Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance Of Freshwater Diatoms

EPA-670/4-74-005
November 1974
        ENVIRONMENTA
                  POLL!
                     F
Environmental Monitoring Series
                       r
EQUIREMENTS AND
 N  TOLERANH
liATER

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                                                EPA-670/4-74-005
                                                November 1974
          ENVIRONMENTAL  REQUIREMENTS AND POLLUTION

               TOLERANCE OF  FRESHWATER DIATOMS
                              By
                          Rex  L.  Lowe
               Bowling Green  State  University
                 Bowling  Green,  Ohio   43403
                 Program  Element  No.  1BA027
                       Project Officer

                       Gary B. Collins
Methods Development and Quality Assurance  Research Laboratory
           National Environmental Research Center
                   Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
             Region 5, Library (PL42J)
             77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12Ui Fioof
             Chicago,  It  60604-3590

            ATION^ENMKP^fifieOfcESEARCH  CENTER
             OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
            U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                   CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268

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                           REVIEW NOTICE

     The National  Environmental  Research Center—Cincinnati  has
reviewed this report and approved its publication.   Approval  does
not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views  and
policies of the U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial  products constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for use.

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                               FOREWORD

     Man and his environment must be protected from the adverse
effects of pesticides, radiation, noise and other forms of pollu-
tion, and the unwise management of solid waste.  Efforts to pro-
tect the environment require a focus that recognizes the interplay
between the components of our physical environment—air, water,
and land.  The National Environmental Research Centers provide this
multidisciplinary focus through programs engaged in

  •  studies on the effects of environmental contaminants
     on man and the biosphere, and

  •  a search for ways to prevent contamination and to
     recycle valuable resources.

     This study focuses on one of the most important groups
of algae in aquatic ecosystems—the diatoms.  Water quality directly
effects the species composition of diatom communities and in turn,
these changes affect all higher trophic levels.  The diatoms are
unique among the algae in two ways:  they can be routinely identified
to the species level, and a great deal of information exists on the
range of ecological tolerance of many common species.  Data on
environmental requirements and pollution tolerance for approximately
300 common diatoms are summarized in this report.  This information
will be useful in evaluating biological data collected in enforce-
ment cases and in compliance and ambient water quality monitoring
conducted under Sections 104(a), 106(2), 308, 314(a), and 316(a) of
the FWPCAA of 1972.
                                         A.  W.  Breidenbach, Ph.D.
                                         Director
                                         National Environmental
                                         Research Center,  Cincinnati

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                             ABSTRACT

     Data on the environmental requirements and pollution tolerance
of 300 common species and varieties of fresh water diatoms was
compiled from 48 references.  The following parameters were considered:
pH, nutrients, salinity, organic pollution tolerance (saprobien
system), current, general habitat, specific habitat, seasonal distri-
bution, temperature and geographical distribution.  A consensus of
opinions for each parameter was established for most taxa.  It is
suggested that this compilation be employed to evaluate data from
plankton and periphyton samples collected for the assessment of
water quality.

     This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number
R-802495 by Rex L. Lowe under the sponsorship of the Environmental
Protection Agency.  Work was completed as of June, 1974.
                                  iv

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                             CONTENTS

Abstract                                                iv
Acknowledgements                                        vi
Recommendations                                         i
Introduction                                            2
Ecological Parameters                                   4
Data Compilation                                        10
Literature Cited                                        12
Appendix A                                              15
Appendix B                                              28
Appendix C                                              34

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                         ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     A compilation of information is, of course, dependent on the
original research of others.   I am indebted to all  of those whose
studies have become a part of this project.  The data summary form
used in this compilation was  developed with the help of the Aquatic
Biology Section, Methods Development & Quality Assurance Research
Laboratory.
                                VI

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                              RECOMMENDATIONS

     This compilation should be used in conjunction with literature
for diatom identification to help assess water quality.   As a user
generates additional information about a diatom species, it should be
added to the summary sheet.   As more information is gathered, either
from the users research or from references not included  in this compi-
lation, some consenses may change.   Thus, the compilation may become
more valuable to the user if used as an active resource.

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                                INTRODUCTION
     The objective of this  project is  to  compile,  standardize,  and  centralize
ecological  information about a number  of  non-marine  diatoms.    Most of  these
diatoms are species common  at E P A water surveilance  stations  on large
inland rivers (Weber, 1966).  Certain  other diatom species  that are common
in habitats not normally monitored by  the EPA are  also  included.   Diatoms
considered  in this project  are included in Apendix A.
     During recent years diatoms (Bacillariophyta) have  been  used with
increasing  frequency to assess the condition  of inland waters.   This group
of organisms is particularly well-suited  for  this  function  for  several  reasons.
     Diatoms can be identified to the  species level  relatively  easily.
This is not true of most other groups  of  algae or  aquatic invertebrates.
Since taxonomy of diatoms is based on  the ornamentation  of  the  inert silica
cell wall,  samples need no  special treatment  for preservation.   Common
species can be identified with a few taxonomic references (Weber, 1966),
(Patrick and Reimer, 1966)  and (Hustedt,  1930).
     Diatoms are among the  most ubiquitous of aquatic  organisms. They  are
found in a wide variety of aquatic habitats including  lakes,  ponds, bogs,
marshes, swamps, fens, rivers, creeks  and temporary pools.   Even man-made
habitats such as sewage-treatment-plant trickling  filters and irrigation
ditches have been exploited by diatoms.  In this variety of aquatic habitat
diatoms occupy a number of different micro habitats and are  often the dominant
producers  in both plankton and periphyton communities.

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     Finally, each diatom taxon is thought to occupy a different nitch in
the aquatic ecosystem responding individually to different chemical  and
physical  parameters.   Some species have broad tolerance ranges and are
abundant in a wide variety of habitats and ecological  conditions.   Other
species have very limited tolerance ranges and are normally restricted
to specific habitats  favorable to their existance.  By careful analysis of
a diatom community and a knowledge of community members'  ecological
"preferences" and tolerances, a great deal can be ascertained about the
habitat and environment.
     As various investigators have studied diatom communities, bits of
information concerning the autecology of species has become available.
This information is distributed throughout many journals  in a number of
different languages.   In this form the information is  of  limited use to
those who would apply it.  The objective of this project  is to compile
information about a number of common non-marine diatoms.   Limited compilations
of this type have been used to characterize the environment in which fossil
diatom assembleges have accumulated (Colingsworth et.  al., 1967) and (Abbott
and Van Landingham, 1972).  Such a compilation could also be employed to
assess water quality  in existing aquatic habitats.

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                           ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

     Diatoms are affected by many different parameters in the environment
and it is probably a combination of factors that limit their distribution.
Several investigators have designated "spectral  ranges" for individual
chemical  and physical parameters.  Several  of these defined spectral  ranges
have been employed in this project.  Some parameters have had several
spectral  ranges applied to them by different authors, others have been
inadequately defined.  In these cases the spectral ranges have been redefined
for purposes of standardization.  The parameters considered in this compilation
are described below.
     1.  pH spectrum.  The ranges employed for diatom distribution relative
         to pH were described by Hustedt (1937-1938).  Perhaps of greater
         importance are the optimum pH values for individuals.  These values
         have been reported for several species.
         Acidobiontic:  occurring at a pH below 7 with best development below
                        5.5
         Acidophilous:  occurring at a pH around 7 with best development
                        below 7.
         Indifferent:  best development around a pH of 7.
         Al kali philous:  occurring at a pH around 7 with best development
                         over 7.
         Alkalibiontic:  occurring only in alkaline water.

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2.   Nutrient spectrum.   This  spectrum is  a  modification  of one  presented
    by Smith (1966).
    Eutrophic:   characteristic  of water with  high  nutrient concentrations.
    Mesotrophic:  characteristic  of water with  moderate  nutrient
                  concentrations.
    Oligotrophic:   characteristic of water  with low nutrient  concentrations.
    Dystrophic:  characteristic of water  rich in humic material.
3.   Halobion spectrum.   This  spectrum is  a  modification  of Kolbe's
    (1927).   Although Klobe's system is based on chlorides it has been
    observed that  other ions  may  be of greater  importance than  chloride
    in inland waters  (Hutchinson, 1957, Christiansen and Reimer, 1968).
    Kolbe's  chloride  system is  maintained because  of the wealth of data
    appearing in the  literature.
    Polyhalobous:   occurring  in salt concentrations over 40,000 mg/1.
    Euhalobous:  marine forms,  occurring  in salt concentrations of
                 30,000 to 40,000 mg/1.
    Mesohalobous:   brackish-water forms occurring  in salt concentrations
                   of 500 to  30,000 mg/1.
      (alpha range):   occurring in salt concentrations of 10,000 to
                      30,000  mg/1.
      (beta  range):  occurring  in salt concentrations of 500  to 10,000 mg/1.
    Oligohalobous:  freshwater  forms occurring  in  salt concentrations
                    of less than  500 mg/1.
      (halophilous):   stimulated  by small amounts  of salt.
      (indifferent):   tolerates small  amounts of salt.
      (halophobous):   does not  tolerate small  amounts of salt.

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    Euryhalobous (Euryhalinous):   occurring over broad  ranges of  salt
                                  concentration, often  encompassing  2
                                  or more  large  spectral  designations.
4.  Saprobien spectrum.   This spectrum was first proposed by Kolkwitz
    and Marsson (1908)  and was later modified  by various  investigators.
    The saprobien system has been rejected by  some  investigators
    (Schoeman, 1973) in light of  recent findings by Cholnoky (1953,
    1958 and 1968).   Cholnoky's investigations indicate that nitrogenous
    compounds may be a  more important factor than organic pollution  in
    determining the distribution  of diatoms.   Organic  nitrogen  requirements,
    nitrogen heterotrophy, have been demonstrated for  a number  of species.
    These species, when present in large numbers, are  excellent indicators
    of organic pollution.  The saprobien system is  included  in  this
    compilation because of the wealth of data  available.   Information on
    nitrogen heterotrophy is included when such information  is  known.
    Polysaprobic:  characteristic of zone  of degredation  and putrefication,
                   oxygen usually absent or low in  concentration.
    Mesosaprobic:  characteristic of zone  where oxidation of organic
                   load is proceeding.
       (alpha range):  range of stronger pollution nitrogen in  the form
                      of ami no acids.
       (beta range):  range of weaker pollution, nitrogen  in  the form
                     of ammonia compounds.
       Oligosaprobic:  characteristic  of zone  where oxidation of
                       biodegradable  compounds is complete.  The
                       concentration  of inorganic nutrients is  usually high.

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    Saprophilic:  occurring usually in polluted waters but also in
                  clean water habitats.
    Saproxenous:  occurring in clean water habitats but also in
                  polluted ones.
    Saprophobic (Katharobic):  characteristic of waters that have not
                               been exposed to pollutants.
5.   Current spectrum.   The designations employed for current were
    defined by Hustedt (1937-1938).
    Limnobiontic:   characteristic only of standing waters.
    Limnophilous:   characteristic of standing water but may be found in
                   running water.
    Indifferent:  common in both  flowing and standing water.
    Rheophilous:  characteristic  of running water but may be found in
                  standing water.
    Rheobiontic:  characteristic  only of running water.
6.   General habitat.   Type of water body or macrohabitat characteristic
    for the species.
    Marine:  characteristic of oceans and seas.
    Estuary:  characteristic of estuaries and brackish water habitats
    Lake:  characteristic of large inland bodies of standing water.
    Pond:  characteristic of small bodies of standing water
    River:  characteristic of larger streams
    Spring and Stream:  characteristic of small streams.
    Aerophilous:  characteristic  of non-submerged habitats.
    Other:  general habitats not  listed above

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7.  Specific habitat.   Specific distribution or microhabitat.
    Euplanktonic:  normally suspended in the water,  distribution
                   is  current dependent.
    Tychoplanktonic:  normally associated with periphytic  or
                      terrestrial  habitats but often suspended in
                      the water.
    Periphytic (aufwuchs, littoral):  occurring on,  but not penetrating,
                                     the substrate  and submerged objects.
      epipelic:  occurring on mud.
      epilithic:  occurring on rock.
      epidendric:  occurring on wood.
      epiphytic:  occurring on plants.
      epizooic:  occurring on animals.
      attached:  normally sessil.
      unattached:  normally "free".
8.  Seasonal distribution.  Authors'  comments on seasonal  distribution
    of diatoms are included in this  section.
    Winter - optimum growth during winter.
    Spring - optimum growth during spring.
    Summer - optimum growth during summer.
    Fall - optimum growth during fall.
9.  Temperature spectrum.  This spectrum includes both optimum
    temperatures in centigrade degrees and ranges of temperature
    change tolerated by individuals.
    Euthermal:  warm-water forms usually occurring at temperature
                greater than 30° c.
                                8

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     Mesothermal:   temperate-water forms,  usually occurring between
                   15° and 30° c<
     Oligothermal:   cold-water forms,  usually occurring between  0° and 15°  C.
     Stenothermal:   occurring over a temperature range of no greater than
                    5° C,
     Metathermal:   occurring over a temperature range of from 5° to  15°.
     Eurythermal:   occurring over a temperature range of 15° or  greater.
     Undesignated:   either the optimum temperature or the range  of
                    tolerance are not  designated.
10.   Geographical  distribution and other pertinent information.   Most
     of the diatoms included in this project are of cosmopolitan or
     worldly distribution.  Comments on geographical  distribution are
     included here.  Additional information on factors influencing
     diatom distribution may also be found here including Hustedt's
     (1937-1938)  oxygen system and Niessen's (1956) calcium system.
     Authors included in this compilation  are listed in Appendix B.
     Authors are  identified by number  on each of the diatom species
     ecology sheets.

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                              DATA COMPILATION

     Certain liberties have been taken in the interpretation of authors'
comments on diatom ecology.  Some authors did not designate spectral  categories
for some of the parameters.  Often inferences were made and enough information
was given that enabled a designation to be made in the compilation.   For
example, if an investigator reported a pH range but no pH spectral designation,
the designation was made by inference.  In other instances, authors have
designated spectral categories for diatoms that have required modification.
For example, if an investigator reported a species to be either periphytic
or planktonic, it would be placed in the categories periphyton and
tychoplankton.
     A consensus is established for each of the ecological  parameters on
which comments have been compiled.  The spectral category of a given parameter
with the greatest number of entries is considered to be the consensus.  Any
other categories that have at least half as many entries as this are also
mentioned in the consensus.
     Ecological information on synonyms for a species are included with
that species.  For example, data collected pertaining to Navicula gracilis
Ehr. will be included under Navicula tripunctata (O.R. Mull.) Bory.
     This compilation is not intended to be used as a rigid definitive
assessment of the autecology of the species included.  It should  be
remembered that tne consensus for any parameter represents the findings of
                                      10

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a wide variety of investigators.   These individuals undoubtedly used
different methods of specimen collection and analysis of ecological  parameters,
Keeping these considerations in mind,  the compilation should prove  useful
to those employing diatoms in the assessment of water quality.   This
compilation is meant to be an active continuing resource.   As more
information becomes available on any species it may be added.  Species  not
included in this project may be added  on blanks provided at the end  of  the
species ecology section.
                                      11

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                              Literature Cited

1.   Abbott, W.H.  Jr.  and S.L.  Van Landingham.   Micropaleontology and
    paleoecology of miocene non-marine diatoms from the Harper District,
    Malheur County, Oregon.  Nova Hedw.   (Lehre)  23:   847-906, 1972.
2.   Cholnoky, B.J.   Studien zur Okology der Diatomeen eines  eutrophen
    subtropischen Gewassers.   [A study of the  ecology of the diatoms of
    eutrophic subtropical  waters.]  Ber. Deut. Bot.  Ges.  (Stuttgart)
    66:  347-356, 1953.
3.   Cholnoky, B.J.   Hydrobiologische untersuchungen in Transvaal II.
    Selbstreinigung im Jukskei-Crocodile Flusssystem.  [Hydrobiological
    investigation in Transvaal  II.]  Self purification in the Jukskei-
    Crocodile River system.  Hydrobiol.   (The  Hague)   11:  205-266,1958.
4.   Cholnoky, B.J.   Die Qkologie der Diatomeen in Binnengewasser.   [The
    ecology of diatoms in inland water.]  J. Cramer,  Lehre,  1968,  699 p.
5.   Christiansen, C.L. and C.W. Reimer.   Notes on the diatom Cylindrotheca
    gracilis (Br£b. ex.  KCItz.)  Grun:  its' ecology and distribution.  Proc.
    la. Acad. Sci.  75_:  36-41,  1968.
6.   Colingsworth, R.F., M.H.  Hohn, and G.B. Collins.   Postglacial
    physiochemical  conditions of Vestaburg Bog, Montcalm County, Michigan,
    based on diatom analyses.   Papers Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters,
    52:  19-30, 1967.
                                     12

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7.  Hustedt, F.   Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae).   In Pascher,  A.   (ed.)
    Die Susswasser-flora Mitteleuropas.   [The  freshwater flora of middle
    Europe.  ]  Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1930, 466 p.
8.  Hustedt, F.   Systematische and Okologische Untersuchungen  uber die
    Diatomeenflora von Java, Bali  and Samatra.  [Systematic and
    ecological  investigation of the diatom flora of Java, Bali and Sumatra.!
    Arch. f. Hydrobiol., Supplement-Band.   (Stuttgart)   TjS.:  131-177,
    16:  187-295 and 16.:  393-506, 1937-1938.
9.  Hutchinson,  G.E.  A treatise on limnology  I.  Jonn  Wiley and Sons,
    Inc.  New York, 1957, 1015 p.
10. Kolbe, R.W.   Zur Okologie, Morphologic, und Systematic der Brackwasser-
    Diatomeen.   [jhe ecology, morphology,  and  systematics of the brackish-
    water diatoms. 1 Pflanzenforschung.   (Jena)  7_:  1-146, 1927.
11. Kolkwitz, R. and M. Marsson.  O'kologie der pflanzlichen Sanrobien.
    [Saprobien ecology of plantsJ  Ber.  Deut. Bot. Ges. (Stuttgart)   26:
    505-519, 1908.
12. Niessen, H.   Okologische Untersuchungen uber die Diatomeen und
    Desmiuiaceen des Murnauer Hoores.  [Ecological  investigation of the
    diatoms and  desmids of Murnauer Moors.1  Arch.  f.  Hydrobiol. 51 :
    281-375, 1956.
13. Schoeman, F.R.  A systematical and ecological study of the diatom flora
    of Lesotho witn special reference to the water quality.  V & R Printers,
    Pretoria, 1973, 355 p.
14. Smith, R.L.   Ecology and field biology.  Harper and Row, New Yorlc,
    1966, 686 p.
                                    13

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15.   Van Landlngham,  S.L.   Catalogue of the fossil  and recent genera and
     species of diatoms and their synonyms, Part I.   J.  Cramer,  Lehre,
     1967, 493 p.
16.   Weber, C.I.  A guide  to the common diatoms at  water pollution
     surveillance system stations.   U.S. Environ.  Protection Agency, Nat!
     Environ. Res. Center, Analytical Quality Control  Lab., Cincinnati,
     Ohio, 1966, 98 p.
                                    14

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                             APPENDIX A
                  Diatoms  Included  in This  Compilation

Achnanthes affinis Grim, var. affinis
Achnanthes brevipes Ag. var. brevipes
Achnanthes clevei Grun. var. clevei
Achnanthes coarctata (Brdb.) Grun. var. coarctata
Achnanthes exigua Grun. var. exigua
Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva Krasske
Achnanthes flexella (Kutz.) Brun. var. flexella
Achnanthes hungarica (Grun.) Grun. var. hungarica
Achnanthes lanceolata  (Bre"b.) Grun.  var. lanceolata
Achnanthes lanceolata  var. dubia Grun.
Achnanthes linearis (W. Sm.) Grun. var. linearis
Achnanthes microcephala (Kutz.) Grun.  var. microcephala
Achnanthes minutissima KUtz. var. minutissima
Achnanthes nollii Bock var. nollii
Amphipleura pellucida Katz. var. pellucida
Aniphiprora alata KUtz. var. alata
Amphiprora ornata Bailey var. ornata
Amphiprora paludosa U. Sm. var. paludosa
Amphora coffeaeformis Ag. var. coffeaeformis
Amphora inflata Katz. var. inflata
Anipnora oval is Kutz. var. oval is
Amphora oval is var. lybica (E'nr.) Cl.
                                 15

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Amphora oval is var. pediculus Kutz.
Ampnora submontana Must, var. submontana
Amphora veneta (Kutz.) Must. var. veneta
Aiiomoeoneis foil is (Ehr.) Cl. var. foil is
Aiiomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta  (Ehr.) 0. Mull.
Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Ehr.) Pfitz. var. sphaerophora
Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grun.) Ross var. vitrea
Asterionella formosa Hass. var. formosa
Asterionella formosa var. gracillima (Hantz.) Grun.
Attneya zachariasi Brun. var. zachariasi
Baci 11 ari a paradoxa Gmel i n var. paradox a
Biddulphia laevis  Ehr. var.  laevis
Caloneis alpestris (Grun.) Cl. var. alpestris
Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory)  Cl. var. amphisbaena
Caloneis bacillaris var. thermal is (Grun.)  A.C1.
Caloneis bacillum  (Grun.) Cl. var. bacillum
Caloneis schumanm'ana var. biconstricta Grun.
Caloneis schumanniana (Grun.) Cl. var. schumanm'ana
Caloiieis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grun.) Mesit.
Capartogramma crucicula  (Grun. ex Cl.) Ross var.  crucicula
Cocconeis dimiriuta Pant. var. diminuta
Cocconeis pediculus Ehr. var. pediculus
Cocconeis p1 acentula var. euglypta  (Ehr.)  Cl.
Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehr.) V.H.
Cocconeis placentula Ehr. var. placentula
Cocconeis scute!lum Ehr. var. scutellum
                                       16

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Cocconeis thumensis A.  Mayer var. thumensis



Coscinodiscus lacustris Grun. var. lacustris



Cosci nodi sous rothii var.  subsalsa (»1uh1 .-Dannf.) Must.



Cyclotella aliquantula Hohn and Hellerman var. al iguantula



Cyclotella a tomus Hust. var. atomus



Cyclotella bodanica Eulenst. var. bodanica



Cyclotella caspia Grun. var. caspia



Cyclotella comta (Ehr.) Kutz. var. comta



Cyclptella crypta Reimann, Lewin and Guillard var. crypta



Cyclotella glomerata Bachmann var. glomerata



Cyclotella Kutzingiana Tliwaltes var. Kutzlnglana



Cyclotella meneghiniana Katz. var. meneghinlana



Cyclotella michlganiana Skv. var. micniganlana



Cyclotel1 a ocel1 ata Pant.  var. ocellata



Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hust. var. pseudostelligera



Cyclotella stelligera C1.  u. Grun. var. stelligera



Cyclotella striata  (Kutz.) Grun. var. strlata



Cylindrotheca gracll1s  (Breb.) Grun. var.  gracilis



Cymatopleura solea  (Brdb.) W. Sm. var. solea



Cymbella affinis Kutz. var. affinis



Cymbella aspera (Ehr.) Cl. var. aspera



Cymbella austriaca  Grun.  var. austriaca



Cymbella cistula (Hemprich) Grun. var. cistul a



Cymbella hustedtii Krasske var. husbedtii



Cymbella tnicrocephala Grun. var. micrpcepnala



Cymbella naviculaformis Auersw. var. naviculaformis
                                       17

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Cymbal la norwegica Grun. var. norwegica
Cymbella prostrata (Berk.) Cl. var. prostrata
Cymbella sinuata Greg, var. sinuata
Cymbella tumida (Bre*b.) V.H.  var. tumida
Cymbella turgida (Greg.) Cl.  var. turgida
Cymbella ventn'cosa Katz. var. ventricosa
Denticula elegans Kc/tz. var.  elegans
Diatoma anceps (Ehr.) Grun. var. anceps
Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Heib.  var. hiemale
Diatoma tenue var. elongatum  Lyngb.
Diatoma vulgare Bory. var. vulgare
Didymosphem'a geniinata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt var. geminata
Diploneis elliptica (Katz.) Cl. var. slliptica
Diploneis intorrupta  (Katz.)  Cl. var. interrupta
Diploneis oblongella  (Naeg. ex. Kutz.) Ross. var. oblongella
Diploneis smithii (Bre"b. ex.  Katz.) Cl. var. smithii
Ep it hernia so rex Kutz. var. sorex
Epithemia turgida (Ehr.) Kutz. var. turgida
Epitiiemia zebra (Ehr.) Kutz.  var. zebra
Eunotia curvata (Kcitz.) Lagsrst. var. curvata
Eunotia formica Ehr.  var. formica
Eunotia pectinail's var. minor (Kutz.) Rabh.
Eunotia pectinalis (O.F. Hall.?) Rabh. var.  pectinalis
Eunotia pectinal is var. undulata  (Ralfs.) Rabii.
Eunotia pectinalis var. ventricosa Grun.
Fragilaria brevistriata Grun. var. brevistriata
                                     18

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Fragilaria brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Hust.
Fragilaria capucina Desm. var.  capucina
Fragilaria construens (Ehr.) Grun. var. construens
Fragilaria construens var. subsalina Hust.
Fragilaria construens var. venter (Ehr.) Grun.
Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton var. crotonensis
Fragilaria intermedia Grun. var. intermedia
Fragilaria leptostauron var. dubia (Grun.) Hust.
Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. var. leptostauron
Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. var. pinnata
Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters, var. vaucheriae
Fragilaria virescens Ralfs. var. virescens
Frustulia rhomboides var. amphipleuroides (Grun.) Cl.
Frustulia rhomboides (Ehr.) Del. var. rhomboides
Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) Del. var. vulgaris
Gomphonema abbreviatum (Ag.) Kutz. var. abbreviatum
Gompnonema acuminatum Ehr. var. acuminatum
Gomphonema acuminatum var. coronata (Ehr.) W.Sm.
Gomphonema acuminatum var. brebissonii  (Kcrtz.) Cl.
Gomphonema angustatum (Katz.) Rabh. var. angustatum
Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus (Greg.) Grun.
Gomphonema constrictum Ehr. var. constrictum
Gomphonema gracile Ehr. var. gracile
Gompnonema intricatum Kcrtz. var. intricatum
Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyng.) Kcrtz. var. olivaceum
Gomphonema parvulum var. micropus (Katz.) Cl.
                                      19

-------
Gomphonema parvulum Kc/tz. var. parvulum
Gomphonema parvulum var. subelliptica Cl.
Gompnonema subtile Ehr. var. subtile
Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kcrtz.) Rabh. var. acuminatum
Gyrosigma macrum (W.Sm.) Griff & Henfr. var. macrum
Gyrosigma obtusatum (Sulliv. and Wormley) Boyer var. obtusatum
Gyrosigma scalproides  (Rabh.) Cl. var. scalproides
Gyrosigma spencerii (Queck.) Griff & Henfr. var. spencerii
Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. var. arcus
Hantz sc hia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. var. amphioxys
Hantzschia virgata (Roper) Grun. var. virgata
Mastogloia braunii Grun. var. braunii
Mastogloia grevillei M.Sm. var. grevillei
Mastogloia smithii Thwaites ex. W.Smith  var. smithii
Melpsira ambigua (Grun.) 0. Mull. var. ambigua
Melosira distans var.  africana Grun.
Melosira distans var.  a1pi_gena Grun.
Helosira distans (Ehr.)  Kcrtz. var. distans
Melosira distans var.  1irata  (Ehr.) Bethge
Melosira en scans var.  1irata  f.  lacustris  (Grun.)  Bethge
Melosira granulata var.  angustissima  0.  MCfll.
Melosira granulata  (Ehr.)  Ralfs.  var.  granulata
Melosira granulata f.  curvata Grun.
Melosira islandica 0.  Mcrll.  var.  islandica
Melosira italica  (Ehr.)  Kutz. var.  italica
Melosira italica var.  valida  Grun.
                                       20

-------
Melosira van'ans Ag. var. varians
Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. var. circulare
Microsiphona potamos Weber var. potamos
Navicula accomoda Must, var. accomoda
Navicula americana Ehr. var. americana^
Navicula amphibola Cl.  var. amphibola
Navicula baci11 urn Ehr.  bacillum
Navicula biconica Patr. var. biconica
Navicula canal is Patr.  var. canal is
Navicula capitata var.  hungarica (Grun.) Ross
Navicula confervacea (Kutz.) Grun.  var. confervacea
Navicula contenta Grun. var. contenta
Navicula contenta f. biceps Arn.
Navicula contenta f. parrallela Peterson
Navicula cryptocephala Kutz. var. cryptocephala
Navicula cryptocephala var. intermedia Grun.
Navicula cryptocephala var. veneta (Kutz.) Rabh.
Navicula cuspidata var. ambigua (Ehr.) Cl.
Navicula cuspidata (Kutz.) Kutz. var. cuspidata
Navicula cuspidata var. heribaudii  Per.
Navicula  decussis 0str. var. decussis
Navicula elginensis  (Greg.) Ralfs.  var. elginensis
Navicula exigua var. capitata Patr.
Navicula exigua Greg,  ex.  Grun. var. exigua
Navicula gastrum  (Ehr.) Kutz. var. gastrum
Navicula halophila (Grun.)  Cl. var. halophila
                                      21

-------
Navi'cula Integra (W.Sm.) Ralfs var. Integra
Navicula jaernefeltii Hust. var. jaernefeltii
Navicula lanceolata (Ag.) Kutz. var. lanceolata
Navicula luzonensls Hust. var. luzonensis
Navicula minima Grun. var. minima
Navicula mutica Kutz. var. mutica
Navicula mutica var. stigma Patr.
Navicula mutica var. tropica Hust.
Navicula notha Hall ace var. notha
Navicula oblonga (Kutz.) Kutz. var. oblonga
Navicula pelliculosa (Bre"b. ex. Kutz.) Hilse var. pelliculosa
Navicula peregrina (Ehr.) Kutz. var. peregrina
Navicula pseudoscutiformis Hust.  var.  pseudoscutiformis
Navicula pupula var. capitata  Skv.  and Meyer
Navicula pupula Katz. var. pupula
Navicula pupula var. rectangular!s (Greg.)  Grun.
Navicula pygmea Kutz. var. pygmea
Navicula radiosa Kutz.  var. radiosa
Navicula radiosa (Bre"b.  ex. Kutz.) Grun.  var.  tenel 1 a
Navicula reinhardii  (Grun.) Grun.  var. reinhardii
Navicula rhynchocephala  Kutz.  var. rhynchocephala
Navicula scutelloides W.Sm. ex.  Greg.  var.  scute11oides
Navicula seminulurn var.  hustedtii Patr.
Navicula seminulum Grun.  var.  seminulum
 Navicula  tripunctata var.  schizonemoides  (V.H.)  Patr.
 Navicula  tripunctata (O.F.  Mull.)  Bory var.  tripunctata
                                      22

-------
Navicula viridula var. avenacea (Bre*b. ex. Grim.) V.H.
Navicula viridula (Kutz.) Kutz. emend. V.H. var. viridula
Navicula zanoni Hust. var. zanoni
Neidium affine (Ehr.) Pfitz. var.  affine
Neidium binode (Ehr.) Hust. var. binode
Neidium bisculcatum (Lagerst.) C1.  var. bisculcatum
Neidium dubium (Ehr.) Cl. var. dubium
Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl. var. iridis
Nitzschia acicularis VI.Sm. var. acicularis
Nitzschia amphibia Grun. var. amphibia
Nitzschia angustata (W.Sm.) Grun.  var. angustata
Nitzschia apiculata (Greg.) Grun.  var. apiculata
Nitzschia bacata Hust. var. bacata
Nitzschia capitellata Hust. var. capitellata
Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch var. clausii
Nitzschia closterium  (Ehr.) W.Sm.  var. closterium
Nitzschia communis Rabh. var. communis
Nitzschia denticula Grun. var. denticula
Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun.  var. dissipata
Nitzschia elliptica Hust. var. elliptica
Nitzschia filiformis  (W.Sm.) Hust.  var. filiformis
Nitzschia fonticola Grun. var. fonticola
Nitzschia frustulum Kutz. var. frustulum
Nitzschia holsatica Hust. var. holsatica
Nitzschia hungarica Grun. var. hungarica
Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse var. kutzingiana
                                      23

-------
Nitzschia lacunarum Hust. var. lacunarum
Nitzschia linearis (W.Sm.) var. linearis
Nitzschia linean's var. tenuis (W.Sm.) Grim.
Nitzschia lorenziana Grun. var. lorenziana
Nitzschia microcephala Grun. var. microcephala
Nitzschia palea (Kutz.) W.Sm. var. palea
Nitzschia parvula Levis var. parvula
Nitzschia perminuta Grun. var. perminuta
Nitzschia perpusilla Rabh. var. perpusilla
Nitzschia sigma (Kutz.) W.Sm. var. sigma
Nitzschia sigmoidea (Ehr.) W.Sm. var. sigmoidea
Nitzschia sinuata (W.Sm.) Grun. var. sinuata
Nitzschia stagnorum Rabh. var. stagnorum
Nitzschia subliniaris Hust.var. sublim'aris
Nitzschia thermal is Kutz. var. thermal is
Nitzschia triblionella var. victoriae Grun.
Nitzschia vermicularis (Kutz.) Grun. var. vermicularis
Opephora martyi Herib. var. martyi
Pinnularia  borealis Ehr. var.  boreal is
Pinnularia  gi bba Ehr. var. gi bba
Pinnularia  virich's (Nitz.) Ehr. var. viridis
Rhizosolenia  eriensis H.L. Sm. var. eriensis
Rhizosolenia  longiseta Zach.  var.  longiseta
Rhizosolenia  minima Lavender  var.  minima
Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kutz.)  Grun. ex. Rabh.  var.  curvata
Rhopalodia  gibba (Ehr.)  0. Mull.  var. gibba
                                       24

-------
Stauroneis anceps Ehr.  var. anceps
Stauroneis anceps f. gracilis Rabh.
Stauroneis phoenicentron (Nitz.) Ehr. var. phoenicentron
Stauroneis smithii Grun. var. snvithii
Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) V.H. var. intermedia
Stephanodiscus alpinus Hust. var. alpinus
Stephanodiscus astrea var.  minutula (Katz.) Grun.
Stephanodiscus binderanus  (Kutz.) Round var. binderanus
Stephanodiscus dubius (Fricke) Hust. var. dubius
Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. var. hantzschii
Stephanodiscus invisitatus Hohn and Hellerman var. invisitatus
Surirella angustata Kutz. var. angustata
Surirel1 a elegans Ehr. var. elegans
Surirella oval is Bre"b. var. oval is
Surirella ovata Kutz. var.  ovata
Surirella striatula Turp.  var. striatula
Synedra actinastroides Lemm. var. actinastroides
Synedra acus Kutz. var. acus
Synedra delicatissima var.  angustissima Grun.
Synedra mazamaensis Sov. var. mazamaensis
Synedra nana Meist. var. nana
Synedra parasitica var. subconstrrcta (Grun.) Hust.
Synedra pulchella var. lanceolata f. constricta Hust.
Synedra pulchella var. minutula Hust.
Synedra pulchella var. naviculacea Grun.
Synedra pulchella Ralf. ex.  KUtz. var. pulchella
                                     25

-------
Synedra radians Kutz. var. radians
Synedra rumpens var. familiaris (Kcitz.) Grim.
Synedra rumpens var. fragilarioides Grim.
Synedra rumpens Kutz. var. rumpens
Synedra rumpens var. scotica Grun.
Synedra tabulata (Ag.) Kiitz. var. tabulata
Synedra tenera W.Sm. var. tenera
Synedra ulna var. impress a Must.
Synedra u_1 na var. oxyriiynchus Kutz.
Synedra. ulna var. spathulifera  (Grun.) V.H.
Synedra ulna (Nitz.) Ehr. var.  ulna
label 1 ari a fenestrata (Lyngb.)  Kutz.  var.  fenestrata
labellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kutz. var. flocculosa
Thalassiosira fluviatilis Must, var.  fluviatilis
Thalassiosira pseudonana  (Hust.)  Hasle and  Heimdal  var.  pseudonana
Tropidoneis lepidoptera  (Greg.) Cl. var.  lepidoptera
                                       26

-------
                                 APPENDIX B
               SELECTED REFERENCES FOR DIATOM ECOLOGY PROFILES

1.  Blum, J.L.  An ecological  study of the algae of the Saline River,
    Michigan.  Hydrobiol.   (The Hague).   9:  361-405, 1957.
2.  Bock, W.  Floristisch-o'kologische untersuchung der Algenvegetation
    periodischer Gewasser im sudlichen Teil des Maindreieckes.  [Floristic
    and ecological investigation of the algae of periodic waters in the
    southern part of the main  triangle].   Arch. f. Hydrobiol.   (Stuttgart).
    47. (1); 9-74, 1952.
3.  Budde, H.  Die Algenflora  westfal ischer Salinen und Salzgewasser.
    [The saline and saltwater  algal flora of Westphalia].  Arch. f.
    Hydrobiol.  (Stuttgart).   23(3):  462-490,1931.
4.  Cholnoky, B.J.  Die Okologie der Diatomeen in Binnengewasser.   [The
    ecology of diatoms in inland water].   J. Cramer, Lehre,  1968,  699  p.
5.  Christiansen, C.L. and C.W. Reimer.   Notes on the diatom Cylindrotheca
    gracilis (Br6b. ex. Ku'tz.) Grun:  its'  ecology and distribution.   Proc.
    la. Acad. Sci. 75.:  36-41, 1968.
6.  Cupp, E.E.  Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of North America.
    Univ. of Cal. Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1943, 233 p.
7.  Fjerdingstadt, E.   The microflora of the River M^lleaa.   Folia Limnol.
    Scan.  (Copenhagen).  5:   1-123, 1950.
8.  Foged, N.  Diatoms in water-courses in Funen.  Dansk Bot.  Ark.
    (Copenhagen).  12:  1-112, 1948.
                                     27

-------
 9.  Foged, N. Diatoms in the Salt Bog of Langemose in East Funen.  Dansk
     Bot. Ark.  (Copenhagen).  1_3:  1-33, 1949.
10.  Foged, N.  Diatoms from West Greenland.   Medd.  Om Gronl.   (Copenhagen).
     147:  1-86, 1953.
11.  Foged, N.  On the diatom flora of some  Funen lakes.   Folia Limnol.
     Scan.   (Copenhagen).   6;  1-75, 1954.
12.  Foged, N.  The diatoms in the basalt area and adjoining areas of
     archean rock in West Greenland.  Medd.   Om Gronl.  (Copenhagen).
     156:  1-146, 1958.
13.  Foged, N.  Freshwater diatoms from Spitsbergen.  Tromso Mus.  Skr.
     (Tromso/Oslo).  1J_:  1-159, 1964.
14.  Foged, N.  Diatomeerni i en postglacial  borepr0ve fra bunden  af
     Esrom S0 Danmark.   foiatoms from a postglacial  core from the  bottom
     of Esrom Stf, Denmark. 1  Meddr. Da. Geol. Foren.  (Copenhagen).
     18:  161-180, 1968.
15.  Foged, N.  The freshwater diatom flora of the Varanger Peninsula, North
     Norway.  Acta Borealia.  A. Scientia.   (Tromstf/Oslo)  25_:   1-64, 1968.
16.  Gemeinhardt, K.   Die Gattung Synedra in  systematischer,  zytologischer
     und okologischer Bezienhung.   [The systematics, cytology and  ecology
     of the genus Synedra. ]  Pflanzenforschung (Jena)  6_:  1-88, 1926.
17.  Hasle, G.R. and B.R. Heimdal.  Some species of the centric diatom
     genus Thalassiosira studied in the light and electron microscopes.
     Nova.  Hedw. Beinhefte (Lehre) 31_:  543-581, 1970.
18.  Hohn, M.H.  and Joan Hellerman.  The taxonomy and structure of diatom
     populations from three eastern North American rivers using three
     sampling methods.  Trans. Amer. Micro.  Soc. 82:  250-329,  1963.
                                      28

-------
19.   Hornung, H.   Floristisch-okologische untersuchungen an der Echaz
     unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Verunreinigung durch Abwasser.
                                             i
     [A flon'stic and ecological  investigation of the Echaz with special
     reference to sewage pollution.]   Arch.  f. Hydrobiol.   (Stuttgart)
     55;  52-126, 1959.
20.   Hustedt, F.   Bacillariophyta.   In A. Pascher's Die  Susswasser-Flora
     Mitteleuropas.   [The fresh-water flora of central  Europe.  ]  (Jena)
     10:  1-466,  1930.
21.   Hustedt, F.   Systematische and Okologische Untersuchungen  uber die
     Diatomeenflora  von Java, Bali  and Samatra.   Systematic and ecological
     investigation of the diatom flora of Java, Bali  and Sumatra.  1  Arch.
     f. Hydrobiol.,  Supplement-Band.   (Stuttgart)  ]_5:   131-177, 16.:   187-
     295 and 16.:   393-506, 1937-1938.
22.   Hustedt, F.   Die diatomeenflora des kustengebietes  der Nordsee von
     Dollart bis  zur El bemtmdung I.  [The diatom flora of the coastal
     area of the  North Sea from Dollart to the mouth  of the Elbe.  ]  Abh.
     Nat. ver. Bremen.   (Bremen)  3J_:  571-677, 1939.
23.   Hustedt, F.   Suswasser-Diatomeen des ihdomalayischen Archipels und
     der Hawaii-Inseln.    [Freshwater diatoms of Indomaylaysian  Archipelago
     and tiie Hawaiian Islands.  ]  Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol.   (Berlin).
     42:   1-252,  1942.
24.   Hustedt, F.   Susswasser-Diatomeen aus dem Albert-National  Park in
     Belgisch-Kongo.  [Freshwater diatoms from Albert National  Park,  in
     the Belgian  Congo.]  In institute des Pares Nationaux du Congo
     Belege.  Exploration du Pare Albert.  (Brussels)  8_:   1-199,  1949.
                                     29

-------
25.  Hustedt, F.   Marine littoral  diatoms  of Beaufort,  North  Carolina.
     Duke Univ.  Marine Sta.,  Bull.  #6.   Duke Univ.  Press,  Durham,  N.C.,
     67 p. 1955.
26.  Hustedt, F.   Die Diatomeenflora des Flusssystems der  Weser  im
     Gebiet der Hamsestadt Bremen.   [The diatom flora of the  Weser River
     Systems. ]  Abhandl. Naturwiss.  Ver. Bremen.    (Bremen)   34:   181-440,  1957.
27.  Jtfrgensen,  E.G.  Diatom communities in some Danish lakes and  ponds.
     D. Kg!.  Danske Vidensk.  Selskab, Biol.  Skrifter.   (Copenhagen)
     5_:  1-140,  1948.
28.  Jtfrgensen,  E.G.  Notes on the ecology of the diatom Navicula  accomoda
     Hustedt.  Svensk  Bot. Tidskr.   (Uppsala)  49:  189-191,1952.
29.  Kolbe, R.W.   Zur Qkologie, Morphologic, und Systematik der  Brackwasser-
     Diatomeen.   [The ecology, morphology, and systematics of the  brackish-
     water diatoms.]  Pflanzenforschung.   (Jena) 7_:  1-146,  1927.
30.  Kolkwitz, R.  Pflanzenphysiologie.   Plant physiology. Gustav Fischer
     (Jena)  1914.
31.  Kolkwitz, R. and M. Marsson.   dkologie der pflanzlichen  Saprobien.
     [Saprobien ecology of plants.]   Ber.  Deut. Bot.  Ges.   (Stuttgart)
     26:  505-519, 1908.
32.  Lowe, R.L.  and  R.E. Crang.  The ultrastructure and morphological
     variability of  the frustule of Stephanodiscus invisitatus Hohn and
     Hellerman.  J.  Phycol.  8;  256-259, 1972.
33.  Mclntire, C.D.  Some  effects of current  velocity on periphyton
     communities in  laboratory streams.  Hydrobiol.  (The Hague)  27:  559-570,
     1966.
                                      30

-------
34.  Manguin, C.D.  Les diatomees fossiles du bassin thertno-mineral
     D'Antsirabe.   The fossil diatoms of the thermo-mineral basin of the
     Antsirabe region.  Mem. Inst. Sci.  Madagascar.  (Paris)  4_:  1-57,
     1952.
35.  Merilainen, J.  The diatom flora and the hydrogen-ion concentration
     of the water.  Ann. Bot. Fenn.  (Helsinki)  4_:  51-58, 1967.
36.  Niessen, H.  Okologische Untersuchungen uber die Diatomeen Und
     Desmidiaceen des Murnauer Moores.   [Ecological investigation of the
     diatoms and desmids of Murnauer Moors. ]  Arch. f.   Hydrobiol. (Stuttgart)
     51_:   281-375, 1956.
37.  Patrick, R. and L.R. Freese.  Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from
     northern Alaska.  Proc. Acad. Nat.  Sci. Phil. 112:  129-293, 1961.
38.  Patrick, R. and C.W. Reimer.  The diatoms of the United States.
     Vol. I.  Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph No.
     13.   1966, 688 p.
39.  Petersen, J.B.  Some halobion spectra (diatoms).  D. Kgl. Dansk
     Vidensk.  Selsk., Biol. Medd.  (Copenhagen)  17.:  1-95, 1943.
40.  Proschkina-Lavrenko, A.I.  De Cvclotella caspia Grun.   [C.yclotella
     caspia Grun.1  Moskva. Bot. Mater.   (Moscow)  12:   69-75, 1959.
41.  Raabe, H.  Die Diatomeenflora der ostholsteinischen Fliessgewasser.
     [The diatom flora of the flowing water of eastern Holstein. 1  Arch.
     f.  Hydrobiol.  (Stuttgart)  44:  521-688, 1951.
42.  Reimann, B.E.F., J.M.C. Lewin and R.L.L. Guillard.  Cyclotella crypta,
     a new brackish-water diatom species.  Phycologia 3^:  75-84, 1963.
                                     31

-------
43.  Scheele, M.   Systemische-okologische untersuchungen iiber die Diatommenflora
     der Fulda.  [Systematic and ecological  investigation of the diatom flora
     of the Fulda. ]  Arch.  f.  Hydrobiol.   (Stuttgart)  46_:  305-423, 1952.
44.  Schmitz.  W. Zur Frage der Klassification der binnenlandischen
     Brackwasser.  [A question of the classification of inland brackish
     water.]  Arch.   Oceanogr. e Limnol.   (Rome)  Vh  (Suppl.)  179-226, 1959.
45.  Schroeder, J.   Die Algenflora der Mulde.    ["The algal flora of the Mulde. ]
     Pflanzenforschung.   (Jena)  21_:  1-88, 1939.
46.  Simonsen, R.  Untersuchungen zur Systematik und Okologie der Boden
     Diatomeen der westlichen Ostsee.  [investigation of the systematics
     and ecology of the benthic diatoms of the western Baltic Sea. 1  Int.
     Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. Beihefte, (Berlin)  35_:  267-285, 1962.
47.  Stoermer, E.F. and J.J. Yang.  Distribution and relative abundance
     of plankton diatoms in Lake Michigan.  Great Lakes Research Division,
     Pub. No.  16, Univ. Mich., Ann Arbor, Mich.  1970, 64.
48.  Weber, C.I.  A new freshwater centric diatom Microsiphona potamos
     Gen. et.  sp. Nov. J. Phycol. 6.:  149-153,  1970.
                                      32

-------
Taxon  Achnanthes affinis Grun.  var.  affinis
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



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Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha ranqe
beta ranqe
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta ranqe
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
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V


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous:
optimum over 7 (4).







Indifferent and
Euryhalobous







































Winter maximum









 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Requires high oxygen concentration (4).
                                   34

-------
Taxon
      Achnanthes brevipes Ag. var.  brevipes
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
     Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                         35

-------
Taxon  Achnanthes clevei  Grun.  var.  clevei
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



X


C
•H
-P
i



c
•H
•8
.1





0)
s>
n
&


4J
C
H
M
tf

(H
4J
•H
a

H
fl




JJ
5
•B
1
u
M-l
0
8,

I2 P
801
n) Q
w

n
SJ
JJ
(U
h
0)
a
tt


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha ranqe
beta ranqe
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estxiary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO



Y
A












X











X













X


















a*



i












X












































°



X












X












































l-~



1












>











X
































«-




1











X












































1





1






















X





Y


























CM



Y

Y

)


























(







(


















CM
C\J














Y














































10
C\J



X
Y











X








Y



































r^.
C\J



Y

Y




























Y







V


















CO
CO



1






























Y

Y
























c
















x












































5-


































y







r


















10
«-
















X

Y
































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kali phi lous:
range 6.6-9.0 (8,27)



Eutrophic













Saproxenous







Limnophilous




Lakes







Periphytic



















 Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
                                     36

-------
Taxon   Achnanthes  coarctata  (Breb.)  Grun.  var.  coarctata
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



03
0,

"V
c
 10 00
c\j m


.X_X_













x








^_





x






X X





























































X










































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 6.7-7.8 (8),
optimum less than 6 (4)






Indifferent









Saproxenous







Rheobiontic to
Limnophilous



Aerophilous;
often found on soil ,
rocks and mosses (38).

























  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Probably Cosmopolitan  (24).
                                      37

-------
Taxon   Achnanthes exigua Grun. var.  exigua
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes




a

c
-H
il
£



c
•H
O
a





-------
Taxon  Achnanthes exigua var.  heterovalva Krasske
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



a:
ft

4>
c
o
•H
k
4J
1



c
o
•rH
*
rH
cd
w




OJ
*
S.
i?



c
1-1
3

+)
V
S,
&
i-t
K
c
o

4J
!°.
•H
(0

•H
•H
0)
a
to
£ 0
o w
•a o
CO

H
B
u
&
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkalinhilous
Alkalibiontic
Eucrophic
Mesotrcphic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Sapr ophob ic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Dndesignated
"I1"



X

























































- ^j I—



X X






























.Xj


J£_




1


















-j- oo
^O CO


































jj_

x
Y




X
















X

o
3-





































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kali phi lous;
range 7.0-8.3 (21).
























Indifferent





Lakes, Rivers and
Streams






Periphytic













Eurythermal





  Geographical distribution and  additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21,  24,  34); euryphotic,  occurs  frequently  in  aquarium tanks  (38).
                                     39
-------
TaxonAchnanthes flexella (Kutz.) Brun var. flexella
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S Notes



S


c
•H
iJ
i



C
-H
•S
•?





0)
45
ft
fO


-P
C
0)
M
i^
ri

4J
re
4J
-H
.Q
10
K
r-t
<0
k
-------
Tax
   :on Achnanthes hungarica (Grum.) Grun. var. hungarica
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes
                                                               Al kali phi lous;
                                                               range 6.4-8.3 (21, 27),
                                                               optimum about 8.5 (4).
                                                                Limnopnilous to
                                                                Indifferent
     Geographical distribution  and additional comments:
     Cosmopolitan (21,  24);  often associated with  aquatic  plants, especially
     Lemna (26);  can thrive  only at  oxygen  saturation  (4).
                                         41
-------
Taxon Achnanthes lanceolata (Breb.)  Grun.  var.  lanceolata
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



a


c
•H
4J
^



c
.3
•a
m




c
OJ
,Q
&
(d


4->
c
0)
^
M
g

4->
(tJ
•U
•H
A
rtJ
ffi
•H
r«
^

O

*J
4J
J5
nj
EC
0
(M
u
a

id •
Sto
IS u
tn
01
*
-P
d)
^
0)
?
fl


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Sagrqphobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
TychoplanJctonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^



y

























































00



x












Y














Y





























01



X












Y
















































X



























Y





























C\J


Y


























































on
















Y












































<*•



Y












Y












































a*



X


























Y






Y




X








Y













Y












Y




















Y























10



Y












Y






x






Y






























r^



Y

























































^~
















Y

























X


















in



X

























































CO


Y
X


























Y






Y























01
















Y









.,,.


































CO



Y












Y




















Y























ID
















X

X























X





Y
Y

Y

Y







10
















Y

X








































































































































































Alkali phi! ous;
range 4-9 (21 , 27, 43),
optimum 7.2-7.5 (4).







Indifferent









01 igpsaprotnc



















Pe ri phyti c









Spri ng and Fal 1
maxinia








Geographical distribution and additional comments:

 Cosmopolitan  (24,  34);  requires  high oxygen concentrations  (4); calciphilous  (36);
 one of first  taxa  to  colonize  new  stream  (33).
                                    42
-------
Taxon
      Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
                                                              Alkali phi lous to
                                                              Indifferent;
                                                              range 7.0-9.0 (27)
    Geographical distribution and additional comments:
    Observed especially in rather well  aerated flowing waters and does not seem
    to appear in large numbers under conditions of heavy organic enrichment (38).
                                        43
-------
Taxon  Achnanthes  linearis  (W.Sm.) Grun.  var.  linearis
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



w


c
•H
•M
i



c
•H
•s
10





0)
.Q

*




CD
H
3
y

4-1
4-1
•H
,Q
fO
ffi
f-H
fC
•H

C\J


X














Y







Y




































^,
CVJ



X


























































LO
oo


X



























































CO
ro


X














Y












































CT>
oo
















Y







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Alkali phi Toys; range
6.0-8.0 (27) , optimum
6.5-6.8 (4), or 7.5 (27)





Indifferent
















,




























Oligothermal and
Stenothermal




 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Especially abundant in mountainous regions (20); thrives in high oxygen
 concentrations  (4).
                                     44
-------
   Achnanthes mirrnr.ephala (Kutz.)  Grun.  var.  microcephala
                            References
                                                          Concensus s Notes

S
tutrientj
Halobion
nt Saprobien
eneral Habitat Curre
pecific Habitat G
easonal
r^.,4- -

Acidobiontic
teidophilous ,
Indifferent X X ). X
Alkaliphilous j^_
Eutrophic 	 . i 	
Mesotrophic i
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic 	 , 	 ] 	
Euhalobous
lesohalobous
alpha range
beta range 	
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X X X X
halophobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic 	 	
Limnobiontic
Indifferent X X
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic 	 	 	 	
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous 	 I
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphvtic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric


attached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal

	 Indifferent to
	 Mkaliphilous;
-range 6.5-8.5 (21, 38),
	 \- 	 -p- optimum 6.4-6.6 (4).
. __| 	 p

	 1 — i 	 1
.ndifferent to
.imnophilous






1







Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
Cosmopolitan (21); the best indicator of permanent oxygen concentration in

weakly acid waters (4).
                                    45
-------
Taxon  Achnanthes minutissima Kutz. var. mi'nutissima
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes

33
o.
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
I
1 Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
I Temperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
, Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric 	 ,
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
NJ



X

























































CO




















X








































^1-



X

























































^





















X
X






































00


x













X












X































01


X













X












































o


X





	


X













x



















































Y












X































CVJ


X


























































PO


X


























































a\























X






X






























csi


V











X












































V

10
CJ


Y













X






X





































1 —
CvJ


Y


























































-------
Taxon  Achnanthes nollii Bock var. nollii
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes
                                                               Alkaliphilous?.
                                                               single  record  from
                                                               a relatively hard
                                                               water alkaline stream
     Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                         47
-------
Taxon  Amphjpleura pellucida Kutz. var. pellucida
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes

E
ft
putrien'
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
1 Specific Habitat
Seasona
1 Dist.
Temperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
_Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
.Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythernal
Undesignated
sf



X

























































00



X












Y










X

































01



X












x












































^



X












Y










X

































cs.





x




































X


















*£>
C\J



X













x





X





































r^
CM



X

























































O
ro






















Y
Y





































•sj-
ro
















Y

























X


















00
rr>





























































J7
^j-









































x
X





X
X
X










to
^~
















Y
Y
Y

























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-

































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.2-8.0 (8, 27),
optimum about 7.3 (4).

Eutrophic
Indifferent

Oligosaprobic to
Beta-Mesosaprobic




Periphytic

Winter maximum


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (34); usually found  in fairly  hard water  (38).
                                    48
-------
     Amphiprora alata Kutz. var.
                                 alata
                              Deferences
                                                            Concensus & Notes
Indifferent
Alkalinhilous
                                                                Marine and Salty
                                                                 akes and Ditches
    Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                         49
-------
Taxon Amphiprora ornata Baily var. ornata
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes

i
a
Nu trier*
Ha lob ion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
J
1 Specific Habitat
Seasona
1 Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
_Alka] jbiontic
Eu trophic
P'esotrophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha ranqe
beta ranqe
Oliqohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta ranqe
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Sprinq and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
^Winter
spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
ungothermal
Stenotherraal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
o
CM


































X
y
X


V


X


















CM

y
y





















Y



































u=>
CM

















y

















































































































































































































































































p







































































































































































































































































































































































































1 — i
H









_













































1 —










I



















	 1






























,
—































































































































































































































































—










— i

-
































Indifferent to
Acidophilous




Halophobous
Saproxenous

Lakes, Ponds, Rivers


Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
-------
Taxon
       Amphiprora paludosa W.Sm.  var.  paludosa
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S Notes

I

33
ft

JJ
C'
01
•H
H




c
o
•H
•s
rH
ftj
X




01
a
V,
H1



C
M
3

41
-P
A
K
rH
H
C
O

^j
flj
^>
•H
o
•9

•H
t)_t
-H
(j
0)
ft
Ul
^ XJ
o
ID O
CO

M
4->
U
td)




Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliohilous
fllkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohal obous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Liranophilous
Indifferent
Rhsophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eury thermal
Undesignated
CO





























































^J- CT> O





























































•Ic^ >£>
OJ CO ^±








1



































































































































































































































1


[





























































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent








Mesohal obous









Oliqosaprobic












Rivers; near the
mouths of coastal
rivers.

























  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                      51
-------
Taxon	Amphora coffeaeformis Ag. var.  coffeaeformis
                                References
                                                              Concensus £  Notes




a

c
•H
4J
i



c
•H
•§
a





0)
A

at


4->
C
0)
n
IH
3
u

nj
4J
•H
,Q
fd
E
H
fO
VH
Q)



-P
4->
J3
ffi
O
U-l
O
&


O (A
SO
CO
0)
n
3
.p
(0
u
O
a
EH


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ollgohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
we so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
turythermal
Undesignated
CO













X





































































































































































































































































































































































?N~

x
x
























































































































01
CSJ





























































10!
ro











.,

















































^









Y








Y

























































































































































j


—





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 4.5-8.2 (8, 21),
optimum over 8 (4) .
















Alpha-Mesosaprobi c








































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Mesooxybiontic  (26).
                                     52
-------
Taxon  Amphora inflate Kutz. var. inflata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s  Notes



K


c:
•H
i
^



c
•iH
•o1
rd





01
J3
S
nj



d
lM
fl

4-1
«
iJ
•H
ja
re
ffi
H
<«
^
QJ
C
(U
u

JJ
nj
+j
xi
ffi
0
IH
O
«,

? ,;
O 10
rd O
CO
(U
M
3
iJ
nj
M
QJ
f*
r^i


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphiious
Al.'calibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Eunalooous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
.'ndifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenotherraal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^i-



X

























































10
CVJ



X












X








X




X







Y






















CO
CO



X












X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1













































































































































































































































































































































































































































A1 kal iphiious ;
optimum 7 5-8 5 (4)







Indifferent









Saproxenous







Rheophilous




Aerophilous



























Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (24); thrives  at high oxygen concentrations (4).
                                    53
-------
Taxon Amphora oval is Kutz.  var.  oval is
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
r-j "I ;r 2 s


K
0,

— n —
c
 o i— vo
c^j <\j ro co en co *d-

Alkaliphilous;
~~j~ range 6.2-9.0 (Z, B,
X XX 21 , 27),
optimum 7-8.5 (36) .





Indifferent



JL


I Jt —

	 Oligosaprobic


!L X_




Indifferent to
Limnophilous



Standing water






.
Periphytic
JC









"T"







	 u_i_LLL I 	
   Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
   Cosmopolitan  (21,  24}; calciphilous (36).
                                       54
-------
Taxon   Amphora oval is var. lybica (Ehr.) Cl.
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



K


(J
•H
-P
£



c
•H
O
v




c
01
a
it
a


-P
c
a
M
v>
6

4-1
ra
4-1
•H
ft
a
a
r-l
*
)•<
(U
C
Cl
O

4J
S
43
tc
U
»w
U
a

? ,;
O w
il u
0)
0)
n
4J
m
^
o>
n1
^


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliohilous
AlkaJ ibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Hstuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated
c:


X
1












Y












































i — C\J



X X

























































v> ^-01
— r— C\



)











J^
_^ _x_

J^










































^~
fO



X












Y

























Y


















r> LD
^o <*•



X
Y
















































X







































































A1 kal iphilous








Indifferent































Periphytic









	 Fall;
weak fall maximum







Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                    55
-------
Taxon   Amphora ovalis var.  pediculus Kutz.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes
r-*  — us r~- c* 01
i — i — >J CM OJ CM CO



X ,X X X








1

X X

1. X_ JL






X





_x_







_x




x


















TO 10
* ^f
















X

J



















X

































- . 1
1
4



























































=


















































Alkaliphilous;
range 4.5-9.0 (8, 21,
27).

Indifferent

Mesosaprobic to
01 igosaprobic

Indifferent

Spring, Stream
and Aerophilous

Periphytic,
Epiphytic

















  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (24); large growth in highly aerated situations (21).
                                      56
-------
Taxon  Amphora submontane Hust.  var.  submontana
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes

X
ft
Njtrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
J
| Specific Habitat
Seasona
I Dist.
Temperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dyrtrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophil ic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
«3-



X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































AT kal Iphilous ;
optimum around
7 5 (4)












Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                   57
-------
Taxon   Amphora veneta  (Kutz.)  Must,  var.  veneta
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



X
ft

J-i
C
01
-H
h
4J
3
Z



C
O
•H
*
id
B




<1)
J3
S.
(0



c:
n
3

«
+j
xi
£
H
S
C
O

4J
(d
•H
(0

-H
•H
o
-------
Taxon
          Anomoeoneis  foil is  (Ehr.)  Cl.  var.  follis
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



%


c
•H
5
i



c
•H
•o1

K




OJ
&
±4
is



C

U

4J
jl
XI
<0
a
u
IM
U
£•

S-
4J
8(0
ffl G
W
QJ
M
3
-P
nj
M
0)
P
Q)
EH


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophil ic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
c
c\





























































OJ

X















X











































in
ro


X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1










































































































— 1
















































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous to
Indifferent







Halophobous


















































Geographical distribution and additional comments;
Northern alpine form (20); lives in water with humic acid (21;
                                    59
-------
xaxon  Anomoeoneis  sphaerophora  (Ehr.)  Pfitz.  var.  sphaerophora
                                References
                                                              Concensus  £ Notes
<* CO

X
ft
ii
c
-------
Taxon  Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var.  sculpta (Ehr.) 0.  Mull.
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes



S


c
•H
ti
3



C
-H
^
tfl





CD
,Q
S
rd



C
M
r^

4-1
(d
•P
•H
XI

•a-













X

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkalibiontic









Mesohalobous to
Halophilous




















Lakes, Ponds, Rivers
and Pool s






Periphytic



















Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     61
-------
Taxon
       Anomoeonei s vitrea (Grun.) Ross var. vitrea
                                References
                                                              Concensus



K
ft

+J
C
•H
JJ
#



c
.a
s
ti





OJ
J3
b
rd



C
^
3

4J
•P
£1
S
•H
2
C
O


flj
•H
A
$

•H
•H
o
S,
W

c *>
O K
ID O
W

if
.p
V4
a


•d- Ol O i — CM
Aciciobiontic x
Acidophilous j;
Indifferent XXX
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X X
halophobous X
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Hesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent X
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^> O i — UD 1^ LT)


X
JL_j
X. X_ X_
X

x

















X
















X X


















0





























































X)



X

























































T>
















x




















































































































































































— t


















































































































Al kalibiontic;
range 6.2-9.2 (21 , 27)
optimum 6.7 (4).















Saproxenous







Indifferent












Periphytic



















  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Probably Cosmopolitan (20); calcium indifferent (36).
                                      62
-------
Taxon
        Asterionella formosa  Mass.  var.  formosa
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes



z
ft

4J
C
0)
•H
U
-P
3
Z



C
o
-H
XI
O
S



































































^1-





























































o
OJ





Y


































x




















UD
C\J














x








X




X
































p^
CM



X

























































o
ro






















X
X
















x




















•o























X





































CO
ro





x
x

































x




















O"*
ro
















X












































-------
Taxon Asterionella formosa var. gracillima  (Hantz.) Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes



£
A

c
ft
i)
j.



g
•rt
^
£





n
.0
S
&



c
?!
r^

4J
(Q
JJ
•H
,0
(8
ffi
rH
S
(U
C


4-)
S
-M
A
ID
S
0
•H
»M
CJ
Q,
to
S J
8 -S
S Q
CO

^
5
tJ
$
£


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
m
















X












































^
%j








































X




















71
•M














t
i














































XI
•*i
























































X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































\




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent












































Oligothermal





  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      64
-------
Taxon
        Attheya zachariasi Brun var. zachariasi
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes

K
a.
IS
c
01
•H
^1
4.1
3



C
0
•H
*
t~4
a
D3
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythertnal
Undesignated
o
C\J





X




























X
x
X



X












X







UD
CM



Y



















x































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-
































Alkal iphilous

Eutrophic
Oligohalobous
Oligosaprobic

LakGs Ponds and
Ri vers

Euplanktonic

Fall maximum









  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      65
-------
Taxon   Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin var. paradoxa
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes

S
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkalipjiilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream _,
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
00











X






X










































n-


X








X

















































o
CVJ


















X










































r\j











X






X










































10
CM


X








X






X










































CTV
CM











X






X










































o
ro


















X




Y





































CO























Y,





































«a-
ro











X






X























X


















S-











X












































Y




UD
*3-











X






X




































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—



















































Indifferent


Mesohalobous
and Euryhalobous
Oligosaprobic


Periphytic

Oligothermal
 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Euryoxbiontic (36).
                                     66
-------
Taxon
       Biddulphia laevis Ehr. var. laevis
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes



X
ft

4-"
£
O
•rt
H
4J




c
o
•H
«
r-1
0)
X




0
A
a
r,1



C
H
3

4J
-P
X5
X
iH
M
C
O

4J
rd
4J
•H
n
•9

•H
>l i
•H
o
0)
CM
en
S ^
O w
s D
w

V4
5
V4
ft
LI


Aciclobiontic
Ac idoph i lous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiont-' c
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
m
^~




































































































































1


















































































































































































1















j



































I





























































































































































































































































































































































































AT kali phi lous to
Alkalibiontic;
optimum over 8.5 (4)






Mesohalobous to
Oliqohalobous
















































— .
  Geographical distribution and  additional comments:
                                      67
-------
Taxon
        Caloneis  alpestris  (Grun.)  Cl.  var.  alpestris
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes



£


c;
•H
.p
&



c
•H
•8
tC





Q)
rQ
8
rd



C
}-i
fl

•P
m
4J
•H
A
w
t-t
10
ft
C
e>

•P
«J
.p

S
u
U-t
0
a
en
ia •
S "
s Q
(fl

n
4-1
V4
£X



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO



X











X













X































^2



X












X












































C\J



X

























































CO



X

























































o
<\1






























)(






























*3-
co










































X


















IT)
CO



X


























































00



X
X
























































XI
m






X


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkal iphilous
range 6.4-8.5 (8, 36)



Mesotrophic



Halophilous to
Indifferent

















































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Likes calcium and cool  climates (38).
                                     68
-------
Taxon
        Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory)  Cl.  var.  amphisbaena
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes

%
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
I Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO















X













































si-











X

















































CXI



X











X













X































o%



X











X













































o
C\J















X













































UD
OJ



X












X






X





































NJ



X

























































?o






















X






































CO
m


















X










































CT>
ro











X

















































tn
^















X


























X


















£>
=d-
















X




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27)

Halophilous
Beta-Mesosaprobic
to 01 igosaprobic



Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 In Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America (24).
                                     b9
-------
Taxon-  Caloneis baciHan's var. thermal is (Grun.) A.C1.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes

s,
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
J
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring^
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Found in water of high mineral  content (38).
                                     70
-------
Taxon  Caloneis bacillum (Grun.) Cl. var. bacillum
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



K


C

i
i



c
•H
o

B




0
J3
i-J
ft
f3


-P
c
0)
!M
J.i
3
tj

4J
«J
4-1
•H
X!
tti
a:
•H
(C
^
0)
c
0)
o

-P
3
•H
•9
S
u
•M
o
n,

n) •
O in
2Q
to
0)
n
3
+J
ra
u
0)
0,
EH


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophil ic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
En thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated
«*



X

























































oc



X












X













X






X























01



y












X












































o



y












X












































d~


X
X

























































loo «a- CTI — JD r^ ^i-
i — i — i — XJ XJ CJ CO


X
X X X X X X










X X

x x








X




x






" X X"




h x


















in CO crt 10
PO ro co «^-

Al kali phi lous;
range 4.3-9.0 (8. 21, 21)
X 1. ' optimum 7.5-8 (4, 21)






Indifferent




_£
|_JL1.

X


l__ Saproxenous






Rheophilous





., Springs and Streams
"crenophilous"
_x_


X


Periphytic


















Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 24); in soft or hard water (38).
                                    71
-------
Taxon
       Caloneis schumanniana var.  bioconstricta  Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  £  Notes
oo |co
i — i — i — cvi c\j ro


K
a.

— P —
c
0)
V*
H
4J
•3



C
0
•H
*
rd
X




0)
xi
&
rd
in
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
-?H
§*
0 W
8°
to
Temperature
Acidobiontic
ftcidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X XX
Alkalibiontic X
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous X
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous X
halophilous
indifferent XX X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophil ic
Saproxenous X
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic X X
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake X
Pond X
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic X
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated


AT kali phi lous;
range 6.7-8.0 (8).









but also found in
brackish water (38)














- 	 	 Limnobiontic




Lakes and Ponds







	 L Periphytic



















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
   Seems to prefer water with a fair amount of calcium (38).
                                      72
-------
     Caloneis  schumanniana  (Grun.) Cl. var. schumanniana
                             References
                                                           Concensus s Notes




ft

— p —
c
0)
•H
M
4J
3



C
0
•1-1
.Q
o
a
ffi




c
CD
•H
J3
a
«



c
n
p.

4->
4J
•3
X
l-<
u
c
o


3
-H
Cd

•H
•H
ft
m
9 ±j
o w
SI °
CO

)-l
s
n
QJ
§

03 __ ^g^l
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent X
Alkaliphilous j ) XXX
Alkalibiontic X X
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic 	 ,
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous 	 J(
halophilous
indifferent X X X X X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic X X
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake ^_
Pond i_
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic X
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
UD Ch ^- ID CO VO (
c\j c\j m ro co ^i-




X X









JL.X,

, X








I
















X




















Alkaliphilous to
Alkalibiontic;
range 7.2 to over 8 (4, 8),






Indifferent










Saproxenous











Lakes and Ponds







Periphytic



















Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
Cosmopolitan (21); seems to prefer water with a fair amount of calcium (38).
                                    73
-------
Taxon
         Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula  (Grun.) Meist.
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes




Q.

c
•H
4-1
i



c
-H
$
rd





QJ
-Q

a.


jj
c
H
3
u

•u
(0
4-1
•H
43
(0
K
H
m
ii
q

m
















X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kaliphilous;
range 6.0-9.0 (27).







Indifferent









Oligosaprobic







Indifferent













Periphytic


















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21).
                                    74
-------
xaxon  Capartogramma crucicula (Grun. ex Cl.) Ross var. crucicula

                                                              Concensus S Notes
                                References
  Rlkalibiontic
                                                              Mesohalobous?
  Euhalobous
  Mesohalobous
    alpha range
  Oliqohalobous
    alpha range
    beta rang
   Oligosaprobic
   Saprophilic
   Saproxenous
   Saprophobic
   Limnophilous
   Indifferent
   Rheophilous
   Rheobiontic
    Spring and Stream
         hi!
    Tychoplanktonic
     Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                          75
-------
Taxon   Cocconeis  diminuta  Pant.  var.  diminuta
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes



SB


C
•H
4J




C
.a
o
rt





0)
XI
n,
£'


4J
c
0)
^
fl

+J
nJ
4J
•r4
XI
10
E
H
rtj
U
0)
C
O

4J
a
•u
•H
43
$
u
•H
4H
O
a
w
g.
jj
O W
31 °
CO

M
V
M
a



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Allcal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipel ic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
	 epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eury thermal
Undesignated
«sf



X

























































CO




X











X












X































01




X











X

















































X











X












X































•a-




X












X











































o


































X
X
X
























p.)





x








Y



























X


















10
f\l




X












X







X



































~^
C\J




X
























































LO
<*r




X






X






























V





X
y
X

























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































...






























































































































Alkalibiontic;
range 6.4-8.3 (8, 27),
optimum around 8 (4).


Eu trophic



Indifferent to
Halophobous
















Indi f ferent




Lakes Ponds and
Rivers






Periphytie, Attached
or Unattached








Winter maximum









 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Probably Cosmopolitan (21).
                                     76
-------
Taxon  Cocconeis pediculus  Ehr.  var.  pediculus
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S, Notes
                                                               Alkaliphilous;
                                                               range  4.7-9.0  (27),
                                                               optimum 7-9 (27),
                                                                .5  (4).  .	
                                                               Indifferent;
                                                               but apparently tolerates
                                                               some salt.
                                                                Saproxenous  to
                                                                Beta-Mesosaprobic
     Geographical distribution  and  additional comments:
     Cosmopolitan (24, 26); calcium indifferent (36).
                                         77
-------
Taxon   Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehr.) C1,
                                References
                                                              Concensus £ Notes



B


C
•r\
-M
§>



C
-H
O
t3





(I)
XJ
s
r,;



C
^


J.J
nj

A
r^
i-t
fO
t-i

K)
+J
•«H
.Q
nj
K
U
•H
4-1
(J
A

"3 •
o n
«J O
t/3

M
4J
V)
Q.



Acidobiontic
Aoidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Al.'cal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
D^'Strophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalofcous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnonhilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
rE*:u5ry
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenotherraal
Metathermal
Eurythernal
Undesignated
00



y












X












X































a*



X












X












































C\J



X

























































oo


X
X

























































«*



X












X












































o^



X


























x











Y










X







0
exj










































X











Y






C\J
















X












X












X


















10
CSJ



X












X






X





































\j



X

























































>d-
co
















X

























X


















CO
ro



X












X






























X













o-i
m
















X












































^o
«*




X










































x



Y

Y





























































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous ;
range 6.2-9.0 (8, 27)







Indifferent










Oljgpsaprobic






.
Indifferent to
Rheophilous




















Fdl 1 maximufri



Euthermal





 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24).
                                     78
-------
    Cocconeis placentula var.  lineata  (Ehr.)  V.H.
                           References
                                                         Concensus S Notes
                                                          A1 kali phi lous;
                                                          range 4.7-9.0 (27), most
                                                          frequent 7-9 (27).
                                                            Indifferent to
                                                            Rheophilous
Geographical distribution and additional comments:

Cosmopolitan (21).
                                    79
-------
Taxon  Cocconeis placentula Ehr. var. placentula
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



g


C
•H
JJ
&



C
•H
3
u





-------
Taxon  Cocconeis scutellum Ehr.  var.  scutellum
                                References
                                                              Concensus X Notes
F ~


a

— u —
c
01
n
3



C
0
•H
fl
M
a
E



c
OJ
•H
ft
O
V4
ft
r3
en
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent ,
Alkaliphilous _£
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous X_ X_ X_ 1_
Mesohalobous y j{_
alpha range
beta range
01 igoha lobou s
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophil ic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Liranophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
i Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic X
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
01 1
<"> 1






_^ 1

1













_-L__- j








































Alkaliphilous








	
• i — 	

	 1



















	 Marine







	 	 Periphytic


















-
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21).
                                      81
-------
Taxon Cocconeis thumensis A.Mayer var. thumensis
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes



3J


c
•H
•M
i



c
• rJ
of
7j





OJ
.Q
S
rj


4J
C
n
3

4J
fC
4J
•rl
,3
rd
K
H
tf
M
Q)
C
0)
0

4-3
nl
4->
•H
A
to
EG
0
-H
•M
U
0)
a

c J
o w
d p
U3

^
5
M
a
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
	 alpha range
beta ranqe
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenotherraal
Metatheimal
EurytLermal
Undesignated
^~



X

























































o




























X




































X












f












































*3-




X












X











































-------
Taxon
       Coscinodiscus lacustris Grun. var.  lacustris
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
                                                                Indifferent  to
                                                                Alkali Phil OPS
                                                                Euryhalobous
                                                                Rgta-Mesojialobous to
                                                                Halophilous
  Oligohalobous
  Oligosaprobic
   Rheophilou
   Rheobiontic
                                                                  Periphytic  to
                                                                  Tvchoplanktonic
Tvchoplanktoni
    Geographical distribution and additional comments:

    Cosmopolitan (21, 23); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                        83
-------
  Taxon  Coscinodi sens rothii  var.  subsalsa
         (juhl.-DannT.)  Hust.
                                  References
                                                                Concensus £ Notes
                                                                Halophilojs and
                                                                Euryhalobous
  Polysaprobic
  Mesosaprobic
Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (23, 24).
                                    84
-------
  Taxon
         Cyclotella  aliquantula Hohn and Hellerman var. aliquantula
                                   References
                                                                 Concensus  S  Notes
     :idophilc
    Indiffe
   Alkaliphilc
   Alkalibiont:
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    31:
            ph
    Polyhalobous
     uhalotK
       ohalc
      alphi
      bet;
    Oligohalob
      halophilous
      indiffe
       alophobi

    Polysaprobic
c
01
•r!
XI
I
tn
            ob:
  alpha range
  beta range
Dl
         ob:
Saprophilic
     Lit
          philc
      ndiffe
         philc
     Lake
         philc
                                                                    Rivers
      Euplank'
      Tychoplanktonic
      Periphytic
            alic
          ilithic
        epidendrie
        attached
              ched
      Winter
      Spring
      Summer
      Euthermal
      Mesothermal
      Oligotherma1
      Stenothermal
      Metathermal
      Eurythermal
      Unde
               uted
       Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                           85
-------
  Taxon  Cyclotella  atomus  Hust.  var.  atomus
                                  References
                                                                Concensus s Notes
Oligothermal
Stenotherma]
Metathermal
Eurythermal_
Undesignated
Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Mesooxybiontic (26).
                                    86
-------
     Cyclotella bodanica Eulenst. var. bodanica
                             References
                                                           Concensus & Notes
1^"


EC
&

	 p—
c
-------
Taxon  Cyclotella caspia  Grun.  var.  caspia
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes

S
pjutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
i
1 Specific Habitat
Seasonaj
1 Dist.
I Temperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
ftlkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igoha lobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Heso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CM
C\J











X






X
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—





















































Mesohalobous and
Euryhalobous






 Geographical distribution  and  additional comments:
                                    88
-------
     Cyclotella  comta  (Ehr.)  Kotz.  var.  comta
                              References
                                                            Concensus  S  Notes



a:
ft

— u
c
to
•H
n




c
o
•H
*
rH
nl
3:




-------
Taxon  Cyclotella crypta Reimann,  Lewin and Guillard var.  crypta
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes




a

c
•H
£
z



c
•H
•8
«J





(U
.Q
S
S


-p
a>
W
M
'A

ti
4J
•H
.Q
ft!
S
H
a!
in
c
(11
o

JJ
4J
a
s>.
U
IM
0
&

S.
jj
o n
IS w
VI
0)
if
^
to
U
V

£H


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
nalophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Kesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
FMarine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
OJ
^f











X























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Mesohalobous

















































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    90
-------
Taxon  Cyclotella glomerata Bachmann var. glomerata
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



B!
0,

— p —
c
o)
•H
H
3



C
o
•rl
«
H
10
X





4J
ft
X
f-H
H
C
0

4J
n
-H
ffi
u
•H
«M
-H
y
0)
fl.
CO
S,
§"
S Q
^

h
JJ
n
to)




Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnoohilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
3 *
NJ "O








































X.X.


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous;
optimum less than 7







































Euplanktonic


















                                                                                  (4).
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      91
-------
Taxon  Cyclotella  kUtzingiana Thwaites var. kutzingiana
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes



%


c
•H
a
i



c
•H
0
a





0)
f>

3


+j
c
(U
n
g

4J
10
4->
•H
ft
n)
X
i-H
18
M
0)
c


.p
a
•3
x
u
*n
o
,9-

Is n
lii "i
su
en
(U
n
3
+J
(d
s
H1
§
H


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
*



>

























































iO






















X
V
V
X
X


































CO


)













y












X































0


)













Y












































^



>












Y












Y































CSJ


>













Y












































CO


X


























































*


>













Y












































^





























Y































c\














\










Y



































1 —























Y





































f.


X


























































S
















Y


































































































































































































































































































































































1































































































































range 6.4-8.0 (8) ,






Indi fferent










Beta-Mesosaprobic






Indifferent
































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    92
-------
Taxon
       Cyclotella  meneghiniana  Kutz.  var. meneghiniana
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



K
ft

-4J
C
O
•H
fl
§



C
^
*
rH
m





HI
XI
&
n3



C
M
g

















Y

























































Y




























x










































X
y






































x>















r













X















































t













































in















y













X































o
CM















x













X











)
X


















«a-
CM




















Y








































\j





























































M








































)




















CD
CM





























































O
ro





















x







































•o























(





































S























X

















J
X


















10
ro














y














































CT»
ro



















































































































t







CO
*fr















\













X































LO





















X







































LO














f



;
A
X










































Al kali phi lous;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27, 43),
optimum 8-8.5 (4).






Hal ophi lous










Al pha-Mesosaprobi c



















Peri phyti c
Tychopl anktonic
anH Fun! anktnni c







Fal 1 maximum









  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21,  24);  euryoxybiontic  (26);  a facultative nitrogen  heterotroph (4);
  calcium indifferent (36).
                                      93
-------
Taxon "Cyclotella  michiganiana  Skv.  var. michiganiana
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes




Q,

C
•H
4J
i



c
•rl
•§
m




c

XI

B
W


^
C
4)
H


4-1
ra
4J
D.
a

H
us

0)
o

4J
s
2
X
u


Oi

S 4J
O 10

to
0)

n
flj

s


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
e£iphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO







X
































X





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































01 igotrophic



































Euplanktonic


















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     94
-------
      Cyclotella ocellata Pant,  var.  ocellata
                              References
                                                            Concensus S Notes


s

il
c
0)
•H
fl
g



C
0
•H
*
H
id
X

Saprobien
•p
c
a)
n
n
3
u
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•





























































XI


X
























X

































NJ





























































53-
















l





























f














O
•\J










































X






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kal i phi lous »
range 6.7-8.8 (4, 8),
optimum 8.4-8.8 (4).

Indi f ferent


Limnobiontic


Periphytic









Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Europe, Asia and Africa (24).
-------
Taxon Cyclotella pseudostelligera Must, var. pseudostelligera
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S Notes

X
a

Nutrient


Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontlc
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrojohic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
-



X












X











X
































m


X


























































si-


X













X












































VJ
















X












































IO
CM


X




















x








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent


Indifferent

Oligosaprobic

Limnophilous





 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      96
-------
Taxon Cyclotella stelligera C1.  u. Grun. var. stelligera
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes



X
ft

JJ
c
o
•H
H
JJ
3



C
•r4
«
a






4->


»-»
tj

c
o


s
••-(
J5
S
u
•H
IM
•H
U
ft
W
S iJ
a 2
S Q
01

%
4J
U
0)
Q)
8


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
P^esohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
=1-

























































































x





























































;

































CVJ





























































1





























































\J





























































1





























































*3-
ro





























































in
ro

















































































































































































y




















































I


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Alkaliphilous;
optimum 7.5-8 (4, 45)

Eutrophic




Indifferent









Saprophobic







Limnobiontic












Periphytic to
Tychoplanktonic


















  Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21, 24).
                                      97
-------
Taxon    Cyclotella  striata  (Kcitz)  Grun.  var.  striata
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes

S
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
J
1 Specific Habitat
jSeasona
| Dist.
Temperature
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
=3-











X

















































DO



X







X






X










































TV











X

















































ro










X


















































o
OJ










X
X

















































10
CM


X










Y




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous to
Indifferent;
range 6.8 8.0 (8).

Mesohalobous







 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Mesooxybiontic (26).
                                     98
-------
Taxon  Cylindrotheca gracilis  (Breb.) Grun. var. gracilis
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



X
0.

B
O
•H
u
4J
|



B
O
•H
fl
id





a
XI
2
fij



c
"
3

a
4->
•s
tc
iH

c
8

v
S
-H
(3
o
•H
>H
•H
0
X,

a .,
0 «
S °
M

%
2
B
r1
r5)


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•a-











;






























































































































































































































































t





























































r
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1























































































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Alkali phi lous



Eutrophic




Halophilous and
Euryhalobous
(see comment below)



















Shallow Pools







Euplanktonic or
Periphytic


















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Oligooxybiontic  (26);  nitrogen  heterotroph  (4); total conductivity, concentration
 of sulfates, magnesium, calcium or  some  intercombination of same may be more
 critical  to growth  and distribution of this diatom than the chloride or sodium
 ions  (5).

                                     99
-------
Taxon  Cymatopleura solea (Breb.) W.Sm. var. solea
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes



a


c
•H
iJ
i



G
•H
3
a





0)
ja
8
&


4J
C

a
4J
.g
s
U
•H
tM
0
a
w
rt~T
C 4-1
O in
rtl O
u

H

s
p
r^


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytio
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
OJ





X























































m























X





































•a-



X




















































Y




f~-





















X
X










































X












X












X































o>



x












X












































•—



x












X












X































ro



y

























































«-



x












X












































CSJ














Y



























x


















iO
CVJ



Y












X






X





































\j



Y

























































o>
-------
Taxon  Cymbella affinis Katz. var. affinis
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes




0.

	 J3 —
c
0)
•H
N
3



C
O
-H
fl
H
«J
I




C
a
A
a
H1



C
H
3

4-1
4J
A
K
rH
si
c
O


(fl
-H
•3

-H
-H
o
ft,
u?

C *•
o w
s °
UJ

£
-p
^
§
$


Acicjobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
OligotroDhic
D-'Strophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
-«3-



X






















1

























X








o> cno




L L











V V V












x































— CM CO ^-



X X

























X































D r-
Nl C\J





























<































O
\\



X












V






X


Y


X














I
















-•»
M





























































ft
•n



X












X












































T»
•o





















































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous to
Alkalibiontic;
range 4.3-9.0 (8, 26, 27)
optimum 7.8-8.5 (4, 26).





Indifferent









Sapropnobic to
01 igosaprobic





























Summer form









  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21,  24);  best development in warmer lands  (20).
                                     101
-------
Taxon   Cymbal la austriaca Grun.  var.  austriaca
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



S


c
•H
a
i



C
•rH
•§
S





0)
J3

fa


.p
c
d>
H
3
CJ

4-1
01
•P
•H
J3
(0
ffi
H
flj
>H
0}
c
o
u

4J
rd
4J
•H
XJ
K
O
IM
O
a,

? ,;
O (0
IS"
en
0)
VI
3
4J
ra
h
(V
H1
s
B


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkalighilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous 	 ,
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•i-

X



























































	
















X











X
































no


X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous to
Indifferent;
optimum less than 6 (4)






Indifferent


















Limnophilous































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
In alpine water (20).
                                   103
-------
   Cymbella cistula (Hemprich) Grun. var. cistula
                             References
                                                          Concensus S Notes
l^-lcoloi ojIcoUt en r-K°t


ffi
ft

— p — r
c
o
•rl
H
3



C
•i
*
H
«j
33



C
11)
•H
A
P,
a
ra
w
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
n
Limnobiontic J(_
Limnophilous X X
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous _| 	
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic (
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
JD tc^ i —
in o 
-------
Taxon
        Cymbella hustedtii Krasske var. hustedtii
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
    Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                        105
-------
TaxonCymbella microcephala Grun. var. microcephala
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



X


a
•H
a
i



c
.2
o
rd




c
0)
.a

#



c
Jit
fl

4-1
rt)
4J
•H
XI
rt
a:
H
n)
k<
0)
c
o
o

4J
nj
4->
A
E
o
•H
0
ft

? ,;
% "]
s°
-------
      Cymbella naviculiformis Auersw.  var.  naviculiformis
                              References
                                                           Concensus s Notes



ffi
a

— p —
R
0)
n




c
o
•H
A
O
fM
ta
s




c
a)
•H
XI
ii
S1



c
M
3

-p
JJ
-Q
EC
rH
IS!
c
o


fl
•H
s.

•H
-H
V
tn
$ ^
o
s °
en

M
3
u
o.
§

03 ^2 dS
Acidobiontic
Ac idophi lo us .
Indifferent X J( JLp(_ X_ X_ X_ X_
Alkaliphilous X X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrochic .
Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range 	 ,
beta range
Oligohalobous Xj 	
nalophilous
indifferent X X X X X_ J£_
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic |
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic '.
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent XX X
Rheophilous 	 i
Rheobiontic 	 t
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
-~. o> ^- ID ix> tn
NI cvj n co co^j-|

X Indifferent; range
L x_ 6.0-9.0 (8, 21, 27, 36),
X _ optimum 7.5-8.0 (4).







Indifferent


JLJL






Oligosaprobic





























_i 	 i . Weak Fal 1 niaxiniuni

! jj_


i




Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 24);  calcium indifferent  (36);  oxygen  saturation  is optimal (4).
                                    107
-------
  _      Cymbella  norwegica Grun.  var.  norwegica
  laxon
                                 References
                                                               Concensus s Notes
                                                              Indifferent;
                                                              range 7.0-8.5 (36)
Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Boreal  form (10); northern alpine form (20).
                                   108
-------
                      (BerkJ_£L-yar. prostrata
                           References
                                                        Concensus s Notes
                                                       Al kali phi lous;
                                                       range 4.0-9.0 (8, 27),
                                                       optimum 7-8.5 (4, 36).
Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Oxygen saturation  is optimal (4); calcium indifferent (36).
                                   109
-------
Taxon   Cymbella  sinuata  Greg.  var.  sinuata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



E


c1
•H
-M
P



C
•H
O

a




0)
ja

ri


-P
c
<1)
tt
fl

•P
(fl
•P
•H
fl
K
rH
nj
ft
C




X

























































00


X













X










X

































r—


V













X










X

































(\


X


























































CO


X


























































rr


y













y












































O


y











X



























y


















in
rs
















y












































01














X














































O!
ro
















y












































CO
^f


y













y
y





































y
Y


Y

10
^f















































































































































































































































































































































































































'































































































































































Indifferent;
range 5.5-8.2 (8, 21, 43)
optimum around 8 (4).







Indifferent

















Limnobiontic

























Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21,  24).
                                    110
-------
Taxo:
    )n   Cymbella  tumida  (BrSb.) V.H. var. tumida
                                References
                                                              Concensus  & Notes
                                                              range 6.5-9.0 (8, 21, 27).
                                                              Alkali phi lous to
                                                              Alkalibiontic;
                                                               Indifferent  to
                                                               Halophobous
                                                               Oliqosaprobic to
                                                               Saproxenous
     Geographical distribution  and additional comments^

     Cosmopolitan (21, 24).
                                         Ill
-------
Taxon   Cymbella  turgida  (Greg.)  Cl. var. turgida
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes

S,
Nutrient
c
0
•H
3
s
Saprobien
4-t
£
0>
n
*
General Habitat
jj
5
•H
a
X
o
-H
<4-t
•H
8
a,
w
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontio
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotroohic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligo thermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
*



X

























































DO


X













X










X

































o


X
X












X












































-




X











X










X

































c\


X
X

























































en



X

























































*j-



X












x












































c^



X






































X


















to
t^



X












x






x





































r^
CM


X


























































s



X










X



























X


















in
CO



X

























































S
















x































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.2-8.5 (8,
optimum somewhat
under 7.5 (4).

Indifferent
Oligosaprobic
Limnobiontic


Periphytic


                                                                               21, 27),
 Geographical distribution  and  additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24); oxygen  saturation is optimal  (4).
                                    112
-------
Taxon
       Cymbella ventricosa Kutz. var. ventricosa
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes
                                                              Indifferent;
                                                              Fange 5.3-8.5 (19, 27, 43),
                                                              optimum 7.7-7.8 (4).
 Alkalibiontic
  Oligohalobous
                                                               Oliqosaprobic to
                                                               Mesosaprobic
  Oligosaprobic
                                                                Rheophilous  to
                                                                Indifferent
                                                                 Summer and Fall
                                                                 form
                                                                 Eurythermal and
                                                                 Oligothermal. to
                                                                 Mesothermal
     Geographical  distribution and  additional comments:
     Cosmopolitan  (21,  24); mesooxybiontic  (26); oxygen  saturaiton  is  optimal  (4).
                                         113
-------
Taxon Denticula elegans  Kcttz. var. elegans
                                References
                                                              Concensus s, Notes

S
putrient
Halobion
Saprobien
4J
c
m
n
x
3
U
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasona
1 Dist.
Temperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Dndesignated
<*



K





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































AlkaliDhilou^'
optimum around 8 (4)











Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    114
-------
Taxon  Diatoma anceps (Ehr.)  Grun.  var.  anceps
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



CB
Q.

— V —
a
n




G
0
*
H
Q
as




01
A
K
S



C
£
p.

4-1
-P
•8
SB
H
8
c
S


rs
•*•<
X

•H
-H
8
w
g w
S 2
2 a
CO

n
4J
H
&
§

^JJO UD CO col
C\J OJ CO «3- ^1-
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic 	
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent _X
halophobous X
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous (
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Litnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous 1
Rheobiontic )
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic X
Periphytic X
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall )
Eu thermal
Mesothential
Oligothermal J^
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated















































i













































































fll leal i nhi 1 nil*;'?









Halophobous to
Indi f ferent








Saproxenous







Rheophilous to
Rheooiontic











Periphytic or
Tychoplanktonic








Fall maximum



01 i qothermal




- —
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Often found  in mountainous regions  (38).
                                      115
-------
  Taxon   Diatoma  hiemale  (Roth)  Heib.  var.  heimale
                                 References
                                                               Concensus & Notes
•a- CM n  co co
	 . 	 	 T, rz CM en a:
cli
	 7T-
c
CJ
•H
Vj
-p
§
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
4J
5
•H
•§
0
•H
m
•H
U
OJ
Sf
TT
C -P
O M
Temperature Se"

Acidophilous x
Indifferent
Aikaliphiious X X >
Alkalibiontic |X _XJ
Eu trophic
Mesotrophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous %
indifferent
halophobous J£ j^
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saprogenous X
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic !
Limnophilous [
Indifferent
RhPcphilous
Rheobiontic i
Marine i
Estuary
Lake _I
River
Sprxng and Stream
Other ,
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic i ~~]
Periphytic !
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic ,
attached
unattached
Winter
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal X y
Stenothermal X
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal


Aikaliphiious to
6.3-8.2 (43), optimum
less than 7 (4).


Halophobous


t 	 	 	
Saproxenous




-|-




^ J.
	 1 	

— T~ 	 • 	 • 	 • 	
	 ! 	 , 	 . 	 „, 	 _
"I 	
— ^ 	
— i 	 , 	
_ 	 1 	
1
	 f~— ]—-
	 , 	 Stenothermal and
	 1 	 Oligothermal

Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (24).
                                   116
-------
Taxon   Diatoma tenue var.  elongatum Lyngb.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
r— i— r— i— C\J OJ

a

	 JT—
c
0
*


c
o
•H
rH
id
B



C
HI
•H
ft
2
&
w
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
13
Season
Dist
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous .
Indifferent \'.(
Alkaliphilous X _X. _X _X_ JL
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous X C X X X X
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous 	
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range t
Oligosaprobic V
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic X
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent X _X_
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake X
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other X
Euplanktonic X
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
3 co o> ir: H3
	 Alkaliphilous to
	 T range 6.4-8.3 (8),





	 Halophilous


f
XXX





— 	 	 	 Beta-Mesosaprobic
J(
.



	 	 • — Indifferent




Lakes and Bogs







1 X Euplanktonic to
j Periphytic



1
	 i
1




1






-
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Probably Cosmopolitan but seldom seen in the tropics (24); mesooxybiontic (26),
                                      117
-------
Taxon   Diatoma  vulgare Bory. var. vulgare
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes



£


a
•H
U
§



c
•H
•O1
ID





0)
A

if


-p
£
0)
u
V)
«

4-1
IB
4J
•H
*
E
H
at
H
to
C
0)
O

U
5
.Q
rd
ffi
O
M-l
o
S1

Is M
R °i
So
M
CO
si
4J
H
ft
EH


Acidobiontic
ftcidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
LPall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
-























Y


























X










^a-





X























































r^.



X


















V
Y





































00




X











X













X






























en




X











X












































-




X











X













X






























CM



X

























































CO




x
























































01



X


















Y







X






























O






























Y






























10




Y











X








Y




X






























r^
CM




Y





































Y




£













en

















Y











































-






















Y






































00





Y
























X

























Y




01
















X












































«rf



X












X













Y
























_x
Y


Y

L£>
rt
















X









































































































































































Al kal ibiontic to
AT kal i phi 1 ous '
ranap fi 4-R ? (& 97 A.')}



Eutrophi c



Indifferent









Beta-Mesosaprobic to
Oligosaprobic






Rheophilous













Periphytic and
Epiphytic







Winter dominant




Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal


Geographical distribution and additional comments:

Cosmopolitan but seldom observed in the tropics (24); in summer dominant on
Cladophora in large eutrophic lakes,  and in winter on other substrata in the
surf zone (27).
                                    118
-------
Taxon  Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt var. geminata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes
in


Ot
tricnt
3
c
•H
3
.H
EC



C
•H
.Q
a
a
3
4-1
C
0>
n
V4
u
eneral Habitat
Specific Habitat G
easonall t
n-it,*- *
1 S
| Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous .
Indifferent X
Alkaliphilous
Eutrophic .
Mesotrophic i 	
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic 	 i 	 	
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
Oligohalobous .


halophobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range ,
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Marine
Estuary
Lake
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated


Indifferent;
optimum 6.5-7.4 (lb)

i_ —







i 	 _. 	















_4_











    Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                       119
-------
Taxon   Diploneis elliptica (Kutz.) Cl.  var. elliptica
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes



X


c
•H
i!
i



C
°

•§
s





0)
.Q
n
13


4J
C
a)
M
g

.p
10
4J
•H
4)

rH
a


id
n
0)

frl


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
<-



X

























































00


X













X











X
































Ol


X













X












































o


X













X












































^~


X













x











Y
































CM


X


























































n



X

























































o
r>










































X



































x

























X


















10



X












x








x


x
































a*
















X












































CO
CO













X
Y














































Ol
















Y
































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Al kali phi lous;
range 6.4-8.2 (8) ,
optimum around 8 (4)






Indifferent









Saproxenous







Limnophilous































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21 , 24).
                                    120
-------
Taxon Diploneis interrupta (Kutz.) Cl.  var.  interrupta
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes
In «a- co
%
trient
|


e
o
•H
ft
O
a

Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophiloi'.s
Indifferent
Alkalinhilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous X X.
alpha range
beta range X
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Me so saprob ic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
O r — CXI C-O








1




















































l°°
00

r •



























































yi
"O











X






























































































1
















£>
=t




1








X





































1






























































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;


Mesohalobous



Coastal form

















  Geographical distribution and  additional comments:
                                      121
-------
Taxon  Diploneis oblongella (Naeg. ex. Kutz.) Ross var. oblongella
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



%


c
•H
4J
i



C
*H
O
rj
K




QJ
ja

f3



C
^
tf

10
4J
•H
•a

rH
18
ki
QJ
c
01
C5

4J
4J
fl
£
u
4H
O
a

Is ,;
O W
fiu
en

V4
4-1
h
ft
H


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta ranqe
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Sapr ophob ic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Penphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
i-



;

























































CO



)












V












(































CT»



)












Y












































o


\













x












































CO


1


























































m



X

























































>*



X












Y












































U3





























Y































CT»


Y
Y

























































l£>
r\



Y












x








,



































1-
















x

























y


















t.



Y

























































CO
ro













x
Y





































1 —








V£>














X



x
































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kali phi lous;
optimum over 8 (4)








Indifferent









Saproxenous







Indifferent











n



















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan but seldom in  tropics (24);  calcium indifferent (36).
                                    122
-------
Taxon  Diploneis smithii  (Breb.  ex.  W.  Sm.)  Cl.  var.   smithii
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes



ffi
a

— p — r
c
0
•I-T
W
-tJ
3



C
.y
A
o
H
id
E




-------
Taxon  Epithemia sorex Katz.  var.  sorex
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes



a


c
-H
i)
3



C
•H
o
It)





01
A
2
fd


•p
C
-------
Taxon  Epithemia turgida  (Ehr.)  Katz.  var.  turgida
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes






	 P —
B
£
H
3



C
.a
*
rH
(0





0)
A
B
ft



C
M
g

4J
4J
X;
X
H
2
C
O


ti
•rH
XI
S

•H
•H
u
(U
ft
w
? 1
g »
s °
to

VI
S
i^
a



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
«3-





























































f-






















r






































CO




























y
































12|£




























V
































CM CO




x



1




















































^~





























































1





























































NJ










































/


















.£>
%J
















Y








X



































i





























































CT»
M
















X

Y










































o
ro























A





































•n























i_





































ro










































X


















.0
no



'

























































"O





























































•o































































Alkaliphilous to
Alkaltbiontlc;
range 4.6-9.U ,(%,„£(},






Indifferent










Saproxenous to
Beta-Mesosaprobic


















n



















  Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21, 24); calciphilous (36).
                                     125
-------
Taxon  Epithemia zebra (Ehr.) Kutz. var. zebra
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes

s
putrien
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
pecific Habitat

i» p
o w
tft -H
a a
0
«
OJ
*
4J
(0
h
o
ft
FH


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CM

y


















































Y
Y



V

**

^

























































h^




















X






































X) &

V Y












> X












If































o

Y












>












































'-

Y












•)












































™^\S^ft^

x
X X X X









X X

X X






x

x





















	 1 —




	 / —
i








* LO CT. 10
?O CO CO *3-
	 Alkaliphilous to
	 4.7-9.0 (2, 8, 21, 27),






Indifferent





X XX

X


Saproxenous to
Beta-Mesosaprobic






Indifferent












X Periphytic












	 Eurythermal and
	 Mesothermal to
	 Euthermal



Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
Cosmopolitan (5, 20).
                                   126
-------
Taxon   Eunotia curvata (Ktftz.) Lagerst.  var.  curvata
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes
\J

B
ft

Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent x
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
=1- CO cr
















;
X











JL































O i —
















X
X











X































NJ


X


























































*d-


X













X












































-Kp
•viK

X"












V
A






















Y























Nl


































X
y

























LO
n


x


























































CO
m

x

































X
y
X























01
CO

















X











































LO
•3-

u







































X
X





x
Y


































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous to
Indifferent; range
4.0-9.0 (2, 8, 27),
optimum 5.5-6.0 (4).
Eutrophic to
Oligotrophic

Indifferent to
Halophobous

Oligosaprobic



Spri nqs , Streams ,
Ri vers Ponds and


Tychoplanktonic or
Periphytic, attached
or unattached

















  Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21,  24); widely distributed in water of low mineral content (38);
  calcium indifferent  (36).
                                     127
-------
Taxon  Eunotia  formica  Ehr.  var.  formica
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes

X
o.
putrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
,1
1 Specific Habitat
Seasona
| Dist.
Temperature


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotroohic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
L ininophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•a-

X



























































CO


X














X









X

































NJ


X











y



























Y


















•3-
CM


X


























































M3
OJ


X


























































r-s
OJ


X


























































LO
ro


X


























































8

X
X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































i



































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 6-7.6 (8, 26,
optimum less than 6





Halophobous


Limnobiontic


Periphytic



                                                                                27),
                                                                                (4).
Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Probably  Cosmopolitan  (21).
                                    128
-------
Taxon   Eimotia  pectinalis  var.  minor  (Kcitz.)  Rabh.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes
CT> O .— CM rO i—
r- ,_ r— ,— C\J


3,
— p—
c
-------
Taxon  Eunotia pectinalis  (O.F.  Mall.?)  Rabh.  var.  pectinalis
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



5


(3
•H
is
%



C
•rt
o
*





0>
A
S
G4
a


4>
c
o>
M
y
u

4J
m
•u
•A
A
10
S
rH
a
*
c

C\J

X












Y


Y





Y





































NJ

X





X





















































LO
CO

X



























































00
CO





Y

X





















































Ol
00

















Y

































































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous;
range 5.0-8.0 (8, 27),
optimum around 6.5 (4)


Oligotrophic to
Eutrophi c


Halophobous










Oligosaprobic to
Alpna-Mesosaprobic






Indifferent































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan  (21, 24); prefers water of low mineral content (38); most
commonly  found  in the cooler regions or in the northern or central parts
of  the  United States (38).
                                   130
-------
Taxon
        Eunotia pectinalis var.  undulata (Ralfs)  Rabh.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes
OJ OJ CXJ

a

	 IT—
c
0)
•H
U
4J
3


C
o
•H
*
>H
id
EC


Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous X
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous X
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous X
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Rerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated









































































































I













































































































































































































Acidophilous to
Indifferent;
range 5.7-7.9 (27).

























  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21);  water  of  low mineral content  (38).
                                     131
-------
Taxon  Eunotia pectinalis var. ventricosa Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes

ft
Mutriem
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
l|
| Specific Habitat
Seasona
1 Dist.
Temperature


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Ondesignated
CO

X















X











X































^.

x















x











X































e\i














X














































to
OJ

X















x





X





































i^
cs

X



























































^-
CO














X



























X
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous;
range 6.2-7.3 (27)





Halophobous
Oligosaprobic
Indifferent


Periphytij^


Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21); often found with  the nominate variety (38).
                                    132
-------
Taxon  Fragilaria brevistriata  Grun.  var.  brevistriata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



X
O,

JJ
C
o
•H
H
3



C
O
-H
#
a
X




0)
a
li
a-



c
8
p.

*j
4J
•S
ffi
r-t
2
c
o

Jt
flj
•p
-H
_Q
•3
fj
•H
M-(
•H
o
8,
W
§ *J
O U
2 Q
en

M
rt
3
td
^
QJ
a
P^


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligo thermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^t





























































CO
















Y

Y










Y































* o





























































-





























V































%J



























































































































o
r\l



























































































































,























x








































































y
X





















































































































































00
m














X
































1













ro





















































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.5-9.0 (8, 27),
optimum 7.5-7.8 (4).


Eutrophic



Indifferent









.




















Peri phyti c



















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24); in a wide range of conductivity (38).
                                     133
-------
Taxon  Fragilaria brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Hust.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



K


C
•H
4J
^



e
•H
O
id







M
p
4J
ID
U
(U
f*
r5)


Acidobior.tic
Aeidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotroohic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
0>1



X

























































i^
CM



X

























































CO
CO



X

























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 7.4-9.0 (27).


























































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Seems to prefer water of fairly high conductivity (38).
                                    134
-------
Taxon Fraailaria capucina Desm.  var.  capucina
                                References
                                                             Concensus s  Notes



a
a

4J
C
0)
•H
M
4J




C
O
-H
O
td
X




a
ja
a
rt



c
M
3

JJ
JJ
3
s
rH
w
c
0

jj
td
4J
•H
^j
fO
T*
Q
•H
'I 1
-H
u
CD
C^
w
(fl
o w
s °
U)

V-J
^>
iH
r
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^j-





























































r^























J£





































dcr





























t(































~





























































•-





























X































J^





























































CO



X

























































o
C\J









































X
I


















NJ









































X
X


















U3
CM
















y






x





































NJ



i

v




























X
x









i















\J





























































o
m























X























1
1












00
ro



X












X












































CTi
CO

















X











































CO
*r
















X












X

























X
X


X

m
^-

X














x


































x.









\£>
*d-
















V
A












































































































Al kali phi lous;
range 6.2-9.0 (27)
optimum 6.8 (45),
















01 i oosaprobi c







Indi f ferent




Lakes and Ponds







Periphytic and
Tychoplanktonic








Spring maximum



Eurythermal and
Oliqothermal to
Mesothermal



  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21);  calcium  indifferent  (36).
                                     135
-------
Taxonfragilaria construens (Ehr.) Grun. var. construens
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes




Q,

c
•H
Ji
4



c
•H
o
«





0)
A

W


V
C
0)
i<
M
rH

4J
(d
.p
•H
XI
10
a
H
10
H
(D
O

•u
3
•H
,Q
S
O
*M
O
s,

f n
O U
fiu
oj
0)
14
4->
U
ft
EH


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
AlkaliBhilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophio
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
«a-



X

























































i^*





















X




V


































CO



X












X

X










X































CT1



x












X












































o



X












X
















































x












X












y































CM



X

























































ro



y

























































:vj





X








X



X























X


















a
M



X












X






X





































1^
CM



X

X




























Y
X






X


















01
CM
















X

X










































CO























Y




























— f








•&•
ro














X


























X
X


















U1
CO



X

























































00
CO



X












X
























y
X


















CTl
CO
















X












































CO
^t-



X












X




















Y

















v
Y


Y

in
«*

Y



















































y







10
et-














Y



y











































A1 kali phi lous ;
range 6 0-9 0 (8 27)-
optimum 7 7-7 8 (4)
6.7 (45)


Eutrophic



Indifferent









Oligosaprobic to
Alpha-Mesosaprobic






Indifferent





Lakes, Ponds,
Springs and Streams






Periphytic and
Tychoplanktonic







Fall maximum



Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan  (21,  24);  an  indicator of oxygenated waters (4), calcium
 indifferent  (36).
                                    136
-------
Taxon Fragilaria construens var. subsalina Must.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



£
ft

	 p" —
c
GJ
•H
i-J
-P
3



c
o
•H
.Q
O
1— j
ta
X




o
rQ
a
fd



c
n
3

.p
4J
.3
K
H
H
C
O


r?
-H
ri

•H
•H
«,
CO
rt
o w
2 °
CO

M
4->
^
c1
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dvstroohic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
J> C\J















y













































*SS















X X
i
























x



















.n LD








1

































































































































































































































1





































































































































































































































































Al kal iphilous









Halophilous






























Periphytic or
Tychoplanktonic


















  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                      137
-------
Taxon Fragilaria construens var.  venter (Ehr.) Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes



E


c
•H
4J
§



C
•H
°
rd





(L>
ft
Oj
a


4J
c
ij
n
r3,

J-J
ft)
4->
•H
^
K
rH
a
v<
0)
c


4J
$
A
%
O
m
0
&

P M
O W
ID O
cn
(U
H
•3
+J
n)
VI
-------
Taxon  Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton var. crotonensis
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



K
ft

	 p—
c
G
•H
^
4J




C
0
•H
•H
»-t
n!
ffi



c
a)
-H
.Q
a
«5



c
n
p.

*J
4J
,a
tc
iH
h
C
8


j cxj ro n «3-



X X












X











1










X L _._






















Alkal iphilous;
range 6.8-8.3 (8, 27),
optimum around 8 (4).


Eutrophic to
Mesotrophic


Indifferent









Oligosaprobic to
Beta-Mesosaprobic



















	 Euplanktonic



















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Europe, Asia, Africa and America (24).
                                      139
-------
Taxon  Fragilaria intermedia Grun. var. intermedia
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



K


c
•H
4J




c
-H
0
itJ
K




0)
.Q
s
fa



c
a)
M
M
fl

•4J
*
4J
-H
ja
JO
a
f-t
«)
u

?
r"!


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta ranqe
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake -
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
^ Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
«*



X

























































en



X












X












































CO



X

























































CD
CM










































X


















C\J














y














































UD
C\j



X












X












































CD
OJ
















X












































ID
CO




V
























































CO
«a-



Y



















































Y
V


Y

to
•a-
















X





















































































































































1 —


















|

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































1































































Al kali phi lous;
range 6.9-8.2 (43),
optimum probably over
8 (4).






Indifferent











































Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan  (21);  characteristic of oxygen rich  water (4).
                                    140
-------
Taxon  Fragilaria leptostauron  var.  dubia  (Grun.) Must.
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes




ft

— IT—
- c:
•S
H
3



C
.a
*
M
(0
w





A
a
rt



£
V4
3

£
4J
•9
03
iH
3
C
o


fl
•H
•9

•H
•H
0
ft
W
•3 •
O w
« 0
f?!

£
4->
H
&
§

<*
Aciclobiontio I 	
Acidophilous
Indifferent ,
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic 	
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saproahilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
eplpelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated




























































































































































































Indifferent








Indifferent


















































  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                     141
-------
Taxon . Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Must, var.  leptostauron
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes



X


c.
•H
4J
§



O
•H
O
(3




C
0>
£

S1


•P
C
0)
n
^
tf

-P
iti
-p
-H
^
K
H
«
l-l
tu
C
V
O

4J
5
XI
ffi
0
*w
CJ
&

§•
4J
O CO
ti Q
W
0)
^
-p
rtl
V4
QJ
ft
4


Aoidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indiffarent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophi lous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendrio
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^j-



X
























































01


X












X












































-















X











X
































UD
CSJ



X












x





X





































CO













X




























X

















01
m
















X











































to
•*















X







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkali phi lous to
Indifferent;
optimum probably
around 8 (4).






Halophobous







01 i gosaprobi c







Limnophilous












Epipelic



















Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Lives in oxygen rich water (4).
                                   142
-------
Taxon   Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. var. pinnata
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes
*f


%

— J,
c
01
-H
U
4J
1


C
o
'H
*
M
S
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobcus
Polysaprobic
Hesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
r-. co
















_£





J£






X































O i —
















ti_x_












X































n



X

























































^
—



























X

































:\J





Y










X

























X X


















l£>
C\J



x












X






X






















r-*
CM



X

X




























X
>










!

,
















^~
cr>
















X
























X
X






















LD
ro





























































CO
ro














X














































Ol
ro
















X












































10
sj-
















X

X









































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 5.7-9.0 (8, 21),
optimum 7.6-7.8 (4).




Beta-Mesosaprobic
to Oliqosaprobic
Indifferent to
Limnobiontic

Lakes and Ponds

Periphytic










  Geographical distribution  and  additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24); thrives optimally only in oxygen rich water (4).
                                     143
-------
Taxon  Fragllaria  vaucheriae  (KCJtz.)  Peters,  var.  vaucheriae
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



S


«
•H
a
i



c
.y
•s
•?





0>
J3

rt


.p
C
d>
h
H

*J
•H
A
10
a
H
13
M
O
C
O
O

4J
n
A
>d
s
0
«M
o
n,

f3 ,;
o w

-------
Taxon   Fraqilaria virescens Ralfs var. virescens
                                References
                                                              Concensus  & Notes



K
ft

4J
C
a
•H
ti
g



c
o
•H
ja
o
i-i
cd
K




0)
.q
ii
a



c
£
g
U
4-1
4J
•s
K
rH
2
c
U


fi
•H
A
£

•H
•H
O
0)
£L
uT
S.
O w
3 °
Ul

a
5
te
c1
r^


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophcbous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
Oi— CO O|«D
, — i — i — CVJ C\J





























t







X

%_





















TI LT> CO LT) t^>
xi ro ro «=t- •=!-


X
















































X

X











































































































































































































































































— t-





























































__


















































Indifferent;
optimum 6.4-6.8 (4) .








Indifferent to
Halophobous








01 igosaprobic







Indifferent




Streams and Ditches

















Spring and Fall for









  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  From oxygen rich water (4); alpine form (20).
                                     145
-------
Taxon Frustulia rhomboides  var.  amphipleuroides  (Grun.)  Cl.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S  Notes



S


c
•H
4-1
S



C
•H
•g
«





0)
f>
n
rd


•P
C
QJ
U
M
rH

4J
(B
4->
-H
XI
ID
X
r-l
«
n
M
o
&

? M
O in
n a
w

VJ
3
4J
(15
14
0)
ft
EH


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
C\J
OsJ

















X











































^D
C\

X
X














X







X



































CO
en

X



























































1































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous to
Indifferent







Halophobous









Saproxenous








































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Frequent  in  northern Europe  (20); from water of low mineral content (38).
                                    146
-------
Taxon
       Frustulia rhomboides (Ehr.) Del. var. rhomboides
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



X
o,
U"
c .
01
^H
u
4J
S



c
o
•H
*
fH
a
X
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
•u
3
•H
a
&
U
•H
»w
•H
I
Sf
Seasona]
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Euryjthermal
Undesignated
en ro o i — yD
















y
i
V
\



















jj.

^


X.


















r^ in co


































L




x.





































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous;
range 4.5-8.2 (21 , 27,
38),
optimum around 6 (4).
Oligotrophic to
Dystrophic

Indifferent to
Halophobous

Saproxenous





Periphytic



















  Geographical distribution and  additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24).
                                     147
-------
Taxon  Trustulia vulgaris (Thwaites)  DeT.  var.  vulgaris
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes



5


c
-H
-p
*



c
•rH
0
a
K




-------
Taxon Gomphonema abbreviatum (Ag.) Katz. var. abbreviatum
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s  Notes

B,
Nurrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
| Specific Habitat
Iseasona
1 Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Aoidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrqnhic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
«a



x

























































o
00





























X



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;




Indifferent





 Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
                                    149
-------
Taxon  Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr.  var.  acuminatum
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



s


c
•H
•P
^



c
•H
o
i3





HI
XI

ffl


4->
C
0)
M
rt

4J
•H
a
a
K
H
a
H
01
c
a>
CS

4J
5
.Q
£
o
•H
IH
O
s,

Is ,;
K 1
S!u
CO

^
3
4J
(0
n
P
r^


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
C>0



X



















































X


X


<=t



X

























































cc



X












X











X
































01



X












X












































o



X












X











X
































^



X












X












































CVJ



X

























































CO



X

























































«3-



X












X











X
































Nl



X










X



























Y


















to
C\J



X












X






X





































r~
C\]



X

























































01
C\J














X














































o
CO























y





































CO























Y





































Lf)
CO



X

























































01
CO
















X








































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 5.4-9.0 (2, 8, 27),
optimum around 8 (4).






Indifferent










Oligosaprobic







Limnophilous

























Mesothermal and
Metathermal




Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan  (21, 24); more abundant  in temperate than tropical regions (24).
                                    150
-------
Taxon Gomphonema acuminatum var. coronata  (Ehr.) W.  Sm.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes

E
a
c
o
-rt
il
2


Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO


x













X











X
































01


x













X












































O
















X












































^


X













X











X
































00


X


























































<£>
Cd



X












X






X





































\J


Y
A


























































a>
C\J














X














































en
ro
















X












































L£>
=a-
















X








































































































































1















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 5.7-9.0 (8, 27)

Indifferent

01 igosaprobic
Limnophilous




 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Calcium indifferent (36).
                                     151
-------
Taxon Gomphonema acuminatmn var. brebissonil  (Ktrtz.) Cl,
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes

8,

Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halopjiilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
00















X











X
































cn















X












































o















X




























































X











X
































t\J




























































«3-















X












































U3
Cvj















X






X





































1 —
C\J




























































en
"NJ




























































3>
"O















;
A















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilgus;
range 6.4-8.5 (8, 27)

Indifferent
01 igosaprobic
Limnophilous




 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     152
-------
Taxon  Gomphonema  anqustatum  (Kutz.)  Rabh. var. angustatum
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



5


c
•H
iJ
§



c
•rl
•a
CO





III
A
3
81



C
S
fl

4-1
nj
4J
•H
41
ffl
iH

-------
Taxon  Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus (Greg.)  Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  & Notes


rc

c
•H
JJ
K



C
•H
•s
5



Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
I Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO





























X































o


..


























































CSJ


X


























































10
CSJ






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Al kali phi lous;
range 6.4-8.2 (8).

Indifferent

Oligosaprobic

Indifferent
















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     154
-------
Taxon Gomphonema constrictum Ehr. var. constrictum
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



as
o.

c
S
a
rf



B
X
3
.9









X












X












































o



X












X












































-



f












X












X































CSJ



y

























































CO


X


























































•a-



X












X












































\J














X



























x


















*•























X





































LO



X

























































o>
















X












































ID
















X








































































































































































































































Al kal ipm lous,
range 6.2-9 (8, 27),
optimum around 8 (4)

.
Eutrophic





















Indifferent




Ponds







Periphytic



















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21);  calciphilous  (36).
                                     155
-------
Taxon  Gomphonema aracile Ehr.  var.  gracile
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



1
0,

S
0)
•H
iJ
J3



c
3
*
H
•s
K




0)
J3
B
a



e
S
tj
d

«
*i


1-1
2
c
0

JJ
fl
•H
ft
5

-H
•H
o
R
of
S u
§ »
S °
(0

a
1
u
o.
§

CM ^ 0 ,- tSJ CO 0 r-
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent XXX
Alkaliphilous XX X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous X
halophilous
indifferent X (
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic X X
Limnophilous X
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic X_
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
-^ eS- LO O> kD
\j m m m ^~
















X X
























X.











































































































































































































Indifferent to
Alkaliphilous;
range 5.5-9.0 (21, 27}
optimum 7.2-7.4 (4).





Indifferent

















.
Limnophilous










Peri phyti c



















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24); calcium indifferent (36).
                                     156
-------
Taxon  Gomphonema  intricatum  Kutz.  var.  intricatum
                                References
                                                              Concensus £ Notes



B

•-JJ
e

ro
















X





































































































1



























































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range b.b-y.u (a, i\ , c.i )
optimum 7.2-7.3 (4).
Eutrophic



Saproxenous

Limnobiontic

Lakes and Ponds

Periphytic














  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21 ,  24).
                                     157
-------
Taxon   Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyng.) Kutz. var.  olivaceum
                                References
                                                              Concensus  & Notes



£G


C
-H
•P
i



c
•r-l
•a
cd










Y











x












































1=




Y











x












X































•\J



x

























































ro



x

























































*f




x











x












































CT>




x
























X












X


















o
^1




























x
































>£>
%J




Y











Y






X





































XJ




Y
x




























X
X
















































X






































01
CO
















X












































«3-



















































X









CO
•a-




X











X












X












X












Y
X


X

10
^~
















X












































































































Alkal ibiontic;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27, 43)



Eutrophic



Indifferent










01 igosaprobic to
Mesosaprobic




























Winter or Spring
form


Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan,  but not abundant in the tropics  (24).
                                    158
-------
Taxon
       Gomphonema parvulum var. subelliptica Cl.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes




Oi

— D —
Q)
H





S
fl
%
X




c
0)
•H
ft
V,
ft
ra



$
n
8

ti
+J
•3
&
r-i

C
S


5
-H
•§

>r4
•H
S.
U)
-7=1
2
o
a
CA

VI
^
S
Ot
8


Acidobiontic
Ac idophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic 	
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous X
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiont ic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated











Oligohalobous


















































  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      159
-------
Taxon  Gomptionema parvulum var.  micropus (Kutz.)  Cl.
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes

s
Nutrient

c
o
•H
•a
H
HI
X
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
oc


X













X













X






























o


X













x












































-


X













X














X





























C\J


X


























































n


X


























































*3-



X












X












































01
CM














X














































s
















X

X























Y











































































































































































































































































































































































1













































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 6.6-8.0 (8).

Indifferent


Rheophilous to


Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     160
-------
Taxon Gomphonema parvulum Kiitz. var. parvuluiti
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



33
a,

•~V
C
o
•rt
U
4J
§



C
•H
#






0)
A
a
m



£
1^
3

4-1
5
A
S
>H
V4
C
S

| >
(d
4J
•rH
J5
nj
IT!
Q
•H
•M
•H
u
&
W
S OJ
O W
S n
w
o
M
3
5
u
(U
a
£•'

co ^i-
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous x
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
01 igotroDhic
Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous X
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
,-coo,
















V V

x


y








X






























o




























































































X






























"NJ





























































-\

\



























































d-





























































3
1




























1
\
































C\l
















x

X

























1










x

x



VO
CM
















'












r
f\































O\
CM















X













































•o






















<






































S
















X

(

X





















x


















LO
CO


'


























































CT»
CO
















(












































ro
•a-


1













X

X











X











X












X

X



IO
*±
















X

X













































range 4.2-9.0 (8, 21

























Rheophilous












Periphytic













Mesothermal and
Stenothermal




                                                                                    43);
  Geographical  distribution  and  additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21);  a facultative  nitrogen  heterotroph  and may  be  a  pollution
  indicator (4);  the  great adaptability  of this  species  accounts for  its
  variability (21); calcium  and  iron  indifferent (36).
                                     161
-------
Taxon  Gomphonema subtile Ehr. var. subt11e
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



5


c
•H
3
^



e
•H
•8

id
4J
•H
•S
X
H
-------
Taxon Gyrosigma acuimnatum (Katz.) Rabh. var. acuminatum
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
                                                              Alkalibiontic;
                                                              range 6.4-8.3 (8, 27, 36),
                                                              optimum over 8 (4).
                                                               Oligosaprobic to
                                                               Beta-^Mesosaprobic
                                                               Rheophilous to
                                                               Indifferent
    Geographical distribution and additional connwnt*:

    Cosmopolitan  (23);  calciphilous  (36).
                                        163
-------
Taxon  Gyrosigma macrum (W.  Sm.)  Griff.  & Henfr.  var.  tnacrum
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



5.


c
•H
JJ
i



c
•H
•§
tf





-------
    Gyrosigma obtusatum (Sulliv. and Wormley) Boyer var. obtusatum


                             References                    Concensus s Notes




a

	 JJ—
to
H
•3



c
s
•H
rH
K




C
0)
•H
A
a
&
id



C
S!
J3

4->
•P
f!
K
H
hi
C
s


5
•H
•§

•H
•H
8.
w
iS
0 K
Sn
en

t^
^
'&
&
L^


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous 	 , _, 	
Indifferent , 	
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic 	 1
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated



























1 i


































Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
New England States, Middle Atlantic States, East Central  States;
South Carolina, Kentucky (38).
                                   165
-------
Taxon  Gyrosigma  scalproides  (Rabh.)  Cl.  var.  scalproides
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



8


C
-H
3
i



c
5
•§
«









4J
*
4J
A
S
o


























































00


>
>












X













X






























PO

)



























































CD
CM


































X
X



X





















CO



)












>




















X
X






















to
CM



)












>






>





































CO
CO


)
)


























X






































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.7-8.6 (4, 8),
optimum 8.3-8.6 (4),
7.7 (21).






Indifferent

















































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopol itan (21).
                                    166
-------
Taxon   Gyrosigma  spencerii  (Quek.)  Griff.  & Henfr. var.  spencerii
                                References
                                                              Concensus s  Notes



X


c
1-1
•M
i



c
•H
3
10





at
ft
&
nJ



G
H
3

4-1
ft
4J
•H
•s
X
t-i
n)
M

a
u
to
Q,
H


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Eulialobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
ro













X















































**•




X






X


X














































CO


X















X










X































o>











X

















































n



X







X

















































•*




X











X







































\-




0
exj











X

















































10
C\J



X







X






X




X





































s
















X




















X




X


















10
cr>



X

























































OD
n
















x

















X

X
X























.0
*












X

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous to
Alkalibiontic; range
6.6-8.5 (4, 8), optimum
no less than 8.5 (4).






Mesohalobous to
Indifferent








Oligosaprobic







Indifferent





Streams, Rivers
and Lakes




• u •
Periphytic



















Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    167
-------
Taxon Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. var. arcus
                                References
                                                              Concensus s  Notes
** ° , 	 c\j c\i ^i c\j ro ro

X
ft
V
C
11
•rl
14
4J
3



C
X
*
r4
a
£C


Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent X X
Alkaliphilous X X
Alkalibiontic X
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous X X
halophilous
indifferent X
halophobous
Euryha lobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobio
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous X
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous X XXX X
Rheobiontic X
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream X X
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal X XX
Stenothermal X
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated

















































i













Alkaliphilous to
Indifferent
range 7.2-8 (43),
optimum 7.3-7 A (4).

Indifferent to
Halophobous

Saproxenous

Rheophilous

Springs and Streams













Stenothermal and
Oliqothermal



	 —
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Probably Cosmopolitan but not frequent in the tropics (24); from temperate
  tcTarctic regions (21); prefers mountainous regions (38).
                                      168
-------
Taxon  Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. var.  amphioxys
                                References
                                                              Concensus s  Notes

S
Nutrient
Halobion
c
-------
Taxon HantzscMa virgata (Roper)  Grun.  var.  virgata
                               References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



s
C.

1 v •
c
.s
H




c
.y
*
i-H
10
s




d>
£
a
rt



£
14
a
"
ti
4J
.Q
£
H
2
c
3


3
•H
•a

•H
•H
8,
M
-7^ 	
S +1
0 ^
S °
(0

^
S
S
ft
3

cS ^
Acidobiontic
Ac idophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous ^ j^
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous X
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine X
Estxiary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated











Euhalobous to
Mesohalobous and
Euryhalobous




















1 Marine



























   Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      170
-------
Taxon   Mastogloia braunii Grun.  var.  braunii
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



9
Ot

%
3
ii
^



c
••J
«
i


Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
i*
1°
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
AlXaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalpbous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Hesoaaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
take
Pond
River
{feeing and stream
A«rop
Other
liloua

Euplank tonic
Tyehoplanktonic

P«rij
•p:
_ «pi
epJ
k»»l<.

pelic
iithic
( endric
epiaooic
epi
phytic
attach^
unattached
Winter
Sprincr
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
«••« thermal
Oligotherwal
Stenotheraal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
»)•











i

















































Ol











r

















































o



X

























































CVJ











'

















































0
CM





























































CO
ro











'





















)(



























(Tl





























































U3













r
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkali phi lous

Mesohal obous



Estuaries




 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     171
-------
Taxon Mastogloia grevillei W.Sm. var. grevillei
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



SO
ft

	 JJ—
B
1>
•H
H
3



C
O
•H
*
H
id
re




91
XI
iJ
id



B
14
3
°
JJ
4J

ffl
tn
H
2
8
O


3
•H
£

•H
-r4
a
D.
W
~rH
IS ,
0
s °
0)

M
S
tJ
§•
i


Acidobiontic
Ac idophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake X X
Pond )(
River X
Spring and Stream x
Aerophilous
Other X
Euplank tonic
Tychopl anktonic
Periphytic X X
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligo thermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated


































Lakes, Ponds, Rivers,
Streams and Ditches






Periphytic











i







   Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                       112
-------
Taxon  Mastogloia smithii  Thwaites  Ex.  W.  Sm.  var.  smithii
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes

X
Q.
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasona!
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^i-











X






















X







X


















CO


X
X












X












X































01











X

















































o
CM










































X


















VD
n



X

























































CO
ro
















X

















X


























10
•d-



X












X

X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—



















































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.4-8.5 (8, 36)

Indifferent to
Mesohalobous


Indifferent

Lakes

Periphytic



 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Calciphilous (36).
                                    173
-------
Taxon   Melosira ambigua  (Grun.)  0.  Mull,  var.  ambigua
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



X
Q.

C
01
•H
n
•p
$



G
•H
XI
O
«J





0)
£t
H
n)



C
P
g

4J
4J
XI
S
i-l
H
C



n
•H
a

•H
4-t
-H
o
S,
CO
S *j
O 10
S Q
CO

H
JJ
H
a



Acidobiontic
Ac idophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligotherraal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
* CO ' — CVJ ^3- O
,— r- i— C\J
















1 V V
k A A












, X X X










X




















— ^- 10 — LO ID
M CM CM »> f) «-














1 X_








V £
















X X














































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Alkaliphilous;
range 6.4-8.0 (8).


Eutrophic



Indifferent
















Indi f ferent













Euplanktonic



















  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                      174
-------
Taxon   Melosira  distans  var.  africana Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



X
a

jj
e
01
•H
fl
S



c
o
••H
*
fH
Iti
ffi




0)
J3
a
id-



c
l<
g

+J
+1
•3
X
tH
§
c
o


fl
•H
0

•H
-H
O
0>
Q4
CO

C 4J
o o>
3 °
tn

i)
5
^4
P-
$

j:
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous X
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous %
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Ol igosapr obic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous









Halophobous

















































  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     175
-------
Taxon  Melosira distans  var. alpigena Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



X
ft

4-1
C

•H
H
+J
3



C
O
•H
.Q
o
10
s




a)
.Q
S,
»



C
ft
p

4J
-P
,Q
K
rH
H
C
o


n
•H
«

-r4
-H
s,
CO
S ^
O 10
id Q
w

M
4-1
u
Qj


<\J CO
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous jj_
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophio
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated























































i




































































































































Indifferent?





























.




























-
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      176
-------
Taxon
       Melosira distans (Ehr.) KUtz. var. distans
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



1
ft

""4J
C
0)
•H
a
s



c
X
*
iH
ta
s




4)
U3
a
£



c
n
a

",
4J
A

H
§
C
o


cd
•H
3

•H
*M
•H
U
S,
w
s „
O 10
s °
CO

u
t>
H
R*
S


Acidobiontic
flcidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
*±





























































31

















r











































— OJ





























Y































•>o o ^o
— OJ C\J







x
'






























X


X X













V




-^- ID
NJ 00








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-
vannp d ?-fi fi (r?~l\


















Saproxenous







Indifferent




Pools and Ditches







Periphytic













Stenothermal and
Oligothermal




  Geographical  distribution  and additional comments:
  Found in boarder areas between  temperate  and arctic climates  (13).
                                     177
-------
Taxon  MeJosi'ra  distans var. lirata  (Ehr.) Bethge
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



s
3,

— jj—
a
0>
•H
fl
V



c
ii
ti
H





-------
Taxon
       Melosira distans var.  lirata f.  lacustris  (Grim.)  Bethge
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes

a
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
8m
-rt
r
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
eplpelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
3














X


























X
X













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































01 igohal obous




Periphytic or
Tychoplanktonic



 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     179
-------
Taxon Melosira granulata var.  angustissima  Mull.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



X
a

jj
c
-------
Taxon  Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs var. granulata
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes

a
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
1 Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilio
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated
*3-



X

























































i"*-





















X
X






































00



X












X











X
































o~»



X












X












































1—




X












X











X
































CSJ




X

























































CO




X

X




























X
X
X



X




















^J-




X












X












































o









































X











Y















X


































X




















•=f









































X




















UD




x

X








Y,



















X





X




















--




x

X




























X
X

























en















x














































o
























X





































•—
























X





































t

















X























X




















I—









































X




















UD















X



X








































































































Al kal iphilous;
range 6.3-9.0 (7, 27)
optimum 7.9-8.2 (4).
Eutrophic

Indifferent

Oligosaprobic to
Mesosaprobic

Limnophilous

Lakes, Ponds and
Rivers

Euplanktonic




 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21,  24).
                                    181
-------
Taxon  Melosira  granulata  f.  curvata Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



03
0,

il
e
Cl
•H
H
g



c
o
•H
*
rH
(0
K




0)
.0
H
to



£
n
3

*J
4J
A
S
rH
£
c
S


rtj
-H
m

•H
•H
S
Ul
s^
o
m a
en

H
4J
u



OTi—
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X X
halophobous . 	
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophil ic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic X
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated

AT kal iphilous









— Indifferent

















Limnobiontic
































  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      182
-------
TaxonMelosira islandica 0. Mull. var.  islandica
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



a


B
£
i)
i



c
•H
3
*





0)
A
8
ft


4J
C
4)
S
14
fl

jj
-------
Taxon  Melosira italica (Ehr.) Kutz.  var.  italica
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



X
a

c
o
•H
VI
4-1
3
J3



C
0
•H
fl
a*





0)
XI
a
i



c
^
fl

«
4->
XI

H
H
C
o


fl
•H
.0
5

•H
•H
O
8,
w
g ^
O »
2 °
£

%
S
H
8,
S


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent XXX
Alkaliphilous X X XX
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
01 igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent XX X
halophobous x
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent X X
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake x_
Pond X
River X
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other X
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic X
Periphytic X X
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligo thermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
SS^S
















x_
























X
X
















































































































































Alkaliphilous to
Indifferent; range
6.7-8 (4.8) , optimum
not less than 8 (4).






Indifferent to
Halophobous














Indi f ferent





Lakes, Ponds, Rivers
and Ditches






Periphytic to
Tychoplanktonic


















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (24); indifferent to iron concentration (36);  from fairly
  cold, temperate climates (13).
                                     184
-------
Taxon  Melosira italica var.  vain da Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes

a
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
1 Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligo thermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CD
CM








































X




















IT)
ro



X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kal i phi 1 ous






Euplanktonic



 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    185
-------
Taxon   Melosira varians Ag.  var.  varians
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



X
D,

ti
01
•H
ii
£



c
•H
*




Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplank tonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
— OJ






















X






































oo en ^- *± w o






















X







x








y


X


















SSKSS














r r
t l




X


X I



















x_x_




X













«t
ro














X







X


















X



















Ol
m





























































?




















































X
>







ro
«*
















X



X













X


X




X












X
X


X

in
t



'












X




X
X




























X
X








10
*





,








X



X
X










































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27, 43),
optimum about 8.5 (4).
Eutrophic

Indifferent

Beta-Mesosaprobic,
but showing a
great range.
Indifferent





•' Peri phytic



Summer form



Eurythermal and
01i go thermal to
Mesothermal



  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21); euryoxybiontic (26); indifferent to  iron  concentration  (36);
  probably an obligate nitrogen hetertroph (4);  has  an extraordinary  large ecological
  span which on one hand has massive growths in  eutrophic waters  in the  summer  and  on
  the other hand large growths in katharobic water in January  and February (19).
                                     186
-------
Taxon  Meridion  circulare  (Grev.) Ag. var. c i re u 1 a re
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



33


c
•H
i)
3



C
.y
s
«





0)
.Q
S,
rti



c
M
fi

4->
•P
•H
J3
m
K

H
&
c


4J
i!
J3
S
U
«w
O
S,

1s ,;
8 1
flD
(/)

*
jj




X



























X







X























C\J






























X
































10
C\J



X










X










X




X
































1^
OJ



X

X





























>!

f,

























Ol
CO

















X













































m























X







































S























X







































cc














X















X
































CT>
CO

















X













































•a-



X












X














X

























X
X


Y

un
*
















X


























X
X








X









LO
*














X



X














































Al kali phi lous;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27, 43);
optimum around 8 (4) .


Eutrophic



Indifferent









Oligosaprobic












. , n J n-









Periphytic or
Tychopl anktonic








Spri ng form



Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21,  24);  seldom in the  tropics  (24);  calciphilous  (36);  an
indicator of high  oxygen  concentration  (4).
                                    187
-------
Taxon  Microsiphona potamus Weber var. potamus
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes




X
0.

V
B
111
•H
U
9



c
o
•H
*
M





0)
.n
ti
L?



C
tj
f\

V
s
A
&
H





rt
71
3

•H
•H
o
S,
w
24,
fe »
s°
CO

b
5
M
§



Acidobiontic


Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic


Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tyohoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
1







































X


X











5T
5

A
w
A

x





































































































































































































































































































































































































van no 7 0 ft R f Aftl
































Streams







Euplanktonic









Summer and Fall form



Metathermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Widespread in United States,  ranks near Cyclotella  meneghiniana  in  pollution
  tolerance (48).
                                      188
-------
Taxon
         Navicula accomoda Hust.  var.  accomoda
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s Notes



8
ft

c
•H
3
4



C
-H
3
ttl





0)
JQ
I,
&



C
^
g

4-"
4J
A
S
rH
S
c


•4J
n)
4J
•H
XI
IS
a
0
•rt
4-1
O
&

r M
O (fl
s?°
ra

t)
JJ
M
P
r5)


Aoidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
*





x























































L£>
M



X












X


X









































00
C\J



















X
X


















X





















CO
CO































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous




Eutrophic




Indifferent









Polysaprobic^ to
Mespsiprobic






































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Euryoxybiontic  (26);  probably an  obligate  nitrogen  heterotroph  (4).
                                    189
-------
Taxon  Navicula americana Ehr.  var.  americana
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes



X
o.

V
c
HI
•H
i)
3



c
a
fl
a
i




2
A
li
&



c
8
3

4J

«
X
i-l
H
C
o

.p
-------
Taxon   Navicula  amphibola  Cl.var. amphibola
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes

a
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
1 Specific Habitat
ISeasona
1 Dist.
01
*
4J
-------
Taxon  Navicula bacillum Ehr. bacillum
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



a
a,

jj
c
o>
•H
H
JJ
|



C
o
•H
*
Itf
EC




 LO CO
CM CM OJ OJ CO CO


JLX.X. JL
X X









X
x_

XX X
X X







X 1 ,








L
x






y





i














Alkali phi lous to
Indifferent:
F range 6.4-9.0 (8, 21
optimum 7.8-8 (4).

Eutrophic




Indifferent









Saproxenous



















— Periphytic


















—
                                                                                   27).
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21, 24).
                                      192
-------
Taxon   Navicula biconica Patr. var. biconica
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes



s


c
•H
•M
^



C
•H
O
IB
EC




01
A
n
C8


4->
C
0)
lH
^
?,

4->
(8
4J
•H
3
ai
H

H1
^l


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilio
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
»


X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent



























































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Soft water form (38).
                                    193
-------
Taxon
         Navicula canal is Patr. var. canal is
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes

S,

c
0)
-H
iJ
z



c
•H
A
O
.8
X




Saprobier
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Aciciobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobcus
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurvthermal
Undesignated

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































  Geographical distribution  and  additional comments:
  Seems to prefer water of low mineral  content  (38).
                                     194
-------
Taxon  Navicula capitata var. hungarica (Grim.) Ross
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



s


c
•H
•P
2



c
•H
•3

a




-1)
XI
S
ra



C
0)
n
fl

ti
4-1
•H
fl
X
H
10
ll



4J
4J
A
18
X
0
»M
0
a

? .;
O M
S"
w
0)
tl
-p
id
u
0)
ft
EH


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
- Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplank tonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Eu thermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated




X












X












































<-



X












X













X






























CM



X

























































—



X












X

























X


















kQ



X












X






X





































-























X





































^~















X













































CT1















X













































m o
<& *t




X











X X













X
























x
x


x


















































j








































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 43),
optimum about 8 (4) .







Indifferent









01 igosaprobic



















Peri phyti c













Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 24); mesooxybiontic (26); seems to tolerate a great
variety of water conditions (38).
                                   195
-------
Taxon   Navicula confervacea (Kutz.)  Grun.  var.  confervacea
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



X
a

c
*H
rf



c
.y
•§





c
ill
Saprob:
Current
General Habitat
m
-H
1
o
•rl
*M
•H
O
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Ac idophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
a-



x

























































™


X
X


















r
i.






































CO
CO






































X
X


X.
































































































































































































































































































































1



























































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous to
Indifferent;
range 5-8.4 (21).
optimum about 8.4 (4)

Indifferent

Beta-Mesosaprobi c


Aerophilous in
shal low water
Periphytic











  Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
                                     196
-------
Taxon Navicula contenta Grun. var. contenta
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



ffi
Q*

c
•rH
JJ
£



C
•H
3
id





4)
.Q
2
td



c
^
fl

4-)
fti
+J
-H
^
X
rH
(Q
H
-------
Taxon  Navicilia contenta f. biceps Arn.
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



ffi
&

c
•H
-p
2



c
•H
•01
id





1)
a
ti
a



ti
u
g

4-J
4-1
A
W
,-1
2
C
o

4->
rd
•H
-Q
nj
£

•H
1-1
•H
O
S,
C/l

C 4J
O W
nJ O
W

in
4J
U
a
r^


Acidobiontic
ftcidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dvstroohic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
tlesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilcus
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
O CM


.1.


























































i — VO
C\J CM






































JL































i





























{_
{_



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkal iphilous








Indifferent























Aerophi lous ;
often associated with
moss (oo).
























  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24); polyoxybiontic (26).
                                      198
-------
Taxon   Navicula contenta  f.  parallela  Peterson
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes

s
Oi
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
| Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychopla nkto nic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
c\



X

























































O"



X

























































£














X























X






















<£
c^



X












X





















X


















































































































































|


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—




































Alkali phi lous

Indifferent



Aerophilous



 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21); polyoxybiontic (26).
                                    199
-------
Taxon  Nayicula cryptocephala Kutz. var. cryptocephala
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes

a
a,

c
 0 r-*f 01



X X X X










JL

X X X X












X i































X)
NJ





































"V.
•\J



X

































r




































n
•n






















X























°o






















X










































«d-
co
















X















































Lf)
ro



X
























































CO
n













r
A



















X

X


X





















ro
t

















i











X

























X
y


X

in
*3-










—




X




X
X




























X

Y







10
«•















X

X









-
































Al kal iphi 1 ous *
range 5.4-9.0 (8, 27, 43),
optimum around 8 (4).
Eutrophi c

Indifferent

Beta-Mesosaprobi c ,
but tolerant of a
broad saprobien
spectrum.
Indifferent

Lakes, Rivers
and Bogs


Spring, Summer and
Fall


Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal


,
  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21,  24);  euryoxybiontic  (26); calcium indifferent (36).
                                     200
-------
Taxon  Navicula cryptocephala var. intermedia Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



8.


c
•r\
•P
z



g
•H
•o1
£





HI
la
S
*



£
S

?,

^
10
JJ
•H
ft
X
H
i-l
c
o

V
$
•H
.h
3
u
•H
»W
0
Qt

S.
80)
•H
2Q
W

t)
*!
S
n1
S


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
fleso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobou s
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous


Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated
-























X





























X








n


















X











































^j-











X


















































00



X












X














X






























01



X












X













































0



X












X

















































X












X














X






























CM



X


























































rr>



x


























































*3-



x












X













































(a
CJ



y












X













































1^
C\J



X

X





























X
X






x


















s















X



























X













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.2-9.0 (8, 27)



Eutrophic




Indifferent






















Lakes and Ponds







Periphytic









Summer form









 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Euryoxybiontic  (26).
                                   201
-------
TaxonNavicula cryptocephala var.  veneta  (Kutz.)  Rabh.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes


5


c
•H
JJ
i



C!
-H
S
tO
!B
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
m


















X










































CO



X












X

X












X





























01
















X












































-



x












X














X





























•\J





























































•o





























































cf
















X












































o
-\J











y
A

















































NJ





































X
X






















£>
\
















\












































M


































X
X



&\
"M















X



























































*
•*-»











X



X


























X



CO
m











X




























































































































































































































































































































































































—



















































Alkal iphilous;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27)
Eutrophic

Indifferent to
Mesohalobous;
apparently
Euryhalobous


Rheobiontic

Spri njjs , Streams ,
Aerophilous, Lakes
and Ponds

Periphytic








  Geographical  distribution  and additional comments:
  Euryoxybiontic (26).
                                    202
-------
Taxon  Navicula  cuspidata  var. ambigua  (Ehr.) Cl.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes

E
a
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Currer.*;
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
AlValiphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
I.imnobiontic
Limnophilous
Inaifferent
Rh?ophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
00



X












X













X






























,_



X












X












































c^



X

























































Jj



X

























































^t



X












X












































c^



X












X

























X


















tO
c^



X












X












































01
cv














X














































«*
on



X












X

























X


















IT)
*3-



X












X





X






























Y







to
sj-
















x


































































I








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-
































Al kali phi lous;
range 6.5-8.2 (8),
optimum 7.4 (45).

Indifferent

Beta-Mesosaprobi c

Rheophilous


Peri phyti c

Fal 1 maximum


 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24); calcium indifferent (36);  euryoxybiontic  (26).
                                    203
-------
Taxon Navicula cuspidata (Kcitz.) KCftz.  var.  cuspidata
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



as


c
•r-\
-M




c
•iH
•s
•a




c
0)
,Q
^
(0



£
V-4
,d,

•P
(TJ
4->
+1
tc
I-*
S
c
0

4->
rd
4J
•H
J3




x
























































_
00














X













































_
10
















X












































































































Alkal iphilous;
range 6.3-9.0 (2, 8, 27) ,
optimum 8.3-8.6 (4) .



Eutrophic












Beta-Mesosaprobic







Indi fferent




Lakes and Ponds








Periphytic


















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21,   24); euryoxybiontic  (26).
                                     204
-------
Taxon  Navicula cuspidata var.  heribaudii  Per.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



s
Q,

JJ
c
0)
•H
i-l
.p
^



C
o
•H
A
O
iH
iD
X




.]>
.a
ii
ft
Id



C
^
3

4->
4-1
XJ
X
,-s
^
c
u


rt
•iH
nJ

-rl
•H
f!,
to
S.
o w
s °
CO

%
3
n
p
§


Aciclobiontic
Aoidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Eur yha lobou s
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplank tonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
C\J i—
i — C\J



JLJL












( X




















































































































































































































t



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kal iphilous








































Periphytic


















  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21).
                                     205
-------
Taxon  Navicula decussis 0str. var. decussis
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



%


c
•H
JJ




C
•H
O
itf





0)
ja
2
(•3



C
H
fl

4J

3
ffi
•H
A}


O

-p
-------
Taxon  Navicula elginensis (Greg.)  Ralfs  var.  elginensis
                                Beferences
                                                             Concensus & Notes
<=f CO



ft

	 JT—
C
0)
U
3



C
0
fl
r-4
18
X

Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
S*
2 2
g°
in
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent _. 	
Alkaliphilous X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic i
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range X
Oligohalobous X
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated





1
























i











!






























- —


















































Alkaliphilous;
optimum 7.5-7.8 (4)

Oligohalobous to
Beta-Mesohalobous





















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      207
-------
Taxon  Navicula exigua  var.  capitata  Patr.
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



ffl


c
•H
JJ
P



c
°

•8
id





01
XI
rv
"



4J
C
*H
JH
tf

4J
m
+J
•H
it
£
rH
flj
M
Q>
C
OJ
o

4J
fU
4J
XI
EC
U
-H
t|-t
U
O,

-------
Taxon   Navicula exigua Greg, ex. Grim, var.  exigua
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



ffi
ft

4J
C
0)
•t-i
Vj
4J
£



e
0
'H
*
l-l
-------
Taxon    Navicula gastrum  (Ehr.) Kutz. var. gastrum
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



ffi


c
*H
i)
g!



e
•H
0
id





OJ
ja
n
(0


4J
C
0)
IM
VH
3
u

4J
ffl
-P
•H
•a
a
rH
(0
fc

C\J


X













X
X







X



































:\j



Y

























































ot
C\J
















X












































CO


























X


































S
















X

























X


















r


Y


























































CO 10
ro ^













Y
Y Y










































j



























































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 6.4-8.0 (8, 27)
optimum around 8 (4).







Indifferent









Saprophobic, to
Saproxenous






Limnoprnlous































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan  (21, 24).
                                   210
-------
Taxon  Navicula halophila (Grun.)  C1.  var.  halophila
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes
|*± 00 & 0 CM

33
B,

jj
c
-------
Taxon   Navicula  Integra  (W.Sm.) Ralfs var. Integra
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes




a

c
•H
4-J
i



c
•H
•61
OS





0)
A
2
rt


-M
C
H
^
rt

•P
«J
-P
•H
^
fO
K
.H
rtJ
H
(U
C
-------
Taxon   Navicula jaernefeltii  Hust.  var.  jaernefeltii
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



so
a

•jj
c
-------
Taxon  Navicula lanceolata (Ag.) Kutz.  var.  lanceolata
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes

X
ft
Nutrien*
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
I
| Specific Habitat
tiasona
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Ac idophi lo us
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha ranqe
beta ranqe
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobcus
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha ranqe
beta ranqe
Oiigosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
RJieobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Sprinq and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Sprinq
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•a-





























































CO
















>











X
































0!
















X












































-
















Y











X
































C\J





























































*



y












Y












































o
OJ













Y
y














































C\J
















Y

























Y


















l£)
OJ



Y












Y












i^
CM



Y

Y



























































X
y

























CO
CO













Y
Y































































j
I
1









,





















































































































i












~^

































































,



























































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.3-9.0 (8, 27),
optimum about 8 (4).
Eutrophic
Indifferent

Limnophilous


Periphytic


 Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21); seems to prefer water of high mineral  content (38).
                                    214
-------
Taxon   Navicula luzonensis Must.  var.  luzonensis
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



%


G
•H
-P
§



c
-H
o
u





0
A

id



C
CD
iH
iH
3
o

-P
nl
•P
•H
XI
rfl
ffi
•H
t«
iil
c


-P
(fl
•P
ja
10
s
o
•n
U
s,

Is ,;
8 CO
rt Q
w
-------
Taxon  Navicula minima Grun.  var.  minima
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



X
ft

•(-"
c
IV
•rt
14
4->
#



C
•H
fl
.0
X




a)
a
a
(C



c
M
g

4J
4J
•3
ffi
H
8
c
0


nj
•H
?

•r-4
•H
(1)
04
w
g o
0 01
s °
w

M
4*
^1
D.


•3- 00 . — CO CO *3- L—
Aciclobior.tic
Acidophilous
Indifferent X
Alkaliphilous XX X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligctrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent XX X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent X X
Rh?ophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Sprinq
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Ondesignated
1*^3 ^ ^ M
CM ^j po ro



rrx

X










X i






X








1


"iX ^

X




X _ i .


"





































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kal ipni lous ;
range 6.2-9.0 (8, 2
optimum 7.5-8 (4) .


Eutrophic



. ££

















Indi f ferent




Ponds, Springs
and Streams






Periphytic;
especially among
fallen leaves (27)

















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21); tolerant of oxygen poor water (4);  calcium  indifferent  (36).
                                     216
-------
      Navicula mutica Ktltz. var. mutica
                             References
                                                           Concensus £ Notes




5

— jx—
 I — UD ^1- CO LT) V£)
J 00 CVJ CO CO «d- ^J-



E x x t


i 4
- it - 4
4
'T A
.
'xx _p|
1 	 t
r
IE L —

X LL.

1.JL









_1 	 u
ith — 4-





. 	
x -4-
L^:% ..
\

"T" X
jx x ~T~
1



—4—
^JT
X

_j_. ._
1
I 	 X.
i.
~IL • ,







Indifferent to
Al kal iphilous;
range 6.5-8.5 (4, 8) ,
optimum 7.5 (45)i_8.5 (4)






Halophilous to
Indifferent















Indifferent





















— Fall maximum









Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 24); mesoxybiontic (26);  characteristic of oxygen   rich
waters (4).
                                     217
-------
 Taxon     Navicula mutica var. stigma Patr.
                                 References
                                                               Concensus & Notes


z
a
Wutrien

c
o
-H
,Q
0
i3
K


C
•H

a
to


C
-------
Taxon  Navicula mutica var. tropica Hust.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



ffi
ft

— T1 —
C
O
•H
M
4J




C
O
•rH
*
H
id
ffi




a)
A
K
-------
Taxon    Navicula  notha  Wallace  var.  notha
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes




a

c
•H
•M
K



C
-H
•s
a





-------
Taxon    Na
           vicula  oblonga  (Kutz.)  Kcttz-  var.  oblonga
                                References
                                                              Concensus s  Notes
mutriend pH
c
o
•rH
•8
H
id
X
C
 r^ a
^W r-l-lCVJCSJCMCVJCMCN
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous i
Indifferent . 	
Alkaliphilous X X X X X X.X
Alkalibiontic X
Eutrophic X
Mesotrophic 	 i
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic i
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
alpha range i
beta range X (
Oligohalobous X ( i X _^_
halophilous X_
indifferent X A X JL
halophobous
Euryhalobous 	 	
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous X
Saprophobic 	
Limnobiontic |
Limnophilous j
Indifferent XX L
Bheophilous 1
Rheobiontic _! 	
Marine 1
Estuary I
Lake X
Pond X.
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous i
Other L
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic X_
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic

attached

Spring
Summer
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^ IO 00 CTl U3 I
j ro ro ro «d-
	 Alkaliphilous;
	 range 5.7-9.0 (8, 27, 36),
__ 	 1— optimum 8.3-8.7 (4).
	 1 	 Eutrophic
	 	 Indifferent;
	 	 	 but not frequently (4).
X
~|!LX-
. 	 jj_
	 1 	 1 	 	 Saproxenous
	 1 -
	 	 	 Indifferent
Lakes and Ponds
i 	 i
-| 	
Periphytic
i

i
1



-1 — : 	 [-
-4— -1—1—






    Geographical distribution and additional comments:
    Cosmopolitan (21, 24); calcium indifferent (36);  seems to prefer water of high

    mineral content (38).
                                         221
-------
Taxon	Navicula  pelliculosa  (Bre"b.  ex.  Ktttz.)  Hilse var.  pelliculosa
                                References
                                                              Concensus £ Notes




Q,

c
•H
4J
z



c
•H
•s
111





Q)
.O

s


4J
C
M
H
R

+J
(0
+J
•^
•a
re
f-j
rt
^
1

o

u
nj
4J
J3
S
o
•H
"H
0
a

7TT
C jj
o tn
s°
w

V4
4J
M
a,
r1)


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophio
Meso trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Liranophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^i-



X

























































en





























































0







































X





















—



X












X






X





































U3



X












X






X





































r-<.

X
X


























































cr>














X














































CO
ro














X
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 5.5-8.0 (4, 27),
optimum around 8 (4).







Indifferent









01 igosaprobic







































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Seems  to  prefer  water  of  high mineral  content  (38).
                                    222
-------
Taxon     Navicilia peregrina (Ehr.) Kutz. var. peregrina
                                References
                                                              Concensus £ Notes
                                                               Alkaliphilous;
                                                               range  6.8-7.9  (8)
     Geographical distribution and additional comments:
     Seems to prefer water of high mineral content (38).
                                         223
-------
Taxon   Navicula pseudoscutiformis Must. var. pseudoscutiformis
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes

§,
Nutrien*
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
I Specific Habitat
Seasona]
]_ Dist.
Temperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrojphic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Kheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^






















X






































o


X













X












































OJ


X


























































m


x


























































^o
C\J


X













X








X



































r^
CM


X


























































LO
ro


x





CO
F~>




































































X







































Y




vo
*3-
















X














































































































































































































-














































































































































































































































































































-
















































































_












































































-
































Indifferent:
range 5.9-7.5 (27)

Indifferent

Sapj-qxenpus to
Beta-Mesosaprobic





01 igotherinal
 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Sometimes found in  water of high  mineral content  (38).
                                    224
-------
Taxon    Navicula pupula Kutz. var. pupula
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



ffi
a

c
•H
i
§.



e
-H
•s
(0





-------
Taxon  Navicula pupula var. capitata Skv. and Meyer
                                References
                                                             concensus & Notes
co cr> o i— CNJ eo *i-


X


c
0)
•H
H
£



c
•H
o
.a



Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent X X X X X X
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutroohic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X X X X X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent X X
Bheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^1 CM CM ro


XXX


r










V V










1
1 	






x



- - i 	 '• •
1
1 "' '




1
1 — 1—






1
._ I _






,,_,. TJL M f f JL W11"L t «





.



• — "~~ T n rl i f f P VP n 1"

















Indifferent




Ponds



























  Geographical distribution ancL^tiona! consents:
               (21); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                      226
-------
Taxon    Navicula pupula var.   rectangularis (Greg.)  Grim.
                                References
                                                              Concensus s  Notes



%


c
•H
i!
i



c
-H
•8
•3





•1)
jQ
0,
10



a
M
tf

•P

4->
•H
A
m
a:
o
•H
>H
0
#

Is ,;
S °i
IS"
w
0)
s«
JJ
rtj
m
K1
s
H


flcidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibxontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprqghobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhpophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary


Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
^pipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Ondesignated
oo


X













X












X
































CTI


X













X













































o


X













X













































-


X













X












X
































CM


X



























































fO


X



























































«5f


X













x













































xi
















x













































ID
C\J


X













x













































NJ


X


X






























Y

























*
ro
















x


























X


















CO
ro





















































































































1


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 6.2-8.2 (8, 27)



Eutrophic




Indifferent
















- £ £

































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21); seems to prefer water of higher mineral  content than the
nominate variety and  has been found in salt bogs (38); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                    227
-------
      NavicuU pygmaea Kutz.  var.  pygmaea
                               References
                                                             Concensus  &  Notes
                                                             Alkalibiontic to
                                                             AT kaliphilous
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
   alpha  range
 Oligohalobous
                                                               Mesosaprobic?
                                                               sometimes in polluted
                                                               water (38).
   beta range
  Oligosaprobic
  Saprophilic
  Saproxenous
  Elaprophobic
  Limnobiontic
  Limnophilous
  Indifferent
  Rheophilous
  Rheobiontic
  Marine
   Rerophilous
   Other
   Euplanktonic
   Tychoplanktonic
        ipelic
        ilithic
      enidendric
        izooic
      epiphytic
      attached
      unattached
     Geographical distribution and additional comments:
     Cosmopolvtan (21); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                         228
-------
Taxon   Navicula radiosa Kutz. var. radiosa
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes

K
O,
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
l)
1 Specific Habitat
Seasona
J Dist.
0)
n
4J
as
H
HI
a
§
EH

Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrqphic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta ranqe
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated
a-

X
X

























































CO


x













X












x






























en



x












x











































O i—


X













X X












X






























cjro^-i — tor^cn —
i — ! — i — CMC\JCMC\jrO

X
, X X X X X
X











X
X X





X
X















i

\ i
X

















Kin cofoi ro
. . ro n n ^>

Indifferent;
XX X range 4.3-9.0 (8, 21 , 27
43) , optimum 6.5-7 (4).







Indifferent


X

X X 1.JL




Oligosaprobic to
Beta-Mesosaprobic






y ~~r— Indifferent





H

• ' • • i



n
_ 	 p 	 . Periphytic










1

y

	 Mesothermal
Y

Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 24); calcium indifferent (36).
                                   229
-------
Taxon
        Navicula  radiosa  var.  tenella  (Breb. ex.  Kutz.) Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S  Notes



x
a

	 IP—
c
0)
M
3



c
1
*
r-l
w




-4
4J
1-1
Qi
Lfo

i— CTl •* 1^. CO
, — , — co ro ro
Acidobiontic
Ac idophi lo us ,
ndifferent X !
Alkaliphilous X fl
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
D .'strophic
Polyhalobous j
Euhalobous i 	
Mesohalobous X
alpha range
beta range 1
Oligohalobous ( X
halophilous
indifferent XX X
halophobous
Euryhalobcus
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic .
alpha range
beta range _j 	
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous i
Sapr ophob ic
Limnobiontic i
Limnophilous i
Indifferent _X i
Fheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other 1
Euplank tonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic X X
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooxc
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated



Indifferent to
Alkaliphilous






' Indifferent
,_









.


. 	 h _^ 	 ,




i Indifferent






























1 .11 1 1 II 1 1 	 — 	
   Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
   Cosmopolitan, (21,  23).
                                      230
-------
Taxon  Navicilia reinhardtii  (Grun.)  Grun.  var.  reinhardtii
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes



ffi


c
•H
-P
S




C
•H
O
id





0)
J3
2
nJ



C
^
r^

•P
m
•P
•a
ffi
M
itt
k
Q)
0)
0

4J
«
4J
5
<3
S
0
H
3
4J
IU
U
-------
     Navicula rhynchocephala Kutz.  var.  rhynchocephala
                             References
                                                           Concensus & Notes



X
a,

— n —
c
o
•M
14
•u
$



c
$
*
l-l
id
tc





4J
44
X
rH
H
C
o


nl
•H
-------
Taxon  Navicula scutelloides  W.  Stn.  ex.  Greg.  var.  scutelloides
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes

S
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Bh?ophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•3-



X






























X







X


















00




X











X










X

































•3




X











X










X

































^-




X











X












































o
CM


































X


























C\J


X
X










X



















X







X


















^h
OJ


































X


























tD
C\J




X











X








X

X

































X)




X
X






















00
CO














X



















X
X






X


















































C7»
CO
















X






















5±


































X









X





























LT)
^f
















X





























<£>
*i-














X




































—]




\—





































































l



























































































































































































































































































































Alkalibiontic;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27) ,
optimum not over 8 (4)
Eutrophic
Indifferent

Saproxenous


Lakes

Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 23, 24); however less abundant  in the tropics  (24).
                                    233
-------
Taxon   Navicula  seminulum  var.  hustedtii  Patr.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



x
u

c
a)
•H
u
41
2



C
o
-H
42
O
id





•u
A
^
 Q
0)

tj
s
t-l
§•
r^

CO
ro
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous X
Indifferent
Alkal iphi lous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
D~'strophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igoha lobou s
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhpcphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated












































































































































































|



































































































































































































































































































































































































Acidophilous



























































  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Found in water low in mineral content, fairly rich in humates (38).
                                      234
-------
Taxon    Navicula seminulurn Grun.  var.  seminulum
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



K
a,

	 IT—
C
»
•r4
H
4J
a


C
o
-rl
fl
It)
X





*
a
£



e
^
3

4J
V
•3
EC
(-1
§
C
0


td
•H
•3

-H
•H
O
S,
in
g „
o1 fc
lfa
»

%
5
H
a
tl


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Pheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
«*-



y
























































XI


X











x













Y































3^















X












































Z> f»-


X X

























































10
C\J


X












X


















































y

1


























X

























"*•»


X

























































X)
~l~l












1
V
\
















































































































































































































1






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 5.4-8.4 (2, 27),
optimum about 8.4 (4).



01 igotrophic to
Eutropjvk^
Indifferent to
Beta-Mesohalobous
















Indifferent




Ponds



























 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Probably Cosmopolitan but seldom seen in the tropics (24); a facultative
 nitrogen heterotroph that tolerates low oxygen  concentration (4);
 mesooxybiontic (26).
                                     235
-------
Taxon Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (V.H.) Patr.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



E
a.

c
a)
-H
1.1
JJ
£



c
o
•H
*
Itt





1)
.a
a
«



c
n
3

4J
4-1
.0
S
H
K
C



n
•H
•3

•rt
•H
S*
W
S*
o »
So
W

M
5
U
a



Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
D-'Strophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Eheophilous
Rheobiontio
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Othsr
Euplank tonic
Tychoplank tonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
XI
^o






































































































' i
























































































































































































































































































01 igohalobous

















































  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Seems to prefer water of fairly high mineral content (38).
                                      236
-------
Taxon  Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Mull.) Bory var. tripunctata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



a:
a

— 3T—
c
01
•H
U
4J
£



C
.y
*
rH
13






•NJ



X












X






X





X































\J


































X
X






X


















CJ1
eg
















X

X































'










CO
ro














y
A














































ro
«3-



X












X













X
























X
X


X

ID
«3-














X



X











































































































































































































































































































































































.









01 i gosaprobi c







Rheophilous




Lakes and Ponds







Periphytic













Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (24).
                                     237
-------
Taxon
       Navicula viridula var.  avenacea (Bre"b.  ex.  Grun.) V.H.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes



X
a

c
*H
n
.w
§



c
o
•H
3
IB





<1)
.0.
H
£



c
i4
fl

jj
4J
.Q

rH
H
C
O

4J
flj
4-1
•H
Is

-H
•H
O
0}
&
W
g .p
O M
S D
0)

V4
5
K
?
ff

ro o CM
Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
01 igo trophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous X
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous X
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Sheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
DO CO
m ^t-























































X
X


X









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.9-8.2 (43).







01 igohalobous ,
Indifferent to
Halophilous















Rheophi 1 ous


























Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal



  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                     238
-------
Taxon  Navicula viridula (Katz.) Kutz.  emend.  V.H.,  var.  viridula
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes




ft

c
0
-H
(-1
4J
3


C
O
•H
XI
o
H
EC




a
.Q
y
a
IS



n
SM
3

4J
4-'
a
IE
r-i
k
c
o


5
•H
S

•H
•H
0)
to
S *j
s
rO Q
W

M
*>
14
tt
§

i— «f CO |0 .—
Scifiobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent 	 ,
Alkaliphilous X X X X X
Alkalibiont"5 c
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
D-'Strophic
Polyhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X X X X
halophobous
Eur yha lobou s
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic X
Sarrophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Phpcphilous X X
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other I
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer j(
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
j^i-Oi— Lor^o->>a-ooo-i
-i — C\JCMC\JC\JC\JCOCOCO


X
X _|X X X X

, JL.




X


X XXX

XXX X

X _.









r





X
JT JL






X , X _




! 	 ,









i



LO
«a-















X

X


,x_
A




1













JL.
X













































r

































































































Al kal iphilous ;
range 5.5-9.0 (8, 21,27),
optimum 7.5 (4, 21 ).

Eutrophic


Indifferent















,.






LakGS and Ponds







Periphytic









Summer form









  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                        239
-------
Taxon
       Navicula zanoni Hust. var. zanoni
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



as
D.

C
•H
H
\-
#



a
•H
A
o
5





OJ
,Q
K
id



c
1-4
P

4->
•M
/J
K
i-l
i-i
C
u


rd
4J
•^^
nj

•H
in
-H
O
(U
G*
CO
(0 •
O W
rtJ Q
CO

M
5
i-l
c
0)


ftciciobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkalighilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
MesotropKic
Olicrctrophic
Dystroohic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Ehpophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
eS-































































































































































































































































































































































i





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kali phi lous;
range 7.5-8 (4).


























































  Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
                                     240
-------
Taxon   Neidium affine (Ehr.)  Pfitz.  var.  affine
                                References
                                                              Concensus £  Notes



33
&

	 J3 —
C
0)
•r4
ft
3



C
0
•H
*
("1
iQ
K





-P
•9
K
--i
s
c
s


n3
•H
n
3

•H
•H
(j
?!
to
-jq
S ,
o w
•9 Q
w

^
ii
1!!
&
§

^j- co en CM co i — un
t— •— -— cu n
?cidobiontic
Acidophilous
Alkaliphilous X XX
Alkal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous X
halophilous
indi f f erent ', X X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Sapr oxe nous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Pheophilous (
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic '
Tychoplanktonic 1
Periphytic
epipelio
epilithlc
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
ft- -^

._! 	 1 	



























	















i
i


_.. |,_
•



_j 	

1
i













	 L
















































































































Alkal iphilous ;
range 5.5-8.3 (8, 21)
























Rheophi 1 ous
































  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21. 23, 24).
                                     241
-------
Taxon
         Neidium binode (Ehr.) Must. var. binode
                                References
                                                              Concensus & Notes



a
a

c
-H
a
#



c
•H
3
.3
K




<1>
.Q
ii
id
w


C
n
3

4-1
4-1
X)
ft
H
k
B
O

4J
fl
•H
rtJ

•H
•H
O
X,
10
g ,J
O 10
« 0
CO

Vj
•p
Jj
g1
§


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
D-'strophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eury thermal
Undesignated
^ in CT^

X















v
A










A
































tD CO
oj n























X X













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indi f ferent








Halophobous to
Indifferent








Oligosaprobic








Limnophilous































  Geographical distribution and  additional comments:
                                     242
-------
Taxon  Neidium bisulcatum  (Lagerst.) C1. var. bisulcatum
                                References
                                                              Concensus s  Notes



s:
ft

	 JT—
c
•S
M
2



B
.y
*
H
III
X




0)
.0
a
to



e
£
g


B
3
•8
S
r-1
§
§
S


F-
•H
S

•H
-H
a,
03
S u
O n
3 °
-------
Taxon   Neidium dubium  (Ehr.)  Cl.  var.  dubium
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes
*3- CO CTl

5


trient
i



c
•H
S
id

Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous x
Indifferent x X
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent X
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipel ic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
— ro *d- ^o
— i— i — CSJ


XXX













1 IX






X





x ~~i











-^
\J




X




































1






































UD
-------
Taxon
        Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl.  var.  iridis
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



EC
a

• --jj
c
0)
•H
M
4J
3



C
o
•H
*
H
it!





<1)
,Q
^i
ifl



C
n
3

4J
4J
•s
s
r-t
2
C!
O


rc»
•r-t
rtJ

-H
-H
U
a>
a
en
« •
o w
RJ Q
CO

M
jj
M
P-
r^


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Eur yha lobou s
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Khpophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^t

x



























































00


X













X
X









X

































01


L














X











































r

















X









X

































esj





























































CO
















X












































•a-


X













X












































NJ


X











X














































IO
oo
















X






X





































M


X


























































CT)
(NJ

















X











































un
00


X


























































CO
ro


X




















X



X






X
X
X


X





















Ol
CO

















X

































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 4. -9.0 (21 , 27) ,
optimum around 6 (4).






Halophobous to
Indifferent
















Limnobi onti c




Lakes, Ponds, Bogs,
and occasional ly
Rivers

























 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21, 24); calcium indifferent (36).
                                     245
-------
Taxon   Nitzschla acicularis W. Sm. var. acicularis
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s Notes



5
ft

c
-H
H
-p




C
•H
•8
H
i3
X
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igoha lobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryha lobou s
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
i



X




































X




















f~





















y
X






































00
















x











X
































^
















x











X
































^





























































01





1








x

























X




















i\j








































X




















r\J



f

x








x







x

















X




















-------
Taxon  Nitzschia amphibia Srun. var.  amphibia
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



I
a.

c
01
-H
a
3
•z.



C.
•H
«
ID





1>
•8
a
B1



c
1^
p

4->
•P
•9
£
rH
S

o

•4J
m
•H
-Q
9
o
•H
•H
0
8,
u?
r n
O ra
SIQ
to

$1
S
V*
0,
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Ol igosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythennal
Undesignated
OJ
















X












































CO













y















































«d-



X
X






X

















































00




X











X












X































o>




x











X












































o



X












X












































-




X











X












X































CM



X

























































ro



X

























































<3-



X.












X












































•NJ














X



















X


X




X


















10



X

























































••••.




X
X




























X
X

























o->














X














































*J-
















X

























X


















o->
















X












































ro



X













X
X










X












X












X
x


Y

LO
















X









































































































































































Alkali phi lous to Alkali-
biontic; range 4.0-9.3
(8, 21 , 27, 43), optimum
slightly over 8.5 (4).


Eutrophic



Indifferent

















Indifferent





Lakes, Ponds and
Streams






Periphytic


















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21, 24); it is at least a facultative nitrogen heterotroph (4);
 mesooxybiontic  (26).
                                    247
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia angustata (W.Sm.) Grim, var. angustata
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



X
a

q
•H
-p
§



c
•H
•a
id





0)
JQ
s
(0



c
n
3

4-1
4.J
A
tc
M
^
c
0

4J
«
-p
•H
XJ
(0
X
o
•H
m
o
OJ
&
w
rt •
O w
ft) Q
en

M
P
V-)
r*
§


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhpophilous
Kheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
c3-



X







X

















































DO



X












X











x
































3



X












X
















































X












X











X
































XJ



X

























































•o


X


























































*


X













X












































.0
M



X












X








X



































M



X

























































CTt
CM














X














































LO
ro



X

























































01
m
















X
































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































range b.4-o.b (o, d//,
optimum around 8.5 (4)





A 'ft

















Limnophi 1 ous
































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (24).
                                     248
-------
Taxon
        Nitzschia apiculata (Greg.) Grun.  var.  apiculata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes

£
Nutrient
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
| Specific Habitat
Seasonal
1 Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
"Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhecphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesieinated
ro













X















































•5f











X

















































CO


X








X


















x






























01











X

















































o



X







X

















































[~~











X

















































CM



X





































<£>
t\J



X







X






X










X


















































Ol
00











X
















01
ro











X

















































































•*











X





























ro
*3-


X








X






































































































































































-





































































































































































































































































































































































































AlkaliphilguA to
Indifferent;
range 6.4-8.2 (8).


Mesohalobous


Rheophilous to
Indifferent





 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Mesooxybiontic (26).
                                    249
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia bacta Must.  var.  bacata
                                References
                                                              Concensus  S  Notes



PC
ft

-JJ
c
a)
•H
kt
4-J
5



c
o
•H
"o
r-l
EC




0)

8




(4

g

p
4J
a
&
rH
H
C
0


3
•H


•H
•H

W
~?H
O

w

w
3
u
a
§


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous ^
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X X
Alkalibiontic
Eutroohic X
Heso trophic
Oliaotrophic
Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Me sohal obous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta ranqe
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake X
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic X
Periphytic X.
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated






























































































































Alkaliphilous to
Acidophilous,
optimum 6.5-7.0 (4


Eutrophic




IndiTTerent





















Lakes








Periphytic or
Tychoplanktonic

















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Tropical Asia and Africa (24).
                                      250
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia capitellata Must.  var.  capitellata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



33
ft

.P
c
.3
u
4J
?!



G
•H
3
^





a)
ja
a
!?



G
^
f>

4J
V
fi
K
M
H
c
0
o

*j
«
4J
•3
X
o
•H
4H
0
D,
W
r i!
S °i
IS °
w

v<
5
M
a
E*


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^>



x

























































o



x











X













































0















X













































^




X











x

























X


















^o
(Nl


Y












X

























X
X


















en
ro















X













































ID
^r















X





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Alkalibiontic; range 7-9.2
(21 , 26), optimum 7.3-7.8
(4).






Halophilous






























Periphytic to
Tychoplanktonic

















 Geographical distribution and  additional comments:
 Found in Europe and tropical   Asia (21,  24)  and Africa  (24);  an  obligate
 nitrogen heterotroph (4); mesooxybiontic  (26).
                                    251
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia  clausii Hantzsch var. clausii
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes


X
a
c
•H
4J


H&lobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhecphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophi.lous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^



X










X














































01





























X












X









X
X







\!













X















































\J



\












X













X






























UD
C>0


X








X

















































UD
^J-
















X























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































i

















































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kal iphilous to
Indifferent; range 6.8-8.2
(20), optimum about 8.2 (4)

Indifferent to
Mesohalobous


Indifferent to



Periphytic
More frequent in
Summer than Fall


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21); mesooxybiontic (26); in water with high concentrations of
 dissolved oxygen (4).
                                      252
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia  closterium  (Ehr.) U.Sm. var. closterium
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



B
a,

j>
c
0)
•H
w
4J
3



C
0
•H
*f
f-t
lj






+)
a
X
i-\
^
S
o


n
-H
«

•H
-H
OJ
GH
to

o w
(0 O
to

M
5
M
?
c^

ro *±
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range X
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine X
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic X
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
— o cri
— CSJ OJ


i








XXX



L
























X




















n
-i-












x




































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al pha-Mesohal obous





























Eupl anktonic



















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     253
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia  communis  Rabh.  var.  communis
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes

so
Q.
Nutrien1-
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
I
Specific Habitat
Seasona
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oiigosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Khpophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•3-



X

























































00




X











X

X










X































en




X











X












































^




X











X












X































\J


X











X














X































UD
CM



X












X












































Ol
CM














X






















CO






















X




























































en
ro
















X











5




















X







~*




































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—
—
—















































Al kal ibiontic to
Al kal iphilous;
range 4.3-8.2 (8, 21
optimum 8 (4).

Indifferent

Beta-Mesosaprobic

Indi f ferent





 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24); an obligate nitrogen heterotroph (4); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                    254
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia denticula Grun.  var.  denticula
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



w
0)

J.l
c .
'H
H
g



C
o
-H
XI
0
o!





a)
XI
a
&



c
u
g

4J
•H
•a
s

E
s
o

JJ
10
Xl
a
o
•H
•H
O
8,
to
? P
o m
19 O
in



8
ft



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphi lous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•a-



X

























































CO


X













X












X































en
















X












































o



X












X

X










































1 —
















X












X































C\J



X

























































*



X












X












































CTl
ou














X














































%



X

























































to
ro




X
























































CTl
ro
















X































































































































































































































































































































































































































_





























































_





























































































































Al kali phi lous ;
range 6.4-8.5 (4, 8) ,
optimum 8 2-8 5 (4).







Indifferent

















Indifferent
































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 In water with high oxygen concentration  (4).
                                     255
-------
Taxon  NJtzschia dissipata  (Kutz.)  Grun.  var. dissipata
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes


s

c
•H
M
4J
t



B
$
•a
«1

Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphi lous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
*



[

























































r^





























































CO




x











X













X






























en




x











X













X






























, 	




x











X












































ro





























































•3\



X
X









X















X






•NJ



X










X





























X


















X


















•=i-
CM




























vr>
oo



X












X











I





























































^J


































X
X


a\
C\J














X























1


































CO














































irj
m



X






























































01
m
















X
















































n
^t




X












X












X











X












X
Y


y

UD
•3-
















X




































































































































































































-































Al kaliphilous to
Al kalibiontic;
range 5.5-9.0 (8, 27, 43),
optimum about 8 (4)
Eutrophic

Indifferent


Rheophilous
Lakes and Ponds

Periphytic

Eurythermal and
OligothermaTl to


  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan  (21,  24);  in water  with  high oxygen  concentration  (4);
  mesooxybiontic (26).
                                        256
-------
Taxon    Nitzschia elliptica Must.  var. elliptica
                                References
                                                              Concensus £  Notes



s
0.

4J
c
<1>
•H
H
4J
s



c
o
•H
fl
id
K




<1>
XI
a
rd



c
p
3

^
+J
A
s
•-(
M
c
0


fl
•H
m

•H
in
•H
u
0)
o,
w
s,-
0 «
« Q
(0

S|
5
M
^
r^


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
=3-











X












































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































.




























































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Often found in carbonate or sulfate rich water, can withstand oxygen
 depleted water (4).
                                     257
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia filiformis (W. Sm.) Must. var. filifomris
                               References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



»


c;
-r-l
•P
*



c
•H
3
1i





o
A
a
«



/-*
1H
g

JJ
4'
%
X
H
£

(5

•P
(d
4J
•H
.a
$

•H
m
•H
O
a-
&
CO
id •
O tt
SO
CO

t!
3
£
r1
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligptrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Hesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•st











X

















































00











X

















































01









































































X

















































s











A






1
A










































UD
CM


[








A






[





i
\




































UD
^J-











i






k


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent









Mesohalobous








.








































 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Probably Cosmopolitan  (24);  not  fully autotrophic (4); euryoxybiontic (26).
                                    258
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia fonticola Grun.  var.  fonticola
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes

s
a)
H,- lobion
Saprobien
Current
a
•rt
1
H
W
1)
C
(U
0
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkal ibiontic
Latrophic
Meso trophic
OligotroDhic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epldendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CM























X





































•=*



X
X
























































>--





















X







































CO



X

























X































o




X

























































I—




X

























X































CM




X


































CO





X










































































CT1
























1—




X






















!















X






















X



X
X


















>o





X

































r-




X

X




























X
x















1

























<=r











































x



in





X

















































1












Cft
































































































































































































































































































































—


















































Alkaliphilous to
9.0 (8, 21 , 27),
optimum 8,2-8.6 (4).
Eutrophic

Mesosaprobic to
Oligosaprobic
Indifferent

Lakes, Ponds,
Springs and Streams

Periphytic



 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    259
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia frustulum Kutz. var. frustulum
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes

X
ft
Nutrient
Hr> lobion
r;
C)
— t
J.i
8
a,
t'j
VI
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Meso thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
m










x


















































**





x





X




























x




















CO



X












X

X








x

































0



X












X












































-



X












X










x

































C\J



X

























































ro



X











X





















*3-



X











X






























































o
C\J











X


X








C\J



x











X










!





,
























































LQ
CM



X











X



















r^.
OJ


x










































































Ol
C\J
















X

X























s















X

























x
' X












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LCt
n



X





























































01
ro
















X











































U3
^d-















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x
















































































































































































-


















































Al kali phi lous;
range 6.2-8.6 (8, 21 , 27)
Eutrophic
Halophilous to
Indifferent and
apparently
Euryhalobous

Limnobiontic


Euplanktonic ,
Tychoplanktonic
and Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21,  24);  seems  to  be  an  obligate  nitrogen  heterotroph  (4);
 mesooxybiontic  (26).
                                     260
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia holsatica Must.  var.  holsatica
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes

S
Nutrien:
H,- lobion
Saprobien
Current
3
/]
10
X
r4
a
H
-------
Taxon '  Nitzschia hungarica Grun.  var.  hungarica
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes

a
a,
Nutrient
Hr lobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
I Temperature
Acidcbiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eu trophic
Mesotropjiic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
' alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic '
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^-











X

















































CO











X


















X






























j»















X













































o
C\]













X
X














































NJ











X



X













































•a-
C\J





























































-0
C\J



X









X

X













X







Jl
C\J











X






















ti-
ro












X


X









:r>
ro











X




















1




















































X














































=3-















X





















m
«!•




X










X
























1

































t£>
"3-











X






X

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.5-8.2 (8).


Halophilous

Indifferent to
Rheophilous

Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24); withstands oxygen depleted waters  (4);  mesooxybiontic  (26).
                                     262
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia  kutzingiana Hilse var.  Kutzingiana
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S  Notes



as
o,

c
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia lacunarum Hust.  var.  lacunarum
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



K


C
•H
-P
S3



C
•H
o






O
.TI
2
us




S-l


4J
,)
/J
^
rH
H
c
t^

4->
ni
4J
•H
XJ
(3
X

•H
«n
•H
U
^

(d •
o w
rtl O
W

M
+J
^
0.



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophi lous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Sapjrophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^3-











X

















































o
C\J











X



X





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Mesohalobous to
Hal ophi 1 ous
















































 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Also in carbonate-rich waters (4).
                                    264
-------
Taxon Nitzschia linearis (W.Sm.) var.  linearis
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes

s
Nutrien :
HP lobion
c
o
- H
ft
2
Oi
ra
tl
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasona]
1 Dist.
remperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
-










































X









X








«a-



X

























































CO



X












X














X





























Ch



X












X












































o



X












X












































^



X












X














X





























CXJ



X

































01



X



























X










!


































o
C\J























C\J














X














X







X



























x























in
CM



X












X














X





r^.
C\J



X

X





























x

~l









,


























01
CM














X




























ro























X






























1












*
ro














X


X



















X




x


















ro
^i-



X



























X





X

















X
51


Y


























































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27, 43),
optimum around 7.8 (4).
Eutrophic

Indifferent

Oligosaprobic

Rheobiontic

Springs and Streams
"crenophi 1 ous11
Peri phytic

Summer form

Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesothermal

 Geographical  distribution  and  additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21, 24); a truly autotrophic species living  only  in  oxygen  rich
 water (4); mesooxybiontic  (26); from a polluted crustose community (1).
                                      265
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia  linearis var.   tenuis  (W.Sm.} Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



K
Q<

C
•r4
+J
-



C
•H
O






d)
XJ
s
ro



C
£
fl

JJ
4)
J.)

•H
M
C



ri
•H
J3
«J
K
u
•H
0
S,
w
id •
O CQ
S Q
«

t)
5
s
04
i


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohal obous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
\














)(




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































01 igohalobous

















































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    266
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia lorenziana Grun. var. lorenziana
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



P3


q
-H
4J
g



c
•H
3






c.)
JU
z
%
tn


e
k
g

•p
•P
•a
tu
H


15

V
n
•H
J3
5

•H
4H
O
a

? M
S °i
m O
^

H
-P
H




Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Lirnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplank tonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^d-











X




















X









X














































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Marine







Periphytic



















 Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
                                    267
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia microcephala Grun.  var.  microcephala
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



K
ft

c
•H
-P
2



C
-H
•a
r





o
,;,
^
nj






3

.p
4)
.1]
E
rH
is
c
f3


tO
-p
•H
,Q
fd
X

•H
m
-H
U
QJ
a
to
? ii
O M
« O
W

i-l
4J
h
a



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphi lous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous


Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphyjtic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
^*



X


























































CO



X











X













y
































CTi



X











X














































~




X









X













































X

1C



X












X













































o-
c^















X














































to
**
















X


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kal iphilous;
range 7-8.5 (21),
optimum 8.3-8.5 (4)







Halophilous to
Indifferent















T A'ff



























Eurythermal





 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24); an obligate nitrogen heterotroph (4); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                    268
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia palea (Katz.)  W.Sm.  var.  palea
                               References
                                                             Concensus K Notes



ffi


c
•H
•W
'i



q
•H
%
Is





Cl
JH
&
n
w



n
a

a
i>
S)
K
rH
H
c
8

4J
B
•H
tfl
u
•H
«n
•H
O
4)
a

« •
O W
8 D
w

n
i!
h
^
a


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Ondesignated
"~



















X
X








































M



X












X










































X

•a-



X

X























































r--





















X
X






































03


X













X












X


































X













X












































^


X













Y












X































CM


X


























































CO


X













































































X
































Y
x






X

O
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia parvula Levis var.  parvula
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



ffi
ft

c
•iH
•)J
i



c
3
3
I;.





c
.!.;
ii
&






3

-U
4)
,13
05
H
H
C
r™


ri
•H
.Q
fd
tu

•H
in
•H
U
-------
Taxon Nitzschia perminuta Grun.  var.  perminuta
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



~
ft

— Ti 	
G>
T-t
VJ
3
&



C
O
•H
,Q
0
H
id
B




C
0)
,U
a
fO



G
1-4
3

*J
41
•S
a:
M
^
c
0


nJ
•H
a

-H
•H
<1>
PJ
W
? ^
O M
ID n
w

u
5
u
a
§

•=3- CO ^3- VO
• — i — CM
Scidobiontic
Acidophilous x
Indifferent
Alkalir>hilous XXX
A ' kal ibiontic
Eutrophic X
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
D'^strophic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
tlesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophi lous
indifferent X X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Sapr ophob ic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Shecphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Vond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated

































i











































































i







i






























































I

































































































































































































Alkali phi lous;
optimum is less than
but near 7 (4) .


Eutrophic




Indifferent

















































  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  A nitrogen  heterotroph  (4), mesooxybiontic (26).
                                     271
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia perpusilla Rabh.  var.  perpusilla
                                References
                                                              Concensus s  Notes



K


C
•H
-P
^



c
•1-t
o
lO





•1)
£1
B
P.
(3


4J
C
4)
M
^4
3
Q

4J
tf
4-'
-rH
^
ftf
K
M
nj
S
0)
c
Q)
U

+J
(d
-P
•H
XI
(C
X
o
-H
u
a

(d •
O tn
Cfl -H
SQ
W

M
4->
H
a



Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Slkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobcus
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oiigosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermai
Meso thermal
Oiigothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•a-





X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































'


._.


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Eutrophic






















































 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Probably a  facultative  nitrogen  heterotroph  (4).
                                     272
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia  sigma  (Kutz.) W.Sm.  var.  sigma
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



X
a,

c
a
•H
*j
z



c
o
«tH
*
" J






A
tl
£




a
g

4J
4*
/I
as
iH
H

rs

4J
fl
•H
.Q
(0
O
-H
U
O
o.

c J
O M
s °
w

N
4J
VJ
a
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Ol igosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Litnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated
•a



X

























































CO


X
X







X






X










































o^











X

















































0
CM










X
X

















































NI




X






X






X










































«a-
CM










X
X






X










































UD
CVJ


X















X










































"3-
ro











X






X























X


















-------
Taxon  Nitzschia sigitioidea {Ehr.) W.Sm. var.  sigmoidea
                                References
                                                              Concensus £ Notes

X
o.
Nutrien';
Hr lobion
Saprobiom
Current
-U
n)
4)
±\
a
EC
H
2
S




i
A












X












































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k












X












X































C\J



1















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X












X


1
j
























































l£)
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X












X






X























































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[

[

















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x



















X
X






X














































o
n























X











oo























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IT)
n



X






































CT>
CO
















X




























i

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ID
f
















X













































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.0-9.0 (8, 27)
optimum is 8.5 (4).
Eutrophic
Indifferent

01 igosaprobic
Indifferent

Lakes and Ponds

Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (24); withstands  oxygen depleted waters  (4).
                                     274
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia  sinuata  (W.Sm.) Grun. var. sinuata
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes



X
&

	 -JT 	
c
0)
•H
M
a
'i



c
•H
3
i:.
S3




0
•f;
a
&



s
£
3

•p
4)

£
M
H
C
o

4J
P
•rl
ja
d
EC

•H
**H
o
S
in
s,;
S °i
9 o
-------
Taxon  Nitzschia stagnorum Rabh.  var. stagnorum
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes



B
a

c
i-j
iJ
&



C
•H
3
,.





c>
Xi
y
«




M
r=

4J
+J
•9
S
rH
S
C
f3

4J
(0
4J
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(0
X
o
•H
M-J
•H
U
0>
o.
CO
'•S ,;
8 H
nj O
U)

if
5
S
a



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkali^hilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurytherraal
Undesignated
•*



X

























































00


x













X










X

































o



X












X












































n


X


























































«d-
CJ





























































tD
CSJ


X











X














































n






















X














































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent to
Al kali phi lous;
range 6.6-7.7 (8)
optimum 8.4 (4).





Indifferent









Bet a -Mesosaprobic








Limnobiontic































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (24); an obligate nitrogen heterotroph which cannot reproduce
 without organic nitrogen  (4); mesooxybiontic (26).
                                     276
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia sublinearis Hust.  var.  sublinearis
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



33
a

c
•H
a
£?



c
•H
•s
Iv





o
•s
a
S



3
£
g

•p
4J
,!!
&
l-{
S

o

4J
8
•rl
J3
?
o
•H
m
•H
O
a
CO
p ,;
§01
» °
w

Si
S
8

Jj


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
jspjLpelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesiqnated
^i-



X










X










































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
optimum 7.5-8 (4).







Oligohalobous


















































 Geographical distribution and  additional comments:
                                    277
-------
Taxon   Nitzschia  thermal is  KCJtz.  var.  thermalis
                                References
                                                              Concensus &  Notes



1C
a

a
•H
il
i



c
•H
3
','





o
.u
h
&
w



M
3

•s
5
J]
S
•H
M
C
0

4->
S
•H
£
fO
X
o
'l-t
«n
-H
U
s,
to
? M
O 01
2 Q
CQ

}~l
S
V4
^
rS


Acidobiontic
Aoidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Eur yha lobou s
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eury thermal
Undesignated
ro
















X












































^f



X

























































f^





















X






X
































CO



X












X












































c^



x












X












































CM



X

























































m



x

























































cr»
C\J














X














































en
"O
















x












































to
•3-














X




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkali phi lous;
range 6.6-8.2 (8) ,
optimum 8.4 (4).







Indifferent









Al pha-Mesosagrobic







Limnophi lous































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (24); an obligate nitrogen heterotroph, it withstands oxygen
 depleted waters (4).
                                     278
-------
Taxon    Nitzschia tryblionella var. victoriae Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus f.  Notes



33
Q.

Jc
0>
•H
a
#



c
-S
3






0
•g
a
S1




2
a

v
41
4)
S
3
s
c
0

4J
S
•H
S

-H
m
O
S,
in
VM
o m
S! °
«

t|
S

B
S


Acidobiontic
Ac idophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Ol Igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Ondesignated
^c
C\J
















X












































•st
n
















X
























x
x


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent






























Periphytic and
Tychopl anktoni c

















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21).
                                    279
-------
Taxon Nitzschia vermicularis (Kutz.) Grun.  var.  vermicularis
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



S


c
-H
ii
£



g
•H
^
u





Ci
•g
8
fl




H
ft

H
JJ
•si
X
•3
w

s

-p
S
f\
jb
«3
EC
o
f4
«M
O
£
U)
g J
SO)
UD
w

tj
5
n
s,
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendiic
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Unde signaled
^~



X

























































CO


x













X












X































C7>


X












X













































^0
C\J



x












X






X





































\J

X





x


























X
X






X


















-------
Taxon Opephora martyi Herib. var. martyi
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S  Notes


s
&
c
-------
Taxon   Pinnularia  boreal is Ehr. var. boreal is
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



5,


C
•H
iJ
K



c
•«H
O
Iv




c
CD
XI

rfl



c
0)
m
fl

is
41
•H
3
ffi
r-l
flj
IS
q

















X





































































































































































































































_i






























































































































Indifferent;
range 4-8 (8, 21 , 27) ,
optimum less than 6 (4)



Eutrophic




















Indifferent





Lakes, Ponds, Rivers
and Aerophilous





Periphytic













Oligothermal





Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 24); in water of low mineral  content (38).
                                    282
-------
Taxon  Pinnularia gibba Ehr. var. gibba
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes

as
a
c:
rj
•H
ij
g
Hfilobion
Saprobien
Curre.it
4J
m
_,j
-.4
a
rj
EU
i-H
«
«
0>
C
(U
[J
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrochic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
OI igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
*±

x



X























































r^






















X






































CO

X



























X































en

X














X.












































o

X














X












































^1

X



























X































CM

X



































CO


X































•=f


X













X









Nl

X












X






























































































X























to
CM


X













X






X













C\J

X





X
































I






























ri























X






















s














X






















X




X



















in
CO


X






























































VO
ro

X



























































U3
^t-
















X







































































































































































































































Acidophilous;
range 4.3-8.2 (8, 21, 27)
optimum about 6 (4).
Eutrophic to
01 igotrophic

Indifferent

Oligosaprobic to
Beta-Mesosaprobic



Springs and Streams
"crenophilou?"
Periphytic


 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24); mesooxybiontic (26); can live  in oxygen  poor  water  (4);
 calcium and iron indifferent (36).
                                      283
-------
Taxon   Pinnulari'a viridis (Nitz.)  Ehr.  var.  viridis
                                References
                                                              Concensus  s  Notes



53


q
•H
-u
§



c
•H
•cj
iC.'
1 '




CJ
JTJ
ti
Itj



C
^
3

jj
41
fl
X
H
(0
£
IU
C
u

JJ
a
4J
•H
J3
g
o
•H
-------
Taxon
        Rhizosolenia eriensis  H.L.  Smith  var. eriensis
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



K
ft

•••ii
C
0)
f-(
H
-P
£



c
o
•H
.Q
O
i-J
K




0
XI
B
rtJ



a
i-i
g

4J
4)
H
K
•-(
M
S
3


td
•H
S

•H
-H
O
n,
10

c u
Sra
n! O
en

n
5
M
a



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalohous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
=d-





























































0
CM





























x




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































A1 kal i phi l_ou_s_>
optimum 7 5-8 (4)




Eutrophic





















Indifferent
































 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     285
-------
Taxon
        Rhizosolenia longiseta Zach.  var.  longiseta
                                References
                                                             Concensus S Notes

ft
Nutrien?
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Hatitat
1
Specific Habitat
Seasona:
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
ftcidophilous
Indifferent
Aikaliphilous
?lkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhecphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Entuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
**



X

























































-



x












X










X

































o
CM





X




























X
x
x
























to
CM


x
x










X










X















































































































































































































































I
1
































































































1













































































































































































































































































1






























































































































































































































































































































































—








































Eutrophic



Saproxenous

Limnobiontic

Lakes, Ponds and
Rivers




 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    286
-------
Taxon  Rhizosolenia  minima  Lavender  var.  minima

                                References
                                                            Concensus S Notes
                                                               Oligohalobous  to
                                                               Mesohalobous; can
                                                               invade brackish water (4).
 Ac idophilous
 Indifferent
 Alkaliphilous
 Rlkaliblontic
 Eutrophic
  Oligotrophic
  Dvstrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
  alpha range
  beta range
Oligohalobous
   Oiigosaprobic
    Spring and Stream
    Tvchoplanktonic
     Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                           287
-------
Taxon   Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kutz.) Grun. ex. Rabh. var.  curvata
                                References
                                                              Concensus £  Notes



w


c
•H
+J
Z



G
•H
•o1

as




(0
.Q

ITJ


4J
c
£
rt

-P
(C
4>
•H
•a
a
•H
IB
n

O «
IS"
CO

if
41
kj
0)
a
EH


flcidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkallphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
^Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligo thermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
t



X


























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Alkaliphilous;
range 5.4-9.0 (8, 27, 43),
optimum somewhat over
8 (4).

Eutrophic




Indifferent









Mesosaprobic







Indifferent to
Rheophilous










.
Epiphytic;
particularly on

















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (20);  lives optimally  in oxygen  rich waters  (4).
                                      288
-------
Taxon  Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) 0. Mull, var. gibba
                                References
                                                              Concensus £ Notes



X
a,

c

a
%



a
u
g

*i
41
a
w
•H
n
c
(5


rt
-H
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0
01
&
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c J
o w
2 °
CO

n
5
n
0,



Acidobiontic
ftcidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
D^^strophic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Fhecphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplank tonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
•a-




x
























































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X
X






































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X































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X












































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X











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X



























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-------
Taxon  Stauroneis anceps Ehr. var.  anceps
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



£


c
•H
K
4J
%



g
.y
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«




0)
A
h
ft



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s
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Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Sajjrophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendrio
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
*


X


























































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X



















X






































CO


X













X












X































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X













X












































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X












































	


X


























































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X


























































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X












































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X

























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n


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-------
Taxon  Stauroneis anceps f.  gracilis Rabh.
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes




a

V
t>
•H
H
•p
S



a
'H
«
id
ffi




a)
•o
S
S1



§

3

iJ
-------
Taxon Stauroneis  phoenicentron  (Nitz.) Ehr. var. phoenicentron
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



ffi


c
•H
4J




C
•H
•8
IS





OJ
•g
s
S1


4J
a
M
3

•P
4)
'H
J
r5
tu
•H
fl5
k
S
M

-p
5
•H
ft
a
X
0
-------
Taxon
         Stauroneis  smithii Grun. var. smithii
                                References
                                                             Concensus S  Notes
•a- oo 01 OJ «*»• 10
r— i — i — i — i — C\J CM
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous 	 , 	
a- Indifferent I ,,
01 Alkaliphilous . (
Alkalibiontic
c Eutrophic
ii Oligotrophic
^ Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
c alpha range
-H beta range
•§ Oligohalobous !_. 	
Ii halophilous
B indifferent X X X_ JL }L X_
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
i) alpha range
^ beta range
S Oligosaprobic
S1 Saprophilic
W 	 i 	 £ 	 —
Saproxenous i_
Saprophobic 	 	 	 i
Limnobiontic '
pecific Habitat General Habitat Curren
	 1 	 . — . . . . — i — I— i — r— r-
~r=( 	
S*
8-3
a o

*
±3
a
u
I
&

Limnophilous 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1
Indifferent
Rheophilous X X 	 ^_
Rheobiontic
Marine i
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream !
Aerophilous i
Other III--
Euplanktonic
TVchoplanktonic i
Periphytic j
epipelic
epilithic
epizooic
epiphytic
attached


Summer
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal

n U3 CO Ol 10
	 Indifferent to
	 Alkaliphilous
	 Indifferent
L
	 1 	 Saproxenous
I 	 1 	 -4— Rheophilous
i
— ( 	 	
_^ 	 1 	
-i — ! 	


;
_u

1 _



    Geographical distribution and  additional comments:
    Cosmopolitan (21); from oxygen rich waters  (4).
                                       293
-------
Taxon  Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) V.H. var. intermedia
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



X


c
••H
4-1




c
•H
3






OJ
A
ti
18



fl
V4
r^

-P
(0
4.1
,q
s
•H
k
0)
c


4.'
a
4J
•H
A
s
o

CJ

















X











































LT)

X



























































r>














X














































LO
-------
Taxon   Stephanodiscus  alpinus  Must,  var. alpinus
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



33
O,

.(.»
c
-------
Taxon Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutula (Kutz.) Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes

X
a.
Nutrien*
Halobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasona!
Dist.
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophio
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Olicphalobous
Ualophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoghilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Sprxng and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO




X











x












X































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X











X

















































Y
A











X













X






























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v
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X












































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C\J








































X




















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C\J




X









X










X









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X




































1


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X









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X





X




















to
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X







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkal ibiontic;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27}

Indifferent

Saproxenous

Indifferent to
Rheophilous

Lakes





 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (24).
                                     296
-------
     Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kutz.) Round var. binderanus
                              References
                                                           Concensus  s Notes



IE
O.

	 J3 	
C
O
•H
W
4J
S



c
z
*
r-l
id
SB




-------
Taxon   Stephanodiscus dubius (Fricke)  Hust.  var.  dubius
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



a
0,

.!-'
c
•H
VI
4J
3
"Z.



c
•H
«
td





Q)
J3
a
id



c
^
g

jj
4-1
0
K
rH
H
C
o


n
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fO

•i-f
•H
u
0)
o<
w
g ,,
0 W
S Q
w

M
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U
a


53- » a
Acidc.bior.tic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic y X
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous x
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic X
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic y
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizoorc
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
i — CSJ O
— i — C\J




JL











ti










X

r










X




















^o
CM




X










X







X





































r^ i —
r\j ^f




X
X




























X
X




x
1






















































<





x


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kal i biontic ;
range 6.4-9.0 (8, 27)

















01 i gosaprobi c







Limnobiontic to
Indifferent



Lakes and Ponds








Euplanktonic
_t_.


















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                      298
-------
Taxon
        Stephanodiscus  hantzschii  Grun.  var.  hantzschii
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S Notes




H

q
-------
Taxon	Stephanodiscus invlsitatus Hohn an Hellerman var. invisitatus
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



£


c
•H
JJ




c
-H
O
13






4-1
JJ
ffi
•-I
n
c
u

.p
{3
•H
X3
5
U
-H
"t-i
U
8,
Ui
S 4J*
0 to
nJ O
w

M
-p
n
a
S


Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
eoipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
00




































X
























C\J
CO





X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Eutrophic_



























Rivers


























 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Found  throughout  the  United States  (32).
                                    300
-------
Taxon   Surirella angustata Katz. var. angustata
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes


s
•r'
0)
•H
fl
*
Hr..lobion
c
a
•H
2
a
a
in
Current
General Habitat
s
•H
1
3
M-t
•H
3
a
CO
Seasonal
Dist.
Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
M



X



















































X
X

X


*



X

























































CO O



X >












F














X





























1 1 —



X












Y
v














X





























C\J



X

























































Ch



X










x















X







"VJ


X











X






















X













X




























*
xi
























*£>
CM



X












X












•X


t
























































*3-
CO














X




















m
•=t



X



























X



1
1
X X
1




x!
X

























X
X


X

in
«3-


X













x
























x
x



10
>*
















X

X


































X









































































































































































































































































































































-
f-

..










—




































Alkaliphilous;
range 6-9 (2, 8, 21 , 43) ,
optimum around 7.5.

Indifferent



Spring form
"crenophilous"
Tychoplanktonic or
Periphytic
Spring or Fall
maximum
Mesothermal to
Oligothermal ,
Methathermal to
Eurythermal
  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
  Cosmopolitan (21, 24); euryoxbiontic (26).
                                       301
-------
Taxon   Surirella  elegans  Ehr.  var. elegans
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



5


c
•H
iJ
§



c
•H
•8

m




HI
XI
2
m



c:

3
•H
XI
ID
K
0
•H
"n
0
s,

« ;
O M
flQ
CQ

tf
£
>4
^
§


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
^Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
Tf



X

























































00


X













X










X

































\J














X



























X


















UD
INI



X












X








X



































M


X


























































en
CM














X














































un
CO



X

























































o>
PO
















X






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkali phi! ous to
Indifferent;
range 5.3-8.5 (8, 27),
optimum around 8.






Indifferent









Saproxenous



















Periphytic



















 Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21).
                                    302
-------
Taxon  Surirella  ovalis  Breb. var. ovalis
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



X
a.

j.1
c
•H
M
.p
$



c
•H
«
id
ffi




0)
ja
a
£
01


c
h
3

In
+i
3
X
r-t
S
c


4J
3
•H
ft
fO
X
0
•H
-------
Taxon
       Surirella ovata Kutz. var. ovata
                               References
                                                             Concensus S Notes



SB
0<

— :p—
C

it
£C




O
A
ii
lU



C
S
g

4-1
4)
XI
OB
H
JH
C
(5


(a- co CTI i— CM
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous X X X X X
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range X
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent X X
halophobous
Euryhalobous X
Polysaprobic X
Mesosaprobic X
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous X X
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal X
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal _X.
Undesignated
>CT»^OI — CTtromuD



XX XX












_ X X X X X_

X X


_ . !L .
nx\. __x







X. . _ X

1








I






1 ,

X i_._Xj_










































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.4-8.2 (8),
optimum 7.5-8 (4, 45)







Indifferent
















-~ — Rheophilous






















Winter maximum



Oligothermal ,
Eurythermal ,
range 0' -24' C.



  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                     304
-------
Taxon  Surirella striatula  Trup.  var.  striatula
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



Si
0,

•u
c
-------
Taxon   Synedra actinastroides Lemm. var. actinastroides
                                References
                                                              Concensus  £  Notes



35
ft

C
•H
JJ
i



c
•H
3






a
j*
2
iB



C
h
3

4J
4'
^4
ru
t-i
H
c
o

4J
td
4J
-H
^J
S
U
•H
«n
•H
O
0)
Ot

rt!
o a
ffl O
0)

V-l
+J
M
&



Acidobiontic
Ac idophi lous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
flesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
00




























X
































o
















X












































o
%l





























X































m






















X








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent;
range 6 6-7.7 (10) .







Indifferent










Beta-Mesosaprobic







Limnophilous to
Indifferent






























 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     306
-------
Taxon   Synedra acus Kutz. var. acus
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



se
a

•s1
B
01
•H
H
4J
%



c
o
•H
3

EC




O
ft
&
id1



c
§
g

OJ
4>
•9
S
H
Vi
C
U

•U
fl
'H
J3
fl

•H
m
•H
U
&
Ul
g J
8 ™
5°
tn

t)
5
S!
a,


\
AciHobiontic
Ac idophi lous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkaiibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
























x




























y








•a-



X

























































»



X












x











X
































o^


X













x












































o



X












x












































^



X












x











X
































CM



X

























































^f



X












x












































\J














X



























K


















LO
C\J



X










X








x





































\J



X

X




























X
X
1
























0*1
CM














X














































o
m






















X
X





































M























X





































s
















x
























X
X


















xt
m



X

























































30
ro


X


























































LT>
*















X

























X
X





X


x







































































































































A1 kali phi lous;
range 6.2-9.0 (8, 27) ,
optimum 7.4-7.6 (4).


Eutrophic




Indifferent





























Periphytic or
Tychopl anktonic








Spring and
Summer form








 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21);  seems  to  prefer  water which does not have a very low
 conductivity,  more  often  found  in waters of medium hardness  (38).
                                     307
-------
Taxon   Synedra  delicatissima var. angustissima  Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



in


c
•H
4J
§



C
-H
3

frM




O
A
s
*



r;
^1
fl

AJ
•TJ
*)
•a
u
H

-------
Taxon
       Synedra mazamaensis Sov. var.  mazamaensis
                                References
                                                              Concensus £  Notes



B
ft

C
01
•H
JJ
5



c
o
•H
s>
o
r-^
C




0
f>
I*
a



c
|H
3


ffl
41
•3
K
f-1
H
C
O


fl
•H
£

•H
-H
O
-------
Taxon   Synedra nana Meist.  var.  nana
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes



K
a

c
•H
H
-P
13



C
-H
•a
c-J





o
J3
V-(
rtJ
01


n
^
3

•P
4-1
•9
s:
H
!-,
C
O


fd
4-)
-H
43
>a

-H
4-1
-H
0
-------
Taxon   Synedra  parasitica  var.  subconstricta  (Grun.)  Hust.
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes

£
c
o
•'H
u
-p
Halobion
Saprobien
41
rt
S
n
S
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasona]
1 Dist.
uperature
a
EH

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Euirophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhecphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO



X












X












X































cri



X












X












































^



X












X












X































UD
C\J



X












X






X





































CO
n















































y


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Alkaliphilous;
range 6.5-8.3 (8).







Indifferent







01 igosaprobic





diatoms


Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Often found with the nominate variety  (38).
                                   311
-------
Taxon   Synedra  pulchella var. lanceolata f.  constricta Hust.
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



ac
a

c
-r4
JJ
i



C
•H
•8
id





QJ
J3
&
IS



c
Ij
g

4-1
4J
•s
rn
rH
S

o

+J
nj
4J
•H
f}
ffl

•H
m
•H
O
o
c^
to
ft!
O «
m a
CO

n
f
V4
a



Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophio
Me so trophic
01 igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobcus
Polysaprobic
Hesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophi lous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
o
CSJ










































X


















to
CM











X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































I—







































































































































Mesohalobous































Periphytic


















  Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
                                     312
-------
Taxon Synedra pulchella var. minutula Must.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



SO
CM

'•4.1— •
B
O
•rf
fl
£



c
X
*
!-<
»Cl





4)
.9
«
s-



c
8
g

+J
4)
•s
s
fH

S
S


h
•rl
K

•H
•H
U
K

S J
i •
!«
w

i}
s
w
a
S


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
D<7stroohic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Late
Pond
River
Spring and stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal?
Eurythermai
Undesignated
00





























X































o
rsl











X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(



























































































































































































































































































































































































.









Mesohal obous

















Indifferent












Peri phyti c



















  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     313
-------
Taxon   Synedra pulchella var. naviculacea Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes



*


S
•H
iJ
^



c
•H
*
,'*





0)
•8
a
S1


.p
G
Jj
g

*
4J
•H

a
H
-------
Taxon  Synedra pulchella Ralfsex KOtz.  var.  pulchella
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes



32
0.

— 4J
B
0
•rl
VI
V
g



c
o
•H
*
iH
li
C




111
A
&
s



c
2
g

V
41
3

H
H
S
§


«J
•H
«

•H
•H
U
&
in
g „
o to
3 Q
01

VI
S
m
§
3


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
n













X















































ujo











X X















)

































; CT











X















<

































S



)(







X

















































f—


x
X







X

















































CO



X

























































o
CO











X






























X


















\J











V

















































UD
CVJ


x


X












X










































\J





























































«a-











X

















































CO
<*











(

















































<0
-------
Taxon  Synedra radians Kutz^ var. radians
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



IB


C
-H
4-1
i



e
.3
•o1
ij




C
0}
,Q
iH
(C


4J
n
Q)
M
fi

jj
to
*>
.11
rt
a:
-H
05
h
0)
c


4J
to
4J
•rH
^
1
O
•H
IM
O
s,

? ,;
O to
IS"
CO

Si
4J
^
D.
H


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkalipnilous
Aikal ibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Khfcphilous
Rhcobiontic
Marine
Estuary
La.'ce
Por.d
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
1 Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
oo



>












>











X
































CT1



)












X












































o



>












X












































c\














X

























>




















r^
CM



X

X


































X




















en
C\l














X














































n






















X






































CO
CO



Y




































X

































































































































































































































































i —































































T
	 T




































































































































































































































































































































































































































































f J.ff

















Limnophilous













Euplanktonic


















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan (21, 24); often found in water with fairly high mineral content (38).
                                    316
-------
Taxon  Synedra rumpens var.  familiaris (Katz.)  Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus £  Notes



X
o,

— JT—
c
<])
•H
H
*



c
.y
*

ffi





41
•a
s
H
K
8
u


ri
•H
fl

•H
-H
u
O
a
CO
S 4*
O M
<4 O
W

t(
5
111
P
8


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Pheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligo thermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
:n
•NI














x














































«!•
ro














X



























X


















CO
ro


X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Indifferent









01 igohalobous






























Periphytic


















 Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 A common tropical  species (21).
                                     317
-------
Taxon   Synedra rumpens var. fragilarioides Grun.
                                References
                                                              Concensus  £  Notes



S


c
•H
4J
£=



B
•H
o
id






8
iC



c
M
ft

-P
(C
4)
•H
M
(3
K
•H
1C
H
-------
Taxon  Svnedra rumpens  Kutz. var. rumoens
                                References
                                                              Concensus s Notes



I
0.

— T*—
e
a
•H
n
u
4!



e
o
•H
*
l(J
K




0)
XI
&
Id1



c

a

lit
4>
•8
a
fi
§
c



rf
•H
,Q
$

-H
*H
•H
O
&
-------
Taxon  Synedra rumpens   var.  scotlca  Grun.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  £ Notes



s


c
•H
iJ
£



C
5
o
Wj





<1)
•§
8
#


4J


g

t>
.
•H

K
H
-------
Taxon
        Synedra tabulata (Ag.) Kutz.  var.  tabulata
                                References
                                                              Concensus S  Notes



X
0,

— JJ
c

•H
ffi

•H
•H
U
Q>
Ci
CO
S 4J
O M
s °
W

M
5
S




Aciclobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
D^strophic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophi3.ous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Pall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated




JL A.







X


X X













J£.































O i— 
-------
Taxon
        Synedra tenera W.Sm.  var.  tenera
                                References
                                                             Concensus  S  Notes



K


C
•H
-P




c
•H
o






OJ
J3
z
a



(^
H
ft

JJ
">t
u
ffi
f-i
^
c
o

4-1
flj
4-)
•H
.Q
S
O
•H
m
u
04

p ,;
O M
tfu
w

tl
5
S
r1
rS


Ac idobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic r
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Ol igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oi igosapr obic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiont ic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhecphilous
Rheobiontic
Maiine
"^r.tuary
Lake
Pond
River
Sprxng and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplanktonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
«^-

y



























































^
















X












































CO
CO






























X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Rheophilous































 Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
 Prefers water of low conductivity (38).
                                     322
-------
Taxon   Synedra ulna var.  impressa Must.





                                References
Concensus & Notes



IE
a

— rr-
c
as
•H
fl
§



c
o
•H
fl
M
K




-------
Taxon   Synedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus Kutz.
                                References
                                                              Concensus £  Notes

K
Q,
[Nutrien'
Hf.lobion
c
w
•H
ft
O
^
ft
cfl
cn
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasona]
1 Dist.
Temperature

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eu trophic
Meso trophic
Oliqotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalcbous
tlesohalobous
alpha range
beta ranqe
Ol iq oha} obous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha ranqe
beta ranqe
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rhecphilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tvchoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Sununer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
CO



X












X












X































JZ



X












X












X































•^r
ro








































X




















































































































































-
— 1





































































—









































































































_



























-
























1
































































































-







































































1
\-
































































































1



















































































































































































































































































1










































































































range 6.6-7.9 (8).




Indifferent



Indifferent


Euplanktonic


 Geographical  distribution and additional comments:
                                    324
-------
Taxon  Svnedra ulna var.  spathulifera (Grun.)  V.H.
                                References
                                                             Concensus  s Notes



•E
ft

	 JT—
C
-------
Taxon   Svnedra  ulna  (Nitz.) Ehr. var. ulna
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes




st
4J
id
n
gi
E*


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
ftlkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha ranqe
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprqphobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophi lous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
























X




























X








c^






















y
X


X


































CO



X












X



X








X































-



x












X












X































ro


X
X

























































«*



X












X












































o














X














































fl



X

























































C\j





X












X



Y






































VO
CM


X
X

X










X





Y






































!•»
C\J



X

























































Ol
CVJ
















X

X










































o
CO






















Y
x





































PO























x





































•a-
ro
















X






x




X











X




















in
CO



X

























































00
ro














X














































f



















































x

Y







n
«*



X












X












x

























x
f


Y

LT
«*
















X

x


































Y









Alkaliphilous;
range 5.7-9.0 (8, 11, 27)



Eutrophic




Indifferent








•
Oligosaprobic to
Beta-Mesosaprobic





TnHi ffprpnt












Euplanktonic









Spring, Summer,
and Fall


Eurythermal and
Oligothermal to
Mesotherma!



Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 24); great ecological span (45); prefers dirty water (16);
calcium indifferent (36); it is unsuitable as an ecological indicator (21).
                                      326
-------
Taxon  Tabellaria fenestrata  (Lyngb.)  Kutz.  var.  fenestrata
                                References
                                                              Concensus S Notes
•*
Si
o.
•*-'
c
a>
•H
n
^J
'4



H&lobion
Saprobien
Current
General Habitat
Specific Habitat
Seasonal
Dist.
1 Temperature
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous x
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Ol igotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythernal
Undesignated
CO O i —
















X
X X








X /

































CMtef

X X















X








(

































0 t^|0
\j c\j ro

x x ~A





X
X





~]


X



1

__A|
X
















1


















.0 CO ID
•»> ro «a-

X

X












X





X
u_ X









X
xl
1





x





X.


IX









&
<3-

















X













































































1
































































\











































































































































































































-.















































































































Acidophilous;
range 4.5-9.0 (8, 27) ,
optimum 5.0-7.1 (4, 27,
45).
Found in all
nutrient conditions
Halophobous


Saproxenous to
Beta-Mesosaprobi c



Lakes and Ponds

Periphytic and
Attached

Spring and Fall
maxima







  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
  Cosmopolitan, but seldom  in the tropics (24);  calcium indifferent (36).
                                      327
-------
Taxon  Tabellaria  flocculosa  (Roth)  Katz.  var.  flocculosa
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes




0.

c
•r^
-p
&



c
-H
O
id





0)
-Q
2

C\J

X















Y







X



































r^
CM

X





X
X

























X
X

























o
oo























X





































£

X



























































kO
ro

K



















































1 — p







CO
CO






X
X



























X



X





















f?
1
Y















Y





X

















V
X








1

I










































































































































-




















































































































































































Acidophilous;
range 4.2-9.0 (8, 27),
optimum 5.0-5.3 (4).


Mesotrophic to
01 igotrophic to
Dystrophic


Halophobous









Alpha-Mesosaprobic to
Saproxenous






Limnobiontic











Periphytic and










maxima








Geographical distribution and additional comments:
Cosmopolitan (21, 36); calcium indifferent (36).
                                   328
-------
Taxon   Thalassiosira  fluviatilis Hust. var. f 1 uviati 1 is
                                References
                                                             Concensus  & Notes



ffi
0,

	 IT—
c
o>
•H
H
4J
3



£
O
•H
fl
H
id
S




-------
TaxonThalassiosira  pseudonana  (Hust.)  Hasle  and  Heimdal  var.  pseudonana
                                References
                                                              Concensus  &  Notes



SI


c
•H
4J
&



C
•H
0
7!
~




OJ
A

id



14
Lt
r^

.p
id
-ii
-H
^
n
X
r-i
10
K
QJ
C
Q)
O

+J
4J
ja
-------
Taxon  Tropidoneis lepidoptera (Greg.) C1.  var.  lepidoptera
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



33
0,

— 3T—
C
.3
fl
3



a
.a
*
1-4
ill
EC




C
o
A
&
to
to


13
a
a
^
%
$

«
«
H
2
§
S


5
•H
*9

•r4
•H
?!
ff
a*
S ^2
S Q
&

i
3
»
§•
r^

CM ^-
Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
indifferent ,
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontio
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polvhalobous
Euhalobous X XL
Mesohalobous X_
alpha range
beta range
01 igohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiont ic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic X
Periphytic X. X.
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
He so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated









































!






























































































— I





























































	

_


























































Euhalobous































Periphytic to
Tychoplanktonic

















  Geographical distribution and additional  comments:
                                     331
-------
Taxon
                                References
                                                             Concensus & Notes



X


c
•3
•M
&



c
*H
•§
id







#


4J

V4
14
ft

•P
ffl
4)
•H
fl
ac
•-i
a
n
0)
c


jj
a
•H
a
9.
O
«M
u
&

? i!
a °i
S"
w
0)
K
45
10
U
&
s


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotropjiic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Fheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Euthermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothennal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1 —


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                    332
-------
Taxon
                                References
                                                             Concensus £ Notes



SB
tt

J-l
c
0)
•H
fl
'4



C
o
•H
XI
o
H
id
SS




01
ft
^1
rtJ



c
2
3

4->
+)
^J
X
•H
H
c
O


B
•H
$

•H
m
-i-t
O
0)
&
in
S 4^
o »
« n
w

M
4J
^
P
8


flcidobiontic
Acidophjlous
Indifferent
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Me so trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Euryhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
Aerophilous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated





























































































































































































































































































































































i
]
i
(
I
























































































































































































































































I











|



















































































































1




































































































































































































































































_


























































































































































































  Geographical distribution and additional comments:
                                     333
-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-670/4-74-005
                              2.
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND POLLUTION TOLERANCE
  OF FRESHWATER DIATOMS
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
                                                             November 1974;
                                                Issuing Date
                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Rex L. Lowe
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORG-\NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Bowling Green State University
  Bowling Green, OH  45268
                              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.  1BA027

                                ROAP 05AEF: Task 12	
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                R-802495
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  National Environmental Research Center
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Cincinnati, OH   45268
                              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                Final 6/1/73 to  6/1/74	
                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  Supplement to  "A  Guide to the Common  Diatoms at Water Pollution Surveillance System
  Stations,  C.  I.  Weber,  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  196
  98 p
                                                        1966.
16. ABSTRACT

       Data on  the  environmental requirements and pollution tolerance of  300 common
  species and varieties of fresh water  diatoms was compiled from 48 references.   The
  following parameters were considered:   pH,  nutrients,  salinity, organic pollution
  tolerance (saprobien system), current,  general habitat,  specific habitat,  seasonal
  distribution,  temperature and geographical  distribution.   A consensus of opinions
  for each parameter was established  for  most taxa.   It  is  suggested that this compila-
  tion be employed  to evaluate data from  plankton and periphyton samples  collected for
  the assessment of water quality.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
  *Indicator species
   Aquatic biology
   Plankton
  *Diatoms
   Plant ecology
   Algae
   Water quality
Phytoplankton
 Periphyton
^Pollution tolerance
 Algal ecology
6F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
                            21. NO. OF PAGES
                                340
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
               334
                                                  •&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975-657-588/5325  Region No. 5-I I
--------------
Taxon  Cymbel1 a aspera (Ehr.) Cl. var. aspera
                                References
                                                             Concensus s Notes



X


c
•H
4-1
i



C
•H
0
rtf





0)
J3
Qj
a


4J
C
o
M
rt

4-)

•H
•a
SB
H
«)
IH
V
C
(1)
O

4J
S
•H
•9
K
0
«M
o
n,

§•
4J
O W
in -H
0)
CO
0)
M
•3
4->
ft
U
11)
a
t<


Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Indifferent
Aikaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Polyhalobous
Euhalobous
Mesohalobous
alpha range
beta range
Oligohalobous
halophilous
indifferent
halophobous
Eurvhalobous
Polysaprobic
Mesosaprobic
alpha range
beta range
Oligosaprobic
Saprophilic
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Marine
Estuary
Lake
Pond
River
Spring and Stream
AerophiXous
Other
Euplank tonic
Tychoplanktonic
Periphytic
epipelic
epilithic
epidendric
epizooic
epiphytic
attached
unattached
,_ Winter
Spring
Fall ~~
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Undesignated
C\J


X
X















































X


X
X


*3-



X






















































00



X












X












X




























01



X












X









































o



X












X









































-



X












X












X




























CM



X






















































*±



X












X









































c\


X











Y



























Y















U3
f\



X












X






X


































r-s.
r\i



X






















































en
r\
















X













































X






















































£



X


























































































































































































































































































































































































































Al kali phi lous;
range 6.3-9.0 (2, 8, 21,
27),
optimum 7-8.5 (4, 36).





Indifferent










Oligosaprobic







Indifferent











n









Spring form


Mesothermal and



Geographical distribution and additional comments:
 Cosmopolitan  (21); oxygen  saturation  is optimal  (4); calcium indifferent (36).
                                    102