EPA-450/4-89-013a
September 1989
SURFACE IMPOUNDMENT
MODELING SYSTEM (SIMS)
USER'S MANUAL
By
Sheryl L. Watkins
Radian Corporation
3200 Progress Center
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
EPA Contracts No. 68-02-4378
and 68-02-4392
Project Officer
David C. Misenheimer
Technical Support Division
Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared For:
Control Technology Center
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
111
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NOTICE
This report was prepared by Radian Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC. It has been
reviewed for technical accuracy by the Emission Standards Division and the Technical Support Division of
the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards, and the Air And Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory of the Office Of Research And Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and
approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended to constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report was prepared for the Control Technology Center by Sheryl L. Watkins of Radian
Corporation. The EPA project officer was David C. Misenheimer of the Office Of Air Quality Planning
And Standards. Also serving on the EPA project team were Penny E. Lassiter, Randy McDonald and Anne
A. Pope of the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards and James B. White of the Office Of Research
And Development
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CONTENTS
Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2 INSTALLATION 2-1
Floppy Drive Installation 2-1
Hard Disk Installation 2-1
3 OPERATION 3-1
Starting SIMS 3-1
Main Menu 3-1
File 3-4
File/Retrieve 3-4
Fi 1 e/Save 3-6
File/New 3-6
Input 3-10
Input/Description 3-10
Input/Parameters 3-13
Input/Industries. 3-15
Input/Pollutants 3-15
Input/Poll utant/Review 3-18
Input/Pollutant/Add 3-18
Input/Pollutant/Delete 3-18
Input/View 3-23
Calcul ate 3-23
Print 3-23
Configuration 3-28
Quit 3-28
v.
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Surface impoundments are used to treat, store, and dispose of wastewater
generated by facilities in many different industries. These wastewater
streams may contain a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and toxic
air pollutants. Because surface impoundments are normally open to the atmo-
sphere, the potential for air emissions exists. As such, state and local air
pollution control agencies need a methodology to estimate the air emissions
from surface impoundments.
The Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS) is a personal computer
based program designed to estimate the air emissions from surface impound-
ments. The emission estimates are based on mass transfer models developed by
the Emissions Standards Division (ESD) of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) during the evaluation of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and dis-
posal facilities (TSDF's). SIMS allows the user to specify all the required
inputs to the ESD emission models when this information is available. More-
over, when only limited information is available, SIMS provides default values
for most of the model inputs.
This manual presents a complete reference for all of the features and
commands in SIMS. Section 2 explains how to install SIMS on your personal
computer. Section 3 discusses the commands you need to use in the program.
This manual should be thoroughly read before using SIMS.
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SECTION 2
INSTALLATION
This section tells you how to install SIMS on your personal computer.
SIMS requires DOS version 2.0 or higher, one floppy disk drive, 512 kilobytes
of main memory (RAM) with 300 kilobytes free, and an IBM® PC, XT, AT, or other
fully IBM compatible model of personal computer.
Before installing or using SIMS, make a backup copy of the program and
its database files (SI_CHEM.DBF, SI_COMP.DBF, and SIJND.DBF). Store this
backup copy in a safe place for use only if something were to happen to your
working copy of the program.
SIMS may be run either from a floppy disk or from a hard disk. However,
since the computer can read information from a hard disk more quickly than
from a floppy disk, it is recommended that the hard disk installation be used
whenever possible.
FLOPPY DRIVE INSTALLATION
For floppy drive use, no special installation steps are required.
Simply insert a working copy of the SIMS diskette in the default drive
whenever you want to run the program.
HARD DISK INSTALLATION
To install SIMS on a hard disk, first create a directory for SIMS using
the following command:
MD \SIMS
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Then, copy all of the files from the SIMS diskette to the new directory by
typing:
COPY A:*.* \SIMS
Finally before trying to run the program, change to the SIMS directory by
typing:
CD \SIMS
Included on the SIMS diskette is a batch file named RUNSIMS.BAT. This
file may be copied to your root directory (C:\) and used to run SIMS from any
directory on your hard disk. To start SIMS using this batch file, type:
RUNSIMS
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SECTION 3
OPERATION
This section describes all of the features and commands in the Surface
Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS). Hints and suggestions intended to help
you take full advantage of the program also are included.
STARTING SIMS
To start SIMS from DOS, type:
SIMS
The introductory screen presented in Figure 3-1 should appear on the computer
display. Press any key to begin loading the database files. After the files
have been loaded, the SIMS Main Menu should appear as shown in Figure 3-2.
Some personal computers attempt to simulate color on monochrome displays
(for example, Compaq and Toshiba computers). This simulation can cause the
SIMS display to look faded or to hide the cursor. If you experience either of
these problems, or if the display looks unusual, try running SIMS in the mono-
chrome mode. To start SIMS in the monochrome mode from DOS, type:
SIMS -M
MAIN MENU
SIMS uses bar menus, which appear at the top of the computer display, to
control the actions of the program. You may select an entry from the menu
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nn c
11 Jl O
Surface Impoundment Modeling System
Sponsored by:
Control Technology Center
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Reasearch Triangle Park, NC 27711
Project Officer: David C. Misenheimer, USEPA
Developed by Radian Corporation
Press any key to begin...
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Input Calculate Print Configuration Quit
Retrieve or save a study.
Figure 3-2. SIMS Main Menu.
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either by typing the first letter or by using the cursor motion keys
([left arrow] and [right arrow]) to highlight the desired entry and pressing
[Enter], After a menu entry is selected, SIMS will either perform some action
or present another menu of options (a sub-menu). To exit a sub-menu and
return to the parent menu, press [Esc].
The commands available in the SIMS Main Menu are:
File Retrieves or saves study definition files.
Input Specifies the input data for the calculations.
Calculate Calculates the air emission estimates.
Print Prints the report of the emission estimates.
Configuration Updates the configuration parameters for SIMS.
Quit Quits SIMS and returns to DOS.
FILE
This entry starts a sub-menu that controls the creation and retrieval of
study definition files. A study definition file contains all the input data
for a calculation. Once created, these files may be recalled and used at a
later time. Figure 3-3 shows an example of the File sub-menu. The commands
available in this sub-menu are:
Retrieve Retrieves an existing study file.
Save Saves the current study to a file.
New Deletes the current study and starts a new study.
FILE/RETRIEVE
File/Retrieve sets all of the calculation input parameters to the values
saved in an existing study definition file. Study definition files are
created with the SIMS File/Save command and have the filename extension of
SDF.
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Save New
Retrieve an existing study.
Figure 3-3. SIMS File Sub-menu.
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When File/Retrieve is selected, a pop-up menu containing the study
definition files located in the SIMS default directory is presented (Figure 3-
4). SIMS uses pop-up menus to select items from a list of entries. Use
[Up arrow] and [Down arrow] to highlight the entry you wish to select. Press
[Enter] to select the item or press [Esc] to abort the menu without making a
selection.
You may select an existing study file from this menu or you may abort the
menu by pressing [Esc]. If you abort the menu, you will be prompted for a
study file name. Continuing to press [Esc] will return you to the File sub-
menu.
An example study definition file has been included on the SIMS diskette.
The name of the file is EXAMPLE.SDF. If you want your computer to duplicate
the example figures in the remainder of this manual, you must retrieve the
EXAMPLE study file.
FILE/SAVE
File/Save copies all of the current input values to a specified study
definition file. If the specified file already exists, SIMS will ask if you
want to overwrite the existing file. Overwriting a file destroys the existing
contents of the file.
Figure 3-5 shows the initial SIMS prompt containing the currently defined
study file name. If no file name is currently defined (or if you abort the
current name by pressing [Esc]), a pop-up menu of the existing study
definition files is presented. As with File/Retrieve, you may select an
existing file or press [Esc] to enter a new file name.
FILE/NEW
The File/New option provides you with a way to start the SIMS program
from scratch without having to quit and restart the program. As shown in
Figure 3-6, SIMS asks if you really want to clear the existing study. This
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.. Save New
Retrieve an existing study.
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file
EXAMPLE.SDF 09/01/89 SIMS Example Case
Figure 3-4. Retrieving a Study File.
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Retrieve $*¥* New
Save the current study to disk.
$y$t*a»
Enter the name of the study file:
Figure 3-5. Saving a Study File.
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option deletes the current input parameter values and resets the values to
zero.
INPUT
This Main Menu entry starts a sub-menu that controls the specification of
the input data for the model calculations. Figure 3-7 shows an example of the
Input sub-menu. The commands available in this sub-menu are:
Description Describe the surface impoundment and supply the required
input data.
Parameters Review and modify the emission model input parameters.
Industries Specify the industrial categories that make up the
influent stream.
Pollutants Review and modify the list of pollutants in the influent
stream.
View Displays the current study input parameter values.
INPUT/DESCRIPTION
The Input/Description option starts the Impoundment Description data
entry form as shown in Figure 3-8. SIMS uses data entry forms to obtain input
values from the user. A data entry form consists of several data entry
fields, each of which accepts a specific piece of information. When a data
entry field is entered, a message describing the type of data to be input in
the field is displayed at the bottom of the form.
There are two types of data entry fields. For the most common type, you
must enter a piece of information in the field. A default value may be dis-
played in the field, but this value may be overwritten. If a field contains a
numeric value, the contents of the field can be cleared by pressing the space
bar. Numeric values must be input in the specified units of measure.
The second type of field is a select field. For this type of field, you
select the desired entry by pressing the space bar to toggle through a list of
possible entries.
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Parameters Industries Pollutants View
Specify the impoundment description.
Figure 3-7. SIMS Input Sub-menu.
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Parameters Industries Pollutants View
Specify the impoundment description.
Press [F10] to save the data, [Esc] to abort.
Name:
Facility:
Flow model :
Type:
Feed Flow Rate:
Surface Area:
Enter the name of the
$t«$ Cxau^l* Cm
Industrial
Flow-through
Aerated, biodegradation
0.062300 m3/s ( 1.421998 MGD )
17652.0000 m2
impoundment.
Figure 3-8. Describing the Impoundment.
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You may move between the data entry fields by pressing [Up arrow],
[Down arrow], or [Enter]. Once all of the fields in the form have been
completed, you may save the changes and exit the form by pressing [F10] or, if
the cursor is on the last field, by pressing [Enter]. Alternatively, you may
exit the form without saving the changes by pressing [Esc].
The Impoundment Description data entry form is used to describe the sur-
face impoundment and to supply the two required input values -- the feed flow
rate and the impoundment surface area. The feed flow rate may be input either
as meter3/second (m3/s) or million gallons/day (MGD).
From the description information, default values are calculated for all
of the remaining emission model input parameters. Saving the impoundment
description information resets the impoundment parameters to the calculated
default values. As such, if the impoundment parameters contain existing user
supplied values, SIMS will ask you to verify that the description information
should be saved.
INPUT/PARAMETERS
The Input/Parameters option starts the Impoundment Parameters data entry
form (see Figure 3-9). This data entry form is used to review and modify the
remaining air emission model input parameters. Since the physical property
data contained in the database are specified for 25°C, the ambient temperature
cannot be changed. Default values for all of the fields in this form have
been calculated from the information in the Impoundment Description form. As
such, whenever the information in the Impoundment Description form is saved,
the fields in this form are reset to the calculated default values.
The pointer in the lower left corner of the form indicates that more
values occur below and that the [PgDn] key should be pressed.
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Descripl
Specify t
:ic
.h«
>n ..,J*a*tt*t$*$-.-. Industries Pollutants View
> impoundment parameters.
Press [F10] to save the data, [Esc] to abort.
V
Ambient Temperature: 25.000000 deg. C
Wind Speed: .4:iii.^3C^ftii;: m/s
Impoundment Depth: 1.966927 m
Retention Time: 154.807363 hr
Biomass Concentration: 300.000000 g/m3
Total Power to Aerators: 919.581735 hp
Number of Aerators: 12
Turbulent Surface Area: 24.000000 %
Enter the wind speed.
Figure 3-9. Reviewing the Impoundment Parameters.
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INPUT/INDUSTRIES
In some cases, state and local regulatory personnel may not have informa-
tion on the concentrations of the pollutant constituents in the feed to the
impoundment. For these cases, SIMS can calculate default pollutant concentra-
tions based on the industrial sources discharging to the impoundment.
The Input/Industries option, as shown in Figure 3-10, is used to specify
the industrial sources discharging to the impoundment. The influent indus-
tries are marked with a '>'. To mark or unmark an industry, press the space
bar. Once all of the influent industries have been marked, press [F10] to
save the changes and exit the form.
A default list of pollutants and concentrations is prepared by SIMS based
on the specified industrial sources discharging to the impoundment. Saving
the information in the Industries data entry form replaces the current lists
of pollutants and concentrations with a list of defaults. If the lists
contain user supplied values, SIMS will ask you to verify that the information
on the form should be saved.
The calculation of the default pollutant concentrations is dependent on
the location of the impoundment (POTW or Industrial). Therefore, if the loca-
tion of the impoundment is changed in the Impoundment Description data entry
form, the default pollutant concentrations must be recalculated. This can be
accomplished by selecting the Input/Industries option, marking the influent
industries, and pressing [F10] to save the changes.
INPUT/POLLUTANTS
The Input/Pollutants option starts the Pollutant sub-menu. From this
sub-menu, you can review and modify the list of pollutants and concentrations
entering the impoundment (see Figure 3-11). The commands available in this
sub-menu are:
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. System
Description Parameters . JiK&StHe*. Pollutants View
Specify the industrial categories for the influent.
Press [F10] to save the data, [Esc] to abort.
1 ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS
2 BATTERY MFG
3 COAL, OIL, PETROLEUM PRODS, & REFINING
4 DYE MFG & FORMULATION
5 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
6 ELECTROPLATING & METAL FINISHING
7 EQUIPMENT MFG & ASSEMBLY
8 EXPLOSIVES MFG
9 GUM & WOOD CHEMICALS, & RELATED OILS
10 INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL LAUNDRIES
11 INK MFG & FORMULATION
12 INORGANIC CHEMICALS MFG
13 IRON & STEEL MFG & FORMING
14 LEATHER TANNING & FINISHING
15 NONFERROUS METALS FORMING
Press the SPACE BAR to mark the influent industries,
Figure 3-10. Selecting the Industries Discharging to the Impoundment.
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t*ftp<>w«to»ei*t$ Mwteliag:
Add Delete
Review the list of influent pollutants.
Figure 3-11. SIMS Pollutants Sub-menu.
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Review Review the current list of influent pollutants and modify
their associated concentrations.
Add Add a pollutant to the current list of influent pollu-
tants.
Delete Delete a pollutant from the list of influent pollutants.
Default values for the list of pollutants and concentrations are
calculated from the information in the Industries data entry form. As such,
whenever the information in the Industries form is saved, the current list of
pollutants and concentrations is replaced with a list of defaults.
INPUT/POLLUTANT/REVIEW
This option starts the data entry form as shown in Figure 3-12. The
current list of influent pollutants is displayed along with the total inlet
concentrations. The values in the concentration data entry fields may be
modified. Press [F10] to save the changes and exit the form.
INPUT/POLLUTANT/ADD
This option starts the pop-up menu presented in Figure 3-13. This pop-up
menu presents the pollutants defined in the SIMS database that have not been
included in the list of influent pollutants. Select the pollutant you wish to
add to the influent stream. After a pollutant is selected, you will be asked
to enter the influent concentration for the pollutant (see Figure 3-14).
INPUT/POLLUTANT/DELETE
This option starts the pop-up menu presented in Figure 3-15 and is used
to delete pollutants from the influent list. Select the pollutants you wish
to delete. SIMS asks if you are sure you want to remove the pollutant before
the deletion is completed.
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Review
£ Add Delete
the list of influent pollutants.
Press [F10] to save the data, [Esc] to abort.
V
107-02-8 ACROLEIN &ttOtt$ g/m3
71-43-2 BENZENE 10.299708 g/m3
117-81-7 BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE 7.069752 g/m3
74-83-9 BROMOMETHANE 0.003736 g/m3
85-68-7 BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE 7.069730 g/m3
56-23-5 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 0.941191 g/m3
108-90-7 CHLOROBENZENE 0.000080 g/m3
67-66-3 CHLOROFORM 7.986239 g/m3
74-87-3 CHLOROMETHANE 0.131771 g/m3
84-74-2 DIBUTYLPHTHALATE 0.000004 g/m3
95-50-1 DICHLOROBENZENE(1,2) (-0) 0.765779 g/m3
106-46-7 DICHLOROBENZENE(1,4) (-p) 1.294248 g/m3
107-06-2 DICHLOROETHANE(1,2) 0.000015 g/m3
120-83-2 DICHLOROPHENOL(2,4) 0.028363 g/m3
84-66-2 D I ETHYL PHTHALATE 0.000031 g/m3
Review the pollutants and concentrations.
Figure 3-12. Reviewing the List of Influent Pollutants.
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Review M4 Delete
Add pollutants to the list.
7$-? I -
tli-H-3
$y$t#»
111-44-4 BlS(a-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
Figure 3-13. Adding a Pollutant to the Influent Pollutant List,
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Review Ad<$ Delete
Add pollutants to the list.
Enter the concentration for the pollutant:
l g/m3
Figure 3-14. Entering the Concentration for an Added Pollutant.
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Review Add $Q$lifjii
Remove pollutants from the list.
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INPUT/VIEW
Input/View allows you to review the current values for all of the input
parameters. These values are presented in the report format shown in Figure
3-16. The text of the report can be scrolled using the cursor motion keys.
[Home] moves to the beginning of the text and [End] moves to the end. [PgUp]
and [PgDn] move the text up a page or down a page, respectively. The pointer
in the lower left corner of the display indicates that more text occurs below
and that the [PgDn] key should be used to view it. When you have finished
viewing the input value report, press [Esc] to return to the Input sub-menu.
CALCULATE
This Main Menu entry performs the air emission estimates for the defined
surface impoundment. Before the calculation is performed, SIMS checks that
all of the input values are non-zero. If zero values are found, a warning
message is displayed. If the input values are acceptable, SIMS asks if you
are ready to calculate the emission estimates (see Figure 3-17). After the
calculations have been completed, a report of the air emission estimates is
displayed (see Figure 3-18). Use the cursor motion keys to scroll through the
report and press [Esc] to exit.
PRINT
This Main Menu option generates a report of the air emission estimates
for the defined surface impoundment. As shown in Figure 3-19, the report can
be sent either to the printer or to a file. Check that your printer is on and
that it has paper before you send the report to the printer. If you select to
send the report to a file, SIMS will prompt for the file name. If the
specified file exists, SIMS will ask if you want to overwrite the existing
file.
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&&!!!t^
Description Parameters Industries Pollutants l$j|ji$|r
View the study input parameters.
Use the cursor motion keys to scroll the text. [Esc] to exit.
IMPOUNDMENT DESCRIPTION
Name: SIMS Example Case
Location: Industrial
Type: Aerated, biodegradation
Flow model: Flow-through
Physical Dimensions
Surface area: 1.7764-004 m2
Liquid depth: 1.97e+000 m
Operational Parameters
Feed flow rate: 6.23e-002 m3/s
Figure 3-16. Viewing the Current Input Parameter Values.
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, $y$t«ft
File Input Calculate Print Configuration Quit
Calculate air emission estimates.
No
Figure 3-17. Preparing to Calculate the Air Emissions,
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Fi1
Cal(
$y*f*c* ItnjKwfldmeittJ ffcx$eiiti$ $>st*m
e Input ta?«i*1-at* Print Configuration Quit
:ulate air emission estimates.
Use the cursor motion keys to scroll the text. [Esc] to exit.
V
SIMS ESTIMATED AIR EMISSIONS
Study definition file: EXAMPLE. SDF
IMPOUNDMENT DESCRIPTION
Name: SIMS Example Case
Location: Industrial
Type: Aerated, biodegradation
Flow model: Flow-through
Physical Dimensions
Surface area: 1.77e+004 m2
Liquid depth: l,97e+000 m
Figure 3-18. Results of the Air Emission Calculations.
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.
File Input Calculate
Print report of emission estimates.
Configuration Quit
t*t
Send report to the printer.
t* 4 file.
Figure 3-19. Preparing to Print the Air Emission Report.
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CONFIGURATION
The Configuration option starts the SIMS Configuration Parameters data
entry form (see Figure 3-20). This form allows you to set the following
configuration parameters used by SIMS:
Default directory;
Printer port;
Printer setup string;
Page margins; and
Page length.
Setup strings for your printer can be found in the printer's manual.
Typically, the string will contain several control characters that can be
represented as \nnn (a backslash followed by a 3 digit number).
The updated parameters may be saved in the SIMS configuration file for
use in future sessions.
QUIT
The Quit option from the Main Menu exits SIMS and returns to DOS. As
shown in Figure 3-21, SIMS will ask you if you really want to quit and will
remind you if you have not saved your input values.
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File
Update 1
Input Calculate Print ' C^ftf igw-atl^ Quit
the SIMS configuration parameters.
Press [F10] to save the data, [Esc] to abort.
Default Directory: tA$Jl*$\
Printer Port: LPT1
Setup String:
Left Margin: 5
Right Margin: 75
Top Margin: 5
Bottom Margin: 5
Page Length: 66
Enter the default directory for SIMS data files.
Figure 3-20. Setting the SIMS Configuration Parameters.
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No
Figure 3-21. Exiting SIMS.
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