oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA/540/8-89/010
Superfund '89 Conference
November 27-29, 1989
Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program
The Environmental Protection Agency's
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program is now ending its third year
of promoting and evaluating new ways to
remediate uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites. Thirty-eight technology developers,
including 11 accepted in 1989 for 12
technologies, are now active participants in
the Demonstration Program for field-scale
technologies. They represent a wide array
of innovative technologies, from thermal
treatment and bioremediation to soil
washing, solvent extraction, and in-situ
stripping.
Since the first demonstration test in 1987,
EPA has conducted 13 demonstrations, and
published nine reports on six of them. At
least nine field tests are in the planning
stages. These include in-situ
bioremediation, plasma heat vitrification,
and in-situ steam stripping. In January,
1990, EPA will publish the fifth annual
solicitation to invite new participants to the
Demonstration Program.
The Emerging Technologies Program has
eight newly accepted participants, for a total
of 15 bench- and pilot-scale technologies.
Constructed wetlands, electroacoustics, and
lasers are some of the methods being
investigated for application to Superfund
cleanups. EPA may approve as many as
fourteen additional emerging technologies
from the 1989 annual solicitation, and plans
to publish the fourth annual solicitation in
July, 1990. The Emerging Program may
supply field-ready technologies for
evaluation under the Demonstration
Program.
Toxic Treatments (USA), Inc. 's
In-Situ Steam Extraction System
Lastly, the Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program has begun in earnest
with two demonstrations this year, and
more planned for 1990. EPA is seeking
information on new field methods to
measure and monitor contamination and its
effects on the environment.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Rtgion 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicaeo. IL 60604-35QD
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WHAT IS THE SITE PROGRAM?
In 1986, the Environmental Protection Agency's
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and
Office of Research and Development established the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Program to promote the development and use of
innovative technologies to clean up Superfund sit
across the country. Now in its fourth year, SITE
helping to provide the treatment technologies
necessary to implement new federal and state
cleanup standards aimed at permanent remedies
rather than quick fixes. The SITE Program is
composed of three related programs: the
Demonstration Program, the Emerging Technolo
Program, and the Measurement and Monitoring
Technologies Program.
Demonstration Program
The major focus of the SITE program has been .*
the Demonstration Program, which is designed to
generate engineering and cost data on selected,
innovative technologies. A cooperative relationship
is established between EPA and developers
participating in the program. Developers are
responsible for demonstrating their innovative
systems at selected sites, which may include
Superfund sites, developers' facilities, EPA
laboratories, or private sites, while EPA is
responsible for sampling, analyzing, and evaluating
all test results. Both EPA and the developers
benefit from this cooperative partnership:
developers are provided with extensive data that
validate their system capabilities, while EPA is able
to assess the performance, reliability, and cost of
new and innovative technologies. The information
generated during the demonstrations will be used in
conjunction with other data as a basis for selecting
the most appropriate technologies for the cleanup of
Superfund sites.
Any innovative technology developer may apply to
the SITE program by responding to EPA's
solicitation advertised each January in the Commerce
Business Daily (CBD). To qualify for the
Demonstration Program, a new technology must be
at pilot or field-scale and offer some advantage over
existing technologies. Also, mobile technologies are
of particular interest to EPA. In addition, EPA will
accept proposals at any time when a developer has a
treatment project scheduled with a Superfund waste.
Once EPA has accepted a proposal, EPA staff meet
with the developer to choose a site containing wastes
suitable for testing the capabilities of the proposed
technology. To ensure that cost does not preclude
TECHNOLOGY
EPA uses the following terms to describe the
various stages of technology development
"Available" technologies are Mly proven and in
routine commercial use. "Innovative*
technologies are fully developed technologies for
which cost and performance information Is
incomplete, tfews hindering routine use at ;
izardous waste sites. Innovative technologies
quire field testing before they are considered
rovea and available for routine use. i
Emerging" technologies are those that have \
ivolved laboratory testing aad/or some pilot-
'
testing, but this testing; fo Jiot :'yet sufficient
) document the technical viability of the
rocess. i I
me demonstration of a promising new technology,
EPA may fund an acceptable technology up to 50%
of the developer's costs (up to three million dollars)
if the applicant cannot obtain private financing on
reasonable terms. To date, the demonstration
projects have not involved funding for technology
developers.
Emerging Technologies Program
The Emerging Technologies Program (ETP)
supports bench-scale and pilot testing of innovative
treatment technologies. The ETP provides two-year
funding (up to $150,000 per year, to a maximum of
$300,000) to developers of emerging technologies.
Each July, EPA advertises in the CBD and trade
journals for submission of preproposals. Following
a review period, 15-20 preproposers are invited to
submit formal applications to the ETP. A final
review is made for final selection.
Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program
The Monitoring and Measurement Technologies
Program (MMTP) supports the development and
demonstration of innovative field-ready technologies
that detect, monitor, or measure hazardous
substances in the air, surface water, soil, subsurface,
wastes, and biological tissues. The MMTP now
contains both a Demonstration and Emerging
Technologies program, and may provide partial
support for SITE-related activities. EPA plans to
issue a Request for Information on monitoring and
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measurement technologies in order to complete a
catalog of such technologies.
EPA COMPLETES FINAL APPLICATIONS
ANALYSES ON SIX TECHNOLOGIES
The purpose of the SITE Program Applications
Analysis Reports is to provide EPA's overall
assessment of the performance, reliability, and costs
of technologies in the Demonstration Program,
relative to typical Superfund sites. Reports utilize
all available data including the results of the SITE
demonstration, the vendor's design and test data, and
other laboratory and field applications of the
technology. An analysis is given of the advantages,
disadvantages, and limitations of the technology.
Cost estimates are based on pilot-scale and
commercial applications and available data. The
report also examines factors, such as site and waste
characteristics, that have a major impact on costs
and performance. Highlights of Applications
Analyses for the first six technologies demonstrated
are provided below. See page 7 for information on
ordering reports.
In the solidification/stabilization process developed
by Hazcon, Inc., a patented binding agent is mixed
with pozzolans in a mobile, truck-mounted blending
unit. The resulting concrete mass has been shown
to enhance solidification of wastes containing high
concentrations of organics and to immobilize heavy
metals. TCLP leachate reduction for metals are
often achieved in excess of 100 ppm. However,
organic contaminants (VOCs and semi-volatiles)
were not immobilized based on SITE TCLP tests.
Tests indicated that the permeabilities of the treated
soil were very low, durability tests were good, and no
loss of strength was observed after weathering tests.
The resulting volume of the treated soil was
approximately double that of the undisturbed waste
feed. Although the equipment experienced some
operating difficulties during the field demonstration,
it is believed that the equipment can operate
efficiently with some design changes. The technology
is economical, with costs estimated to be between
$97 and $205 per ton.
The Electric Infrared Incineration process, originally
developed by Shirco Infrared Systems, Inc., is an
electric infrared thermal processing system which
uses silicone-carbide rods to bring organic wastes to
combustion temperatures and then destroys
remaining organics in a gas-fired chamber. The
commercial unit is transportable and allows for
discontinuous operation. Test results based on ten
case studies, which include two full-scale
applications at Superfund sites, show that the
system can meet RCRA and TSCA incineration
standards. Most of the metals in the feed
concentrate in the ash. Available data suggests that
this process is suitable for solid wastes containing:
particles from 5 microns to 2 inches in diameter, up
to 50% moisture content, up to 5 wt. % chlorine
and sulfur, alkali metals up to 1 wt. %, and heating
values up to 10,000 BtuAb. Based on recent
commercial operations, on-line reliability should
range from 50% to 75%, and the estimated range of
cost is $180/ton to $240/ton excluding waste
excavation, feed prepartion, profit, and ash disposal
costs. Overall costs may be as high as $800/ton.
At this time, three vendors own and operate
commercial, full-scale infrared thermal treatment
systems.
American Combustion Technologies developed their
Pyretron Oxygen/Air Burner system, which employs
an oxygen-air-fuel burner for use with a rotary kiln
incinerator. The replacement of air with oxygen
reduces the heat sink phenomenon of nitrogen in
the air and reduces the combustion gas volume,
which in turn reduces particulate carryover and the
load on air pollution control equipment. The
primary advantage of the burner system is increased
waste throughput, which based primarily on SITE
data, can be twice that of a conventional rotary kiln
incinerator. The greatest capacity increases will
occur for wastes with low heating value. During the
SITE demonstration, equipment operation was fairly
reliable. Representative cost savings over
conventional rotary kiln incineration are estimated
to be about $30 per ton. Actual savings will
depend on site-specific conditions.
Terra Vac, Inc., developed the In-Situ Vacuum
Extraction process, which removes volatile organic
constituents (VOCs) from the unsaturated zone of
soils through extraction wells. The extracted gases
and water proceed to a vapor liquid separator and
an emission control system. The process has been
employed at over 60 sites. Four case studies,
including three Superfund sites, have been
documented. The process represents a viable
technology to fully remediate sites contaminated
with volatile organics. Considerations for use
include contaminant volatility, site specific clean-up
level and soil properties. The process works well
with most soil types. Air-filled porosity of a soil is
an important criteria to indicate whether vacuum
extraction will work. Soils with low permeability
but with adequate air-filled porosity are amenable
to treatment by this process. Soils with high water
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content may require extensive dewatering before the
process begins to work. The in-situ vacuum
extraction process is relatively simple and operates
reliably under all weather conditions. It costs
typically around $50 per ton. Cost strongly depends
on whether off-gas treatment is required and whether
wastewater is generated by the process at a given
site.
International Waste Technologies and Geo-Con, Inc.
together demonstrated the In-Situ Soil Stabilization
system on PCB-contaminated soil. The system
employs a proprietary additive and a specific soil
mixing technology which precludes the need for soil
excavation. A hollow-stem auger, offered by Geo-
Con, injected the IWT chemicals into the soil and
mixed it. Physical properties of the treated soil were
generally satisfactory: unconfined compressive
strength was high, permeability was low, and little
degradation occurred as a result of wet/dry
weathering tests. However, many freeze/thaw
samples showed marked degradation.
Microstructural analyses showed a dense,
homogeneous, and low-porosity structure. Overall,
the results also indicated a potential for long-term
durability. The process appears to immobilize PCBs;
however, results near detection limits did not allow a
decisive determination. The Geo-Con equipment
can operate in virtually all types of soil, although
clays, oily sands, and cohesive soil may reduce
treatment rate and depth. Also, small changes in
ground level result from the addition of the reagents.
The Geo-Con equipment operated satisfactorily
during demonstration runs and the process is
economical. The cost of a commercial, four-auger
operation was estimated at $110 per ton.
C. F. Systems Corporation's organic solvent
extraction technology was pilot tested in September
1988 on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
contaminated harbor sediments from the New
Bedford, MA Superfund site. The technology
extracts organics from contaminated soils based on
the solubility of organics in a mixture of liquefied
propane and butane. Sediments were treated with
C.F. Systems' trailer-mounted Pit Cleanup Unit
(PCU) that has a design capacity of 1.5 gpm or 20
barrels/day. PCB extraction efficiencies of 90% were
achieved for harbor sediments containing from 350
to 2,570 ppm, resulting in clean sediments containing
as low as 8 ppm. The cost of applying the
technology to a full-scale cleanup effort could vary
from $148 to $447 per ton including pre- and post-
treatment costs, materials handling, costs for
specialized process designs, and the predicted
onstream factor for a full-scale unit.
DATA BECOME AVAILABLE
ON FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
Since April 1989 (the previous update of this
document), data have become available from three
technology demonstrations, and one predemon-
stration test of significant scale. These results are
summarized below. Reports on these projects
should be published in the spring of 1990.
In December 1988, Soliditech, Inc., of Houston, TX
demonstrated its solidification and stabilization
process at the Imperial Oil/Champion Chemical
Company Superfund site, in Morganville, NJ. The
treatment process chemically and physically
immobilizes hazardous constituents contained in
slurries. The batch-mixing process is designed to
disperse the proprietary reagent URRICHEM
throughout the waste, and to bind the contaminants
into a concrete-like, leach-resistant matrix. Wastes
at the demonstration site are contaminated with
PCBs, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and
low levels of volatile organic chemicals.
The Soliditech mobile mixing unit treated
approximately 2-5 cubic yards of waste from each of
three sources. Samples were analyzed to determine
a wide range of physical and chemical
characteristics, subjected to several leaching tests,
and evaluated for strength and durability. Physical
test results of samples of the solidified waste
showed: unconfined compressive strength ranged
from 390 to 861 psi; wet/dry and freeze/thaw
durability test results showed very little or no
weight loss after 12 cycles; and the treated waste
showed very low permeability. Data from five
different leaching and extraction tests showed that
the process immobilized heavy metals present in the
untreated waste. Volatiles were also reduced from
low levels in the leachates of untreated waste to
nondetectable levels iii the leachate of treated
waste. PCBs were not detected in leachates from
either untreated or treated waste. Extraction tests
on solidified waste aiter six months of curing
showed increased stability of contaminants against
leaching loss.
The Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation system,
developed by Ultrox International of Santa Ana,
CA, uses a combination of ultraviolet light
radiation, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide to oxidize
organic compounds in water. To enhance the
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oxidation of organic contaminants, various operating
parameters can be adjusted including hydraulic
retention time, influent pH level, oxidant dose, and
UV lamp intensity. The demonstration occurred .at
the Lorentz Barrel and Drum Company site in San
Jose, CA on ground water contaminated with VOCs.
Approximately 13,000 gallons of ground water was
treated by the commercial-size reactor, which
measures 3 feet long by 1.5 feet wide by 5.5 feet
high.
The Ultrox system achieved removal efficiencies as
high as 90 percent for total VOCs present in the
ground water at the site. Removal rates were lower
for some compounds (e.g., 65% for 1,1-
dichloroethane) and higher for others (e.g., 99
percent for trichloroethylene). The mean
concentration of the total VOCs in the effluent was
12-51 ug/1, as compared to the mean value of the
total VOCs in the influent of 120 to 200 ug/1.
Depending on the compound, removals were
attributable to chemical oxidation, stripping, or both.
Off-gases from the system, which were treated by a
catalytic ozone decomposer, contained no detectable
VOCs. Also, no new compounds were discovered in
the treated water.
In March, 1989, Chemfix Technologies Inc. of
Metairie, LA demonstrated its solidification/
stabilization process at the Portable Equipment
Salvage Company in Clackamas, Oregon. The
process has been used in the past to treat a variety
of industrial wastes contaminated with heavy metals
and organic compounds with high molecular weight.
Propriety reagents are mixed with wastes to form a
stable, solidified mass. The process is designed as a
continuous operation capable of treating large
quantities of soils, sludges and waste waters rapidly
(up to 100 tons/hour) without creating a large
increase in volume of the treated material.
The demonstration site contains soil primarily
contaminated with lead (up to 14 percent), copper
(up to 7 percent), and PCBs. About 40 tons of soil
were treated during the test. Several leaching and
extraction tests were conducted on products of the
process to indicate long-term stability. The TCLP
extracts from processed wastes contained lead in
concentrations 94 to 99 percent less than in leachate
extracts of untreated wastes. Copper concentrations
were reduced 95 to 99 percent. Weathering tests
were very good, showing little or no weight loss after
12 cycles. The unconfined compressive strength at
28 days ranged from 27 to 307 psi. Permeability of
the treated material ranged between 1 x 10"6 cm/sec
and 5.4 x 10"7 cm/sec. The volume increase in the
excavated waste material after treatment ranged
from 20 to 50 percent. Air monitoring data
suggests that there was no significant volatilization
of PCBs during the treatment process.
A circulating fluidized bed combustor (CBC),
developed by Ogden Environmental Services,
destroys a variety of waste materials at temperatures
below 1560°F (850°C). Limestone is injected
simultaneously with the waste stream into the
combustion unit. This process captures acid gases
and eliminates the need for a scrubber. Treatability
studies were conducted in March 1989 using a 2
million Btu/hour pilot-scale CBC which processed
approximately 5,500 Ib of high-sulphur acidic
petroleum refinery waste from the McColl
Superfund site in Fullerton, CA
Overall, the pilot facility performed reliably during
the pilot test. Results of stack gas tests indicated
that, using carbon tetrachloride as the performance
indicator, the CBC met the 99.99% destruction and
removal efficiency (DRE) limit established by
RCRA for trial burns. Acid gas emissions and flue
gas particulates were well below the RCRA limits,
although further testing is needed to ensure
compliance of flue gas particulates with local air
standards. No significant concentrations of
hazardous organics or metals were detected in the
flue gas. Carbon monoxide, nitric oxides, and total
hydrocarbon emissions were within the facility
permit conditions; however, sulfur dioxide results
were not quantifiable because of malfunctions of the
measuring equipment. Lastly, organics originally
present in the waste feed were not detected in the
fly ash and bed ash streams, and PCBs, dioxins and
furans were not detected. Based on the favorable
results of the preliminary test burns, the SITE
Program plans to conduct a demonstration of a full-
scale CBC unit at the McColl site in early 1990 (see
related article, on page 12).
THREE DEMONSTRATIONS
RECENTLY COMPLETED
EPA has recently completed demonstrations of the
technologies described below. Preliminary test data
should be available in spring of 1990.
In September, 1989, Toxic Treatments (USA), Inc.
(TTUSA) of San Mateo, CA demonstrated a full-
scale prototype of the In-Situ Detoxifier, an in-situ
method of removing volatile organics from soil
using hot air and steam. The test was conducted at
the Annex Terminal site in San Pedro, CA, a
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former storage and transfer facility for bulk liquid
chemicals. About 7,500 cubic yards of soil at the
site are contaminated with common industrial
chemicals, chlorinated solvents, plasticizers,
adhesives, and paint additives. The transportable
Detoxifier unit injects hot air and steam at about
400°F into the ground through a pair of hollow stem
augers, which loosen and homogenize the soil. The
increase in soil temperature (up to 180°F) vaporizes
volatile organic compounds within the soil. A steel
shroud collects the soil off-gases, and a gas
treatment system separates the volatile organics and
polishes the air and water before reuse. The area
treated at each shroud setting is about 7 1/2 ft x 4
ft. Treatment depths up to 27 feet are possible;
depth of treatment for this site is five feet.
EPA monitored the treatment system's operation for
about a month of 8 hr/day operation. The system
was online most of the time. In addition to soil
samples taken before and after treatment, EPA
collected samples of treated air and water, and the
condensed organics. A dye was also added before
treatment to track any downward migration. If early
results of EPA's testing and additional testing by
TTUSA are satisfactory, the remainder of the site
will be remediated using this method.
BioTrol, Inc. 's Bioreactor Used to Treat Wastewater
In July-August, 1989, BioTrol, Inc. of Chaska, MN
demonstrated a pilot-scale biological treatment
system for organics in wastewater. The
demonstration occurred at the MacGillis & Gibbs
Superfund site in New Brighton, MN, an operating
wood treating facility, on ground water principally
contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) at
concentrations up to 50 ppm. The fixed-film
bioreactor contains three cells filled with corrugated
PVC media on which the biofilm grows. The
biofilm consists of indigenous microorganisms, and
added naturally-occuring microorganisms
(flavobacteria) specific to PCP. Influent flows
sequentially through the three compartments, and a
filter.
During the 6-week test, the unit operated 24
hours/day, 7 days/week at a varied flow rate (1, 3,
and 5 gallons/minute), for each two-week period. A
total of about 176,000 gallons of ground water was
treated. EPA sampled influent, biomass, offgases,
and effluent. The unit operated well during the
test. Treated water was discharged to the sewer
under a local permit after carbon treatment.
BioTrol, Inc. 's Mobile Soil Washing System
In a second project during September and October,
1989, BioTrol, Inc. demonstrated a soil washing
system for soil contaminated with PCP and poly
nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This
demonstration also took place at the MacGillis &
Gibbs Superfund site. The system demonstrated
consists of a soil washer, a slurry bioreactor, and
the same fixed-film bioreactor used in the previous
project. The soil washer uses water in a multi-
staged series of intensive scrubbing and physical
classification steps to separate the heavily
contaminated fine fraction (silt, clay, and humic
particles) of the soil from the coarser, less
contaminated sand fraction. All process water used
in the soil washer is treated in the fixed-film
bioreactor prior to discharge or recycle. A small
portion of the fine particle slurry is being treated by
a prototype slurry bioreactor developed by EIMCO
Process Equipment Company of Salt Lake City, UT.
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EIMCO Process Equipment Co. 's Slurry Bioreactor
This bioreactor biologically degrades organics and is
of smaller capacity than the other two systems.
For two days, the soil washer processed 24,000
pounds of soil containing about 300 ppm PCP,
followed by a 7-day test on 46,000 pounds of soil
containing about 1100 ppm PCP. The operation of
the soil washer was continuous (around the clock).
EPA sampled all input and output streams, and will
analyze samples for PCP, PAHs, chlorinated dioxins
and furans, and certain metals. After enough
process water accumulated, the fixed film bioreactor
began an 11-day test. The 2-week test of the
smaller-scale slurry bioreactor treated about 180
gallons (200 pounds) of fine particle slurry resulting
from the soil washer test on the highly
contaminated soil.
Application AmlytM Riport
Applications Analysis and
\ Technology Evaluation Reports
The reports listed below are now available.
To receive one or more of these reports, call
EPA's Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI) at 513-569-7562 or
FTS 684-7562,
Applications Analysis Report; Hazcon
Solidification Process,, Douglassvilte,
Pennsylvania (EPA 540/A5-SSWQ1)
Applications Analysis Report: Shirco Infrared
Incineration System (EPA 540/A5-89/010)
Applications Analysis Report: Terra Vac
In-Situ Vacuum Extraction System
(EPA 54a/A5-S9$03) !
Technology Evaluation Report, SITE
Demonstration Test, Hazcoo Solidification,
Douglassville, Pennsylvania (EPA 540/5-89/OOla)
Technology Evaluation Report, Site Program
Demonstration Test, International Waste ;
Technologies In-Situ StabilizatJau/Solidifieation,
Hialeab, Florida (EPA 540/5-S9yo
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SITE Program Participants
Developer Solicitation
Biological Technologies
MoTec, Inc.
Mt. Juliet, TN
Zimpro/Passavant, Inc.
Rothschild, WI
BioTrol, Inc.
Chaska, MN
DETOX, Inc.
Dayton, OH
ECOVA Corporation
Redmond, WA
Physical/Chemical Technologies
Resource Conservation Co.
Bellevue, WA
Terra Vac, Inc.
Dorado, PR
CF Systems Corporation
Waltham, MA
BioTrol, Inc.
Chaska, MN
E.I. Du Pont de Nemours, Inc.
Newark, DE
Oberlin Filter Co.
Waukesha, WI
Freeze Technologies Corp.
Raleigh, NC
Toxic Treatments, Inc.
San Mateo, CA
Ultrox International, Inc.
Santa Ana, CA
002
002
003
003
003
001
001
002
003
003
003
003
003
Technology
Liquid/Solid Contact
Digestion of Organics
Combination Activated Sludge Biotreat-
ment with Powdered Activated Carbon
Fixed-Film Biodegradation
of Organics in Aqueous Waste
Fixed-Film Biodegradation
of Organics in Aqueous Waste
In-Situ Btoremediation of
Organics in Soil and Water
Solvent Extraction of Organics
from Sol /Sludge
In-Situ Vacuum Extraction
of Organics
Solvent Extraction of Organics
from Soil /Sludge
Soil Washing for Organics
Microfiltration of Metals
from Wastewater
Separation of Contaminants from
Wastewacer by Freezing
In-Situ Slieam/Air Stripping
of Volati] e Organics
Ultra-violet Radiation and Ozone
Treatment of Organics in Water
Developer Contact
Norm AUworth
615-754-9626
William Copa
715-359-7211
Thomas Chresand
612^48-2515
Edward Galaska
513-433-7394
Michael Nelson
206-883-1900
Paul McGough
206-828-2400
James Malot
809-723-9171
Christopher Shallice
Thomas C. Cody
617-890-1200
Steve Valine
612^48-2515
Ernest Mayer
302-366-3652
James E. Heist
919-850-0600
Philip La Mori
415-391-2113
David Fletcher
714-545-5557
EPA Contact
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
John Martin
513-569-7758
Mary Stinson
201-321-6683
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Naomi Barkley
513-569-7854
Edward Bates
513-569-7774
Mary Stinson
201-321-6683
Dick Valentinetti
202-382-2611
Mary Stinson
201-321-6683
John Martin
513-569-7758
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Paul de Percin
513-569-7797
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
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SITE Program Participants (continued)
Developer
Solicitation Technology
Physical/Chemical Technologies (continued)
AWD Technologies, Inc. 004 In-Situ Vapor Extraction of
San Francisco, CA VOCs and Steam Stripping of
Extracted Vapor and Ground-
Water
Dehydro-Tech Corp.
East Hanover, NJ
Epoc Water, Inc.
Fresno, CA
Exxon Chemical Co./
Rio Linda Chemical Co.
Long Beach, CA
Exxon Chemical Co./
Rio Linda Chemical Co.
Long Beach, CA
Ozonics Recycling Corp.
Key Biscayne, FL
Quad Environmental
Technologies, Corp.
Northbrook, IL
Solvent Services, Inc.
San Jose, CA
Solidification/Stabilization
Hazcon, Inc.
Katy, TX
International Waste
Technologies/GeoCon, Inc.
Wichita, KS
Chemfix Technologies, Inc.
Metairie, LA
Geosafe Corporation
Kirkland, WA
004 Chemical Extraction of
Organics from Oily Waste
004 Chemical Leaching and
Microfiltration
004 Chemical Oxidation of
Cyanides in Soil/Sludge
004 Chemical Oxidation of
Organics in Wastewater
004 Soil Washing for Organics
and Metals; Ozone, UV,
Ultrasonic Treatment of
Washwater
004 Chemical Scrubbing System
for Organics in Gases
004 In-Situ Steam Injection/
Vacuum Extraction for Soils
001 Solidification/Stabilization for
Metals and Organics
001 In-Situ Stabilization of
Organics (PCBs)/Metals in
Soils and Sludges
002 Chemical Solidification/Stabilization
of Metals/Organics in Soils
002 In-situ Vitrification
of Organics
Developer Contact
David A. Bluestein
415-876-1504
Charles Greenfield
201-887-2182
Ray Groves
209-291-8144
Mark McGlathery
213-597-1937
Mark McGlathery
213-597-1937
Lucas Boeve
305-361-8936
Harold J. Rafson
312-564-5070
Doug Dieter
408453-6046
Ray Funderburk
713-9344500
Jeff Newton
316-269-2660
Philip Baldwin
504-831-3600
James Hansen
206-8224000
EPA Contact
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
Gordon Evans
513-569-7684
Laurel Staley
513-569-7863
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Teri Shearer
513-569-7949
Teri Shearer
513-569-7949
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Paul de Percin
513-569-7797
Paul de Percin
513-569-7797
Mary Stinson
201-321-6683
Edwin Earth
513-569-7669
Teri Shearer
513-569-7949
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SITE Program Participants (continued)
Developer
Solidification/Stabilization
Separation and Recovery
Systems (SRS), Inc.
Irvine, CA
Soliditech, Inc.
Houston, TX
Silicate Technology Corp.
Scottsdale, AZ
S.M.W. Seiko, Inc.
Redwood City, CA
Wastech, Inc.
Oak Ridge, TN
Thermal Technologies
American Combustion, Inc.
Norcross, GA
HAZTECH/EPA Region 4
Atlanta, GA
Ogden Environmental Services
San Diego, CA
Shirco Infrared Systems, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Retech, Inc.
Ukiah, CA
Chemical Waste Management, Inc.
Riverdale, IL
American Toxic Disposal
Wilmette, IL
Horsehead Resource
Development Cc., Inc.
Monaca, PA
Solicitation
(continued)
002
002
003
004
004
001
001
001
001
002
003
004
004
Technology
Solidificat, on/Stabilization of
Organics in Soils
Solidificat on for Soils
and Sludge
Pozzolonic./Silicate Based
Solidificat .on
In-Situ Soil Mixing
Solidificat .on/Stabilization for
Metals/Organics in Soils
Pyretron Oxygen Burner
Shirco Infrared Thermal
Destruction of Organics
Circulating Fluidized Bed for
Waste Containing Organics
Infrared Thermal Destruction
of Organic s
Plasma Heat and Vitrification
of Metals/Organics in Soils
Low-Temperature Thermal
Desorption of Organics
Low-Tem]>erature Fluidized
Bed for Organics in Soils,
Sediments, and Sludges
Flame Slagging Reactor for
Metals in Solid Waste
Developer Contact
Joseph De Franco
714-261-8860
Carl Brassow
713-778-1800
Steve Pegler
602-941-1400
David S. Yang
415-591-9646
E. Benjamin Peacock
615483-6515
Mark Zwecker
404-662-8156
Fred Stroud (Reg. 4)
404-347-3931
Haiold Diot
619-455-2383
Kenneth Johansen
214-404-7540
R.C. Eschenback
707462-6522
Robert La Boube
312-841-8360
George D. Sullivan
312-251-6138
W.C. Meenan
312-662-6750
John F. Pusateri
412-773-2280
EPA Contact
Edward Bates
513-569-7774
Walter Grube
513-569-7798
Edward Bates
513-569-7774
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Edward Bates
513-569-7774
Laurel Staley
513-569-7863
Howard Wall
513-569-7691
Joseph McSorley
919-541-2920
Howard Wall
513-569-7691
Laurel Staley
513-569-7863
Paul de Percin
513-569-7797
Laurel Staley
513-569-7863
Donald Oberacker
513-569-7510
10
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SITE Program Participants (continued)
Developer Solicitation
Emerging Technologies Program
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited E01
Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
Babcock & Wilcox, Co. E02
Alliance, OH
Battelle Memorial Institute E01
Columbus Division
Columbus, OH
Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc. E01
Las Cruces, NM
Colorado School of Mines E01
Golden, CO
Energy and Environmental E01
Engineering, Inc.
Somerville, MA
Harmon Environmental Services, Inc. E01
(formerly Envirite Field Services, Inc.)
Auburn, AL
Membrane Technology and E01
Research, Inc.
Menlo Park, CA
Western Research Institute E01
Laramie, WY
Center for Hazardous E02
Materials Research
Pittsburgh, PA
Electro-Pure Systems, Inc. E02
Amherst, NY
Enviro-Sciences, Inc. E02
Arlington, NJ
IT Corporation E02
Knoxville, TN
University of Washington E02
Seattle, WA
Wastewater Tech. Centre E02
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
Technology
Ultrafiltration of Metal/Chelate
Complexes from Water
Cyclone Combustor for Soils with
Metals and Organics
In-Situ Electroacoustic
Decontamination of Oils, Organics,
and Metals from Soil
Biological Sorption of
Metal-Ions from Ground water
Wetlands-Based Treatment
for Mine Runoff
Laser-Stimulated Photochemical
Oxidation of Organics in Water
Solvent-Enhanced Soil Washing
for Organics
Membrane Process for Organics
Contained Recovery of
Oily Wastes
Acid Extraction of Organic
Soils, Sludges and Ash
A/C Electro-Coagulation Phase
Separation and Removal
Low-Energy Solvent Extraction
for Organics
Batch Steam Distillation/Metal
Extraction of Organics and
Heavy Metals
Adsorptive Filtration of
Inorganics from Liquids
Cross-Row Pervaporation System
for removal of VOCs from
Aqueous Wastes
Developer Contact
Leo Buckley
613-584-3311
Lawrence P. King
216-821-9110
H.S. Muralidhara
614-424-5018
Dennis W. Darnall
505-646-5888
Thomas Wildeman
303-273-3642
James H. Porter
617-666-5500
William C. Webster
205-821-9253
Hans Wijmans
415-328-2228
Lyle Johnson
307-721-2281
Roger L. Price
412-826-5320
Patrick E. Ryan
716-691-2600
Zvi Blank
201-398-8183
Robert D. Fox
615-690-3211
MarkM. Benjamin
206-543-7645
Abbas Zaidi
416-336^618
EPA Contact
John Martin
513-569-7758
Laurel Staley
513-569-7863
Diana Guzman
513-569-7819
Naomi Berkley
513-569-7854
Edward Bates
513-569-7774
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Paul de Percin
513-569-7797
Eugene Harris
513-569-7862
Diana Guzman
513-569-7819
Naomi Barkley
513-569-7854
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Ron Lewis
513-569-7856
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
John Martin
513-569-7758
11
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NINE DEMONSTRATIONS PLANNED
FOR THE NEAR FUTURE
E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc., of Newark, DE, along
with the Oberlin Filter Company of Waukesha, WI,
have developed an automatic micro-filtration system
to remove suspended solids from aqueous waste
streams. In this treatment, DuPont's Tyvek™ filter
media is used in combination with an automatic
pressure filter provided by the Oberlin Filter Co.
The Tyvek™ material, in roll goods form, provides
for filtration down to 0.1 micron with excellent
chemical resistance and strength, while the Oberlin
filter produces a relatively dry filter cake and allows
unattended filtration capability. The mobile system
may be used to treat any aqueous waste that
contains hazardous solids or dissolved constituents
that can be induced to precipitate. Metal particles,
metal hydroxides and oxides, radioactive particulates,
organic solids, and cyanide wastes have been
successfully separated by the system. Demonstration
of a small unit on 5,250 gallons of ground water is
scheduled for early 1990 at the Palmerton Zinc
Superfund Site in Palmerton, PA Groundwater at
the site is contaminated with high concentrations of
zinc and other heavy metals.
Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., of Rothschild, WI, has
developed a biological treatment unit that
incorporates physical adsorption using powdered
carbon. Solids removed from the wastewater
treatment system are further processed through a wet
air oxidation unit. In early 1990, a three-month
demonstration is planned of a 4,200 gal/day
treatment system at the Syncon Resin Superfund Site
in Kearny, NJ. The process will treat about 500,000
gallons of groundwater at the site, which contains
volatile organic compounds, including toluene and
xylene, and some semivolatile organic contaminants.
Retech, Inc., of Ukiah, CA has developed a thermal
treatment centrifugal reactor that uses plasma heat
to decompose organics in a mixed solid and liquid
feed. The solid components are melted (vitrified)
and cast or granulated for disposal, while the volatile
compounds are vaporized and decomposed in an
afterburner. EPA is conducting a demonstration in
coordination with the Department of Energy (DOE).
Retech's 100 Ib/hr pilot system has been installed at
a DOE research facility in Butte, MT. The unit will
be tested on waste from Butte Area Superfund sites,
which were contaminated by mining and wood
treating operations. The demonstration is planned
for spring 1990.
DETOX, Inc., of Dayton, OH, has developed a
submerged, fixed-film bioreactor that biologically
treats low concentrations of biodegradable organic
compounds in aqueous waste. Some of the
contaminants targeted.by the technology are
benzene, toluene, xylene, alcohols, and ketones. A
Detox system consists! of an aboveground fixed-film
reactor, storage tanks, a cartridge filter, and an
activated carbon filter. A demonstration is planned
for summer of 1990 at an industrial landfill site in
Michigan; groundwater there has been contaminated
with low levels of organics, primarily xylenes and
methylene chloride.
Freeze Technologies Corporation of Raleigh, NC
uses freeze crystallization to separate organics and
inorganics from heavily-contaminated aqueous and
liquid wastes. Coolant is added to the waste to
create an icy slush. The ice crystals are then
recovered and washed with pure water to remove
adhering brine contaminants. Residuals generated
by this process include treated water and
concentrated waste sludge, typically 10% of the
original waste volume. In late 1989, Freeze
Technologies will demonstrate a mobile pilot system
that will process 5-10 gal/min at the Stringfellow
Superfund Site in Glen Avon, CA The ground
water at the site contains a wide variety of organic
and inorganic contaminants.
The field demonstration of the circulating bed
combustor (CBC), developed by Ogden
Environmental Services, is planned for early 1990 at
the McColl Superfund site at Fullerton, CA The
McColl site was used for the disposal of petroleum
refinery waste in the 1940s. The waste of interest
at the site is a hard, black, asphalt waste which is
highly acidic due to high sulphur content. Ogden
will use a transportable, 100 ton/day CBC system
for the test. Treatability studies on McColl waste
were conducted in March 1989 at Ogden's pilot
plant in La Jolla, CA
ECOVA Corporation of Redmond, WA has designed
several systems to aerobically biodegrade chlorinated
and nonchlorinated organic contaminants. The
technology can be applied both in-situ and in an
above-ground bioreactor. The demonstration is
planned for the spring of 1990 at the Goose Farm
Superfund site in Plumstead Township, NJ. Ground
water at the site contains a wide range of toxic
organic compounds. During the test, water,
nutrients and microorganisms will be pumped into
the saturated zone through a recharge well to
enhance bioremediation below ground. Ground
water collected at an extraction well downgradient
12
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Microbes, nutrients
oxygen source
Biological
Treatment
Recharge
Recovery
Schematic of ECOVA's Biodegradation Process
of the contaminant plume will be treated in the
above-ground reactor prior to recharging. Two
monitoring wells will be placed between the recharge
and the extraction well. Water samples collected
from the recovery well, the two monitoring wells,
and the bioreactor, will be analyzed to determine
changes in compound concentrations.
Two new entries in the SITE 004 program have
demonstrations scheduled. Solvent Services, of San
Jose, CA, will demonstrate an in-situ steam injection
and vacuum extraction process on soils at the
Solvent Services Superfund site in San Jose during
late 1989 and early 1990. AWD Technologies of
Burbank, CA, is operating a steam stripping and in-
situ extraction technology for soil and groundwater
treatment at a Superfund Site in the San Fernando
Valley. These new technologies are described in
more detail in the next section.
TWELVE NEW TECHNOLOGIES
ACCEPTED INTO THE
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
In 1989, EPA accepted 12 technologies offered by 11
developers into the SITE Demonstration Program as
a result of RFP SITE 004. These technologies are
described below. Except where indicated, efforts are
underway to identify appropriate Superfund sites and
wastes for use during these technology
demonstrations.
High and Low Temperature
Thermal Technologies
American Toxic Disposal, Inc., of Wilmette, IL, has
developed the Vaporization Extraction System
(VES), a low-temperature fluidized bed method for
removing organic and volatile inorganic compounds
from soils, sediments, and sludges. Contaminated
materials are mixed with hot gases (at about 320°F)
in a co-current, stirred fluidized bed. The process
treats waste containing less than 5% total organic
contamination. Direct contact between the waste
and the hot gases drives water and the contaminants
into the gas stream, which is treated by an extensive
gas treatment system. Most of the organic
contaminants are concentrated in a pasty sludge.
The system to be demonstrated is a transportable,
pilot-scale system on five trailers, which treats about
8.5 tons of waste per hour. The process has been
previously tested on sediments contaminated with
PCBs.
American Toxic Disposal's
Transportable Vaporization Extraction System
The Flame (Slagging) Reactor developed by
Horsehead Resources Development Company, Inc.,
of Monaca, PA, is a patented, flash smelting system
that can treat solids, soil, and sludge containing
volatile heavy metals. The reactor processes wastes
with a very hot (greater than 1,500-2,000°C)
reducing gas. Typically, the system is operated to
produce a decontaminated molten slag and a
recyclable, heavy-metal-rich crude oxide. It is
especially suited to treating mine tailings and
smelting wastes. In addition to metals removal, the
reactor also should be capable of complete
13
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Molten Slag Produced by Horsehead Resources
Development Co. 's Flash Smelting System
destruction of all organic contaminants. The 1.5
ton/hour reactor is installed in Monaca, and has
been used commercially to recover metals from
electric arc furnace dust. Wastes will be transported
to the Monaca, PA site for the demonstration.
Physical/Chemical Technologies
AWD Technologies, Inc., of San Francisco, CA, uses
an integrated in-situ vapor extraction and steam
stripping process to remove volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soil and
groundwater. The system combines the AquaDetox
Dow Chemical Co. 's AquaDetox Steam Stripping Tower
steam stripping tower, developed and patented by
the Dow Chemical Company, to separate organics
from water, and an in-situ soil vapor
extraction/reinjection process (SVE System)
developed by Woodward-Clyde Consultants.
Lockheed Aeronautical Systems has been using the
full-scale system since September, 1988 as part of
the cleanup of the San Fernando Superfund site,
Area I, in Burbank, CA. Groundwater and soil at
the site are contaminated with VOCs, principally
trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. The SVE
System is extracting 300 cubic feet per minute of
soil gas that has a total VOC concentration of 600
ppm. The AquaDetox system is removing and
treating 1,000 gallons of groundwater per minute.
Residuals generated lay the system are a free-phase
recyclable product, nonregenerable granular
activated carbon, and treated water. EPA's
evaluation of the system is scheduled for spring,
1990.
Dehydro-Tech Corp. 's Mobile
Oify Waste Extraction Unit
The Carver Greenfield Process for Extraction of
Oily Waste, developed by Dehydro-Tech
Corporation of East Hanover, NJ, is a system that
removes various oil-soluble hazardous organic
contaminants (hydrocarbons and chlorinated
hydrocarbons) from sludges, soils, and other waste
feeds by extraction into food-grade oil. A
centrifuge is used to separate the oil from the feed.
The oil is distilled to recover the organic
contaminants. Treatment products include clean,
dry solids, water, and a concentrated mixture of the
extracted oil-soluble compounds. The treatment
system to be demonstrated is a 50 Ib/hr mobile unit.
14
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In the process developed by Epoc Water, Inc. of
Fresno, CA soils and sludges are decontaminated by
leaching and microfiltration. This process can be
used to decontaminate sludges or soils containing
heavy metals, including barium, cadmium, chromium,
lead, molybdenum, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver,
and zinc. The process is relatively insensitive to
metal content, and can process solids with metal
concentrations of up to 10,000 mg/kg. In most
situations, leaching can be accomplished using low-
cost mineral acids or alkalis. In special
circumstances, chelating agents can also be used to
remove a particular metal. The leached slurry
containing the solubilized metals is separated from
the other solids by a tubular filter press. The
resulting filtrate is chemically treated to precipitate
the heavy metals in hydroxide form. Residual
organic contamination in the precipitate can be
removed with activated carbon. Heavy metals in the
precipitate are separated and concentrated by
microfiltration, using an innovative and flexible
woven textile material that can separate particles as
small as 0.1 microns. The demonstration unit is
transportable and is designed to process
approximately 30 pounds of solids per hour.
Waste SON or
Sludge
Containing
Heavy
Metals
Process Water Recycle
Schematic of Epoc Water Inc. 's Detoxification Process
EXXON Chemical Company of Long Beach, CA, in
cooperation with Rio Linda Chemical Company, Inc.,
of Sacramento, CA, has developed a chemical
oxidation technique that uses chlorine dioxide to
oxidize organic pollutants in aqueous or liquid
streams to non-toxic organic acids and salts.
Chlorine dioxide, at least 95 percent pure, is
generated on-site. Wastes that may be treated by
this technology include bacteria, many simple
organics, and pesticides in aqueous solutions.
Systems processing up to 250 gal/min are used
commercially in the petroleum industry to destroy
organic pollutants and biomass in wastewater.
Exxon Chemical Co. 's Chemical Oxidation Unit
In a second project, EXXON Chemical Company
and Rio Linda Chemical Company, Inc., will use
chlorine dioxide to oxidize simple and complex
cyanide compounds found in aqueous waste, sludge,
and soil to chloride and cyanate ions. The process
has been used to treat wastes with cyanide
concentrations of up to 500 ppm. The treatment
system will process about 25 gal/min or 100,000
pounds per day of solid media.
Ozonics Recycling Corporation of Key Biscayne, FL
has developed a soil washing technology that
Contaminated
SON
Decontaminated
Sod
(neeyc|ed)
Flow Diaff-am for Ozonic Recycling Corp. 's
Soil Treatment System
15
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combines enhanced soil washing of both organics
and inorganics with treatment of the washwater with
ozone oxidation catalyzed by ultraviolet light and
ultrasonic waves. Ultrapure, pyrogen-free water,
combined with biodegradable surfactant and
ultrasound, is used as a solvent in the washing
process. This technology may be applied to soil,
sludge, and liquid containing metals and toxic
organics such as PCBs, pentachlorophenol (PCP),
herbicides, and pesticides. Residuals of the process
are treated water, clean soil, and metals sludge. The
demonstration will test a transportable pilot system
that treats 1-5 tons of soil per day.
QUAD Environmental Technologies Corporation of
Northbrook, IL, has developed QUAD Chemtact, a
patented technology used to treat contaminants, such
as organics, in gaseous waste streams through
efficient gas-liquid contacting. The system has been
used for over 14 years in various municipal and
industrial applications for wastes contaminated with
hydrogen sulfide and various organics. Two mobile
units are used: a two-stage 800 cfm system and a
one-stage 2,500 cfm system. The technology will be
demonstrated in conjunction with a treatment
process, such as vacuum extraction or air stripping,
that creates a contaminated gaseous exhaust.
Schematic of Solvent Service's In-Situ
Steam Injection and Vacuum Extraction Process
Solvent Services, Inc., of San Jose, CA, uses a Steam
Injection and Vacuum Extraction (SIVE) Process for
in-situ soil remediation. The SIVE process is
designed to treat soil contaminated with volatile and
semivolatile organic compounds in parts per billion
up to percent level concentrations. Wastes
generated by this system are spent carbon and
contaminated water Mth one or more organic
contaminant phases. Further treatment of
recovered liquids may be necessary. A six-month
test of this technology is currently under way at the
Solvent Services, Inc. site in San Jose. The 1.2 acre
demonstration site contains approximately 30,000
cubic yards of soil contaminated with various
volatile organic substances, including acetone and
toluene. The site should be fully remediated by the
end of the test period. Evaluation of the
technology's performance will be based on sampling
of the site at completion of the demonstration,
extensive pretest soil data, and systems operating
data.
Solidification/Stabilization Technologies
S.M.W. Seiko, Inc., of Redwood City, CA, has
developed the Soil-cement Mixing Wall (S.M.W.)
technique to treat contaminated soil in-situ. The
process uses multi-axis, overlapping hollow-stem
augers to inject and blend treatment additives, such
as solidification/stabilization agents. The system can
treat 90 to 140 in-situ cubic yards per 8-hour shift
at depths of up to 1130 feet. Two or three augers,
each up to three feet in diameter, are mounted on
a crawler-type base machine. This technique has
been used for more than 18 years on various
construction applications including cutoff walls and
soil stabilization. For the demonstration, the
process will use commercially-available solidification/
stabilization product!!, and treatment will result in a
monolithic block down to the treatment depth.
S.M.W. Seiko, lnc.'s Soil-cement Mixing Augers
16
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Wastech, Inc., of Oak Ridge, TN, has developed a
solidification/stabilization process that uses
proprietary surfactants to segregate organic
pollutants into micelles before mixing the waste with
proprietary bonding agents and pozzolanic and
cementatious material. This technology can be
applied to soil, sludge, and liquid waste containing
inorganic and volatile or semivolatile organic
contaminants. Organics present in low-level
radioactive waste may also be effectively treated to
facilitate disposal. The materials handling system
consists of standard equipment, such as a pug mill
mixer cement truck, a cement batcher, and a cement
pump. The treated material is monolithic and can
be solidified into blocks or cured as a single
monolith.
Processed Materials
Placed to
Specifications
Schematic of Wastech, Inc. 's Solidification/Stabilization Process
EIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGIES ENTER
THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
PROGRAM
Seven new bench- or pilot-scale technologies have
been accepted under RFP E02 and one additional
technology under RFP E01. The new participants
are described below.
The availability of additional funds allowed EPA to
accept Membrane Technology and Research Inc. into
the E01 program. The Membrane Technology and
Research Process is being developed to treat
contaminated air streams at hazardous waste sites.
The contaminated vapor-laden air is drawn across a
polymeric membrane that is permeable to organic
vapor but relatively impermeable to air. The vapors
are condensed and recovered as a liquid organic
product suitable for recycling, disposal, or further
treatment.
Babcock and Wilcox Company, Contract Research
Division, is testing a cyclone furnace to treat soils
contaminated with metals and organic chemicals.
The organic chemicals are incinerated and the
metals are captured in a non-leachable slag. The
unit is designed to treat organic and inorganic solid,
liquid, or gaseous contaminants.
The Center for Hazardous Materials Research has
successfully applied their Acid Extraction Treatment
System (AETS) technology to remediation of soils,
sludges, and ash contaminated with organics.
Contaminants are removed via countercurrent
extraction with an acid. The system has not been
fully developed for effective removal of heavy
metals.
Electro-Pure Systems, Inc., is developing a method
that uses alternating current electrocoagulation to
remove colloidal or suspended particles from water.
With this technology electro-chemical interactions
enhance the liquid/liquid and solid/liquid phase
separation process, without the use of
polyelectrolyte and chemical aids. It has
applicability to wastewaters, soluble oils, high water
content slurries, sediments and sludges containing
both hazardous inorganic and organic contaminants.
Enviro-Sciences, Inc., is testing the Low-Energy
Solvent Extraction Process, which uses common
hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents, to extract and
concentrate hydrophobic organic pollutants from
soils and sediments. This process is designed to
remove PCBs and other organic contaminants from
soils, sludges, and sediments from harbors, rivers,
and lagoons.
IT Corporation is developing a two-step batch
treatment process to treat soils contaminated with
organics and heavy metals. In the first step, the
volatile and semi-volatile components are removed
using batch steam distillation; in step two, the heavy
metals are extracted from the soil into an aqueous
medium for recovery or disposal. The treated soil
is returned to the site as a wet non-hazardous
sludge.
The University of Washington, Department of Civil
Engineering, is experimenting with an adsorptive
filtration process that removes inorganic
contaminants from the liquid phase. The process
17
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uses a variety of materials to adsorb metals onto the
surface of minerals that have been immobilized on
substrate particles. After the metal contaminants are
separated from the absorbent material, it can be
reused to treat subsequent batches of waste.
Wastewater Technology Centre is investigating the
use of pervaporation, a demonstrated membrane
technology, for the removal and concentration of
VOCs from aqueous wastes. Two streams are
produced by this process: a treated effluent free of
VOCs and a vapor containing concentrated VOCs.
Both phases require further processing for
decontamination.
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT
TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM MOVES
FORWARD
Through EPA's Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Las Vegas, NV (EMSL-LV),
monitoring and measurement technologies are
evaluated to determine their ability to: (1) assess the.
extent of contamination; (2) determine effects on
human health and the environment; (3) aid in the
selection of the most appropriate remedial action;
and (4) monitor the effectiveness of a selected
remedy. The Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program (MMTP) focuses only on
field-ready technologies that detect, monitor, and
measure hazardous and toxic substances in air,
surface waters, soil, subsurface (saturated and vadose
zones), wastes, and biological tissues.
A number of activities occurred under the MMTP
this past fiscal year, including two demonstrations.
A field immunoassay kit and a laboratory-based
immunoassay were used to measure
pentachlorophenol in treated and untreated ground
water during the demonstration of BioTrol, Inc's.
biological treatment system for ground water at the
MacGillis and Gibbs Superfund site in New
Brighton, MN.
In a second project, a cooperative field study was
undertaken with the State of Delaware's Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental Control.
At four sites near hazardous waste landfills,
comparisons between air sampling and monitoring
techniques were emphasized. Technologies that were
investigated include canister-based samplers, Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTTR) spectroscopy for longpath
monitoring of ambient air volatile organics, and solid
sorbant sampling and analysis. Comparisons between
canister-based and the FTIR methodologies were
carried out to develop point and longpath
monitoring relationships.
During Fiscal Year 1990 the EMSL-LV has set
ambitious goals for the MMTP. One significant
activity will be to collect information on innovative
monitoring and measurement technologies to
develop technology profiles. This effort will provide
an information base from which the Agency can
determine where the technology and data gaps exist.
The Agency also has some resources in the SITE
Program to support the development and
demonstration of the most promising field-ready
technologies identified.
The MMTP has both a field demonstration and an
emerging technologies component. It is anticipated
that three to five SITE demonstrations will be
conducted under the MMTP in Fiscal Year 1990.
Presently EMSL-LV is considering the following
technologies for demonstration:
• An immunoassay field kit for the
measurement of benzene, toluene and
xylene in soil
• A side-by-side demonstration of field
mass spectrometers
• Data acquisition and management
software for use with field portable x-
ray fluorescence
• Sample preparation equipment for
thermal desorption of volatile organic
compounds from soil samples
• HR-FT-IR spectrometer for the
detection of ambient volatile organic
carbon compound emissions from
Superfund sites
In addition, the MMTP is considering the following
types of emerging technologies for inclusion in the
program in Fiscal Year 1990:
• Mercuric iodide detectors for use with
field x-ray fluorescence spectrometers
• A computer interface between a data
telemetry system and geophysical and
x-ray fluorescence technologies
• Field methods for measuring
hexavalent chromium in soils
18
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• Development of new soil sampling
methods for volatile organic compounds
Planning and coordinating the Second International
Symposium on Field Screening Methods for Hazard
Waste and Toxic Chemicals will be an important
activity for Fiscal Year 1990. The symposium is
scheduled for February 12-14, 1990 in Las Vegas,
Nevada. The first symposium, held in October 1988,
was successful in bringing together a mix of
individuals representing various Federal and state
agencies, technology developers, and venture
capitalists to discuss rapid, in-field site
characterization and monitoring technologies. The
proceedings from the symposium were provided to
the National Technical Information Service for
public distribution.
In addition to the demonstration reports produced in
Fiscal Year 1990, two administrative documents will
be finalized and available for distribution:
• Overview of the Monitoring and
Measurement Technologies Program
Operating Under the SITE Program
• Guidelines for Demonstrating
Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Under the SITE Program
For further information on the MMTP, contact:
Eric Koglin, U.S. EPA, EMSL-LV, P.O. Box 93478,
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, (702) 798-7432.
NEWS BRIEFS
• FIVE PROJECTS IN THE
EMERGING-TECHNOLOGIES
PROGRAM AWARDED SECOND
YEAR FUNDING: Results to date are
sufficiently encouraging to warrant
second-year funding for the Chalk River
Nuclear Laboratories; the Colorado
School of Mines; Energy and
Environmental Systems, Inc.; Harmon
Environmental Services, Inc.; and the
Western Research Institute. Bio-
Recovery Systems, Inc., requested
funding for one year only.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES WANTED:
The fifth annual Request for Proposal
(RFP SITE 005) for innovative
treatment technologies will be issued in
January 1990. Technologies selected
for demonstration must be at field
scale and of sufficient size to generate
valid performance and cost data. To
be put on the mailing list for RFP
SITE 005, write to: William Frietsch,
USEPA/RREL, 26 W. Martin Luther
King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
47 PROPOSALS RECEIVED FOR
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
PROGRAM: The EPA has evaluated
47 preproposals as a result of the third
annual Request for Proposal (RFP
SITE EOS) for the Emerging
Technologies program. The Agency
received 577 requests for RFP SITE
E03, which was issued on July 7, 1989.
Respondents who submit acceptable
preproposals will be invited in
December to submit Cooperative
Agreement applications. To be put on
the mailing list for RFP SITE E04, to
be issued in July 1990, write Mr.
William Frietsch at the address given
above.
For additional information on the
SITE Program, please contact!
RCRA/CERCLA Hotline
800-424-9346
202-382-3000 (Washington, B.C.
metropolitan area)
To be placed on the SITE Program
mailing list, send your name and
address to: ;
Dorothy Williams
US. EPA/CERI
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
19
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
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