EPA-600/3-83-094
           Environmental Levels  of  PCB  in
           Great Lakes Fish
           Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.  School of Public
           Health
           Prepared for "

           Environmental Research Lah.-Duluth,  MN
           1 Jun 82
                    of Conroerc*
              Technicai Infon^tkw


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                      NOTICE

This document has been reviewed in accordance with
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and
approved for publication.  Mention of trade names
or commercial products does not constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for ure.
                       11

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                             Acknovledeevents
The assistance of the following in this project is gratefully acknowledged.
                    Minnesota ToLluticn Control Aeer.cv
                               Kachv Swanda
                          University of Minnesota

                            Leonard M.  Schunan
                              Jack S.  Mandel
                 Research ?ellov,  University of Minnesota

                              Mark J.  Bishop


     This project was conducted by the Environnental Health Research and Training
Center in conjunction with the Department of Epidemiology,  University of Minnesota.

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                             Table of Contends
                                                                          Pa2e
1.0.
2.0.
3.0.
  3.1.
  3.2.
4.0.
  4.1.
    4.1.1.
    4.1.2.
    4.1.3.
  4.2.
    4.2.1.
    4.2.2.
    4.2.3.
    4.2.A.
    4.2.5.
    4.2.6.
  4.3.
    4.3.1.
    4.3.2.
  4.4.
  4.5.
    4.5.1.
    4.5.2.
    4.5.3.
    4.5.4.
    4.5.5.
    4.5.6.
    4.5.7.
    4.5.8.
    4.5.9.
    4.5.10.
Acknow1ed g emen t s
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions and Reconoiendations
Sampling Areas and Species of Fish Sampled
  Sampling Areas
  Species of Fish Sampled
Results
  Lake Trout
    Lake Superior
    Lake Michigan
    Lake Huron
  Yellow Perch
    Lake Michigan
    Lake Huron
    Lake St. Clair
    Lake Erie
    Lake Ontario
    St. Lawrence River
  Lake Whitefish
    Lake Superior
    Lake Huron
  Lake Herring
  Other Jish
    Fat Trout
    Brown Trout
    Rainbow Trout
    Carp
    Catfish
    Channel Catfish
    Walleye
    Sucker
    Red Sucker
    Bloater
\ ! 1
 1
 2
 3
 5
 5
 5
 9
 10
 10
 18
 22
 22
 22
 25
 25
 25
 26
 26
 26
 26
 28
 28
 28
 28
 29
 29
 29
 32
 32
 32
 33
 33
 33

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                                                                     Page
    4.5.11.
    A.5.12.
    4.5.13.
    4.5.14.
    4.5.15.
    4.5.16.
    4.5.17.
    4.5.18.
    4.5.19.
    4.5.20.
    4.5.21.
    4.5.22.
    4.5.23.
    4.5.24.
5.0.
  5.1.
    5.1.1.

  5.2.
  5.3.
  5.4.
  5.5.
  5.6.
    5.6.1.
    5.6.2.
    5.6.3.
    5.6.4.
    5.6.5.
    5.6.6.
    5.6.7.
    5.6.8.
6.0.
Appendix A
' Table A-l
  Table A-2
Appendix B
    Burbot                                      35
    White Baas                                  35
    Rock Bass                                   35
    Smallmouth Bass                             35
    White Perch                                 35
    Northern Pike                               35
    Fresh Water Drum                            35
    Black Crappie                               35
    Brown Bullhead                              37
    Muskie   .                                   37
    Salmon                                      37
    Chinook Salnon                              37
    Cisco                                       37
    Smelt                                       37
Discussion                                      37
  Lake Trout                                    33
    Variation in Lake Trout Concentration by    41
     Location
  Yellow Perch                                  45
  Lake Whitefish                                45
  Lake Herring                                  45
  Other Fish                                    45
  Specie Differences in PCB Concentrations      45
    Lake Superior                               40
    Lake Michigan                               49
    Lake Huron                                  50
    Lake St. Clair                              50
    Lake Erie                                   50
    Lake Ontario                                51
    Gonesee River at Scottsville. New York      51
    St.  Lawrence Paver at Kassena, New York     51
References                                      53
Summary of Data Examined                        53
  Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined           53
  Summary of Other Fish Data Examined           54
Plot Showing Weight-Length Relationships for    62
 Lake Trout Sampled in Lake Superior

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                              List of Ficures
Fig  No.                                                                   Pag<

   1    Map of Lake Superior showing sanpling areas and sampling point       6
         locations.
   2    Map of Lakes Michigan,  Huron and St.  Clair showing sacpling areas    7
         and sar-.pling point locations.
   3    Map of Lakes Erie and Ontario and rhe St.  Lavrence River showing     8
         sampling point locations.
   4a   Lake Superior-Lake Trout Data.                                       11
   4b   Lake Superior-Lake Trout Data.                                       14
   Ac   Lake Superior-Lake Trout Data.                                       17
   Ad   Lake Michigan-Lake Trout Data.                                       19
   4e   Southern Lake Michigan-Lake Trout Data.                              21
   4f   Lake Huron-Lake Trout Data.                                         23
   5    Fat Trout,  Yellow Perch Data-Great Lakes.                            24
   6    Vhitefish,  Walleye,and  Sucker Data-Great Lakes.                     27
   7    Bloater, Brown Trout, Rainbow Trout,  Salnon,  and Chinook Salmon     30
         Data-Great Lakes.
   8    Carp, Catfish, Channel  Catfish  Data-Great  Lakes.                    31
   9    White Bass, Rock Bass,  Saallnouth Bass,  Vhtte Perch,  Northern Pike,  34
         Red Sucker,  and Fresh  Water Drum Data-Great  Lakes
  10    Log-Probability Plot of Lake Superior Lake Trout Data-1975  Michigan  39
         Data.
  11    Log-Probability Plot of Lake Superior Lake Trout Data-Function of   40
         Weight-1975 Michigan Data.
  12    Seai-log Point of Lake  Superior Lake  Trout Data-PC3 Concentrations  42
         vs.  Length-1975 Michigan Data.
  13    Log-log  Plot  of Lake Trout  Data-Weight vs. PCB Concentrations-1975  43
         Michigan Data.
  14    Log-log  Plot  of Lake Superior Lake Trout Data-PCB Body Burden ys.   44
         Weight-1975  Michigan Data.
  Appendix B
        Semi-log Plot of Weight vs. Length-Lake  Superior Lake Trout Data-   52
         1975 Michigan Data.
                                  Vi 1

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                                  -1-
                                Abstract






     This report reviews and evaluates previously reported PCB levels in a




variety of fish sampled from various locations in the Great Lakes.  Higher




concentrations in fish appear to be related to near-shore sampling where




higher exposure to bottom sedinents occurs to the flora and fauna comprising




the food chains for the specific fish collected.   Highest concentrations of




PCBs were found in lake trout and fat trout taken from Lake Superior and in




fish collected from the lower end of Lake Michigan.   There is a need to iden-




tify past and/or present sources contributing PCB contaminants to the off-shore




areas as well as to identify major sources of runoff contributing PCBs to the




waters of the Great Lakes system.  Additional information as to food-chain




constituents is needed to more readily assess prey-predator relationships in




the various regions of the system.




     Fish  taken from some of the sampling areas  exceeded the ?DA limit of




5 mg PCB per kg of fish;  if the level is lowered  to  2 mg/kg many more fish




will exceed the proposed limit.

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                                   -2-







             Environmental Levels  of  PCB  in  Great  Lakes  Fish




1.0. Introduction.



     Human exposures to organic chemicals and potential health effects may be



related to the intake of fish taken from the Great Lakes, since fish, which



form a part of the diet, have shown the highest levels of contamination.



Possible exposure through the ingestion of contaminated fish far exceeds the



possibilities of exposure through inhalation of contaminated air or ingestion
                                        \,


of contaminated waters.  More data are available on levels of PCBs in the



environment than on many other organic contaminants, therefore, PCBs may serve



as the indicator organic cheatical for potential human exposure.



     The intent of this review is to identify, based on available data reported



to us, the major species of fish contributing PCBs to the diet of man, and the



major sources of contamination based upon the areas from which the fish were



obtained.  This information will be helpful in identifying the major sources



of exposure to human populations both in terms of species consumed and areas



from which the fish were obtained.  Having identified the major species of



fish, the area from which they were obtained, and, ultimately, their levels



and areas of maximum consumption,  it may be possible to relate consumption to



possible health effects as noted from the complimentary epidemiological study



underway.



     This review will first identify levels of contamination in samples of



lake trout in Great Lakes waters by sampling area, since this species was most



extensively studied, and will then identify levels by location for other species



of fish which form part of the human diet or may serve as food sources for fish



at higher trophic levels.  Our primary concern is for possibilities of human



exposure, even though we fully recognize the importance of the total ecological



systems approach,  particularly with respect to predator-prey relationships.  In

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                                   -3-




fact, the latter is necessary to fully understand and appreciate the potentials




for human exposure through ingestion of fish.  One other aspect that is not




directly considered in this review is the potential for infant exposure through




breast feeding by mothers exposed to PCBs in their diets and accumulations of




these agents in fatty tissue.




2.0. Conclusions and Recosaendations.
     On the basis of the study completed, the following conclusions may be drawn




based upon the data available ;o the authors and the assueptions referred to in




the text.




     1.  There is a dearth of information on PC3 levels in many species of fish




         collected from various locations.  In many instances, only one or two




         samples were collected annually or biennially, therefore,  it is diffi-




         cult to estimate the significance of the ?C3 levels reported or changes




         therein.




     2.  Where more data were available for specific fish from given locations,




         it was possible to demonstrate that the ?CB concentrations reported




         varied in a log-normal manner.  This distribution presents some problems




         in terms of translating potential exposure levels to humans from the




         geometric mean values.




     3.  Based upon data reported for fish collected from certain areas of Lake




         Superior (MS-3, MS-A, and MS-5) the concentrations generally were lower,




         whereas near-shore samples included in these same areas showed higher




         concentrations.  These higher values probably reflect higher bottom mud




         and sediment concentrations in the near-shore areas.




     4.  Little usable information is available on food-chain levels in the




         Great Lakes system.  Such data are needed to help interpret differences




         in levels observed in fish taken from the various locations.




     5.  Insufficient data are available on those fish identified as being pre-




         ferred from a human intake standpoint.   Such information is necessary

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                              -4-




    to help estimate the role that these fish play  in human diets and




    potential human exposure resulting therefrom.




6.  At only a few sampling points were multiple fish species collected




    and where collected they were few in number.




These conclusions suggest the following recommendations:




1.  All subsequent investigations of fish and other sedia in the Great




    Lakes should be coordinated through a central organization which can




    specify the kinds of fish to be collected, numbers of fish, and loca-




    tions for sample collection.




2.  There is a greater need for reporting, and this nay be available in




    other material which did not accompany the data available to us, what




    portion of the fish was examined-whether the total fish, edible fraction,




    etc., to provide a better base for comparing samples.  Similarily,




    methods used for analysis should be reported and a uniform system of




    of quality control should include all laboratories carrying out these




    studies.  The specific standard used for estimating the ?C3 concentra-




    tion should be indicated and information on the acutal isoiners identified




    should be reported.




3.  With the isolation of areas of higher fish contamination,  a concerted




    effort should be made to indicate whether such contamination levels re-




    flect current discharges of ?CBs or  sources that have accumulated  over




    time.




A.  Stomach contents of th°. fish caught should be examined to  identify  feed-




    ing liabits in the various parts of the lake system during  different




    seasons of the year.




5.  The age of fish should be reported, inasmuch as length and weight may




    not always be indicative of the age of the fish and the time spent  in




    a given location.   This information would be helpful in comparing PC3

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                                   -5-



          ievels  in  fish  taken  annually.



      6.   The  aigratory patterns  of  fish  through  their  life  cycle  should  be  ident-



          ified even though  fish  stocking takes place from hatcheries,  since



          hatchery fish probably  migrate.



 3.0.  Sar.plir.g Areas and  Species  of  ?ish  Sampled.



 3.1.  Sampling Areas.



      Areas  from  which sanples  were  collected carried two types of designations-



 sone  being  identified by specific shore  locations and  others by specific arsas



 in  the Great  Lakes.  These  saapling  locations are indicated in Figs.  1 to 3,



 which, respectively, identify  areas  froa which fish were collected in Lake  Sup-



 erior; Lakes  Michigan, Huron,  and St. Clair; and Lakes Erie and Ontario and the



 St. Lawrence  River.  The areas indicated in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron



 were  identified  in  reports  from  the  State of Michigan,  the specific sampling



 points, namely:  1  to 11  on Lake Superior; 12 to 15 on Lake Michigan; 16 on Lake



 Huron; 17 on  Lake St. Clair; 18, 19, and 24 on Lake Erie; 20 on the Genesee River;



 21  and 22 on  Lake Ontario; and 23 on the St. Laurence River were identified in


                                   "*—5                                6
 information retrieved froa "S~ORET"~   and from data reported by Koch.   Since



 soae  cf the areas froa which fish were sampled were quite extensive, the exact



 locations nay vary  for collections made at different times.  The data used  in



 this  review were froa the ebove reports.



 3.2.  Species  of Fish Sampled.



      The most extensive  data available for study were on lake trout, but data



 in  variable number were  reported for fat trout, carp, catfish,  yellow perch,



whitefish,  walleye, sucker,  red sucker,  black crappie, brown bullhead, herring,



 fresh water drum, bloater,  burbot,  brown trout,  rainbow trout, nuskie, salmon,



chinook salaon,  Cisco,  and smelt.  Similar species were not sampled from all



sites-probably due to the fact that all species were not found at all locations.



The species of most interest are those that have been identified as major food

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       -6-
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    -7-
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sources.  These, in order of preference as indicated by preliminary data  from




the epidemiological questionnaire on ingestion habits of commercial fishermen,




are yellow perch, lake whitefish, lake herring, and lake trout.




&.O.  Results.




     Only the data reported for PC3 levels in fish are included in this review.




Since specific information, with few exceptions, was not available on the por-




tions of fish analyzed, the assumption was cade that the data represented PCB




levels in whole fish based upon the wet weight of the fish.  Unfortunately, the




ages of the fish S£mpled were not reported >anc the rate of growth from year to




year was not available for the various species analyzed, making it impossible,




where sufficient numbers of fish were sampled from year to year, to compare fish




of the same age during different time periods.  Because length and weight (wet)




were reported for many of the fish data used, length-weight curves were plotted




(see Appendix B, which sh-jws length-weight relationships for lake trout in Lake




Superior) to make it possible to report PCB concentration as a function of weight




when length only was reported.




     Since we are dealing with biological systems, the data were plotted in the




form of semi-logarithmic plots of PCB concentration (log Gcale) vs. length




(arithmetic scale) or weight (wet) (log scale) vs. length (arithmetic scale);




as logarithmic plots of PCB concentration (log scale)  vs.  weight (wet) (log




scale); and as logarithmic probability plots of PCB concentrations.  In addition,




ffsh body hurden (nig)  vs.  fish weight (grans) was plotted on log-log paper and




demonstrated a better linear relationship than that reported by others using an




arithmetic plot.




     No information was available in the data sources reviewed on tho analytical




procedures used for identification of the PCB levels found in fish.  In most in-




stances,  no information was provided on the standard used for estimating the




PCB levels found.   Some data were available on the different Aroclors rneasured.
                                                    .

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                                  -10-




In these instances the values reported w»re for total PCB levels, i.e., the




sum of the  individually  identified Aroclor  PCS levels.




     Since  the most extensive data available for study were for lake trout,




these data  will be reviewed first.




4. 1.  Lake Trout.




     The data reported and reviewed for lake trout are listed in Table A.I.




(Appendix A) and plotted in Figs. A a-f.  The values are plotted moving from




west to east for Lake Superior and moving eastward with values reported for




Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.  The areas from which samples were collected




are indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.




A. 1.1.  Lake Superior (Figs. 1 and A a-e).




     Since, as indicated, we are dealing with biological systems, geometric




or logarithmic interpretations of the data are valid, with median values being




reported where sufficient samples were collected,  because they are more closely




related to  geometric mean values than are arithmetic mean values.  Use of




median (approximate geometric mean values) are mur? difficult to identify with




average mean values but they are more representative of the actual variations




in levels observed representing substantial differences in many cases.




     Samples collected at Bayfield,  Wisconsin,  in Lake Superior (Fig. 4a),




only one or two each year,  showed minor variations in PCS concentrations during




the period  1969-1977 ranging in values from 1.3 to 2.8 mg/kg (wet weight).




     More samples were collected froir the Isle Royale area of Lake Superior




(Fig.  4a),  during each of two sampling periods  in May, 1974 and May,  1975,  with




total numbers of 12 and 19 samples,  respectively.   An examination of  PCB levels




during each of these two periods as  a function of  fish size—s:31b,  3 to 5  lb,




and 5 to 10 lb,  respectively,  showed increased  concentrations with size and




increased concantrations during the  second year of sample collection  in each




size increment,  as indicated by the  median values.   Overall PCB concentrations

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     -11-
         Fig. 4a
 0
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74
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MS-1

74 5/75
74
77
72
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70
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             0
CALUMET
E F1OYALE ONTONAGON
5


S
BAYFIELD
KEWEENAW COUNTY
NIONAGO

COUNTY
KCWtENAW

COUNTY

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                                   -12-
ranged from  0.33  to  13.0 mg/kg wee weight as  shown  in  Fig.  4a.   Values  at




Isle Royale were also  somewhat higher than those  reported at Bayfield, Wiscon-




sin.  Median values at  Isle Royale were  0.73,  1.8,  and 3.3  rag/kg (wet weighO,




respectively,  for fish  under 3 Ib, 3 to  5 Ib,  and 5 to 10 Ib,  respectively,




in  1974, and 3.1,  4.0,  and 6.3 mg/kg (wet weignt),  respectively,  in  1975.




     Ontonagon lake trout samples  (Fig.  4a) collected  in June,  1974  ranged




from 1.6 to  14.4  mg/kg  (wet weight) in PCS concentration with median values




of  2.2 Kg/kg for  five samples under 3 Ib wet weight and 8.8 mg/kg for 17 samples




in  the 3 to  5  Ib  range.  Samples collected in  July,  1975 showed  a median concen-




tration of 2.7 mg/kg  for the seven samples of  fish  under 3  Ib wet weight, 6.6




for the six  fish  in the 3 to 5 Ib range, and 5.0 for the five fish in the 5 to




10  Ib range.   In  general, the median values were in the range of the samples




collected at Isle Royale in 1975.




     Much greater variations in PCB concentrations  were observed in the samples




collected at Calumet  (Fig. 4a) with overall concentrations  ranging from 0.02




mg/kg (wet weight) to 28.4 mg/kg (wet weight).  Median values for fish collected




at  specific  times and for various sizes  were as follows:  6.9 ag/kg for seven




fish less than 3  Ib weight collected February, 1974; 0.38 for 11 fish less than




3 Ib weight, 0.69  for six fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 1.6 for U  fish 5 to 10 Ib




weight collected  in May, 1974; 1.2 irg/kg for three  fish less than 3 Ib weight,




2.3 for four fish 3 to  5 Ib weight, 2.5  for four fish  5 to  10 Ib weight, and




3.9 mg/kg i'or  one  fish  over 10 Ib weight collected  in  June,  1974; 8.6 mg/kg for




five fish 3  to  5  Ib weight and 5.5 mg/kg for 10 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight collected




in  July, 1974;  and 5.8  mg/kg for nine fish less than 3 Ib weight, 2.2 for 10




fish 3 to 5  Ib weight,  and 3.3 for eight fish  5 to  10  Ib weight  collected in




May, 1975.




     Only a  single sample was collected  at Keweenaw in 1974 and  again in 1977




(Fig.  4a)  with PCB concentration of 4.5 mg/kg  for a  5  to 10 Ib fish, and 0.7




tng/kg for a  3  to  5 Ib fish,  respectively.

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                                     -13-
     A  total of  18  samples was  collected at  Betsy  Bay  in May,  1975  (Fig.  4a)
with PCB concentrations  in the  range of 0.09  to  2.1 mg/kg wet  weight.   Median
values  showed an increase in  size with values  of 0.60  rag/kg  for  seven  fish  less
than 3  Ib weight, 0.76 for five fish in the  3  to 5 Ib  range, and 1.5 for  six
fish in the 5 to 10 Ib range.
     Thirty-six  samples  were  collected in  1975 from an area  designated  MS-3
(Fig. Ab) and showed a range  in PCB concentrations of  0.09 to  3.54 mg/kg  wet
weight.  Median  values were 0.65 for eleven  fish,  1.45 for 13  fish, and 1.74
for 12  fish in the  < 3,  3 to  5,  and 5 to 10  Ib weight  classes, respectively.
In general, the  concentrations  observed in samples taken from  area MS-3 were
lower than values indicated for samples taken at specific locations in  areas
MS-1, MS-2, and  MS-3.  For fish weighing less than 3 Ib, the median value for
area MS-3 (1975) was 0.65 ng  PCB/kg wet weight compared to 0.60  mg/kg for
samples from Betsy  Bay,  1975; 5.S mg/kg Calumet, 1975; 2.7 mg/kg Ontonagon,
1974; and 3.1 mg/kg Isle Royale, 1975.  For  fish in the 3 to 5 Ib group,  only
the sample taken from Betsy Bay had a lower median value (0.76 mg/kg) than  did
the samples taken from area MS-3 (1.45 mg/kg); all other median  values  were
higher—Isle Royale, 4.04 mg/kg in 1975; Ontonagon, 6.57 mg/kg in 1974; and
Calumet, 2.20 mg/kg in 1975.  In the 5 to  10 Ib group, the median value for
samples from area MS-3 in 1975  was 1.74 mg/kg, was lower (1.41 ing/kg in 1975)
for samples from Betsy Bay,  and higher for all other locations—Bayfield, 2.7
ng/kg in 1974; Isle Royale,  6.29 in 1975;   Ontonagon, 4.99 in 1974; Calumet, 3.30
in 1975; and Keweenaw Pt. (single sample,   4.5 mg/kg in 197&).
     A number of lake trout samples were collected at Marquette, Michigan on
Lake Superior during the period February,   1974 through May,  1975, the total
being 112 samples (Fig. 4b).   Overall PCB  concentrations ranged  from <  0.02 to
24 =g/kg wet weight.  Median values for specific sample periods  and fish  sizes
were as follows:   February,  1974, 10.5 ng/kg wet weight for four fish less  than
3 Ib weight; May, 1974, 0.66 mg/kg for 15  fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.99

-------
                            -14-



                              Fig. 4b
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                                    -15-



for  two  fish  3  to  5  Ib weight,and 2.0 for 10 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight;  June,  1974.




3.3  for  seven fish less than  3  Ib weight,  2.8 for eight fish 3  to 5 Ib weight,




3.A  for  27  fish 5  to 10 Ib  weight,  and 12.5  for one fish greater than 10 Ib




weight;  October,  1974, 0.95 for nine fish 3  to 5 Ib weight,  1.8 for 15 fish




5 to 10  Ib  weight, and 5.3  for  five fish greater than 10 Ib  weight; and May,  1975,




0.48 for four fish less than  3  Ib weight,  0.84 for two fish  3 tc 5 Ib weight,




and  6.2  for three  fish 5 to 10  Ib weight.  These data show a general  increase




in concentration with size  in the individual samplings but tha  concentrations




show increases  and decreases  with time with  the June, 1974 median values show-




ing  higher  values  than samples  collected in  May,  1974, October, 1974,  and May,




1975 levels.




      Fifteen  samples were collected  in June,  1975 at Grand Portal, Michigan




(Fig. 4b) and showed a PCB  concentration range of 0.11 to 8.5 ing/kg wet weight.




Median values for  the three ranges  of fish weight <3, 3 to  5,  and 5  to 10  Ib




were 1.0, 1.1,  and 3.1 mg/kg  wet  weight,  respectively.




      Forty-two  samples were collected from area MS-4 Lake Superior (Fig.  1) with




PCB  concentrations ranging  from 0.11  to 8.60 Eg/kg.   Median  values for fish less




than 3 Ib,  3  to 5  Ib,  and 5 to  10 Ib  were  0.54,  1.04,  and 2.04  mg/kg,  respectively.




Results  reported in  1975  for  area MS-4  were  very similar to  those reported  for




Marquette and Grand  Portal  (0.54, 0.48,  and  1.0  mg/kg,  respectively)  for fish




weight less than 3 Ib;  similar  again  for fish in the 3 to 5  Ib  group  (1.04, 0.84,



and  1.08 nig/kg,  respectively);  and were higher at both point  locations for  fish




in the 5 to 10  Ib  group-2.04  nig/kg  for  MS-4,  6.20 mg/kg for  Marquette,  and  3.11




rag/kg for Grand  Portal.




     Eighteen fish collected  in May,  1975  from Au Sable,  Michigan (Fig.  4b)




showed PCB  concentrations ranging from  0.29  to 4.2 mg/kg wet  weight.   There was




a general increase in  reported  concentrations,  with fish  size  as indicated by




median values of 0.51  tag/kg for seven fish less  than 3 Ib weight,  1.2  for a

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                                   -16-




fish 3 to 5 Ib woight,  and  1.7  for nine  fish 5  to  10  Ib weight.




     A series of 20  fish  samples  collected  in June, 1975  from an area designated




as open water in Lake Superior  (area MS-5)  showed  relatively high PCB concentra-




tions ranging from 4.0  to 45.2  mg/kg wet weight  (Fig. 4b).  Median values




determined were 14.8 mg/kg  for  six fish  less than  3 Ib weight,  17.1 for six  fioh




3 to 5 Ib weight, 27.2  for  four fish 5 to 10 Ib  weight, and 20.4 for four  fish




greater than 10 Ib weight.




     Two series of samplings were reported  for  Grand  Marais, Michigan (Area  MS-5),




one in May, 1974 and the other  in September, 1975  (Fig. 4b).  Both series  showed




an increase in median value with  increase in fish  size as follows:  1.1 mg/kg




for five fish less than 3 Ib weight, 1.3 for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight,  and




1.5 for six fish 5 to 10 Ib weight collected in  1974, and 36.8 mg/kg for two fish




3 to 5 Ib weight, and 39.6  for  two fish 5 to 10  Ib weight in 1975.  The 1975




sampling even though totaling only four fish had a concentration range for 17.7




to 61.6 mg/kg wet weight, the highest reported  thus far along with the open water




MS-5 area samples reported  earlier with a range  of 4.7 to 45.2 mg/kg wet weight.




     Twenty-four samples were collected in  the  area MS-5, Lake Superior (Fig. 1)




in 1975.  These results were similar to those reported for Au Sable:  Fish <3




Ib, 0.54 and 0.51 mg/kg; fish 3 to 5 Ib, 1.95 and  1.20 mg/kg; and fish 5 to  10 Ib,




1.72 and 1.72 mg/kg, respectively, for area MS-5 and  Au Sable.  Samples reported




as being taken from Open Water  MS-5 show considerably higher median values,




namely:  14.8, 17.1, 27.2,  and  10.4 mg/kg, respectively, for fish < 3 Ib, 3  to




5 Ib, 5 to 10 Ib, and > 10  Ib.




     During three samplings taking place in Whitefish Bay, Michigan (area MS-6)




in Ma>, 1974, June, 1974, and May, 1975, 41 fish were collected for analysis




(Fig. 4c).  Overall range of PCB  concentrations  reported was 0.29 to 5.9 mg/kg




wet weight.  Median values  determined were:  0.38 rag/kg for five fish less than




3 Ib weight, 0.81 for three fish  3 to 5 Ib weight, and 1.2 for five fish 5

-------
                              -17-


                            Fig.  4c
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                                   -18-




Ib weight sampled  in May,  1974;  1.9 mg/kg  for  six  fish  3  to  5  Ib weight  and




5.2 for four fish  5 to 59  Ib weight sampled  in June,  1974; and 0.72 mg/kg  for




five fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.54  for  one  fish 3  to 5 Ib weight, and  1.9




for 12 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight sampled  in May,  1975.   In genera', the median




values showed an increase  in concentration with size  in each sampling period




but showed variable median concentrations  during the  three sampling periods.




     Eighteen fish samples u»re  collected  from an  area designated MS-6 (Fig. "1)




in 1975.  PCS concentrations ranged from 0.62  to 3.12 nig/kg, with median




values of 0.72 for fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.54 for a single fish 3 to  5 Ib




weight, and 1.87 mg/kg for fish  5 to 10 Ib weight.  These values were identical




to a similar series of samples designated  as coming from Whitefish Bay.




4.1.2.  Lake Michigan fFigs. 2 and 4 d-e).




     The range in  ?C3 concentrations found in  the  two saoplingi- at Escanaba,




Michigan, area MM-1, was 0.74 to 3.5 ing/kg wet weight (Fig. 4d).  The median




value for the three fish each less than 3  Ib weight collected  in January,  197-i




was 1.1 ag/kg, and for the six fish less than  3 Ib weight collected in Decr;m-




ber, 1975, 2.67 mg/kg.




     Six sanples collected in 1975 from area MM-1  in Lake Michigan (rig. 2)




showed concentrations ranging from 1.40 to 3.50 mg/kg with a median value cf




2.66 mg/kg for fish less than 3  Ib weight, which is identical  to the values




reported in 1975.for Escanaba.




     One fish sample was taken from the Beaver Island area in  lake Michigan in




1977 (Fig. 4d) and showed  a PCB  concentration  of 1.6 ng/kg wet weight for a fish




in the 5 to 10 Ib weight class.




     In 1975 12 fish were  sampled in an area designated as MM-5 in Lake Michigan




(Fig.  2 and 4d) ranged in  PCB concentration from 1.66 to 29.4 mg/kg.  The median




values were:   2.10 for seven fish less than 3  Ib weight, 4.19  for two fish 3 to




5 Ib weight,  and 23.6 for  three  fish 5 to  10 Ib weight.

-------

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                                -19-
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                                   -20-




     Also in  1975 nine  fish were collected from area M;!-6  (Fig. 2 and 4d)




in Lak£ Michigan with PCS concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 28.85 mg/kg wet




weight.  The  median values were:  2.61 mg/kg for four fish less than 3  Ib




weight, 6.56  for two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 23.5 for two fish less than 5 to




10 Ib weight, and 27.8  for one fish over 10 Ib weight.  One fish sanple was




obtained in 1974 and another in 1977 at Saugatuck, Michigan (MM-8) (Fig. 4d)




with PCS concentrations of 13. mg/kg for a fish weighing less than 3 Ib and




7.3 mg/kg for a fish in the 3 to 5 Ib class, respectively.




     Seven samples were collected from Sheboygan, Wisconsin (Fig 4d) during




1971 to 1977  with PCB concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 13.6 mg/kg and median




values as fellows:  7.8 for two fish 5 to 10 Ib weight caught in 1971;  9.8 for




two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight caught in 1973; 0.6 for one fish 3 to 5 Ib weight




caught in 1977.




     A series of fish samples was collected in the lower end of Lake Michigan




(Indiana) and the results reported by Koch  are shown in Fig. 4,_.  Five samples




of fish (each generally containing three fish) were collected in 1974,  11 in




1975, two in  April, 1976, 15 in June, 1975, 23 in October, 1976, 12 in April,




1977, and 12  in October, 1977.  Concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 122- rag/kg.




Since only length of fish was reported, estimates of body weight vere made fron




previously reported weight-length relationships (Appendix B).  Specific median




values determined follow:  1974, 44 mg/kg for four fish 5 to 10 Ib weight and




37 mg/kg for  one fish greater than 10 Ib weight;  1975, 8.6 mg/kg for four fish




3 to 5 Ib weight; 12.4 for six fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; 30 for one fish greater




than 10 Ib weight; April-June, 1976,  1.5 for five fish less than 3 Ib weight,




2.7 for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight,  5.3 for eight fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and




19.6 for one  fish greater than 10 Ib weight;  October,  1976, 11.5 for four fish




3 to 5 Ib weight, 55.2 for 15 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight,  and 71.8 for four fish




greater than  10 Ib weight (samples identified as  "fin clips" for this area);

-------
                        -21-
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                Lake Trout Data
                 Lake  Michigan
               6
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* Fin clips
  '76   '76*   4/77
 Apr.(2)  Oct.
June(15)
               SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN
                    INDIANA DATA
                                    10/77

-------
                                   -22-





April,  1977, 6.4  for one  fish  less than  3  Ib weight,  5.0  for  four  fish  3  to  5




Ib weight,  11.0 for six fish 5 to 10  Ib  weight,  and 29.9  for  one fish greater




than 10,Ib  weight; and October,  1977, 7.3  for  -cv.r fish 3 to  5  Ib  weight,  13.A




for six fish greater than 5 to 10 Ib  weight, and 20.4  for two fish greater than




10 Ib wei_.ht.  Overall these were among  the highest concentrations found  in  fish




and show a  general increase in levels with size  of fish (weight estimated  from




reported lengths) and also shov a general  increase in  levels  since 1976 except




for the October,  1976 sanples  which carried the  description "fin clips."




4.1.3.  Lake Huron  (See  Fig.  ±  and 4f).




     Eighteen fish samples were  collected  in 1975 from an area  in  Lake Huron




designated  MH-1 (Fig. 2).  Concentrations  ranged from  0.36 to 2.76 mg/kg wet




weight  (Fig. 4f).  The median  concentration for  12 fish less than  3 Ib weight




was 0.93 mg/kg and for six fish  3 to  5 Ib  weight  2.10  mg/kg.




     A  single sample was  collected in 1977 at Alpena,  Michigan on  Lake Huron




and showed  a PCS  concentration of 4.6 ag/kg for  a fish of  3 to 5 Ib weight, and




a single sample  taken from Lake Huron,  MH-5 (Fig. 2)  had  a PCS  concentration




of 5.7 mg/kg for  a 5 to 10 Ib  fish.




4.2. Yellow Perch  (Fig.  5).




     Preliminary  responses from  the commercial fishermen  questionnaire identified




yellow perch as the fish  species most frequently consumed  and/or consumed in




the largest quantity.  Information by source of  sampling  will now be summarized




identifying levels of contamination observed in  this fish  species.   The number of




samples ax-e rather limited amounting to only one or two fish sampled at any given




time from a given location, but  the data,  even though minimal, might be helpful




in identifying areas of higher concentration and the potential for increased




human exposure.




4.2.1.   Lake Michigan  (Fig.  2 and 5).




     Koch   reported data on yellow perch collected at the  lower  end of Lake

-------
            -23-
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    Lake  Trout  Data

       Lake  Huron
    10
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              ^
      _ 1975 1977 1975

         T-   CM   m
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-------
                             -24-
                                   Fig. 5
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-------
                                   -25-




Mtchigan in  1973  (one  fish  saaple  comprising  12  fish weighing 2.6  Ib),  1974




(two fish samples  each comprising  six  fish, one  weighing  1.6  Ib  the  other  2.0




Ib), and 1975  (two fish samples  one  weighing  3.1  Ib comprising five  fish and the




other  1.4 Ib comprising nine  fish).  In addition, a single  sample  (1.5  Ib) was




collected in 1971  (the number of fish  if sore than one  was  not indicated)  and




the PCB concentration  was reported at  3.0 mg/kg.  As shown  in Fig. 5, the  con-




centration of  PCB  in the sample  collected in  1973 was 2.4 mg/kg; the average




values for the two samples  each  collected in  1974 and 1975  were  0.20 and 0.99




mg/kg, respectively.




     Two samples collected  at Saugatuck, Michigan (MM-8)  in 1974 averaged  7.2




nig/kg  for fish under 3 Ib weight (Fig. 5).




     Samples were  collected at Sheboygan, Wisconsin over  the  period  1969 to 1973




(Fig. 5).   PCB concentrations reported during this period  follow:   1969,  12.6




mg/kg  for one  fish sample;  1970, 7.42  mg/kg for  one fish  sample; 1971,  average




11.4 jng/kg for two fish samples; 1972, average 0.4 mg/kg  for  cwo fish samples;




and 1973, average  7.8  mg/kg for  two  fish sacples.




4.2.2.  Lake H-jron (rigs. 2 and  5).




     Two samples of fish collected at  Alpena, Michigan  (MH-2)  in 1974 yielded an




average PCB concentration of  0.69 mg/kg.




4.2.3.  Lake St. Clair  (Figs. 2 and 5).




     An average PCB concentration of 1.2 mg/kg was reported for two  samples




collected in Lake  St.   Clair in 1975.




4.2.4.  Lake Erie   (Figs. 3 and  5).




     A series  of samples was  collected in Lake Erie at  Erie,  Pennsylvania.  Re-




ported concentrations  for fish less than 3 Ib weight were:  1969, 2.3 mg/kg for




one sample; 1970,  an average  of  2.4 mg/kg for two samples;  1971,  an  average of




1.1 mg/kg for  tvo  samples;  1972, an average of 1.6 mg/kg for  two samples; 1973,




an average of  0.75 mg/kg for  two samples; 1974, an average of  0.95 mg/kg for




two samples;  and 1977,  0.60 mg/kg for one fish sample.

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                                    -26-


 4.2.5.  Lake Ontario   (Figs. 3 and 5).


      A series of samples  was collected at Port Ontario, New York.  PCB con-


 centrations reported for fish less than 3 Ib weight follow:  1969, 7.1 mg/kg


 for a single fish sample; 1970, an average of 2.5 ag/kg for two fish samples;


 1971, an average of 7.4 tag/kg for two fish samples; 1972, an average of 6.2


 ag/kg for two fish samples; 1973, an average 5.2 mg/kg for two fish samples;


 and 1974, an average of 7.2 ng/kg for two fish samples.


      Two saaples of fish less than 3 Ib weight were collected in 1974 at Cape


 Vincent,  New York.   Average PCB concentration was 1.1 mg/kg for the two samples


 collected.


 4.2.6.   St.  Lawrence River  (Figs.  3 and 5).


      Samples were collected during the period 1970 to 1974  at Massena,  New York.


 Average PCB  concentrations for the two samples of fish less than 3  Ib weight


 taken each year were:   1970,  1.4  mg/kg;  1971, 2.1 mg/kg;  1972,  3.2  mg/kg;  1973,


 1.1 ag/kg; and 1974,  1.0 mg/kg.


 4.3.   Lake Vhitefish  (Fig.  6).


      Lake whitefish were identified  as the  second most  preferred fish  ir.  the


 preliminary  results of  the epidemiological  survey of  commercial  ."ishermen.   A


 few data  ere available  on levels  of  PCB  in  this  specie of fish taken  from  various
                             r

 locations in Lake Superior  and Lake  Huron  (Figs.  1  and 2).


 4.3.1.  Lake Superior   (Figs.  1 and  6) .


      A  few samples  of lake whitefish were collected over the period 1969 to  1977


 at  Bayfield, Wisconsin.   All fish collected weighed less than  3 Ib  (Fig.  6).


 PCB levels found  were as  follows:  1969, 2.0 mg/kg  for  oue  fish sample; 1970,


 average of 0.58 mg/kg for two samples; 1971, an average of 0.31 mg/kg for  two


 samples; 1974, 0.70 mg/kg for one sample; and  1977, 0.6 mg/kg for one fish sample.


     Six fish were  sampled at Calumet, Michigan (MS-3)  in 1974.  Levels of PCB


 reported (Fig. 6) were as follows:  0.83 mg/kg for three fish less than 3  Ib


weight, and  1.1 ing/kg for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight.

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 03
 i_
 
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                                   -28-




     In 1974, seven fish were sampled at Marquette, Michigan  (Fig. 6) wir.h PCB




levels as follows:  0.22 ng/kg for one fish under  3 Ib weight, 0.28 mg/kg for




four fish 3 to 5 Ib weight; and 0.38 mg/kg for  two fish 5 to  10 Ib weight.




4.3.2.  Lake Huron  (Figs. 2 and 6).




     Six fish each less than 3 Ib weight, were  collected from area MH-1 in 1975




and had a median PCB concentration of 0.22 mg/kg.




     One fish, weight less than 3 Ib, was taken at Alpena, Michigan in 1974 and




had a PCB concentration of 0.51 mg/kg.




     Several samples were collected from area MH-3 in 1975 and yielded the fol-




lowing results:  a median concentration of 0.38 mg/kg for five fish less than




3 Ib weight; and 0.22 mg/kg for three fish 3 to 5  Ib weight.




4.4.  Lake Herring.




     The fourth species of fish most preferred, as indicated by preliminary




data from the epidemiological survey of commercial fishermen was the lake herring.




Unfortunately, only one fish sample weight less than 3 Ib was collected in 1974




at Keweenaw Pt., Michigan on Lake Superior and  showed a PCB concentration of




1.1 mg/kg.




4.5.  Other Fish.




     A number of other species of fish were collected at various locations on the




Great Lakes or its tributaries and these data are summarized below.




4.5.1.  Fat Trout  (Fig. 5).




     Nineteen fish were sampled from area MS-1, nine from area MS-3,  and 24 from




area MS-5 in Lake Supei•jr in 1975.  The PCB concentrations varied from 1.7 to




61.6 mg/kg wet weight.  The median PCB concentrations reported were:   Area MS-1,




3.1 mg/kg for seven fish under 3 Ib weight, 4.0 mg/kg for seven fish 3 to 5 Ib




weight, and 6.3 mg/kg for five fish 5 to 10 Ib  weight; area MS-3, 8.4 rag/kg for




five fish less than 3 Ib weight, 11.3 mg/kg for two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight,  and




7.7 for two fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; and area MS-5, 14.8 mg/kg for six fish less




than 3 Ib. weight, 23.3 mg/kg for eight fish 3  to 5 Ib weight, 27.2 mg/kg for

-------
                                   -29-





 six  fish  5  to  10  Ib  weight,  and  20.A  mg/kg for  four fish greater than 10 Ib




 weight.




 4.5.2.  Brown  Trout   (Fig.  7).




     Brown  trout  were sampled  in area MH-2 Lake Huron  in 1975.   Six fish were




 sampled with the  following  results:   Three fish less than 3  Ib  weight,  0.64




 mg/kg; two  fish 3 to 5 Ib weight,  1.7 mg/kg;  and one fish 5  to  10 Ib weight,




 1.1  mg/kg.




 4.5.3.  Rainbow Trout  (Fig. 7).




     One  fish  sample was collected in Lake Erie at  Monroe, Michigan in  1975




 and  had a PCB  concentration  of 0.70 mg/kg  for a fish less than  3 Ib weight.




 4.5.4.  Carp   (Fig.  8).




     Carp were collected in  Lake Huron in  areas MH-A and MH-5 in 1975.   Results




 were as follows:   MH-4, 1.0  rag/kg  for three fish 3  to  5  Ib weight,  and  1.8  tag/kg




 for  five  fish  5 to 10 Ib weight; MH-5, O.AO ing/kg for  six fish  less than 3  Ib




 weight, 1.2 mg/kg for four fish  3  to  5 Ib  weight, and  2.8 mg/kg for two  fish




 5 to 10 Ib weight.




     Two  samples  of  fish were taken at Mt.  Clemens,  Lake St. Clair  in 197A  and




 1975 v^t>- the  following results:   1974, A.I mg/kg for  two fish  less than 3  Ib




 weight; and 1977,  5.7  mg/kg  for  one fish less than  3 Ib  weight,  and A.2  mg/kg




 for  one fish 3 to  5  ib weight.




     Samples were collected  form two  locations  on Lake Erie.  At Monroe,  Michi-




 gan, sampled in 1975,  PCB concentrations ranged from 1.0 to  6.5  mg/kg.   Specific




 median concentrations  were 2.A mg/kg  for five fish  less  than 3  Ib weight, 2.8




 for  six fish 3 to  5  Ib weight, and 3.9 for  one  fish 5  to 10  Ib weight.




     At Port Clinton,  Ohio a sample collected in  197A  showed a  concentration




 of 1.3 mg/kg for  a fish less than  3 Ib weight and in 1977 a  concentration of




 2.8 mg/kg for  two  fish less  than 3 Ib  weight.




     Two samples were  collected  from  the Genesee  River at Scottsville, New




York in 1977 and  had  an average concentration of  2.5 ng/kg for two  fish  less

-------
                                   -30-
                                    ..Fig.  7
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                               Fig.   8
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                                   -32-




than 3 Ib weight.




     A-single sanple collected from Lake Ontario at Port Ontario, New York




in 1970 had a PCS concentration of 1.0 ng/kg for a fish less  than 3  Ib weight.




4.5.5.  Catfish   (Fig. 8).




     Catfish were sampled in  1975 from Lake St.. Clair ar.J Lake Erie at Monroe,




Michigan and in  1977 from Lake Ontario at Port Ontario, New York.  The Lake




St. Clair samples were higher in PCS levels than those collected from the other




two sites.  Specific concentrations observed were:  Lake St.  Clair,  7.7 mg/kg




for or.e fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 6.0 Kg/kg for two fish 5 to  10 Ib weight;




Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan, 4.8 rag/kg (range 0.36 to 6.5 mg/kg) for 6 fish




less than 3 Ib weight; and Lake Ontario at Port Ontario ai> average of 4.9 ag/kg




for two fish less than 3 Ib weight.




4.5.6.  Channel  Catfish  (tig. 8).




     Two samples of channel catfish were collected in 1977 at Port Ontario,




New York on Lake Ontario and had an average PC3 concentration of 4.9 for the




two fish less than 3 Ib weight.




4.5.7.  Walleye   (Fig. 6).




     Walleye were collected from Lake St. Clair, Lake Erie, and the  Genesee




River.  The results were as follows:  Lake St. Clair a;: Mount Clemens:  1974,




12.0 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight, and 1977, 5.7 mg/kg for one fish




less than 3 Ib weight; Lake St. Clair:  1975, 0.50 mg/kg for  four fish less than




3 Ib weight, and 0.85 mg/kg  (range 0.01 to 8.40) for eight fish 3 to 5 Ib weight;




Lake Erie ?.t Monroe, Michigan:  1975, 0.70 ng/kg for six fish less than 3 Ib




weight; Lake Erie at Port Clinton, Ohio:  1974, 5.7 mg/kg for one fish less than




3 Ib weight, and 1977, 1.5 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight; Genesee




River at Scottsville, New York:  1969, 1.2 mg/kg for one. fish less than 3 Ib




weight, 1971, 1.0 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight, and 3.3  mg/kg for




one fish 3 to 5  Ib weight,  and 1973, 2.6 ng/kg for two fish less than 3 Ib




weight.

-------
                                   -33-




4.5.8.  Sucker  ("ig. 6\




     Sucker  were sampled  in Lakes Michigan, Huron,  and Erie, and  in  the Gene-




see River.  Results for  fish less than 3 Ib weight follow:  Lake Michigan, at




Sheboygan, Wisconsin:  1969, 1.9 T2g/kg for one fish  and 1974, i.8  ng/kg for




two samples; Lake Huron  (area MH-1):  1975, 0.63 ag/kg for six fish;  Lake




Huron at Alpeaa, Michigan  (area MH-2):  1974, 0.46 mg/kg for one fish and




1977, 0.80 mg/kg for three fish; Lake Erie at Erie.  Pennsylvania:   1969, 2.5




mg/kg for one fish, 1970, 2.1 -ng/V.i; for one fish, 1971, 1.3 ng/kp,  for two




fish, 1572, 2.2 ag/kg for ore fish, 1974, 0.35 mg/kg for one fish, and 1977,




0.45 mg/kg for two fish: and the Genesee River at Scottsville, New York:  1969,




1.5 mg/kg for one fish,  1970, 1.6 mg/kg for one fish, 1971, 1.2 mg/kg for two




fish, and 1973, 2.2 mg/kg for one fish.




4.5.9.  Red Sucker  (Fig. 9).




     This species was sampled only in The Genesea liver, Scottsvilla, New




York.  Results for fish  less than 3 ib weight were:  1970, l.S ag/kg  for one




sample; 1972,  1.4 mg/kg  for one fish; and 1974, 0.42 ag/kg for one fish.




4.5.10.  Bloater  (Fie.  7).




     Bloater were sampled frcn several locations on  Lakes Superior and Michi-




gan.  At Bayfxeld, Wisconsin on Lake Superior, ?CB concentrations reported




for samples weighing less than 3 Ib weight, collected during the period 1969




to 1974, were:  1969, 3.5 mg/kg for one fish; 1970,  0.89 mg/kg for one fish;




1971, 0.76 mg/kg for two fisn;  and 1974,  2.0 ig/kg for two fish.




     At Calumet, Michigan on Lake Superior (area MS-3) the median PCS concen-




tration for five fish 3  to 5 Ib weight collected in  1974 was 0.52 mg/kg.




     The concentration in fish less than 3 Ib weight at Keweenaw Point,  Michi-




gan, Lake Superior (area MS-3)  was 0.70 mg/kg for two fish collected in 197-i




and 1.2 mg/kg  for two fish collected in ?977.




     Six fish  weighing 5 to 10 Ib caught  off Marquette,  Michigan  in Lake Sup-




erior (area MS-4)  had a median concentration of 0.60 mg/kg.  Fish collected

-------
            -34-
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-------
                                    -35-




at  Saugatuck,  Michigan on  Lake Michigan (area  MM-8)  in 1974 showed a PCB




concentration  of  4.2  tag/kg for one fish less than 3  Ib weight and in 1977,




3.2 =g/kg  for  two fish less than 3 Ib  weight.




     A  series  of  fish sasples  less than 3  ID weight  was collected at. Sheboy-




gan, Wisconsin on Lake Michigan during the period 1969 to  1977.   Results were:




1969, 12.4 eg/kg  for  one sample;  1970,  4.4 mg/kg  for two samples;  1971,  2.4




mg/kg for  two  sanplej;  1973,  12.3  =g/kg for two fish;  1974,  5.4 ng/kg for two




fish; and  1977, 2.4 aig/kg  for  two  fish.




     A  single  fish less than  3 Ib  weight was caught  in 1977  at Beaver Island,




Michigan,  Lake Michigan (area  MM-3)  and had a  PCB concentration of 6.8 mg/kg.




4.5.11.  Burbot.




     This  species of  fish  was  collected froa Lake Michigan  at Escanaba,  Michi-




gan (area  MM-1) in 1974 and 1975.   Results were:   1974,  0.23  mg/kg for two fish




3 to 5  Ib  weight,  and 5.6  zg/kg for  one fish 5 to 10 Ib  weight; and 1975, 0.24




mg/kg for  six  fish less than 3 Ib  weight.




4.5.12.  White Bass   (rig.  9).




     White bass were  collected form Lakes  St.  Clair  and  Erie.  In  1975,  five




fish less  than 3  Ib weight  from Lake St. Clair had a PCB concentration of 0.60




mg/kg (range 0.01  to  1.1).  A  single fish  less than  3  Ib weight froa Mt.  Clemens,




Michigan, collected in  1974 had a  PCB  concentration  of  3.1 mg/kg.




     Seven fish less  than  3 Ib weight  taken in 1975  at Monroe, Michigan  on Lake




Erie had a concentration of 1.8 mg/kg  (range 0.50-3.30) and one fish less than




3 Ib weight fron  Lake Erie  at  Port Clinton,  Ohio  caught  in  1974 had  a concentra-




tion of 12.0 tag/kg.




4.5.13.  Rock  Bass  (Fig.  9).




     Rock bass were taken from the Genesee River  at  Scottsville, New York and




Port Ontario on Lake  Ontario in New  York.   The results for fish less than 3 Ib




weight taken from  the Genesee  River  were:   1969,  0.39 mg/kg for one  fish; 1970,




1.5 mg/kg for  one  fish, 1971,  0.55 ng/kg for two  fish; and 1973, 0.28  rag/kg for




one fish.

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                                    -36-




4.5.14.  Smallaouth 3ass   (Fie.  9).




     Two samples of this  fish were  taken  from tha  St.  Lawrence River at Massena,




N'ew York' in 1971.  Results averaged 4.70  mg/kg  (range  3.3  to 6.1)  for the two




fish less than 3 Ib weight.




4.5.15.  White Perch   (Fig. 9).




     During the period  1969 to  ^"'A seven samples  of white perch under 3 Ib




weight wtre collected at  Port Ontario, New York on Lake Ontario.   Results were:




1969, 7.7 mg/kg for one fish; 1970, 4.7 ag/kg Ser  one  fish; 1971,  9.8 mg/kg




for two fish; 1972, 5.6 mg/kg for one fish;  1977,  3.5  tag/kg for one fish; and




1974, 14.1 mg/kg for one  fish.




4.5.16.  Northern Pike  (Fig. 9).




     This specie  of fish was sampled during 1970  to 1974 at Scottsville, New




York on the Genesee River and Massena, New York on the St. Lawrence River.




Results were:  Genesee River:   1970, 0.85 for one  fish less than 3 Ib weight;




1972, 1.8 mg/kg for one f.ish less than 3  ib weight; and 1974, 0.98 nig/kg for




one fish less than 3 Ib weight;  St. Lawrence River:  1970, 0.85 mg/kg for one




fish less than 3 Ib weight; 1972, 3.6 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight,




and 19.0 mg/kg for one fish 3 to 5 Ib weight; 1973, 2.6 mg/kg for one fish less




than 3 Ib weight; and 1974, 3.5 ag/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight.




4.5.17.  Fresh Water Drum (Fig. 9).




     This fish was sampled in Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan and Erie, Pennsyl-




vania.  The PCB concentrations  in fish less than 3 Ib  weight were:  Monroe:




0.01 aig/kg (range 0.01 to 1.2 ng/kg) for nine fish sampled in 1975; and Erie:




1969, 1.9 mg/kg for one fish; 1970, 2.5 mg/kg for  one  fish; 1971,  l.i mg/kg




for two fish;  1972, 2.5 tag/kg for one fish; and 1974,  1.8 mg/kg for one fish.




4.5.18.  Black Crappie.




     Two fish were sampled at Scottsville, New York on the Genesee River in 1974




and yielded 0.8S mg PCB/kg for  fish less than 3 Ib weight.

-------
                                     -37-
4.5.19.  Brovn Bullhead.

     A siagla sample was  collected  in  1574  at  Cape Vincent,  Lake  Ontario,  and

showed a concentration of 3.2 mg/kg for  a fish less than  3  Ib  weight.

^.r.20.  Muskie.

     Two fish were collected from Lake St.  Clair  in 1975  each  weighing  core  than

10 Ibs.  ?Ci. concentrations ranged  from  0.01 to 3.0 sag/kg with an average  value

of 1.5 mg/kg.

A.5.21.  Salmon   (Fig. 7).

     In 1975, six saloon  weighing less than -3  Ib  each were  taken  from Lake Erie

at Monroe, Michigan and had a median PCB concentration of 0.50 mg/kg  (range  0.01

to 1.00 mg/kg).

4.5.22.  Chinook Salmon   (Fig. 7).

     These fish were taken from lower  Lake  Michigan in Indiana, Lake Huron (area

MH-3), and Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan.   Concentrations reported were as follows:

Lower  Lake Michigan:  1973, 12.4 mg/kg  for one fish greater than 10 Ib weight; 1974,

12.3 T2g/kg for two fish greater than 10  Ib  weight;  1975,  8.8 ag/kg for  one fish 5  to

10 Ib weight; and 1977, 5.2 mg/kg (range 2.5 to 7.3 mg/kg) for two fish greater than

10 Ib weight; Lake Huron:  1975, 1.3 mg/kg  for  four fish  less  than 3 Ib weight, 0.77

og/kg for two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 3.0 mg/kg  for one fish 5 to 10 Ib weight,

and Lake Erie:   1975, 0.40 mg/kg (range  0.01 to 0.40 ng/kg) for five fish  less than

3 Ib weight.

4.5.23.  Cisco.

     Several Cisco under  3 Ib weight were taken from Lake Superior in 1974 from

Calumet,  Michigan (area MS-3) and Marquette, Michigan (area MS-4).  Results were:

Calunet,  0.85 mg/kg for six fish;  Marquette, 0.19 mg/kg for three fish.

A.5.24.  Smelt.

     Results on only one  fish less  than  3 Ib weight  were  reported and amounted to

0.65 =g/kg.   This sample was collected in 1975  from  ?>ake  Huron (area MK-1).

5.0.   Discussion.

     As stated  earlier,  the four fish  species in order of preference, as indicated

-------
                                      -38-

fron a preliminary evaluation of the references of commercial fishermen  in  the

Great Lakes area, were yellow  perch, lake whitefish, lake herring, and  lake trout.

The most extensive data available for review were those pertaining to lake  trout,

particularly data available froa the State of Michigan, which collected  samples

from Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron in  1975.

     Since samples were collected in different years, to get a true representation

of change.'; in PCB concentrations levels it would have been desirable to  have data on

the age of the fish caught for analysis.  Unfortunately, such data were  nor. available

and relations, therefore, had to be established between weight and length, between
                                           ^v,
length and PCB concentration, and between weight and PCB concentration.  Weight-length

relationships were desirable when the data contained one of these parameters and not

the other.  Age of fish would have helped in attempts to relate PCB concentration ai:d

to reported lengths or weights of fish.

5.1.  Lake Trout.

     To define the nature of the distribution of PCS levels in lake trout some of the

data reported specifically for areas MS-3, MS—i, MS-5, and MS-6 for Lake Superior

were plotted on log probability paper and established the fact that levels followed

a geometric distribution rather than an arithmetic one.  The plot (Fig.  10) indicates

that for this distribution of lake trout data, the 50 percent value or geometric mean
                                                                       x
amounted to 1,3 ng/Vg with a geometric standard deviation of 2.21 (M/g\ 7-£T"}g\ =
    x
1.3 T 2.21).  If the assumption is nade that this distribution is characteristic of

all lake trout in Lake Michigan, these da^a show that only 4.5 percent of the fish

would exceed the current FDA permissible concentration in fish tissue of 5 mg/kg.  If

the value is reduced to 2 mg/kg than approximately 29 percent of the fish would exceed

this value.

     If these same data were replotted in the basis of the three fish weights— < 3,

3 to 5,  and 5 to 10 Ib, the distributions are those shown in Fig. 11.   It will be

noted that much greater variations occur in the fish under 3 Ib, but the other two

distributions by weight are consistant and' show the log normal distribution.  The

approximate characteristics of these three curves are:  For fish less  than 3 Ib

-------
                                -39-
                                 Fig. 10
                    Lake Trout - Lake Superior
                        1975  Michigan Data
    10,0
'
     1,0
             o  MS-3

             A  MS-4

             A  MS-5

             •  MS-6
o
E

CO
o
G.
     0,1
                     O.A
       0.01 0.05 Gi0.2 0.5  1  2   5  10   20  30.4050 60 70 80  90  95..- 98 99

                       Percent £ than Stated Value        '. -

-------
                                   -40-
                                  Fig. 1 1
    10
o
O5
£
a
o
Q.
    0.1
           o MS-3
           • MS-4
           * MS-5
           A MS-6
                      Lake Trout - Lake Superior
                          1975  Michigan Data
   3-5*
     0.01  0.05 OJ 02  0.5 1  2   5  10   20 30 40 50 60 TO 80   90  95
                       Percent 
-------
                                      -41-
  .XX                                            X
M/£\iCT/®\' 0.64 i 2.14 sag/kg; for tha 3 to 5 Ib weight,  1.13 ; 1.81 mg/kg; and for
                           x
the 5 to 10 Ib weight 1.94 T  1.80 mg/kg.  Further examination of these data shows

that approximately 0.35 percent of the less than 3 Ib weight fish, less than 0.7

percent of the 3 to 5 Ib weight fish, and almost 5.5 percent p.f. che 'j to 10 Ib

weight fish would exceed the  present FDA value of 5 mg/kg PCf> in fish.  If the value

is reduced to 2 mg/kg these values could increase to approximately 7 percent, 17.5

percent, and 49 percent, respectively.

      Included here by way  of examples are  two plots  (Figs.  12  and  13) which

 attempted  to ascribe a relation between either length and PCB  concentrations

 or  weight  and PCB  concentrations.   It will be seen that a correlation is not

 readily apparent,  however,  one can speculate  that  a  possible relationship

 exists  between length and  PCB concentration.   As can be seen in the  logarithmic

 plot  in Fig.  14, the correlation between PCB  body  burden in mg and weight in

 grains was .much improved.   The data used to develop this plot were  those reported

 for the four sampling areas in Lake Superior.

 5.1.1.   Variation  in Lake  Trout  Correlations  by Location.

     Reference to  Figs. 4a-f show   the variation in  PCB concentrations with

 weight  and  by location.  As indicated earlier,  lake  trout samples  to.ken from

 Lake Superior designated as MS-3,  MS-4,  and MS-5,  generally showed lower con-

 centrations than did fish  taken  from point-designated sources.   If the assump-

 tion is made  that  the  area samples  came from open water and the point samples

 from near-snore locations,  the differences might be  accounted  for  by  the fact

 that the fish taken  from near-shore  areas  were exposed  to higher concentrations

 in  the  bottom muds  that were deposited in  these areas.   Fish taken from the

 areas indicated might have  been  exposed  to deeper  waters and to  contributions

 of  PCB  primarily from precipitation  or dry fallout following uptake  through

 the food chain.  Near-shore fish were exposed to higher concentrations in

 bottom  muds contributed form discharges  from  tributaries receiving surface

 runoff  as well as  direct discharge  from  point sources.  Other factors  which

 could effect  differences in  PCB concentrations  would  be the food chain of

-------
                         -42-
   100
=  10
 D)
'o
 O
^

 CT
£
m"
CL   1.0
   0.1
                            Fig. 12
            Lake Trout   1975 Michigan Data
           o  Lake Superior
           *  Lake Michigan
           a  Lake Huron
                                             O
                                             0
                              A
  0
  0
0°   oO°
    9
                                               0
                               8,
                         a o
                          a  o   °^ °
                              a
                            o  o
                                   o
                   10      15.     20    25     30     35
                        Length, inches
   ^.,-^-i^t.*. ^..	—-rf •—'-"-r— ^r-ti

-------
                         -43-
                       Fig. 13

                    Lake  Trout
                1975 Michigan Data
100
       o  Lake Superior
       *  Lake Michigan
       a  Lake Huron
 10
   cr
1.0
                   Pn o
                                         *A A
0.1
             I   1 1
                              1   1
  o.:
     i.o               10
            s
PCB, mg/kg (wet weight)
50

-------
                            -44-
C)
c
o
T3

D
m
o
CQ

CO
o
Q.
   10
   0.1
     10
                          Fig. 14


                    Michigan Data

              LAKE TROUT - LAKE SUPERIOR
              MS-3

              MS-4

              MS-5

              MS-6
                                     •    o

                                 A  A  A •
ilo-
                       Weight, grams
                10

-------
                                     -45-




fish caught  in deep water versus  those taken  from near-shore  areas.   Since




information  is not given on actual  sample  locations,  the  above  reasoning  is




purely speculative.




     If the  levels reported thus  far, primarily 19"M and  1975, but with values




as recent as 1977, are still indicative of fish concentrations  today, it will




be seen from a further examination of Figs. 4a-f that there are  a number of




areas where  fish PC3 levels exceed the current FDA limit  of 5 ng/kg and if the




level is lowered to 2 mg/kg that many acre fish would exceed  this limit.  Areas




exceeding the 5 mg/kg level, in terms of median concentrations, include Isle




Royale for fish in the 5 to 10 Ib weight g'-oup; Ontanagon, 3  to 5 Ib; Calumet,




all weight groupings at different times; Marquette, 3 to  5 Ib and 5 to 10 Ib;




Open water area (MS-5) for all weight groups; Grand Marais, 3 to 5 and 5 to




10 Ib; Whitefish Bay, some fish in the 5 to 10 Ib group;  Escanaba, less than




3 Ib; Saugatuck, less than 3 Ib and 3 to 5 It; Sheboygan, 3 to  5 and 5 to 10




Ib; and southern Lake Michigan (Indiana data), all weight groupings.  The




highest levels reported generally were in fish collected  in Marquette, Grand




Marais, and  southern Lake Michigan areas.




     Some tne above observations are based upon the analysis  of very few fish,




but with the normal geometric variation indicated for these data, one can




expect considerable variation from thes
-------
                                     -46-






of  5  ag/kg.   From the data indicated and based .On the most recent levels found




in  one  or two fish sampled,  all of  the remaining areas sampled would apparently




meet  even the proposed 2  mg/kg limit.   However, this sratenent if. based on the





very  few samples collected at a given time or place.   It would be of value to




determine levels in yellow perch at other locations if they are present in




those waters, but most important would be further sample collections to obtain




information  on the variation in levels that can occur in this species at thsse




critical locations,  namely,  Saugatuck, Sheboygan, and Port Ontario.




5.3.  Lake Uhitefish.




      The second most preferred species of fish identified by commercial fisher-




men was  the  lake whitefish.   Relatively few data are available as indicated  in




Fig.  6  and all results reported were below the present FDA level of  5 mg/kg




and the proposed level of 2  mg/kg.




5.I*.  Lake Herring.




      ThrLs was the fourth  most preferred fish as indicated by the coiaraercial




fishermen.   Little information was  available on levels of PCB in this species




of  fish  since only one value was reported from a sample taken at Keweenaw Point




on  Lake  Superior in  1974.  The PCB  level reported at  that time was 1.1 mg/kg




for a fish less than 1 Ib weight.   There is need to obtain more information  on




this  species of fish,  not only because it is consumed by man.  but because it  may




be  a  major factor in the  prey-predator ecological system in Lake Superior.




5.5.  Other  Fish.




      A number  of  other fish  were sampled at various locations and at  various




times.   The  significance  of  findings  relating to these will be discussed in




this  section.   Fat trout  (see Fig.  5)  data  indicate an increase in concentration




as  a  function  of  fish weight  ana location Jn Lake Superior with the  lowest levels




recorded  in  samples  collected in the western end of the lake  and increasing  as




one moved  eastward.   If the  levels  indicated for 1975 are still valid the median




values for the  5  to  10 Ib  fish from  area MS-1,  and all other  *ish taken from
                                                     Mjgntrfrfu

-------
areas MS-3 and MS-5 exceed the current 5 ag/kg FDA limit.  All median values




indicated would exceed the proposed level of 2 ng/kg.




      Soae  individual  levels  of walleye  (Fig.  6)  exceeded the 5 ng/kg F3A liait




but vhere  rsore  samples were  collected all cedian values were below 1 mg/kg.




Data  shown In Fig.  6  for  sucker   indicated  higher levels of  PC3  present  in a




sanple collected  at Sheboygan in  1969 as compared to  two samples collected in




1974.  In  general,  all other fish concentrations were in the range of 0.1 to




1.0 ng/kg.




      Bloater  (Fig. 7) showed high concentrations in  samples taken at Saugatuck,




Sheboygan,  and  Beaver Island.




      Levels in  both brown and rainbow trout were low  (Fig. 7).




      Salmon levels  at Monroe were lov for fish less than 3 Ib weight.  Analysis




for chinook salmon  collected in lower Lake Michigan showed a reduction in concen-




tration with time for fish greater than 10 Ib weight.   The av-rage value for two




samples collected in  1977 was slightly greater than 5  ag/kg.  Fish less  than 3




Ib weight  had concentrations in the 0.01 to 0.4  ng/kg  range.  Cisco levels at




Calumet had a median  concentration of 0.85 Eg/kg and  at  Marquette  0.19 ng/kg.




      Highest carp concentrations  were observed in T,ake St. Clair and Lake Erie,




but all median  or average values  were below 5 mg/kg (Fig. 8).




      Median catfish concentrations for fish less than  3  Ib weight  were higher




than  those  indicated  for carp, and all were in the range of  5 mg/kg  (Fig. 8).




Two channel catfish sanples  averaged less than 5 mg/kg (Fig. 8).




     White bass concentrations varied with location,  the highest concentration




(in excess of 10  mg/kg) was  reported for a single sample of  fish taken at Port




Clinton in 1974 (Jig. 9).  Rock bass samples collected only  from Port Ontario




fluctuated somewhat ranging with  time from about  2.5 to  7 mg/kg  (Fig. 9).




Additional samples are needed to  confirm the levels indicated, since several of




the samples exceeded  the 5 mg/kg  FDA limit.  Two  small nouth bass  samples aver-




aged -i.7 zg/kg for fish under 3 Ib weight (Fig.  9).

-------
      Khite perch at Pore Ontario (Fig. 9) fluctuated from 3.5 to 1A.1 tag/kg.




 With orje exception, when two samples were taken, all values are for single




 saaples.   In  addition,  the  last  value reported  in 1974  was the highest value




 indicated.




      Northern pike  (Fig.  9)  showed  lower levels  in the  Genesee River  but  higher




 levels  in the-St. Lawrence  River at Massens:  the highest  concentration (19.0




 rag/kg)  was  reported for a 3  to 5 Ib fish;  lower  concentrations,  ranging from




 2.6  to  5.9  nig/kg, were  observed  for fish less than 3  Ib weight.




      The three red  sucker samples (Fig.  9)  collected  from  the  Genesee River




 were all below 2 ng/kg.




      Fresh  water drum samples taken iron Xonroe  were  below 2 mg/kg  in concen-




 tration whereas  those taken at Erie,  Pa. were in the  range of  1.1  to  2.6  ng/kg




 (Fig. 9).




      Burbot samples (Table A-2)  taker, froa  Lake  Michigan were  low for fish less




 than 3  Ib and 3  to  5 Ib,  but a single sample of  a 5 to  10  Ib fish yielded a  ?CB




 concentration of 5.6 ng/kg.




      Two  sanples of nuskie  taken from the lake St. Clair averaged 1.5 mg/kg.




      A  single smelt sample taken in Lake Huron in 1975  showed  a  concentration of




 0.65  sg/kg.   It is  unfortunate that no more samples were collected  of smelt,




 since they  are consumed  extensively at particular times  of  the year,  and, in




 addition, they constitute a major portion of food supply of lake predators.  To




 provide a better understanding of food chain relationships  additional analysis



 should  be carried out.




      In many  cases, the data reported  for the various fish  species  encountered




 are extrenely  few,  making any valid  interpretations extremely  difficult, if not




 impossible.   Since  fish constitute  the aajor exposure route to man, more inform-




 ation is needed on  PC3 concentrations  in fish, particularly in these  areas where




higher  levels have  been observed.




 5.6.   Specie Differences  in PCS  Concentrations.




      Comparisons can be aade of  species  collected  in  the sane  general 'location

-------
                                      -49-




to identify  increased  concentrations  and uptake.




5.6.1.   Lake Superior^




     Multiple species  of  fish were  collected  at Bayfield  (lake trout,  whitefish,




and  bloater);  at  Calumet  (lake trout,  whitefish,  bloater,  Cisco);  at Keweenaw




Point  (lake  trout,  lake herring,  bloater); MS-3  (lake  trout,  fat  trout); Mar-




quette  (lake trout,  whitefish,  bloater, Cisco); and MS-5  (lake trout,  fat  trout).




     At JJayfield  the whitefish and  bloater sampled were less  than  3 Ib weight




and  the  concentration  in  bloater  (0.76-3.5 ag/kg) was  just a  little higher than




that for whitefish  (0.31  to  2.0 ag/kg), whereas the lake  trout sampled were in




the  3 to 5 Ib  class  (1.4  to  2.8 mg/kg) and 5  to JO Ib  class (1.5  to 2.7 mg/kg).




     At  Calumet the  concentrations  of  PCB in  fish less than 3  Ib were  lake trout




> whitefish  =  Cisco; in the  3 to  5  Ib  class,  lake trout > whitefish > bloater;




no whitefish,  bloater,  or cisco were  caught in the 5 to 10 or  greater  than 10




Ib class to  compare  with  lake trout in this weight range.




     At  Keweenaw  Point  the lake trout  and bloater sampled  were in  different




veight classes and cannot be compared.  Bloater and lake  herring concentrations




were apparently equal for the less  than 3 Ib  weight class.




     Fat trout iaken fron area MS-3 were 30 to 100 times  higher in concentration




for  respective weight sizes  compared  to lake  trout.




     At Marquette concentration differences for the less  than  3 Ib weight  were




lake trout > whitefish  «  cisco; for the 3 to  5 Ib weight,  lake trout > whitefish; |




and for  the  5  to  10  Ib  weight,  lake trout > bloater.                              j




     At MS-5,  concentrations  in fat trout exceeded those  reported  for  lake trout




by 227,  262, and  520 times for  "eights less than 3 Ib, 3  to 5  Ib,  and  5 to  10 Ib, |




respectively.




5.6.2.   Lake Michigan.




     Multiple  species of  fish were collected  from Lake Michigan at the following




points:  Escanaba (lake trout,  burbot); Saugatuck (lake trout,  yellow  perch,




bloater); Sheboygan  (lake  trout, yellow perch, sucker, bloater); and lower Lake




Michigan (lake trout, y=.ilow  perch, chinook salmon).
                                           \

-------
                                    -50-




     At Escanaba the lake  trout exceeded the concentration for burbot in the




less than 3 Ib weight class.




     At Saugatuck the concentration order was lake trout > yellow perch>




bloater, for the less than 3 Ib weight class.




     AtSheboygan for the less than 3 Ib weight class  the order was yellow perch =




bloater > sucker.  Lake trout campled were all larger than the < 3 Ib size.




     Fish species collected in lower Lake Michigan showed the following concen- •




tration patterns:  less than 3 Ib weight, lake trout  > yellow perch; and greater




than 10 Ib weight, lake trout > chinook salmon.




5.6.3.  Lake Huron.




     Several species of fish were collected from each of the following areas




on Lake Huron:  MH-1 (le.ke trout, whitefish, sucker,  smelt); Alpena (lake trout,




yellow perch, wtitefish, sucker); and MH-3 (whitefish and chinook salnon).




     At MH-1 the order of  concentration was lake trout > smelt = sucker > white-




fish for fish less than 3  Ib weight.




     The order for ccncentration at Alpena for the less than 3 Ib group was




yellow perch = sucker > whitefish.




     At MH-3 the order for both the less than 3 Ib and 3 to 5 Ib groups was




chinook salmon > whitefish.




5.6.q.  Lake St. Clair.




     Species collected in  Lake St. Clair were catfish, yellow perch, white bass,




and auskie and at Mt. Clemens along Lake St. Clair, carp, walleye, and white




bass.




     For Lake St. Clair the order of concentrations was yellow perch > white




bass > walleye in the less than 3 Ib group, and catfish > walleye for the 3 to




5-Ib class; at Mt. Clemens the order was walleye > carp > white bass.




5.6.5.  Lake Erie.




     Species collected at  points on Lake Erie included carp, catfrsh,  walleye,




white bass, fresh water drun, rainbow trout, salmon,  and chinook salnon at

-------
                                    -51-




Monroe; carp, walleye, and white bass at Port Clinton; and yellow perch,




sucker, and fresh water drum at Erie.




     At Monroe, Michigan the order of concentrations found for the less than




3 Ib weight size was catfish >carp  >white bass > walleye = rainbow trout >




salmon  >Chinook salmon  >fresh water drum; at Port Clinton, Ohio the order




was white bass  >yellow perch >sucker; at Erie, Pennsylvania the order was




fresh water drum > sucker >yellow perch.




5.6.6.  Lake Ontario.




     Sampling locations and species collected from Lake Ontario were Port Ont-




ario (carp, catfish, yellow perch, rock bass, channel catfish, 2nd white perch),




and Cape Vincent (yellow perch, brown bullhead).




     For Port Ontario the order of PCS concentrations in fish leys than 3 Ib




weight was white perch > yellow perch > catfish = channel catfish > rock bass




> carp; and at Cape Vincent the order was brown bullhead >yellow perch.




5.6.7.  Genesee River at Scottsville, Hew York.




     Several species of fish were collect at Scottsville and included carp,




walleye, sucker,  red bass,  red sucker, black crappie, and Northern pike.  The




order of concentration was carp > walleye > sucker > red sucker = Northern pike




> black crappie >rock bass for fish under 3 Ib weight.




5.6.8.  St. Lawrence River,  Massena, New York.




     Three species of fish were sampled at Massena, namely:   yellow perch, small




mouth bass, and Northern pike.   The order of concentration for fish under 3 Ib




weight was small mouth bass > Northern pike >yellow perch.




     From the specie concentrations indicated above,  there are specie differences




at different locations.  This statement is based on a very limited number of




analysis in many instances and may not truly reflect  intake considerations.  Such




information is of general interest in that it identifies those species which have




the highest concentrations,  reflects on the food chain habits of the fish, and




helps identify their ecological niche in Great Lake waters in relation to the

-------
                                     -52-

characteristics of these waters.  Much more information is needed.  Overall,

based on areas from which the fish were obtained, it appears that' the highest

concentrations reported were for lake trout taken froa: the lower end of Like

Michigan and from the Open water area and Grand Marais in eastern i-ake Superior.

Similar high values were reported for fat trout taken from the same area of

Lake Supeiior.

6.0.  References.

      1.  Great Lakes Environmental Contamination Survey-1975, Michigan Depart-
          ment of Agriculture in conjunction with Michigan Department of Natural
          Resources, Michigan Department of Health, Food and Drug Administration.

      2.  United States Fish and Wildlife Data.  STORE! EPA KBS 4Y, September 10,
          1980.

      3.  United States Fish and Wildlife Data.  STORET EPA KBS 1C, August 20,
          1980.

      4.  Fish Data-Upper Peninsula, Michigan,  STORET EPA KBS 19, August 20, 1980.

      5.  Fish Data-Upper Peninsula, Michigan,  STORET E.  , KBS 1A, Agusut 20, 1980.

      6.  Koch, R.A., Contaminant Levels in the Fishes of Southern Lake Michigan,
          1973-1978.  Fisheries Section, ludi.ina Department of Natural Resources,
          Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indianapolis, Indiana  46204 (1979).

-------
                                    -53-
             TABLE A.I.   Summarv of Lake Trout Data  Examined
Location

Lake Superior,
Bayfield, Wisconsin
Lake Superior, Isle
Royale (MI) MS-1
(Keweenaw County).
Sampling Dace
    1969
    1970
    1971
    1972
    1974
    1977
    May,
    1974
                         May,
                         1975
 Lake Superior, Ontonagon
 (MD-MS-2 (Ontonagon
 County)                 June,
                         1974

                         July,
                         1974
 Lake Superior, Calumet (MI)
 MS-3 (Keweenaw County)  Feb.,
                         1974
                         May,
                         1974
                         June,
                         1974
                         July,
                         1974

                         May,
                         1975
PCB ng/kg (wet wgt.)
 Md.     Hanee
Analysis  Size, ib
2.84
1.29
1.41
2.15
2.7
1.5
                                      0.73
                                      1.8
                                      3.33
                  ,07
                  ,04
                                      6.29
                 0.38
                 0.69
                 1.66
                   25
                   32
                   48
                   94
                8.62
                5.47

                5.8
                2.20
                3-: 30
                                              (1.10-1.72)
                                              (1.30-3.00)
       (0.33-5.66)
       (1.4-2.8)
       (1.99-5.99)

       (1.73-3.84)
       (2.17-7.37)
       (3.47-13.03)
2.25
8.80
2.69
6.57
4.99
(1.60-3.87)
(1.11-14.40)
(0.43-3. 85)
(4.18-11.40)
(3.57-8.4)
                 6.86    (2.67-18.41)
       (0.02-0.78)
       (0.02-2.28)
       (0.99-6.81)

       (1.20-1.65)
       (1.35-10.62)
       (1.87-4.5)
       (1.5-10.50)
       (2.75-10.50)

       (1.42-12.25)
       (0.57-12.9)
       (0.32-11.61)
                                              5
                                             17

                                              7
                                              6
                                              5
 11
  6
 10

  3
  4
  4
  1

  5
 10

  9
 10
  8
             3-5
             3-5
             3-5
             3-5
             5-10
             5-10
             <3
             3-5
             5-10

             <3
             3-5
             5-10
                                                                               < 3
                                                                              3-5
                                                                              5-10
<3

<3
3-5
5-1C

<3
3-5
5-10
> 1C

3-5
5-10

< 3
3-5
5-10

-------
                                    -54-
        TABLE A.I.   Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined (Cont'd)
 Location
Sampling Date
 Lake Superior,  Keweenaw
 Point (Ml) MS-3 (Keweenaw
 County)                  1974
                         1977

 J-ake Superior,  Betsy Bay
 (MI) MS-3               May,
                         1975
Lake  Superior-MS-3
    1975
Lake  Superior,  Marquette (MI)
MS-4  (Marquette County)  Feb.,
                         1974
                         May,
                         1974
                         Juns,
                         1974
                         Oct. ,
                         1974
                        May,
                        1975
Lake Superior, Grand Portal
(MI) MS-4  (Alger County)
                        June,
                        1975
Lake Superior, MS-4      1975
Lake Superior, Au Sable  (MI)
MS-5 (Alger County)     May,
                         1975
PCR mg/kg (wet wgt.)
 M
4.
10
7
8
27
1
9
15
5
4
2
3
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
> 10
3-5
3-10
> 10
< 3
3-5
5-10
                                 < 3
                                 3-5
                                 5-10

                                 < 3
                                 3-5
                                 5-10
                                                                              < 3
                                                                              3-5
                                                                              5-10

-------
                                   -55-

        TABLE A.I.   Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined  (Cont'd)
PCB tag/kg (wet wgt.)
Location
Lake Superior, Open
(MI) MS- 5




Lake Superior, Grand
Sampling Date
Waters
June,
1975



Marais.
Md.


14.84
17.07
27,19
10.36

Range No.
-

(4.63-45.15)
'(14.06-36.58)
(24.39-29.26)
(4.03-31.25)

Anal'


6
6
4
4

(MI) MS-5 (Alger County)







Lake buperior, MS-5


Mav,
1975


Sept.,
1975

1975



1.12
1.33
1.52

36.76
39.58
0.5-i
1.05
1.72

(0.96-2.56)
(0.64-1.44)
(1.12-2.40)

(29.56-43.97)
(17.69-61.56)
(0.29-1.48)
(0.81-1.39)
(1.02-4.42)

5
3
6

2
2
8
5
11
Lake Superior, Whitcfish Bay
(MI) MS-6 (Chippewa












Lake Superior, MS-6


County)
May,
1974


June,
1974

May-
June,
1975


1975




0.38
0.81
1.18

1.94
5.18


0.72
0.65
1.87
0.72
0.65
1.87


(0.29-0.51)
(0.51-3.22)
(0.74-1. 75)

(0.59-3.33)
(3.60-5.92)


(0.62-0.92)

(0.97-3.12)
(0.62-0.92)

(0.97-3.12)


5
3
.5

6
4


5
1
12
' 5
1
12
Lake Michigan, Escanaba (MI)
MM-1 (Delta County)



Lake Michigan, MM-1
Jan. ,
1974
Dec. ,
1975
1975

1.10

2.67
2.67

(0.74-2.03)

(1.40-3.50)
(1.40-3.50)

3

6
6
                                                                             <3
                                                                            3-5
                                                                            5-10
                                                                             <3
                                                                             3-5
                                                                             5-10
                                                                             3-5
                                                                             5-10

                                                                             <3
                                                                             3-5
                                                                             5-10
                                                                             <3
                                                                             3-5
                                                                             5-10

                                                                             3-5
                                                                             5-10
                                                                             <3
                                                                             3-5
                                                                             5-10
                                                                             3-5
                                                                             5-10
                                                                             <3

                                                                             <3

                                                                             <3

Lake Michigan, MM-3 (Beaver Island,
MI) (Charlevoix County)
                        1977         1.6                          1           5-10

-------
                                     -56-

         TABLE A.1.  Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined  (Cont'd)
PCB mg/kg . (Wet wgt.) . .
Location Samoling Date Md.
Lake Michigan, MM-5
.
•-
Lake Michigan, MM-6



Lake Michigan, Saugatuck
MM-8, (Allegan County)

Lake Michigan, Sheboygan
(Sheboygan County)




Lake Michigan, Lower end
(Indiana)



















Lake Huron, MK-1

19?5


1975



, (MI)
1974
1977
(WI)
1971
1973
1974
1977


1974

1975


May-
June,
1976



Oct. ,
1976


April,
1977



1975

2.10
4.19
23,6
2.61
6.56
23.54
27.8

13.0
7.3

7.81
9.8
0.6
6.9
13.6

44
37
8.6
12.4
10


1.5 "
2.7
5.3
19.6

11.5
55.2
71.8

6.44
5.02
11.0
19.9
0.93
2.10
Range No. Analysis Size, Ib*
(1.66-5.66)
(2.64-5.74)
(21. 50-29-. 43)
(2.25-7.82)
(3.56-9.55)
(18.24-28.85)





(7.03-8.59)
(7.9-11.7)




(31-60)

(7.9-13.7)
(7.9-21,8)



(0.86-3.4)
(1.0-3.0)
(1.3-11.2)


(4.42-29.4)
(7.71-122.0)
(66.3-93.3)


(3.8-7.36)
(6. 03-36. 2)

(0.36-1.85)
(1.65-2.76)
7
2
3 -
4
2
2
1

1
1

2
2
1
1
1

4
1
6
6
1


5
3
8
1

4
15
4

1
4
6
1
12
6
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
>10

<3
3-5

5-10
3-5 .
3-5
3-5
5-10

-5-10
> 10
3-5 +
5-10+
> 10+


<3 +
3-5 +
" 5-10+
>10+

3-5 +fi
5-10+4
> 10+-'-'

<3 +
3-5 +
5-10+
> 10+
<3
3-5
Lake Huron, Alpena (MI) MH-2
(Alpena County)
Lake Huron, MH-5
1977
1975
4.6
5.7


1
1
3-5
5-10
*Sacple analyzed generaDy included 3 fish.
+Weight estimated from length.
•'Fin clips.

-------

-------
                       -57-
TABLE A.2.  Summarv of Other Fish Data Examined
Sampling
Fish Soecies Location
Sucker • Lake Michigan-Sheboygan, WI

Lake Huron MH-1
Lake Huron-Alpena MH-2

Lake Erie, Erie, PA





Genesee River-Scottsville, CT
*

•
Fat Trout Lake Superior-MS-1


MS-3
.

MS -5



Carp Lake Huron MH-4

MH-5


Lake St. Clair-Mt. Clemens


Lake Erie-Monroe, MI


Lake Erie-Port Clinton, OH

Genesee River-Scottsville, NY
Lake Ontario, Port Ontario, NY
Catfish Lake St. Clair

Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lak» Ontario-Port Ontario, NY
Date
1969
1974
1975
1974
1977
1969
1970
' 1971
1-972
1974
1977
1969
1970
1971
1973
1975


1975


1975



1975

1975


1974
1977

1975


1974

1977
1970
1975

1975
1977
PC3 mg'/kg
Md.
14.80
1.85
0.63
0.46
0.80
2.48
2.08
1.30
2.20
0.35
0.45
1.54
1.56
1.25
2.20
3.07
4.04
6.29
8.33
11.28
7.74
14.84
23.32
27.19
20.36
1.00
1.80
0.40
1.20
2.75
4.1
5.7
4.2
• 2.40
2.80
3.90
1.3
2.8
2.5
1.01
7.70
6.05
4.75
4.9
Ranee Analysis

(J. 70-2. 00)
(0.48-0.87)

(0.60-1.10)


(1.19-1.42)


(0.40-0.50)


(0.99-1.51)

(1.73-3.34)
(2. 17-7. 37)
(3.47-13.03)
(5.80-12.25)
(9.67-12.9)
(3.87-11.61)
(4.68-45.15)
(14.06-43.97)
(17.59-61.56)
(4.03-31.25)
(0.50-1.30)
(1.40-2.90)
(0.20-1.20)
(0.60-3.20)
(0.60-4.90)
(1.90-6.30)


(1.00-4.70)
(1.00-6.5)


(2.4-3.1)
(2.3-2.7)


(5.30-6.80)
(0.36-6.50)
(4.4-5.4)
1
2
6
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
7
7
5
5
2
2
6
8
6 • -
4
3
5
6
4
2
2
1
1
5
6'
1
1
2
2
1
1
i
2
6-
2
Size Ib
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5
5-10
•= 3
3-5
5-10
> 10
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5 .
5-10
< 3
< 3
3-5
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
< 3
                                                  \

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-------
                                            -58-

                 TABLE  A.2.   Summary  of  Other  Fish  Examined  (ConC'd)
Fish  Species

Yellow Perch
Whitefish
Walleve
Location
Lower Lake Michigan, IN*
                 Lake  Michigan-Saugatuck MM-8
                 Lake  Michigan-Sheboygan,  WI
                 Lake  Huron-Alpena  MH-2
                 Lake  St.  Clair
                 Lake  Erie,  Erie, PA
                Lake Ontario-Port  Ontario, NY
                Lake Ontario-Cape Vincent, NY
                St. Lawrence  R.-Massena, NY
Lake Superior-Bayfield, WI
                Lake Superior-Calumet, MI MS-3   1974

                Lake Superior-Marquette, MI MS-
                Lake Huron, MH-1
                Lake Huron, Alpena MH-2
                Lake Huron, MH-3
Lake-.St. Clair, Mt. Clemens

Lake St. Clair
Sampling
Date
1973
1971
1975
1974
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
'1974
i-975
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
'1974
1977
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1974
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1969
1970
1971
1974
1977
! 1974

>~H
1974


1975
1974
1975

1974
1977
•'1975

PCB
Md.
2.4
0.20
0.48
3.07
12.6
7.42
11.4
9.4
7.8
0.69
1.20
2.33
2.40
1.11
1.65
0.75
0."95
0.60
7.08
2.48
7.36
6.2
5.2
7.2
1.1
1.45
2.12
3.15
1.10
1.05
1.96
0.58
0.31
0.70
0.60
0.83
1.12
0.22
0.28
0.38
0.22
0.51
0.38
0.33
12.00
5.7
0.50
0.85
mg/kg .

Range Analysis

(0.11-0.30)
(0.48-1.9)
(1.73-3.84)


(10.7-12.2)
(8.9-9.8)
(7.6-8.1)
(0.65-0.73)
(1.10-1.30)

(2.34-2.45)
(1.00-1.22)
(1.5-1.8)
(0.70-0.80)
(0. 90-1. 00} -


(2.24-2.71)
(6.51-8.21)
(3.7-8.7)
(2.8-7.6)
(6.3-8.0)
(0.9-1.3)
(1.45-1.45)
(1.64-2.60)
(2.6-3.7)
(1.00-1.20)
(1.0-1.1)

(-0.55-0,60)
(0.24-0.38)


(0.14-1.3)
(0.27-1.96)

(0.16-0.43)
. (0.36-0.39)
(0.14-0.28)

(0.23-0.66)
(0.20-0.38)


(0.30-1.20)
(0.01-8.40)
1*
2*
2*
7
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2 • -
2
1
1
3
3 .
1
4
2
6
-1
5
3
1
1
4
3

Size Ib
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
< 3 -
< 3
3-5
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
*Variable numbers of fish per sample*.

-------

-------
                            -59-




TABLE A.2.  Summary of Other Fish Examined (Cont'd)
Sampling
Fish Soecies
Walleye






Red Sucker


Black Crappie
Brown Bullhead
Herring

Fresh Water
Drum





Bloater















.



Burbot


Location
Lake Erie, Monroe
Lake Erie, Port Clinton

Genesee River, Scottsville, NY



Genesee River, NY


Genesee River, NY
Cape Vincent, Lake Ontario
Date
1975
1974
1977
1969
1971

1973
1970
1972
1974
1974
1974
PCB mg/kg
Md.
0.70
5.7
1.5
1.25
1.04
3.28
2.55
1.8.
1.4
0.42
0.88
3.2
Range Analvsis
(0.20-1.10)





(2.1-3.0)



0). 57-1. 20)

6
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
Size Ib
< 3
<3
<3
<3
<3
3-5
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
Lake Superior, Keweenaw Pt. MS- 3


Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lake Erie, Erie, PA




Lake Superior, Bayfield, WI



Lake Superior, Calumet, MI MS-3
Lake Superior, Keweenaw Pt., MI
MS-3

Lake Superior, Marquette, MI
MS-4
Lake Michigan-Saugatuck, MI
MH-8 •

Lake. Michigan, Sheboygan, WI





Lake Michigan, Beaver IS. KM-3
Lake Michigan-MM-1 Escanaba, MI


1974

1975
1969
1970
1971
1972
1974
1969
1970
1971
1974
1974

1974
1977

1974

1974
1977
1969
1970'
1971
1973
1974
1977
1977
1975
1974

1.1

0.01
1.94
2.60
1.14
2.6
1.8
3.47
0.89
0.76
2.0
0.52

0.70
1.15

0,60

4.2
3.2
12.4
4.36
2.44
12.3
5.4
2.4
' 6.8
0.24
0.23
- 5.60.


(0.01-1.20)


(0.73-1.54)




(0.68-0.83)
-(1.2-2.7)
(0.45-1.05)

(0.61-0.79)
(0.90-1.4)

(0.44-1.06)


(3.1-3.3)

(3.91-4.82)
(2.08-2.81)
(10.9-13.7)
(3.2-7.6)
(2.2-2.6)

(0.07-0i.8-l)
(0.02-0.44)

1

9
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
5

2
2

6 .

2
2
1
2
2
2
2
.2
1
6
i
1 .
<3

<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
3-5

<3
' <3

5-10

<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
3-5
5-10

-------

-------
                            -60-




TABLE A.2.  Sumnarv of Other Fish Examined (Cont'd)
Sampling
Fish Species
Brown Trout


Rainbow Trout
Muskie
Salmon
Chinook Salmon



*

•

Cisco



Smelt
White Bass



Rock Bass










Small Mouth
Bass
Channel Catfish
White Perch


Location
Lake Huron-MH-2


Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
St. Clair
Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lower Lake Michigan, IN



Lake Huron, MH-3


Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lake Superior, Calumet, MI MS-3

Lake Superior, Marquette, MI
MS-4
Lake Huron-MH-1
Lake St. Clair
Lake St. Clair, Mt.. Clemens
Monroe, Lake Erie, MI
Lake Erie, Pt. Clinton, OH
Genesee River



Port Ontario, Lake Ontario







St. Lawrence River, Massena, NY
Lake Ontario, Pt. Ontario, NY
Lake Ontario, Pt. Ontario, NY


Date
1975


1975
1975
1975'
h973
1974
1975
1977
1975


1975

1974

1974
1975
1975
1974
1975
1974
1969
1970
1971
1973
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1977

1971
1977
1969
1970
1971
PCB mg/kg Number
Md.
0.64
1.70
1.14
C.70
1.50
0.50
12.4
12.3
8.8
5.16
1.32
0.77
2.97
0.40

0.85

0.19
0.65
0.60
3.1
1.8
12.0
. 0.39
1.54
0.55
0.28
4.1
2.6
4.3
5.9
2.6
7.0
3.0

4.70
4.9 -
7.68
4.69
9.76
Range Analysis
(0.48-0.81)
.(1.13-2.26).


(0.01-3.00)
(0.01-1.00)

(12.3-12.3)

(2.57-7.75)
(0.99-1.52)
(0.71-0.83)

(0.01-0.40)

(0.48-2.05)

(0.13-0.34)

(0.01-1.10)

(0.50-3.30)



(0.50-0.60)



(4.17-4.43)





(3.31-6.09)
(4.4-5.4)


(8.33-11.2)
3
2
1
1
-
2
1
2
1
2
4
2
1
5

6

3
1
5
1
7
1
1
1
2
1
1
j.
1
• 2
1
1
1
1

2
2 -
1
1
2 "
Size Ib
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
> 10
> 10
>10
> 10
5-10
> 10
<3
3-5
5-10
< 3

< 3

< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3

< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3

-------

-------
                                          -61-

                TABLE A.2.  Suanarv of Othsr Fish Exaained  (Cont'd)
rish Soecies    Location
White Perch     Lake Ontario, Pt. Ontario, NY   1972
Northern Pike   Genesee River. NY


                St.  Lawrence River, Massena     1970
Sampling
Pate
1972
1973
1974
1970
1972
1974
1970
1972

1973
1974
PCS rag/kg
Md. Ranee
5.6
3.5
U.I
0.85
1.8
0.98
5.94
2.6
19.0
2.6
3.6

Analysis
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Size Ib
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<=3
«=3
<3
3-5
<2
<3
                                                                                              •/
                                                                                       •:"--/

-------






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