EPA-600/3-83-094
Environmental Levels of PCB in
Great Lakes Fish
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. School of Public
Health
Prepared for "
Environmental Research Lah.-Duluth, MN
1 Jun 82
of Conroerc*
Technicai Infon^tkw
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NOTICE
This document has been reviewed in accordance with
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and
approved for publication. Mention of trade names
or commercial products does not constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for ure.
11
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Acknovledeevents
The assistance of the following in this project is gratefully acknowledged.
Minnesota ToLluticn Control Aeer.cv
Kachv Swanda
University of Minnesota
Leonard M. Schunan
Jack S. Mandel
Research ?ellov, University of Minnesota
Mark J. Bishop
This project was conducted by the Environnental Health Research and Training
Center in conjunction with the Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota.
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Table of Contends
Pa2e
1.0.
2.0.
3.0.
3.1.
3.2.
4.0.
4.1.
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
4.2.
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
4.2.A.
4.2.5.
4.2.6.
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.4.
4.5.
4.5.1.
4.5.2.
4.5.3.
4.5.4.
4.5.5.
4.5.6.
4.5.7.
4.5.8.
4.5.9.
4.5.10.
Acknow1ed g emen t s
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions and Reconoiendations
Sampling Areas and Species of Fish Sampled
Sampling Areas
Species of Fish Sampled
Results
Lake Trout
Lake Superior
Lake Michigan
Lake Huron
Yellow Perch
Lake Michigan
Lake Huron
Lake St. Clair
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
St. Lawrence River
Lake Whitefish
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Herring
Other Jish
Fat Trout
Brown Trout
Rainbow Trout
Carp
Catfish
Channel Catfish
Walleye
Sucker
Red Sucker
Bloater
\ ! 1
1
2
3
5
5
5
9
10
10
18
22
22
22
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
32
32
32
33
33
33
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Page
4.5.11.
A.5.12.
4.5.13.
4.5.14.
4.5.15.
4.5.16.
4.5.17.
4.5.18.
4.5.19.
4.5.20.
4.5.21.
4.5.22.
4.5.23.
4.5.24.
5.0.
5.1.
5.1.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.6.1.
5.6.2.
5.6.3.
5.6.4.
5.6.5.
5.6.6.
5.6.7.
5.6.8.
6.0.
Appendix A
' Table A-l
Table A-2
Appendix B
Burbot 35
White Baas 35
Rock Bass 35
Smallmouth Bass 35
White Perch 35
Northern Pike 35
Fresh Water Drum 35
Black Crappie 35
Brown Bullhead 37
Muskie . 37
Salmon 37
Chinook Salnon 37
Cisco 37
Smelt 37
Discussion 37
Lake Trout 33
Variation in Lake Trout Concentration by 41
Location
Yellow Perch 45
Lake Whitefish 45
Lake Herring 45
Other Fish 45
Specie Differences in PCB Concentrations 45
Lake Superior 40
Lake Michigan 49
Lake Huron 50
Lake St. Clair 50
Lake Erie 50
Lake Ontario 51
Gonesee River at Scottsville. New York 51
St. Lawrence Paver at Kassena, New York 51
References 53
Summary of Data Examined 53
Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined 53
Summary of Other Fish Data Examined 54
Plot Showing Weight-Length Relationships for 62
Lake Trout Sampled in Lake Superior
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List of Ficures
Fig No. Pag<
1 Map of Lake Superior showing sanpling areas and sampling point 6
locations.
2 Map of Lakes Michigan, Huron and St. Clair showing sacpling areas 7
and sar-.pling point locations.
3 Map of Lakes Erie and Ontario and rhe St. Lavrence River showing 8
sampling point locations.
4a Lake Superior-Lake Trout Data. 11
4b Lake Superior-Lake Trout Data. 14
Ac Lake Superior-Lake Trout Data. 17
Ad Lake Michigan-Lake Trout Data. 19
4e Southern Lake Michigan-Lake Trout Data. 21
4f Lake Huron-Lake Trout Data. 23
5 Fat Trout, Yellow Perch Data-Great Lakes. 24
6 Vhitefish, Walleye,and Sucker Data-Great Lakes. 27
7 Bloater, Brown Trout, Rainbow Trout, Salnon, and Chinook Salmon 30
Data-Great Lakes.
8 Carp, Catfish, Channel Catfish Data-Great Lakes. 31
9 White Bass, Rock Bass, Saallnouth Bass, Vhtte Perch, Northern Pike, 34
Red Sucker, and Fresh Water Drum Data-Great Lakes
10 Log-Probability Plot of Lake Superior Lake Trout Data-1975 Michigan 39
Data.
11 Log-Probability Plot of Lake Superior Lake Trout Data-Function of 40
Weight-1975 Michigan Data.
12 Seai-log Point of Lake Superior Lake Trout Data-PC3 Concentrations 42
vs. Length-1975 Michigan Data.
13 Log-log Plot of Lake Trout Data-Weight vs. PCB Concentrations-1975 43
Michigan Data.
14 Log-log Plot of Lake Superior Lake Trout Data-PCB Body Burden ys. 44
Weight-1975 Michigan Data.
Appendix B
Semi-log Plot of Weight vs. Length-Lake Superior Lake Trout Data- 52
1975 Michigan Data.
Vi 1
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Abstract
This report reviews and evaluates previously reported PCB levels in a
variety of fish sampled from various locations in the Great Lakes. Higher
concentrations in fish appear to be related to near-shore sampling where
higher exposure to bottom sedinents occurs to the flora and fauna comprising
the food chains for the specific fish collected. Highest concentrations of
PCBs were found in lake trout and fat trout taken from Lake Superior and in
fish collected from the lower end of Lake Michigan. There is a need to iden-
tify past and/or present sources contributing PCB contaminants to the off-shore
areas as well as to identify major sources of runoff contributing PCBs to the
waters of the Great Lakes system. Additional information as to food-chain
constituents is needed to more readily assess prey-predator relationships in
the various regions of the system.
Fish taken from some of the sampling areas exceeded the ?DA limit of
5 mg PCB per kg of fish; if the level is lowered to 2 mg/kg many more fish
will exceed the proposed limit.
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Environmental Levels of PCB in Great Lakes Fish
1.0. Introduction.
Human exposures to organic chemicals and potential health effects may be
related to the intake of fish taken from the Great Lakes, since fish, which
form a part of the diet, have shown the highest levels of contamination.
Possible exposure through the ingestion of contaminated fish far exceeds the
possibilities of exposure through inhalation of contaminated air or ingestion
\,
of contaminated waters. More data are available on levels of PCBs in the
environment than on many other organic contaminants, therefore, PCBs may serve
as the indicator organic cheatical for potential human exposure.
The intent of this review is to identify, based on available data reported
to us, the major species of fish contributing PCBs to the diet of man, and the
major sources of contamination based upon the areas from which the fish were
obtained. This information will be helpful in identifying the major sources
of exposure to human populations both in terms of species consumed and areas
from which the fish were obtained. Having identified the major species of
fish, the area from which they were obtained, and, ultimately, their levels
and areas of maximum consumption, it may be possible to relate consumption to
possible health effects as noted from the complimentary epidemiological study
underway.
This review will first identify levels of contamination in samples of
lake trout in Great Lakes waters by sampling area, since this species was most
extensively studied, and will then identify levels by location for other species
of fish which form part of the human diet or may serve as food sources for fish
at higher trophic levels. Our primary concern is for possibilities of human
exposure, even though we fully recognize the importance of the total ecological
systems approach, particularly with respect to predator-prey relationships. In
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fact, the latter is necessary to fully understand and appreciate the potentials
for human exposure through ingestion of fish. One other aspect that is not
directly considered in this review is the potential for infant exposure through
breast feeding by mothers exposed to PCBs in their diets and accumulations of
these agents in fatty tissue.
2.0. Conclusions and Recosaendations.
On the basis of the study completed, the following conclusions may be drawn
based upon the data available ;o the authors and the assueptions referred to in
the text.
1. There is a dearth of information on PC3 levels in many species of fish
collected from various locations. In many instances, only one or two
samples were collected annually or biennially, therefore, it is diffi-
cult to estimate the significance of the ?C3 levels reported or changes
therein.
2. Where more data were available for specific fish from given locations,
it was possible to demonstrate that the ?CB concentrations reported
varied in a log-normal manner. This distribution presents some problems
in terms of translating potential exposure levels to humans from the
geometric mean values.
3. Based upon data reported for fish collected from certain areas of Lake
Superior (MS-3, MS-A, and MS-5) the concentrations generally were lower,
whereas near-shore samples included in these same areas showed higher
concentrations. These higher values probably reflect higher bottom mud
and sediment concentrations in the near-shore areas.
4. Little usable information is available on food-chain levels in the
Great Lakes system. Such data are needed to help interpret differences
in levels observed in fish taken from the various locations.
5. Insufficient data are available on those fish identified as being pre-
ferred from a human intake standpoint. Such information is necessary
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to help estimate the role that these fish play in human diets and
potential human exposure resulting therefrom.
6. At only a few sampling points were multiple fish species collected
and where collected they were few in number.
These conclusions suggest the following recommendations:
1. All subsequent investigations of fish and other sedia in the Great
Lakes should be coordinated through a central organization which can
specify the kinds of fish to be collected, numbers of fish, and loca-
tions for sample collection.
2. There is a greater need for reporting, and this nay be available in
other material which did not accompany the data available to us, what
portion of the fish was examined-whether the total fish, edible fraction,
etc., to provide a better base for comparing samples. Similarily,
methods used for analysis should be reported and a uniform system of
of quality control should include all laboratories carrying out these
studies. The specific standard used for estimating the ?C3 concentra-
tion should be indicated and information on the acutal isoiners identified
should be reported.
3. With the isolation of areas of higher fish contamination, a concerted
effort should be made to indicate whether such contamination levels re-
flect current discharges of ?CBs or sources that have accumulated over
time.
A. Stomach contents of th°. fish caught should be examined to identify feed-
ing liabits in the various parts of the lake system during different
seasons of the year.
5. The age of fish should be reported, inasmuch as length and weight may
not always be indicative of the age of the fish and the time spent in
a given location. This information would be helpful in comparing PC3
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ievels in fish taken annually.
6. The aigratory patterns of fish through their life cycle should be ident-
ified even though fish stocking takes place from hatcheries, since
hatchery fish probably migrate.
3.0. Sar.plir.g Areas and Species of ?ish Sampled.
3.1. Sampling Areas.
Areas from which sanples were collected carried two types of designations-
sone being identified by specific shore locations and others by specific arsas
in the Great Lakes. These saapling locations are indicated in Figs. 1 to 3,
which, respectively, identify areas froa which fish were collected in Lake Sup-
erior; Lakes Michigan, Huron, and St. Clair; and Lakes Erie and Ontario and the
St. Lawrence River. The areas indicated in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron
were identified in reports from the State of Michigan, the specific sampling
points, namely: 1 to 11 on Lake Superior; 12 to 15 on Lake Michigan; 16 on Lake
Huron; 17 on Lake St. Clair; 18, 19, and 24 on Lake Erie; 20 on the Genesee River;
21 and 22 on Lake Ontario; and 23 on the St. Laurence River were identified in
"*—5 6
information retrieved froa "S~ORET"~ and from data reported by Koch. Since
soae cf the areas froa which fish were sampled were quite extensive, the exact
locations nay vary for collections made at different times. The data used in
this review were froa the ebove reports.
3.2. Species of Fish Sampled.
The most extensive data available for study were on lake trout, but data
in variable number were reported for fat trout, carp, catfish, yellow perch,
whitefish, walleye, sucker, red sucker, black crappie, brown bullhead, herring,
fresh water drum, bloater, burbot, brown trout, rainbow trout, nuskie, salmon,
chinook salaon, Cisco, and smelt. Similar species were not sampled from all
sites-probably due to the fact that all species were not found at all locations.
The species of most interest are those that have been identified as major food
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sources. These, in order of preference as indicated by preliminary data from
the epidemiological questionnaire on ingestion habits of commercial fishermen,
are yellow perch, lake whitefish, lake herring, and lake trout.
&.O. Results.
Only the data reported for PC3 levels in fish are included in this review.
Since specific information, with few exceptions, was not available on the por-
tions of fish analyzed, the assumption was cade that the data represented PCB
levels in whole fish based upon the wet weight of the fish. Unfortunately, the
ages of the fish S£mpled were not reported >anc the rate of growth from year to
year was not available for the various species analyzed, making it impossible,
where sufficient numbers of fish were sampled from year to year, to compare fish
of the same age during different time periods. Because length and weight (wet)
were reported for many of the fish data used, length-weight curves were plotted
(see Appendix B, which sh-jws length-weight relationships for lake trout in Lake
Superior) to make it possible to report PCB concentration as a function of weight
when length only was reported.
Since we are dealing with biological systems, the data were plotted in the
form of semi-logarithmic plots of PCB concentration (log Gcale) vs. length
(arithmetic scale) or weight (wet) (log scale) vs. length (arithmetic scale);
as logarithmic plots of PCB concentration (log scale) vs. weight (wet) (log
scale); and as logarithmic probability plots of PCB concentrations. In addition,
ffsh body hurden (nig) vs. fish weight (grans) was plotted on log-log paper and
demonstrated a better linear relationship than that reported by others using an
arithmetic plot.
No information was available in the data sources reviewed on tho analytical
procedures used for identification of the PCB levels found in fish. In most in-
stances, no information was provided on the standard used for estimating the
PCB levels found. Some data were available on the different Aroclors rneasured.
.
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In these instances the values reported w»re for total PCB levels, i.e., the
sum of the individually identified Aroclor PCS levels.
Since the most extensive data available for study were for lake trout,
these data will be reviewed first.
4. 1. Lake Trout.
The data reported and reviewed for lake trout are listed in Table A.I.
(Appendix A) and plotted in Figs. A a-f. The values are plotted moving from
west to east for Lake Superior and moving eastward with values reported for
Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. The areas from which samples were collected
are indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.
A. 1.1. Lake Superior (Figs. 1 and A a-e).
Since, as indicated, we are dealing with biological systems, geometric
or logarithmic interpretations of the data are valid, with median values being
reported where sufficient samples were collected, because they are more closely
related to geometric mean values than are arithmetic mean values. Use of
median (approximate geometric mean values) are mur? difficult to identify with
average mean values but they are more representative of the actual variations
in levels observed representing substantial differences in many cases.
Samples collected at Bayfield, Wisconsin, in Lake Superior (Fig. 4a),
only one or two each year, showed minor variations in PCS concentrations during
the period 1969-1977 ranging in values from 1.3 to 2.8 mg/kg (wet weight).
More samples were collected froir the Isle Royale area of Lake Superior
(Fig. 4a), during each of two sampling periods in May, 1974 and May, 1975, with
total numbers of 12 and 19 samples, respectively. An examination of PCB levels
during each of these two periods as a function of fish size—s:31b, 3 to 5 lb,
and 5 to 10 lb, respectively, showed increased concentrations with size and
increased concantrations during the second year of sample collection in each
size increment, as indicated by the median values. Overall PCB concentrations
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Fig. 4a
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CALUMET
E F1OYALE ONTONAGON
5
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BAYFIELD
KEWEENAW COUNTY
NIONAGO
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KCWtENAW
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ranged from 0.33 to 13.0 mg/kg wee weight as shown in Fig. 4a. Values at
Isle Royale were also somewhat higher than those reported at Bayfield, Wiscon-
sin. Median values at Isle Royale were 0.73, 1.8, and 3.3 rag/kg (wet weighO,
respectively, for fish under 3 Ib, 3 to 5 Ib, and 5 to 10 Ib, respectively,
in 1974, and 3.1, 4.0, and 6.3 mg/kg (wet weignt), respectively, in 1975.
Ontonagon lake trout samples (Fig. 4a) collected in June, 1974 ranged
from 1.6 to 14.4 mg/kg (wet weight) in PCS concentration with median values
of 2.2 Kg/kg for five samples under 3 Ib wet weight and 8.8 mg/kg for 17 samples
in the 3 to 5 Ib range. Samples collected in July, 1975 showed a median concen-
tration of 2.7 mg/kg for the seven samples of fish under 3 Ib wet weight, 6.6
for the six fish in the 3 to 5 Ib range, and 5.0 for the five fish in the 5 to
10 Ib range. In general, the median values were in the range of the samples
collected at Isle Royale in 1975.
Much greater variations in PCB concentrations were observed in the samples
collected at Calumet (Fig. 4a) with overall concentrations ranging from 0.02
mg/kg (wet weight) to 28.4 mg/kg (wet weight). Median values for fish collected
at specific times and for various sizes were as follows: 6.9 ag/kg for seven
fish less than 3 Ib weight collected February, 1974; 0.38 for 11 fish less than
3 Ib weight, 0.69 for six fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 1.6 for U fish 5 to 10 Ib
weight collected in May, 1974; 1.2 irg/kg for three fish less than 3 Ib weight,
2.3 for four fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 2.5 for four fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and
3.9 mg/kg i'or one fish over 10 Ib weight collected in June, 1974; 8.6 mg/kg for
five fish 3 to 5 Ib weight and 5.5 mg/kg for 10 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight collected
in July, 1974; and 5.8 mg/kg for nine fish less than 3 Ib weight, 2.2 for 10
fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 3.3 for eight fish 5 to 10 Ib weight collected in
May, 1975.
Only a single sample was collected at Keweenaw in 1974 and again in 1977
(Fig. 4a) with PCB concentration of 4.5 mg/kg for a 5 to 10 Ib fish, and 0.7
tng/kg for a 3 to 5 Ib fish, respectively.
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A total of 18 samples was collected at Betsy Bay in May, 1975 (Fig. 4a)
with PCB concentrations in the range of 0.09 to 2.1 mg/kg wet weight. Median
values showed an increase in size with values of 0.60 rag/kg for seven fish less
than 3 Ib weight, 0.76 for five fish in the 3 to 5 Ib range, and 1.5 for six
fish in the 5 to 10 Ib range.
Thirty-six samples were collected in 1975 from an area designated MS-3
(Fig. Ab) and showed a range in PCB concentrations of 0.09 to 3.54 mg/kg wet
weight. Median values were 0.65 for eleven fish, 1.45 for 13 fish, and 1.74
for 12 fish in the < 3, 3 to 5, and 5 to 10 Ib weight classes, respectively.
In general, the concentrations observed in samples taken from area MS-3 were
lower than values indicated for samples taken at specific locations in areas
MS-1, MS-2, and MS-3. For fish weighing less than 3 Ib, the median value for
area MS-3 (1975) was 0.65 ng PCB/kg wet weight compared to 0.60 mg/kg for
samples from Betsy Bay, 1975; 5.S mg/kg Calumet, 1975; 2.7 mg/kg Ontonagon,
1974; and 3.1 mg/kg Isle Royale, 1975. For fish in the 3 to 5 Ib group, only
the sample taken from Betsy Bay had a lower median value (0.76 mg/kg) than did
the samples taken from area MS-3 (1.45 mg/kg); all other median values were
higher—Isle Royale, 4.04 mg/kg in 1975; Ontonagon, 6.57 mg/kg in 1974; and
Calumet, 2.20 mg/kg in 1975. In the 5 to 10 Ib group, the median value for
samples from area MS-3 in 1975 was 1.74 mg/kg, was lower (1.41 ing/kg in 1975)
for samples from Betsy Bay, and higher for all other locations—Bayfield, 2.7
ng/kg in 1974; Isle Royale, 6.29 in 1975; Ontonagon, 4.99 in 1974; Calumet, 3.30
in 1975; and Keweenaw Pt. (single sample, 4.5 mg/kg in 197&).
A number of lake trout samples were collected at Marquette, Michigan on
Lake Superior during the period February, 1974 through May, 1975, the total
being 112 samples (Fig. 4b). Overall PCB concentrations ranged from < 0.02 to
24 =g/kg wet weight. Median values for specific sample periods and fish sizes
were as follows: February, 1974, 10.5 ng/kg wet weight for four fish less than
3 Ib weight; May, 1974, 0.66 mg/kg for 15 fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.99
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Fig. 4b
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for two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight,and 2.0 for 10 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; June, 1974.
3.3 for seven fish less than 3 Ib weight, 2.8 for eight fish 3 to 5 Ib weight,
3.A for 27 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and 12.5 for one fish greater than 10 Ib
weight; October, 1974, 0.95 for nine fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 1.8 for 15 fish
5 to 10 Ib weight, and 5.3 for five fish greater than 10 Ib weight; and May, 1975,
0.48 for four fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.84 for two fish 3 tc 5 Ib weight,
and 6.2 for three fish 5 to 10 Ib weight. These data show a general increase
in concentration with size in the individual samplings but tha concentrations
show increases and decreases with time with the June, 1974 median values show-
ing higher values than samples collected in May, 1974, October, 1974, and May,
1975 levels.
Fifteen samples were collected in June, 1975 at Grand Portal, Michigan
(Fig. 4b) and showed a PCB concentration range of 0.11 to 8.5 ing/kg wet weight.
Median values for the three ranges of fish weight <3, 3 to 5, and 5 to 10 Ib
were 1.0, 1.1, and 3.1 mg/kg wet weight, respectively.
Forty-two samples were collected from area MS-4 Lake Superior (Fig. 1) with
PCB concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 8.60 Eg/kg. Median values for fish less
than 3 Ib, 3 to 5 Ib, and 5 to 10 Ib were 0.54, 1.04, and 2.04 mg/kg, respectively.
Results reported in 1975 for area MS-4 were very similar to those reported for
Marquette and Grand Portal (0.54, 0.48, and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively) for fish
weight less than 3 Ib; similar again for fish in the 3 to 5 Ib group (1.04, 0.84,
and 1.08 nig/kg, respectively); and were higher at both point locations for fish
in the 5 to 10 Ib group-2.04 nig/kg for MS-4, 6.20 mg/kg for Marquette, and 3.11
rag/kg for Grand Portal.
Eighteen fish collected in May, 1975 from Au Sable, Michigan (Fig. 4b)
showed PCB concentrations ranging from 0.29 to 4.2 mg/kg wet weight. There was
a general increase in reported concentrations, with fish size as indicated by
median values of 0.51 tag/kg for seven fish less than 3 Ib weight, 1.2 for a
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fish 3 to 5 Ib woight, and 1.7 for nine fish 5 to 10 Ib weight.
A series of 20 fish samples collected in June, 1975 from an area designated
as open water in Lake Superior (area MS-5) showed relatively high PCB concentra-
tions ranging from 4.0 to 45.2 mg/kg wet weight (Fig. 4b). Median values
determined were 14.8 mg/kg for six fish less than 3 Ib weight, 17.1 for six fioh
3 to 5 Ib weight, 27.2 for four fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and 20.4 for four fish
greater than 10 Ib weight.
Two series of samplings were reported for Grand Marais, Michigan (Area MS-5),
one in May, 1974 and the other in September, 1975 (Fig. 4b). Both series showed
an increase in median value with increase in fish size as follows: 1.1 mg/kg
for five fish less than 3 Ib weight, 1.3 for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and
1.5 for six fish 5 to 10 Ib weight collected in 1974, and 36.8 mg/kg for two fish
3 to 5 Ib weight, and 39.6 for two fish 5 to 10 Ib weight in 1975. The 1975
sampling even though totaling only four fish had a concentration range for 17.7
to 61.6 mg/kg wet weight, the highest reported thus far along with the open water
MS-5 area samples reported earlier with a range of 4.7 to 45.2 mg/kg wet weight.
Twenty-four samples were collected in the area MS-5, Lake Superior (Fig. 1)
in 1975. These results were similar to those reported for Au Sable: Fish <3
Ib, 0.54 and 0.51 mg/kg; fish 3 to 5 Ib, 1.95 and 1.20 mg/kg; and fish 5 to 10 Ib,
1.72 and 1.72 mg/kg, respectively, for area MS-5 and Au Sable. Samples reported
as being taken from Open Water MS-5 show considerably higher median values,
namely: 14.8, 17.1, 27.2, and 10.4 mg/kg, respectively, for fish < 3 Ib, 3 to
5 Ib, 5 to 10 Ib, and > 10 Ib.
During three samplings taking place in Whitefish Bay, Michigan (area MS-6)
in Ma>, 1974, June, 1974, and May, 1975, 41 fish were collected for analysis
(Fig. 4c). Overall range of PCB concentrations reported was 0.29 to 5.9 mg/kg
wet weight. Median values determined were: 0.38 rag/kg for five fish less than
3 Ib weight, 0.81 for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 1.2 for five fish 5
-------
-17-
Fig. 4c
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-18-
Ib weight sampled in May, 1974; 1.9 mg/kg for six fish 3 to 5 Ib weight and
5.2 for four fish 5 to 59 Ib weight sampled in June, 1974; and 0.72 mg/kg for
five fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.54 for one fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 1.9
for 12 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight sampled in May, 1975. In genera', the median
values showed an increase in concentration with size in each sampling period
but showed variable median concentrations during the three sampling periods.
Eighteen fish samples u»re collected from an area designated MS-6 (Fig. "1)
in 1975. PCS concentrations ranged from 0.62 to 3.12 nig/kg, with median
values of 0.72 for fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.54 for a single fish 3 to 5 Ib
weight, and 1.87 mg/kg for fish 5 to 10 Ib weight. These values were identical
to a similar series of samples designated as coming from Whitefish Bay.
4.1.2. Lake Michigan fFigs. 2 and 4 d-e).
The range in ?C3 concentrations found in the two saoplingi- at Escanaba,
Michigan, area MM-1, was 0.74 to 3.5 ing/kg wet weight (Fig. 4d). The median
value for the three fish each less than 3 Ib weight collected in January, 197-i
was 1.1 ag/kg, and for the six fish less than 3 Ib weight collected in Decr;m-
ber, 1975, 2.67 mg/kg.
Six sanples collected in 1975 from area MM-1 in Lake Michigan (rig. 2)
showed concentrations ranging from 1.40 to 3.50 mg/kg with a median value cf
2.66 mg/kg for fish less than 3 Ib weight, which is identical to the values
reported in 1975.for Escanaba.
One fish sample was taken from the Beaver Island area in lake Michigan in
1977 (Fig. 4d) and showed a PCB concentration of 1.6 ng/kg wet weight for a fish
in the 5 to 10 Ib weight class.
In 1975 12 fish were sampled in an area designated as MM-5 in Lake Michigan
(Fig. 2 and 4d) ranged in PCB concentration from 1.66 to 29.4 mg/kg. The median
values were: 2.10 for seven fish less than 3 Ib weight, 4.19 for two fish 3 to
5 Ib weight, and 23.6 for three fish 5 to 10 Ib weight.
-------
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-19-
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Also in 1975 nine fish were collected from area M;!-6 (Fig. 2 and 4d)
in Lak£ Michigan with PCS concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 28.85 mg/kg wet
weight. The median values were: 2.61 mg/kg for four fish less than 3 Ib
weight, 6.56 for two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 23.5 for two fish less than 5 to
10 Ib weight, and 27.8 for one fish over 10 Ib weight. One fish sanple was
obtained in 1974 and another in 1977 at Saugatuck, Michigan (MM-8) (Fig. 4d)
with PCS concentrations of 13. mg/kg for a fish weighing less than 3 Ib and
7.3 mg/kg for a fish in the 3 to 5 Ib class, respectively.
Seven samples were collected from Sheboygan, Wisconsin (Fig 4d) during
1971 to 1977 with PCB concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 13.6 mg/kg and median
values as fellows: 7.8 for two fish 5 to 10 Ib weight caught in 1971; 9.8 for
two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight caught in 1973; 0.6 for one fish 3 to 5 Ib weight
caught in 1977.
A series of fish samples was collected in the lower end of Lake Michigan
(Indiana) and the results reported by Koch are shown in Fig. 4,_. Five samples
of fish (each generally containing three fish) were collected in 1974, 11 in
1975, two in April, 1976, 15 in June, 1975, 23 in October, 1976, 12 in April,
1977, and 12 in October, 1977. Concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 122- rag/kg.
Since only length of fish was reported, estimates of body weight vere made fron
previously reported weight-length relationships (Appendix B). Specific median
values determined follow: 1974, 44 mg/kg for four fish 5 to 10 Ib weight and
37 mg/kg for one fish greater than 10 Ib weight; 1975, 8.6 mg/kg for four fish
3 to 5 Ib weight; 12.4 for six fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; 30 for one fish greater
than 10 Ib weight; April-June, 1976, 1.5 for five fish less than 3 Ib weight,
2.7 for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 5.3 for eight fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and
19.6 for one fish greater than 10 Ib weight; October, 1976, 11.5 for four fish
3 to 5 Ib weight, 55.2 for 15 fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and 71.8 for four fish
greater than 10 Ib weight (samples identified as "fin clips" for this area);
-------
-21-
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Lake Trout Data
Lake Michigan
6
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* Fin clips
'76 '76* 4/77
Apr.(2) Oct.
June(15)
SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN
INDIANA DATA
10/77
-------
-22-
April, 1977, 6.4 for one fish less than 3 Ib weight, 5.0 for four fish 3 to 5
Ib weight, 11.0 for six fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and 29.9 for one fish greater
than 10,Ib weight; and October, 1977, 7.3 for -cv.r fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 13.A
for six fish greater than 5 to 10 Ib weight, and 20.4 for two fish greater than
10 Ib wei_.ht. Overall these were among the highest concentrations found in fish
and show a general increase in levels with size of fish (weight estimated from
reported lengths) and also shov a general increase in levels since 1976 except
for the October, 1976 sanples which carried the description "fin clips."
4.1.3. Lake Huron (See Fig. ± and 4f).
Eighteen fish samples were collected in 1975 from an area in Lake Huron
designated MH-1 (Fig. 2). Concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 2.76 mg/kg wet
weight (Fig. 4f). The median concentration for 12 fish less than 3 Ib weight
was 0.93 mg/kg and for six fish 3 to 5 Ib weight 2.10 mg/kg.
A single sample was collected in 1977 at Alpena, Michigan on Lake Huron
and showed a PCS concentration of 4.6 ag/kg for a fish of 3 to 5 Ib weight, and
a single sample taken from Lake Huron, MH-5 (Fig. 2) had a PCS concentration
of 5.7 mg/kg for a 5 to 10 Ib fish.
4.2. Yellow Perch (Fig. 5).
Preliminary responses from the commercial fishermen questionnaire identified
yellow perch as the fish species most frequently consumed and/or consumed in
the largest quantity. Information by source of sampling will now be summarized
identifying levels of contamination observed in this fish species. The number of
samples ax-e rather limited amounting to only one or two fish sampled at any given
time from a given location, but the data, even though minimal, might be helpful
in identifying areas of higher concentration and the potential for increased
human exposure.
4.2.1. Lake Michigan (Fig. 2 and 5).
Koch reported data on yellow perch collected at the lower end of Lake
-------
-23-
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Lake Trout Data
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-25-
Mtchigan in 1973 (one fish saaple comprising 12 fish weighing 2.6 Ib), 1974
(two fish samples each comprising six fish, one weighing 1.6 Ib the other 2.0
Ib), and 1975 (two fish samples one weighing 3.1 Ib comprising five fish and the
other 1.4 Ib comprising nine fish). In addition, a single sample (1.5 Ib) was
collected in 1971 (the number of fish if sore than one was not indicated) and
the PCB concentration was reported at 3.0 mg/kg. As shown in Fig. 5, the con-
centration of PCB in the sample collected in 1973 was 2.4 mg/kg; the average
values for the two samples each collected in 1974 and 1975 were 0.20 and 0.99
mg/kg, respectively.
Two samples collected at Saugatuck, Michigan (MM-8) in 1974 averaged 7.2
nig/kg for fish under 3 Ib weight (Fig. 5).
Samples were collected at Sheboygan, Wisconsin over the period 1969 to 1973
(Fig. 5). PCB concentrations reported during this period follow: 1969, 12.6
mg/kg for one fish sample; 1970, 7.42 mg/kg for one fish sample; 1971, average
11.4 jng/kg for two fish samples; 1972, average 0.4 mg/kg for cwo fish samples;
and 1973, average 7.8 mg/kg for two fish sacples.
4.2.2. Lake H-jron (rigs. 2 and 5).
Two samples of fish collected at Alpena, Michigan (MH-2) in 1974 yielded an
average PCB concentration of 0.69 mg/kg.
4.2.3. Lake St. Clair (Figs. 2 and 5).
An average PCB concentration of 1.2 mg/kg was reported for two samples
collected in Lake St. Clair in 1975.
4.2.4. Lake Erie (Figs. 3 and 5).
A series of samples was collected in Lake Erie at Erie, Pennsylvania. Re-
ported concentrations for fish less than 3 Ib weight were: 1969, 2.3 mg/kg for
one sample; 1970, an average of 2.4 mg/kg for two samples; 1971, an average of
1.1 mg/kg for tvo samples; 1972, an average of 1.6 mg/kg for two samples; 1973,
an average of 0.75 mg/kg for two samples; 1974, an average of 0.95 mg/kg for
two samples; and 1977, 0.60 mg/kg for one fish sample.
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-26-
4.2.5. Lake Ontario (Figs. 3 and 5).
A series of samples was collected at Port Ontario, New York. PCB con-
centrations reported for fish less than 3 Ib weight follow: 1969, 7.1 mg/kg
for a single fish sample; 1970, an average of 2.5 ag/kg for two fish samples;
1971, an average of 7.4 tag/kg for two fish samples; 1972, an average of 6.2
ag/kg for two fish samples; 1973, an average 5.2 mg/kg for two fish samples;
and 1974, an average of 7.2 ng/kg for two fish samples.
Two saaples of fish less than 3 Ib weight were collected in 1974 at Cape
Vincent, New York. Average PCB concentration was 1.1 mg/kg for the two samples
collected.
4.2.6. St. Lawrence River (Figs. 3 and 5).
Samples were collected during the period 1970 to 1974 at Massena, New York.
Average PCB concentrations for the two samples of fish less than 3 Ib weight
taken each year were: 1970, 1.4 mg/kg; 1971, 2.1 mg/kg; 1972, 3.2 mg/kg; 1973,
1.1 ag/kg; and 1974, 1.0 mg/kg.
4.3. Lake Vhitefish (Fig. 6).
Lake whitefish were identified as the second most preferred fish ir. the
preliminary results of the epidemiological survey of commercial ."ishermen. A
few data ere available on levels of PCB in this specie of fish taken from various
r
locations in Lake Superior and Lake Huron (Figs. 1 and 2).
4.3.1. Lake Superior (Figs. 1 and 6) .
A few samples of lake whitefish were collected over the period 1969 to 1977
at Bayfield, Wisconsin. All fish collected weighed less than 3 Ib (Fig. 6).
PCB levels found were as follows: 1969, 2.0 mg/kg for oue fish sample; 1970,
average of 0.58 mg/kg for two samples; 1971, an average of 0.31 mg/kg for two
samples; 1974, 0.70 mg/kg for one sample; and 1977, 0.6 mg/kg for one fish sample.
Six fish were sampled at Calumet, Michigan (MS-3) in 1974. Levels of PCB
reported (Fig. 6) were as follows: 0.83 mg/kg for three fish less than 3 Ib
weight, and 1.1 ing/kg for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight.
-------
03
i_
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-28-
In 1974, seven fish were sampled at Marquette, Michigan (Fig. 6) wir.h PCB
levels as follows: 0.22 ng/kg for one fish under 3 Ib weight, 0.28 mg/kg for
four fish 3 to 5 Ib weight; and 0.38 mg/kg for two fish 5 to 10 Ib weight.
4.3.2. Lake Huron (Figs. 2 and 6).
Six fish each less than 3 Ib weight, were collected from area MH-1 in 1975
and had a median PCB concentration of 0.22 mg/kg.
One fish, weight less than 3 Ib, was taken at Alpena, Michigan in 1974 and
had a PCB concentration of 0.51 mg/kg.
Several samples were collected from area MH-3 in 1975 and yielded the fol-
lowing results: a median concentration of 0.38 mg/kg for five fish less than
3 Ib weight; and 0.22 mg/kg for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight.
4.4. Lake Herring.
The fourth species of fish most preferred, as indicated by preliminary
data from the epidemiological survey of commercial fishermen was the lake herring.
Unfortunately, only one fish sample weight less than 3 Ib was collected in 1974
at Keweenaw Pt., Michigan on Lake Superior and showed a PCB concentration of
1.1 mg/kg.
4.5. Other Fish.
A number of other species of fish were collected at various locations on the
Great Lakes or its tributaries and these data are summarized below.
4.5.1. Fat Trout (Fig. 5).
Nineteen fish were sampled from area MS-1, nine from area MS-3, and 24 from
area MS-5 in Lake Supei•jr in 1975. The PCB concentrations varied from 1.7 to
61.6 mg/kg wet weight. The median PCB concentrations reported were: Area MS-1,
3.1 mg/kg for seven fish under 3 Ib weight, 4.0 mg/kg for seven fish 3 to 5 Ib
weight, and 6.3 mg/kg for five fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; area MS-3, 8.4 rag/kg for
five fish less than 3 Ib weight, 11.3 mg/kg for two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and
7.7 for two fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; and area MS-5, 14.8 mg/kg for six fish less
than 3 Ib. weight, 23.3 mg/kg for eight fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 27.2 mg/kg for
-------
-29-
six fish 5 to 10 Ib weight, and 20.A mg/kg for four fish greater than 10 Ib
weight.
4.5.2. Brown Trout (Fig. 7).
Brown trout were sampled in area MH-2 Lake Huron in 1975. Six fish were
sampled with the following results: Three fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.64
mg/kg; two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, 1.7 mg/kg; and one fish 5 to 10 Ib weight,
1.1 mg/kg.
4.5.3. Rainbow Trout (Fig. 7).
One fish sample was collected in Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan in 1975
and had a PCB concentration of 0.70 mg/kg for a fish less than 3 Ib weight.
4.5.4. Carp (Fig. 8).
Carp were collected in Lake Huron in areas MH-A and MH-5 in 1975. Results
were as follows: MH-4, 1.0 rag/kg for three fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 1.8 tag/kg
for five fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; MH-5, O.AO ing/kg for six fish less than 3 Ib
weight, 1.2 mg/kg for four fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 2.8 mg/kg for two fish
5 to 10 Ib weight.
Two samples of fish were taken at Mt. Clemens, Lake St. Clair in 197A and
1975 v^t>- the following results: 1974, A.I mg/kg for two fish less than 3 Ib
weight; and 1977, 5.7 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight, and A.2 mg/kg
for one fish 3 to 5 ib weight.
Samples were collected form two locations on Lake Erie. At Monroe, Michi-
gan, sampled in 1975, PCB concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 6.5 mg/kg. Specific
median concentrations were 2.A mg/kg for five fish less than 3 Ib weight, 2.8
for six fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 3.9 for one fish 5 to 10 Ib weight.
At Port Clinton, Ohio a sample collected in 197A showed a concentration
of 1.3 mg/kg for a fish less than 3 Ib weight and in 1977 a concentration of
2.8 mg/kg for two fish less than 3 Ib weight.
Two samples were collected from the Genesee River at Scottsville, New
York in 1977 and had an average concentration of 2.5 ng/kg for two fish less
-------
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than 3 Ib weight.
A-single sanple collected from Lake Ontario at Port Ontario, New York
in 1970 had a PCS concentration of 1.0 ng/kg for a fish less than 3 Ib weight.
4.5.5. Catfish (Fig. 8).
Catfish were sampled in 1975 from Lake St.. Clair ar.J Lake Erie at Monroe,
Michigan and in 1977 from Lake Ontario at Port Ontario, New York. The Lake
St. Clair samples were higher in PCS levels than those collected from the other
two sites. Specific concentrations observed were: Lake St. Clair, 7.7 mg/kg
for or.e fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 6.0 Kg/kg for two fish 5 to 10 Ib weight;
Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan, 4.8 rag/kg (range 0.36 to 6.5 mg/kg) for 6 fish
less than 3 Ib weight; and Lake Ontario at Port Ontario ai> average of 4.9 ag/kg
for two fish less than 3 Ib weight.
4.5.6. Channel Catfish (tig. 8).
Two samples of channel catfish were collected in 1977 at Port Ontario,
New York on Lake Ontario and had an average PC3 concentration of 4.9 for the
two fish less than 3 Ib weight.
4.5.7. Walleye (Fig. 6).
Walleye were collected from Lake St. Clair, Lake Erie, and the Genesee
River. The results were as follows: Lake St. Clair a;: Mount Clemens: 1974,
12.0 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight, and 1977, 5.7 mg/kg for one fish
less than 3 Ib weight; Lake St. Clair: 1975, 0.50 mg/kg for four fish less than
3 Ib weight, and 0.85 mg/kg (range 0.01 to 8.40) for eight fish 3 to 5 Ib weight;
Lake Erie ?.t Monroe, Michigan: 1975, 0.70 ng/kg for six fish less than 3 Ib
weight; Lake Erie at Port Clinton, Ohio: 1974, 5.7 mg/kg for one fish less than
3 Ib weight, and 1977, 1.5 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight; Genesee
River at Scottsville, New York: 1969, 1.2 mg/kg for one. fish less than 3 Ib
weight, 1971, 1.0 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight, and 3.3 mg/kg for
one fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 1973, 2.6 ng/kg for two fish less than 3 Ib
weight.
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-33-
4.5.8. Sucker ("ig. 6\
Sucker were sampled in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie, and in the Gene-
see River. Results for fish less than 3 Ib weight follow: Lake Michigan, at
Sheboygan, Wisconsin: 1969, 1.9 T2g/kg for one fish and 1974, i.8 ng/kg for
two samples; Lake Huron (area MH-1): 1975, 0.63 ag/kg for six fish; Lake
Huron at Alpeaa, Michigan (area MH-2): 1974, 0.46 mg/kg for one fish and
1977, 0.80 mg/kg for three fish; Lake Erie at Erie. Pennsylvania: 1969, 2.5
mg/kg for one fish, 1970, 2.1 -ng/V.i; for one fish, 1971, 1.3 ng/kp, for two
fish, 1572, 2.2 ag/kg for ore fish, 1974, 0.35 mg/kg for one fish, and 1977,
0.45 mg/kg for two fish: and the Genesee River at Scottsville, New York: 1969,
1.5 mg/kg for one fish, 1970, 1.6 mg/kg for one fish, 1971, 1.2 mg/kg for two
fish, and 1973, 2.2 mg/kg for one fish.
4.5.9. Red Sucker (Fig. 9).
This species was sampled only in The Genesea liver, Scottsvilla, New
York. Results for fish less than 3 ib weight were: 1970, l.S ag/kg for one
sample; 1972, 1.4 mg/kg for one fish; and 1974, 0.42 ag/kg for one fish.
4.5.10. Bloater (Fie. 7).
Bloater were sampled frcn several locations on Lakes Superior and Michi-
gan. At Bayfxeld, Wisconsin on Lake Superior, ?CB concentrations reported
for samples weighing less than 3 Ib weight, collected during the period 1969
to 1974, were: 1969, 3.5 mg/kg for one fish; 1970, 0.89 mg/kg for one fish;
1971, 0.76 mg/kg for two fisn; and 1974, 2.0 ig/kg for two fish.
At Calumet, Michigan on Lake Superior (area MS-3) the median PCS concen-
tration for five fish 3 to 5 Ib weight collected in 1974 was 0.52 mg/kg.
The concentration in fish less than 3 Ib weight at Keweenaw Point, Michi-
gan, Lake Superior (area MS-3) was 0.70 mg/kg for two fish collected in 197-i
and 1.2 mg/kg for two fish collected in ?977.
Six fish weighing 5 to 10 Ib caught off Marquette, Michigan in Lake Sup-
erior (area MS-4) had a median concentration of 0.60 mg/kg. Fish collected
-------
-34-
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at Saugatuck, Michigan on Lake Michigan (area MM-8) in 1974 showed a PCB
concentration of 4.2 tag/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight and in 1977,
3.2 =g/kg for two fish less than 3 Ib weight.
A series of fish sasples less than 3 ID weight was collected at. Sheboy-
gan, Wisconsin on Lake Michigan during the period 1969 to 1977. Results were:
1969, 12.4 eg/kg for one sample; 1970, 4.4 mg/kg for two samples; 1971, 2.4
mg/kg for two sanplej; 1973, 12.3 =g/kg for two fish; 1974, 5.4 ng/kg for two
fish; and 1977, 2.4 aig/kg for two fish.
A single fish less than 3 Ib weight was caught in 1977 at Beaver Island,
Michigan, Lake Michigan (area MM-3) and had a PCB concentration of 6.8 mg/kg.
4.5.11. Burbot.
This species of fish was collected froa Lake Michigan at Escanaba, Michi-
gan (area MM-1) in 1974 and 1975. Results were: 1974, 0.23 mg/kg for two fish
3 to 5 Ib weight, and 5.6 zg/kg for one fish 5 to 10 Ib weight; and 1975, 0.24
mg/kg for six fish less than 3 Ib weight.
4.5.12. White Bass (rig. 9).
White bass were collected form Lakes St. Clair and Erie. In 1975, five
fish less than 3 Ib weight from Lake St. Clair had a PCB concentration of 0.60
mg/kg (range 0.01 to 1.1). A single fish less than 3 Ib weight froa Mt. Clemens,
Michigan, collected in 1974 had a PCB concentration of 3.1 mg/kg.
Seven fish less than 3 Ib weight taken in 1975 at Monroe, Michigan on Lake
Erie had a concentration of 1.8 mg/kg (range 0.50-3.30) and one fish less than
3 Ib weight fron Lake Erie at Port Clinton, Ohio caught in 1974 had a concentra-
tion of 12.0 tag/kg.
4.5.13. Rock Bass (Fig. 9).
Rock bass were taken from the Genesee River at Scottsville, New York and
Port Ontario on Lake Ontario in New York. The results for fish less than 3 Ib
weight taken from the Genesee River were: 1969, 0.39 mg/kg for one fish; 1970,
1.5 mg/kg for one fish, 1971, 0.55 ng/kg for two fish; and 1973, 0.28 rag/kg for
one fish.
-------
-36-
4.5.14. Smallaouth 3ass (Fie. 9).
Two samples of this fish were taken from tha St. Lawrence River at Massena,
N'ew York' in 1971. Results averaged 4.70 mg/kg (range 3.3 to 6.1) for the two
fish less than 3 Ib weight.
4.5.15. White Perch (Fig. 9).
During the period 1969 to ^"'A seven samples of white perch under 3 Ib
weight wtre collected at Port Ontario, New York on Lake Ontario. Results were:
1969, 7.7 mg/kg for one fish; 1970, 4.7 ag/kg Ser one fish; 1971, 9.8 mg/kg
for two fish; 1972, 5.6 mg/kg for one fish; 1977, 3.5 tag/kg for one fish; and
1974, 14.1 mg/kg for one fish.
4.5.16. Northern Pike (Fig. 9).
This specie of fish was sampled during 1970 to 1974 at Scottsville, New
York on the Genesee River and Massena, New York on the St. Lawrence River.
Results were: Genesee River: 1970, 0.85 for one fish less than 3 Ib weight;
1972, 1.8 mg/kg for one f.ish less than 3 ib weight; and 1974, 0.98 nig/kg for
one fish less than 3 Ib weight; St. Lawrence River: 1970, 0.85 mg/kg for one
fish less than 3 Ib weight; 1972, 3.6 mg/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight,
and 19.0 mg/kg for one fish 3 to 5 Ib weight; 1973, 2.6 mg/kg for one fish less
than 3 Ib weight; and 1974, 3.5 ag/kg for one fish less than 3 Ib weight.
4.5.17. Fresh Water Drum (Fig. 9).
This fish was sampled in Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan and Erie, Pennsyl-
vania. The PCB concentrations in fish less than 3 Ib weight were: Monroe:
0.01 aig/kg (range 0.01 to 1.2 ng/kg) for nine fish sampled in 1975; and Erie:
1969, 1.9 mg/kg for one fish; 1970, 2.5 mg/kg for one fish; 1971, l.i mg/kg
for two fish; 1972, 2.5 tag/kg for one fish; and 1974, 1.8 mg/kg for one fish.
4.5.18. Black Crappie.
Two fish were sampled at Scottsville, New York on the Genesee River in 1974
and yielded 0.8S mg PCB/kg for fish less than 3 Ib weight.
-------
-37-
4.5.19. Brovn Bullhead.
A siagla sample was collected in 1574 at Cape Vincent, Lake Ontario, and
showed a concentration of 3.2 mg/kg for a fish less than 3 Ib weight.
^.r.20. Muskie.
Two fish were collected from Lake St. Clair in 1975 each weighing core than
10 Ibs. ?Ci. concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.0 sag/kg with an average value
of 1.5 mg/kg.
A.5.21. Salmon (Fig. 7).
In 1975, six saloon weighing less than -3 Ib each were taken from Lake Erie
at Monroe, Michigan and had a median PCB concentration of 0.50 mg/kg (range 0.01
to 1.00 mg/kg).
4.5.22. Chinook Salmon (Fig. 7).
These fish were taken from lower Lake Michigan in Indiana, Lake Huron (area
MH-3), and Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan. Concentrations reported were as follows:
Lower Lake Michigan: 1973, 12.4 mg/kg for one fish greater than 10 Ib weight; 1974,
12.3 T2g/kg for two fish greater than 10 Ib weight; 1975, 8.8 ag/kg for one fish 5 to
10 Ib weight; and 1977, 5.2 mg/kg (range 2.5 to 7.3 mg/kg) for two fish greater than
10 Ib weight; Lake Huron: 1975, 1.3 mg/kg for four fish less than 3 Ib weight, 0.77
og/kg for two fish 3 to 5 Ib weight, and 3.0 mg/kg for one fish 5 to 10 Ib weight,
and Lake Erie: 1975, 0.40 mg/kg (range 0.01 to 0.40 ng/kg) for five fish less than
3 Ib weight.
4.5.23. Cisco.
Several Cisco under 3 Ib weight were taken from Lake Superior in 1974 from
Calumet, Michigan (area MS-3) and Marquette, Michigan (area MS-4). Results were:
Calunet, 0.85 mg/kg for six fish; Marquette, 0.19 mg/kg for three fish.
A.5.24. Smelt.
Results on only one fish less than 3 Ib weight were reported and amounted to
0.65 =g/kg. This sample was collected in 1975 from ?>ake Huron (area MK-1).
5.0. Discussion.
As stated earlier, the four fish species in order of preference, as indicated
-------
-38-
fron a preliminary evaluation of the references of commercial fishermen in the
Great Lakes area, were yellow perch, lake whitefish, lake herring, and lake trout.
The most extensive data available for review were those pertaining to lake trout,
particularly data available froa the State of Michigan, which collected samples
from Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron in 1975.
Since samples were collected in different years, to get a true representation
of change.'; in PCB concentrations levels it would have been desirable to have data on
the age of the fish caught for analysis. Unfortunately, such data were nor. available
and relations, therefore, had to be established between weight and length, between
^v,
length and PCB concentration, and between weight and PCB concentration. Weight-length
relationships were desirable when the data contained one of these parameters and not
the other. Age of fish would have helped in attempts to relate PCB concentration ai:d
to reported lengths or weights of fish.
5.1. Lake Trout.
To define the nature of the distribution of PCS levels in lake trout some of the
data reported specifically for areas MS-3, MS—i, MS-5, and MS-6 for Lake Superior
were plotted on log probability paper and established the fact that levels followed
a geometric distribution rather than an arithmetic one. The plot (Fig. 10) indicates
that for this distribution of lake trout data, the 50 percent value or geometric mean
x
amounted to 1,3 ng/Vg with a geometric standard deviation of 2.21 (M/g\ 7-£T"}g\ =
x
1.3 T 2.21). If the assumption is nade that this distribution is characteristic of
all lake trout in Lake Michigan, these da^a show that only 4.5 percent of the fish
would exceed the current FDA permissible concentration in fish tissue of 5 mg/kg. If
the value is reduced to 2 mg/kg than approximately 29 percent of the fish would exceed
this value.
If these same data were replotted in the basis of the three fish weights— < 3,
3 to 5, and 5 to 10 Ib, the distributions are those shown in Fig. 11. It will be
noted that much greater variations occur in the fish under 3 Ib, but the other two
distributions by weight are consistant and' show the log normal distribution. The
approximate characteristics of these three curves are: For fish less than 3 Ib
-------
-39-
Fig. 10
Lake Trout - Lake Superior
1975 Michigan Data
10,0
'
1,0
o MS-3
A MS-4
A MS-5
• MS-6
o
E
CO
o
G.
0,1
O.A
0.01 0.05 Gi0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 30.4050 60 70 80 90 95..- 98 99
Percent £ than Stated Value '. -
-------
-40-
Fig. 1 1
10
o
O5
£
a
o
Q.
0.1
o MS-3
• MS-4
* MS-5
A MS-6
Lake Trout - Lake Superior
1975 Michigan Data
3-5*
0.01 0.05 OJ 02 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 TO 80 90 95
Percent
-------
-41-
.XX X
M/£\iCT/®\' 0.64 i 2.14 sag/kg; for tha 3 to 5 Ib weight, 1.13 ; 1.81 mg/kg; and for
x
the 5 to 10 Ib weight 1.94 T 1.80 mg/kg. Further examination of these data shows
that approximately 0.35 percent of the less than 3 Ib weight fish, less than 0.7
percent of the 3 to 5 Ib weight fish, and almost 5.5 percent p.f. che 'j to 10 Ib
weight fish would exceed the present FDA value of 5 mg/kg PCf> in fish. If the value
is reduced to 2 mg/kg these values could increase to approximately 7 percent, 17.5
percent, and 49 percent, respectively.
Included here by way of examples are two plots (Figs. 12 and 13) which
attempted to ascribe a relation between either length and PCB concentrations
or weight and PCB concentrations. It will be seen that a correlation is not
readily apparent, however, one can speculate that a possible relationship
exists between length and PCB concentration. As can be seen in the logarithmic
plot in Fig. 14, the correlation between PCB body burden in mg and weight in
grains was .much improved. The data used to develop this plot were those reported
for the four sampling areas in Lake Superior.
5.1.1. Variation in Lake Trout Correlations by Location.
Reference to Figs. 4a-f show the variation in PCB concentrations with
weight and by location. As indicated earlier, lake trout samples to.ken from
Lake Superior designated as MS-3, MS-4, and MS-5, generally showed lower con-
centrations than did fish taken from point-designated sources. If the assump-
tion is made that the area samples came from open water and the point samples
from near-snore locations, the differences might be accounted for by the fact
that the fish taken from near-shore areas were exposed to higher concentrations
in the bottom muds that were deposited in these areas. Fish taken from the
areas indicated might have been exposed to deeper waters and to contributions
of PCB primarily from precipitation or dry fallout following uptake through
the food chain. Near-shore fish were exposed to higher concentrations in
bottom muds contributed form discharges from tributaries receiving surface
runoff as well as direct discharge from point sources. Other factors which
could effect differences in PCB concentrations would be the food chain of
-------
-42-
100
= 10
D)
'o
O
^
CT
£
m"
CL 1.0
0.1
Fig. 12
Lake Trout 1975 Michigan Data
o Lake Superior
* Lake Michigan
a Lake Huron
O
0
A
0
0
0° oO°
9
0
8,
a o
a o °^ °
a
o o
o
10 15. 20 25 30 35
Length, inches
^.,-^-i^t.*. ^.. —-rf •—'-"-r— ^r-ti
-------
-43-
Fig. 13
Lake Trout
1975 Michigan Data
100
o Lake Superior
* Lake Michigan
a Lake Huron
10
cr
1.0
Pn o
*A A
0.1
I 1 1
1 1
o.:
i.o 10
s
PCB, mg/kg (wet weight)
50
-------
-44-
C)
c
o
T3
D
m
o
CQ
CO
o
Q.
10
0.1
10
Fig. 14
Michigan Data
LAKE TROUT - LAKE SUPERIOR
MS-3
MS-4
MS-5
MS-6
• o
A A A •
ilo-
Weight, grams
10
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-45-
fish caught in deep water versus those taken from near-shore areas. Since
information is not given on actual sample locations, the above reasoning is
purely speculative.
If the levels reported thus far, primarily 19"M and 1975, but with values
as recent as 1977, are still indicative of fish concentrations today, it will
be seen from a further examination of Figs. 4a-f that there are a number of
areas where fish PC3 levels exceed the current FDA limit of 5 ng/kg and if the
level is lowered to 2 mg/kg that many acre fish would exceed this limit. Areas
exceeding the 5 mg/kg level, in terms of median concentrations, include Isle
Royale for fish in the 5 to 10 Ib weight g'-oup; Ontanagon, 3 to 5 Ib; Calumet,
all weight groupings at different times; Marquette, 3 to 5 Ib and 5 to 10 Ib;
Open water area (MS-5) for all weight groups; Grand Marais, 3 to 5 and 5 to
10 Ib; Whitefish Bay, some fish in the 5 to 10 Ib group; Escanaba, less than
3 Ib; Saugatuck, less than 3 Ib and 3 to 5 It; Sheboygan, 3 to 5 and 5 to 10
Ib; and southern Lake Michigan (Indiana data), all weight groupings. The
highest levels reported generally were in fish collected in Marquette, Grand
Marais, and southern Lake Michigan areas.
Some tne above observations are based upon the analysis of very few fish,
but with the normal geometric variation indicated for these data, one can
expect considerable variation from thes
-------
-46-
of 5 ag/kg. From the data indicated and based .On the most recent levels found
in one or two fish sampled, all of the remaining areas sampled would apparently
meet even the proposed 2 mg/kg limit. However, this sratenent if. based on the
very few samples collected at a given time or place. It would be of value to
determine levels in yellow perch at other locations if they are present in
those waters, but most important would be further sample collections to obtain
information on the variation in levels that can occur in this species at thsse
critical locations, namely, Saugatuck, Sheboygan, and Port Ontario.
5.3. Lake Uhitefish.
The second most preferred species of fish identified by commercial fisher-
men was the lake whitefish. Relatively few data are available as indicated in
Fig. 6 and all results reported were below the present FDA level of 5 mg/kg
and the proposed level of 2 mg/kg.
5.I*. Lake Herring.
ThrLs was the fourth most preferred fish as indicated by the coiaraercial
fishermen. Little information was available on levels of PCB in this species
of fish since only one value was reported from a sample taken at Keweenaw Point
on Lake Superior in 1974. The PCB level reported at that time was 1.1 mg/kg
for a fish less than 1 Ib weight. There is need to obtain more information on
this species of fish, not only because it is consumed by man. but because it may
be a major factor in the prey-predator ecological system in Lake Superior.
5.5. Other Fish.
A number of other fish were sampled at various locations and at various
times. The significance of findings relating to these will be discussed in
this section. Fat trout (see Fig. 5) data indicate an increase in concentration
as a function of fish weight ana location Jn Lake Superior with the lowest levels
recorded in samples collected in the western end of the lake and increasing as
one moved eastward. If the levels indicated for 1975 are still valid the median
values for the 5 to 10 Ib fish from area MS-1, and all other *ish taken from
Mjgntrfrfu
-------
areas MS-3 and MS-5 exceed the current 5 ag/kg FDA limit. All median values
indicated would exceed the proposed level of 2 ng/kg.
Soae individual levels of walleye (Fig. 6) exceeded the 5 ng/kg F3A liait
but vhere rsore samples were collected all cedian values were below 1 mg/kg.
Data shown In Fig. 6 for sucker indicated higher levels of PC3 present in a
sanple collected at Sheboygan in 1969 as compared to two samples collected in
1974. In general, all other fish concentrations were in the range of 0.1 to
1.0 ng/kg.
Bloater (Fig. 7) showed high concentrations in samples taken at Saugatuck,
Sheboygan, and Beaver Island.
Levels in both brown and rainbow trout were low (Fig. 7).
Salmon levels at Monroe were lov for fish less than 3 Ib weight. Analysis
for chinook salmon collected in lower Lake Michigan showed a reduction in concen-
tration with time for fish greater than 10 Ib weight. The av-rage value for two
samples collected in 1977 was slightly greater than 5 ag/kg. Fish less than 3
Ib weight had concentrations in the 0.01 to 0.4 ng/kg range. Cisco levels at
Calumet had a median concentration of 0.85 Eg/kg and at Marquette 0.19 ng/kg.
Highest carp concentrations were observed in T,ake St. Clair and Lake Erie,
but all median or average values were below 5 mg/kg (Fig. 8).
Median catfish concentrations for fish less than 3 Ib weight were higher
than those indicated for carp, and all were in the range of 5 mg/kg (Fig. 8).
Two channel catfish sanples averaged less than 5 mg/kg (Fig. 8).
White bass concentrations varied with location, the highest concentration
(in excess of 10 mg/kg) was reported for a single sample of fish taken at Port
Clinton in 1974 (Jig. 9). Rock bass samples collected only from Port Ontario
fluctuated somewhat ranging with time from about 2.5 to 7 mg/kg (Fig. 9).
Additional samples are needed to confirm the levels indicated, since several of
the samples exceeded the 5 mg/kg FDA limit. Two small nouth bass samples aver-
aged -i.7 zg/kg for fish under 3 Ib weight (Fig. 9).
-------
Khite perch at Pore Ontario (Fig. 9) fluctuated from 3.5 to 1A.1 tag/kg.
With orje exception, when two samples were taken, all values are for single
saaples. In addition, the last value reported in 1974 was the highest value
indicated.
Northern pike (Fig. 9) showed lower levels in the Genesee River but higher
levels in the-St. Lawrence River at Massens: the highest concentration (19.0
rag/kg) was reported for a 3 to 5 Ib fish; lower concentrations, ranging from
2.6 to 5.9 nig/kg, were observed for fish less than 3 Ib weight.
The three red sucker samples (Fig. 9) collected from the Genesee River
were all below 2 ng/kg.
Fresh water drum samples taken iron Xonroe were below 2 mg/kg in concen-
tration whereas those taken at Erie, Pa. were in the range of 1.1 to 2.6 ng/kg
(Fig. 9).
Burbot samples (Table A-2) taker, froa Lake Michigan were low for fish less
than 3 Ib and 3 to 5 Ib, but a single sample of a 5 to 10 Ib fish yielded a ?CB
concentration of 5.6 ng/kg.
Two sanples of nuskie taken from the lake St. Clair averaged 1.5 mg/kg.
A single smelt sample taken in Lake Huron in 1975 showed a concentration of
0.65 sg/kg. It is unfortunate that no more samples were collected of smelt,
since they are consumed extensively at particular times of the year, and, in
addition, they constitute a major portion of food supply of lake predators. To
provide a better understanding of food chain relationships additional analysis
should be carried out.
In many cases, the data reported for the various fish species encountered
are extrenely few, making any valid interpretations extremely difficult, if not
impossible. Since fish constitute the aajor exposure route to man, more inform-
ation is needed on PC3 concentrations in fish, particularly in these areas where
higher levels have been observed.
5.6. Specie Differences in PCS Concentrations.
Comparisons can be aade of species collected in the sane general 'location
-------
-49-
to identify increased concentrations and uptake.
5.6.1. Lake Superior^
Multiple species of fish were collected at Bayfield (lake trout, whitefish,
and bloater); at Calumet (lake trout, whitefish, bloater, Cisco); at Keweenaw
Point (lake trout, lake herring, bloater); MS-3 (lake trout, fat trout); Mar-
quette (lake trout, whitefish, bloater, Cisco); and MS-5 (lake trout, fat trout).
At JJayfield the whitefish and bloater sampled were less than 3 Ib weight
and the concentration in bloater (0.76-3.5 ag/kg) was just a little higher than
that for whitefish (0.31 to 2.0 ag/kg), whereas the lake trout sampled were in
the 3 to 5 Ib class (1.4 to 2.8 mg/kg) and 5 to JO Ib class (1.5 to 2.7 mg/kg).
At Calumet the concentrations of PCB in fish less than 3 Ib were lake trout
> whitefish = Cisco; in the 3 to 5 Ib class, lake trout > whitefish > bloater;
no whitefish, bloater, or cisco were caught in the 5 to 10 or greater than 10
Ib class to compare with lake trout in this weight range.
At Keweenaw Point the lake trout and bloater sampled were in different
veight classes and cannot be compared. Bloater and lake herring concentrations
were apparently equal for the less than 3 Ib weight class.
Fat trout iaken fron area MS-3 were 30 to 100 times higher in concentration
for respective weight sizes compared to lake trout.
At Marquette concentration differences for the less than 3 Ib weight were
lake trout > whitefish « cisco; for the 3 to 5 Ib weight, lake trout > whitefish; |
and for the 5 to 10 Ib weight, lake trout > bloater. j
At MS-5, concentrations in fat trout exceeded those reported for lake trout
by 227, 262, and 520 times for "eights less than 3 Ib, 3 to 5 Ib, and 5 to 10 Ib, |
respectively.
5.6.2. Lake Michigan.
Multiple species of fish were collected from Lake Michigan at the following
points: Escanaba (lake trout, burbot); Saugatuck (lake trout, yellow perch,
bloater); Sheboygan (lake trout, yellow perch, sucker, bloater); and lower Lake
Michigan (lake trout, y=.ilow perch, chinook salmon).
\
-------
-50-
At Escanaba the lake trout exceeded the concentration for burbot in the
less than 3 Ib weight class.
At Saugatuck the concentration order was lake trout > yellow perch>
bloater, for the less than 3 Ib weight class.
AtSheboygan for the less than 3 Ib weight class the order was yellow perch =
bloater > sucker. Lake trout campled were all larger than the < 3 Ib size.
Fish species collected in lower Lake Michigan showed the following concen- •
tration patterns: less than 3 Ib weight, lake trout > yellow perch; and greater
than 10 Ib weight, lake trout > chinook salmon.
5.6.3. Lake Huron.
Several species of fish were collected from each of the following areas
on Lake Huron: MH-1 (le.ke trout, whitefish, sucker, smelt); Alpena (lake trout,
yellow perch, wtitefish, sucker); and MH-3 (whitefish and chinook salnon).
At MH-1 the order of concentration was lake trout > smelt = sucker > white-
fish for fish less than 3 Ib weight.
The order for ccncentration at Alpena for the less than 3 Ib group was
yellow perch = sucker > whitefish.
At MH-3 the order for both the less than 3 Ib and 3 to 5 Ib groups was
chinook salmon > whitefish.
5.6.q. Lake St. Clair.
Species collected in Lake St. Clair were catfish, yellow perch, white bass,
and auskie and at Mt. Clemens along Lake St. Clair, carp, walleye, and white
bass.
For Lake St. Clair the order of concentrations was yellow perch > white
bass > walleye in the less than 3 Ib group, and catfish > walleye for the 3 to
5-Ib class; at Mt. Clemens the order was walleye > carp > white bass.
5.6.5. Lake Erie.
Species collected at points on Lake Erie included carp, catfrsh, walleye,
white bass, fresh water drun, rainbow trout, salmon, and chinook salnon at
-------
-51-
Monroe; carp, walleye, and white bass at Port Clinton; and yellow perch,
sucker, and fresh water drum at Erie.
At Monroe, Michigan the order of concentrations found for the less than
3 Ib weight size was catfish >carp >white bass > walleye = rainbow trout >
salmon >Chinook salmon >fresh water drum; at Port Clinton, Ohio the order
was white bass >yellow perch >sucker; at Erie, Pennsylvania the order was
fresh water drum > sucker >yellow perch.
5.6.6. Lake Ontario.
Sampling locations and species collected from Lake Ontario were Port Ont-
ario (carp, catfish, yellow perch, rock bass, channel catfish, 2nd white perch),
and Cape Vincent (yellow perch, brown bullhead).
For Port Ontario the order of PCS concentrations in fish leys than 3 Ib
weight was white perch > yellow perch > catfish = channel catfish > rock bass
> carp; and at Cape Vincent the order was brown bullhead >yellow perch.
5.6.7. Genesee River at Scottsville, Hew York.
Several species of fish were collect at Scottsville and included carp,
walleye, sucker, red bass, red sucker, black crappie, and Northern pike. The
order of concentration was carp > walleye > sucker > red sucker = Northern pike
> black crappie >rock bass for fish under 3 Ib weight.
5.6.8. St. Lawrence River, Massena, New York.
Three species of fish were sampled at Massena, namely: yellow perch, small
mouth bass, and Northern pike. The order of concentration for fish under 3 Ib
weight was small mouth bass > Northern pike >yellow perch.
From the specie concentrations indicated above, there are specie differences
at different locations. This statement is based on a very limited number of
analysis in many instances and may not truly reflect intake considerations. Such
information is of general interest in that it identifies those species which have
the highest concentrations, reflects on the food chain habits of the fish, and
helps identify their ecological niche in Great Lake waters in relation to the
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-52-
characteristics of these waters. Much more information is needed. Overall,
based on areas from which the fish were obtained, it appears that' the highest
concentrations reported were for lake trout taken froa: the lower end of Like
Michigan and from the Open water area and Grand Marais in eastern i-ake Superior.
Similar high values were reported for fat trout taken from the same area of
Lake Supeiior.
6.0. References.
1. Great Lakes Environmental Contamination Survey-1975, Michigan Depart-
ment of Agriculture in conjunction with Michigan Department of Natural
Resources, Michigan Department of Health, Food and Drug Administration.
2. United States Fish and Wildlife Data. STORE! EPA KBS 4Y, September 10,
1980.
3. United States Fish and Wildlife Data. STORET EPA KBS 1C, August 20,
1980.
4. Fish Data-Upper Peninsula, Michigan, STORET EPA KBS 19, August 20, 1980.
5. Fish Data-Upper Peninsula, Michigan, STORET E. , KBS 1A, Agusut 20, 1980.
6. Koch, R.A., Contaminant Levels in the Fishes of Southern Lake Michigan,
1973-1978. Fisheries Section, ludi.ina Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 (1979).
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TABLE A.I. Summarv of Lake Trout Data Examined
Location
Lake Superior,
Bayfield, Wisconsin
Lake Superior, Isle
Royale (MI) MS-1
(Keweenaw County).
Sampling Dace
1969
1970
1971
1972
1974
1977
May,
1974
May,
1975
Lake Superior, Ontonagon
(MD-MS-2 (Ontonagon
County) June,
1974
July,
1974
Lake Superior, Calumet (MI)
MS-3 (Keweenaw County) Feb.,
1974
May,
1974
June,
1974
July,
1974
May,
1975
PCB ng/kg (wet wgt.)
Md. Hanee
Analysis Size, ib
2.84
1.29
1.41
2.15
2.7
1.5
0.73
1.8
3.33
,07
,04
6.29
0.38
0.69
1.66
25
32
48
94
8.62
5.47
5.8
2.20
3-: 30
(1.10-1.72)
(1.30-3.00)
(0.33-5.66)
(1.4-2.8)
(1.99-5.99)
(1.73-3.84)
(2.17-7.37)
(3.47-13.03)
2.25
8.80
2.69
6.57
4.99
(1.60-3.87)
(1.11-14.40)
(0.43-3. 85)
(4.18-11.40)
(3.57-8.4)
6.86 (2.67-18.41)
(0.02-0.78)
(0.02-2.28)
(0.99-6.81)
(1.20-1.65)
(1.35-10.62)
(1.87-4.5)
(1.5-10.50)
(2.75-10.50)
(1.42-12.25)
(0.57-12.9)
(0.32-11.61)
5
17
7
6
5
11
6
10
3
4
4
1
5
10
9
10
8
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-5
5-10
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5
5-10
<3
<3
3-5
5-1C
<3
3-5
5-10
> 1C
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5
5-10
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-54-
TABLE A.I. Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined (Cont'd)
Location
Sampling Date
Lake Superior, Keweenaw
Point (Ml) MS-3 (Keweenaw
County) 1974
1977
J-ake Superior, Betsy Bay
(MI) MS-3 May,
1975
Lake Superior-MS-3
1975
Lake Superior, Marquette (MI)
MS-4 (Marquette County) Feb.,
1974
May,
1974
Juns,
1974
Oct. ,
1974
May,
1975
Lake Superior, Grand Portal
(MI) MS-4 (Alger County)
June,
1975
Lake Superior, MS-4 1975
Lake Superior, Au Sable (MI)
MS-5 (Alger County) May,
1975
PCR mg/kg (wet wgt.)
M
4.
10
7
8
27
1
9
15
5
4
2
3
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
> 10
3-5
3-10
> 10
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5
5-10
-------
-55-
TABLE A.I. Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined (Cont'd)
PCB tag/kg (wet wgt.)
Location
Lake Superior, Open
(MI) MS- 5
Lake Superior, Grand
Sampling Date
Waters
June,
1975
Marais.
Md.
14.84
17.07
27,19
10.36
Range No.
-
(4.63-45.15)
'(14.06-36.58)
(24.39-29.26)
(4.03-31.25)
Anal'
6
6
4
4
(MI) MS-5 (Alger County)
Lake buperior, MS-5
Mav,
1975
Sept.,
1975
1975
1.12
1.33
1.52
36.76
39.58
0.5-i
1.05
1.72
(0.96-2.56)
(0.64-1.44)
(1.12-2.40)
(29.56-43.97)
(17.69-61.56)
(0.29-1.48)
(0.81-1.39)
(1.02-4.42)
5
3
6
2
2
8
5
11
Lake Superior, Whitcfish Bay
(MI) MS-6 (Chippewa
Lake Superior, MS-6
County)
May,
1974
June,
1974
May-
June,
1975
1975
0.38
0.81
1.18
1.94
5.18
0.72
0.65
1.87
0.72
0.65
1.87
(0.29-0.51)
(0.51-3.22)
(0.74-1. 75)
(0.59-3.33)
(3.60-5.92)
(0.62-0.92)
(0.97-3.12)
(0.62-0.92)
(0.97-3.12)
5
3
.5
6
4
5
1
12
' 5
1
12
Lake Michigan, Escanaba (MI)
MM-1 (Delta County)
Lake Michigan, MM-1
Jan. ,
1974
Dec. ,
1975
1975
1.10
2.67
2.67
(0.74-2.03)
(1.40-3.50)
(1.40-3.50)
3
6
6
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
3-5
5-10
<3
<3
<3
Lake Michigan, MM-3 (Beaver Island,
MI) (Charlevoix County)
1977 1.6 1 5-10
-------
-56-
TABLE A.1. Summary of Lake Trout Data Examined (Cont'd)
PCB mg/kg . (Wet wgt.) . .
Location Samoling Date Md.
Lake Michigan, MM-5
.
•-
Lake Michigan, MM-6
Lake Michigan, Saugatuck
MM-8, (Allegan County)
Lake Michigan, Sheboygan
(Sheboygan County)
Lake Michigan, Lower end
(Indiana)
Lake Huron, MK-1
19?5
1975
, (MI)
1974
1977
(WI)
1971
1973
1974
1977
1974
1975
May-
June,
1976
Oct. ,
1976
April,
1977
1975
2.10
4.19
23,6
2.61
6.56
23.54
27.8
13.0
7.3
7.81
9.8
0.6
6.9
13.6
44
37
8.6
12.4
10
1.5 "
2.7
5.3
19.6
11.5
55.2
71.8
6.44
5.02
11.0
19.9
0.93
2.10
Range No. Analysis Size, Ib*
(1.66-5.66)
(2.64-5.74)
(21. 50-29-. 43)
(2.25-7.82)
(3.56-9.55)
(18.24-28.85)
(7.03-8.59)
(7.9-11.7)
(31-60)
(7.9-13.7)
(7.9-21,8)
(0.86-3.4)
(1.0-3.0)
(1.3-11.2)
(4.42-29.4)
(7.71-122.0)
(66.3-93.3)
(3.8-7.36)
(6. 03-36. 2)
(0.36-1.85)
(1.65-2.76)
7
2
3 -
4
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
1
6
6
1
5
3
8
1
4
15
4
1
4
6
1
12
6
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
3-5
5-10
>10
<3
3-5
5-10
3-5 .
3-5
3-5
5-10
-5-10
> 10
3-5 +
5-10+
> 10+
<3 +
3-5 +
" 5-10+
>10+
3-5 +fi
5-10+4
> 10+-'-'
<3 +
3-5 +
5-10+
> 10+
<3
3-5
Lake Huron, Alpena (MI) MH-2
(Alpena County)
Lake Huron, MH-5
1977
1975
4.6
5.7
1
1
3-5
5-10
*Sacple analyzed generaDy included 3 fish.
+Weight estimated from length.
•'Fin clips.
-------
-------
-57-
TABLE A.2. Summarv of Other Fish Data Examined
Sampling
Fish Soecies Location
Sucker • Lake Michigan-Sheboygan, WI
Lake Huron MH-1
Lake Huron-Alpena MH-2
Lake Erie, Erie, PA
Genesee River-Scottsville, CT
*
•
Fat Trout Lake Superior-MS-1
MS-3
.
MS -5
Carp Lake Huron MH-4
MH-5
Lake St. Clair-Mt. Clemens
Lake Erie-Monroe, MI
Lake Erie-Port Clinton, OH
Genesee River-Scottsville, NY
Lake Ontario, Port Ontario, NY
Catfish Lake St. Clair
Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lak» Ontario-Port Ontario, NY
Date
1969
1974
1975
1974
1977
1969
1970
' 1971
1-972
1974
1977
1969
1970
1971
1973
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1974
1977
1975
1974
1977
1970
1975
1975
1977
PC3 mg'/kg
Md.
14.80
1.85
0.63
0.46
0.80
2.48
2.08
1.30
2.20
0.35
0.45
1.54
1.56
1.25
2.20
3.07
4.04
6.29
8.33
11.28
7.74
14.84
23.32
27.19
20.36
1.00
1.80
0.40
1.20
2.75
4.1
5.7
4.2
• 2.40
2.80
3.90
1.3
2.8
2.5
1.01
7.70
6.05
4.75
4.9
Ranee Analysis
(J. 70-2. 00)
(0.48-0.87)
(0.60-1.10)
(1.19-1.42)
(0.40-0.50)
(0.99-1.51)
(1.73-3.34)
(2. 17-7. 37)
(3.47-13.03)
(5.80-12.25)
(9.67-12.9)
(3.87-11.61)
(4.68-45.15)
(14.06-43.97)
(17.59-61.56)
(4.03-31.25)
(0.50-1.30)
(1.40-2.90)
(0.20-1.20)
(0.60-3.20)
(0.60-4.90)
(1.90-6.30)
(1.00-4.70)
(1.00-6.5)
(2.4-3.1)
(2.3-2.7)
(5.30-6.80)
(0.36-6.50)
(4.4-5.4)
1
2
6
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
7
7
5
5
2
2
6
8
6 • -
4
3
5
6
4
2
2
1
1
5
6'
1
1
2
2
1
1
i
2
6-
2
Size Ib
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5
5-10
•= 3
3-5
5-10
> 10
3-5
5-10
< 3
3-5 .
5-10
< 3
< 3
3-5
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
< 3
\
-------
-------
-58-
TABLE A.2. Summary of Other Fish Examined (ConC'd)
Fish Species
Yellow Perch
Whitefish
Walleve
Location
Lower Lake Michigan, IN*
Lake Michigan-Saugatuck MM-8
Lake Michigan-Sheboygan, WI
Lake Huron-Alpena MH-2
Lake St. Clair
Lake Erie, Erie, PA
Lake Ontario-Port Ontario, NY
Lake Ontario-Cape Vincent, NY
St. Lawrence R.-Massena, NY
Lake Superior-Bayfield, WI
Lake Superior-Calumet, MI MS-3 1974
Lake Superior-Marquette, MI MS-
Lake Huron, MH-1
Lake Huron, Alpena MH-2
Lake Huron, MH-3
Lake-.St. Clair, Mt. Clemens
Lake St. Clair
Sampling
Date
1973
1971
1975
1974
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
'1974
i-975
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
'1974
1977
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1974
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1969
1970
1971
1974
1977
! 1974
>~H
1974
1975
1974
1975
1974
1977
•'1975
PCB
Md.
2.4
0.20
0.48
3.07
12.6
7.42
11.4
9.4
7.8
0.69
1.20
2.33
2.40
1.11
1.65
0.75
0."95
0.60
7.08
2.48
7.36
6.2
5.2
7.2
1.1
1.45
2.12
3.15
1.10
1.05
1.96
0.58
0.31
0.70
0.60
0.83
1.12
0.22
0.28
0.38
0.22
0.51
0.38
0.33
12.00
5.7
0.50
0.85
mg/kg .
Range Analysis
(0.11-0.30)
(0.48-1.9)
(1.73-3.84)
(10.7-12.2)
(8.9-9.8)
(7.6-8.1)
(0.65-0.73)
(1.10-1.30)
(2.34-2.45)
(1.00-1.22)
(1.5-1.8)
(0.70-0.80)
(0. 90-1. 00} -
(2.24-2.71)
(6.51-8.21)
(3.7-8.7)
(2.8-7.6)
(6.3-8.0)
(0.9-1.3)
(1.45-1.45)
(1.64-2.60)
(2.6-3.7)
(1.00-1.20)
(1.0-1.1)
(-0.55-0,60)
(0.24-0.38)
(0.14-1.3)
(0.27-1.96)
(0.16-0.43)
. (0.36-0.39)
(0.14-0.28)
(0.23-0.66)
(0.20-0.38)
(0.30-1.20)
(0.01-8.40)
1*
2*
2*
7
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2 • -
2
1
1
3
3 .
1
4
2
6
-1
5
3
1
1
4
3
Size Ib
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
< 3
3-5
5-10
< 3
< 3 -
< 3
3-5
< 3
< 3
< 3
3-5
*Variable numbers of fish per sample*.
-------
-------
-59-
TABLE A.2. Summary of Other Fish Examined (Cont'd)
Sampling
Fish Soecies
Walleye
Red Sucker
Black Crappie
Brown Bullhead
Herring
Fresh Water
Drum
Bloater
.
Burbot
Location
Lake Erie, Monroe
Lake Erie, Port Clinton
Genesee River, Scottsville, NY
Genesee River, NY
Genesee River, NY
Cape Vincent, Lake Ontario
Date
1975
1974
1977
1969
1971
1973
1970
1972
1974
1974
1974
PCB mg/kg
Md.
0.70
5.7
1.5
1.25
1.04
3.28
2.55
1.8.
1.4
0.42
0.88
3.2
Range Analvsis
(0.20-1.10)
(2.1-3.0)
0). 57-1. 20)
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
Size Ib
< 3
<3
<3
<3
<3
3-5
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
Lake Superior, Keweenaw Pt. MS- 3
Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lake Erie, Erie, PA
Lake Superior, Bayfield, WI
Lake Superior, Calumet, MI MS-3
Lake Superior, Keweenaw Pt., MI
MS-3
Lake Superior, Marquette, MI
MS-4
Lake Michigan-Saugatuck, MI
MH-8 •
Lake. Michigan, Sheboygan, WI
Lake Michigan, Beaver IS. KM-3
Lake Michigan-MM-1 Escanaba, MI
1974
1975
1969
1970
1971
1972
1974
1969
1970
1971
1974
1974
1974
1977
1974
1974
1977
1969
1970'
1971
1973
1974
1977
1977
1975
1974
1.1
0.01
1.94
2.60
1.14
2.6
1.8
3.47
0.89
0.76
2.0
0.52
0.70
1.15
0,60
4.2
3.2
12.4
4.36
2.44
12.3
5.4
2.4
' 6.8
0.24
0.23
- 5.60.
(0.01-1.20)
(0.73-1.54)
(0.68-0.83)
-(1.2-2.7)
(0.45-1.05)
(0.61-0.79)
(0.90-1.4)
(0.44-1.06)
(3.1-3.3)
(3.91-4.82)
(2.08-2.81)
(10.9-13.7)
(3.2-7.6)
(2.2-2.6)
(0.07-0i.8-l)
(0.02-0.44)
1
9
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
2
2
6 .
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
.2
1
6
i
1 .
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
3-5
<3
' <3
5-10
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
3-5
5-10
-------
-------
-60-
TABLE A.2. Sumnarv of Other Fish Examined (Cont'd)
Sampling
Fish Species
Brown Trout
Rainbow Trout
Muskie
Salmon
Chinook Salmon
*
•
Cisco
Smelt
White Bass
Rock Bass
Small Mouth
Bass
Channel Catfish
White Perch
Location
Lake Huron-MH-2
Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
St. Clair
Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lower Lake Michigan, IN
Lake Huron, MH-3
Lake Erie, Monroe, MI
Lake Superior, Calumet, MI MS-3
Lake Superior, Marquette, MI
MS-4
Lake Huron-MH-1
Lake St. Clair
Lake St. Clair, Mt.. Clemens
Monroe, Lake Erie, MI
Lake Erie, Pt. Clinton, OH
Genesee River
Port Ontario, Lake Ontario
St. Lawrence River, Massena, NY
Lake Ontario, Pt. Ontario, NY
Lake Ontario, Pt. Ontario, NY
Date
1975
1975
1975
1975'
h973
1974
1975
1977
1975
1975
1974
1974
1975
1975
1974
1975
1974
1969
1970
1971
1973
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1977
1971
1977
1969
1970
1971
PCB mg/kg Number
Md.
0.64
1.70
1.14
C.70
1.50
0.50
12.4
12.3
8.8
5.16
1.32
0.77
2.97
0.40
0.85
0.19
0.65
0.60
3.1
1.8
12.0
. 0.39
1.54
0.55
0.28
4.1
2.6
4.3
5.9
2.6
7.0
3.0
4.70
4.9 -
7.68
4.69
9.76
Range Analysis
(0.48-0.81)
.(1.13-2.26).
(0.01-3.00)
(0.01-1.00)
(12.3-12.3)
(2.57-7.75)
(0.99-1.52)
(0.71-0.83)
(0.01-0.40)
(0.48-2.05)
(0.13-0.34)
(0.01-1.10)
(0.50-3.30)
(0.50-0.60)
(4.17-4.43)
(3.31-6.09)
(4.4-5.4)
(8.33-11.2)
3
2
1
1
-
2
1
2
1
2
4
2
1
5
6
3
1
5
1
7
1
1
1
2
1
1
j.
1
• 2
1
1
1
1
2
2 -
1
1
2 "
Size Ib
<3
3-5
5-10
<3
> 10
> 10
>10
> 10
5-10
> 10
<3
3-5
5-10
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
< 3
-------
-------
-61-
TABLE A.2. Suanarv of Othsr Fish Exaained (Cont'd)
rish Soecies Location
White Perch Lake Ontario, Pt. Ontario, NY 1972
Northern Pike Genesee River. NY
St. Lawrence River, Massena 1970
Sampling
Pate
1972
1973
1974
1970
1972
1974
1970
1972
1973
1974
PCS rag/kg
Md. Ranee
5.6
3.5
U.I
0.85
1.8
0.98
5.94
2.6
19.0
2.6
3.6
Analysis
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Size Ib
<3
<3
<3
<3
<3
<=3
«=3
<3
3-5
<2
<3
•/
•:"--/
-------
^
* .
tr
CQ 2
^ LU
Q Q.
Z 13
LU CO
& V
< <
H-»
13
O
•
*w
h-
0
co
i
_j
i
i
CO
Q.
IE
CO
c
Q
•—
"S
0
Q:
O5
'0
^
1
JZ
0)
c
0
—1
;
1:
^
^^^
*^§^
•re^fe1**
c'\Q<
^QV— i
^^N? ^i
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^^*QT
^S.
------- |