SUPPLEMENT NO. 4
FOR
COMPILATION
OF AIR POLLUTANT
EMISSION FACTORS
SECOND EDITION
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
January 1975
-------
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR INSERTING SUPPLEMENT NO. 4
INTO
COMPILATION OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION FACTORS
1. Replace page iii/iv with new page iii/iv,
2. Replace page v/vi with new page v/w.
3. Replace page xiii/xiv with new page xiii/xiv.
4. Replace page xv/xvi with new page xv/xvi.
5. Replace page 3.2,2-1/3,2,2-2 with corrected page 3.2.2-1/3.2.2-2, '
6. Replace page 3.2.3-1/3.2.3-2 dated 2/72 with new pages 3.2.3-1 through 3.2.3-7 dated 1/75.
7. Replace page 3.2.5-1/3.2,5-2 dated 4/73 with new page 3.2.5-1/3.2.5-2 dated 1/75,
8. Insert new pages 3.2.6-1 through 3.2.6-3 dated 1/7S after page 3.2.5-2,
9. Insert new pages 3.2.7-1 through 3,2,7-5 dated 1/75 after page 3.2.6-3.
10. Insert new page 3.2.8-1/3.2,8-2 dated 1/75 after page 3.2.7-5.
11. Replace page 3.3.1-1/3.3.1-2 dated 4/73 with new pages 3.3.1-1 through 3,3.1-3 dated 1/75.
12. Insert new page 3,3,3-1/3.3.3-2 dated 1/75 after page 3.3.2-2.
13. Replace page 6.10-1/6.10-2 with corrected page 6.10-1/6.10-2,
14. Insert new pages 11.1 through i 1.5 dated 1/75 after page 10,3-2.
15. Insert appendices B and C after Appendix A.
ii
-------
PREFACE
This document reports data available on those atmospheric emissions for which sufficient informa-
tion exists to establish realistic emission factors. The information contained herein is based op
Public Health Service Publication 999-AP»42, Compilation of Ait Pollutant Emission Factors, by
R, L. Duprey, and on a revised and expanded version of Compilation of Mr Pollutant Emission
tors that was published by the Environmental Protection Agency in February 1972. The scope of
second edition has been broadened to reflect expanding knowledge of emissions.
Chapters and sections of this document have been arranged in a format that permits easy and con-
venient replacement of material as" information reflecting more accurate and refined emission factors
is published and distributed. To speed dissemination of emission information, chapters or sections
that contain new data will be issued—separate from the parent report—whenever they are revised.
To facilitate the addition of future materials, the punched, loose-leaf format was selected. This
approach permits the document to be placed in a three-ring binder or to be secured by rings, rivets, or
other fasteners; future supplements or revisions can then be easily inserted. The lower left- or riglit-
hand corner of each page of the document bears a notation that indicates the date the information was
issued.
NOTE: Those who obtained AP-42 by purchase or through special order and completed the requept
for future supplements are hereby advised of a change in the distribution procedure. The availability
of these supplements will now be indicated in the publication Air Pollution Technical Publications pf
the Environmental Protection Agency, which is available from the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center, Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711. This listing of publications, normally published !in
January and July, contains instructions for obtaining the desired documents.
Comments and suggestions regarding this document should be directed to the attention of Directpr,
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N. C, 27711.
Ill
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Because this document is a product of the efforts of many individuals, it is impossible to acknowledge each
person who has contributed. Special recognition is given to Environmental Protection Agency employees in the
Technical Development Section, National Air Data Branch, Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, for their efforts
in the production of this work. Bylines identify the contributions of individual authors who revised specific
sections and chapters.
Issuance
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (second edition)
Supplement No. 1
Section 4.3 Storage of Petroleum Products
Section 4.4 Marketing and Transportation of Petroleum Products
Release Date
4/73
7/73
Supplement No. 2
Introduction
Section 3.1.1
Section 3.1.2
Supplement No. 3
Average Emission Factors for Highway Vehicles
light-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
9/73
7/74
Introduction
Section 1.4
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section 10-1
Section 10.2
Section 10.3
1.5
1.6
2.5
7.6
7.11
Natural Gas Combustion
Liquified Petroleum Gas Consumption
Wood/Bark Waste Combustion in Boilers
Sewage Sludge Incineration
Lead Smelting
Secondary Lead Smelting
Chemical Wood Pulping
Pulpboard
Plywood Veneer and Layout Operations
Supplement No. 4
Section 3.2.3 Inboard-Powered Vessels
Section 3.2.5 Small, General Utility Engines
Section 3.2.6 Agricultural Equipment
Section 3,2.7 Heavy-Duty Construction Equipment
Section 3.2.8 Snowmobiles
Section 3.3.1 Stationary Gas Turbines for Electric Utility Power Plants
Section 3.3.3 Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines
Chapter 11 Miscellaneous Sources
Appendix B Emission Factors and New Source Performance Standards
Appendix C NEDS Source Classification Codes and Emission Factor Listing
1/75
IV
-------
CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF FIGURES xi|i
LIST OF TABLES xili
ABSTRACT xv|i
INTRODUCTION 1
1. EXTERNAL COMBUSTION SOURCES 1.1-1
1.1 BITUMINOUS COAL COMBUSTION 1.1-1
1.1.1 General 1.14
1.1,2 Emissions and Controls 1.14
References for Section 1.1 1.1-4
1.2 ANTHRACITE COAL COMBUSTION
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 Emissions and Controls
References for Section 1.2
1.3 FUEL OIL COMBUSTION
1.3.1 General
.24
.2-1
.24
.2f3
.34
,34
1.3.2 Emissions 1.34
References for Section 1.3 1.3^3
1.4 NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION - 1,44
1.4.1 General 1,4-1
1.4.2 Emissions and Controls 1.4)4
References for Section 1.4 1,4,3
1.5 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS CONSUMPTION 1,5-1
1.5,1 General 1.34
1.5.2 Emissions , 1.54
References for Section 1.5 1,5,]
1.6 WOOD WASTE COMBUSTION IN BOILERS l.f-1
1.6.1 General 1J4
1.6.2 Firing Practices 1.64
1.6.3 Emissions 1,6-1
References for Section 1.6 , i .6-2
2. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL 2.1-1
2.1 REFUSE INCINERATION 2.1-2
2.1.1 Process Description 2.J-2
2.1.2 Definitions of Incinerator Categories 2,1-2
2.1.3 Emissions and Controls 2J-4
References for Section 2.1 2J.-5
2.2 AUTOMOBILE BODY INCINERATION 2.24
2.2.1 Process Description 2.2-1
2.2.2 Emissions and Controls 2,2-1
References for Section 2.2 2,2-2
2.3 CONICAL BURNERS 2,34
2.3,1 Process Description 2,3-1
2.3.2 Emissions and Controls ., 23-1
References for Section 2.3 2.3-3
-------
CONTENTMContinued)
Page
2.4 OPEN BURNING 2.44
2.4.1 General 2.4-1
2.4.2 Emissions 2.4-1
References for Section 2.4 2,4-2
2.5 SEWAGE SLUDGE INCINERATION 2.5-1
2,5.1 Process Description 2,5-1
2.5.2 Emissions and Controls 2,5-1
References for Section 2.5 2.5-2
3. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SOURCES 3,1 J-l
DEFINITIONS USED IN CHAPTER 3 3.1.1-1
3.1 HIGHWAY VEHICLES 3.1.1-3
3.1,1 Average Emission Factors for Highway Vehicles 3,1,1-5
3.1.2 Light-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles ...... 3.1,2-
3,1.3 Light-Duty, Diesel-Powered Vehicles 311.3-
3.1.4 Heavy-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles , 3.1.4-
3.1,5 Heavy-Duty, Dieiel-Powered Vehicles 3.1.5-
3.1.6 Gaseous-Fueled Vehicles 3.1.6-
3.1.7 Motorcycles 3.1,7-
3,2 OFF-HIGHWAY, MOBILE SOURCES 3,2.1-
3.2.1 Aircraft 3.2,1-
3,2.2 Locomotives 3.2.2-1
3.2.3 Inboard-Powered Vessels 3.2.3-1
3.2.4 Outboard-Powered Vessels 3.2.4-1
3,2.5 Small, General Utility Engines 3,2.5-1
3.2.6 Agricultural Equipment , 3.2,6-1
3.2.7 Heavy-Duty Construction Equipment 3.2,7-1
3,2.8 Snowmobiles .......,...,,. 3.2.8-1
3.3 OFF-HIGHWAY STATIONARY SOURCES 3.3.1-1
3.3.1 Stationary Gas Turbines for Electric Utility Power Plants . 3,3.1-1
3.3.2 Heavy-Duty, General Utility,Gaseous-Fueled Engines •. . 3.3.2-1
3.3.3 Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines 3.3,3-1
4. EVAPORATION LOSS SOURCES 4.1-1
4.1 DRYCLEANING 4.1-1
4.1.1 General , 4,1-1
4.1.2 Emissions and Controls 4,1-1
References for Section 4.1 4.1-2
4.2 SURFACE COATING 4,2-1
4.2.1 Process Description . , , 4.2-1
4.2.2 Emissions and Controls 4.2-1
References for Section 4.2 4,2-2
4.3 PETROLEUM STORAGE 4,3-1
4.3.1 General .- 4.3-1
4.3.2 Emissions 4,3-1
.; References for Section 4.3 4.3-1
4.4 GASOLINE MARKETING .... 4.4-1
4.4.1 General , 4.4-1
4.4.2 Emissions and Controls 4,4-1
References for Section 4.4 4.4-2
5. CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY 5,1-1
5.1 - ADIPIC ACID 5.1-1
5.1.1 Process Description 5.1-1
5.1.2 Emissions 5.1-1
References for Section 5.1 5,1-2
VI
-------
CONTENTS-(Continued)
. Page
10.3 PLYWOOD VENEER AND LAYOUT OPERATIONS • • • 10.3-1
10,3,1 Process Descriptions • 10.3-1
10.3.2 Emissions 10.3-2
References for Section 10.3 10,3-2
11. MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES • • • • • 11-1'1!
11.1 FOREST WILDFIRES i1-1'1!
11.1.1 General 11.1-1;
11.1.2 Emissions and Controls 11.1-2;
APPENDIX A. MISCELLANEOUS DATA • A'1 ,
APPENDIX B. EMISSION FACTORS AND NEW-SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
, FOR STATIONARY SOURCES . • • • B-l
APPENDIX C. NEDS SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODES AND EMISSION FACTOR LISTING C-l
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Pas®
1.4-1 Lead Reduction Coefficient as Function of Boiler Load 1.4-f
3.1.1-1 Average Speed Correction Factors for All Model Years 3.1.1-7
3,3.2-1 Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines 3.3.2-2
4.3-1 Fixed Roof Storage Tank 4.3-J
4.3-2 Double-deck Floating Roof Storage Tank 4.34
4.3-3 Variable Vapor Storage Tank 4.3-$
4.34 Adjustment Factor for Small-diameter Fixed Roof Tanks '.'...' 4.3-5
4.4-1 Flowsheet of Petroleum Production, Refining, and Distribution Systems 4.4-3
4.4-2 Underground Storage Tank Vapor-recovery System 4.4-$
5,9-1 Flow Diagram of Typical Nitric Acid Plant Using Pressure Process 5.9-t
5.17-1 Basic Flow Diagram of Contact-Process Sulfuric Acid Plant Burning Elemental Sulfur 5.17-2
5,17-2 Basic Flow Diagram of Contact-Process Sulfuric Acid Plant Burning Spent Acid 5.17.3
5.17-3 Sulfuric Acid Plant Feedstock Sulfur Conversion Versus Volumetric and Mass SO2 Emissions at
Various Inlet SO2 Concentrations by Volume . 5.174
5.18-1 Basic Flow Diagram of Modified Glaus Process with Two Converter Stages Used in Manufacturing
Sulfur 5.18-2
6.9-1 Types of Orchard Heaters 6.9-2
6.9-2 Particulate Emissions from Orchard Heaters , 6.9-3
7.1-1 Schematic Diagram of Primary Aluminum Production Process 7.1.3
7.5-1 Basic Flow Diagram of Iron and Steel Processes 7,5-]2
7.6-1 Typical Flowsheet of Pyrometallurgical Lead Smelting . 7,6-E
7.11-1 Secondary Lead Smelter Processes . 7.11-2
8.1-1 Batch Hot-Mix Asphalt Plant 8.1-J2
8.1-2 Continuous Hot-Mix Asphalt Plant gj^j
8.3-1 Basic Flow Diagram of Brick Manufacturing Process 8.34
8,6-1 Basic Flow Diagram of Portland Cement Manufacturing Process 8.6-2
8.11-1 Typical Row Diagram of Textile-Type Glass Fiber Production Process 8.11^2
8.11-2 Typical Flow Diagram of Wool-Type Glass Fiber Production Process 8.11^2
9.1-1 Basic Flow Diagram of Petroleum Refinery 9.1*2
10.1.2-1 Typical Kraft Sulfate Pulping and Recovery Process 10.1-2
11.1-1 Forest Areas and U.S. Forest Service Regions , 11.1-J3
LIST OF TABLES p .
Table Page
1.1-1 Range of Collection Efficiencies for Common Types of Fly- Ash Control Equipment l.J-2
1.1-2 Emission Factors for Bituminous Coal Combustion without Control Equipment M-3
1.2-1 Emissions from Anthracite Coal Combustion without Control Equipment . , 1.2-2
1.3-1 Emission Factors for Fuel Oil Combustion .,,.., 1.3-2
1,4-1 Emission Factors for Natural-Gas Combustion 1.4-2
1.5-1 Emission Factors for LPG Combustion 1.5-2
xiii
-------
LIST OF TABLES-(Continued)
Table ' . Page
L6-1 Emission Factors for Wood and Bark Combustion m Boilers with No Reinjection 1.6-2
2,1-1 Emission Factors for Refuse Incinerators without Controls 2.1-3
2.1-2 Collection Efficiencies for Various Types of Municipal Incineration Partieulate Control Systems . 2.14
2.2-1 Emission Factors for Auto Body Incineration 2,2-1
2.3-1 Emission Factors for Waste Incineration in Conical Burners without Controls 2,3-2
2.4-1 Emission Factors for Open Burning , , , , 2,4-1
2,5-1 Emission Factors for Sewage Sludge Incinerators 2.5-2
3.1.1-1 Average Emission Factors for Highway Vehicles Based on Nationwide Statistics . .• 3.1.1-6
3.1.2-1 Carbon Monoxide, Hydrocarbon, and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Factors for Light-Duty Vehicles
at Low and High Altitude ,...,... 3.1.2-2
3.1.2-2 Carbon Monoxide, Hydrocarbon, and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Factors for Light-Duty Vehicles, ,
State of California only 3.1.2-3
3.1.2-3 Light-Duty Vehicle Crankcase and Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emissions by Model Year for All
Areas Except California . . . 3,1.24
3.1.24 Light-Duty Vehicle Crankcase and Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emissions by Model Year for
California 3.1.24
3.1.2-5 Carbon Monoxide, Exhaust Hydrocarbon, and Nitrogen Oxide Deterioration Factors for
Light-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles in All Areas Except California 3.1.2-6
3.1.2-6 Carbon Monoxide, Exhaust Hydrocarbon, and Nitrogen Oxide Deterioration Factors for
Light-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles in California 3.1.2-7
3.1.2-7 Sample Calculation of Weighted Light-Duty Vehicle Annual Travel 3.1.2-8
3.1,2-8 Particulate and Sulfur Oxide Emission Factors for Light-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles .... 3.1,2-8
3.1.3-1 Emission Factors for Light-Duty, Diesel-Powered Vehicles 3.1.3-2
3.1.4-1 Heavy-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factors for Carbon Monoxide,
Hydrocarbons, and Nitrogen Oxides 3.1,4-3
3.1.4-2 Exhaust Emission Deterioration Factors for Heavy-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles (California
only), 1975 and Later Models 3.1.44
3.1.4-3 Sample Calculation of Weighted Heavy-Duty Vehicle Annual Travel 3.1.4-5
3.1.44 Sulfur Oxide and Particulars Emission Factors for Heavy-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Vehicles ... 3.1.4-5
3.1.5-1 Emission Factors for Heavy-Duty, Diesel-Powered Vehicles 3,1.5-2
3,1.6-1 Emission Factors by Model Year for Light-Duty Vehicles Using LPG, LPG/Dual Fuel, or
CNG/Dual Fuel . 3.1.6-2
3.1.6-2 Emission Factors for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Using LPG or CNG/Duel Fuel 3.1.6-2
3.1.7-1 Emission Factors for Motorcycles 3.1.7-2
3.2.1-1 Aircraft Classification 3.2.1-2
3.2.1-2 Typical Time in Mode for Landtag-Takeoff Cycle 3.2.1-3
3,2.1-3 Emission Factors per Aircraft Landing-Takeoff Cycle 3.2.14
3,2.14 Modal Emission Factors 3.2.1-6
3.2.2-1 Average Locomotive Emission Factors Based on Nationwide Statistics 3.2.2-1
3.2.2-2 Emission Factors by Locomotive Engine Category , 3.2.2-2
3.2.3-1 Average Emission Factors for Commercial Motorships by Waterway Classification 3.2.3-2
3.2.3-2 Emission Factors for Commercial Steamships-All Geographic Areas 3.2.3-3
3.2.3-3 Diesel Vessel Emission Factors by Operating Mode 3.2.34
3,2.34 Average Emission Factors for Diesel-Powered Electrical Generators in Vessels 3.2.3-5
3.2.3-5 Average Emission Factors for Inboard Pleasure Craft , 3.2.3-6
3.2.4-1 Average Emission Factors for Outboard Motors 3.2.4-1
3.2.5-1 Emission Factors for Small, General Utility Engines 3.2,5-2
3.2.6-1 Service Characteristics of Farm Equipment (Other than Tractors) 3.2.6-1
3.2.6-2 Emission Factors for Wheeled Farm Tractors and Non-Tractor Agricultural Equipment ...... 3.2.6-2
3.2.7-1 Emission Factors for Heavy-Duty, Diesel-Powered Construction Equipment 3.2.7-2
3.2.7-2 Emission Factors for Heavy-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Construction Equipment 3,2,74
3.2.8-1 Emission Factors for Snowmobiles 3.2.8-2
3.3.1-1 Typical Operating Cycle for Electric Utility Turbines 3.3.1-2
3.3.1-2 Composite Emission Factors for 1971 Population of Electric Utility Turbines ........... 3.3.1-2
3.3.2-1 Emission Factors for Heavy-Duty, General Utility, Stationary Engines Using Gaseous Fuels ... 3.3.2-1
XIV
-------
LIST OF TABLES-(Continued)
Table
3,3.3-1 Emission Factors for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Industrial Equipment 3.3,3-1
4.1-1 Hydrocarbon Emission Fictors for Dry-Cleaning Operations , 4.1j-2
4.2-1 Gaseous Hydrocarbon Emission Factors for Surface-Coating Applications 4.2-1
4.3-1 Hydrocarbon Emission Factors for Evaporation Losses from the Storage of Petroleum Products 4.3-2
4.4-1 Emission Factors for Evaporation Losses from Gasoline Marketing . 4.4-2
5.1-1 Emission Factors for an Adipic Acid Plant without Control Equipment 5.1-1
5.2-1 Emission Factors for Ammonia Manufacturing without Control Equipment 54-2
5.3-1 Emission Factors for Carbon Black Manufacturing 5.3-2
5.4-1 Emission Factors for Charcoal Manufacturing 5.4-1
5.5-1 Emission Factors for Chlor-Alkali Plants 5.5,-2
5.6-1 Emission Factors for Explosives Manufacturing without Control Equipment 5,$-2
5.7-1 Emission Factors for Hydrochloric Acid Manufacturing 5.7-1
5,8-1 Emission Factors for Hydrofluoric Acid Manufacturing 5.3-1
5.9-1 Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Nitric Acid Plants •, 5.f-3
5,10-1 Emission Factors for Paint and Varnish Manufacturing without Control Equipment 5.1Q-2
5.11-1 Emission Factors for Phosphoric Acid Production 5.11-2
5.12-1 Emission Factors for Phthalic Anhydride Plants 5.12-1
5.13-1 Emission Factors for Plastics Manufacturing without Controls 5,13-1
5,14-1 Emission Factors for Printing Ink Manufacturing 5.14-2
5.15-1 Partieulate Emission Factors for Spray-Drying Detergents 5.15-1
5.16-1 Emission Factors for Soda-Ash Plants without Control ,,...,. 5.1(6-1
5,17-1 Emission Factors for Sulfuric Acid Plants , 5.17-5
5.17-2 Acid Mist Emission Factors for Sulfuric Acid Plants without Controls , , 5.1*7-7
5.17-3 Collection Efficiency and Emissions Comparison of Typical Electrostatic Precipitator and Fiber
Mist Eliminator 5.17-8
5.18-1 Emission Factors for Modified Claus Sulfur Plants , 5.1|8-2
5,19-1 Emission Factors for Synthetic Fibers Manufacturing 5,19-1
5.20-1 Emission Factors for Synthetic Rubber Plants; Butadiene-Acrylonitrile and Butadiene-Styrene . 5,20-1
5.21-1 Nitrogen Oxides Emission Factors for Terephthalic Acid Plants 5.2,1-1
6.1-1 Partieulate Emission Factors for Alfalfa Dehydration , 6,1-1
6.2-1 Emission Factors for Coffee Roasting Processes without Co .rols 6»2-l
6.3-1 Emission Factors for Cotton Ginning Operations without Controls 63-1
6,4-1 Partieulate Emission Factors for Grain Handling and Processing 6>4-2
6.5-1 Emission Factors for Fermentation Processes , 6L5-2
6,6-1 Emission Factors for Fish Meal Processing ". 6^6-1
6.7-1 Emission Factors for Meat Smoking 6J-1
6,8-1 Emission Factors for Nitrate Fertilizer Manufacturing without Controls &8-2
6.9-1 Emission Factors for Orchard Heaters 6.94
6.10-1 Emission Factors for Production of Phosphate Fertilizers 6.10-1
6.11-1 Emission Factors for Starch Manufacturing 6.11-1
6.12-1 Emission Factors for Sugar Cane Processing 6.12-1
7.1-1 Raw Material and Energy Requirements for Aluminum Production 7.1-2
7,1-2 Representative Particle Size Distributions of Uncontrolled Effluents from Prebake and
Horizontal-Stud Soderberg Cells 7.14
7.1-3 Emission Factors for Primary Aluminum Production Processes , , 7,1-5
7.2-1 Emission Factors for Metallurgical Coke Manufacture without Controls 7.2-2
7.3-1 Emission Factors for Primary Copper Smelters without Controls 7.3-2
7.4-1 Emission Factors for Ferroalloy Production in Electric Smelting Furnaces 7.4-2
7.5-1 Emission Factors for Iron and Steel Mills . 7.54
7.6-1 Emission Factors for Primary Lead Smelting Processes without Controls 7.64
7.6-2 Efficiencies of Representative Control Devices Used with Primary Lead Smelting Operations . . 7,6-5
7.7-1 Emission Factors for Primary Zinc Smelting without Controls 7.7-1
7.8-1 Partieulate Emission Factors for Secondary Aluminum Operations 7.8-1
7,9-1 Partieulate Emission Factors for Brass and Bronze Melting Furnaces without Controls 7.9-2
7.10-1 Emission Factors for Gray Iron Foundries 7,ilO-l
7.11-1 Emission Factors for Secondary Lead Smelting Furnaces without Controls 7.11-2
XV
-------
LIST OF TABLES-(Continued)
Table Page
7.11-2 Efficiencies of Participate Control Equipment Associated with Secondary Lead Smelting
Furnaces , 7.11-3
7.11-3 Representative Particle Size Distribution from Combined Blast and Reverberatory Furnace Gas
Stream , . . . , 7.11-3
7.12-1 Emission Factors for Magnesium Smelting , , 7.12-1
7.13-1 Emission Factors for Steel Foundries 7.13-2
7.14-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Secondary Zinc Smelting ' 7.14-2
8.1-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Asphaltic Concrete Plants 8.1-4
8.2-1 Emission Factors for Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing without Controls , , . , 8.2-1
8.3-1 Emission Factors for Brick Manufacturing without Controls 8.3-3
8.4-1 Emission Factors for Calcium Carbide Plants 8.4-1
8.5-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Castable Refractories Manufacturing » , 8.5-1
8.6-1 Emission Factors for Cement Manufacturing without Controls 8.6-3
8.6-2 Size Distribution of Dust Emitted from Kiln Operations without Controls 8.64
8.7-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Ceramic Clay Manufacturing 8.7-1
8.8-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Sintering Operations 8.8-2
8.9-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Thermal Coal Dryers 8.9-1
8.10-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Concrete Batching 8.10-1
8,11-1 Emission Factors for Fiber Glass Manufacturing without Controls 8.11-3
8.12-1 Emission Factors for Frit Smelters without Controls . . . 8.12-2
8.13-1 Emission Factors for Glass Melting 8.13-1
8.14-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Gypsum Processing , 8,14-1
8.15-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Lime Manufacturing without Controls . 8.15-1
8.16-1 Emission Factors for Mineral Wool Processing without Controls 8.16-2
8.17-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Perlite Expansion Furnaces without Controls 8.17-1
8.18-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Phosphate Rock Processing without Controls 8.18-1
8.20-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Rock-Handling Processes 8.20-1
9.1-1 Emission Factors for Petroleum Refineries 9.1-3
10.1.2-1 Emission Factors for Sulf.ate Pulping 10.1-5
10.2-1 Particulate Emission Factors for Pulpboard Manufacturing 10.2-1
10.3-1 Emission Factors for Plywood Manufacturing 10.3-1
11.1-1 Summary of Estimated Fuel Consumed by Forest Fires 11.1-2
11.1-2 Summary of Emissions and Emission Factors for Forest Wildfires 11.14
A-l Nationwide Emissions for 1971 A-2
A-2 Distribution by Particle Size of Average Collection Efficiencies for Various Particulate Control
Equipment A-3
A-3 Thermal Equivalents for Various Fuels A4
A4 Weights of Selected Substances A4
A-5 General Conversion Factors A-S
B-l Promulgated New Source Performance Standards-Group I Sources B-2
B-2 Promulgated New Source Performance Standards—Group II Sources B4
xvi
-------
3.2.2 Locomotives
by DavidS. Kircher
3.2.2.1 General — Railroad locomotives generally follow one of two use patterns: railyard switching or road-haul
service. Locomotives can be classified on the basis of engine configuration and use pattern into five categoriep:
2-stroke switch locomotive (supercharged), 4-stroke switch locomotive, 2-stroke road service locomotive
(supercharged), 2-stroke road service locomotive (turbocharged), and 4-stroke road service locomotive.
The engine duty cycle of locomotives is much simpler than many other applications involving diesel internal
combustion engines because locomotives usually haw only eight throttle positions in addition to idle and
dynamic brake, Emission testing is made easier and the results are probably quite accurate because of the
simplicity of the locomotive duty cycle,
3.2.2.2 Emissions - Emissions from railroad locomotives are presented two ways in this section. Table 3,2.2hl
contains average factors based on the nationwide locomotive population breakdown by category. Table 3.2.2-2
gives emission factors by locomotive category on the basis of fuel consumption and on the basis of work output
(horsepower hour).
The calculation of emissions using fuel-based emission factors is straightforward. Emissions are simply the
product of the fuel usap and the emission factor; In order to apply the work output emission factor, however, an
Table 3.2.2-1. AVERAGE LOCOMOTIVE
EMISSION FACTORS BASED
ON NATIONWIDE STATISTICS9
Pollutant
Partfeuiates0
Sulfur oxides*1
{SOX as SC>2l
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX as NQ2)
Aldehydes
(as HCHO)
Organic acidsc
Average emissions'1
Ib/lfjSgal
25
57
130
94
370
5.5
7
kg/103 liter
3.0
6.8
16
11
44
0.66
0.84
Reference 1.
Based on emission data contained in Table 3,2.2-2
and the breakdown of locomotive use by engine
category in the United States in Reference 1.
Data based on highway diesel data from Reference
2. No actual locomotive paniculate test data are
available.
Based on a fuel sulfur content of 0.4 percent from
References,
4/73
Internal Combustion Engine Sources
3.2.2-1
-------
Table 3.2,2-2. EMISSION FACTORS BY LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE
CATEGORY3
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: B
Pollutant
Carbon monoxide
lb/103gal
kg/1 C^liter
g/hphr
g/metric hphr
Hydrocarbon
Ib/KPgal
kg/103 liter
g/hphr
g/metric hphr
Nitrogen oxides
(NO* as NO2)
Ih/IOSgal
kg/103 liter
g/hphr
g/metric hphr
Engine category
2-Stroke
supercharged
switch
84
10
3.9
3.9
190
23
8.9
8.9
250
30
11
11
4-Stroke
switch
330
46
13
13
146
17
5.0
5.0
490
59
17
17
2-Stroki
supercharged
road
66
7.i
1.8
1.8
148
18
4.0
4.0
350
42
9.4
9.4
2-Stroke
turbocharged
road
160
19
4,0
4,0
28
3.4
0.70
0.70
330
40
8.2
8,2
4-Stroke
road
180
22
4.1
4.1
99
12 •
2.2
2.2
470
56
10
10
a Use average factors (Table 3.2.2-1) for pollutants not listed in this table.
*
additional calculation is necessary. Horsepower hours can be obtained using the following equation:
w=lph
where: w = Work output (horsepower hour)
1 = Load factor (average power produced during operation divided by available power)
p = Available horsepower
h = Hours of usage at load factor (1)
After the work output has been determined, emissions are simply the product of the work output and the
emission factor. An approximate load factor for a line-haul locomotive (road service) is 0,4; a typical switch
engine load factor is approximately 0.06,1
References for Section 3.2.2 '
1. Hare, C.T. and KJ. Springer. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using
Internal Combustion Engines. Part 1. Locomotive Diesel Engines and Marine Counterparts. Final Report.
Southwest Research Institute. San Antonio, Texas Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, N.C., under Contract Number EHA 70-108. October 1972,
2. Young, T.C. Unpublished Data from the Engine Manufacturers Association. Chicago, 111. May 1970.
3. Hanley, G.P. Exhaust Emission Information on Electro-Motive Railroad Locomotives and Diesel Engines.
General Motors Corp. Warren, Mich. October 1971,
3.2.2-2
EMISSION FACTORS
4/73
-------
3.2.3 Inboard-Powered Vessels Revised by David S. Kircher
3.2.3.1 General - Vessels classified on the basis of use will generally fall into one of three categories: commercial,
pleasure, or military. Although usage and population data on vessels are, as a rule, relatively scarce, information qn
commercial and military vessels is more readily available than data on pleasure craft. Information on military
vessels is available in several study reports,1"5 but data on pleasure craft are limited to sales-related facts anjd
figures.6-10
Commercial vessel population and usage data have been further subdivided by a number of industrial and
governmental researchers into waterway classifications11"16 (for example, Great Lakes vessels, river vessels, and
coastal vessels). The vessels operating in each of these waterway classes have similar characteristics such as size,
weight, speed, commodities transported, engine design (external or internal combustion), fuel used, and distance
traveled. The wide variation between classes, however, necessitates the separate assessment of each of the waterway
classes with respect to air pollution.
Information on military vessels is available from both the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Coast Guard as a result of
studies completed recently. The U.S. Navy has released several reports that summarize its air pollution assessment
work.3'5 Emission data have been collected in addition to vessel population and usage information. Extensive
study of the air pollutant emissions from U.S. Coast Guard watercraft has been completed by the U.S. Department
of Transportation. The results of this study are summarized in two reports.1"2 The first report takes an in-depth
look at population/usage of Coast Guard vessels. The second report, dealing with emission test results, forms the
basis for the emission factors presented in this section for Coast Guard vessels as well as for non-military diesel
vessels.
Although a large portion of the pleasure craft in the U.S. are powered by gasoline outboard motors (see section
3.2.4 of this document), there are numerous larger pleasure craft that use inboard power either with or withovt
"out-drive" (an outboard-like lower unit). Vessels falling into the inboard pleasure craft category utilize either Otto
cycle (gasoline) or diesel cycle internal combustion engines. Engine horsepower varies appreciably from the small
"auxiliary" engine used in sailboats to the larger diesels used in yachts,
3.2.3.2 Emissions
Commercial vessels. Commercial vessels may emit air pollutants under two major modes of operation:
underway and at dockside (auxiliary power).
Emissions underway are influenced by a great variety of factors including power source (steam or diesel), engine
size (in kilowatts or horsepower), fuel used (coal, residual oil, or diesel oil), and operating speed and load.
Commercial vessels operating within or near the geographic boundaries of the United States fall into one of the
three categories of use discussed above (Great Lakes, rivers, coastline). Tables 3.2.3-1 and 3.2.3-2 contain emission
information on commercial vessels falling into these three categories. Table 3.2.3-3 presents emission factors flor
diesel marine engines at various operating modes on the basis of horsepower. These data are applicable to any vessel
having a similar size engine, not just to commercial vessels.
Unless a ship receives auxiliary steam from dockside facilities, goes immediately into drydock, or is out pf
operation after arrival in port, she continues her emissions at dockside. Power must be made available for the ship's
lighting, heating, pumps, refrigeration, ventilation, etc. A few steam ships use auxiliary engines (diesel) to supply
power, but they generally operate one or more main boilers under reduced draft and lowered fuel rates-a very
inefficient process. Motorships (ships powered by internal combustion engines) normally use diesel-powered
generators to furnish auxiliary power.17 Emissions from these diesel-powered generators may also be a source of
underway emissions if they are used away from port. Emissions from auxiliary power systems, in terms of the
1/75 Internal Combustion Engine Sources 3.2.3tl
-------
Table 3.2,3-1. AVERAGE EMISSION FACTORS FOR
COMWiRCIAL MOTORSHIPS BY WATERWAY
CLASSIFICATION
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Emissions3
Sulfur oxides
(SOxasS02)
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gai
Carbon monoxide
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Hydrocarbons
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX as N02)
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
ClassC
River
3,2
27
12
100
6.0
50
33
280
Great Lakes
3.2
27
13
110
7.0
59
31
260
Coastal
3.2
27
13
110
6.0
50
32
270
°Expressed as function of fuel consumed (based on emission data from
Reference 2 and population/usage data from References 11 through 16.
^Calculated, not measured. Based on 0,20 percent sulfur content fuel
and density of 0.854 kg/liter (7.12 Ib/gal) from Reference 17.
every approximate participate emission factors from Reference 2 are
470 g/hr (1.04 Ib/hr). The reference does not contain sufficient
information to calculate fuel-bated factors.
quantity of fuel consumed, are presented in Table 3.2.34. In some instances, fuel quantities used may not be
available, so calculation of emissions based on kilowatt hours (kWh ) produced may be necessary. For operating
loads in excess of zero percent, the mass emissions (BJ) in kilograms per hour (pounds per hour) are given by:
ej = kief
where: k = a constant that relates fuel consumption to kilowatt hours,2
that is, 3.63 x 1 (T4 1000 liters fuel/kWh
or
9.59 x 10"5 1000 gal fuel/kWh
1= the load, kW
ef = the fuel-specific emission factor from Table 3.2.34, kg/103 liter (lb/103 gal)
3.2.3-2 EMISSION FACTORS
(1)
1/75
-------
Ul
Table 3.2.3-2. FACTORS FOR COMMERCIAL STEAMSHIPS-ALL GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
EMISSION FACTOR RATING; D
Pollutant
Particutatesc
Sulfur oxides
(SOxasSO2)e
Carbon monoxide0
Hydrocarbons0
Nitrogen oxides
{NOX as N02)
Fuel and operating mode3
Residual oilb
Hotel ing
kg/103
liter
1.20d
I9.1S
(Megd
0.38d
4.37
lb/103
gal
10.0d
Negd
3.2?
36.4
Cruise
kg/103
liter
2.40
19.1S
0.414
0.082
6.70
lb/103
gal
20.0
159S
3.45
0.682
55.8
Full
kg/103
liter
6.78
19.1S
0.872
0.206
7.63
lb/103
gai
56.5
1S9S
7.27
1.72
63.6
Distillate oilb
Hoteling
kg/103
liter
1.8
17.0S
0.5
0.4
2.66
lb/103
gal
15
142S
4
3
22.2
Cruise
kg/10*
liter
1.78
17.0S
0.5
0.4
2.83
lb/103
gal
15
142S
4
3
23.6
Full
ki/103
liter
1.78
17.0S
0.5
0.4
5.34
lb/103
gat
15
142S
4
3
44.5
3
ff
I
en
r*
5"
w
I.
The operating modes are based on the percentage of maximum avaifable power: "hoteling" is 10 to 11 percent of available power, "full" is 100 percent of available power, and
"cruise" is an intermediate power (35 to 75 percent, depending on the test organization and vessel tested).
Test organizations used "Navy Special" fuel oil, which is not a true residua! oil. No vessel test data were available for residual oil combustion. "Residual" oil results are from
References 2, 3, and 5. "Distillate" oil results are from References 3 and 5 only. Exceptions are noted. "Navy Distillate" was used as distillate test fuel.
"Participate, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon emission factors for distillate oil combustion are based on stationary boilers (see Section 1.3 of this document).
Reference 18 indicates that carbon monoxide emitted during hoteling is small enough to be considered negligible. This reference also places hydrocarbons at 0.38 kg/10* liter (3.2
lb/103 gall and paniculate at 1.20 kg/103 liter (10.0 lb/103 gal). These data are included for completeness only and are not necessarily comparable with other tabulated data.
Emission factors listed are theoretical in that they are based on all the sulfur in the fuel converting to sulfyr dioxide. Actual test data from References 3 and 5 confirm the validity of
these theoretical factors. "S" is fuel sulfur content in percent.
-------
Table 3.2.3-3. DIESEL VESSEL EMISSION FACTORS BY OPERATING MODE8
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Horsepower
200
300
500
600
700
900
1550
1580
2500
3600
Mode
Idle
Slow
Cruise
Full
Slow
Cruise
Full
Idle
Cruise
Full
Idle
Slow
Cruise
Idle
Cruise
Idle
2/3
Cruise
Idle
Cruise
Full
Slow
Cruise
Full
Slow
2/3
Cruise
Full
Slow
2/3
Cruise
Full
• Emissions
Carbon monoxide
lb/103
gal
210,3
145.4
126,3
142,1
59.0
47.3
58.5
282.5
99,7
84.2
171.7
50.8
77,6
293.2
36.0
223.7
62.2
80.9
12.2
3.3
7.0
122.4
44.6
237J
59,8
126.5
78.3
96.9
148.5
28.1
41.4
62.4
kg/103
liter
25,2
17,4
15,1
17,0
7.1
5.7
7.0
33.8
11,9
10.1
20,6
6.1
9,3
35,1
4.3
26.8
7.5
9.7
1.5
0.4
0.8
14.7
5.3
28.5
7.2
15.2
9.4
11.5
17.8
3.4
5.0
7.5
Hydrocarbons
lb/103
gal
391.2
103.2
170.2
60,0
56.7
51.1
21.0
118.1
44.5
22.8
68.0
16.6
24.1
95.8
8.8
249.1
16.8
17.1
0.64
1.64
16.8
22.6
14.7
16.8
21.3
60.0
25.4
32.8
29.5
kg/103
liter
46.9
12,4
20,4
7.2
6.8
6.1
2.5
14.1
5.3
2.7
8.2
2.0
2.9
11.5
1.1
29,8
2,0
2.1
0.1
0.2
2.0
2,7 "^
1.8
2.0
2.6
7.2
3.0
4.0
3.5
Nitrogen oxides
-------
Table 3.2.3-4. AVERAGE EMISSION FACTORS FOR DIESEL-POWERED ELECTRICAL
GENERATORS IN VESSELSa
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Rated
output.b
kW
20
40
200
BOO
Load,0
% rated
output
0
25
50
75
0
25
50
75
0
25
50
75
0
25
50
75
Emissions
Sulfur ox ides
(SOxasS02)d
lb/103
gal
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
kg/103
liter
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
Carbon
monoxide
lb/103
gal
150
79.7
53.4
28.5
153
89,0
87.6
64.1
134
97.9
62.3
26.7
58.4
53.4
48.1
43.7
kg/103
liter
18.0
9.55
6.40
3.42
18.3
10.7
8.10
7.68
16.1
11.7
7.47
3.20
7.00
6.40
5.76
5.24
Hydro-
carbons
lb/103
gal
263
204
144
84.7
584
370
285
231
135
33.5
17.8
17.5
209
109
81.9
59.1
kg/103
liter
31.5
24.4
17.3
10.2
70.0
44.3
34.2
27.7
16.2
4.01
2.13
2.10
25.0
13.0
9.8
7.08
Nitrogen oxides!
(NOxasN02>
lb/103
gal
434
444
477
495
214
219
226
233
142
141
140
137
153
222
293
364
kg/103
liter!
52.0
53.2;
57.2
59.3
21.0
26.2
27.1
274
17.0
16.9
18.8
16.4
18.3
26.$
35.1
43.4
Reference 2.
Maximum rated output of the diesel-powered generator.
cGenerator electrical output (for example, a 20 kW generator at 50 percent load equals 10 kW output).
Calculated, not measured, based on 0.20 percent fuel sylfur content and density of 0.854 kg/liter (7.12 Ib/gal) from Reference p7.
At zero load conditions, mass emission rates (ej) may be approximated in terms of kg/hr (Ib/hr) using the
following relationship:
el= wratedef fc2)
where: k = a constant that relates rated output and fuel consumption,
that is, 6.93 x 10-5 1000 liters fuel/kW
or
1.83 x lO'5 1000 gal fuel/kW
Crated = tne rated output, kW
ef = the fuel-specific emission factor from Table 3.2.34, kg/103 liter (lb/103 gal)
Pleasure craft. Many of the engine designs used in inboard pleasure craft are also used either in military vessels
(diesel) or in highway vehicles (gasoline). Out of a total of 700,000 inboard pleasure craft registered in the United
States in 1972, nearly 300,000 were inboard/outdrive. According to sales data, 60 to 70 percent of thjese
1/75
Internal Combustion Engine Sources
3.2.3-5
-------
inboard/outdrive craft used gasoline-powered automotive engines rated at more than 130 horsepower.6 The
remaining 400,000 pleasure craft used conventional inboard drives that were powered by a variety of powerplants,
both gasoline and diesel. Because emission data are not available for pleasure craft, Coast Guard and automotive
data2' 9 are used to characterize emission factors for this class of vessels in Table 3.2.3-5.
Military vessels. Military vessels are powered by a wide variety of both diesel and steam power plants. Many of the
emission data used in this section are the result of emission testing programs conducted by the U.S. Navy and the
U.S. Coast Guard.1"3'* A separate table containing data on military vessels is not provided here, but the included
tables should be sufficient to calculate approximate military vessel emissions.
'TABLE 3.2.3.-B, AVERAGE EMISSION FACTORS FOR INBOARD PLEASURE CRAFT3
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: D
Pollutant
Sulfur oxidesd
(SOX as SO2)
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX as N02)
Based on fuel consumption
Diesel engine'3
kg/103
liter
3.2
17
22
41
lb/103
gal
27
140
180
340
Gasoline engine0
kg/103
liter
0.77
149
10,3
1B.7
lb/103
gal
6.4
1240
86
131
Based on operating time
Diesel engine0
kg/hr
-
_
-
. .
Ib/hr
-
-
-
m
Gasoline engine0
kg/hr
0.008
1.69
0.117
0.179
Ib/hr
0.019
3.73
0.258
0.394
aAverage emission factors are bated on the duty cycle developed for large outboards (> 48 kilowatts or > 65 horsepower) from Refer-
ence 7. The above factors take into account the impact of water scrubbing of underwater gasoline engine exhaust, also from Reference
7. All values given are for single engine craft and must be modified for multiple engine vessels.
bBased on tests of diesel engines in Coast Guard vessels. Reference 2.
cBased on tests of automotive engines, Reference 19. Fuel consumption of 11.4 liter/hr (3 gal/hr) assumed. The resulting factors are
only rough estimates.
'-'Based on fuel sulfur content of 0,20 percent for diesel fuel and 0.043 percent for gasoline from References 7 and 17. Calculated using
fuel density of 0.740 kg/liter J8.17 Ib/gal) for gasoline and 0,854 kg/liter !7.12 Ib/gal) for diesel fuel.
References for Section 3.2.3
1. Walter, R. A,, A. J. Broderick, J, C. Sturm, and E. C. Klaubert. USCG Pollution Abatement Program: A
Preliminary Study of Vessel and Boat Exhaust Emissions. U.S. Department of Transportation, Transportation
Systems Center. Cambridge, Mass. Prepared for the United States Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. Report No.
DOT-TSC-USCG-72-3. November 1971. H9 p.
3.2.3-6
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
2. Souza, A. F. A Study of Emissions from Coast Guard Cutters. Final Report. Scott Research Laboratories, Inc.
Plumsteadville, Pa. Prepared for the Department of Transportation, Transportation Systems Center,
Cambridge, Mass., under Contract No. DOT-TSC-429. February 1973.
3. Wallace, B. L. Evaluation of Developed Methodology for Shipboard Steam Generator Systems. Department of
the Navy. Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Materials Department. Annapolis, Md. Report No.
28463. March 1973. 18 p.
4. Waldron, A. L. Sampling of Emission Products from Ships' Boiler Stacks. Department of the Navy. Naval Ship
Research and Development Center. Annapolis, Md. Report No. 28-169. April 1972. 7 p. j
5. Foerasler, R. 0. Naval Ship Systems Air Contamination Control and Environmental Data Base Programs;
Progress Report. Department of the Navy, Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Annapolis, Md.
Report No. 28-443. February 1973.9 p.
6. The Boating Business 1972. The Boating Industry Magazine. Chicago, 111. 1973.
7. Hare, C. T. and K. J. Springer. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using
Internal Combustion Engines. Final Report Part 2. Outboard Motors, Southwest Research Institute. San
Antonio, Tex. Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., under
Contract No. EHS 70-108. January 1973. 57 p.
8. Hurst, J. W. 1974 Chrysler Gasoline Marine Engines. Chrysler Corporation. Detroit, Mich.
9. Mereruiser Sterndrives/ Inboards 73. Mercury Marine, Division of the Brunswick Corporation. Fond du LUC,
Wise. 1972.
10. Boating 1972. Marex. Chicago, Illinois, and the National Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers,
Greenwich, Conn. 1972. 8 p.
11. Transportation Lines on the Great Lakes System 1970. Transportation Series 3, Corps of Engineers, United
States Army, Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. New Orleans, La. 1970. 26 p.
12. Transportation Lines on the Mississippi and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway 1970. Transportation Series 4.
Corps of Engineers, United States Army, Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. New Orleans, La. 1970. 232
P-
13. Transportation Lines on the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts 1970. Transportation Series 5. Corps of
Engineers. United States Army. Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center, New Orleans, La. 1970. 201 p.
14. Schueneman, J. J. Some Aspects of Marine Air Pollution Problems on the Great Lakes. J. Air Pol. Control
Assoc. 14:23-29, September 1964.
15. 1971 Inland Waterborne Commerce Statistics. The American Waterways Operations, Inc. Washington, D^C,
October 1972. 38 p,
16. Horsepower on the Inland Waterways. List No. 23. The Waterways Journal. St. Louis, Mo. 1972. 2 p,
17. Hare, C. T. and K. J. Springer. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Usimg
Internal Combustion Engines. Part 1. Locomotive Diesel Engines and Marine Counterparts. Southwest
Research Institute. San Antonio, Tex. Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C., under Contract No. EHS 70-108. October 1972. 39 p.
18. Pearson, J. R. Ships as Sources of Emissions. Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency. Seattle, Wa»h.
(Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest International Section of the Air Pollution Control
Association. Portland, Ore. November 1969.)
19. Study of Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles in Six Cities. Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc. $an
Bernardino, Calif. Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., under
Contract No. 68-04-0042. June 1971.
1/75 Internal Combustion Engine Sources 3.2.3-7
-------
-------
3,2.5 Small, General Utility Engines Revised by Charles C Mass&r
3.2.5,1 General-TMs category of engines comprises small 2-stroke and 4-stroke, air-cooled, gasoline-powered
motors. Examples of the uses of these engines are: lawnmowers, small electric generators, compressors, pumpjs,
minibikes, snowthrowers, and garden tractors. This category does not include motorcycles, outboard motors, chain
saws, and snowmobiles, which are either included in other parts of this chapter or are not included because of the
lack of emission data.
Approximately 89 percent of the more than 44 million engines of this category in service in the United States
are used in lawn and garden applications.1
3.2.5.2 Emissions— Emissions from these engines are reported in Table 3.2.5-1. For the purpose of emission
estimation, engines in this category have been divided into lawn and garden (2-stroke), lawn and garden (4-strok^),
and miscellaneous (4-stroke). Emission factors are presented in terms of horsepower hours, annual usage, and fuel
consumption.
References for Section 3.2.5
1. Donahue, J, A., G. C. Hardwick, H. K, Newhall, K. S. Sanvordenker, and N. C. Woelffer. Small Engine Exhaust
Emissions and Air Quality in the United States. (Presented at the Automotive Engineering Confess, Society of
Automotive Engineers, Detroit. January 1972.)
2. Hare, C. T, and K. J. Springer, Study of Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related
Equipment Using Internal Combustion Engines. Part IV, Small Air-Cooled Spark Ignition Utility Engirtes.
Final Report. Southwest Research Institute. San Antonio, Tex. Prepared for the Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., under Contract No. EHS 70-108. May 1973.
1/75 Internal Combustion Enjpne Sources 3.2,5-1
-------
Table 3.2.5-1. EMISSION FACTORS FOR SMALL. GENERAL UTILITY ENGINES3'13
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: B
Engine
2-Stroke, lawn
and garden
g/hphr
g/metrie
hphr
g/gal of
fuel
g/unit-
year
4-Stroke, lawn
and garden
g/hphr
g/metrie
hphr
g/gal of
fuel
g/unit-
year
4-Stroke
miscellaneous
g/hphr
g/rnetrie
hphr
g/gal of
fuel
g/unit-
year
Sulfur
oxides^
(SOX as SO2)
0.54
0.54
1.80
38
0.37
0.37
2.37
26
0.39
0.39
2.45
30
Particulate
7.1
7.1
23,6
470
0.44
0.44
2.82
31
0.44
0.44
2.77
34
Carbon
monoxide
486
486
1,618
33.400
279
279
1,790
19,100
250
250
1,571
19,300
Hydrocarbons
Exhaust
214
214
713
14,700
23.2
23.2
149
1,590
15.2
15.2
95,5
1,170
Evaporative11
-
' - .
-
113
-
-
—
113
—
-
-
290
Nitrogen
oxides
(NOX as N02)
1.58
1.58
5.26
108
3.17
3.17
20,3
217
4.97
4.97
31.2
384
Alde-
hydes
(HCHO)
2.04
2.04
6.79
140
0.49
0.49
3.14
34
0.47
0.47
2.95
36
Reference 2.
Values for g/unit-year were calculated assuming an annual usage of 50 hours and a 40 percent load factor. Factors for g/hphr can
be used in instances where annual usages, load factors, and rated horsepower are known. Horsepower hours are the product of the
usage in hours, the load factor, and the rated horsepower.
'Values calculated, not measured, based on the use of 0.043 percent sulfur content fuel,
Values calculated from annual fuel consumption. Evaporative losses from storage'and filling operations are not included (see
Chapter 4).
3.2.5-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
3.2.6 Agricultural Equipment
by DavidS. Kircher
3.2,6.1 General — Farm equipment can be separated into two major categories: wheeled tractors and other farrrf
machinery. In 1972, the wheeled tractor population on farms consisted of 4.5 million units with an average power
of approximately 34 kilowatts (45 horsepower). Approximately 30 percent of the total population of thed)
tractors is powered by diesel engines. The average diesel tractor is more powerful than the average gasoline tractor;,
that is, 52 kW (70 hp) versus 27 kW (36 hp),1 A considerable amount of population and usage data is availably
for farm tractors. For example, the Census of Agriculture reports the number of tractors in use for each county iA
the U.S.2 Few data are available on the usage and numbers of non-tractor farm equipment, however. Self-propelled
combines, forage harvesters, irrigation pumps, and auxiliary engines on pull-type combines and balers are example^
of non-tractor agricultural uses of internal combustion engines. Table 3.2.6-1 presents data on this equipment for
the U.S. ;
3.2.6,2 Emissions — Emission factors for wheeled tractors and other farm machinery are presented in Tablje
3.2,6-2. Estimating emissions from the time-based emission factors^grams per hour (g/hr) and pounds per hoijr
Ob/hr)—requires an average usage value in hours. An approximate figure of 550 hours per year may be used or, on
the basis of power, the relationship, usage in hours = 450 t 5.24 (kW - 37.2) or usage in hours = 450 + 3.89 (hp -
50) may be employed.^
The best emissions estimates result from the use of "brake specific" emission factors (g/kWh or g/hphrj),
Emissions are the product of the brake specific emission factor, the usage in hours, the power available, and ttye
load factor (power used divided by power available). Emissions are also reported in terms of fuel consumed.
Table 3.2,6-1. SERVICE CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM EQUIPMENT
(OTHER THAN TRACTORS)8
Machine
Combine, self-
propelled
Combine, pull
type
Corn pickers
and pieker-
shellers
Pick-up balers
Forage
harvesters
Miscellaneous
Units in
service, xlQ3
434
289
687
655
29S
1205
Typical
size
4.3m
(14ft)
2.4m
(8ft)
2-row
5400 kg/hr
(6 ton/hr)
3,7m
(12 ft) or
3-row
-
Typical power
kW
82
19
_b
30
104
22
hp
110
25
40
140
30
Percent
gasoline
50
100
100
0
BO
Percent
diesel
5D
10
In
0
100
$0
Reference 1.
Unpowered.
1/75
Internal Combustion Engine Sources
3.2J6-1
-------
Table 3.2.6-2. EMISSION FACTORS FOR WHEELED FARM TRACTORS AND
NON-TRACTOR- AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT8
EMISSION FACTOR RATING; C
Pollutant
Carbon monoxide
g/hr
Ib/hr
9/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Exhaust
hydrocarbons
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Crank case
hydrocarbons'*
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Evaporative
hydrocarbons"
g/unit-year
Ib/unit-year
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX as N02)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Aldehydes
(RCHO as HCHO)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Sulfur oxides0
(SOX as S02)
g/hr
Ib/hr
Diesel farm
tractor
161
0.355
4.48
3.34
14.3
119
77.8
0.172
2.28
1.70
7.28
60.7
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
-
452
0.996
12.6
9.39
40.2
335
16.3
0.036
0.456
0.340
1.46
12.1
42.2
0.093
Gasoline farm
tractor
3,380
7.46
192
143
391
3,260
128
0.282
7.36
5.49
15.0
125
26.0
0.057
1.47
1.10
3.01
25.1
15,600
34.4
157
0,346
8.88
8.62
18.1
151
7.07
0.016
0.402
0.300
0.821
6.84
5.56
0,012
Diesel farm
equipment
(non-tractor)
95.2
0,210
5.47
4.08
16.7
139
38.6
0.085
2.25
1.68
6.85
57.1
-
—
-
—
_
—
_
—
210
0.463
12.11
9.03
36.8
307
7.23
0.016
0.402
0.30
1.22
10.2
21.7
0.048
Gasoline farm
equipment
(non-tractor)
4,360
9.62
292
218
492
4,100
143
0.315
9.63
7.18
16.2
135
28.6
0.063
1J3
1.44
3.25
27.1
1,600
3.53
105
0.231
7.03
5.24
11.8
98.5
4.76
0.010
0.295
0.220
0.497
4.14
6.34
0.014
3.2.6-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
Table 3.2.6-2. (continued). EMISSION FACTORS FOR WHEELED FARM TRACTORS AND
NON-TRACTOR AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT3
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Pollutant
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Particulate
9/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
!b/103 gal
Diesel farm
tractor
1.17
0.874
3.74
31.2
61.8
0.136
1.72
1.28
5.48
45.7
Gasoline farm
tractor
0.312
0.233
0,637
5.31
8.33
0.018
0.471
0.361
0.960
8.00
Oieiel farm
equipment
(non- tractor)
1.23
0.916
3.73
31.1
34.9
0.077
2.02
1.51
6.16
51.3
Gasoline farm
equipment
(non-tractor) ,
0.377
0.281
0.634
5.28 :
7.94
0.017
0.489
0.365
0.823
6.86
Reference 1.
Crankcase and evaporative emissions from diesel engines are considered negligible.
cNot measured. Calculated from fuel sulfur content of 0.043 percent and 0.22 percent for gasoline-powered and diesel-
powered equipment, respectively.
References for Section 3.2,6
1. Hare, C. T, and K. J. Springer. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment U$ing
Internal Combustion Engines. Final Report. Part 5: Heavy-Duty Farm, Construction and Industrial Engines.
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Tex. Prepared for Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, N.C., under Contract No. EHS 70408. August 1973.97 p,
2. County Farm Reports. U.S. Census of Agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C,
1/75
Internal Combustion Engine Sources
3.2i6-3
-------
-------
3,2.7 Heavy-Duty Construction Equipment by David S. Klrcher
3.2,7.1 General — Because few sales, population, or usage data are available for construction equipment, a number
of assumptions were necessary in formulating the emission factors presented in this section.* The useful lifejof
construction equipment is fairly short because of the frequent and severe usage it must endure. The annual usageiof
the various categories of equipment considered here ranges from 740 hours (wheeled tractors and rollers) to 2000
hours (scrapers and off-highway trucks). This high level of use results in average vehicle lifetimes of only 6 toj!6
years. The equipment categories in this section include; tracklaying tractors, tracklaying shovel loaders, motor
graders, scrapers, off-highway trucks, wheeled loaders, wheeled tractors, rollers, wheeled dozers, and miscellaneous
machines. The latter category contains a vast array of less numerous mobile and semi-mobile machines usedj in
construction, such as, belt loaders, cranes, pumps, mixers, and generators. With the exception of rollers, the
majority of the equipment within each category is diesel-powered.
3.2.7.2 Emissions - Emission factors for heavy-duty construction equipment are reported in Table 3,2.7-1 for
diesel engines and in Table 3.2.7-2 for gasoline engines. The factors are reported in three different forms—on the
basis of running time, fuel consumed, and power consumed. In order to estimate emissions from time-based
emission factors, annual equipment usage in hours must be estimated. The following estimates of use for (the
equipment listed in the tables should permit reasonable emission calculations, \
Category
Tracklaying tractors
Tracklaying shovel loaders
Motor paders
Scrapers
Off-highway trucks
Wheeled loaders
Wheeled tractors
Rollers
Wheeled dozers
Miscellaneous
Annual operation, hours/year
1050
1100
830
2000
2000
1140
740
740
2000
1000
The best method for calculating emissions, however, is on the basis of "brake specific" emission factors (g/kWh
or g/hphr). Emissions are calculated by taking the product of the brake specific emission factor, the usage in hours,
the power available (that is, rated power), and the load factor (the power actually used divided by the power
available).
References for Section 3.2.7
1. Hare, C. T. and K. J. Springer. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using
Internal Combustion Engines - Final Report. Part 5: Heavy-Duty Farm, Construction, and Industrial Engjtaes.
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Tex. Prepared for Environmental Protection Agency, Reseprch
Triangle Park, N.C., under Contract No. EHS 70-108. October 1973.105 p.
2. Hare, C. T. Letter to C. C. Masser of Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 1P.C.,
concerning fuel-based emission rates for farm, construction, and industrial engines, San Antonio, Tex. Janjuary
14,1974.4 p.
1/75 Internal Combustion Engine Sources 3.2.7-1
-------
Table 3.2,7-1. EMISSION FACTORS FOR HEAVY-DUTY, DIESEL-POWERED CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT8
EMISSION FACTOR RATING; C
Pollutant
Carbon monoxide
g/hr
ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/ 10s liter
lb/103 gal
Exhaust hydrocarbons
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX as N02)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/10$ liter
lb/103 gal
Aldehydes
(RCHO as HCHO)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Sulfur oxides
(SOX as SO2)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Particulate
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Tracklaying
tractor
175.
0.386
3.21
2.39
10.5
87.5
50.1
0.110
0.919
0.685
3.01
25.1
665.
1.47
12.2
9.08
39.8
332.
12.4
0,027
0.228
0.170
0.745
6.22
62.3
0.137
1.14
0.851
3.73
31.1
50.7
0.112
0.928
0.692
3.03
25.3
Wheeled
tractor
973.
2.15
5.90
4.40
19.3
161.
67.2
0.148
1.86
1.39
6.10
50.9
451.
0.994
12.5
9.35
41.0
342.
13.5
0.030
0.378
0.282
1.23
10.3
40.9
0.090
1.14
0.851
3.73
31.1
61.5
0.136
1.70
1.27
5.57
46.5
Wheeled
dozer
335.
0.739
2.45
1.83
7.90
65.9
106.
0.234
0.772
0.578
2.48
20.7
2290.
5.05
16.8
12.5
53.9
450.
29.5
0.065
0.215
0.160
0.690
5.76
158.
0.348
1.16
0.867
3.74
31.2
75.
0.165
0.551
0.41 1
1.77
14.8
Scraper
660.
1.46
3.81
2.84
11.8
98.3
284.
0.626
1.64
1.22
5.06
42.2
2820.
6.22
16.2
12.1
50.2
419.
65.
0.143
0.375
0.280
1.16
9.69
210.
0.463
1.21
0.901
3.74
31.2
184.
0.406
1.06
0.789
3.27
27.3
Motor
grader
97,7
0.215
2.94
2.19
9.35
78.0
24.7
0.054
0.656
0.489
2.09
17.4
478.
1.05
14.1
10.5
44,8
374.
5.54
0.012
0,162
0.121
0.517
4.31
39.0
0.086
1.17
0.874
3,73
31.1
27.7
0.061
0.838
0.625
2.66
22.2
References 1 and 2.
3.2.7-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
Table 3.2.7-1 (continued). EMISSION FACTORS FOR HEAVY-DUTY, DIESEL-POWERED
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Pollutant
Carbon monoxide
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Exhaust hydrocarbons
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 pi
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX as N02)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Aldehydes
(RCHO as HCHO)
8/hr
Ib/hr
i/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Sulfur oxides
(SOX as S02)
fl/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Particulate
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Wheeled
loader
251.
O.SS3
3.51
2.62
11.4
95.4
84.7
0.187
1.19
0.888
3.87
32.3
1090.
2.40
15.0
11.2
48.9
408.
18.8
0.041
0.264
0.197
0.8S9
7.17
82,5
0.182
1.15
0.857
3.74
31.2
77.9
0.172
1.08
0.805
3.51
29.3
Tracklaying
loader
72,5
0.160
2.41
1.80
7.90
65.9
14J
0.032
0.485
0.362
1.58
13.2
265.
0.584
8.80
6.56
28.8
240.
4.00
0.009
0.134
0.100
0.439
3.66
34.4
0.076
1.14
0.853
3.74
31.2
26.4
0.058
0.878
0.655
2.88
24.0
Off-
Highway
truck
610.
1.34
3.51
2.62
11.0
92.2
198.
0.437
1.14
0.853
3.60
30.0
3460.
7.63
20.0
14.9
62.8
524.
51.0
0.112
0.295
0.220
0.928
7.74
206.
0.454
1.19
0.887
3.74
31.2
116.
0.256
0.673
0.502
2.12
17.7
Roller
83.5
0.184
4.89
3.65
13.7
114.
24.7
0.054
1.05
0.781
2.91
24.3
474.
1.04
21.1
15.7
58.5
488.
7.43
0.016
0.263
0.196
0.731
6.10
30,5
0.067
1.34
1.00
3.73
31.1
22.7
0.050
1.04
0.778
2.90
24.2
Miscel-
laneous
188.
0.414
3.78I
2.82!
11.3
94.2 ,
71.4
0.1 57
1.38
1.04
4.16^
34.7
1030.
2.27
19.8J
14.8 i
59.2
494. i
13.9
O.OS1
0.272
0.2(33
0.8^3
6.78
I
64.7
O.W3
1.25
0.932
3.73
31.1.
63.2
0.139
1.21
OJ02
3.61
30.1
References 1 and 2.
1/7$
Internal Combustion Engine Sources
-------
Table 3.2.7-2. EMISSION FACTORS FOR HEAVY-DUTY GASOLINE-POWERED
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Pollutant
Carbon monoxide
g/hr
Ib/hr
0/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Exhaust hydrocarbons
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Evaporative
hydrocarbons'5
g/hr
Ib/hr
Crankcase
hydrocarbons^
g/hr
Ib/hr
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX as NO2)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Aldehydes
(RCHO as HCHO)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 pi
Sulfur oxides
(SOX as S02)
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Wheeled
tractor
4320.
9.52
190.
142.
389.
3250.
164.
0,362
7.16
5.34
14.6
122.
30,i
0.0681
32.6
0.0719
195.
0.430
8.54
6.37
17.S
146.
7.97
0.0176
0.341
0.254
0.697
5.82
7.03
0.01 5S
0.304
0.227
0.623
5.20
Motor
grader
5490.
12.1
251.
187.
469.
3910.
186.
0.410
8.48
6.32
15.8
132.
30.0
0.0661
37.1
0.0818
145.
0.320
6.57
4.90
12.2
102.
8.80
0.0194
0.386
0.288
0.721
6.02
7.59
0.0167
0.341
0.254
0.636
5.31
Wheeled
loader
7060.
15.6
219.
163.
435.
3630.
241.
0.531
7.46
5.56
14.9
124.
29.7
0.0655
48.2
0.106
235.
0.518
7.27
5.42
14.5
121.
9.65
0.0213
0.298
0.222
0.593
4.95
10.6
0.0234
0.319
0.238
0.636
5.31
Roller
6080.
13.4
271,
202,
460.
3840.
277.
0.611
12.40
9.25
21.1
176.
28.2
0.0622
55.5
0.122
164.
0.362
7.08
5.28
12.0
100.
7.57
0.0167
0.343
0.256
0.582
4.86
8.38
0.0185
0.373
0.278
0.633
5.28
Miscel-
laneous
7720.
17.0
266.
198.
475.
3960.
254.
0.560
8.70
6.49
15,6
130.
21.4
0.0560
50.7
0,112
187.
0.412
6.42
4.79
11.5
95,8
9.00
0.0198
0.298
0.222
0.532
4.44
10.6
0.0234
0.354
0.264
0.633
5.28
3.2.7-4
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
Table 3.2,7-2. (continued). EMISSION FACTORS FOR HEAVY-DUTY GASOLINE-POWERED
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT3
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Pollutant
Paniculate
fl/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Wheeled
tractor
10.9
0.0240
0.484
0.361
0.991
8,2?
Motor
grader
9.40
0.0207
0.440
0.328
0.822
6.86
Wheeled
loader
13,5
0.0298
0.421
0.314
0.839
7.00
Roller
11.8
0.0260
0.527
0.393
0.895
7.47
Miscel-
laneous
11.7
0.0258
0.4C|6
0.303
0.7^6
Q.Q&
References 1 and 2.
Evaporative and crankcase hydrocarbons based on operating time only (Reference 1).
1/75
Internal Combustion Engine Sources
3.2.7-tf
-------
-------
3.2,8 Snowmobiles by Charles C, Mass?r
3,2,8.1 General — In order to develop emission factors for snowmobiles, mass emission rates must be known, and
operating cycles representative of usage in the field must be either known or assumed. Extending the applicability
of data from tests of a few vehicles to the total snowmobile population requires additional information on tjhe
composition of the vehicle population by engine size and type. In addition, data on annual usage and total machine
population are necessary when the effect of this source on national emission levels is estimated.
An accurate determination of the number of snowmobiles in use is quite easily obtained because most states
require registration of the vehicles. The most notable features of these registration data are that almost 1,5 millipn
sleds are operated in the United States, that more than 70 percent of the snowmobiles are registered in just fqur
states (Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and New York), and that only about 12 percent of all snowmobiles are
found in areas outside the northeast and northern midwest.
3.2.8.2 Emissions — Operating data on snowmobiles are somewhat limited, but enough are available so that an
attempt can be made to construct a representative operating cycle. The required end products of this effort are
time-based weighting factors for the speed/load conditions at which the test engines were operated; use of th0se
factors will permit computation of "cycle composite" mass emissions, power consumption, fuel consumption, a[nd
specific pollutant emissions,
Emission factors for snowmobiles were obtained through an EPA-contracted study I in which a variety! of
snowmobile engines were tested to obtain exhaust emissions data. These emissions data along with annual usage
data were used by the contractor to estimate emission factors and the nationwide emission impact of this pollutant
source.
To arrive at average emission factors for snowmobiles, a reasonable estimate of average engine size tyas
necessary. Weighting the size of the engine to the degree to which each engine is assumed to be representative1 of
the total population of engines in service resulted in an estimated average displacement of 362 cubic centimeters
(cm3).
The speed/load conditions at which the test engines were operated represented, as closely as possible, the
normal operation of snowmobiles in the field. Calculations using the fuel consumption data obtained during the
tests and the previously approximated average displacement of 362 cm3 resulted in an estimated average fuel
consumption of 0,94 gal/hr,
To compute snowmobile emission factors on a gram per unit year basis, it is necessary to know not only the
emission factors but also the annual operating time. Estimates of this usage are discussed in Reference 1. On a
national basis, however, average snowmobile usage can be assumed to be 60 hours per year. Emission factors;for
snowmobiles are presented in Table 3.2,8-1.
References for Section 3.2.8
1. Hare, C. T, and K, J, Springer. Study of Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related
Equipment Using Internal Combustion Engines. Final Report. Part 7: Snowmobiles. Southwest Research
Institute, San Antonio, Tex. Prepared for Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, M.C.,
under Contract No. EHS 70408. April 1974.
1/75 Internal Combustion Engine Sources 3.2.^-1
-------
Table 3.2.8-1. EMISSION FACTORS FOR
SNOWMOBILES
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: B
Pollutant
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur oxidesC
Solid participate
Aldehydes (RCHO)
Emissions
g/unit-year8
58,700
37,800
600
51
1,670
552
g/galb
1,040.
670.
10.6
0.90
29.7
9.8
g/literb
275.
177.
2.8
0.24
7.85
2.6
g/hrb
978.
630.
10.0
0.85
27.9
9.2
a a
Based on 60 hours of operation per year and 362 cm displacement.
Based on 382 cm9 displacement and average fuel consumption of 0.94 gal/hr.
cBased on sulfur content of 0,043 percent by weight.
3.2.8-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
3.3 OFF-HIGHWAY, STATIONARY SOURCES by David S. Kircher and
Charles C. Masker
In general, engines included in this category are internal combustion engines used in applications similar to thpse
associated with external combustion sources (see Chapter 1). The major engines within this category are gas
turbines and large, heavy-duty, general utility reciprocating engines. Emission data currently available for these
engines are limited to gas turbines and natural-gas-fired, heavy-duty, generil utility engines. Most stationary
internal combustion engines are used to generate electric power, to pump gas or other fluids, or to compress air par
pneumatic machinery. ;
3.3,1 Stationary Gas Turbines for Electric Utility Power Plants
3.3.1.1 General — Stationary gas turbines find application in electric power generators, in gas pipeline pump ind
compressor drives, and in various process industries. The majority of these engines are used in electrical generation
for continuous, peaking, or standby power.1 The primary fuels used are natural gas and No. 2 (distillate) fuel |oil,
although residual oil is used in a few applications.
3,3,1,2 Emissions — Data on gas turbines were gathered and summarized under an EPA contract.2 The contractor
found that several investigators had reported data on emissions from gas turbines used in electrical generation but
that little agreement existed among the investigators regarding the terms in which the emissions were expressed.
The efforts represented by this section include acquisition of the data and their conversion to uniform terjms.
Because many sets of measurements reported by the contractor were not complete, this conversion often involved
assumptions on engine air flow or fuel flow rates (based on manufacturers* data). Mother shortcoming of jthe
available information was that relatively few data were obtained at loads below maximum rated (or base) load.
Available data on the population and usage of gas turbines in electric utility power plants are fairly extensive,
and information from the various sources appears to be in substantial agreement. The source providing the most
complete information is the Federal Power Commission, which requires major utilities (electric revenues of $1
million or more) to submit operating and financial data on an annual basis. Sawyer and Farmer3 employed these
data to develop statistics on the use of gas turbines for electric generation in 1971. Although their report involved
only the major, publicly owned utilities (not the private or investor-owned companies), the statistics do appear to
include about 87 percent of the gas turbine power used for electric generation in 1971.
Of the 253 generating stations listed by Sawyer and Farmer, 137 have more than one turbine-generator unit.
From the available data, it is not possible to know how many hours each turbine was operated during 19711 for
these multiple-turbine plants. The remaining 116 (single-turbine) units, however, were operated an average of 1|196
hours during 1971 (or 13,7 percent of the time), and their average load factor (percent of rated load) duHng
operation was 86.8 percent. This information alone is not adequate for determining a representative operating
pattern for electric utility turbines, but it should help prevent serious errors.
Using 1196 hours of operation per year and 250 starts per year as normal, the resulting average operating d^y is
about 4.8 hours long. One hour of no-load time per day would represent about 21 percent of operating time, which
is considered somewhat excessive. For economy considerations, turbines are not run at off-design conditions .any
longer than necessary, so time spent at intermediate power points is probably minimal. The bulk of turbine
operation must be at base or peak load to achieve the high load factor already mentioned.
If it is assumed that time spent at off-design conditions includes 15 percent at zero load and 2 percent each at
25 percent, 50 percent, and 75 percent load, then the percentages of operating time at rated load (100 percent)
and peak load (assumed to be 125 percent of rated) can be calculated to produce an 86.8 percent load factor.
These percentages turn out to be 19 percent at peak load and 60 percent at rated load; the postulated cycle b^sed
on this line of reasoning is summarized in Table 3.3.1 -1.
1/75 Internal Combustion Engine Sources 3.3H-1
-------
Table 3.3.1-1. TYPICAL OPERATING CYCLE FOR ELECTRIC
UTILITY TURBINES
Condition,
% of rated
power
0
25
50
75
100 (base)
125 (peak)
Percent operating
time spent
at condition
15
2
2
2
60
19
Time at condition
based on 4.8-hr day
hours
0,72
0.10
0.10
0.10
2.88
0.91 f
4.81
minutes
43
6
6
6
173
55
289
Contribution to load
factor at condition
0.00x0,15 = 0.0
0.23 x 0.02 = 0.005
0.80x0.02 = 0.010
0.75x0.02 = 0.015
1.0 x 0.60 = 0.60
1.25x0.19 = 0.238
Load factor =0.868
The operating cycle in Table 3.3.1-1 is used to compute emission factors, although it is only an estimate of actual
operating patterns.
Table 3.3-1-2. COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS FOR 1971
POPULATION OF ELECTRIC UTILITY TURBINES
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: B
Time basis
Entire population
Ib/hr rated loada
kg/hr rated load
Gas-fired only
Ib/hr rated load
kg/hr rated load
Oil-fired only
Ib/hr rated load
kg/hr rated load
Fuel basis
Gas-fired only
Ib/106ft3gas
kg/106 m3 gas
Oil-fired only
lb/103galoil
kg/103 liter oil
Nitrogen
oxides
8.84
4.01
7.81
3.54
9.60
4.35
413.
6615.
67.8
8.13
Hydro-
carbons
0.79
0.36
0.79
0.36
0.79
0.36
42.
673.
B.57
0.668
Carbon
Monoxide
2.18
0.99
2.18
0.99
2.18
0.99
115.
1842.
15.4
1.85
Partic-
ulate
0.52
0.24
0.27
0.12
0,71
0.32
14.
224.
5.0
0.60
Sulfur
oxides
0.33
0.15
0.098
0.044
0.50
0.23
5.2
83.
3.5
0,42
Rated load expressed in megawatts.
Table 3,3.1-2 is the resultant composite emission factors based on the operating cycle of Table 3.3.1-1 and the
1971 population of electric utility turbines.
3.3.1-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
Different values for time at base and peak loads are obtained by changing the total time at lower loads (0
through 75 percent) or by changing the distribution of time spent at lower loads. The cycle given in Table 3.3.Irl
seems reasonable, however, considering the fixed load factor and the economies of turbine operation. Note that the
cycle determines only the importance of each load condition in computing composite emission factors for ea^h
type of turbine, not overall operating hours,
The top portion of Table 3,3.1-2 gives separate factors for gas-fired and oil-fired units, and tht bottom portion
gives fuel-based factors that can be used to estimate emission rates when overall fuel consumption data ajre
available. Fuel-based emission factors on a mode basis would also be useful but present Fuel consumption data ajre
not adequate for this purpose.
References for Section 3.3.1
1. O'Keefe, W. and R. G. Schwieger. Prime Movers. Power. 115(11): 522-531. November 1971,
2, Hare, C. T, and K. J. Springer. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using
Internal Combustion Engines. Final Report. Part 6: Gas Turbine Electric Utility Power Plants. Southwest
Research Institute, San Antonio, Tex. Prepared for Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Paric,
N.C., under Contract No. EHS 70-108, February 1974.
3. Sawyer, V. W, and R. C, Farmer, Gas Turbines in U.S. Electric Utilities. Gas Turbine International. January; -
April 1973.
Internal Combustion Engine Sources 3.3. J-
-------
-------
3.3.3 Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines
by David S, Kircher
3.3.3-1 General - This engine category covers a wide variety of industrial applications of both gasoline and dies^l
internal combustion power plants, such as fork lift trucks, mobile refrigeration units, generators, pumps, and
portable well-drilling equipment. The rated power of these engines covers a rather substantial range-from less thiin
15 kW to 186 kW (20 to 250 hp) for gasoline engines and from 34 kW to 447 kW (45 to 600 hp) for diesel engines.
Understandably, substantial differences in both annual usage (hours per year) and engine duty cycles also exist. It
was necessary, therefore, to make reasonable assumptions concerning usage in order to formulate emission
factors.1
3.3.3-2 Emissions - Once reasonable usage and duty cycles for this category were ascertained, emission values
from each of the test engines 1 were aggregated (on the basis of nationwide engine population statistics) to arrive it
the factors presented in Table 3.3.3-1. Because of their aggregate nature, data contained in this table must foe
applied to a population of industrial engines rather than to an individual power plant.
The best method for calculating emissions is on the basis of "brake specific" emission factors (g/kWh Or
Ib/hphr). Emissions are calculated by taking the product of the brake specific emission factor, the usage in hou^s
(that is, hours per year or hours per day), the power available (rated power), and the load factor (the power
actually used divided by the power available).
Table 3.3.3-1. EMISSION FACTORS FOR GASOLINE-
AND DIESEL-POWERED INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Engine category*3
Pollutant8
Carbon monoxide
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Exhaust hydrocarbons
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Evaporative hydrocarbons
g/hr
Ib/hr
Crankcase hydrocarbons
g/hr
Ib/hr
Gasoline
5700.
12.6
267.
199.
472.
3940.
191.
0.421
8.95
6.68
15.8
132.
62.0
0.137
38.3
0.084
Diesel
197.
0.434
4.06
3.03
12.2
102.
72.8
0.160
1.50
1.12
4.49
37.5
-
—
1/75
Internal Combustion Engine Sources
3.3.3hl
-------
Table 3.3.3-1. (continued). EMISSION FACTORS FOR GASOLINE-
AND DIESEL-POWERED INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
EMISSION FACTOR RATING; C
Pollutant3
Nitrogen oxides
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Aldehydes
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 pi
Sulfur oxides
§/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
g/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 pi
Paniculate
g/hr
Ib/hr
g/kWh
B/hphr
kg/103 liter
lb/103 gal
Engine category'3
Gasoline
148.
0,326
6,92
5.16
12.2
102.
6.33
0,014
0,30
0.22
0,522
4.36
7.67
0.017
0.359
0.268
0.636
5.31
9.33
0.021
0.439
0.327
0.775
6.47
Diesel
910.
2.01
18.8
14.0
56.2
469.
13.7
0.030
0,28
0.21
0.84
7.04
60.5
0.133
1.25
0.931
3.74
31.2
65.0
0.143
1.34
1.00
4.01
33.5
References 1 and 2,
As discussed in the text, the engines used to determine the results in this
table cover a wide range of uses and power. The listed values do not,
however, neeeisarily apply to some very large stationary diesil engines.
References for Section 3.3.3
1. Hare, C. T. and K. J, Springer. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using
Internal Combustion Engines. Final Report. Part 5: Heavy-Duty Farm, Construction, and Industrial Engines.
Southwest Research Institute. San Antonio, Texas. Prepared for Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, N.C., under Contract No. EHS 70-108. October 1973.105 p.
2, Hare, C. T. Letter to C. C. Masser of the Environmental Protection Agency concerning fuel-based emission
rates for farm, construction, and industrial engines. San Antonio, Tex. January 14,1974.
3.3.3-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
6.10 PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS
Nearly all phosphatic fertilizers are made from naturally occurring, phosphorus-containing minerals such
phosphate rock. Because the phosphorus content of these minerals is not in a form that is readily available t|
growing plants, the minerals must be treated to convert the phosphorus to a plant-available form. This conversio^i
can be done either by the process of acidulation or by a thermal process. The intermediate steps of the mining of
phosphate rock and the manufacture of phosphoric acid are not included in this section as they are discussed i^i
other sections of this publication; it should be kept in mind, however, that large integrated plants may have all of
these operations taking place at one location.
In this section phosphate fertilizers have been divided into three categories: (1) normal superphosphate,
triple superphosphate, and (3) ammonium phosphate. Emission factors for the various processes involved
shown in Table 6.10-1.
Table 6.10-1. EMISSION FACTORS FOR THE PRODUCTION
OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Type of product
Normal superphosphate1"
Grinding, drying
Main stack
Triple superphosphate11
Run-of-pile (ROP)
Granular
Diammonium phosphate0
Dryer, cooler
Ammoniator-granulator
Particulates3
Ib/ton
9
—
-
—
80
2
kg/MT
4.5
—
-
—
40
1
aControl efficiencies of 99 percent can be obtained with fabric filters.
''References 1 through 3.
CReferences 1,4, and 5 through 8.
6.10.1 Normal Superphosphate
6.10.1.1 General4 ''-Normal superphosphate (also called single or ordinary superphosphate) is the product
resulting from the acidulation of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid. Normal superphosphate contains from 16 to
22 percent phosphoric anhydride (Pfls)- The physical steps involved in making superphosphate are: (1) mixing
rock and acid, (2) allowing the mix to assume a solid form (denning), and (3) storing (curing) the material to
allow the acidulation reaction to be completed. After the curing period, the product can be ground and bagged
for sale, the cured superphosphate can be sold directly as run-of-pile product, or the material can be granulated
for sale as granulated superphosphate.
2/72
Food and Agricultural Industry
6.10-1
-------
6.10.1.2 Emissions — The gases released from the acidulation of phosphate rock contain silicon tetrafluoride,
carbon dioxide, steam, participates, and sulfur oxides. The sulfur oxide emissions arise from the reaction of
phosphate rock and sulfuric acid.'0
If a granulated superphosphate is produced, the vent gases from the granulator-ammoniator may contain
particulates, ammonia, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium chloride, and fertilizer dust. Emissions
from the final drying of the granulated product will include gaseous and particulate fluorides, ammonia, and
fertilizer dust.
6.10.2 Triple Superphosphate
6.10.2.1 General4-9—Triple superphosphate (also called double or concentrated superphosphate) is the product
resulting from the reaction between phosphate rock and phosphoric acid. The product generally contains 44 to
52 percent P205, which is about three times the ^2^5 usually found in normal superphosphates.
Presently, there are three principal methods of manufacturing triple superphosphate. One of these uses a cone
mixer to produce a pulverized product that is particularly suited to the manufacture of ammoniated fertilizers.
This product can be sold as run-of-pile (ROP), or it can be granulated. The second method produces in a
multi-step process a granulated product that is well suited for direct application as a phosphate fertilizer. The
third method combines the features of quick drying and granulation in a single step.
6.10.2.2 Emissions—Most triple superphosphate is the nongranular type. The exit gases from a plant producing
the nongranular product will contain considerable quantities of silicon tetrafluoride, some hydrogen fluoride, and
a small amount of particulates. Plants of this type also emit fluorides from the curing buildings.
In the cases where ROP triple superphosphate is granulated, one of the greatest problems is the emission of
dust and fumes from the dryer and cooler. Emissions from ROP granulation plants include silicon tetrafluoride,
hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, particulate matter, and ammonium chloride.
In direct granulation plants, wet scrubbers are usually used to remove the silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen
fluoride generated from the initial contact between the phosphoric acid and the dried rock. Screening stations
and bagging stations are a source of fertilizer dust emissions in this type of process.
6.10.3 AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
6.10.3.1 General— The two general classes of ammonium phosphates are monammonium phosphate and
diammonium phosphate. The production of these types of phosphate fertilizers is starting to displace the
production of other phosphate fertilizers because the ammonium phosphates have a higher plant food content
and a lower shipping cost per unit weight
There are various processes and process variations in use for manufacturing ammonium phosphates. In general,
phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and anhydrous ammonia are allowed to react to produce the desired grade of
ammonium phosphate. Potash salts are added, if desired, and the product is granulated, dried, cooled, screened,
and stored.
6.10-2 EMISSION FACTORS 2/72
-------
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
This chapter contains emission factor information on those source categories that differ substantially from -and
hence cannot be grouped with—the other "stationary" sources discussed in this publication. These "miscellaneous"
emitters (both natural and man-made) are almost exclusively "area sources", that is, their pollutant generating
process(es) are dispersed over large land areas (for example, hundreds of acres, as in the case of forest wildfires), ^s
opposed to sources emitting from one or more stacks with a total emitting area of only several square feet. Another
characteristic these sources have in common is the nonapplicability, in most cases, of conventional control
methods, such as wet/dry equipment, fuel switching, process changes, etc. Instead, control of these emission?,
where possible it all, may include such techniques as modification of agricultural burning practices, paving with
asphalt or concrete, or stabilization of dirt roads. Finally, miscellaneous sources generally emit pollutants
intermittently, when compared with most stationary point sources. For example, a forest fire may emit large
quantities of particulates and carbon monoxide for several hours or even days, but when measured against the
emissions of a continuous emitter (such as a sulfuric acid plant) over a long period of time (1 year, for example), its
emissions may seem relatively minor. Effects on air quality may also be of relatively short-term duration.
11,1 FOREST WILDFIRES by William M, Vatawk, EPA
and George Yamate, IITf Consultant)
11.1.1 General1
A forest "wildfire" is a large-scale natural combustion process that consumes various ages, sizes, and types of
botanical specimens growing outdoors in a defined geographical area. Consequently, wildfires are potential sources
of large amounts of air pollutants that should be considered when trying to relate emissions to air quality.
The size and intensity (or even the occurrence) of a wildfire is directly dependent on such variables as the local
meteorological conditions, the species of trees and their moisture content, and the weight of consumable fuel pf r
acre (fuel loading). Once a fire begins, the dry combustible material (usually small undergrowth and forest floor
litter) is consumed first, and if the energy release is large and of sufficient duration, the drying of green, live
material occurs with subsequent burning of this material as well as the larger dry material. Under proper
environmental and fuel conditions, this process may initiate a chain reaction that results in a widespread
conflagration.
The complete combustion of a forest fuel will require a heat flux (temperature gradient), an adequate oxygen
supply, and sufficient burning time. The size and quantity of forest fuels, the meteorological conditions, and the
topographic features interact to modify and change the burning behavior as the fire spreads; thus, the wildfire will
attain different degrees of combustion during its lifetime.
The importance of both fuel type and fuel loading on the fire process cannot be overemphasized. To meet the
pressing need for this kind of information, the U.S. Forest Service is developing a country-wide fuel identification
system (model) that will provide estimates of fuel loading by tree-size class, in tons per acre. Further, the
environmental parameters of wind, slope, and expected moisture changes have been superimposed on this fuel
model and incorporated into a National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDR). This system considers five classes of
fuel (three dead and two living), the components of which are selected on the basis of combustibility, response to
moisture (for the dead fuels), and whether the living fuels are herbaceous (plants) or ligneous (trees).
Most fuel loading figures are based on values for "available fuel" (combustible material that will be consumed jn
a wildfire under specific weather conditions). Available fuel values must not be confused with corresponding values
for either "total fuel" (all the combustible material that would burn under the most severe weather and burning
11,1-1
-------
conditions) or "potential fuel"~(the larger woody material that remains even after an extremely high intensity
wildfire). It must be emphasized, however, that the various methods of fuel identification are of value only when
they are related to the existing fuel quantity, the quantity consumed by the fire, and the geographic area and
conditions under which the fire occurs.
For the sake of conformity (and convenience), estimated fuel loadings were obtained for the vegetation in the
National Forest Regions and the wildlife areas established by the U.S. Forest Service, and are presented in Table
11.1-1. Figure 11.1-1 illustrates these areas and regions.
Table 11.1-1. SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED FUEL
CONSUMED BY FOREST FIRES3
Area and
Region13
Rocky Mountain group
Region 1 :
Region 2:
Region 3;
Region 4:
Northern
Rocky Mountain
Southwestern
Intermounttin
Pacific group
Region 5:
Region 6:
Region 10:
California
Pacific Northwest
Alaska
Coastal
Interior
Southern group
Region 8:
Southern
Eastern group
North Central group
Region 9:
Conifers
Hardwoods
Estimated average fuel loading
MT/hectare
83
135
67
22
40
43
40
135
36
135
25
20
20
25
25
22
27
ton/acre
37
60
30
10
8
19
18
60
16
60
11
9
9
11
11
10
12
Reference 1.
See Figure 11.1-1 for regional boundaries.
11.1.2 Emissions and Controls *
It has been hypothesized (but not proven) that the nature and amounts of air pollutant emissions are directly
related to the intensity and direction (relative to the wind) of the wildfire, and indirectly related to the rate at
which the fire spreads. The factors that affect the rate of spread are (1) weather (wind velocity, ambient
temperature, and relative humidity), (2) fuels (fuel type, fuel bed array, moisture content, and fuel size), and (3)
topography (slope and profile). However, logistical problems (such as size of the burning area) and difficulties in
safely situating personnel and equipment close to the fire have prevented the collection of any reliable
experimental emission data on actual wildfires, so that it is presently impossible to verify or disprove the
above-stated hypothesis. Therefore, until such measurements are made, the only available information is that
11.1-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
-------
Table 11.1-2. SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR FOREST WILDFIRES3
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: D
*-*
*>.
Geographic areab
Rocky Mountain
group
Northern,
Region 1
Rocky Mountain,
Region 2
Southwestern,
Region 3
pi (ntermountain.
S. Region 4
Sr
CA Pacific group
O" California,
*. Region 5
of Alaska,
O Region 10
g Pacific N.W.
JJB. Region 6
Southern group
Southern,
Region 8
North Central group
Eastern, Region 9
(Both groups are
in Region 9)
Eastern group
(With Region 9)
Total United States
Area
f»r*rwi rtMaH
by
wildfire.
hectares
313,397
142,276
65,882
83,765
21,475
469,906
18,997
423,530
27,380
806,289
806,289
94,191
141,238
47,046
1,730,830
*
Wilrifirp
ilit 1 1 M 1 1 1 G
fuel
consumption.
MT/hectare
83
135
67
22
40
43
40
36
135
20
20
25
25
25
38
Emission factors, kg/hectare
Panic-
ulate
706
1,144
572
191
153
362
343
305
1,144
172
172
210
210
210
324
Carbon
monoxide
5,810
9,420
4,710
1.570
1,260
2,980
2,830
2,510
9,420
1,410
1,410
1,730
1,730
1,730
2,670
Hydro-
carbons
996
1,620
808
269
215
512
485
431
1,620
242
242
296
296
296
458
N itrogen
oxides
166
269
135
45
36
85
81
72
269
40
40
49
49
49
76
Emissions, MT
Partic-
ulate
220,907
162,628
37,654
15,957
3,273
170,090
6,514
129,098
31,296
138,244
138,244
19,739
29,598
9,859
560,552
Carbon
monoxide
1,819,237
1,339,283
310,086
131,417
26,953
1,400,738
53,645
1,063,154
257,738
1,138,484
1,138,484
162,555
243,746
81,191
4,616,317
Hydro-
carbons
311,869
229,592
53,157
22,533
4,620
240,126
9,196
182,255
44,183
195,168
195,168
27,867
41,785
13,918
791,369
Nitrogen
oxides
51,978
38,265
8,860
3,735
770
40,021
1,533
30,376
7,363
32,528
32,528
4,644
6,964
2,320
131,895
Areas consumed by wildfire and emissions ore for 1971 .
Geographic areas are defined in Figure 11.1-1.
cHydrocarbons expressed as methane.
-------
= 2 kg/MT (4 Ib/ton) for nitrogen oxides (NOX) \
= Negligible for sulfur oxides (SOX)
L B Fuel loading consumed (mass of forest fuel/unit land area burned)
A = Land area burned
Ej = Total emissions of pollutant "i" (mass of pollutant)
For example, suppose that it is necessary to estimate the total partieulate emissions from a 10,000 hectaite
wildfire in the Southern area (Region 8). From Table 11.1-1 it is seen that the average fuel loading is 20
MT/hectare (9 tori/acre). Further, the pollutant yield for particulates is 8.5 kg/MT (17 Ib/ton). Therefore, the
emissions are:
E = (8,5 kg/MT of fuel) (20 MT of fuel/hectare) (10,000 hectares)
E = 1,700,000 kg = 1,700 MT
The most effective method for controlling wildfire emissions is, of course, to prevent the occurrence of forest
fires using various means at the forester's disposal, A frequently used technique for reducing wildfire occurrence Is
"prescribed" or "hazard reduction" burning. This type of managed burn involves combustion of litter an(d
underbrush in order to prevent fuel buildup on the forest floor and thus reduce the danger of a wildfire. Although
some air pollution is generated by this preyentative burning, the net amount is believed to be a relatively smaller
quantity than that produced under a wildfire situation,
Reference for Section 11.1
1. Development of Emission Factors for Estimating Atmospheric Emissions from Forest Fires. Final Report. l|T
Research Institute, Chicago, 111. Prepared for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., under Contract No. 68-02-0641, October 1973. (Publication
No, EPA-450/3-73-009).
1/75 Internal Combustion Engine Sources 11.1-5
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
EMISSION FACTOES
AND
NEW SOUHCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
The New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency f0r
various industrial categories and the page reference in this publication where uncontrolled emission factors for
those sources are discussed are presented in Tables B-l and B-2. Note that, in the case of steam-electric power
plants, the NSPS encompass much broader source categories than the corresponding emission factors. In several
instances, the NSPS were formulated on different bases than the emission factors (for example, grains per standard
cubic foot versus pounds per ton). Finally, note that NSPS relating to opacity have been omitted because thcjy
cannot (at this time) be directly correlated with emission factors.
B-l
-------
Table B-1. PROMULGATED NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
-GROUP I SOURCES^
Source category and pollutant
Fossil-fuel-fired steam generators
with >63 x 106 kcal/hr (250 x 106 Btu/
hr) of heat input
Coal-burning plants (excluding lignite)
Pulverized wet bottom
Particulates
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (as NC^)
Pulverized dry bottom
Particulates
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (as N02>
Pulverized cyclone
Particulates
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (as N09)
£.
Spreader stoker
Particulates
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (as NC>2)
Residual-oil-burning plants
Particulates
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (as NO2>
Natural-gas-burning plants
Particulates
Nitrogen oxides (as NC^)
Municipal incinerators
Particulates
Portland cement plants
Kiln— dry process
Particulates
New Source
Performance Standard
(maximum 2-hr average)
0.18 g/106 calheat
input (0.10 lb/106 Btu)
2.2 g/106 cal heat
input (1.2 lb/106 Btu)
1.26 g/106 calheat
input (0.70 lb/106 Btu)
0.18 g/106 calheat
input (0.10 lb/106 Btu)
2.2 g/106 cal heat
input (1.2 lb/106 Btu)
1.26 g/106 calheat
input (0.70 lb/106 Btu)
0.1 8 g/106 cal heat
input (0.10 lb/106 Btu)
2.2 g/106 cal heat
input (1,2 lb/106 Btu)
1.26 g/106 calheat
input (0.70 lb/106 Btu)
0.1 8 g/106 calheat
input (0.10 lb/106 Btu)
2.2 g/106 calheat
input (1.2 lb/106 Btu)
1.26 g/106 calheat
input (0.70 lb/106 Btu)
0.1 8 g/106 calheat
input (0.10 lb/106 Btu)
1.4 g/106 calheat
input (0.80 lb/106 Btu)
0.54 g/106 calheat
input (0.30 lb/106 Btu)
0.1 8 g/106 calheat
input (0.10 lb/106 Btu)
0.36 g/1 06 cal heat
input (0.20 lb/106 Btu)
O.l8g/Nm3 (0.08 gr/scf )
corrected to 12%C02
0.15kg/MT(0.30lb/ton)
of feed to kiln
AP-42
page
reference
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.1-3
1.3-2
1.3-2
1,3-2
1.4-2
1.4-2
2.1-1
8.6-3
B-2
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
Table B-1. (continued), PROMULGATED NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
-GROUP 1 SOURCES3
Source category and pollutant
Kiln— wet process
Participates
Clinker cooler
Participates
Nitric acid plants
Nitrogen oxides (as NC>2)
Sulfuric acid plants
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfuric acid mist
(as H2 S04)
New Source
Performance Standard
{maximum 2-hr average)
0,1 5 kg/MT (0.30 Ib/ton)
of feed to kiln
0.050 kg/MT (0,10 Ib/
ton) of feed to kiln
1.5 kg/MT (3.0 Ib/ton)
of 100% acid produced
2,0 kg/MT (4.0 Ib/ton)
of 100% acid produced
0.075 kg/MT (0.1 5 Ib/
ton) of 100% acid produced
AP-42
page
reference
8.8-3
8.S-4
5.9-3
5.1 7-5
5.17-7
Title 40 - Protection of Environment. Part 60—Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources. Federal Register,
36 <247):24876, December 23, 1971,
1/75
Appendix B
Bt3
-------
Table B-2. PROMULGATED NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
-GROUP II SOURCES3
Source category and pollutant
New Source
Performance Standard
AP-42
page
reference
Asphalt concrete plants
Particulates
Petroleum refineries: Fluid catalytic
cracking units
Particulates
Carbon monoxide
Storage vessels for petroleum liquids
"Floating roof storage tanks
Hydrocarbons
Secondary lead smelters
Blast (cupola) furnaces
Particulates
Reverberatory furnaces
Particulates
Secondary brass and bronze ingot
production plants
Reverberatory furnaces
Particulates
Electric induction furnaces
Particulates
Blast furnaces
Particulates
Iron and steel plants
Basic oxygen process furnaces
Particulates
Sewage treatment plants
Sewage sludge incinerators
Particulates
90 mg/Nm3 (0.040 gr/dscfj
60 mg/Nm3 (0.026 gr/dscf)b
0.050% by volume
If true vapor pressure
under storage conditions
exceeds 78 mm (1.52 psia)
mercury but is no greater
than 570 mm (11.1 psia)
mercury, the vessel must
be equipped with a floating
roof or its equivalent.
50 mg/Nm3 (0.022 gr/dscf!
50 mg/Nm3 (0.022 gr/dscf)
50 mg/Nm3 (0.022 gr/dscf)
50 mg/Nm3 (0.022 gr/dscf)
50 mg/Nm3 (0.022 gr/dscf)
50 mg/Nm3 (0.022 gr/dscf)
0.65 g/kg (1.30lb/ton)
of dry sludge input
8.1-4
9.1-3
9.1-3
4.3-8
/.11-2
7.11-2
7.9-2
7.9-2
7.9-2
7.5-5
2.5-2
Title 40—Protection of Environment. Part 60—Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources; Additions and
Miscellaneous Amendments. Federal Ragistar. 39 (47), March 8,1S74.
bTTie actual NSPS reads "1.0 kg/1000 kg (1.0 lb/1000 Ib) of eokt burn-off in the catalyst regenerator," which is
approximately equivalent to an exhaust gas concentration of 60 mg/Nm (0.026 gr/dscf).
B-4
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
APPENDIX C
NEDS SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODES
AND
EMISSION FACTOR LISTING
The Source Classification Codes (SCC's) presented herein comprise the basic "building blocks" upon which the
National Emissions Data System (NEDS) is structured. Each SCC represents a process or function within a somjce
category logically associated with a point of air pollution emissions. In NEDS, any operation that causes air
pollution can be represented by one or more of these SCC's. ;
Also presented herein are emission factors for the five NEDS pollutants (particulates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide) that correspond to each SCC, These factors are utilized in NEDS j to
automatically compute estimates of air pollutant emissions associated with a process when a more accurate
estimate is not supplied to the system. These factors are, for the most part, taken directly from AP42. In certain
cases, however, they may be derived from better information not yet incorporated into AP42 or be based merely
on the similarity of one process to another for which emissions information does exist. '
Because these emission factors are merely single representative values taken, in many cases, from a broad raiige
of possible values and because they do not reflect all of the variables affecting emissions that are described in derail
in this document, the user is cautioned not to use the factors listed in Appendix C out of context to estimate fhg
emissions from any given source. Instead, if emission factors must be used to estimate emissions, the appropriate
section of this document should be consulted to obtain the most applicable factor for the source in question. Tfhe
factors presented in Appendix C are reliable only when applied to numerous sources as they are in NEDS.
NOTE: The Source Classification Code and emission factor listing presented in Appendix C was created on Jifne
20, 1974, to replace the listing dated August 28,1973, The listing has been updated to include several new Source
Classification Codes as well as several new or revised emission factors that are considered necessary for the
improvement of NEDS, The listing will be updated periodically as better source and emission factor information
becomes available. Any comments regarding this listing, especially those pertaining to the need for additional SC
-------
(FILE CREATED OH 20/MSff
N * r ( 0 N » L (MISSION OAT*
SDUiCI CLASSIFICATION
S f S T 1 N
e a B t $
EiTCGNB BOILER -ekcenie CMERATN
ANTHRACITE COM.
i-ei-ooi-ai MOOKIWTU MJIVIZD
1^01-001-02 >1QONMBTU STOKERS
1-01-031-03 10-IOOHIWTO PUIVD
1-01-001-0* 10-10OBMBTU $rOKR
1- 1 1-00 1-05 tlOMMBIU PULVI2ED
l-01-OOl-O* (lOMNBTU STOKER
1-01-001-99 OTHER/NOT GIAS1FP
BITUMINOUS COAL
-Bl-092-Ol HOOMHBTU PULVVET
-01- 002-o; >100HH6TU POL V0«»
-ci-asw-oi MOOWMBTU crcioNE
-01-002-0* >1«»MBTU SWSTM
-UI-OJ2-J5 HOQHMSTU/HR OF SI
-rt-0«2-0& 10-lOOKHBTU PUUT
-tc-004-ot lo-iooMMBTU p-utoir
-01-002-01 10-IOOHNarj OFSTK
-Ol-092~0» 10-lOOfMBTU UfSTK
-Cl-002-10 CtONNSTU OFSTQKiR
-01-002-1 1 <19HMBTU UFSTOKE*
-IIIH142-12 <10HM8TU CULV-DRT
-Ol-UOJ-9* OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
LIUNITE
1-OI-OJ3-O1 >1OOHN6TU PIH.VM6T
-01-00 1-0* nCOKMBTU !>UlVOnT
-oi-ooi-o) HOONKBTU e«uine
-Ql-C03-(H HOOCH8TU OF SIKR
-ai-oaj-os MOOHKBTU UF SIKH
-Bl-OOJ-86 >IOOIW»fU »BSfl!«
-CI-OOJ-C7 lO-iganMBTU OYCU4,
-gj-ooj-08 io»iooiwaTu nrra.
-0(-OOS-0* ICHlOOflflSru OFSTR
-Ol-Ofl>10 10-IOOIWBTM UfST*
-01-001- H lO-100HH?7US(>DSrn
-01-00)-12 «IOHH8TU PUtV OW
-01-OOJ-iS 10OMMBIU/H« 6EM
1-01-00^-02 10-lOOPmBTD/HRGNI.
l-Ql-00*-aj ot >IOOHNBTU/I« SEM.
1-01-OC5-02 10-lCJHXBTU/MfGNl
1-01-005-03 1001M9TU/HR
1-01-O07-O2 la-lOOHNATU/HR
1-01-007-03 <10 HMBIU/HB
CCKE
1-01-OC9-01 >100HNBTU/HR
NOOD/a»BK HIIStE
1-01-009-01 tARK BOILED
1-01-OM-02 MOOO/IMK BOILER
1-01-009-03 ttOOD SOUER
B»G*5SE
l-Ol-Oll-Ol >100hHbTU/Hk
i-ai-aii-02 it>-ico«n8!u/Hs
1-O1-011-03 15.0
1S.O
i 6.00
• 6.00
18.9
S 18.0
tl.O
11.0
it. a
11.0
tl.O
n.o
13.0
11.3
U.O
13.0
U.O
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
109.
105.
105.
109.
105.
105.
60Q.
230.
120.
600.
210.
121.
18.0
ia.n
la.o
10.0
2.00
2.00
2. no
POUNDS EMITTIO ft* UNIT
HC CO
0.01
0.20
O.jj
0.20
0.01
0.20
0.03
0.30
0.30
0.30
1.00
1.09
0.30
0.10
1.00
1.00
3.00
3.00
O.JO
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.311
0.30
0,11
1.00
1.00
1 .03
3.00
3 .00
3.00
3.00
2.0"
2.e»
2-00
2.00
2.00
SLO MASTi-SPKlF*
1.00
1.00
I.JO
0.03
i.ot
2.00
5.0'J
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
&.00
1.00
6,00
I. DO
10.0
1.00
1.00
1.30
1.00
J.OO
2.40
i.oo
l.OJ
2.00
2.00
u.o
10.0
I. CO
0.50
1,09
1.00
i.oo
?.oo
a. oo
2.00
1,00
1.00
2.00
2,00
2,$q
11. C
n.o
10.0
10,0
3.00
3. an
3. OP
3.00
1,00
- 1.90
17.0
17.0
17. J
17.1
1T.O
n.o
TONS 8URNEO
TDNS BURNED
TONS BURNED
TONS BURNED
TONS BURNS!)
TONS BURNED
TONS BURNED
TONS BUPNEO
TONS BUKNiD
TONS BU*N(0
T3NS BUS'IEJ
TONS BURNfD
TfjNS SURN^Q
TONS SUHNEO
tONS BUQNFO
^ONS 3UPF*EQ
TOMS BURIED
TONS QUPNgD
T9NS BUfNrO
TONS SU'NEB
TUNS BUPNi-r>
TUNS (U«MD
TONS DUPNED
TONS (HHNSi)
TUNS BIASED
TONS BUBNFD
TONS BUBNtO
TONS BUI.NSI;
TOW KfBNFD
TINS BUBHtB
TONS BUBMfB
TONS HUfNtr
TONS BUP16D
TONS MM,FI1
TONS BUBf:ff>
iooas*iu^t «i
1100 HNBTU/Mt
10-100 MMBTL/HR
<10 WBTU/HK
1.CO T3NS
2.0(1 TSNS BU«'ltS
2,00 IONS «Ui>WFI»
10,0 TONS BIWKEO
2.00 TONS BURNED
2.0« TONS BUBNEO
2.00 TONS BUDNCn
TONS BURNED
TONS BURNEO
TONS BJB'ltD
•*• INDICATES *SH CONTENT AND INDICATES SULFUR CONTENT OF THE FUEL. ON A PERCENT BiSI5,IBV HEIGHT)
C-2
FACTORS
-------
tman BOIUR -ELECTRIC MMIMTM
*+»»*********** *****#!»****«******
LIO 1I4STE-SP6CIFY
1-0 1-0 1 3-0 I >180 NHBTUrtW
1-OM11S-OZ 10-100 M-6TL/M"
1-01-013-03 <
OTHER /NO I CLA5IFO
1-0 1-999-97 SPEC IF T IN
l-oi-«99ri« SfeeiFY IN
J-OI-»99-t» SPECIFY IN MMM
EXT CCM8 eOUE* -IN OUST* 1*1
POUNDS iNITT
PART SOX
D
NO*
i «
UN
HC
IT
ANTHRACITE COM,
1-0 3-001-01
i-02-ooi-oz
1-OZ-OOI-OJ
i-02-oai-e*
i-o2-ooi-os
1-C2-OOI-0*
1-02-001-07
,1-02-OOl-W
BITUMINOUS CDil,
1-02-002-01
j-uj-ooi-at
i-OJ-002-OJ
1-02-002-04
i-i)2-oo?-ei
1-02-002-06
1-Q2-C02-0?
1- 02- 002-08
I-M-OM-O*
1-02-002-10
1-02-00 2-1 1
I-02-002-U
1-02-002* U
1-02-00 2-H
1-02-002-99
LIGNITE
l-02-*i03~0l
i-02-003-02
1-02-OCJ-03
1-02-00 J-0*
1-0 2-00 3-OS
1-02-003-06
1-02-OC3-OT
I-0?-t03-d9
-02-093-01
-02-0 OS- 10
-OZ-003-H
-02-oo3-i2
-02-U03-13
- 82-003- I*
-02-003-15
1-02-009-1*
KESIDilM. Oil.
1-02-004-01
i-fl2-00*-02
1-02-00^*01
OISULUTC OIL
1-02-005-U1
1-02-005-02
l-0i-005-0l
MTIRAL 545
1-02-006-01
1 -02-006-02
1-0.'- 006-0 3
PXCCESS GAS
1-02-00 J-Ol
1-02-007-018
1-02-007-03
l-«2-«JOt-0«
1-02-OOT-OI
1-02-007-Oi
l-02-OOI-OT
1-02-00 7 -OS
1-02-00 T-t«
1-02-00 J-99
HCO^waTU/HR !>(*.»
>1001MBTU/HR STK»
tO-IOOHMBTU PW.»t)
ld-109NNeTU STUB
<10MHitU/MH FUtVO
<10HK*TU/H« STKR
100HH8TU PULVMET
>:ooM"»iu fuivoiiv
>ioo««8Tu ewiowf
>ioom*eTu sppsrxs
10-100KHBTU OfStK
IB-IUOMSBTU UMTK
10-100MH8TJ PUIW1
10-lOOHHBTU PULOT
10-10UHMBTUSPOSTK
<10HWJIU OFD STK9
0 STKS
<10MN«ru M»NOFtPE
OTHER/HOT CL*5IFO
>IOOBM!)TU PU.VKET
>100H«BTU PULVOftT
>IOOKMBTU CVCLOhE
>100HMftIU OFSTK9
MOQMHBTU UFSTKR
>loanNBlu SPDSTKB
10-100MMBTU OTPUL
10-10QHKBTU xfPUL
10-HOPHBtU OfSTK
10-100MNBTU UfSTK
10-100MMBTU5P05TK
<10MWTU PULV OAV
<10«tBTU OfSTOKR
IOOH»OTU/HR
iO-lOOMHBTUAW
1JOSHBTLI/K»
lO-WOMMBTU/HR
<10HWTU/HK
>IOOMNBTU/HR
10-lOONMgTU/MR
100
REFINEK* 10-100
neriNtnv 100
SL4ST FNC 10-100
BLAST ri« CIO
COKE oven >ioo
COKE OV«N 10-100
COKE OVEN til)
OTHER/NOT 1,LASIFO
1T.O
2.00
17.0
2.00
1T.9
2,00
10.0
IT. 0
13,0
17.0
2.00
13.0
5.00
5.00
13,0
17.0
13.0
2.09
2.00
17.0
2.00
20.0
11.0
6.53 /
.50
.SO
.50
.50
.to
.SO
.50
.to
.90
,90
.SO
.SO
' .10
.SO
.so
21,0
23.9
23-0
15. Q
15.0
15.0
10,0
10.0
10 .0
M
38
M
31
31
M
36
M
30
3»
31
38
38
36
31
IB
38
»a
at
3«
38
M
k }B
t 30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
M
10
30
30
30
30
30
30
1S7
1ST
157
1U
1*2
1*2
0
0
a
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
^
»
,
•
*
,
*
*
*
*
^
*
*
»
m
„
m
*
t
*
u
*
^
*
*
„
m
*
*
*
.
*
,
f
m
*
^
9
*
a
«
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
(>U
60
to
s
s
$
$
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
1
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
$
s
s
s
$
s
18.0
10.5
16,0
10. »
ia.o
ft. 00
3.00
ia.o
30.0
1*.0
Sl.O
H.O
15.0
11.0
30.4
1B.O
15,0
6. do
&.04
19,0
6.00
3.00
1S.O
13.0
U.O
U. 0
13.3
13.0
13.0
U.O
U.O
13.9
u.a
13.0
13.9
o.a
13.3
»3. 0
13.9
kl.ti
60.0
ft 0.0
60.0
63.0
(.0.0
'jJ'J.
230.
120.
0.03
0.20
0.03
0.20
0.03
0.20
2.50
0.03
0.10
J.JO
0.30
1.00
k.OO
1.00
0.30
».3l)
1.00
1.00
1.04
0.30
3.00
20.9
0.10
0,90
D.j'J
0.39
1.00
1.00
1.00
U.37
0.30
1.00
l.QJ
1.00
3.00
3.00
3,00
2J.O
3.00
l.OU
3.00
3.00
J.'JO
}.UO
9.0(1
3. 00
3.00
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS SUMO
1000 GALLOWS BUKNfO
M LI ION C1IHIC FEtT BUONffl
1000 GALldN IL10UID) BU01PO
TOMS aUKNID ISOllpI
1.00
6.00
1.00
ft. 00
1.90
10.0
90.0
2.00
1.00
1.00
-i.oo
2.00
2.00
i.oo
i.oo
2.00
19.0
10. n
2.00
10.0
so.o
2«0!>
1.00
1.00
1.00
z.oo
2. en
2,00
I. JO .
l.DO
2,00
2.0S
2,00
10,0
io,n
JO.O
90.0
10.0
*.*0
*.0
TOHft BU*Ne.O
TONS HUHNFO
TONS RUP'Ifo
TUNS flLfNSD
TONS Ruw^rn
TINS NfD
•*• INDICATES MM CCNTENT AND 'S' INDICATES SULFUR CONTENT IF THE FUEL. ON * PERCENT BASIS
1/75
Appendix C
C-3
-------
ilTCOW BOILER
-INDUSTRIAL
• • Mi**<»IHHI'l»*t'l'*i
CCxt
1-02-008-02
J-02-008-03
10-100"HflTU/H*
U N O S IMITTiO PER
fid SOI N0«
2.00 A
2.00 A-
U N
IS .0
am
10.0
11*0
Mid
1.50
i.so
1.50
6.00
lo.o
10.0
.10.0
0.20
9.20
2.00
2.00
s.oo
co
2.BO
10.0
I f S
TONS tWNEO
fONS .BURNED
2.00 TONS BURNED
2.00 TONS BURNEO
10.0 TONS BURNED
1.19 PETROLEUM 6AS
1-02-010-02
1-OZ-M110-03
BAGASSE
10-iOOMH»fWMI
<10NH8TU/HA
1-02*011-01 >100 MMTU/M
1-02-011-Ot 10-100IW8TU/HH
i-02-oii-OJ
SLO HASTE-SPECIFY
1-02-012-01 >1OO HN9TU/HR
1-02-012-02 10O-100 MMTU/HR
J-02-012-03, <10 H«BTU/M«
L1Q WAStE-SPEtIFY
1-02MH3-01 >100 HHBTU/Hft
1-02-011-02 10-100 MNBTU/M
l~02-0l>01 <10 MMBTU/Ht
CTHER/NOT CLISIFO
t.IS
22.0
It.t
22.0
«t.s
0.
a*
o.
1U7
s.oo
2.00
2.00
o.io
O.JO
2.00
2.00
2.0tt
1.55 10000*1 LO^S KIRNH)
1.55 10000* LLONS
2.00 tONS SWNED
2.00 TONS swNia
2.00 TONS 8UBNEB
TONS BOWED
TON* BUPN6D
T3NS
1)00 GULCNS BUDNED
110i) r,»UCN$ BUBMEO
15OO Cill BUS BUBW60
SPECIFY IN RENM*
1-02-9M-W SPECIFY IN REMARK
1-02-999-79 SPECIFY IN MENMK
>*n.tioN eimic ftf
1000 6M.IPN BUBH60 (L101J10I
TOM BURNfO ISOLtOI
ECUEB -CCNNIML-IWTUfNL
•«•••»»••*•••»•*• •»**«»•«•••**«•*
AMHKACITE COAL
1-03-001-05
1 -03—00 1—06
1-03-001-07
1-03-001-08
1-03-001-09
1-03-001-10
1-03-001-91
BITUMNOUS COAL
i-03-002-05
1-03-002-Of.
1-03-002-07
l-fl3-«02-0»
1-03-002- CT)
1-03-002-10
1-03-002-11
1-03-002-12
1-03-002-11
1-03-002-14
l-Oa-Q02-»f
1-03-003-OS
1-03-003-06
1-03-003-07
1-03-003-08
1— 0 3^)03—09
1-09-003-10
1-03-1)03-11
1-03-003-12
1-03-003-13
1-03-O03-14
RESIDUAL OIL
1-03-044-01
1*03-004-02
1-03-004-03
10-100MHSTU PULkT
10-100HNBTU PUU)»
1 O^IOOHHBTUSPOST N '
<10NNBTU PULVIZEO
«10HNBTU STOKE*
ClOHMBTU SPOSTOKR
OTHER/NOT CLAS1FO
10>100NM8TU PULttT
10-lQOMMBTU PULOY
ifl-lOOMWTU OFSTK
10-lOOHNBTU UFSTK
1O*100HHBTU SPOSTK
10-100MMBTU HANFK
100»HBTU/HR
10-100MHeTU/M«
<10HNBtU/lfl
13.0
17.0
13.0
17.0
2.00
2.00
17.0
13.4
17.0
5.00
S.OO
13.0
20.0
2.00
2.00
2.00
20.0
13.0
6.50
6.50
6. SO
6. SO
6. SO
6.50
6.50
6.50
6.SO
6. SO
23.0
23.0
23.0
3».0
90.0
3«.0
38.0
38.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
11.0
M.O
1B.O
3B.O
38.0
38.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30*0
157.
157.
1S7.
S
S
s
s
s
s
s
1
i
s
s.
g
s
s
s
s
. s
$
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
i
s
s
s
$
s
30.0
16.0
1S.O
18.0
6.00
li.O
11.0
30.0
11.0
1S.O
15. U
n.o
J.JO
6.09
6.00
6.00
3.00
is.o
ll.tt
13.0
il.o
I3.ll
13.0
13.0
(3.0
13.0
13.0
lltO
60.0
60.0
60.0
01STULATE
0.03 i.oo
0.03 1.00
1.00 2.00
0.03 1.00
0.20 10.0
1.00 10.0
0.03 i.eo
O.OJ 1.00
0.0) 1.09
1.00 2,OA
1.00 2.00
1.00 2,M
20.0 90.0
3.00 10.0
3.00 10,0
3.00 10.0
20.U 90.9
0.30 2.00
1.00 2.00.
1.00 2.00
I'.DO 2.00
1.00 2.00
l.DO 2*00
1.00 1D.O
3.00 13.0
3.00 10.0
3.00 10.0
2O.O 10,0
flURNEO
H'JRNF-D
HURNEO
BURNeO
KURNED
BUSSED
WJRNiO
BUHMfO
T3NS
TONS
TONS
IONS
TONS
TONS
TBNS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TUNS
TUNS
TONS
TONS
THUS
TONS
TDNS
"JUS
IONS BURN6O
MH5 W»NEO
TOWS BURP PD
inns «U«K«O
TONS BURNED
TONS RWNIB
TONS RUPNfO
WPNED
BOHNEC
BUatiED
SUP NED
BURNED
3.00 *.oo 1000
3.04 4.00 1000 GALLONS BUPNEO
J.OJ 4.00 . 1000 CALLOUS BURNED
•*•
1-03-OOS-01 >100NHBTUA«t IS.O 142. S 60.0 3.00 4.00 1000 GALLONS BUPNEO
1-O3-005-02 10-100HH8TU/HR IS.O 142. S 60.0 3*00 4.00 1000 GALLONS BURNED
1-03-005-03
-------
Effiflm 601 LER
*»***M*i*»»n***
NATURAL CAS
l-OS-OOtr-Ol ...r
l-03-00*-flj U-tOONMBTU/Mt
1-03-004-03
PROCESS CAS
1-03-007-01 SENAGEHOONMBTUNII
1-03-007-0? SEKA&E 10-100
"
1-03-007-9100 NHBTU/Hft
»-«9-0(9-02 19-100 NmHiMM
1-03-013-03 <10 NN1TU/HK
OF HER /NOT CL»S1FD
l-03-i»»-97 SCEC1F* IN ICHMK
l-0)-99»-9« SPECIF* IN fteMRX
"» SPSCIfY IN BE HARK
-ELECIRK;
TOMS RU9NCO
rrjMi WON so
TONS
ittoe GALLONS
I'JOO C*tLONS
liJAfl OAULONS WIRNtD
MILLION WfllC F«» PUPNBtl
I'lOO CJktlDN lUAMtO IL1J.IIO)
BU'NFO ISfl-IOI '
OlSTUUtll ail,
2-01-001-01 TURBINE
2 -01 -001 -O2 KECIPROC»TING
NATURA1. GAJ
2-01-002-01 TlBBINE
2-01-002-DZ
EltltL
e-0 1-003-01 RECIPROCATINO
2-01-003-02 TURBINE
RESIDUAL OIL
2*01-0114-01 TURBINE
«T FUfl
2-01-005-01 T1M11NI
CRUDE OIL
2-01-006-01 TURBINE
PRCCESS CAS
J-01-007-01 TUBS I «
Otnilt/NOT CLASIFO
SPECIFY IN PENAR*
SPfCIFY IN »E«ARK
J-01-999-9B
$.80
13.0
S.OO
IV*. $
IV*. S
0.40
O.M
144. S
1«4. S
IS*.
IW. S
9SO. S
5.60
370.
68.
*.*«
lib.
2ZS.
1*,*
1040 CtLLOMS
10)0 GALl'JNS
MHLICN CUBIC H?T
tusic fffi
THdussN'H of r,»unN$
1039 C«l>m$ BUIMD
HIOC 5ALIONS BDBNSII
MILLION CU»U
NILtlON CUBIC FtgT 8U»NFO
1009 GALLONS «'J»NFO
INTi*kLCGMei;Sf ION -INDUSTRIAL
***************** »••«••»»«•«•«,»•«
DISTILLATE OIL
I TURBINE
2-02-001-02 RECIPROCATING
NATURAL dAS
2-02-002-01 t URSINE
2*02-002-02 RECIPRO CATIN6
u.a
33.9
144.
fl.M
o.to
lit.
>*••
TTO.
2-02-003-Ot RECIPRQCAtUG 6,iO S.30 IOJ.
•A' INDICATES ASH CONTENT MO •$' INDICATES SULFU« CONTENT OF THE FUiL
1000 CALLCMS BURNfO
37.5 102, U0t> GALLONS BODNfO
MILLION CUBIC FEET
MILLION CUBIC FCCT
Itt. 3,9*0. 1000 GALLONS BURNED
ON A PERCENT BASIS IB* WEIGHT)
1/75
Appendix C
C-5
-------
.MKMILCMVSTIM -IMIUSTRIAL (CCWWUED)
DtESEi, furL
Z"OZ-00»-01 «ECIW?Oe»TlN6
2-OZ-Oj»-«lg TURBINt
RESIDUAL OU
*-OJ-00»-Ol TURBINE
JiT ftlH.
J-02-OOt-Ol TUHIINE
count on
SOJ-OOJ-OI TUtMNE
PROCESS CAS
i-02-<]08-0l TURBINE
2-62-Ofli-OZ R EC IP* L>C« UNO
OIH6R/NOT CLASIFO
2-OI-9TO-9T SPECIFY -IN HEMMR.
^-02-999-98 SPECIFY IN REMARK
INtESNLCOMBUST ION -CCHMEHCL-INSTUTNL
POUNDS e H i r r E o PER UNIT"
MRt SOI Ml HC
M. s
D.O
1**.
1*4.
JS».
M6, I
950. S
4**,
370.
IT.*
ir.a
to. u H i i s
102. 10,00 6ALLONS BUMfD
22S« 1000 GALLONS ItlDNEO
1009 C»LLONS llMNta
1000
•UHNID
1900 GALLONS BIANCO
MILLION CLIt 1C FCfT
<4IL11DN CUBIC f-.fl SURNID
NHL ION CUBIC FEFT DUBIIFt!
1004 GALLONS BU'NCO
CI6SEL
>0 3-001-01 RECIPROCATING
JTMEd/NOt a»SlFO
2-03-9M-S7
SPECIFY IN KfM*RK
SP6CIF» IN REtUR*
INTEHNLCCNakSTtON -ENCINE TESTING
• •••»*•••»••.•• **«******««*****»
33.5
JF.5
OF GHLONS
(URIC fEET BUSNiO
IC100 6*11.0*1 «'J»N(0
2-04-001-01
ROCKCt B070«
2-a*-oo2-ai SOLID PHDPELLANT
01HER/MT CttSlfO
11.0
13.0
THOU$»«inS Of MltOS/FIIFL
TWS OF Fuel
«-0*-«99-»J SPECIFY IN REMARK
2-0*-f99-«a SPECIFY IN REMARK
^04-999-99 SPECIFY IN REMARK
IMVSTRtAL PROCtS -CHEMICAL MFi
wit-Lll"' cutic" F€$r
1)00 onLr"!)!! eu«Nf
tONS 0UHNCn
1DIPIC ACID MOB
J-01-001-01 «ENERAL-CTCLOHEX 0.
3-ai-001»99 OTI-ER/NOT CL4SIFO
ANRCNIA »/MtTHNTR
3-01-002-02
3-01-003-01
3-01-OOJ-Oi
j-ei-eaj-oj
3-01-003-99
AMMONIUM NITRATE
3-01-00*-01
CARMN BL*CK
3-01-005-01
3-01-OOS-O?
3-01-006-03
j-01-005-05
3-01-00 5-*J
ChARUAL NFS
1-01-006-01
CHLCRINF
3-01-007-01
3-01-OCJ-99
PURGE G*S o.
STORAfi€A.OAOIH6 D.
B
RE6tNEB»TOR EXIT 0.
PURSE CAS 0.
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
OENEOAL
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
CHANNEL PROCESS 2, MO.
THEftlUl. PROCESS 0,
FURNACE PB3C GAS
FURNACE PMC OU
PURNACE H/CAS/OH 120.
OTHER/NOT CLASFO
PYROU/DIST1L/6ENL MO.
OTHfR/NOT CLASFO
GENERAL
0?Me*VNOT CLASIFO
0. 12.0 0. 0. TONS PRHCUCfn
KINS PRIOUtBn
0, 0. 90.0 0. TTOS WOOIJCFO
0. It. 9. 0, Trj»s PROtMCFP
0. 0. 1. no. tO"i< PinOtT.65
0. 9. »0.0 »., T?N5 WOOW.i"
o. §. o. o. TINS p»()ouceo
TOT»5 PBODIieSI)
o. itv« FRnoutio
TCNS PPOOlCID
0. 0. 11,500. 33,500. T^nS PAOMrrn
0. 0. 0. 0. TONS PUfO'JCfd
l.aOO. 9.909. K1S PP'JOIICEO
*00. <.,500. TINS PPOPHCIO
IONS MOOIICIO
TONS PRODUCT
loo. lao, rows pRnouceo
TONS PRODUCT
g. TUNS PHORUCED
TON! P»OWCfO
•A« INBlCAfIS ASH tOMTWT ABB
ON A PERCENT BASIS 18» "SIGHT I
C-6
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
INDUSTRIAL PWCiS'-CHEMICAL NFS (COKTINUIB)
CHLOR-ALMU
3-01-008-01
3-01-008-02
3-01-OCB-03
3-01-608-0*
LiaUtPTN-OIAPHRGN
LlSUIFTt*-KtRC CEt
L040ING TNKGARVNI
LOADING STSTNKVHf
A1R-9LOK NC MINE
OTHER/WIT CLAS1FO
CLEANING CHENICLS
>m-»e»-«i SOAP/OET S»R»O*»R
3-Oi-OOT-lO SPECIALTY CLEANRS
OTHERS/NOT CLASFO
POUNDS •niftee
r*«r son MM
0.
o.
o.
P I ft UNIT
HC
0.
CO U 1 I T S
100 TONS CHLOOINE HOUSFI60
100 TANS CW.,]BIN€ LI9UEFIEO
0, 100 TONS CW.OXINE LUUEFIEO
0. 190 IONS CKOitNE I 1BUEFlEfl
O. 100 TONS CHLORINE UOUEFIEO
100 TONS CHLORINE
TONS P500UCEO
TONS PROOUCt
TONS PRODUCED
J-01-OlO-Ol
j-oi-o lo-oz
3-01-010-03
J-Ol-010-0*
3-01-010»BS
3-01-010- 4>6
j-ei-sio-w
NITRATION HE1CTRS
mO 3 eONCfRTRS
N2SO» RE6ENERATP.
RED HATER INC IN
OVEN HASTE BURN
SELUTE EXHAUST
OTHER/NOT CUSIFO
0.
0.
0.
31.0
0.
0.
0.
19.0
1.00
0.70
no.
«.M
2.00
39.9
8*
0.
0.
0.
HTORCO'LOKIC ACID
j-oi-oii-oi
3-ttl-Oil««2 »»P*OBIST W/SCBUB
3-01-011-9-J QTHifl/NOT ClASIFB
*CIC
0. TONS POnoutEO
o. TONS nnnucfo
0. TONS PDOOUCFO
0. TONS PRODUCED
TONS tUANtn
0. tONS PKOOICED
TPNS MCQUCE9
TONS FIMlt 1C IP
TONS f|N«L ado
TOWS Ft Nil ICfO
9-01-012-01
1-CI-B12-02
J-Cl-OU->03 GRIND/DRV FLUOSPR
3-Ol-OI2-«« OTHER/NOT CLAStFO
N1TP.IC ACIB
3-01-011-01
3-01-013-03 NITACO CONCIR OLD
3-01-013-C*
i-Ol-019-05
j-ei-au-06
>0(-013-OT
1-01-013-08
NtUCO CONC1R NEK
UNCONTKOLLCO
UNCONTROLliD
200.
5.89
0.20
OTHER/NOT CL1SIFD
TONS Id!)
TONS 1C ID
T8NS Piy&P
TONS it 10
TONS PUKF ACID
TONS PUCP ACID
TONS PURP »cio pROoueen
TONS PURE ACin
TONS PUfE AC in
TONS PMKi ACID
TONS PIP? «Cjn
TONS PURE ACID PPOOtltFG
TONS PURt ACia MOOUCEO
HJN1 HFO
j-oi-014-ai
3-Gt-01»-02
VARdlSK MS
3-01-015-01
s-oj-oif-ej
l-OI-Oli-OJ
3-01-015-05
3-OI-OIS-99
KENSKM.
PI SHEW KILN
OTH6R/NOT CLA5FO
BODYING OIL litNL
OUEORESINJUi GENL
ALKTD OENCMI.
ACRYLIC OEN£RAI.
OTHER/NOT CLASFO
?HO$-»CIO METMOC
3-OI-OI6-01
3-81-M4-04
•J-01-014-03
3-01-016-91)
REACTOR-UNCONTLO
G»PSUM POND
CQNOENSR-UNCaNTLD
DTHEft/NOT CLASFC
PHDS-ACIO THERML
3-Ol-fllf-Ol
l-fll-017-99
PLASTICS
OTHER/NOT CLASFC
PVC-OENERAL
3-01-01^-02 POLTF-ROO-GENERAL
3-OJ-018-Oi BAKELlTE-eENERAL
3-01-01B-99 OTHES/NOT CLASFO
PMIHAL1C ANHVORIO
3-01-019-03 UNCONTROLLfD-fi£NL
MINTING tkK
2.00
0.
0.
c.
0.
o.
0.
0.
30.0
20.0
lf.lt
3.00
32.0
TONS Pioouctn
TONS PRODUCT
TOMS WH»«T
TONS pneooete
TONS Pdonucto
TONS l>R004jefB
TONS CROOUCtO
TONS »«C(WC«D
TUNS PHOSPMftle HOCK
TONS PHOSPHATE ROCK
TONS PHOSPH'TC ROCK
TONS PREWJCEO
TONS PHOSPX1IIOUS
TONS PDDOUCED
TONS
TONS PRODUCED
TONS PRODUCT
TONS PRODUCE0
TONS P100KCEO
3-01-020-01
3-01-020-02
3-01-010-OJ
J-01-020-0*
I-01-02O-OS
3-BI-020-W
COOKING-GENERAL
COUKIN&-OILS
COOKlNS-OLICKESlIk
COCK1N&-ALKTOS
PIGMENT NIIINGGEN
OTHER/NOT CLASFO
0.
0.
0.
«.
2.00
120.
190.
140.
TONS PRODUCED
TONS PRODUCED
TMS PRODUCED
TONS CROOUtiB
TONS P1SNENT
TONS PROOUCEO
1/75
Appendix C
iC-7
-------
INDUSTRIAL PMKCS -CHEMICAL MFG (CONTINUED}
SOOIUP CAMCNAf E
J-01-Dil-Cl AMMONIA RECOVERY
J-01-OJ1-OZ HANDLING
3-ffll-OZl-9» OTHER/NOT CLASPD
HZSO* -CHAMBER
HlSO*-CONTAeT
j-fli-ezj-e*
3-OI-OZS-O*
3-01-OZJ-10
3-Ol-OIH-lZ
s-oi-azi-iB
3-QI-02S-99
SENERM.
99.7 CONVERSION
tl.l CCNVERSION
94,0 CONVERSION
98.0 CCNVENSION
1T.O CCNVERSION
96.0 CONVERSION
9S.O CCNVERSION
9».0 CONVERSION
99.0 CONVERSION
OTHER/NOT CLASFD
SYNTHETIC FIBERS
3-fll-02»H>S
J-fll-oz*-0«
J-01-024-10
NYLON GENERAL
OACRON GENERAL
OKLOh
ELAStlC
TERON
FCLYESTE*
NONEV
ACRYLIC
3-01-CZ4-1*
OLEFINS
OTMUS/NOT U»SFO
POUNDS CHITTED
PMT SOX NOX
0.
6.00
I UNIT
MC CO
2.50
z.sa
2.50
1.50
I. SO
2.Sfl
2.59
J.M
2.SO
7.CO
14,0
Z7.0
*o.o
55.0
TO.O
1.00
0.
UNITS
TONS ntaoucEo
TONS PRODUCED
row »ROOUCEO
TONS PUBE icto
TONS
TONS
TONS
Tf!NS
TQNS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
CURE »CIO
PUBE ACID
Kltt MID
PURE ACID
fUfiE ACID
PURE ICIO
PURE ACIO
f«8« «1U
PUBF ACIO
PRODUCED
PSOOUCfn
PRODUCED
PRODUCEO
PROWCED
PROOUCEi:
PRODUCER
PRODUCED
PROOJCEO
TONS finest-
TONS FIflE"
TONS PWniK
TONS
THUS
TOWS
TOWS
TCS1S PfPWJCT
TUNS PHOfl'ir.T
TONS PPOO'.ICT
3-01-OZ5-01 RJtYON GENERAL
*-OI-Oii-8* AMTATI
3-QI-OJJ-10 VISCOSE
1-CI-02S-49 OTHERS/NUT CI.*SfO
TONS
TrNS
TIWS PUOBUCFU
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
J-OI-026-O1
i-Ol-O»*-OZ
3-01-qj
-------
MOCES -CKMICAJ. m
PESTICIDES
3-01-03J-01
3-01-03J-99 OTHER/NOT W.ASIFP
ANtNE$/*MIMS
>-01-0}*-Ol GENEAAl/IJTHW
*•«-»§-« CALCINATION
OTHER/NOT
SQOIUft SUlFATt
3-01-036-01 KILNS
soo i wi sin. me
3-oi-gjT-oi SENEKAII0THM
J-Ot-037-02 KILNS
SODIUM BICARB
J-01-038-01 OENEHAl.
UTHIUH Hvmaxiw
3-Ot'03<»-Ol SEMEMI,
FERTaU6« ME*
3-01-0*0-01 S6NEHH
S IHITfiD f E • UNIT
iO» MX HC CO
UNITS
MILOHS OP P«OOOCT
fOM$ MOOUCiO
TONS BdOOOCT
TONS OF PROOUGT
TONS OP PRODUCT
TONS PRODUCT
TOMS MQWCT
TONS PRODUCT
TOMS PRODUCT
TONS MIJBIICT
TONS POOOUCT
3-01-Wt-U »£ACtO« M(»S
0. TONS PRODUCER
CONCENTHTHS
3-Cl-O*l-03 BQIIINO TUBS
>Ht*«4t-W OtHE«/NOT CLISIFD
•OHES1VES
J-01-OSO-Ol OENL/CCHPHO UNMIN
ACEUTf rMKE
> 01-0 SO- « 01 HE« /NOT CLASFO
ACETONE
9-01-9*1-91 OTH6«/NOT CtASFO
MIEIC MMVORIK
J-0 1- 100-01 GENUALIOTWI
POIVINL PYdlllOCN
3-01-101-01 GENEIUISOTHM
SW.FBIIIC ACIO/»TS
J-01-UO-Ot GENERAL /OTHf«
ASMST05 CHEMICAL
.a-DI-111'01 CtULKlNC
J-01-1 11-02 SEALANTS
i-Ol-lll-fli e«AK€ LINe/CRINO
3-01-111-0* FIRE (••OOF WG
3-01-111-^9 OTHEMSIIOf
HASTE GAS FLAMES
3-01-900-9* 07HEI/NOT CLASIFO
OTHEK/10T CLASIFO
|N
*».o
o.
J.OO
0.
0.
e.
o.
a*
9,
a.
0.
0.
A.
0,
0.
0.
0.
TONS PROOUCEn
TONS POOOUCEO
TIMS PdMJUCED
TONS PRODUCT
TONS naoucr
TONS WWMICT
TONS PftnOIICT
TONS PROUUCT
TONS
TONS MPOUCT
TPNS CROOUCT
TONS PRODUCT
TONS PBOOUCI
Ffet »imtt*o
TONS PROOUCT
MOCES -'OCO/ACRKULTURAl.
»»•>>»*••*••••*• **M******« »»•*•«
M.TAI.FA OEHYORATN
l-0i-00t-0l
3-Oi-OOl-W
COFFEI ROASTIW
CUSFO
3-OJ-OOi-Ol DtfttCVFIftE tOASTi
3-OZ-C02-OI 1ND1RCTFIMIOAST*
CLA5FO
60.0
1.48
».»
i.*0
0.10
o.m
0«
TONS NIAI.
TONS
TONS CRfEN SEANS
TONS GREEN REAMS
TONS 6*!fN «f*NS
TONS MOOUCT
1/75
Appendix C
-------
INDUSTRIAL rat£S -FOOD/ASRIWITDRE (CONTINUED)
JMtt-OOl-Ot SCRAT OSIER
COTTON SINNING
J-fl2-00*-Ol UNIOAEING FAN
I-02-00*-« CLEANER
3-OJ-OOV-03 STICK/BIRR, XACHNE
J-OJ-OM-W OTHER/NOT CLAtFD
FIEO/CRAIN TBINEL
3-01-005-01 SHINING/RECEIVING
3-08-001-02 TDAN5FER/CONVEVNO
3-02-004-OS SCREEN ING/CL6ANNS
S-Oi-OOS-O* OR Y INC
FtEO/MAIN CNTRYt
3-02-006-01 SHIPNG/B6CEIWNG
>02-0«4-OI TRANSFER/CQNVEVNG
3- OJ- 006.- 03 SCREEN INS/CIEANM
3-OJ-OC6-0* DRYING
3-02-1)06-99 9THEA/NOT CLASIfO
GRAIN PROCESSING
3-02-OJ7-01 COR* HEAL
J-C2-00?-02 10» *E*N
3-02-007-01 8*RLE»/kHEATCI,e»N
3-02-007-0* NILO CLIANIR
3-02-007-05 BARLEVFLOUR MILL
J-OJ-S07-06 WET CORN MILLING
3-02-007-30 NHEAf FLOUR MILL
3-02-007-99 OTHEK/NOT CLASFO
PART
1.40
S.OO
1.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
S.OO
t.OO
a. oo
3.00
*.M
T.OO
5.0J
T.OO
0.20
O.+O
3.00
SOI NDX
0.
0. 0.
0. 0.
o. a.
a. j.
•. ».
o. a.
0. S,
a. o.
o. a.
0.
o.
HC CO UNITS
TONS GREEN BEANS
0. 0. BALES COTTON
0. 0. IALES COTTON
0. 0, IHES COTTON
BALES COTTON*
0. 0. TONS GRAIN PHOCfSSEO
0. 0. TONS GRAIN MOCf iSEO
•. 0. TONS GRAIN PROCESSED
TONS GRAIN PROCESSED
0. 0. TONS BRAIN PROCESSED
0. 0. TONS GMIN PBaCE'.SEO
0. 0. TONS BRAIN PROCESSED
TONS GRAIN PROCESSED
TONS GRAIN **OC$SSEO
T<5M C.SAIN WOtSSSIn
TWS C«*IN PflOCISSEn
TONS 0«* IN PsncESSEO
TONS SBitN fepCFSSEO
TQNS OF PRODUfT
TONS MOOUCT
'PNS PKOCISSSO
FEEO MANUFACTURE
3-OJ--OC8-01 1AM.IY FEEC-6CNL 3.00
3-02-008-99 OTHER/NOT CLASFO
FIRMENTATN-MEB
3-02-009-01 GRAIN HANDLING J.OO
3-02-009-02 ORVING 5PNT CHAIN S.OO
3-02-009-03 IRENIN6
3-02-009-98 OTHER/NOT CLASFO
3-02-D09-99 OTHER/NOT CLASFD
FEBKENTATM-WHISKY
3-02-010-01 GRAIN HANCLIN6 3.00
3-02-010-02 OUTING SPNT GRAIN i.OO
3-02-O10-03 AGING 0.
3-02-010-99 OTHER/NOT CLASFO
FERMENTATM-MINE
3-02-011-01 GENERAL 0.
FISH PEAL
3-02-012-01 COOKERS-PHESHPISH 0.
3-02-012-02 COOKERS-STALEFISH 0.
3-02-OU-03 OR1ERS 0.10
1-02-012-** OTHER/NOT CLAS1FO
MEAT SPOKING
'3-02-013-01 GENERAL 0.30
STARCH KFC
3-02-014-01 GENERAL 1.00
SUSAR CAHC PROCES
J-02-015-01 GENERAL
to.
0.07
T'lNS OU1]»' PBOCiSSEO
TONS OTPCFJSED
TONS C»ltN PPOCESSEO
TONS 6«*II» MCCKSED
OF GULONS
PfOOIICT
TONS CHAIN
TLNS OR?IN PB?CiSSEO
raNS 6B»|N
TONS FISH NtAL PftCOUCED
T'JNS fISM HFAt. PRODUCER
TUNS FISH $C»*I>
o.t,o TnNS WAT
TINS STARCH PBOOUCEO
TUNS SUCtP PROPUCEO
3-02-015-97 OTHCT/MJT CLI5IFD
SUGAR BEST PBO(iES
3-02-016-01 OMIH ONLY
J-fl2-OJft-« OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
nnm PMCESSIHS
3-02-01 7-JO OIL/NOT CLASFO
3-02-0 It- 99 OTHER/NOT CLASFO
TIMS l»ROC5MfO
TONS «»w BESTS
TONS RUN KITS
TONS PRODUCT
TONS imocisseo
OAIRT PRODUCTS
3-02-030-01
3-02-030-99
CLASEO
MILK SPRAY-DRYER
OTHER /NOT CLASfO
TONS PRODUCT
TONS PBODUCT
TONS PROOUCT
C-10
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
INDUSTRIAL PRDCES -FOOD/AGBICULTUftE (CONTINUED;
***************** ****************
OTHER/NOT
SPECIFY IN REMARK
J-O2-VW-W SPECIFY IN ftttUM
INDUSTRIAL PRCCeS -PRIMARY METALS
•»•>•••••*•••••** *.«»•**«•«»*•»»*••
ALUMINUM ODI-BAUI
3-03-000-OI CRUSHING/HANDLING
AL DRE-ELECftOREDN
POUNDS
P»«T SOI
t H I.T T £ 0
MIX
P 6 » UNIT
HC CO
6,00
3-0.3-001-01
3-03-001-OJ
1-03-001-O
*-OS-0«l-0*
3~O3-OOl-0»
3-03-001-W
PRteAKE CELLS
HOUIiSTD SOOERSRC
VEflTSTO SQCERBEKG
MATERIALS HANOLN6
ANODE BAKI FVRNCE
OTHER/NOT CLASFO
AL
awo
J-C3-OM-01 66NERAL
COKE NET 6YPSODUC
1-03-003-01 GENERAL
3-03-OC3-OJ OWN CHARGING
3-03-J03-O3 0»EN PUSHING
3-03-CO3-0* «UiNCHlN6
3-03-003-06 UNCERFIRING
V03-COJ-07 COil CRISH/HANOL
3*09-003-99 OTHER/NOT CLA5FD
COKE MEt-SCEHIVE
»1.3
18.*
W.O
1.00
3.SO
1.50
0.60
0.90
O.*0
4.00
0.02
o.o*
0.03
4.20
J.5J
0.20
SHELTER
3-03-OQ9**01
3-03-005-OJ
I-fi3-00*-03
J-OJ-flOS-9*
V03-C05-05
3-03-005-06
3-C3-005-OS
»-«3-0«5"W
FEPALLOY CPtN
i-OJ-006-01
3-03-OOt-O2
3-03-CC6-03
j-03-OOfr-O*
3-C3-006-OS
3-83-004-lfl
3-03-OOi-ll
3-03-C06-IJ
»-03-00*-«
TOTAL/ggNERAL
BOASTING
SNELTINfi
CGIWEKTlNe
REFINING
ORE DRYER
FINISH QPER-GENl
OTHER/NOT CLASFO
FNC
SOt fEil
Tfl FE5I
90* FESI
SILICON METAL
SILICONtNCANESi
SCREEN I KG
ORE DRYER
LCBCAR6 CH-REACT*
OTHER /NOT CLASFO
135.
»5,0
20(0
60.0
10.0
ZOO.
315.
16$.
625.
Iff.
1,2*0.
60.0
320.
S70.
0.
SCNCOVFNC
3-OJ-007-01 PEftONANSANESE
J-03-OOJ-02 GENERAL
IRON PRODUCTION
3-03-OOb-OI
.3-03-008-O2
3-03-OOa-OJ
3-03-008-O*
3-03-000-06
3-03-000-07
1-03-001-99
STEEL PRODUCTION
•LAST FNC-OSECMG
BLAST FNC-ACLCHC
SINTERING GENERAL
ORf-tKUSH/HANDLE
SCARFING
SAND HANDLING OPN
MOLD OVENS
SLAG CRLSH/HANOL
OTHER/MOT CLASFO
3-03-009-01
3-03-009-02
3-03-009*03
1-03-009-0*
V03-009-05
1-03-009-10
3-03-009-11
1-03-809-1?
3-03-009-JO
OPNHEARTM DXLANCE
OPNNEAHTH NOXLNCE
BOF-GENERAL
CLCCT AtC M/LANCE
ELECT ADC NOLAIKE
f INISH/PICHLIN6
FINISH/SOAK PITS
FINI SH/S»IND,E1C
FIHISH/OTHER
OTHSR/NOT CLASFO
121.
42.0
1.00
If.4
$1.0
11.0
9.20
LEAD SHELTERS
3-03-010-01 SINTERING
3-03-oio-oz BLAST FURNACE
3-03-01 tt-OJ REVERB FURNACE
3-03-010-0* ORE CRWSHIN6
11*.
ZTB.
VS.*
2.00
421.
3*.9
y N I f $
TONS PHOCESSED (IHPUTI
TONS PRODUCE0
TONS OF ORE•
TONS ALUMINUM PPOOUCEO
TONS ALUMII'M BBIOOCfD
TONS ALUM I NIP
TONS ALU«!MM
TONS ALUMiMjN PROOUCSO
TONS
TONS ALUMINUM PROOUCfO
1.21 fNS COAL
0.60 TONS C1»l
0,07 TfNS Cfl*l
TONJ COil.
ti-JS COM CH»«0C0
T^ll COAL CMSHOEO
T"NS tO*l CH45SIO
1,00 '">lS CO»L
paoouct-n
TCMS
T"V«
TONS
TUNS
TONS
TIMS
TONS
tnN$
TONS
r^NS Pt'.'nitcrn
TONS IV IJ»f
TP1S PBICfSSFU
TONJ HANK fB
TONS SAND BAKFO
T.1NS M4M?t«t1
TONS
o. TONS p»rnuren
o. TINS CRnouctr*
139. TEN! POPOUCSD
ia.n TONS PRODUCED
18.0 TUNS c»opuci=n
TONS PROO'JCrO
IONS PBOBWFO
TONS fRCOUCBD
TONS PRnUPCFO
TONS PRODUCC1
0. T3NS CONCENT(i*TiO 0*E
0. WJS n>MCiW*ATCO ORE
0. TONS CONCENTRATED ORE
0. TnNS Of ORfi CRUSHED
1/75
Appendix C
c-ji
-------
LEAD SHELTERS (CONTINUED) POUNDS EM
PART "SOU
3-03-010-05
3-03-tolO-99
MM,VWEWIN
J-U3-011-OI
3-03-011-OJ
i-OS-OH-**
MATERIALS MANOLNC 5.00
OTHER/NOT CLASH)
MINING-GENERAL
HI U INS-GENERAL
PROCESS-OTHER
0.
NOX
"0.
0.
1.
HC
0.
CO
0.
UNITS
TONS
TONS
OF LEAD PRODUCT
CONCENTRATED ODE
KINO* EOS OF TONS «WI
TONS
TONS
PWBUCT
PROCESSED
TITANIUM PROCESS
9-03-019-01
9-OS-01Z-W
GOLD
3-03-013-Oi
BARIUM
3-03-014-81
3-03-014-OJ
3-0 3-014-OS
1-03-OJ4-W
BEKVLLIUN ORE
J-03-O 15-01
3-03-015-02
3-03-019-03
1—$J3*(J 1 $— Q%
3-03-01>gS
3—0 9—01 9-06 .
•-W-01S-OT
3-fl3— §15*68
>*Q3— 01^-09
3-03-OIS-W
MERCURY MINING
»~t»-OiSHH
»-83-«S-Oi
J-03-J2S-Q3
3-03-025-04
3-e»-eis-«
3— 0 3"*02 S*-06
1— 03— 025— 01
l-'flJ—OJ $—08
S*fi3"-Q25— 09
J-03-OIS-W
CHLORIMTION STAT
OTHER /NOT CLASIFO
NWIN6/PROCCSSIN6
oat aiim
REhlCTN KILN
DRtERS/CALUNERS
OTHER/NOT CLASFD
STORAGE
CRUSHING
MELTING
WGNCH/hiAT TREAT
GRINDING
SU.FATION/OIS50LV
SINTER INS
VENTIMTiON
LEACH/FILTER
OTHER/NOT CLASFO
SURFACE H.ASTINC
SURFACE (WILLING
SURFACE HANDLING
NATURAL VAPOR 0*
STRIPPING
LOADING
CONVEY /HAULING
UNLOADING
CONV/HAUL WASTE
OTHER/NOT CLASFO
0.
0.
0.
«.
d*
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
•a.
0.
0.
0.
0.
Ot
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
o.-
0.
0.
a.
a.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0*
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
8.
0.
(1.
0.
t>.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TIWS
TW5
TONS
TONS
TONS
TCNS
TONS
TONS
TWS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
PRODUCT
PROCESSED
ORE
PDOCESSEB
PROCESS ED
PROCESSED
OF ORE
pnocssseo
PHfCPSSf 0
PROCESS ID
PRCCFSS^O
PROCESSOR
PROCESSED
PROC0SSEO
PROCESSED
PROCESSES
OF 8B|
fP OR-S
Of ORE
OP mi
REMOVED
OF WE
OF ORE
Of air
OF ORE
OF ORE
MERCURY ORE PROCS
3-OJ-OJ6-01
3-0 3-0 i 6-0 4
3-03-U2&-OJ
3-03-026-04
§"*63*OI)
VERT RETWIS 100.
ELECtROLVfIC PROC 1*00
OTHER/NOT CLASfD
0.
0.
0.
0.
It 140.
s.
a.
o«
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0,
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
TOTS
TONS
TCNS
TONS
TOMS
TONS
TONS
Tl'NS
TONS
TONS
TC*NS
TONS
TINS
TONS
ptncessen
pfOf FSSIB
PRCCE^5£P
p«ncpiseo
PPOCES^ i©
PRC'CFSS^D
PROCESSED
PBUCF^i'O
PtflCf;SSED
PWflCFSSE*'
PP1X-FSSKD
W»PC« SSSP -
pone ESS EP
PBOCSSSEO
OTHER/NOT O.ASFO
SPECIFY IN ftEHARK
IONS •otnucfo
INDUSTRIAL PROCES -SECONOABr METALS
»*»*********»«*** *****************
AUUMINUM OPERATN
3-0+-001-OI
3- 04-001-04
9—04—001—03
£-Q4**Q0 1—94
3-04-001-10
3-04-001-11
S-0«-«OI-iO
J™0%-6Qi— S5
3-04-001-99
SWEAT INGFWNACE
SMELT-CRUCIBLE
SMELT-REVERB FNC
CHLORINATN STATN
FCIL ROLLINS
FOIL CONVERTING
CAN MANUFACTURE
KOLl-DftAtl-iXTRUDf
OTHER'NOf CLASFO
H. >
i.90
4,30
It.S
ASSrtRONI MELT
3-04-002-01
!»S*-at«-S2
3-OV-OOJ-03
J-04-O02-04
BLAST FNC
CRUCIBLE FMC
CUPOLA FNC
ELECT INDUCTION
IS.O
12.0
73.0
2.00
TONS PPPPUtfO
mis HETAI
I')N5 MFTiL PROOUC'iD
6, TONS K6TAI
0. TONS PRODUCT
o,. TUNS ppooyceo
0. TONS PRODUCED
0. TONS PRODUCED
TONS PRODUCED
TONS CH*«6E
TONS CMSH6I
TONS CHARGE
TONS CHARGE
C-12
EMISSION FACTORS
1/7S
-------
BRASS/6RONZ MELT
3-0»*OOZ-05
3-04-00 Z- 06
3-04-OM-99
etUtf IRON
S- 04- 00 3-01
^"04WOQ$B02
3-04-003-03
^-04*-00$— 05
3-04-003- JO
3-04-OOJ-40
3-04-003-50
3-04-003-99
LEAD SMELT SEC
3-04-004-01
3-04-004-02
3-04-004-03
3-C4-004-04
3-04-004-OS
3-04-004- «9
LEAD BATTERY
3-84-OOf-Ol
3*0*— OOS— 02
3- 04- 001 -OJ
3-04-M5-W
MAGNSSIU* SR
3-04-006-01
STEEL FOUNDRY
3-04-007-01
3-04-007-02
3-04-O07-03
3-04-007-04
3-04-007-05
3-04-007-06
3-04-007-10
I-04-BOf-lS
3-04-007-99
1INC SEC
3-04-009-01
3— 04—6(3 8-02
3-94-001-03
3-04-C09-04
3-04-OOB-05
3-04-008-06
J-C4-OQ8-07
(CONTINUED)
fti«t«B FNC
HOTA«Y FNC
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
CUPOLA
ItCVEAB FM£
ELECT INDUCTION
ANNEAL INS OPEPATh
NtSG CAST— PASCTN
GR INS IN^£l.iAN IN6
SAND HANOL-5ENL
OTHBl/NOT CLAIIFO
?OT FURNACE
REVERB FNC
UAST/CUPOLA PNC
HOTlR.tr RfVEAB FNC
LEAD OXIBI HFC
OTHER /NOT CLASIFO
TOTAI-GENERJ.L
CASTING F URN AC 6
PASTE MIXER
THREE PROCES OPER
OTNER/NOT CLASIFO
POT FURNACE
ELECTRIC ARC FNC
OPfiN HEARTH FHC
OPiK HEARTH IANCO
NIAT-TKEAT FNC
1MDIHTICN FURNACE
S
-------
MtSfRtAL PROCtS -NIMEItAL PRCOUCTS
m*t*MMMM** • •••••«•«»••»»•»«
A if MALT ROOF INS
3-00-001-01 BLOVING OPERATION
3-05-OOI-Oi DIPPING OW.V
3-05-001-03 SPRAYING ONI*
J-os-oai-o* DIPPING/SPRAYING
3-05-OOl-ig OTHER/MOT CLASIFO
ASPHALT 1C CQNCftET
3-C5-OW-01 ROTARY ORtER
J-05-OOJMM OTHER SOURCES
*»Of-002-9* OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
BRICK MANUFACTURE
3-05-003-01 OftYING-RAV NTL
3-es-003-Of 5MNDIN&-AAM NTL
3-05-00>03 STORAGE-RAM NfL
3-05-003-0* CURING 6AS FIREO
3-OS-OOJ-OS CUBING OIL FIREO
3-Of-003>-M CURING COAL FIREO
3-05-OOJ-99 OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
CALCIUM CARSIOE
3-01-404-01 EIKTMIC ftK
3-05-004-02 COKf ORYER
3-05-OOV-03 FNC ROOM VENTS
3-OS-OtH-W OTHER/NOT CLASIFG
CASTAH.I R6FRACTY
3-81-005-02 ii*W»TL CRUSH/WC
3-05-005-O3 ELECTRIC ARC MELT
3-G*-OOS-»4 CUOIN6 OVEN
3-05-005-05 «OLD/SHAKtOUT
3-OS-005-** OTHSR/NOT CLASIFO
CEMENT MFC DRY
3-C5-004-01 KILNS
3-05-006-O2 ORYEHS/CRlMOiRETC
3-05-006-03 KILNS-OIL FIREO
3*09-004-04 KILNS-GAS FIRiO
3-05-006-0* KILMS-COAL FIRED
3-05-004-99 OTHIR/NOT CLASIFO
CEMENT MF6 BET
J-OV007-02 ORVERS/eftlNOERETC
3-05-007-O3 KILNS-OIL FIKEO
3-05-007-0* KILNS OK FIRED
3-05-007-OJ NUNS-COAL FIREO
3-05-007-9* OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
CERAMIC/CLAY NFS
3-05-O08-01 DRYING
3- C 5-00 8-02 GRINDING
3-05-006-03 STORAGE
S-OS-COB-^q OTWR/NOT CL1SIFD
CLAY/FLYASHSINTEA
'3-OS-C09-G2 CLAY/COKE
3-09-009-03 NATURAL CLAY
3-OS-eO*-*» OTHER/ NOT CLASIFD
COAL CLEANING
3-OS-OlO-Ol THERM/FLUtO »EO
3-05-010-0; THERN/FLASH
J-05-010-OS THERM/NULTILOUVRO
J-05-OlO-S'P OTHER /NOT CLASIFO
MNCRETf BATCHING
3-OS-Oll-Ol GENERAL
3-01-«l»-IO ASBiSI/CfNNT TOIS
3-09*011-21 ROAO SURFACE
3-0»-011-«» OTHER/NOT CLASFO
FIBERGLASS »
TONS PR1W1JCIO
TONS PRTlUCfD
TONS PpgnHCFO
tais pppeiSSEo
TONS FF>0 »*T'»I*(,
TONS fEfO •"•Tfl'tAL
tt'NS FEED <<»TrRlAl
TPNS' FF6P «JTt°IAL
TINS FSfB MATERIAL
BA««FL5 MNfNT CROnjCfO
8i»««LS CS^ENT MOOUtSrj
0, 0. tfl«« CE«fNT PBilOHCfO
0. 0. TONS tt*lttl perJOUCtO
0. 0. TONS CFUBKT PROWJCFO
T0« CSMINT PROOUCFH
0. 0, WPELS CC^IN' PRIOICEC
BARRELS ttHFNT PDIKluCtl'
0. 0, 1UNS CtMCNT RROWCEI5
O. 0. TONS C€**?NT PfUUJCPO
o. o. THUS cew-tT eta RICE o
TJNS tEM'NT PROOUCfO
TONS INPUT TO P'ICFSS
TUNS If.PUT rj PROCESS
TJNS tint n mitiss
TONS PR30UCSO
ram ftiiwfi HRWUCT
TONS FINISHf) PPUDUCT
TUNS FINIWil PBOOUCT
T^MS pR^pycfp
TOSS COM. OR llC
TOWS CO«L ORHO
TONS COAL Oft I EC
TINS C0»l CL6AKEO
CUBIC YARDS CONCRETE PRODUCED
0. 0. TONS PRODUCT
0. 0. TONS CWWUCT
TONS PRODUCT
TPNS MATERIAL PROCESSED
TONS MATERIAL PROCESSED
A' UDIUTES ASH CONTENT AND 'S' INDICATES SULFUR CQKrENT OF THE FUEL, ON A PERCENT BASIS W K1GKT)
C-14
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
FWEWUSS MF6 (CWTUWKJ
3-0>-Ol2-d3 ELiCnue INO PNC
»~OS-Ol*-0* FORKING LINE
3-0*-0«-4» CUXIN6 OVEN
J-05-012-M OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
FAIT tec,
a-05-oii-oi RCM»? rite ctm.
CL»SIFB
SOQULIM CfNL »NC
««N N*t HEC/lTOTfl
; p Q. u N o s EMITTIA
SOX HO* '
PS« W M I
Mt
GLASS IW6
3-0»-01*-IO
3-05-01*-!!
6VPSUN NFS
5-C5-015-O1
3-OS-OlS-dl
J-05-OIS-0+
MOLTEN MOLD TANKS
OIHER/NOt CL»S|fD
UN NTL DRflR
PR I HIST MI Wit
CALCINE*
CONVEYING
Ct»SIFD
50.0
1.00
16.4
J. 00
»o.o
1.00
90.0
O.TO
0.
0.
UNITS
TONS Hi'ERIU MOCESSEO
TUNS HATEDIAl PROCiSSIO
TONS MATERIAL PROCfSSEO
TONS PROCESSED
TONS CHAfcGE
TONS CH4BCEO
TJNS CLASS
»PHS PlnCESSFO
0. tnNS PPOCf5SED
TfNS MIKESSED
IONS PRODUCED
IONS
TCHJ TH8PUGHPUT
THUS THBOl'WWT
TPNS TMRDUEMPUT
TONS
3-05-016-01 PR1N**« CRUSMlNe
3-05-Olt-Oi SECNORT CRUSH1NC
CtUINNQ-VERTKIlN
}-0*-Oli-»9 OTMH/NOT CLA5IFD
CUPOLA
(lEVBtB FNC
HGN CH4HBW
CUR INS OVIN
COOLER
01HER/NOT Ct*5IFC
VERTICAL FNC SEN
OTHER/WIT CLtSIFO
MCCL
3-05-OIJ-01
3-05-01T-OJ
3-«5-Ol?-OJ
J-flS-017-D*
J-Oi-017-05
P6H1IE M>C
3-05-016-99
PMCSPHiTE BOCK
31.0
2.00
a.oo
200.
22.0
S.UO
ir.o
4.00
2.00
u.
0.
0.02
o.
0.
TONS Pfcctsstn
WHS P*«ESMD
TONS
TONS
TUNS
TI;NS
t»'S CMikCE
TON* CHARGE
IMS CHAR 66
TOUS W«ESSFO
T(!NS CH4PG6
TUNS psocessto
CRT INC
W MOIN«
3-05-019-0* OPEN S! OR AGE
OTHER/HOT CLASIFO
STONE OU4RY/PROC
3-05-020-01 PUMA**
3-05-020-02 SEC CRUSH/SCREEN
3-05-0^0-03 fERT C*USM/SCMICh
3-05-02O-O* RiOtUSWieAflNlNe
3-05-020-05 FINES HILL
3-05-020-06 SCREEN/CUNVr/MMDL
i-Ob'020-07 OPEN SIOIUGE
3-05-020-06 CUT STONE-GCNiRAL
3-05-020-OT BLASTING-GENERAL
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
15.0
20.0
2.00
40.0
0.50
1.50
6. CO
5.00
6.00
j.ao
10.0
0.
u.
0.
Of
0.
O.
0.
0.
0.
TPMS P(4nSI"H«»t SOCK
TUNS PWlSPHSif H9CH
TOM PMCSPH«Tt OTCK
tMS ?BO?PH*T; HOCK
Tgws ft'i
re>(5 P»«
fOIS F«W XltFF UL
row *«x iA»wm
TONS «*H .XAIfcO|«L
Tot*
TONS
TUNS
TS1HS PPPCESS60
TONS PPOCFS56D
•J-OS-021-01 GENERAL
POTASH PRCOUCT10N
»1|NE-OH1ND/DHY
3-OS-022-W OTHER/NOT CLASIFP
CALCIUM 60BATC
3-05-023-01 NINIM/PKOCESSING
OTHER/NOT CL*SIfO
N6 CARBONATE
TONS PI Ken
TONS ORE
fnNS PBOCFSSim
TONS POOCFSSED
3-os-o2»-oi niNE/raocess
CUSIFO
SANO/CRAVEL
(-01 CRUSHtNWSCRffN
5-05-025-99. OTHER/NO I CLASIFO
'PNS
TONS PROCESSiO
B, TONS PRODUCT
TONS PROCESSED
DIAtDMACOUSERTH
3-OS-02H-01 HANOL1N6
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
TONS PDRDUCT
TONS PROCESSED
1/75
Appendix C
(P-1S
-------
•mwwww«w»«»fnrWW «•**••••• ft Bfl'MK**
CErtlHIC ELECT PTS
»-0»"«J9.M
ASBEI10S HININ6
3-85-OIl-Ot
3—09—091—02
3-05-031-09
3-05-031-04
3-01-OM-OS
J-C§~flJl-Ot
3-05-031-07
3-05-Oil-Oi
3-05-0 J 1-09
3-OS-OJl-W
3~OS-0«»U
3-0§-031-W
OTHW/NOT CLASIM
SURFACE M.ASTINC
SURFACE MILtiW
COBBINC
LOAD INC
CONVEY/HAUL ASBES
CONVEY/HAW. HASTE
UNLOAD INS
StRIPPINS
VENTILATION
STOCICPILINO
I41LIN6S
OTHER/NUT CLASFr
ASBESTOS MILLING
3-OJ-03J-01 CRUSHING
3-05-OJ2-OJ IMYIN6
3-05-U32-03 flECRUSMING
3-05-032-0* SCREEN INS
3-OS-OJ2-05 FIBERIZtNC
3-05-032-0* 9AGGING
3-05-ai2-«* OTHER/NOT CLASFO
MINING-SPEC MATL
3-05-0*0-01
3-OS-Q40-02
3-05-0*0-0*
J-OS-0*0-10
3-BS-1HO-20
3-05-0*0-21
3-0 S-IH 0-22
3-os-o* o-za
3-OS-040-Z*
3-01-0*0-10
3-05-0*0-31
3-01-0*0-31
3-05-0*0- J*
3-OS-040-S6
3-05-0*0-99
PIT-SLASH NO
OPEN MT-DRILUN6
OPEN PIT-COBBING
UNOERGAD-VEMT IUT
LOADING
COimY/HAUi. HAH
CONVIY/HAUL HAST6
UNLOAOIN6
$TR1I>I>!H6
STOCKPILE
PRIMARY CKUSMEK
SfCONOARY CKUSNEft
ORE CONC6NTHATOK
a«i ORYER
SCfttENINO
TAIL!US PUSS
DTHES/NOT CLASIFO
01H6R/NOT CLASIFO
3-05-9^9-9, SPECIFY IN REMARK
in CHS! RIAL PfiOCES -fETROLEUH IMMtf
*•*•«**•»*•**••*• •**»•«***•******»
N 0 S
S0«
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a*
o,
o.
Q<
a.
o-
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
e.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
a.
o.
o.
a.
o.
0.
a.
E M
I T T E 0
ma
o.
0.
0.
o.
o,
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
i *
HC
a.
o.
0.
a.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
o.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
o.
0.
0.
0.
e.
o.
n.
a.
0.
o..
o.
0.
u M r t
CO
0.
o.
.0.
0.
a.
o,
o,
0,
0,
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
o.
a.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o*
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
a.
0.
0.
UNITS
TONS PROCESSED
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TEWS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TONS
TINS
TONS
at m
IOUO 9ASBEIS WCUUH OISTIlLATIOt
1000 BAR8ELS VACWN OISTILltTION
NtiltON EALLONS COOLING JATEP
1000 H1BPELS HfiPINIRY CAPKITV
1000 KARRCIS REFINERY CAPACITY
1000 BARKfLS REFINSKY CAPACITY
1000 BAR II aS REFINERY CAPACITY
1000 BARRELS HtFIIIIW «f«»6IT*
•A' INDICATES ASH CONTENT AND <$' INDICATES SULFUR CONTENT OF THE FUEL, OK X PERCENT BASIS (Bf HEIGHT)
C-16
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
INDUSTRIAL PROCES .PETROLEUM INIMf (CONTINUED)
*iBMiH»*** **!>«•* ****»*******•##
FLARES
3-M-004-01 NATURAL 6AS
3-0«-a«»*49 OTHER/NOT CLASlfO
StUOGE CONVERTER
J-06-010-01 GENERAL
ASPHALT
3-0&-CI1-OI GENERAL
3-06-011-99 OTHER/NOT CLAStFO
FLUID COKING
>-Ofr-012-01 GENERAL
3-06-OU-W C 001 1 NO OPER
S-06-OII-OS TRANSPORTATION,
STORAGE
CATALYTIC ftEFOM
S-06-OH-01 GENERAL
OTHER SNOT CLASIFO
3-0&-99V-98 SPEC I FT IN UMM
3-06-9OT-99 SPECIFY IN REMW
INDUSTRIAL pRoees -HOOD PRODUCTS
*•>•»•••»«»••«»»* •••*»•««••««•••••
PART
POUNDS
SB*
EMITTED
MX
f I
II * I T
UNITS
1411,11011$ OF CUBIC FEE1
MILLIONS OF CUBIC FfiT
TONS PROCESSED
TONS PROCESSED
IONS PPOCESS60
1001 B1RHELS (UCIH ICCO
10UQ IMBELS FPESH FE«0
1000 8»R»EL5 FRtSH F6£0
lOW RMk&S HliSH VitO
1004 S»RCaS FRESH fKO
TONS WOC8SS60
MMfiC-MOCESSCO
3-07-001-03
SULFATE PULPNG
i-07-001-01 BLWTNK ACCUNM.TR
(.4SHRS/SOEEN5
••W.T-6FFSCT iYAP
RECVT BOLH/DCEV4P
3-07-001-05 SHELT DISSOUY TMt
»-0»-0(U-fl6 I WE KILNS
3-07-001-OT TURPfNTINf CONKI
3-07-001-01 FLU108ED CALCINER
3-O7-001-O9 LIQUOR OXIDN TONA
OTHER/NOT ClASIFC
SULFITE PULPING
3-07-002-01 L10IIOR MCCViHV
>-0?-00«-OZ SULFITt TOWH
J-U7-002-OJ DIGESTi*
a-OT-002-0* SMELT TANK
3-07-001-05 EVAPORATORS
3-07-OOJ-06 PULP DIGESTEP
OTNtR/PtOT CLASIFO
PAPERtOARO-OIN
PULP6DARC HFC
>07-00«-01
3-07-00»-OJ
3-07-004-9S OThi«/NOT Cl*SIFO
PRESSURE TREATINS
3-C 7-005-01 CHEOSOTE
3-01-005-99 OtHER'NOT CLASIFO
tALltlL/OCSIN
»-Of*f>0**01 GENERAL
3-07-007-01 VENEER ORVE*
3-07-007-02 SANOINe
3-C7-OOJ-« QTMER/NOT CUSIFO
SAWMILL OPEHAMS
3-07-OOS-99 QTHER/Nor CLASlfO
EXCELS [OB HFC
J-OT-809-OT OTHEIt/llOT CLASIFO
cam fROcesstNG
3-0 7-01 0-S1 OTHER/ NOT CLASIFD
nilNlftlftt NFC
3-07-OeO-« OIHED/NOT CLA11FB
OTHER/NOT a AS It 0
9-07»9f«-f« SPECIFY IN REMARK
0.
0.
0,
151.
2.00
45,0
0.
n.o
0.
a,
o.
$.09
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
o.
0.60
0.
0.
i.Z)
(It
0.
A.
0.
4U.O
A.
10.1)
C.
0.
A|K»QRY T'HtS UHULE1CHF1 PIJLP
UK-BUY TONS IJNBLfACMfn PULP
iin«nnY IONS ututlaCMto P'JIP
»I*-pii» tnis uweifiCMeo pijtp
AIH-OBY TONS UWtMCNFO PULP
• I1-OOY TONS UNHMCME'J PULP
•IP-DRY TONS UN»ll»CMeO PULP
MS-OS Y TONS I IN £11 f ACHE 1 P'Jl"
A1H-DRY TONS
*IB-OH» TPNS UNKLF ACHED P"J!IP
AI»-«» TONS UNKLiACHCD CUM
•IM-Wt TCNS UNBlFWHin PUlo
AIR-1RV fMS UNKiACMCO P'JLP
raw HP pe» PULP i
WHS IIP IWY CUIP
WMS
T,MI FINISHED c«(jour,r
TONS FINISHED P = Tpt'Ct
TONS PC »0(io TPfATCD
Tl"l< OF W11[> TRF4TFO
TPNS W F-P10UCI
a. twt
o. TONS pnoeesseo
TO«IS
TUNS MGCESSED
TBN1 MOCESSEO
TONS PROCESSED
TONS pnaeissEft
TONS PBOCFSSEO
1/75
Appendix C
C417
-------
INDUSTRIAL PROCSS -WETAL FMRICAttOft
***************** •««•••»•••••***»•
PART
POUNDS
SOX
EMITTED
NOI
n* UNIT
HC
UNITS
I ROM/If lit
1-Of-OOtHII MSC HAROMtRE
3-0«-001-OZ FtRN MtCMlNfRf
>o«-0ai-*9 OHM/NUT CLASIFO
PUTINS OPERA TONS
J-09-01O-99 OTHER/NOT CLASIfO
CAN MAKING OPkMS
>oe-020-«« QTHiD/NOT CLASIFD
MACH1NINS OPER
3-0*-03D-Ol 0»ILUNS-SI> NUTL
3-09-Q13-OJ MIUIN6-SP Mtl
3-09-039*81 R6*HINt-SP NAN.
3-0»-03Q~0* G«INOIN6-SP MAIL
3-«9-aj9-05 SAHING-SP H*TL
J-S9-030-W HONINS-Sf> C*U,
J-0»-OSO-ff OTHES-SP IUTL
OTHER/NOT
3.l)<,-»W-99 SPfCIFV IN
INCUSTRIM. PROCIS -LtUfMM P»OOUCJS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
TONS OF CROm/CT
TONS Of PKOBUCf
TONS
TONS PUTEO
TONS
TONS WOCfSStB
TONS
TONS
TONS P9MESSH
IONS noccss'D-
>"o«s wotissen
TONS P'OCESSCO
CTM1B/W3T CLAS1FD
3.?0-fl^,-,, SPECIFt fN
IVI[:L$T«UL MtOCiS -7EKTKJ KFG
TONS PROCESSED
CENERA1. F»t)«rlCS
1-10-001-ai TtMl M6P/M_E*CH
9 OTMER/NCT SPECIFO
FABRICS
3-30-00^-99 gtMER/NGT SPECIFO
CARPET OPERATES
3-»0-003-« OTHER/NOT SPECIFO
INDUSTRIAL PROWS -INPROCESS FUEL
>**•»******>**** «>«»»«••• »•<•••••
ANTHRACITE cost
3-90-OJl-^9 OTMER/NOI CLAS1FO
BITUMINOUS COAL
3-90-002-JI CEHENt KILN/DRYER
3-90-002-01 LINE KILN
3-1O-002-04 KAOLIN KILN
J-90-002-9* BRICK KILN/CRY
3-90-O02-0? GYPSUM KILN/ETC
COM, OP.YEU5
ROCK/6R«VEL OUTER
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
CIL
3- 90-004-01
3- 90-004-01'
3- l«-eil*- M
3-90-904-10
3-90-004-11
3-10-Ofl*-30
J-9O-094-M
3-9U-004-50
a-^o-ow-si
ASPHALT BRfER
CEBtNt KILN/DRIER
LIME KILN
KAOLIN KILN
HETAL MELT INC
BRICK XILN/ORV
GYPSUM KILN/ETC
GLASS FURNACE
ROCK/GPAVEL DRYER
FRIT SHELTER
PERtire FUKMCE
FEEO/CRAIN DRYING
FOOO-OR*«OOK# ETC
DRY I NO
PLVHOOD-ORYLKS
PULP-RECOV 101LiR
OTHCR/NOT CLASIFD
OISTUL4TE OIL
3-9U-005-01 ASPHALT OSrtR
3-90-009-02 CEMENT KUN/ORYiR
3-90-004-03 LINE KILN
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
«.
0.
0.
0.
9.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
u.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
n.
(1,
a.
o,
0.
a.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
o.
TONS PRCCfSSCO
T01S PHHMSSFQ
TONS P*C«SStD
TONS BURNIfB
fntlS HUBNS'J
TONS «WNFO
TONS
T'."lS BL'RNIrO
TONS BU*N!0
TOKS ammo
tt'NS
1331 6»ltOMS HUBN6II
1000 04LL1NS P'.lRVfO
1000 GilLLtWS HURN80
CDLLONS
OflLLONS
OttlONS
IW)
lU'JO
i coo
131*9 r.SLLONS
11100 CiLLDNS
Iv'UO GALLONS
OAtlQNS
naLLONS
i GALLONS
CeL'.HNS
P.UDNEO
BURWD
eu««eo
BURNtO
BUD ME I)
BUKNEt)
H*>
10<)0
l')oo
1000
WflO
1000
GALI ONS
GALLONS
nURNFO
BURNED
BIWMD
BlIBNEO
BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS 8USMEO
C-18
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
UmlLkAIC UIL IW
3-90-OOJ'-O4
3-90-005-05
3-90-005-06
3-90-009-07
3-90-OOS-O*
3-90-005-W
3-90-005-10
3-90-005-11
3-90-005-30
3-90-005-31
3-90-005-32
3-90-005-50
3-SO-OOS-)!
J-40-005-U
3-90-00*- «9
NATURAL GAS
3- 90-006-01
3-90*006-02
3-90-006-03
3-90-006-04
3-90-006-05
3-90-006-06
3-90-006-07
3-9g-OU6-OB
3-90-006-09
3-90-006-10
3-SO-O 06-11
3-90-006-30
3-90-006-31
3-90-006-32
3-90-CC6-50
3-90-006-51
3-90-fl«6-52
3-90-006-44
PROCESS GAS
3-90-007-01
3-90-007-94
CGKE
3-90-008-01
3-90-008-99
NCCD
1-90-009-49
ni inutv/
KAOLIN KILN
METAL BELTING
BRICK KILN/OAT
GYPSUM KILN/ ETC
GLASS FURNACE
ROCK/GRAVEL ORTER
FRIT SHELTER
PERLITf FURNACE
FEED/GRAIN DRYING
FODD-OftY/COnK/ETC
FERTILIZER DRYING
PULPBOARD-CRY ERS
PLYKOOD-DRVEKS
PULP-RECOV BO tit*
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
ASPHALT OBYEB
CEMENT KILN/DRYER
LIME KILN
KAOLIN KILN
METAL MELTING
BRICK K1LN/DRTS
GYPSON KILN ETC
GLASS FURNACt
ROCK/GRAVEL DRYER
FRIT SMELTER
PERLtTE FURNACE
F6EO/GPAIN DRYING
FOOO-CRY/UJCIK/ETC
FERTILIZER OUTING
PULPBOARO-WmUS
PLYKOOO-ORYERS
PULP-RECOV BOILED
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
CO/BLAST FURNACE
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
MINERAL "001 FURK
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
PART
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0*
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
sox
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
I).
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
POUNDS EMITTED PER UNIT
NOX
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
g.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
HC
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
o.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
co
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1).
0.
UNITS
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BUB ME 0
1700 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
10(10 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BURNED
1090 GALLONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS BORNEO
lOOO GALLONS dURNEO
MILLION CUBIC FEET BU°NEQ
MILLION CUBIC FEET BURNED
MILL 1 Of, CUBIC FEET BU1N6H
KILll'JN CUBIC FfET BURNED
MILLION CUBIC FEET BURNED
MILLION C'JfllC CFET BURHF.D
MIL1. ION CH1IC FECT N'lBNST
rlLUTK CURIC FEET BMfNfn
'ILLI'JN CUBIC FF?T 911° "if 1,
«iLLI')N C'JBIL FEET RWIEU
MILLION CUBIC FEET BU' ' EO
MILLION CUBIC FEET Bi)»"60
MILLION CIIRIC FEET BUBMFO
MILLION CUBIC FF.FT BURNED
MILLION niBIC FECT BUPNll
"ILLICN CUBIC FFET BURNFn
MILLION CIHIC BEET f)U«"FO
MltLlUN CUB If FfFI K'Jf'iei
MILL UN CUBIC FEET RURNF.3
MILLION 'CUBIC FEET H'.lftiO
H-NS BUBMEO
TONS
TONS BURNF?
L1C PET GAS ILPG)
3-90-010-49 OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
3-90-999-97 SPECIFY IN REMARK
3-90-999-98 SPECIFY IN REMARK
3-90-999-99 SPECIFY IN REMARK
INCU&TRIAL PROCES -OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
*•**••*•*••*•*••* • •*****••******•*•
SPECIFY IN REMARK
3-94-999-99
PCINT'SC EVAP -CLEANING SOLVENT
•**•*****•**•**** **•**••*******•••
OBYCLEANIN6
4-01-001-OI
4-01-001-02
DECREASING
V-01-002-01
V-01-OOi-O;
4-01-002-03
4-01-002-04
4-01-002-05
4-01-002-44
PERCHLOREThVLINE
STODDARD
STOOOAKO
TRICHLOROETHANE
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
METHVLENE CHLCRD6
TRICK.OROETHYLENE
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
4-01-999-49 SPECIFY IN REMARK
POINT SC 6VSP
PAINT
4-02-001-01 GENERAL
-SUHfACE COAT INC
*••********•*••**
0.
0.
0.
1,120.
I). 1100 GsinNS 6'IPNEC
0. MILLION CUBIC FFFt
0. 1100 GALLONS BUB MED
0. TONS RUDKED
T3NS PPPCES5ED
0. TrhS CLOTHES CtcANF.D
0. TINS CLI5THES CLfANfO
TUNS SCLVFNT USEC1
TONS SOLVENT USF.D
TUNS SOIVENT USRO
TONS SOLVENT USED
TnNS SOLVENT USED
TONS SOLVENT USED
TONS SOLVENT USED
0. TONS COATING
1/75
Appendix C
-------
EW .SURFACE CMTtM
VARNISM/SNeLUC
*-OI-003-Ol GENERAL
LACUER
*-t*-eO*-»t GENEML
6MHEL
*-$1
4— 03— fifll- 92
4-03-001-5J
4-03-OOI-S4
+-03-001-55
4-03— 001— 9A
+-03-001-57
4*Q3"*OQ l-» 50
4-03-001-19
4—S3—QCI "*60
FLOA*l?iG°8tf
+-03-002-01
4-03-Q01-O1
4-03-002-03
+-03-C02-0+
* 4*Q3'*002— OS
+-03-002-06
1 4—0 3-OO 2— (1 1
,4-03-002-00
4-03-002- 09
4-03-002-10
+-03-002-11
4-03-002-12
+-C3-OOi-13
4-03-002-14
+-03-002-15
+-03-002- Ifc
VAR-VAPC6 SPACE
+-03-003-O2
4-01-003-01
4-0 1-00 J-04
*- 1)3-003-05
4-O3-OOI-9*
4-C3-003-07
*-01- 003*01
4-03-901-09
+-03-003-10
4-01-003-11
+-03-003-12
4— 03— 003—13
4-03-003-1+
-PETROL PROD ST«
BREATH-GASOLINE
BREATH-CRUDE
MQRKING^GASQL INE
HORKING-CRUOE
8BEATH-JET FUEL.
BREATH-K EDOSENE
6REA1M-OIST FUEL
BR EAf H^BENZENE
BRE»TH-CVCLOHE«
aREATH-CYCLOPENT
IRiATH-HEPTANg
BRIATH-HCIANi
BREATH- ISOOCTANE
BREATH-ISOPENTANE
Di!§AT!4-P£NTANE
BREATM-TOIUEME
WORKING- JET FUEL
WRK ING-KEROSENE
MQRKfNG-OIST FUEL
trORRING-«ENZENE
MORKING-CYCiahCX
HORKING-CYCLOPENT
WORKING- HEPTANE
WOMINS-HtXANE
MORKING-ISOOCTANE
NOIIKING-ISOFENT
NORK1NB-PENTANE
WJRKING-TOLUENE
STANB 5TG-GASOLN
MORKlNG-PftODUCT
STANC STS-CRUOE
WRKINC-CRUOE
STAND StE- JET FUEL
STAND STS-«EROS«E
STAND STG-OI5T FL
STAND STG-BeNZEfcE
STANB STS-CYCLHEX
STAND STG-CYCLPEN
STAND STG-HEPTANE
STAND STG-HEXANE
STANC STO-ISOCCTd
STAND STS-IKIPENT
STANB STS-PENTANE
STAND STG-TOLUENE
NORKING-SASOLINE
WMKING-JET FUEL
NORR-ING-KEROSENE
MMKIIW-OIST FUEL
HDRKING-tiNZENE
MltmiNG-CVCLOHit
IRKING— CVCLOPENT
HORK ING-HEPTANE
WRKINC-HEXANE
KOdK 1 NO- ISOOCTANE
NORKiNe-ISOPENT
KORK1NG-P6NTANE
DORKING-TOLUENE
0.
0.
9.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
9,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
a.
o.
o.
o.
a.
o.
a.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
a.
a.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0. ,
a*
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
V.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0*
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
80.1
S4.8
9.00
1.30
25.2
11.
11.
18.
20.
fl.
II.
32.1
13.9
142.
94 .9
5.8+
2.40
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.10
6.40
1.20
3.60
1.50
IS.?
10. 6
0.6+
11.0
a.
lO.t
0.
4.31
1.90
1.90
2.70
3..0J
9.74
1.64
4.TS
2.01
20.8
13.4
O.H9
10. Z
2.33
1.00
1.00
2.3O
2.60
T.10
1.40
4.QQ
1.70
1T.I
12.0
0.73
UNITS
TONS COATING
TONS COATING
TOW COATING
TONS COATING
TONS COATING
TONS COATINC
TOSS COATING
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
D,
0,
0.
0,
0.
0.
9.
0,
0.
0.
«.
0.
0.
0*
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
a.
0.
«.
«.
0.
a.
4.
a.
a.
0.
a.
0.
0.
0.
D.
0.
0.
9,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1000
1000
I COO
10.JC
IMS
1' 3OT
10'JO
1000
1000
1000
inao
1000
1090
1 MO
ISO*
10UO
1?00
1000
1000
1330
1000
1001
1000
1000
1:110
icon
1UOO
1100
1000
1HOO
woo
1-J-JO
lews
(033
190')
li)l)C
1000
1000
1300
KK'O
l"cn
1000
1000
10CO
1000
1000
1900
i«W
1900
1)00
1000
1OOO
tooo
1000
1000
1000
1000
OALIOMS
GALLONS
OAUONS
GiLLONS
-------
POINT SC MAP -NtSC OMANiC SIM
A**************** *****************
POUNDS
tua son
EMITTED
MX
PER
UNIT
KC
CO UNITS
OttCR/NOf CLASIFO
*-0*-001-99 SPECIFY IN REMARK
COIN! SC EV»P -PRINTING MESS
***************** **«*******>*•****
TONS STOREB
4-05-001-01 GENERAL
TONS
POINT SC iV»P -PETRCL MMT-TRANS
***»***#****»*»*# *****************
10*01 SPL»SM)-G» 50
TANK CARS/TRUCKS
4-06-001-01
4-06-001-02
V-06-001-03 10*D(SPUSHI-JET
4-06-001-04 LOADISPLASH1-KEMO
4-fl{,-iXn-OS LOMISPLASHI-01ST
4 LOMISU1N1-GASDLN
4-M-OOl-lt
t-Oft-001-92
4-06-00l-»4
4-06-001-55
ET ft.
LOADISUBNI-KEROSN
LOAOISUaMI-CIST
UNLOAD-GASOLINE
UNLOAO-CRUOE OIL
UNLOAD-JET FUEL
ONLOAD-KEROSENE
UNLOAD-OIST Oil
NMiNf VESSELS
4-00-002-OI
4-06-G02-03
4-Ot-OOi-05
4-06-002-26
4-06-002-21
*-08-001-»
LOADING-GASOLINE
LOAQINS-CRUOE Oik
LOADING-JET FUEL
LOAOINC-KHtOStNE
LQAOINS-DIST CIL
UNLOAO-CASOLINE
UNLQAC«CRilOE OIL
UNLOAD-JET FUEL
UNLOAO-KEWSENE
UNLOAIHOIST OIL
UNOERWD CASO STS
4-06-003*02
V-0&-OOJ-04
4-flfr-003-05
SPLASH
SUB LOAD-UNCONT
SUB LOAO-OPN SYS
SU» LOAD-CIS SYS
UNLOADING
FILL OEM GAS TANK
4-06-004-01 MP DIS» LOSS
4-04-004-02 110 SPILL LOSS
sc EVAP -NISC w evAP
****(*(*********• *****************
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
o.
e.
o.
0.
o.
o.
o.
9.
«.
0.
o.
0.
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
Q
a
0
«
0
U.4
10.*
1.14
0.88
1,83
0.91
0.49
2.10
i.ie
0.45
0.23
0.24
2.88
2.11
Otto
0.2T
U.29
J.5J
2.25
0.11
0*2%
0.25
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
II.S
t.in
a. to
o,
i .00
11.0
0.67
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
loon
I-JOB
I TOO
1UOO
1000
10ALLCNS TR4MSFEBBEO
OAIL'JNS TSAMS^^BPEO
G*LLC« TBAHSffBBfO
OALICNS T»»NSFt«BFO
0*1.1'VIS THANSFeSBflJ
6ALLCNS TR«i$FEP*€d
OAKUMS T'ANSFEB'^O
CAILJNS
GALLONS
i»«eo
I '00 KALLONS
10)0 r.HlllWS
1"00 GAILDNS
10QC a*UONS
I'lOO GALLONS THAMJFMKfO
IOCC GALLONS l»t"il»f(l
1000 GALLONS PIlNfED
OTHES/NPT
SPECIFY IN REMARK
IC«iS PSOCtJSEP
SOLID WASTE -GWEtNNENT
***************** *****************
PUNIC I PAL INCIN
5-Ol-COI-Ol MULTIPLE CHA-eEP
s-ai-oet-ot SINGLE
OPEN IWNINC DUHP
6fMR*L
5-01-002-02 LANDSCAPE/MUNIN6
f-Cl*OOi-0» JET MEL
INCINEBATOR
S-01-OS5-05 PATHOLOGICAL
s-oi-ogs-04 SLUDM
5-01-005-07 CONICAL
5-01-005-99 OtHER/NO? CLAS1FD
AW.FtEL/NO EKSNS
5-01-900-0*
S-Ol-900-OS
5-01-900-06
j-oi-900-io
RESIDUAL OIL
DISTILLATE OIL
NATURAL CAS
IPS
10.0
1S.O
lt.0
1T.O
«.QO
1OO.
29.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
Z. 50
2.50
I. 00
2.00
2.09
6.00
1.09
i.30
15.0
M.9
10.0
35.0
20 .0
65.0
60.0
TONS BUH'J'i)
TONS Bl««eO
J.OO
2.00
0.
0.
0.
0.
HUNOHtDS OF OALLONS
3.00 0. 0. TONS HUD1L-0
1.90 l.OS 0. TONS DRY 5UI1GF
>.00 10.0 40.0 TONS WDNiO
THNS •UtNEO
0. 0. O. 1900 GALLONS
0. 0.' 0. 1009 CALLONS
0. 0. 0. MILLION CUBIC FEET-
0. 0. 0. 1000 CALLOUS
1/75
Appendix C
-------
AUX.RJEL/NO EMSNS (CONTINUED;
5-01-900-97 OTHER/NOT CLASlFb
5-01-900--9B OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
9-01-900-99 OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
D S
SOt ID HASTE
-CONN-INST
INCINERATOR GEN
5-02-001-01
5-02-001-02
5-02-001-03
5-02-001-04
5-02-001-05
OPEN BURNING
S-02-002-01
APARTMENT INCIN
5-02-003-01
5-02-003-02
INCINERATOR
MULTIPLE CHAMBER
SINGLE CHAMBER
CONTROLLED AIR
CONICAL;FEFUSE
CONICAL MOOD
FLUE FED
FLUe.FiO-NOOIFlEO
5-U2-005-05 PATHOLOGICAL
£-02-005-06 SLUDGE
5-02-005-99 OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
Adi.FUEL/NO EMSNS
0.
o.
o.
t.oo
15.0
iOfio
TiOO
30.0
6.00
B.OO
10U.
EMITTED
•SOX NO*
0. 0.
0. 0.
0. »,
5-02-900-04
5-02-900-05
5-02-900-06
5-02-900-10
5-02-900-97
5-02-900-S9
5-02-900-94
SOLID NASTE
INCINERATOR
5-03-001-01
5-03-001-02
5-03-001-03
5-03-001-04
»- 03-001-05
5-03-001-06
OPEN BURNING
5-03-002-01
5-03-002-02
5-03-002-03
5-03-002-04
RESIDUAL OIL
DISTILLATE OIL
NATURAL GAS
LUG
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
OTHER/NOT. CLASIFD
OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
-INDUSTRIAL
MULTIPLE CHAMBER
SINGLE CHAMBER
CONTROLLED AIR
CONICAL REFUSE
CONICAL VOOD
OPEN PIT
UOOD
REFUSE
AUTO BODY CGNPTS
COAL REFUSE PILES
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7.00
15.0
1.40
20.0
T.OO
13.0
17.0
16.D
100.
0.90
AUTO BODY INCINAT
5-03-003-01
5-03-003-02
N/0 AFTERBURNER
N/ AFTERBURNER
2.00
1,50
Z.SO
z.so
1.50
z.oo
0.10
0.50
0.50
0.
1.00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
2.50
2.90
1.50
2,00
0.10
oao
0.
1.00
3-0*
2.00
10.0
5.0(J
i.oS
2.«B
1.09
10*0,
3.00
5.00
0.
o.
ft
o.
o.
o.
3.00
2.00
10.0
5,00
1.00
4.00
2.00
6.00
4.00
0.10
0.10
0.02
RAIL CAR BURNING
5-03-004-01 OPEN
INCINERATOR
S-O3-005-06 SLUDGE
5-03-005-99 OTHER/NOT CLASIFO
AUX.FUEL'NO EMSNS
5-03-900-0*
5-03-900-05
5-03-900-06
J-03-90O-07
5-03-900-10
5-03-900-97
5-03-90B-5B
S-03-900-99
RESIDUAL OIL
DISTILLATE OIL
NATURAL GAS
PROCESS GAS
L P S
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
OTHER/NOT CLASIFC
OTHER /NOT CLASIFO
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
I).
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
UNIT
HC
0.
0.
0.
3.00
\s.o
0.
20-0
11 .0
».00
U.O
3(00
0.
I. 00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
3.00
19.0
0.
20.0
11.0
0.
4.00
30.0
30.0
0.50
0.50
0.
1.00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
to
0.
0.
0.
10.0
|o.o
0
«w»
190.
so.O
za.O
t'OtO
0.
0.
0.
, 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
10.0
20.0
0.
60.0
130.
0.
30.0
35.0
125.
2. SO
2.50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
UNITS
MILLION CUBIC FEET
1000 GALLONS
TONS
TONS BURNED
TONS BURNED
TONS BURNED
fDNS BURNED
TOMS BURNED
TONS BURNED
TONS BURNED
TON* BURNED
TONS 8URNFO
TONS DRY SLUDGE
TONS. BURNED
1000 GALLONS
1000 GALUONS
MILLION CUBIC FEET
1000 GALLONS
MILLION CUBIC FEFT
1000 GALLONS
TONS
TONS BUdNEO
TONS BUBMEO
TONS BURNED
TONS BUSNFD
TONS BURNED
TPMS OF WASTE
, TONS BURNED
TONS BU&NED
TONS BURNED
CUBIC YtROS OF PILE
AUTOS BURNED
AUTOS BURNED
CARS BURNED
TONS OKI SLUDGE
TONS BURNED
1000 GALLONS
1000 GALLONS
MILLION CUBIC FEET
MILLION CUBIC FEET
1000 GALLONS
MILLION CUBIC FEET
1000 GALLONS
TONS
MISCELLANEOUS
-FEDRL NONEMIfTERS
OTHER/NOT CLASIFD
6-01-999-9B
4-01-999-99
SPECIFY IN REMARK
SPECIFY IN REMARK
INSTALLATIONS I EACH I
AREA/ACRES
C-22
EMISSION FACTORS
1/75
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing!
1. REPORT NO. 2. 3. RECK
AP-42
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 6. REPO
Supplement No. 4 for Compilation of Air Pollutant Jan
Emission Factors Second Edition e. PERF
7. AUTHOR(S) • 8. PERF
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PRO
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 11, CON
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYP
Sup
14. SPO
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report is a supplement for Compilation of Air Pollutant
It contains revised and updated emission factors for various
combustion engine sources and for miscellaneous sources.
JIENT'S ACCESSIOI*NO.
RT DATE
uary 1 975
ORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
ORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GRAM ELEMENT NO.
TRACT/GRANT NO.
E OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVEREDI
plement
NSORING AGENCY CODE
Emission Factors, AP-42 «
categories orMTnternal
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDE
Emissions
Emission Factors
Air Pollutants
Processes
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS (Thill
Release Unlimited Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This f
Unclassified
D TERMS c. COSATI )• ield/Group
Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES r
65
tags) 22. PRICE ~*~
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73) p_"|
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975 - 640-881i'660 - Region 4
------- |