details in the following sections.
     A.   First Stage Sample of Survey Sites (PSUs)

     The first stage in the two-stage sample design was of PSUs,
which were counties or groups of counties.  Within each region,
six PSUs (four in the Mountain Region) were selected with
probability proportional to their number of gas stations and
fuel-related establishments.  As discussed in Subsection I, this
is the optimal design for studying fuel establishments — the
main focus of the survey.

     Table G-3 shows some statistics on number of farms, by
region, based on the 1982 Census of Agriculture.  The first two
columns give the total farms in each region and the corresponding
expected sample size, by region, for an equal probability sample
of 600 farms to be screened for underground motor fuel storage
tanks.  Regions 1, 5 and 6 have expected sample sizes of less
than 100, with Regions 5 and 6 less than 50.  Next, in column 3,
we have used the inverse of the PSU probability of selection as a
PSU weight and weighted the 1982 Census of Agriculture farm
counts for the selected PSUs up to the regional level.  By
comparing these figures with column 1, we see that our sample of
PSUs has considerable variance from the actual totals.  As
                             G-12
-------
 Table G-3.  Farm summary based on 1982 Census  of  Agriculture,
             all farms
Region -1-
1 -Northeast
2-South
3-Midwest
4-Central
5-Mountain
6-Pacific
Continental
U.S. Total
Agriculture
Census count
222,099
548,926
725,699
464,680
121,777
152,630

2,235,811
Expected
farm sample2
60
147
195
125
33
41

601
Weighted count,
sampled PSU's
123,714
283,226
908,358
494,029
147,071
104,164

2,060,562
Expected
farm sample2
36
82
264
144
43
30

599
•'•Regions are defined in Figure G-l-

2These farms are to be screened for the presence of underground motor
 fuel storage tanks.
                                   G-13
-------
mentioned in Subsection II, this is due to the PSU sample
selection being based on the number of fuel establishments, a
measure inversely correlated with the number of farms.

     Finally, column 4 gives the expected sample size based on
the 1982 Agriculture Census counts for our PSUs.  Regions 5 and 6
are still very low, and Regions 1 and 2 have a lower sample size
than expected from the regional totals.
     B.   ASCS List for Selected PSUs

     The actual sample was drawn from a sample frame based on the
ASCS 1983 Deficiency File.  This file was described in Subsection
II above on a national basis.  Here, we compare the ASCS file
counts to the Census counts for our sampled PSUs and present some
relevant Census figures on a regional basis.  The actual sample
frame used was a modification of the ASCS file, which we describe
below, leading to the final sample sizes.

     In Table G-4, the Census of Agriculture counts are compared
with the ASCS file counts for the sampled PSUs on a region-by-
region basis.  The third column shows the percent coverage the
ASCS file had.  For the 76 counties in our 34 PSUs as a group,
the ASCS file had 70 percent as many listings as there were farms
counted in the Census of Agriculture.  On a region-by-region
basis there is quite a bit of variation in this coverage.  The
ASCS list has good to excellent coverage of Regions 2 through 4,
which together contain 70 percent of all farms according to the
Census; and fair to poor coverage of the rest of the country.
For Region 3, the Midwestern region, ASCS actually has more
listings — 118 percent as many as the Census.  For Region 2
(South) and 4 (Central), the ASCS had fairly good coverage — 90
percent and 79 percent as many listings, respectively, as the
                             G-14
-------
Table G-4.   Raw  farm count based on sampled PSUs  (1982 Census
             of Agriculture and 1982 ASCS Defiency File)



Region 1
1 -Northeast
2-South
3-Midwest
4-Central
5-Mountain
6-Pacific
Continental
U.S. Total
Raw counts, sampled PSD1 s
1982
Agriculture
Census
3,743
6,619
13,367
11,025
4,472
10,851

50,077
1983 ASCS
Deficiency
File
1,573
5,969
15,787
8,706
2,305
504

34,844

Percent
Coverage
ASCS File
42%
90%
118X
79%
52%
5%

70%
1-Regions are defined in Figure G-
                               G-15
-------
Census.  For Regions 5 (Mountain)  and 1 (Northeast),  the coverage
was only about half — 52 and 42 percent as many listings,
respectively, in ASCS as the Census count.   Finally,  for Region 6
(Pacific),  the coverage was very low — the ASCS list had only 5
percent as many listings as the Census for this region.

     Several attempts to understand these discrepancies have met
with limited success.  The two data sources rely on different
bases to get their lists of farms and farm operators, employ
different (and to a great extent not thoroughly documented)
definitions of "a farm" and have different basic philosophies of
the importance of complete coverage.  We were able to determine
that our ASCS list is a list with one record per farm, as defined
by the County Agent, so that the comparison in Table G-4 is the
relevant one.

     We expected that vegetable, fruit or livestock farms would
be at greater risk of under-representation on the ASCS list, so
Table G-5 presents the counts of these types of farms by region,
with the percent of all farms in the region, based on the 1982
Census.  A farm may, of course, have crops in more than one
category.  For example, a cattle ranch with pastureland would
likely also grow feed grain and be eligible for the PIK program.
Farms with land in vegetables or orchards might also have PIK-
eligible crops, or be on the ASCS File as ineligible.  The most
striking statistic in Table G-5 is that, while nationally 5.4
percent of farms have land in orchards, in Region 6  (Pacific),
33.7 percent of farms have land in orchards.  It seems quite
probable that this is a contributing factor to the severe
discrepancy between the ASCS frame and the Census in that region.
Region 1 (Northeast) has a higher rage of farms with vegetables
(7% versus 3.1%) than the national average but scarcely enough to
account for listing less than half of all farms in that region.
                              G-16
-------
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-------
     The basic pattern in Table G-4 is good coverage to over-
coverage in those parts of the country which contain the majority
of all farms (Regions 2, 3, and 4 contain 1,739,305 farms, or 78
percent of the total, see Table G-3),  and fair to poor coverage
in the remainder of the country.  This underlying distribution of
farms, combined with the pattern of over- and under-coverage and
the PSU selection probabilities, results in a fairly decent
national estimate of number of farms based on weighted ASCS data,
even though the regional estimates are poor.  These weighted
figures are shown in Table G-6, along with the expected sample
size based on weighed ASCS file counts.  Regions 1, 5, and 6
continue to lose sample cases due to list undercoverage of those
regions.
     D.   Sampling Frame and Actual Farm Sample

     In order to use the ASCS list as a sampling frame, two
modifications were made.  First, the list of farms was collapsed
into a list of farmers by aggregating records with the same name
and address.  We would thus be able to increase the number of
farms sampled without increasing the costs by sampling 600
operators and interviewing them regarding "any farm land you own
or operate" in the specific counties they were sampled for.  For
those few who reported underground storage tanks, we then
determined which distinct farms have such tanks and how many.
The second frame modification was due to the use of a purchased
list for the large establishment segment of the overall survey.
Any large establishments with agricultural SICs were removed from
the large establishment frame and matched against the ASCS list.
If they did not already appear on it, they were added to the
frame.
                              G-18
-------
Table G-6.   Weighted farm counts from ASCS  1983  File,  expected and
            actual sample sizes
Region *
1-Northeast
2-South
3-Midwest
4-Central
5-Mountain
6-Paciflc
Continental
U.S. Total
Weighted counts, sampled PSU's
1982
Agriculture
Census
123, 714
283,226
908,358
494,029
147,071
104,164
2,060,562
1983 ASCS
Deficiency
File
52,376
301,055
1,105,519
512,376
132,621
5,652
2,109,599
Farm sample
size expected
from ASCS file2
15
86
314
146
38
2
601
iRegions are defined in Figure G-l

2The'.e farms are to be screened for the presence of underground motor
 fuel storage tanks.
                              G-19
-------
     From the final frame of farm operators thus established, a
sample of 600 cases was drawn with within-PSU probabilities set
so that the entire sample had equal probability.  Table G-7
reviews the results of farm operators by region, column 1 shows
the distribution of farm operators by region, column 2 gives the
number of distinct farms this represents, and column 3 shows the
farm estimate based on the unadjusted sample weights.  Comparing
these estimates back to the Census totals in Table G-3, we see
that there is quite a bit of region to region variation, although
the grand total is fairly close.  This indicates that a ratio
adjustment would improve the sampling error of estimation for
this survey, which we describe in the next subsection.
IV.  STATISTICAL ADJUSTMENT OF WEIGHTS TO MINIMIZE SAMPLING
     VARIANCE

     In the previous subsection, it became apparent that the
actual sample of farms based on the ASCS list does not accurately
reflect the regional distribution of farms as measured by the
1982 Census of Agriculture.  Further, in subsection II we found
that the underground tank survey regions are very unequal in
numbers of farms.  In order that our final estimates of number
and proportion of farms with underground tanks reflect regional
variation and totals more closely, we propose a system of
adjustments to the sample weights by region.  Since some of the
six survey regions have such small sample sizes, we also propose,
for farm estimates only, consolidating the survey regions into
three areas which have about the same number of farms and which
will have over 100 sample cases each.  The proposed consolidation
is given in Table G-8, which shows the three consolidated
regions, their Census totals, the unadjusted sample estimates,
and the approximate adjustment factor to apply to the sample
weights so that our final sample estimates (of numbers of farms)
                              G-20
-------
Table G-7.  Results of farm sample draw

Region1
1-Northeast
2-South
3-Midwest
4-Central
5-Mountaln
6-Pacific
Continental
U.S. Total
Number of
farmers (operators)
sampled2
11
88
324
142
33
2

600
Number of
farms
operated
17
94
354
159
33
2

659
Weighted
number of farms
using sample weight
53,395
295,242
1,111,868
499,398
103,649
6,282

2,069,834
Regions are defined in Figure G-l.

2These farms are to be screened for the presence of underground motor
 fuel storage tanks.
                              G-21
-------










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G-22
-------
will equal the Census totals.  The actual adjustment was made
after the field work had been completed, so that the final number
of actual farms contacted was used.  After this adjustment, the
ratio of largest to smallest weight was about 3.4 to 1, not an
excessive gap.

     In assessing the quality of the final estimates for farms,
for these three consolidated regions and nationally, we have
computed sample variances based on the final weights.  There is a
qualitative aspect to the accuracy as well, in which we
acknowledge that coverage of the far West Coast especially is
fairly low, and the estimates for the Western consolidated region
may contain some bias if these three states are strongly
different in terms of underground motor fuel storage from the
rest of the west.  However, since the West Coast accounts for
only 20 percent of farms in Survey Regions 4, 5 and 6, it would
have to be extremely different for the survey estimates of this
consolidated region to be significantly affected.
                             G-23
-------
                              APPENDIX H

                     ENVIRONMENTAL DATA COVERAGE


I.  INTRODUCTION


     Environmental data coverage by  existing data bases and literature

was explored for  geographic  locations of  the  OTS Leaking Underground

Storage Tank survey. '2'3  Data  sources were  located and subsequently

reviewed for their usefulness.  From the pertinent literature and data

sources found,  environmental data sets were  derived for survey areas

and organized within an automated data base.   Parameter  choices  were

directed toward   use  in  leak analyses and  fuel migration  modeling

studies.   The data  sets were compiled  into a Basic  Site Information

File  containing  locators,  descriptors,  and cross-reference  keys

pointing to additional  soil,  climate, and  groundwater information for

the sites  in the  survey.   Fuel component  chemical  and  physical  data

were also compiled and tabulated.
      "Literature  Searching  for Leaking Underground Storage Tank
       Project," General Software Corporation, 1985.
     2
      "Environmental Scenario Assemblage for Leaking Underground
       Storage Tanks," General  Software Corporation, 1985.

      "Environmental  Scenarios Supporting Movement of Complex Mixtures
       to Groundwater," General Software Corporation, 1986

      "Chemical-Physical Parameters  and  Processes  Effecting  Petroleum
       Fuel Migration", General Software Corporation, 1985.
                                 H-l
-------
II.  DATA SOURCE AVAILABILITY AND COVERAGE






     In the  search  for soil,   climate,  and groundwater  information,




only major readily accessible sources were considered.   These  sources




include,   among  others,  the County  Soil  Surveys   of  the  Soil




Conservation Service,  USGS publications, and  the  NAWDEX data base.   A




summary  of the sources located and  descriptions of the information




which they contain are presented in Table  H-l.






     The County Soil Surveys  of the Soil Conservation Service  provide




the  most  complete  and  comprehensive   information  on  soil




classification.   The survey status  of the  original  76 counties in  the




LUST survey  is  provided  in Table H-2.  The SCS  Soils-5  computerized




data base  contains most of the information covered  in  the published




surveys.   There were 914  site  locations recorded,  and  of these,  over




450 were covered by modern soil surveys, but  approximately 150 of  the




latter were designated as urban land  or  mixed land  complexes and were



not fully  described.






     USGS  publications and  the NAWDEX Groundwater Site Inventory




provide  variable  coverage for groundwater  and  subsurface geologic




information.   For  areas  not covered,  regional  ranges  were  recorded




from "Ground-water regions of the United States" by R.C.  Heath  or  from




the ENVIRLOC  database  as cited in Table  H-l.   These ranges must  be




used  with caution,   however,  since  they  are  broad  geographic




approximations only.
                                 H-2
-------
     To obtain up to date,   reliable climatic information, parameters



were  requested  directly from  the  National Oceanic  and Atmospheric



Administration  (NOAA).   Currently,  NOAA  is  compiling parameter



summaries  from  approximately 3000 U.S.  Weather  stations  from their



databases for the Exposure  Evaluation Division of OTS.  Publications



summarizing portions of this data  include  the  Climatic Atlas of the



United States and the Statistical Abstract of the United States.  Soil



Surveys frequently contain brief climate summaries as  well.






III. BASIC SITE  INFORMATION FILE






     The Basic Site  Information File  was designed in support of the



Leaking Underground  Storage  Tank survey  from the  work performed in a



preliminary study  described in the  Task 8 report  of  EPA  Contract



68-02-3970.   Data, data ranges, and cross  reference  keys  covering a



variety of locator,   climate, soil,  and  groundwater information were



included  in the file to  enable  the  user  to have  a  general



understanding of site location  and conditions,  and to obtain further



information as necessary.





     The  file itself  contains four  sections:   site  location and



identification,  climate,  soil,  and  groundwater/geologic.   The



parameters in the file and  their  corresponding lengths are  shown in



Table H-3.  Tables H-4 through H-6 are  examples  from the Basic Site



Information File.
                                H-3
-------
     A.   Site Location and Identification



     The site location and identification portion includes identifiers



ranging   in  resolution  from  general region to  specific  site.   These



locators aid in  the determination of  the number of sites within a



particular  state/ county, or region, and in the  location of the actual



site on  a USGS  topographic map.






     The LUST Regions (Pacific, Mountain, Central, Midwest, Northeast,



and Southeast) are  the largest divisions contained in the  file,



dividing the United  States into  six parts for  survey purposes.   The



PSU, or  primary sampling unit, is a  further  division of the  LUST



Region which encompasses one or more counties.   There are 34  PSUs



included in the LUST Survey which cover a total  of 76 counties.






     The state  and county  PIPS   codes,  or  Federal  Information



Processing  Standards,  are  numeric  codes  for each  state and county.



The state and county codes are two and three  digits respectively, and



are sometimes  combined  into a single five  digit  identifier.   Being a



standard identifier, the  PIPS Code helps  to avoid confusion due to



spelling errors and nonuniform abbreviations.





     The USGS  Topo Quad information is provided  for easy  reliable



geographic location.   This  information  includes the name of the




topographic quadrangle on which the site may be found, the map scale



of the quadrangle,  and  the bottom right coordinates  of the map.  This



information  may  be useful in the  future for digitization of mapping



and site location.
                                 H-4
-------
     Survey sites  were usually received marked  on a  USGS  topo map.



Sometimes,  however,  sites were  marked on nonstandard or state road



maps,  or occasionally not marked  at all.   If a topo quad could be



determined for a site, this information was included in the  file,



otherwise it was omitted.






     The Soil  Survey Area  information provides the name of  the Soil



Conservation Service County  Soil  Survey  covering  the site,  the year



the  survey was published,  and  the survey area  code.  County soil



surveys cover  a  county,  group of counties,  or sections  of counties.



Sites  located in  areas with  no  current published soil survey are



labelled "Area not surveyed"  at  this point.  Sites  not marked,  or



marked on  large scale  maps  are labelled  "Site  not specifically



marked", or  with some  other pertinant descriptor.   The Survey Area



Code is obtained from section one  of the Soil Conservation Service Map



Unit Use File (MUUF).  Every current county survey has a corresponding



code,  which  is the county  PIPS code for single whole county surveys.



For  partial county  and  multi-county surveys,   codes are  600  numbers.



These codes are found by searching the MUUF for state and survey area



name,  and are  used for finding cross  reference keys to specific soil



information.






     The specific site locators are the site ID,  latitude,  longitude,



and approximate elevation.  The site ID is an alpha-numeric code  taken



from the marked  topo  maps  as received.  The number includes the PSU.




For sites with multiple tanks,  a letter is tacked  onto  the end of the
                                H-5
-------
ID  (i.e.  A,  B, C,  etc.)  identifying each tank, so  that  each tank has



its own unique record in the event  that soil conditions may differ.






     The site coordinates were determined by measuring those marked on



USGS topo maps with a gridded ruler to the nearest 1/16 inch and then



performing the necessary calculations.  The coordinates were presented



in the file in degree:minute:second format.   Sites received marked on



maps with  insufficient scale or resolution were included with general



information only  (i.e.  no  specific coordinates).   The  elevation  was



taken from the topo map.






     The Hydrologic Unit,  or HU Code, is a numeric code assigned to a



drainage basin or distinct hydrologic feature by  the  Office of Water



Data Coordination.   Although  the HU Code  is applied mainly to surface



water,  it is sometimes used to organize groundwater studies.   An



example of this  is O.K. Todd's major water resource divisions in



Ground-Water  Resources  of  the  United States.   These  major divisions



correspond to  the first  two digits of the  HU Code,  as shown in



Figure 1.  HU Codes are  available from ENVIRLOC.





     B.  Climate





     State Climatic Divisions   (SCDs) are  areas  within  states which



have similar  climates.  The National  Weather  Service  has defined 353



divisions in the  United States   which frequently  follow  county




boundaries.  These  divisions, which were retrieved from GEOCOLOGY, for



survey locations,  will  help  determine the closest applicable weather



station  from  which to take climate data.   NOAA will provide rainfall
                                 H-6
-------
statistics to the Exposure  Evaluation Division  for those stations



recording hourly  precipitation  as well  as mean temperature and



humidity by SCO.






     C.  Soil






     The  soil  information included in  the  basic  site file  provides



some parameters plus soil  type keys for obtaining additional data from



Soils-5f the soil data base of the Soil  Conservation Service.






     The Soil Map Unit is  an  alpha-numeric which is obtained  from the



Soil Conservation Service published soil surveys.   The unit  is  found



by locating the site on one of the soil maps in  the county survey,



usually by comparison with the marked  topo map.  The Soil  Map  Unit and



the Survey Area Code are then used to extract the  Soils-5 Recnumber



from  the  Map Unit Use  File (MUUF)  section  three.  The  Soils-5



Recnumber consists of the  two character  state abbreviation and a four



digit number which  together determine the record to access within the



Soils-5 data base.   The additional information include such parameters



as permeability,  pH,  percent clay, etc.  A sample of the available



data is shown in Table H-7.






     If a county or part of a county did not have  a current published



soil survey, a soil type inference was made  using  surrounding county



soil surveys,  making either an  individual  soil type inference or a



major  association  inference as  shown in  the  site  file.   Soils-5
                                H-7
-------
Recnumbers were then found as  before.  If an inference could not be



made with reasonable confidence, then no inference was made.






     Additional  information in the Basic Site File includes seasonal



high water table,  availability of C-Horizon  (subsoil)  parameters,  and



relative  corrosivity to steel and concrete, all of which could be



useful for the prediction of possible tank leaks.   The seasonal high



water table information provides  a depth range, water table type,  and



the  months  of  common occurrence.   Availability   of  C-Horizon



information is  a  yes  or no  indication of whether  county soil survey



data  include the  mineral  subsoil.   Risk of Corrosion  is  a relative



parameter (low,  moderate, high) determined primarily by  drainage class



and  texture,  total acidity,  resistivity  at field  capacity,  and



conductivity of saturated extract, as  described in part  603  of  the



National Soils  Handbook  of  the SCS.






     D.   Groundwater/Geolog i c





     R.C.  Heath divided the United  States into major groundwater



regions (referred  to in  the site  file as Heath Regions)  in his report



"Ground-water  regions of the United States".  Figures 2  and 3 show the



boundaries of the  fifteen regions.  Heath established  ranges  for



transmissivity,  hydraulic  conductivity,  and porosity for  these



groundwater regions,   which may be  used  if  actual data is  not



available.  These  ranges are very general,  however,  and  should be used



with  caution.
                                H-8
-------
     Space is provided  for the NWWA (National Water Well Association)



subregion for future  input.   The NWWA is  currently  organizing



hydrogeologic parameter  ranges for  subsets of the region of R.C.



Heath.






     A literature search  was performed  in the National  Water Well



Association bibliographic  data base to  locate articles and  studies



describing  aquifers  in  the  areas  of  interest.    Most  of the



publications  were USGS reports  which contain  good groundwater and



geologic descriptions.   These USGS  publications were used  to develop



the groundwater file  which is cross referenced in  the Basic Site File.






     Extensive searches were performed  in  the NAWDEX Ground Water Site



Inventory to obtain water and well information.   Site  Resolution



(position  with respect  to aquifer),  Well Usuage Description (domestic,



public, industrial,  etc.),  and  Depth to Groundwater  were usually



obtained from the GWSI.  Well sites within  five minutes latitude and



longitude  of  a survey site were  used to determine  the  parameters at



that site.  If no  well sites  were  within this  radius of the LUST site,



Depth to  Groundwater  was taken from ENVIRLOC  (this  appears as a



range).   The other  literature  sources  previously mentioned were



occasionally  used when  available.






     The Basic Site Information  File,  Soils-5,  the Groundwater



Information File,  and  the future NOAA weather  data,  will be  useful



tools providing reasonable environmental  scenarios to  the modeller.
                                H-9
-------
This will aid not only in modeling efforts for the LUST study, but  for



future modeling studies as well.
                                 H-10
-------
                   Table H-l.  Information Source Summary  (1 of 5)
   Source

Literature:

County Soil
Surveys USDA Soil
Conservation
Service
USGS Publications
  Water Resources
  Data
  Guidebooks for
  Fieldtrips
  Water Resources
  Bulletins
Parameters
soil type,  level,  slope,
permeability, pH,
available moisture
capacity, temperature,
precipitation, soil
texture, % fragments,
sieve analysis, liquid
limit plasiticity,
index, shrink/swell
potential, erosin
factors

depth to groundwater soil
bulk density, cation
exchange capacity, organic
content, clay content
surface water data

observation well number,
location, hydrologic unit,
groundwater level,
well characteristics,
aquifer type, groundwater
quality

thickness and
characterization of
rocks and water
bearing formations

hydrogeology of
principal aquifers,
saturated thickness
ranges, temperature,
water level,
characterization of
core samples, analysis
Geographic Coverage
  and Frequency
most US counties
 (down  to  60  inches
 only)
                                                        some counties
all US states

most US states,
site specific
US, site specific
 (usually to bedrock),
 info variable by
state

US, site specific,
 info variable by
state
                                H-ll
-------
                   Table H-l.  Information Source Summary (2 of 5)
  Source
  Water Resources
  Bulletin
  Geological
  Circulars
  Water Resources
  Investigations
  Open File
  Reports
Resources of the
United States
O.K. Todd, 1983
Premier Press
Parameters

of rock samples,
hydraulic conductivity,
specific gravity,
particle size, porosity,
water quality

hydrogeology of
prinicipal aquifers,
saturated thickness
ranges, temperature,
water level,
characterization of
core samples, analysis
of rock samples,
hydraulic condictivity,
specific gravity,
particle size, porosity,
water quality

soil chemistry,
tranmissivity,
hydraulic conductivity,
thickness, sieve
analysis, soil layers

well data, water
quality, pumping
and drawdown studies

Water level, aquifer
description
precipitation,
occurrence of
groundwater,
storage coefficient,
evapotranspiration,
base of fresh water,
potentiometric contours,
basement slope
Geographic Coverage
  and Frequency
US, site specific
info variable by
state
US, site specific,
info variable by
site
US, site specific,
info variable by
site

US, site specific,
info variable by
site

US major groundwater
regions, info available
for most regions
                                H-12
-------
                   Table H-l.  Information Source Summary  (3 of 5)
  Source

Statistical
Abstract of
the United
States, 1984
US Dept. of
Commerce,
Bureau of Census

Climatic Atlas
of the United
States, 1968
U.S. Dept of
Commerce,
Environmental
Science Services
Administration,
Environmental
Data Service

Hourly
Precipitation
Data, NOAA,
US Environmental
Data Service
(monthly
publication by
state)

Topographic Map
Series, USGS,
Reston, VA

Ground-Water
Regions of the
United States,
R.C. Heath,
USGS Geological
Survey Water-
Supply Paper
2242
Parameters

mean temperature,
precipitation, days
w/precipitation
greater than 0.1 inch,
average snowfall,
average percent sunshine,
average windspeed

temperature,
precipitation,
state climatic
divisions, humidity,
evaporation, snowfall
radiation, skycover,
wind speed
hourly precipitation
Geographic Coverage
  and Frequency

selected US cities
US  (maps)
US weather stations
elevation, coordinates
groundwater regions,
descriptions, ranges of
transmissivity,
porosity, hydraulic
conductivity, and
recharge
US, most areas
US groundwater regions
                                 H-13
-------
                   Table H-l.  Information Source Summary (4 of 5)
  Source

NOAA
(National
Oceanic and
Atmospheric
Administration)
Data Bases:

Geocology,
Oak Ridge
National
Laboratory
(contained in
GEMS)
NAWDEX
(National Water
Data Exchange)
Ground Water
Site Inventory,
USGS, Reston, VA
National Ground
Water Information
Center Data Base,
National Water
Well Association,
Worthington, OH
Parameters

temperature,
wind speed,
precipitation,
state climatic
division, sky cover,
humidity
monthly temperature
monthly evaporation

state climatic divisions
within counties

soil great groups

well description,
groundwater level,
water use,
lithology,
transmissivity,
hydraulic
conductivity,
storage coefficient,
water quality

bibliographic,
key word search
covers current
literature including
USGS publications
Geographic Coverage
  and Frequency

US weather stations,
data collected variable
by station
US state climatic
divisions
eastern US counties

US


eastern US

US site specific,
data variable
by site
global, major emphasis
in US, literature
dependent
                                 H-14
-------
                   Table H-l.  Information Source Summary  (5 of 5)
  Source

ENVIRLOC,
Soil/HU Code,
General Software
Corporation
Landover, MD
Soils-5, USDA
Soil Conservation
Service,
Washington, D.C.
Parameters

approximate depth
to groundwater
ranges, soil
parameter ranges,
Hydrologic Unit
Code, Heath
Groundwater region
number

essentially same
information and
coverage as published
surveys
Geographic Coverage
  and Frequency

continental US by
Zip code or coordinate
most US counties, info
for most counties (with
modern published surveys
only)
                                H-15
-------
                 Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (1 of 6)
  County

Arkansas:
  Garland
California:
  Alameda
  Los Angeles
  San Mateo
Colorado:
  El Paso
  Teller
Connecticut:
  Hartford

  Tolland

Florida:
  Duval
Illinois:
  DuPage
Indiana:
  Grant
Survey Name
Alameda Area (excludes
western section)

Los Angeles County, West
San Fernando Valley Area

San Mateo Area
(excludes northern
section)
El Paso County Area
(excludes northwestern
section)
Hartford County

Tolland County
City of Jacksonville,
Duval County
DuPage and Part of
Cook Counties
Grant County
Survey Status
                            Mapping in
                            progress
Complete


Complete


Complete




Complete
                            Mapping not
                            started
Out of print

Complete


Complete



Complete
Out of print
Mapping in
progress
Year
Published
1966


1979


1961
1980
1962

1966


1978



1979



1915
                                 H-16
-------
  County

Iowa:
  Pottawattamie
Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (2 of 6)


  Survey Name                 Status Survey
Kansas:
  Johnson

  Waynedotte
Kentucky:
  Bullitt
  Jefferson

  Oldham

Minnesota:
  Ramsey


Mississippi:
  Issaquena

  Warren

Missouri:

  Caldwell

  Carroll
  Chariton

  Clinton

  DeKalb
  Pottawattamie County
  Johnson County

  Leavenworth and
  Waynedotte Counties
  Jefferson County

  Oldham County
  Washington and Ramsey
  Counties
  Issaquena County

  Warren County



  Caldwell County

  Carroll County




  Chariton County

  Clinton County

  DeKalb County
                   Year
                   Published
Out of print       1914

Mapping in
progress
Complete           1979

Complete           1977



Mapping in
progress

Complete           1966

Complete           1977


Complete           1980



Complete           1961

Complete           1964



Complete           1974

Out of print       1912

Mapping in
progress

Out of print       1912

Complete           1983

Complete           1977
                                 H-17
-------
                 Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (3 of 6)
  County

  Gentry
Montana:
  Hill
  Liberty


  Toole
Nebraska:
  Arthur
  Blaine

  Custer

  Grant


  Hooker

  Logan

  Loup

  McPherson

  Thomas

New Hampshire:
  Hillsborough

  Rockingham
Survey Name
Arthur and Grant
Counties

Blaine County

Custer County

Arthur and Grant
Counties

Hooker County

Logan County

Loup County

McPherson County

Thomas County


Hillsborough County

Rockingham County
Survey Status

Mapping
complete
                            Mapping not
                            Started

                            Mapping not
                            started

                            Mapping not
                            started
Complete


Out of print

Complete

Complete


Complete

Complete

Out of print

Complete

Complete


Complete

Out of print
Year
Published
1979


1954

1982

1979


1964

1974

1937

1969

1965


1981

1959
                                 H-18
-------
  County

Iowa:
  Pottawattamie
Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (2 of 6)


  Survey Name                 Status Survey
Kansas:
  Johnson

  Waynedotte
Kentucky:
  Bullitt
  Jefferson

  Oldham

Minnesota:
  Ramsey


Mississippi:
  Issaquena

  Warren

Missouri:

  Caldwell

  Carroll
  Chariton

  Clinton

  DeKalb
  Pottawattamie County
  Johnson County

  Leavenworth and
  Waynedotte Counties
  Jefferson County

  Oldham County
  Washington and Ramsey
  Counties
  Issaquena County

  Warren County



  Caldwell County

  Carroll County




  Chariton County

  Clinton County

  DeKalb County
                   Year
                   Published
Out of print       1914

Mapping in
progress
Complete           1979

Complete           1977



Mapping in
progress

Complete           1966

Complete           1977


Complete           1980



Complete           1961

Complete           1964



Complete           1974

Out of print       1912

Mapping in
progress

Out of print       1912

Complete           1983

Complete           1977
                                 H-17
-------
                 Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (3 of 6)
  County

  Gentry
Montana:
  Hill
  Liberty


  Toole
Nebraska:
  Arthur
  Blaine

  Custer

  Grant


  Hooker

  Logan

  Loup

  McPherson

  Thomas

New Hampshire:
  Hillsborough

  Rockingham
Survey Name
Arthur and Grant
Counties

Blaine County

Custer County

Arthur and Grant
Counties

Hooker County

Logan County

Loup County

McPherson County

Thomas County


Hillsborough County

Rockingham County
Survey Status

Mapping
complete
                            Mapping not
                            Started

                            Mapping not
                            started

                            Mapping not
                            started
Complete


Out of print

Complete

Complete


Complete

Complete

Out of print

Complete

Complete


Complete

Out of print
Year
Published
1979


1954

1982

1979


1964

1974

1937

1969

1965


1981

1959
                                 H-18
-------
                 Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (4 of 6)
  County

New York:
  Albany
  Essex


  Fulton


  Hamilton


  Queens


  Rensselaer
Ohio:
  Greene

  Miami

  Montgomery

  Preble

Oregon:
  Clackamas


Rhode Island:
  Bristol

  Kent

  Washington
Survey Name
Albany County
Rensselaer County
Greene County

Miami County

Montgomery County

Preble County


Clackamas County Area



Rhode Island

Rhode Island

Rhode Island
Survey Status


Out of print

Mapping in
progress

Mapping not
started

Mapping not
started

Mapping not
started

Mapping not
started

Out of print

Mapping complete


Complete

Complete

Complete

Complete


Complete
Complete

Complete

Complete
Year
Published
1942
1937
1978

1978

1976

1969


1985



1981

1981

1981
                                  H-19
-------
                 Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (5 of 6)
County

South Carolina:
  Lexington

  Richland

Tennessee:
  Chester

  Henderson

  Madison

Texas:
  Brooks
  Collin

  Harris
Survey Name


Lexington County

Richland County




Henderson County

Madison County
Collin County

Harris County
Survey Status


Complete

Complete


Mapping complete

Complete

Complete


Mapping in
progress

Complete

Complete
Year
Published
1976

1978
1960

1978
1969

1976
  Hays

  Kenedy


  Travis

  Willacy

  Williamson

Utah:
  Salt Lake



  Tooele
Comal and Hays Counties     Complete
                   1984
Travis County

Willacy County

Williamson County
Salt Lake Area
(excluding eastern
section)
Mapping not
started

Complete

Complete

Complete


Complete
                            Mapping in
                            progress
1974

1982

1983


1974
                                 H-20
-------
                 Table H-2.  Status of County Soil Surveys (6 of 6)
  County

Washington:
  Cowlitz
  King
  Snohomish
  Wahkiakum

Wyoming:
  Campbell
Survey Name
Cowlitz Area (eastern
part excluded)

King County Area
(eastern part
excluded)

Snohomish County
Area (eastern part
excluded)
Campbell County
                   Year
Survey Status      Published
Complete           1974
Complete           1973
Complete           1983
                            Mapping complete
Out of print       1955

Mapping in
progress
  Johnson


  Sheridan
Johnson County, Southern
Part

Sheridan County
Complete           1975
Out of print       1939

Mapping in
progress
                                 H-21
-------
Table H-3.  Parameters and Record Lengths included
       in the Basic Site Information File.
  LUST Region                        30
     PSU                              2
     State FIPS                       2
     County FIPS                      3
     USGS Topo Quad                  30
     Scale                            9
     Bottom Rt Latitude               8
     Bottom Rt Longitude              9
     Soil Survey Area Name           80
     Year Published                   4
     Survey Area Code                 3
     Site ID                         11
     Latitude                         8
     Longitude                        9
     Elevation (ft)                   5
     HU Code                         10
     SCO                              3
     Weather Station                 35

  Soil Map Unit                       5
     Series                          53
     SoilsS Recnumber                 6
     Soil Inference                  14
     Inference From                  33
     Inference Associations          56
     Inference SoilsS Numbers        54
     C-Horizon Info                   3
     High Water Table                43
     Corrosivity to Steel            13
     Corrosivity to Concrete         13

  Heath Region                       27
     NWWA Subregion                  23
     GW & Geologic Description      207
     Site Resolution                 35
     Well Usage Description          35
     Depth to GW (ft)                 7
     GW Cross Reference              25
                       H-22
-------
                                       o
                                       ro
                                       i—
                                       m
                                       g
                                                                            .0
                                                                            CO
U
                                                                            §

                                                                            S
                                                                            o
                                                                            CO


                                                                            U}
2
o
o
3
^j
O
'4-1
P
•f-1
i-
<, <
•J
4<^
-H
ot
•H
•*
•V
J3
•
-I
01
i— 1
CO

gion: Central
&
^\
w
3
2: Arthur
s
z
m _,
- §I
«*> .. °
0 5P Q
QJ Qj
" H &
CO fc, EH
•• ^J
jb co



Scale: 1:62500


o
o
C)
r— 1
• •
_1 J
• H
JJ
Bottom Right La


gitude: 101:30:00
amo: Arthur and Grant Counties
c z
Bottom Right La
Soil Survey Area 1


r-.
i-H

Year Published:


CM
-3"
I-H
O
o
1
5
5
in
o
f-H
1
•H
3
i — i
o
vO
0)
Survey Area Codi
: N230000635
a
a
•H
CO
§
•H
4-1
5
co
u
is
CM
O

de: 10180014
cS

Series: Valentine Fine Sand

u
cfl
a
r-l
•H
£

i — i
o
0
U
0
in
en
i— i
1

Inference From:

Inference :
ence Associations:
i-l
•H (1)
•H <4-l
o c


05
ence SoilsS Number
iw

High Water Table: GT 5.0ft
To Concrete:

r-H
o 3J
G 1 i
CO
o o
i[ i 1 1
o ^
N -H
•H W
S <§

NWWA Subregion:

c
.-i
PL,
00
•H
X
1
»
5
a
5
m
S
U
T3
C
CO
TD
C
cfl
CO
01
c
•H
4-1
T3
(U
4-1
C3
T3
i— 1
0
!f,
O
O
C
3
1
05
01
'4-1
•H
3
cr
co
T3
C
cfl
01
C
3
Q
•H
4-)
d Geologic Descrip
§
§

T3
C
CO
Resolution: dune s
3
•H
CO

Irrigation

Usage Description:
H
iH
2

0
o
•
m
^^
, to Groundwater(ft
5
t



oss Reference: 52
S
5

                                                H-23
-------
 CJ
 e
 CO
 •o
 V.
 c
0")
43
CO
H
Midwest
on
             oo
             1 — 1

             • •

             03
             &
             M
             b


             S
             (0
             4J
st


CO
m
o
CO
CU
M
t<
£
I
f-- Sweetser
E
C
2
%
3
a
£
D
o
o
o
CO
o
<»•
1
•H
4->
Scale: 1:24000
Bottom Right La
gitude: 85:45:00
anio: area not surveyed
C 2
S (0
0)
4J !H
£, <
5 *
« 0)
4-> CO
4->
O -H
£


Year Published:
o
vO
OO
• •
4J
U-I
8
•H
4->
(0
0)
t-4
w

CM
O
CO
0
-i
6
S
in
en
r-l
•H
a
Inference From: Miami County, 1979 (103)

Soil Inference: Ba.Pw
Blount-Pewamo Association

Inference Associations:
: IL0014,MI0042
en
Inference Soils5 Number
High Water Table: 0-3. Of t, perched apparent Dec-May

C-Horizon Info: yes
s
o
T— 1
S
s
u
/^
u
p
4=
M
•H
Corrosivity to Steel: h
5
•ft
ff
in
/^
»-M
CO
r— I
CO
S-l
4-1
C
CU
u
T3
CU
4-1
cfl
•H
O
cfl
r-t
oo
C
o
z
vO
• •
g
•H
rr>
I
5
ro
*
ion: Unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits over water bearing limestone and
dolomite bedrock
jj
GW and Geologic Descrip
i-
cu
'4-i
•r*
^
o-
CD
-^
O
O
v<
•a
CD
43
"O
C
CO
•O
OJ
4-1
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TJ
•rH
i — 1
O
•f.
C
o
o
c
Site Resolution: over u


Well Usage Description:
0
i
CM
CO

Depth to Groundwater(ft!


GW Cross Reference: 29
                                                            H-24
-------
                                                    o
                                                    CNJ
 C
 3
 O
 flj
 >
 3
                                        C
                                        3
                                        C
 u
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 CO
_L

CU
(0
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       i
Corrosivit


r-
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C
S-l
1
TH
CO
4-1
tn
n)
C
U
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rH
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4-1
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CO
iH
4-1
<
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I— 1
§
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5
GJ
32
C Description: Layers of clay, sand, shells, and limestone, very shallow water table, springs
and seeps common
-H
S
1
T3
g


0)
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3
cr
CO
CO
•a
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o
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0
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tn
0)
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GO
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D
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dwater(ft): 23.00

B
S


CO
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J-i
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14-1
in


                                                             H-25
-------
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                                                           H-26
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-------
                           APPENDIX I
                      MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
I.   INTRODUCTION

     While the tables presented in Section 9 provide a useful
descriptive look at leaking tanks and conditions under which
leaks occur, they do not take into account the simultaneous
effects of many variables.  To respond to this analytical need,
multivariate statistical models have been developed to examine
the relationship between leak status (1 = leak, 0 = no leak) [or
leak rate (gallons per hour)] and various explanatory variables.

     The advantage of the multivariate analysis is that it
provides a method of assessing the contribution of individual
explanatory factors, while simultaneously controlling for other
variables.  The procedures used also allow a step-wise approach
(i.e., first finding the one variable that best predicts leak
status [or leak rate], then the second best predictor, etc.) and
a test for the statistical significance of coefficients of each
variable in the model.  The results of the multivariate analysis
have been summarized in the next subsection so that the reader
may learn the outcome of the multivariate analysis without having
to go through all the mathematical details.  The technical
details on mathematical formulation can be found in later
subsections, along with the final equations for the multiple
regression and logistic regression models developed.
                              1-1
-------
II.  SUMMARY OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS RESULTS

     The major results of the modeling efforts are presented
below.  The reader should also note the caveates and limitations
at the end of this summary.
     A.   Multiple Correlations

     The multiple correlation coefficients (R) from the final
regression models (which retained only variables with significant
regression coefficients — see Subsection C for confidence
levels) were about .30 for leak status and .45 for leak rate,
demonstrating low to moderate predictive ability.  This
corresponds to R2 values of aboue .08 and .20, respectively.
Since R2 can be interpreted as the fraction of variance accounted
for by the model, it is clear that the models do not account for
most of the variance in leak status and leak rate.
     B.   Predictors of Leak Status

     Based on the coefficients in the regression and/or logistic
models, the probability that a tank system leak tends to increase
for:

     o    Older tanks,
     o    Tanks with no leaded gasoline stored,
     o    Tanks with passive cathodic protection, and
     o    Tanks for which no log of deliveries is kept.
                               1-2
-------
The positive relationship between leak probability and passive
cathodic protection might seem surprising.   A possible
explanation is that passive cathodic protection tends to be used
in areas which have a history of corrosion/leak problems.
Another explanation could be that passive cathodic protection is
strongly correlated with the storage of aviation fuel and, thus,
might be a proxy for this fuel type.  (The multivariate model
equations for leak status may be found in Section III, which
follows.)
     C.   Predictors of Leak Rate

     Among leaking tank systems, the leak rate tends to be larger
for:


     o    Fiberglass tanks;
     o    Tanks not on a concrete pad;
     o    Tanks both old and steel (i.e., an interaction
          effect) ;
     o    Tanks attached to other tanks; and
     o    Tanks in establishments with operators trained to check
          for line leaks.

The above factors are not indicators of leak likelihood, but of
larger leak rates among leaking tank systems.  The last factor
may well be a case of reverse causality — i.e., where tank
systems leak heavily, operators are trained to detect line leaks
(rather than vice versa).
*More precisely, fiberglass tank systems show less increase in
 leak rate as they get older.
                             1-3
-------
     D.   Limitations and Caveats



     In addition to the comments about the limitations of the

scope of the study presented in Section 8, the following

limitations and caveats apply to the multivariate analysis:
          Only business, government and military sectors are
          included (no farms).

          Manifolded tanks that could not be separated for
          tightness tests are not included.

          Although a long list of 49 potential explanatory
          variables were included, there are other possible
          variables which were not in our data base and whose
          effects are, therefore, not accounted for.  In
          particular, soil characteristics were not available for
          analysis and use in the models.  However, backfill
          around the tank (e.g., sand/gravel) is included and may
          be more relevant.

          The multivariate analysis finds "measures of
          association" rather than causality.  Naturally, since
          the variables used were suspected of affecting leaking,
          the discovery of a statistically significant
          association tends to affirm a causal linkage.  But the
          reader is cautioned that a different covariate could be
          the real causative factor, as in all statistical
          correlation studies.   For example, the variable "age of
          tank" could represent the effects of aging, per se, or
          age of tank could be a proxy for different installation
          techniques which changed over time, or different resins
          used in the manufacture of fiberglass tanks in
          different production years.
                             1-4
-------
III. MULTIVARIATE MODEL DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURE


     A.   Overview

     Two regression models (one to predict leak status and one to
predict leak rate) were developed using the variables in Table
1-1 as candidate predictor variables.  (Table 1-1 also appears as
Table 9-31 in Section 9 of this report.)   The regression analysis
followed a number of preliminary steps before arriving at the
final models.  This included elimination of variables with too
many missing variables (X13/  X16, X18) and variables with nearly
constant values (X8, X9,  X2i/ X23).  Stepwise regression runs
were made to obtain a reduced set of variables which best
predicted leak status or leak rate.  Finally, individual
regression coefficients were examined to ensure statistical
significance.  Sample sizes are shown below for the final model.
                                      Sample
          	Model	       Size
          Leak Status Regression        327
          Leak Status Logistic          380
          Leak Rate Regression           99
                             1-5
-------
  Table  1-1.   Simple Correlation of Leak Status with Explanatory Variables
Explanatory
Variable
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5"
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10
X11
X12
X13
X15
XI 6
X17
X18
XI 9
X20
X21
X23
XZ4
X25
<26
X27
X2B
X29
X30
X31
Meaning
Gas Station
1 Underground tanks
Tank capacity
Average low fill level'3'
(Age of tank)2
Leaded gasoline
Diesel fuel
Aviation fuel
Casohol
Other
Suction pump
Depth buried
Mater level
Tank tested
Years since test
Tank material
Tank lined
Tank coated
Passive cathodic protection
Impressed current catn.
protection
Other protection
Previous tank leak
Previous line leak
Frequency of delivers
Sand fill
Gravel fill
Concrete oad
Packed earth uaa
Oist. to nearest tank or
structure
Definition
1 = Yes; 0 = No
Number at facility
Gallons
As fraction of tank capacity
in 'years;
1 - yes; 0 = No
1 = Yes; 0 = No
1 = Yes; 0 = No
1 = Yes; 0 = No
1 = Yes; 0 : No
1 = Yes; 0 s No
Inches from surface
to top of tank
Inches from surface
to water table^4'
1 if tested after placed
in service; 0 otherwise
Since most recent test
1 = steel: 0 = fiberglass
1 = Yes; 0 = No
1 = Yes; 0 r No
1 = Yes: 0 = No
1 = Yes; 0 = No
1 = yes; 0 = No
1 s Yes: 0 = No
1 = Yes: 0 = No
Number per year
1 = Yes: 0 = No
1 z Yes: 0 = No
! i Yes: 0 i No
1 = Yes; 0 : No
I feet!
Correlation'1) »ith Y1,
Leak status
(1 = Leak; 0 = No Leak)
-.08
.12
.14
-.05
.11
-.26
.24
.13
-.07
.08
.003
.10
-.15
.03
.Ou'
.02
.07
-.01
.10
0
-.08
-.05
.05
-.05
.03
.006
.07
.03
'.04
Correlation'1' with Y2,
Leak rate (gal/Hr),,
among leaking tanks'^'
-.06
.10
.34
-.07
|
-.11
-.08
.07
0
.29
-.12
-.006
-.005
.01
-.21 :
-.09
.02
-.25
.05
0
0
-.04
.23
-.003
-.10
.16
-.09
-.09
-.09
 Pearson's correlation coefficient; Kendall's Tau-6 was also calculated for all Y1 correlations and found to be the same for
 nearly every  variable.

"Using data only from individual  leaking tanks with quantifiable leaks.

 I.e., just before product  is added.

 At time of test.
                                                    1-6
-------
 Table  1-1.  Simple Correlation of Leak Status with  Explanatory Variables
              (Continued)
explanatory
Variable
X32
X33
X34
X35
X36
XT 3
XT4
XT18A
XT19
XT 20
XT 36
X85
X819
XC7
XC8
XF1A
XG20
XG2E
XG2F
XC2G
Meaninq
Interaction: age & material
Interaction: gasohol &
material
Permit to install
Permit to store
Average high fill level*6'
Average fuel delivery
Max. ever stored
Attached to other tank
Tank proximity to water
table
Manway with tank
Not self-installed
Remote gauge
Log of deliveries
Any abandoned tank'5^
t Abandoned tanks
Corrosion prevention equip./
mat.
Trained to check pump
Trained to check line leaks
Trained to cneck leak
prevention
Trained to check leak
monitoring
Definition
(X5 ) (1-X17)
X9 (1-X17)
1 = Yes; 0 s No
1 = res: 0 = No
Aa fraction of tank capacity
in gallons (to one tank)
gallons
1 : Yes; 0 : No
1 : above: 2 = ..irtiaily
above: 3 = below; 4 : other
1 = Ves; 0 = No
1 * Yes; 0 z No
1 s Yes; 0 * No
1 * Yes; 0 = No
1 = Yes; 0 = No
(coded as zero if none)
1 = Yea; 0 s No
1 = Yes; 0 : No
1 = Yes; 0 = So
1 = Yes; 0 - No
1 = Yea; 0 s No
Correlation'1) with Y1,
Leak status
(1 : Leak; 0 s No Leak)
-.03
0
.12
.02
-.06
.15
.11
.22
.13
.19
.12
-.00$
-.03
-.03
• .12
•
-.02
.14
.10
.10
.15
Correlation'1) with Y2,
Leak rate (gal/Hr),
among leaking tanks'2'
-.07
0
.17
.09
-.09
.23
.29
.24
.28
.13
.12
.05
.002
.03
-.09
-.12
.24
.18
.15
.17
5At that facility.

 I.e., Just after product is delivered.
                                        1-7
-------
     B.    Multiple Regression Models
     Two models were constructed:
     [1]  Leak Status Model:
          (among all tanks
          with tightness test)

     [2]  Leak Rate Model:
          (among leaking
          tank systems only)
                         Dependent Variable, Yl
                           1  if leak
                           0  otherwise

                         Dependent Variable, Y2
                           leak rate in gal/hr
     Both models were run using the predictor variables in Table

1-1.  The general form of the model is:
Y - b
                          b2X2
where a few of the variables were interaction terms and the b's

are regression coefficients estimated by a least-squares

procedure.  In addition, a non-linear transformation was used for

one of the X variables.  Age2 was used rather than Age because

data plots suggested a non-linear increase in the percentage of

tanks that leak as a function of age.
                             1-8
-------
     C.   Logistic Regression Model

     For the leak status model, an alternative logistic
regression model was run.  The dependent variable can be
reexpressed as an odds ratio*, in the form:
     rial locr   Probability of Leaking Tank
     L  J   y    Probability of Tight Tank
                  b0 + b^ + b2Xx + ...
     This alternative formulation of Model [1] should more nearly
satisfy the homogeneity of variance assumption for regression.

     The coefficients (b's) for the Logistic Model are estimated
by maximum-likelihood methods rather than least-squares.
IV.  FINAL MULTIVARIATE MODELS

     Using the procedures defined above, linear and logistic
regression models were developed for leak status.  For leak rate,
a separate linear regression model was developed.  The final
models appear below.
 The assumed underlying model for the logistic regression is
 Y = l/[(l + exp (-bQ-biXn - b2X2 ....)].  From this expression
 it can be shown that log [Y/(l - Y) ] - bo + b^, + b2X2 + ...
 In this equation Y is the probability that the tank system leaks
 and 1 - Y is the probability that it does not leak.
                              1-9
-------
     Leak Status  Models


     [1]    Regression Model  :

           Yl  =  .22  + .00019 Xg  -  .25  Xg  +  .0044  X12***  + .18  X2Q


                         * * * *
     [la]   Logistic  Model    :

           log  Probability  of Leak = 1>3  _  >63  x  _>0  17  x
            *  Probability  no Leak               °          x^
                                       -  .38
 All coefficients significant at the 94 percent confidence level
 or better (except coefficient of X20 at 78 percent confidence
 level).
**(Age)2 was used rather than Age because this non-linear
 transformation showed a stronger correlation with leak status.



***The regression model found a + coefficient, but the logistic
 model found a - coefficient.  This may be a case of X12's
 collinearity with other variables.  However, no strong
 collinearities were detected with XT,.  (See Tables 1-2 and 1-3
 in Section V.)  Therefore, the relationship with X12, depth tank
 is buried, is inconclusive based on this mixed result.
****A11 coefficients significant at the 94 percent confidence
 level or better.
                              1-10
-------
     [2]   Leak Rate Model*****:

           Y2 = .91 - .67 X1? - .54 X29 - .0068 X32******

                i   /T *} V     J-  *5 K V
                  . D^ Arpi QA T . ZD AG2E
     The reliability of the model was examined in several ways.
For the regression models, the multiple correlation coefficient,
R, provides some overall measure of the predictive ability of the
model.  These results are shown below.
                 Multiple Correlation
                    Coefficient, R                R2

  Equation      Unadjusted   Adjusted    Unadjusted   Adjusted
    [1]             .30       .29           .093       .081

    [2]             .50       .45            .25         .20
     All coefficients significant at the 97 percent confidence
 level or better.
******This is an interaction term which was included to capture
 the more than additive effect of age and material type together.
                            1-11
-------
     The "adjusted" values of R and R2 adjust for degrees of
freedom in the model and, therefore, provide a better estimate of
how reliably the model might predict leak status and leak rate
for other tank systems beyond the modeling data set.  The R2 term
can be interpreted as the proportion of the variance in Y that
can be explained for by the model.  Thus, the model is able to
account for less than 10 percent of the total variance in leak
status and only about 20 percent the variance in leak rate.

     The reliability of the coefficients of the X's in equations
[1], [la] and [2] were also examined to ensure that the value is
not likely to be a chance occurrence.  The probability that these
coefficients are not chance occurrences is 94 percent or more for
each of 9 of the 10 parameters in these equations.  The remaining
coefficient had a 78 percent probability of being a non-chance
occurrence (i.e., there is a very low probability of the observed
coefficient occurring if its true value were zero).  It should be
noted that these probabilities of non-chance occurrence applies
one variable at a time — i.e., with many variables tried in the
model, the probability of at least one chance selection of a
variable increases.
V.   RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPLANATORY VARIABLES
      fCOLLINEARITY)

     Multicollinearity frequently exists in large data sets.
Pairwise collinearity is one sample form, and is relatively easy
to visualize.  In order to test for such "first order"
collinearity in the models, the correlations between all pairs of
independent or predictor variables  (i.e., X's) were computed.
The results shown in Table 1-2 indicate low pairwise
collinearity, except for X17  (tank material) and X32 = [(1 - tank
                             1-12
-------
Table 1-2.  Collinearity  (intercollelation) of X's in models
A.   Leak status regression and logistic models —
     Pearsons Correlation Coefficient between
     explanatory variables
1
4
X6
X12
X20
XB19
4
1




X6
-.03
1



X12
-.07
-.06
1


X20
-.08
-.12
.07
1

XB19
.10
.002
.09
-.04
1
B.   Leak rate regression model — Pearson's Correlation
     Coefficient between explanatory variables

X17
X29
X32
XT18A
XG2E
X17
1




X29
.09
1



X32
-.80
-.07
1


XT18A
.13
.38
-.10
1

XG2E
.05
.08
-.11
-.02
1
                              1-13
-------
material) x (Age)2] in the leak rate model (correlation of -.80).
The variable,  X32, is an interaction term.  The correlation of
X17 with X32 is close to the correlation of Age2 with -Age2.
Therefore, a large intercorrelation would be expected.

     Table 1-3 shows correlations between variables in the models
and variables not in the models.  (Variables with small
correlations,  less than .20, are not included.)  Any large
correlations could be considered as proxies (or substitutes) for
the model variable with which they are strongly correlated.  For
example, in the leak status model, passive cathodic protection
(X2g) is strongly correlated (correlation coefficient = .62) with
aviation fuel (X8).  Therefore, the apparent increase in the
likelihood of a leak with passive cathodic protection, might be
due, in large measure, to its relationship with aviation fuel
storage.
-------
Table 1-3.   Correlation Between Model  X's and X's  not  in the  Model
 A.
     Leak Status Model
       Model X
                                 Non Model X's
                                       Pearson's
                                      Correlation
                                      Coefficients
                                        (>  -20)
 2                o
X5, (Age of Tanks)'1

Xg, Leaded gasoline

XT2> Depth buried

Xorv, Passive cathodic
  X
   B19'
        deliveries
                          Xy  (Diesel fuel)
X2 (# Underground tanks)
Xg (Aviation fuel)
Xlg (Tank lined)
X29 (Concrete pool)
XT18A (Attached to  other  tank)
     (Manway with tank)
     (Trained to  chek line  leaks)
XQ2F (Trained in  leak protection)
XG2H (Trained in  leak monitoring)

X13 (Water level)
X-ig (Years since  test)
X3/^ (Permit to install)
^35 (Permit to store)
None

-.39

None

 .33
 .62
 .34
 .38
 .29
 .41
 .24
 .27
 .31

 .30
 .34
 .20
 .20
                                     1-15
-------
B.    Leak Rate Model
      Model X
Non Model X's
 Pearson's
Correlation
Coefficients
   (> .20)
Xiy, Tank material Xi (Gas station)
Xy (Diesel fuel)
^11 (Auction pump)
X13 (Water level)
X15 (Tank tested)
Xig (Years since test)
Xlg (Tank lined)
X19 (Tank coated)
X32 (Interaction: Age & material)
X~29> Concrete pad X2 (# Underground tanks)
X- (Average low fill level)
X-^g (Years since test)
X2Q (Passive cathodic protection)
X3Q (Packed earth pad)
X34 (Permit to install)
X3g (Average high fill level)
X.T.-J (Average fuel delivery)
XjlSA (Attached to other tank)
X~20 (Manway with tank)
•^G2H (Drained in leak monitoring)
X32, Interaction: X-Q (Suction pump)
Age & material X-j^ (Tank capacity)
X-^g (Years since test)
Xiy (Tank material)
X18 (Tank lined)
X-ig (Tank coated)
^T18A' Attached to X2 (# underground tanks)
other tank X3 (Tank capacity)
Xy (Diesel fuel)
X13 (Water level)
Xig (Years since test)
X25 (Previous line leak)
X2q (Concrete pad)
X3Q (Packed earth pad)
X34 (Permit to install)
X3r (Permit to store)
X3g (Average high fill level)
Xrp3 (Average fuel delivery)
Xj^ (Maximum ever stored)
X^2Q (Manway with tank)
Xr2n (Trained to check pump)
-.21
.22
.42
-.29
-.28
-.37
-.35
.66
-.80
.46
.24
-.48
.26
-.20
.24
.28
.20
.38
.52
.24
-.29
.26
.49
-.80
.53
-.54
.48
.22
.23
-.30
-.23
.28
.38
-.29
.29
.25
.25
.35
.33
.40
.24
                                    1-16
-------
Leak Rate Model (Continued)
      Model X
                            Non Model X's
 Pearson's
Correlation
Coefficients
   (> -20)
 X,
  G2E'
Trained to
check line
leaks
                          X7
                          X
                           8
(# underground tanks)
(Diesel fuel)
(Aviation fuel)
                          X1Q  (Other fuel)
                          ^16  (Years since test)
                          X2g  (Gravel fill)
                          X.-QQ  (Tank proximity to water  table)
                          X.r.20  (Manway with  tank)
                                (Trained to check pump)
                                (Trained in leak protection)
                          XQ2H  (Trained in leak monitoring)
      .25
     -.25
      .25
      .41
     -.44
      .21
      .39
      .22
      .40
      .89
      .68
                                     1-17
-------
 50273-101
  REPORT DOCUMENTATION
         PAGE
l._ REPORT NO.
            EPA' 560/5-86-013
3. Recipient's Accession No.
 4. Tttto end Subtitle

    Underground Motor Fuel  Storage Tanks:  A National Survey
                                                9. Report Dete
                                                     May,  1986
 7. AMI**.)  Di.tz,  St*ph«m K. ;* Flora, Jairus D., Jr.;6
           Strenio,  Judith F;* Carmen J. Vincent* «t al.
                                                S. Performing Organization R«pt. No.
 *. Performing Onjanliatton Name and AaMress

        •Weatat. Inc., 1650 Research Blvd., Rockvllle, MD 20850
        "Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker Blvd., Kansas City, M8 (4110
        Battelle Coluabus Division, Washington Operations, 2030 H Street, M,
         Washington, D.C. 20036
        Washington Consulting Group, 1625 Eye Street, NW, Washington D.C. 20006
                                                10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
                                                     Task 3
                                                11. Contract(C) or Grsnt(G) No.
                                                (O  EPA No. 68-02-4243
                                                ...        and
                                                (G>  EPA No. 68-02-3938
 12. Sponsoring Organization Nam* and Address
              Environmental Protection Agency
              Office of Toxic  Substances
              Exposure Evaluation Division
              401  M  Street, S.W.
 	Washington,  D.C.  20460	
                                                13. Type of Report & Period Covered
                                                    Final Report
                                                    Feb. '84 - May '86
                                                14.
 IS. Supplementary Notes
 1C. Abetract (Limit: 200 word*)

     A  nationally representative  sample of 2,812  establishments  were  interviewed  to
     determine  the  presence  of  underground motor  fuel  storage  tanks.    This  sample
     represented  establishments  in fuel-related  industries  (1,612),  large  establish-
     ments  in  all other industries (600),   and farms  (600).   A  total of 890  of  these
     establishments  were found to have  a total of 2,445  underground motor fuel  storage
     tanks.   Only  19 farms with 34  tanks were  found.   The following national estimates
     were  made:    there  are  796,000  underground motor  fuel storage  tanks  at  326,000
     establishments  in the  Unisted  States  --  158,000  of these  are  on 79,000 farms.   A
     subsample of  218 establishments  was selected  for tank tightness testing,  using a
     modification  of a  commercially available  test.    The  method over-filled  the  tank
     system into a standpipe,  and thus  detected leakage  anywhere  in the  system  of tank
     vessel,  pipes,   lines,  joints,  and  fittings.   Among  the  non-farm  establishments
     tested,  the  following  estimates  were  made:   35  percent (189,000) of tank  systems
     were  judged  to be  leaking  under test  conditions;  the  average  leak  rate  of  those
     systems  with  quantifiable leak rate, adjusted for test pressure, was 0.32  gallons
     per hour; half  the leaks among all systems judged to be leaking were 0.25  gallons
     per hour or less.
 17. Document Analysis  a. Descriptors

    Establishment characteristics,  leaking underground  tanks, survey design,  tank
    characteristics, tank establishments, tank  tightness  testing, underground  motor
    fuel storage tanks

    b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
   e. COSATI Field/Group
 IS. Availability Statement
                                                          19. Security Class (This Report)
                                                            Unclassified
                                                         20. Security Class (This Pace)
                                                                11
                                                           21. No. of Pates
                                                             Vol I: 227
                                                           	Vol II: 330	
                                                           22. Price
(See ANSI-Z39.18)
                                         See Instructions on Reverse
                                                          OPTIONAL FOMM 272 (4-77)
                                                          (Formerly NTIS-3S)
                                                          Department of Commerce
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