-------
myriad of potential treatment process trains. Instead, an over-
view of important considerations is presented based upon infor-
mation provided throughout this manual.
In general, when both inorganic and organic contaminants
are present, the inorganics generally should be removed first to
minimize effects on subsequent processes. Examples of such
effects include metal toxicity to biological processes and cor-
rosion, scaling, and inerts accumulation during carbon regenera-
tion. Information on metals toxicity to biological processes is
included in Appendix E and in a report by Pajak, e t al. (10).
The processes most suitable for inorganics removal are dis-
cussed in Section 6.6.2 and are illustrated in Figures 6-5, 6-6,
6-7, and 6-8. These processes include chemical precipitation,
chemical oxidation and reduction, neutralization, filtration,
and sedimentation. In addition to providing inorganics removal,
chemical precipitation and oxidation processes also could effect
some pretreatment of organic compounds. This is especially true
for chemical oxidation with ozone or hydrogen peroxide and is a
factor which must be considered when chemical dosage require-
ments are determined. Handling of residues generated by these
processes is discussed in Sections 5.4 and 6.6.2.
The two leading processes for treating organics are biolog-
ical treatment and activated carbon adsorption. Whether these
processes should be used separately or in combination depends
upon leachate characteristics. If the organics consist solely
of biodegradable compounds, then biological treatment alone
would suffice; although a subsequent solids removal polishing
step could be necessary in some situations.
A leachate containing degradable organics only is not
expected to occur frequently; consequently, the two processes
most frequently will be used in series. They may be arranged
with the biological process preceding granular activated carbon
(GAC) to remove degradable organics and reduce the organic load
to the GAC process which then is used for refractory organics
removal and polishing. To avoid GAC column plugging a sedimen-
tation or filtration step should be located between the biolog-
ical process and GAC. This treatment sequence could be applied
when organics content is high and refractory but not when toxic
organics are present.
A second arrangement would be to have GAC preceding biolog-
ical treatment. This sequence would be used when toxic organics
would interfere with the biological process. The GAC could be
operated to leak the maximum concentration of organics that the
biological system could tolerate and still meet performance
requirements. This results in a longer sorption cycle for the
carbon.
6-41
-------
Approaches to treatment of the organic component of leach-
ates have been discussed in Section 6.6.1 and process train
schematics given in Figures 6-2, 6-3, and 6-4. One additional
process train which merits consideration is shown schematically
in Figure 6-9. This biophysical treatment approach combines
simultaneous biological (activated sludge) and powdered acti-
vated carbon treatments in the biological process reactor. This
approach is simpler than the previously described sequential
carbon-biological treatments and has the potential of achieving
comparable effluent quality. Potential advantages include the
use of less costly carbon (powdered vs. granular) and minimiza-
tion of physical facilities required. Spent carbon-biological
sludge can be regenerated or dewatered and disposed directly.
However, if the latter approach is considered, it is necessary
to include cost for disposal of toxics-laden carbon when making
economic comparisons.
Most of the considerations necessary for development of a
process train for treatment of leachates containing both organic
and inorganic contaminants have been previously discussed in
Sections 6.6.2 and 6.6.3. The components discussed in these
previous sections must be assembled in a manner so as to opti-
mize the treatment process train for the leachate at hand.
Probably the most important aspect is proper sequencing of unit
processes to achieve an optimum result for a given situation.
Careful attention should be paid to proper interfacing of com-
ponents discussed in Sections 6.6.2 and 6.6.3 (e.g., pH control
may be necessary from one treatment component to the next).
With these cautions in mind, the reader is referred to these
earlier sections to derive a basis for formulating conceptual
process trains for mixed (organic and inorganic) component
leachates.
6.7. REFERENCES
1. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water Quality
Criteria Documents Availability. Federal Register,45
(231): 79318-79379. U. S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. November 28, 1980.
2. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed Ground
Water Protection Strategy. U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. November 18, 1980.
3. McDougall, W. J., S. D. CifrulaX," R. A. Fusco, and R. P.
O'Brien. Treatment of Chemical Leachate at the Love Canal
Landfill Site. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Mid-Atlantic
Industrial Waste Conference, Bucknell University, Lewis-
burg, Pennsylvania, 1980. pp 69-75.
6-42
-------
4. McDougall, W. J., R. A. Fusco, and R. ?. O'Brien. Con-
tainment and Treatment of the Love Canal Landfill Leachate.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 52(12):
2914-2924, 1980.
5. Barth, E. F. and J. M. Cohen. Evaluation of Treatability
of Industrial Landfill Leachate. Unpublished Report. U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Novem-
ber 30, 1978.
6. Pajak, A. P., A. J. Shuckrow, J. W. Osheka, and S. C.
James. Concentration of Hazardous Constituents of Contami-
nated Groundwater. Proceedings of the Twelfth Mid-Atlantic
Industrial Waste Conference, Bucknell University, Lewis-
burg, Pennsylvania. July, 1980. pp 82-87'.
7. Shuckrow, A. J., A. P. Pajak, and J. W. Osheka. Concen-
tration Technologies for Hazardous Aqueous Waste Treatment.
EPA-600/2-81-019, CJ. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio. February, 1981.
8. Pajak, A. P., A. J. Shuckrow, J. W. Osheka, and S. C.
James. Assessment of Technologies for Contaminated Ground-
water Treatment. Proceedings of the Industrial Waste
Symposia/ 53rd. Annual WPCF Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.
September, 1980.
9. Shuckrow, A. J., A. P. Pajak, J.W. Osheka, and S. C. James.
Bench Scale Assessment of Technologies for Contaminated
Groundwater Treatment. Proceedings of National Conference
on Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites,
Washington, D.C. October, 1980. pp 184-191.
10. Pajak, A. P., E. J. Martin, G. A. Brinsko, and F. J. Erny.
Effect of Hazardous Material Spills on Biological Treatment
Process. EPA-600/2-77-239, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1977. 202 pp.
6-44
-------
« 2
CB Ja
$
o
a
waste sludge
z
r^ "i H 1
en
OJ
u
o
u
a
(TJ
o
•*4
W
a
o
o
o
0)
l I
3
cn
6-43
-------
7) Establish leachate treatment process operating ranges,
8) Monitor leachate treatment process effectiveness,
9) Monitor leachate containment effectiveness,
10) Assure safety in leachate handling and processing
operations, and
11) Determine conformance to or accuracy of a leachate
forecasting procedure.
The above items are not of equal concern in the current context.
Moreover, some encompass aspects of disposal site management
which are broader than leachate management alone. The relative
importance and potential usefulness of these objectives from a
leachate management viewpoint are discussed subsequently in this
section.
Monitoring can be carried out at several locations in the "»
leachate management system:
1) Wastes received for disposal,
2) In-situ monitoring for off-gas generation and leachate
formation,
3) Collected leachate,
4) Leachate treatment system,
5) Treatment system effluent and residues, and
6) Areas of potential safety hazards.
Reasons for monitoring at the locations noted above, and the
types of information needed are described later in this section.
Monitoring data are expected to be used for a variety of
purposes. Data obtained on incoming wastes will permit hazard-
ous waste disposal site operators to decide whether or not to
accept the wastes. It also will provide an inventory of mate-
rials. Given such an inventory, the site operator can have a
basis for predicting the range..of.compounds likely to be en-
countered in resultant leachate. Concentrations of certain con-
taminants in the leachate might be able to be estimated based
upon the amount and type of materials disposed. This aspect is
important at new sites prior to the time of leachate generation.
Moreover, such information can provide a basis for initial
selection of parameters to be measured in subsequent leachate
characterization efforts.
7-2
-------
SECTION 7
MONITORING
7.1 GENERAL DISCUSSION
This section is intended to point out considerations which
are important in the design of a monitoring program to support
hazardous waste leachate management efforts. It is not intended
to be a rigorous exposition of how monitoring should be accom-
plished nor does it 'address aspects of monitoring which are not
directly related to leachate management. Numerous analytical
standards and texts which detail many of the specific aspects
are available to guide development procedures. Moreover, the
user should recognize that leachate monitoring, as discussed
herein, probably will be carried out as one element in an over-
all disposal site monitoring program which will encompass addi-
tional considerations and objectives.
Leachate monitoring is needed to characterize aqueous
wastes which result from disposal of hazardous materials at per-
mitted sites, to develop data necessary for design and operation
of leachate treatment facilities, to evaluate the effectiveness
of leachate treatment systems, to assure compliance with dis-
charge permits, and to assure personnel safety in leachate
handling and treatment operations.
A leachate monitoring program in the broadest sense could
encompass the following objectives:
1) Define materials placed within the disposal site,
2). Determine the types of compounds in the leachate and
. their concentration ranges,
3) Determine the variation of concentrations as a function
of time,
4) Determine the factors which influence movement and
concentrations,
5) Determine the rate and direction of migration,
6) Establish leachate treatment process alternatives,
7-1
-------
4) nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon;
5) toxic organic and inorganic substances;
6) refractory materials;
7) oil, grease, and immiscible liquids;
8) acids and alkalis;
9) substances resulting in atmospheric odors;
10) suspended solids; and
11) dissolved solids.
Monitoring for purposes of leachate characterization should
be sufficient to provide data adequate to facilitate decisions
on the best approaches to leachate treatment/disposal. Re-
quirements for monitoring of effluents from treatment operations
prior to discharge must be rigorous enough to permit assessment
of the quality of the discharge so as to assure a minimum of
environmental degradation and compliance with governmental reg-
ulations.
The selection of parameters for other monitoring objectives
need only be rigorous enough to assure that effluent quality can
be maintained within discharge permit specifications. It is in
this latter area that the opportunity exists to use relatively
inexpensive analyses, and indicator and surrogate parameters to
obtain quick and accurate information which can be used to con-
trol treatment processes and disposal site operations. For ex-
ample, TOC (total organic carbon) provides a rapid, relatively
inexpensive measure of gross organic content of an aqueous
stream. Such a measurement may be sufficient for many purposes
as opposed to more expensive organic compound identification
measures.
Parameters which should be considered for inclusion in haz-
ardous waste leachate monitoring program are as follows:
1. temperature;
2. electrical conductivity;
3.. turbidity;
4. settleable solids;
5. suspended solids;
6. total dissolved solids;
7-4
-------
In-situ monitoring data can be used to determine how the
leachate is formed and how it moves through the disposal site.
Furthermore, it may be possible to use in-sJLtu data to char-
acterize the types and concentrations of compounds in the
leachate collection system. Monitoring collected leachate is
one of the most important aspects of leachate monitoring. The
information gained provides a baseline for treatment system in-
fluent characterization; thus facilitating decisions regarding
treatability (or necessary treatability studies) and optimum
treatment/disposal operating ranges.
Other important monitoring data obtained will be that from
treatment process operations. Such data are necessary to assure
proper functioning of treatment system components, to establish
treatment system effectiveness, and to assure compliance with
discharge permit requirements.
Manual users are reminded that the discussion of monitoring
herein emphasizes leachate. While other aspects are important
in overall disposal site management, e.g. monitoring of the
surrounding environs, other technical resource documents are
expected to deal with these topics in greater detail.
7.2 MONITORING PROGRAM DESIGN
To a large extent, design of a leachate monitoring program
will be highly site specific. However, there are certain gen-
eral elements which will be common to all monitoring programs.
The following discussion addresses these general considerations.
Although it is recognized that monitoring of some gaseous and
solid materials may be involved in the program, the primary
focus herein is on liquid streams.
7.2.1 Parameters To Be Measured
Selection of parameters to be measured is the initial step
in development of a monitoring program. Analytical costs can be
significant. Therefore, a major objective should be to minimize
the number and types of analysis performed while still gener-
ating data sufficient to satisfy the objectives of the moni-
toring program.
Substances of potential concern in hazardous waste leachate
include:
1) soluble, oxygen demanding organics;
2) soluble substances that cause tastes and odors in water
supplies;
j3) color and turbidity;
7-3
-------
7.2.2 Analytical Considerations
Good analytical procedures are vital to an effective raon-
itaring program. Basic references for wastewater analytical
procedures are contained in the EPA Methods for Analysis of
Water and Wastes (3), Standard Methods (4), ASTM Standards (5),
the EPA Handbook for Analytical Quality Control (6) and other
EPA guidance documents (7, 8, 9). The reader is referred to
these basic reference works for details since a thorough dis-
cussion of analytical procedures is beyond the scope of this
document.
Often, there is a choice among several standard methods for
measurement of a particular parameter. Among the factors to be
considered in selection of an analytical method are:
• sensitivity, precision and accuracy required;
• interferences;
• number of samples to be analyzed;
• quantity of sample available;
• other determinations to be made on the sample;
• analytical turn-around time; and
• analytical costs.
Since leachate is a complex system of variable composition,
there is high potential for numerous interferences in many of
the chemical and biological determinations. This aspect should
be given particular attention when selecting an analytical
method.
7.2.3 Sampling
Proper sampling is critical to any monitoring program since
the validity of analytical results relies upon the validity of
the samples analyzed. In order to assure valid samples, atten-
tion must be paid to obtaining samples which are truly repre-
sentative of the waste stream. Moreover, proper sampling tech-
niques must be employed. Finally, the integrity of the sample
must be maintained from the time' of sampling to the time of
testing. This time interval should be kept to a minimum; even
then certain types of samples must be preserved through addition
of chemical agents or refrigeration.
Methods and equipment used for sampling will vary with the
waste stream and the sampling purpose. The reader is referred
to the following sources for sampling protocols: Samplers and
7-6
-------
7. volatile solids;
8. oils, greases and immiscible liquids;
9. odor;
10. pH;
11. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP);
12. acidity;
13. alkalinity;
14. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD);
15. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD);
16. Total Organic Carbon (TOO?
17. specific organic compounds;
18. heavy metals;
19. other specific inorganic compounds;
20. nitrogen and phosphorus compounds;
21. dissolved oxygen;
22. volatile organic acids;
23. flow; and
24. toxicity.
Selection of a. particular parameter set will be dependent upon
monitoring objectives as well as upon factors specific to a
given site and leachate management program. Different parameter
sets might be chosen to support leachate characterization ef-
forts than for purposes of treatment process operation or for
effluent discharge monitoring. As an example, TOC measurements
may be more reasonable than BOD measurements for hazardous waste
leachate characterization and process control purposes since the
TOC measurement is rapid and the leachate may be toxic to the
organisms necessary to conduct of the BOD test. On the other
hand, the BOD teat would provide more information on the biode-
gradability of the leachate. Thus, parameters must be chosen
judiciously for the specific purpose and situation.
I i
I
Additional information on monitoring parameters can be
found in tests and handbooks (1, 2).
7-5
-------
tity and location of each hazardous waste placed in the disposal
site.
Prom a leachate management point of view, this type of data
may be useful in predicting future leachate composition at new
sites. However, it may be several years before a leachate is
collected. Therefore records maintenance is important.
Formalized procedures should be used to file manifests and
analytical results. It may be useful to keep running inven-
tories according to specific compound types, and total quanti-
ties disposed for each. In this way, predictions of leachate
generation would be facilitated.
7.3.2 In-aitu Monitoring
There are a number of questions which can be answered using
in-situ monitoring: 1) what mechanisms are involved in waste
modification as the leachate migrates through the disposal site
and previously disposed materials; 2) at what rate and in which
direction does the leachate move; 3) how do compounds and their
concentrations vary with depth and time; 4) are any off-gases
evolved; and 5) what factors influence movement and concentra-
tions?
In-situ monitoring could be incorporated within the leach-
ate collection system. Sampling points should be designed to
provide a representative picture of waste movement and degrada-
tion throughout the site. If the site is compartmentalized,
then the monitoring should be representative for each cell or
separate disposal area.
Emrich and Beck (12) have discussed methods used to eval-
uate closure and monitoring plans for a hazardous waste disposal
site. Some of these methods may be useful in conjunction with
in-situ monitoring. Suction lysimeters and pan lysimeters were
use3 to" determine moisture movement. With some modification,
these methods might be adaptable to in-situ monitoring.
7.3.3 Collected Leachate
The leachate collection system will be a key monitoring
location. Because leachate composition is expected to vary with
time in terms of types and concentration of compounds, analyses
of collected leachate will serve to define .the unit operations
used for treatment and their operating ranges. Hence, collected
leachate characterizations are expected to be useful in making
treatability assessments of process alternatives and in defining
specific unit operations and their operating ranges.
.Collected leachate characterizations also provide a base-
line for evaluating treatment effectiveness. Coupled with
7-3
-------
Sampling Procedures for Hazardous Waste Streams (10) and Test
Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical
Methods (11). Other sources (4,5) also provide useful infor-
mation on sampling. Ideally, leachate samples should be ana-
lyzed immediately after collection for maximum reliability of
the analytical results. Leachates are such complex mixtures
that it is difficult to predict precisely the physical, biolog-
ical, and chemical changes that occur in the samples with time.
After sample collection, pH may change significantly in a matter
of minutes, sulfides and cyanides may be oxidized or evolve as
gases; and hexavalent chromium may slowly be reduced to the
trivalent state. Certain cations may be partly lost as a result
of adsorption to the walls of sample containers. Microorganism
growth also may cause changes, and volatile compounds may be
lost rapidly.
In many cases, the undesirable changes described above may
be minimized by refrigeration of samples at 4 ° C, or by the
addition of preservatives. Refrigeration may deter the evolu-
tion of volatile components and acid gases such as hydrogen
sulfide and hydrogen cyanide, but some salts precipitated at the
lower temperature may not redissolve when warmed for analysis,
thus causing error in determining the actual concentrations of
dissolved sample constituents. Preservatives may retard bio-
chemical changes; other additives may convert some constituents
to stable hydroxides, salts, or compounds. Compounds may be
converted to other forms (such as the products of nitration,
sulfonation, and oxidation of organic components). Upon sub-
sequent analyses, the results may not reflect the original
identity of the components.
Thus, both advantages and disadvantages are associated with
the refrigeration and/or addition of preservatives or additives
to waste samples. Various methods of preservation for specific
tests on selected constituents are given elsewhere (4,10). When
more than one specific test is to be run on a sample, it may be
necessary to divide the sample and preserve each subsample by a
different method.
Adequate record keeping and use of proper sample containers
also are important aspects of a good sampling program. As a
general rule, a detailed sampling plan should be developed prior
to any sampling operations.
7.3 LEACHATE CHARACTERIZATION
7.3.1 Wastes Received
RCRA regulations require an owner/operator to obtain a de-
tailed chemical and physical analysis of a representative sample
of a waste before placement into a disposal site. Moreover, the
facility operator is required to maintain a record of the quan-
7-7
-------
offer potential for evaluating residual toxicity subsequent to
individual treatment operations. Although such procedures do
not measure specific parameters ^r surrogates directly, judg-
ments can be made regarding tre .nent capabilities by inference.
Thus, indicators and surrogate parameters permit cost-ef-
fective process control. However, more costly analysis using
rigorous and sophisticated analytical methods will be required
periodically for process refinement, and for detailed assessment
of overall treatment effectiveness. The rigorous analytical
techniques could include gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS), atomic absorption (AA), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), or
other refined methods.
The frequency of the more sophisticated analytical methods
will be dependent upon the types and concentrations of compounds
in the leachate, their amenability to removal, mode of dis-
charge, flow rates, and concentration and flow variability.
Coats also will be an important determinant. Rigorous analyses
also should be used to monitor any significant changes either in
unit operations employed or for changes in operating procedures.
Once equilibrium operation is achieved, it may be appropriate to
schedule rigorous analysis at regular intervals.
7.4.3 Data Analysis
Detailed performance records should be maintained for unit
and overall treatment operations. A thoughtful protocol should
be developed in advance of treatment plant start-up. Where nec-
essary, sufficient data should be obtained to define key process
control parameters. In some cases, statistical correlations
could be used to insure that process interactions are appro-
priate. For example, it might be possible to identify TOC
levels which are required for downstream operations to function
optimally.
7.4.4 Process Optimization
Because leachate is characterized by expected variability
in flow, types of compounds, and concentrations, process optim-
ization .is envisioned as an ongoing task. Detailed analysis
using sophisticated measurement techniques will be used for this
purpose. As mentioned earlier, process refinement is one of the
principal functions of detailed analyses. Attempts should be
made to verify the correlation of surrogate parameters with de-
tailed actual parameter measurements. In this way, process op-
timization need not wait until detailed analyses are made.
7.4.5 Safety Considerations
Site operators must be aware that the function of many
treatment unit operations is to concentrate hazardous leachate
7-10
-------
effluent analyses, this would provide an assessment of removal
efficiencies for individual unit operations as well as the over-
all treatment chain.
7.4 TREATMENT EFFLUENT MONITORING
7.4.1 Sampling Locations
Sampling and analysis of collected leachate serves as the
measure of leachate treatment plant influent. Where there are
several monitoring points in the leachate collection system be-
cause of the size of the disposal site, or because of compart-
mentalization, the point closest to the treatment plant should
be used. In this way, aggregated flow and composition will be
most representative of the influent baseline.
Previous sections have noted that leachate probably is not
amenable to treatment by a single unit process. Instead, treat-
ment probably will include several unit operations. Individual
unit operations should be monitored separately to facilitate
optimized operation. For example, granular activated carbon
adsorption may be used prior to biological treatment in order to
remove toxic constituents which could impair biological treat-
ment effectiveness. Hence, it would be necessary to monitor
carbon-treated effluent to prevent biological upset. Therefore,
monitoring at each major point in the treatment, chain is
strongly suggested. Moreover, the analytical techniques selec-
ted for such monitoring should have rapid turn-around times to
enable timely process control decisions.
7.4.2 Parameters
Experience shows that it is infeasible to analyze all pa-
rameters of concern at frequent intervals. Rigorous analysis of
complex organic and inorganic constituents simply is too costly
to sustain at frequent intervals. As a result, an attempt
should be made to identify surrogate measurements or indicator
parameters which can be used inexpensively to gage treatment
effectiveness. For organic constituents, such a surrogate pa-
rameter could be total organic carbon (TOC). Another less well
developed method could be thin layer chromatography (TLC). Sim-
ilarly, for inorganic constituents selected indicator metals
could be analyzed using common spectrophotometrie techniques.
It is recommended that such surrogates or indicators be
identified using inventory information to predict likely com-
pounds which are expected to appear in the collected leachate.
Further refinements potentially could be made in conjunction
with treatability studies if they are anticipated.
It also may be possible to use biological toxicity tests to
determine process effectiveness. Procedures are evolving which
7-9
-------
10. deVera, E.R., B.P. Simmons, RvD. Stephens, and D.L. Storm.
Samplers and Sampling Procedures For Hazardous Waste
Streams. EPA-600/2-80-018, U.S. Env.ronmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1980.
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Test Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste,
Physical/Chemical Methods. SW-846. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
12. Emrich, G.H. and W.W. Beck, Jr. Top-Sealing to Minimize
Leachate Generation Case Study of the Windham, Connecticut
Landfill. In: Proceedings of U.S. EPA National Conference
on Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites,
Washington, DC, October 1980. pp. 135-140.
7-12
-------
constituents. Therefore, detailed safety considerations are
essential. Moreover, in-plant monitoring should be provided to
discover the existence or evolution of hazardous materials. For
example, it is possible that volatile organics will be stripped
from biological treatment systems, or that gassing can occur"
within granular carbon columns. Hence, in-plant monitoring sys-
tems should be installed, and employees thoroughly trained for
emergencies. These plans should be in-place well before initi-
ation of treatment operations.
7.5 REFERENCES
1. Sawyer, C.N. and P.L. McCarty. Chemistry For Sanitary
Engineers. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York, New York, 1967.
518 pp.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook for
Monitoring Industrial Wastewater. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Technology Transfer, Nashville,
Tennessee, 1973.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for Analysis
of Water and Wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1979.
4. American Public Health Association, American Water Works
Association and Water Pollution Control Federation.
Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 15th Edition. Washington, DC. 1193 pp.
5. American Society For Testing and Materials. 1980 Annual
Book Of ASTM Standards, Part 31, Water. Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 1980. 1401 pp.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook ~or
Analytical Quality Control In Water and Wastewater
Laboratories. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1972.
7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Hazardous Waste and
Consolidated Permit Regulations, Federal Register, Volume
45, No. 98, May 19, 1980.
8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines
Division. Sampling and Analysis Procedures For Screening
of Industrial Effluents For Priority Pollutants. U.S.
Environmental"Protection Agency, Washington, DC, March
1977, revised April 1977.
9. Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures For the Analysis of
Pollutants: Proposed Regulations. Federal Register,
Volume 44, No. 233, pp. 69464-69575. December 3, 1979.
7-11
-------
SECTION 8
OTHER IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
9.1 SAFETY
Hazardous waste leachate management operations will vary
widely in complexity. Moreover, the compounds and associated
hazards will differ from site to site. The following discussion
outlines safety considerations which apply to the general case.
The purpose is to provide guidance -.0 the leachate manager in
development of a safety program for a particular site.
8.1.1 Degree of Risk
Safety considerations will vary dependent upon the degree
of risk involved for plant personnel. Handling of hazardous
materials is inherently dangerous; however, some areas and
functions may constitute a higher degree of risk than others.
For example, sampling in an area where volatile organics may be
evolved is more dangerous than working in a treatment plant
control room. Similarly, handling residues may be more danger-
ous than handling raw leachate, simply because the hazardous
materials are more concentrated in the residues.
Therefore, it is necessary to identify safety procedures
and protective measures commensurate with the risk involved.
Prior to facility start-up, a thoughtful assessment of risks
should be made for each work area and job function. Because it
would be confusing and burdensome for workers to adjust for each
and every work situation, safety procedures should be devised
for general levels of risk. A major chemical manufacturer uses
a classification system to categorize risk levels. This system
is described by Morton (1).
Procedures should be established for reviewing and reclas-
sifying degrees of risk based upon plant experience, and infor-
mation secured through the literature.
8.1.2 Restricted Entry
The entire disposal site area should be fenced and posted.
Entry should be granted only to authorized personnel. Security
patrols could be used at night to prevent intruders from gaining
access and to check all work stations at regular intervals.
8-1
-------
Arrangements should be made between plant security and local
police and fire departments to provide rapid backup in the event
of emergencies.
Within the restricted plant area, entry to dangerous areas
should be limited to those personnel directly related to spe-
cific operations. For example, office workers need not be
granted entry into processing areas.
Specified clean areas could be provided within the plant
and safeguards taken to insure that the clean areas remain un-
contaminated. Generally, clean areas will include office and
administrative areas, lunchrooms, lounges, and restrooms for
non-operating personnel. Access to the clean areas should be
through a changeroom. Moreover, operating employees should be
encouraged to shower before leaving plant premises.
8.1.3 Safety Rules
It is important that safety rules be communicated to all
employees, and adherence to these rules be strictly enforced.
Morton (1) has presented a comprehensive list of general plant
safety rules which is directly applicable to hazardous waste
management facilities.
All employees should be trained in safety with more de-
tailed instruction given to those in processing operations.
Safety meetings at regular intervals are recommended. These
meetings should be designed for small groups and emphasize spe-
cific operating problems.
Certain plants which handle hazardous materials have min-
imum age limitations for employees. In some cases, individuals
younger than 18 years old are not permitted on the site.
Some plants do not allow employees to work alone in
processing areas. Backup personnel should be available at all
times for emergency evacuation of work stations.
Two key rules applied at hazardous waste management facil-
ities are: 1) all employees must remove protective clothing and
wash thoroughly before breaks and lunch, and 2) illness must be
communicated to supervision immediately, even after normal work-
ing hours. ......--
8.1.4 Supervision
Effective supervision is crucial to worker safety. Super-
visors must be firm! and consistent! in their enforcement of safe-
ty procedures. No workers should be without supervision for
more than two hours. Management should hold plant supervisors
8-2
-------
accountable for plant safety and security. Furthermore, super-
visors should be well trained for all contingencies.
8.1.5 Inspections
Designated personnel should conduct safety inspections at
regular intervals. Formalized checklists should be used, and
fixed procedures should be in place to rectify deficiencies
within 24 hours. In the event a deficiency poses an imminent
danger, work functions in the area should be terminated and the
area cordoned off until the deficiency is corrected.
8.1.6 First Aid and Medical Assistance
Employees who work in processing areas should have a base-
line medical examination upon hiring, and should have periodic
examinations at regularly scheduled intervals. Workers at pes-
ticide handling facilities often have a cholinesterase baseline
level established in conjunction with their initial examination.
Selected plant personnel should be trained in first aid
procedures related to the types of risks to which the employees
are exposed. First aid treatment should be available at all
times.
Medical assistance also should be available both on an
emergency basis and for chronic problems. Medical personnel
should be contacted in advance of problems to be informed about
the types of materials to which employees may be exposed. More-
over/ they should be given information on the behavior and
nature of materials. Emergency plans should be worked out in
detail prior to plant startup, if possible.
8.1.7 Protective Equipment
Processing and laboratory areas should be equipped with
emergency showers and eyewashers. These should be tied to an
alarm system so that co-workers can come to the aid of poten-
tially contaminated workers. Face-shields, safety shoes, safety
glasses, gloves, aprons, coveralls, hard hats, and shoe covers
should be provided to workers whose jobs require varying degrees
of protection.
Full suit protection should be provided for particularly
hazardous tasks, .and for emergency evacuation operations. Res-
piratory protective devices usually are used in conjunction with
situations requiring full suit protection. There are three
basic types of respiratory protective devices: 1) air-purifying
respirators, 2) supplied-air respirators, and 3) self-contained
breathing apparatus. The type used is dependent upon the degree
of hazard involved.
8-3
-------
Acid suits consisting of a rubber coat, rubber pants, acid
gloves, rubber boots up under the pants, and a rubber acid hood
should be available in the event of line breaks or leaks under
pressure. Similarly, such equipment may be used for repair
operations.
All protective clothing and equipment must remain on-site.
It should be decontaminated before reuse. Reusable clothing is
more durable and is preferred. Appropriate washing procedures
should be used to insure complete decontamination.
Protective equipment should be accessible in all work
areas where contamination may be encountered so as to permit
safe exit in an emergency.
8.1.8 Ventilation
Adequate ventilation of work spaces is required to prevent
harmful exposure to toxic materials. Morton (1) stated that ex-
posures are related to threshold limit values (TLV) based upon a
time-weighed concentration for a normal workday. The TLV is the
level at which workers can be exposed daily without harmful ef-
fect. Furthermore, a "ceiling" value is established which
should not be exceeded under any circumstances. Although expo-
sures above the TLV up to the ceiling value are undesirable,
they can be permitted as long as an overall time-weighed average
(usually for an eight-hour day) is not exceeded.
Ventilating system design should account for work areas
where there might be accumulation of volatile organics or haz-
ardous dust. Air exchange rates will be based upon industrial
hygiene ventilation parameters.
Monitoring to assure that there is satisfactory ventila-
tion can be performed using a number of sampling instruments.
Weiby and Dickinson (2) described the major factors in specify-
ing instruments for monitoring work areas as instrument speci-
ficity, operational range, accuracy, response time, and special
features. In a companion article, Herrick (3) discussed the
following topics: portable instruments, electrolytic cell detec-
tors, flame ionization detectors, catalytic cell detectors, and
signaling alarms. The reader is encouraged to consult these
references for detailed consideration of" work area monitoring.
Because toxic fumes may be evolved in some sample handling
and analytical procedures, hoods should be provided in labora-
tory areas. In certain cases, air cleaning equipment may be
necessary for air exhausted from the hood.
8-4
-------
8.1.9 Housekeeping , *
Good housekeeping is an adjunct to any safety program.
For the leachate treatment facility, it is especially important
to keep work areas clean and free from obstructions. Spills
should be cleaned up immediately, and resultant residues dis-
posed safely. Exposed areas and walkways should be kept ice-
free to reduce possibilities for falls.
8.2 CONTINGENCY PLANS/EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
Much of the following discussion is not limited to
leachate management alone but applies to hazardous waste manage-
ment operations in general. The intent of the discussion 'is to
provide the leachate manager with information sufficient to
enable development of contingency/emergency plans tailored to a
given site operation. Part VII of the Hazardous Waste and Con-
solidated Permit Regulations also contains useful guidance in-
formation on contingency/emergency plans.
8.2.1 Emergency Situations
8.2.1.1 Natural Disasters—
Development of contingency plans for natural disasters is
substantially different than for accidents. Accidents require
action to address an incident which already has occurred, where-
as planning for natural disasters usually is designed to prevent
problems. Developments in predictive meteorology and hydrology
permit advanced warning of hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods.
However, sometimes the warning period is limited. On the other
hand/ earthquake planning involves other kinds of considera-
tions.
The thrust of contingency planning for natural disasters
is to shut down plant operations, prevent escape of contamina-
tion to the environment, and safeguard plant equipment. Pre-
ventive measures can be designed into the plant. For example,
berms and dikes can be built to prevent inundation of water from
flooding. Moreover, these measures can be designed to mitigate
events based upon historical data, e.g., 100-year floods. Sim-
ilarly, structures can be designed to mitigate damage from
earthquakes. State of California building codes have been de-
vised to guide those who build in high risk areas.
Plan development should include natural disaster consider-
ations for areas known to be subject to possible problems. Site
operators should devise procedures for determining when such
risks exist by designating specific responsibilities for com-
munication with the National Weather Service, the U. S. Geolog-
ical Survey, or other agencies having early warning systems.
8-5
-------
Furthermore, clear decision responsibility for determining when
to shut down and take protective measures should be in place.
In the event that preventive measures are unable to handle
the event because of its magnitude, i.e., a tornado "direct hit"
or a flood beyond design criteria, emergency actions similar to
those formulated for accidents should be planned for.
8.2.1.2 Accidents—
Accidents include fires, explosions, leaks, and spills.
Although bomb threats can be handled by shutdown and subsequent
searches, actual sabotage will have to be dealt with in the same
manner as accidents.
Because of the dangers inherent in fires and explosions, a
separate subsection of this manual will be devoted to fire pro-
tection. Spills and leaks will be discussed within the context
of contingency planning.
8.2.2 IPlan Development
8.2.2.1 Organizational Responsibilities—
The most important aspect of an effective contingency plan
is clear definition of responsibilities for execution. Plant
management must be fully involved, and it is highly desirable to
have a company officer be responsible for insuring plan execu-
tion. The chain of command should be specified in advance,
along with delegation of authority and backups where needed. A
job description for each responsible party should be incorpor-
ated in the plan.
8.2.2.2 Plan Components—
In addition to in-house contingency plans, it is expected
that hazardous waste disposal sites will be required to file a
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) with
their state water pollution control agency. Components of a
typical plan include:
• responsible officials names, addresses, telephone num-
bers 7
• facility location and site map;
• potential spill dangers, pathways, remedial measures;
• past spill frequency;
• sources of assistance (e.g. emergency fire, cleanup con-
tractors) ;
3-6
-------
• legally required reporting requirements (names, tele-
phone numbers);
• schedule for installing mitigating devices;
• materials inventory; and
• inspection procedures.
Further descriptions of contingency plan components follow.
8.2.2.2.1 Implementation Manual—Because rapid action and thor-
oughness is essential in emergencies/ a detailed implementation
manual should be prepared to cover all expected contingencies.
However, it must contain some degree of flexibility because the
unexpected will normally occur. Steps for response should be
written down and understood by all who are expected to partic-
ipate. Not only should all the components of the plan be
listed, but also the sequence of actions to be executed. The
information which follows generally is arranged in the order of ""
execution. Furthermore, once the manual is prepared/ it should
be reviewed and updated at regular intervals.
8.2.2.2.2 Alarm Systems—The first step in plan execution is a"n
alarm system to indicate that an emergency has occurred. The
primary purpose of the alarm system is to enable rapid evacu-
ation of affected areas. A secondary but equally important pur-
pose is to initiate the emergency response plan.
8.2.2.2.3 Communications Network—When an alarm signals an
emergency condition,on-site personnel should begin response
actions, and all appropriate contacts for assistance made. The
responsible company official should be notified first. It is
suggested that a telephone "tree" be activated so that all en-
tities and agencies be notified as quickly as possible. The
priority of notification will be dependent upon the nature of
the emergency. For example, if a fire or explosion is involved,
the local fire department and medical assistance teams should be
called first. A log of telephone calls made and actions taken
should be maintained. This log should be signed and witnessed.
The contact list should be part of the manual and should
include: plant management and supervision; fire, medical, and
police personnel; local, state, and federal governments; and
surrounding population if evacuation is- envisioned. Manuals
should specify the person to be called and their telephone num-
bers. Alternate names and numbers should be provided in the
event the primary contact cannot be reached.
8.2.2.2.4 Execution Checklist—During the period when plant
management is on the way to the scene, fire and medical assis-
tance is enroute, and contacts are being made, on-scene person-
8-7
-------
nel should be executing the contingency plan using a prepared
checklist of actions. The checklist is part of the emergency
implementation manual discussed above.
8.2.2.2.5 Personal Injury—The first priority of the plan is to
attend to those injured in the incident. Next in priority is to
prevent further injuries from occurring. Injured persons should
be removed from contaminated areas and administered first aid
until medical assistance arrives.
8.2.2.2.6 Information Assistance—There are a number of excel-
lent information sources which can be used to assist in acci-
dents involving hazardous materials. The Chemical Transporta-
tion Emergency Center (CHEMTREC) can provide help in determining
the nature of hazards involved, and in providing expert assis-
tance on how to manage the situation. The CHEMTREC emergency
number is (800) 424-9300. It is operational 24 hours a day.
The National Poison Control Center (telephone (502) 589-8222) is
available to provide help where there is personnel exposure to
toxic materials.
EPA operates OHM-TADS (Oil and Hazardous Materials Tech-
nical Assistance Data System) which is a potential source of
useful information on the materials involved'. A similar system
of the U. S. Coast Guard is CHRIS (Chemical Hazard Response
Information System). It too can provide data on the materials
involved. Both of the systems can be accessed in emergencies
through the National Response Center, telephone (800) 424-8802.
The National Fire Protection Association handbook en-
titled, "Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials" is a
valuable resource to have on-site to guide fire protection ac-
tivities. "Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials" by N.
I. Sax (5th ed., 1979, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.) also is a very
valuable resource. Long a standard in the field of industrial
hygiene, this excellent book is extremely useful in dealing with
hazardous materials because it is a single, quick, up-to-date,
concise hazard analysis informative guide to nearly 13,000 com-
mon industrial and laboratory chemicals.
Most of the above information resources were devised for
response to transportation accidents where the compounds in-
volved are not known in advance. Because the,.hazardous waste
disposal site will have knowledge of what materials are ac-
cepted, and presumably an inventory of these materials, it
should be possible to utilize information sources in advance of
an emergency, and include response and toxicity data in the
implementation manual for each chemical handled. Every effort
should be made to do so.
8.2.2.2.7 Plant Shutdown—Early warning of possible natural
disasters (e.g., hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods), will dic-
8-8
-------
tate plant shutdown procedures. Time allowed for execution of
shutdown orders will be specified by emergency warning agencies.
For an accident situation, onl. certain portions of the
plant might be shut down if the emergency is contained within a
restricted area. The decision of whether to shut down, and how
much of the plant is affected is the responsibility of the plant
management in charge of plan execution.
8.2.2.2.8 Press and Media Contact JList—An emergency at a haz-
ardous disposal site is certain to generate public apprehension.
The plan should provide for press conferences and debriefings.
After the emergency is under control, a company official should
contact a list of news media personnel to provide a statement of
the nature of the emergency, the actions taken, and current
status. The purpose should be to give factual information so
that misinformation will not mislead concerned citizens in the
plant locale.
8.2.2.2.9 Incident Documentation—The incident should be docu-
mented fully for several purposes. Documentation will permit
post-facto review of whether the plan was executed as expected.
Also, it can be used to correct problems and thus avoid similar
future incidents. Finally, it can serve as a legal record of
what happened.
8.2.3 Fire Protection
8.2.3.1 In-Plant Measures—
8.2.3.1.1 Fire Extinguishers—Fire extinguishers should be
located at strategic points throughout the plant. Extinguishers
should be readily accessible, and plant personnel should be
trained in their use. The type of extinguisher used is depen-
dent upon the likely kinds of fires that may be encountered.
For example, dry chemical and carbon dioxide extinguishers usu-
ally are preferred in laboratory areas where water may react
with burning chemicals.
8.2.3.1.2 Sprinkler Systems—Sprinkler systems should be in-
stalled in compliance with local and state building and fire
protection codes. Testing of the sprinkler systems in conjunc-
tion with plant safety inspections is good practice. Just as
water extinguishers are inappropriate-for certain locations,
sprinklers may not be useful in certain plant work areas. Dis-
posal site operators should consult with loss and fire preven-
tion specialists regarding the best approach for their plant.
Often casualty insurance companies will provide expert assis-
tance to their clients as a service, and in order to assess
risks for premium determinations. Site operators should explore
using this resource.
8-9
-------
8.2.3.1.3 Use of Plant Security Personnel--Plant security per-
sonnel likely will be on the scene of a fire shortly after dis-
covery. They should be trained to deal with the fire on a
"first response" basis, and should be responsible for notifying
trained in-plant fire fighters and the local fire department.
8.2.3.2 Training—
8.2.3.2.1 Local Fire Department—Plant operating and management
personnel should meet with the local fire department to inform
them of the types of materials on site and to give them infor-
mation on the hazards which may be involved with such materials
in the event of fire (including an explosion). It would be a
good idea to have fire department officials visit the plant to
familiarize them with its layout, the location of high risks
areas, and to inspect fire protection capabilities on-site.
The local fire department could conduct training exercises
using some of the ac-tual materials which potentially could be
involved. Furthermore, selected plant personnel could partic-
ipate in these exercises preparatory to the formation of an
emergency squad composed of fire department personnel and a few
selected plant employees.
8.2.3.2.2 Emergency Squad—Based upon potential fire hazards
which are evident at the disposal site, it is good practice to
form an emergency squad trained for the specific purpose of
dealing with known and anticipated hazardous materials. Often
the emergency squad is comprised of a select crew from the local
fire department and several well-trained plant employees. The
reason for including plant employees is so they can begin emer-
gency operations immediately, prepare for the arrival of the
local fire department, and guide the fire fighting effort be-
cause of their intimate knowledge of the plant.
In addition to normal fire fighting, the emergency squad
is responsible for rescue operations, evacuation of injured or
threatened personnel, and escalation decisions in the event of
broad involvement in the disposal site. This group should re-
ceive specialized training in advance (e.g., use of self con-
tained breathing apparatus, boom deployment).
8.2.3.3 Hazards Identification—
The National Fire Protection Assocation (4) has devised a
system for identifying the inherent hazards of certain chemicals
and the order of severity of these hazards under emergency con-
ditions such as spills, leaks, and fires. A section of the NFPA
manual, "Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials", provides
hazardous chemicals data. There are four categories of data
provided: health, flammability, reactivity, and other unusual
conditions. For the first three categories, a numbering system
3-10
-------
has been devised to inform fire fighting personnel about protec-
ting themselves and how to fight fires where the hazard exists.
In the fourth category, special considerations are indicated.
For example, fire fighters are alarted to possible hazards where
there may be unusual reactivity with water and oxidizing chem-
icals are noted. It would be beneficial to identify the mate-
rials potentially involved in advance so that fire protection
measures can be incorporated within the contingency plan and the
implementations manual. Moreover, emergency squad training can
proceed using identified materials.
3.3 EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCIES/BACKUP
8.3.1 General Discussion
Because a leachate treatment, plant will use unit opera-
tions similar to those employed at municipal and industrial
wastewater treatment plants, certain reliability considerations
also are similar. EPA has issued minimum standards of reliabil-
ity for mechanical, electric, and fluid systems and components
which may be applicable for leachate treatment plants (5). Man-
ual users are referred to these criteria for details.
There is a question, however, of whether the need for
redundancy is as great for hazardous waste leachate treatment
systems as for municipal and industrial systems. In the latter
cases, it is difficult to shut-off or divert flow during emer-
gencies, shutdowns, or .apair. Frequently, considerable flows
are involved, and the option of storage is economically in-
feasible. On the other hand, leachate flows generally will be
low. As a result, storage possibly could be a cost-effective
substitute for certain redundant and backup systems. Therefore,
during leachate treatment plant design, costs of redundant and
backup systems should be balanced against costs for building
storage for raw leachate. Further considered in design should
be: estimated volume of incoming wastes, estimated flow of
leachate, projected time periods for outages or emergencies,
tankage costs, and redundant system costs.
In general, there are two locations at which storage might
be required: collected leachate, and treated leachate. Some
storage might be designed into the plant for purposes of equal-
izing flows in any case. Because concentrations of materials
will be different at each location,separate storage would be
required. , ..
Nevertheless, attention should be given to important
equipment considerations related to redundant and backup condi-
tions. Discussion on these items is found in the subsequent
subsection. !
8-11
-------
8.3.2 Equipment
8.3.2.1 Control Systens--
The plant control room should ha' a redundant emergency
alarms. Frequent practice is to couple display warning lights
with an annunciator sound alarm. All electrical controls should
have manual overrides. Electric failure backup systems will be
discussed separately.
8.3.2.2 Tanks and Containers—
Tanks should be fitted with gravity overflow piping in the
event that pumps fail to shut off. Tank areas should be on con-
crete pads, if possible, with curbs and walls sufficient in
height to contain leaks, spills, or tank failures. Addition-
ally, spare tanks should be used to empty the curbed area if
other storage is unavailable.
All containers in processing areas should have plugs in
place when not being used.
3.3.2.3 Pipes and Transfer Lines—
For pipes that convey hazardous materials, failsafe trans-
fer lines should be used. Such failsafe systems measure in-
coming flow and discharge flow. Assuming no intervening taps,
the two flows are compared. A difference noted will trip an
alarm. Differences of greater than 0.5 percent commonly are
used to indicate a leak.
Pipes should be color-coded to avoid cross connections,
and to permit easy location.
8.3.2.4 Valves—
Pressure relief valves should be used wherever necessary.
All valves should be located as close as possible to the source
in the event they must be operated during an emergency. How-
ever, the valves should be accessible if an emergency occurs.
Emergency shut-off valves should be placed on all gravity trans-
fer lines.
8.3.2.5 Pumps—
It is good practice to locate pumps outside if possible.
This reduces the possibility of being rendered inoperable due to
fires or explosions. It is required in areas where there may be
a build-up of potentially explosive gases.
Back-up pumps may be desirable where needed to move
leachate to storage during emergencies. Portable pumps are
3-12
-------
desirable to have on hand in emergencies.
8.3.2.6 In-Plant Drainage—
Leaks and spillage from equipment should be collected
within the plant and returned to the appropriate unit process.
Typically, leaks and spillage can be controlled by dikes, berms,
and curbs.
8.3.2.7 Electrical Failures—
Emergency lights on battery packs are recommended for all
plant areas. Operators should judge the potential damage re-
sulting from an extended electrical outage. It may be cost-
effective to install an emergency back-up generator dependent
upon the number of critical functions involved.
8.3.2.8 Maintenance and Repair—
Wherever possible, preventive maintenance should be sched-
uled so that redundancy and back-up are unnecessary. This can
be done during scheduled shutdown. If major repairs can be de-
ferred, they also should be performed at that time, i.e., during
scheduled shutdowns.
8.4 PERMITS
8.4.1 Consolidated Permit Regulations
In conjunction with issuance of final rules for the fed-
eral hazardous waste management program (Federal Register, May
19, 1980), the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency established
rules for a consolidated permit program. The rules governed
programs authorized by the following legislation: Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Underground Injection Control
(UIC) under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) under the Clean
Water Act (CWA), State dredge and fill (404) provisions of the
CWA, and Prevention of Significant Deterioration under the Clean
Air Act (CAA). There are three primary purposes of these rules:
H
1. To consolidate program requirements for the RCRA
and UIC programs with those already established for the
NPDES program.
"2. To establish requirements'for state programs under
the RCRA, UIC, and Section 404 programs.
"3. To consolidate permit issuance procedures for EPA-
issued Prevention of Significant Deterioration permits
under the Clean Air Act with those for the RCRA, UIC,
and NPDES programs."
8-13
-------
The rules are complex and -equire substantial effort in
order to enable complete and tr rough preparation of permits.
Manual users are urged to consult documents intended by EPA to
clarify and define permit application requirements.
Responsibilities for state program requirements also are
specified by the EPA rules and regulations. Although flexibil-
ity is allowed in how states implement these requirements, and
they are free to impose more stringent controls, EPA has spec-
ified minimum requirements consistent with RCRA provisions.
Permit officials and site operators should recognize that
certain aspects of the consolidated permits are ill-defined
relative to hazardous waste leachate treatment. NPDES require-
ments for direct discharge of treated leachate to receiving
waters need to be defined in greater detail. Furthermore, if
treated leachate is to be discharged into a POTW system, no
guidance has been provided relative to pretreatment require-
ments. There is a crucial need for defining such requirements
in greater detail. As a point of departure, permit officials
might deal with leachate treatment plant effluent in a manner
similar to that for the chemical manufacturing industry, both
organic and inorganic segments. Also, many cities are now in
the process of developing pretreatment requirements for dis-
charge of heavy metals, cyanide, phenols and other toxic com-
pounds into POTWs.
8.4.2 Other Permits
There are several other areas which manual users should
consider in assuring that site operations conform with govern-
mental plans and regulations. Water quality aspects should be
factored into areawide waste treatment management plans (section
208), and facility planning efforts (Step I). This is espe-
cially important where direct discharge or discharge to POTWs is
envisioned. Other areas of concern are zoning requirements and
local building permits.
8.5 PERSONNEL TRAINING
Training is envisioned for personnel engaged in the fol-
lowing four functional areas of leachate treatment facilities:
operations and maintenance, safety, emergency response, and
security. Training related to safety and emergency response has
been discussed earlier in this section, and as a result, will
not be repeated here. •• ' "".
The basis for operations and maintenance training should
be a. well-conceived O&M manual. During training, personnel
should be acquainted with key operating parameters, acceptable
8-14
-------
operating ranges, problem diagnosis, troubleshooting, repair
procedures, preventive maintenance, and shutdown procedures. An
example of a suggested guide for development of an O&M manual
for conventional waste treatment facilities is shown in Table
8-1. Obviously, a manual for a leachate treatment plant would
have to be modified to reflect the processes used, and incor-
porate provisions germane to the handling of hazardous mate-
rials. The table does, however, provide a good starting point
for structuring an O&M manual.
Security personnel should be trained not only to prevent
unauthorized entry into the plant, but also in first aid, emer-
gency communications and first response measures, essentials of
spill containment, and some fire fighting as appropriate.
Training should be conducted upon hiring, and should be
updated at regular intervals. Consideration should be given to
sending key personnel to formal off-site training courses and
seminars.
8.6 SURFACE RUNOFF
Disposal sites should be designed so that stormwater is
diverted away from and around the site. This can be accom-
plished through grading and the use of berms and dikes. Hence,
this subsection addresses only the fate of precipitation falling
directly within the disposal site. Four options exist for deal-
ing with stormwater runoff, dependent upon the degree of contam-
ination: 1) route uncontaminated flow to a holding or storage
pond from which discharges can be made to surface water courses;
2) route mildly contaminated runoff to the same holding or stor-
age area, and treat prior to discharge; 3) route contaminated
runoff to the leachate treatment plant; and 4) place heavily
contaminated runoff into the disposal area, or containerize and
ship off-site for appropriate disposal.
Work areas likely to be contaminated, e.g. loading docks,
waste transfer areas, storage tank areas, should be paved and
curbed to collect contaminated spillage. These curbed areas
should be able to be drained by gravity. Drainage valves should
remain closed until the areas are drained either to the holding
ponds (when spillage has not occurred), or to treatment and dis-
posal areas (when there is evidence of leaks or spillage).
8-15
-------
TABLE 8-1
SUGGESTED GUIDE FOR AN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
FOR WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES (5)
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Operation and Managerial Responsibility
B. Description of Plant Type and Flow Pattern
C. Percent Efficiency Expected and How Plant Should
Operate
D. Principal Design Criteria
II. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
(Function, relation to other plant units, schematic
diagrams)
A. Pumping
B. Screening and Comminution
C. Grit Removal
D. Sedimentation (Primary)
E. Aeration and Reaeration
F. Sedimentation (Secondary)
G. Trickling Filters
H. Sand Filters
I. Sludge Digestion
J. Sludge Conditioning
K. Sludge Disposal
L. Gas Control and Use
M. Disinfection
N. By-Pass Controls and Excess Flow Treatment Facilities
O. Waste Stabilization Lagoons
P. Other
III. DETAILED OPERATION AND CONTROLS
(Routine, alternate, emergency, description of various
controls, recommended settings, reference to schematic
diagrams, failsafe features)
A. Manual"
B. Automatic
C. Physical
D. Chemical ,
(continued)
8-16
-------
TABLE 8-1 (continued)
E. Biological (including Bacteriological)
F. Industrial Wastes Monitoring
G. Safety Features
H. Problems/ Causes, and Cures
IV. LABORATORY CONTROLS
(What and why tests are made, interpretation of results,
and how samples are obtained)
A. For Each Process Description Given Above
1. Sampling
2. Flow Controls
3. Analysis
B. Monitoring of Effluent and Receiving Waters
C. Water Quality Standards
V. RECORDS
(Importance of records, graphing test results, example
and sample forms)
A. Process Operations
B. Laboratory
C. Reports to be Submitted to State Agencies
D. Maintenance
E. Operating Costs
VI. MAINTENANCE
(Schedule—daily, weekly, monthly, etc., reference to
pages in manufacturers' manuals)
A. Manufacturers' Recommendations
B. Preventive Maintenance Summary Schedule
C. Special Tools and Equipment
D. Housekeeping Schedule " •-
VII. SAFETY
A. Sewers \
B. Electrical Equipment '
C. Mechanical Equipment
(continued)
3-17
-------
TABLE 8-1 (continued
D. Explosion and Fire Hazards
E. Health Hazards
F. Chlorine Handling
G. Aeration Tank Hazards
H. Recommended Safety Equipment
VIII. UTILITIES
(Source, reliability, cost)
A. Electrical
B. Gas
C. Water
D. Heat
IX. PERSONNEL
(Detail of job requirements, task plan estimating man-
hours per month and year)
A. Manpower Requirements
B. Qualifications and Background
C. Certifications
D. Administration and Supervision
E. Laboratory
X. APPENDIX
A. Schematics
B. Valve Indices
C. Sample Forms
D. Chemicals Used in Plant
E. Chemicals Used in Laboratory
F. Water Quality Standards
G. Detailed Design Criteria
H. Equipment Suppliers
I. Suppliers' Manuals
(may be bound separately)
8-18
-------
8.7 REFERENCES
1. Morton, W. I. Safety Techniques for Workers Handling Haz-
ardous Materials. Chemical Engineering, 83(22):127-132,
1976.
2. Weiby, P., and K. R. Dickinson. Monitoring Work Areas for
Explosive and Toxic Hazards. Chemical Engineering, 83(22):
139-145, 1976
3. Herrick, L. K. Jr. Instrumentation for Monitoring Toxic
and Flammable Work Areas. Chemical Engineering, 83(22):
147-152, 1976.
4. National Fire Protection Association. Fire Protection
Guide on Hazardous Materials, Sixth Edition. Boston, MA,
1975.
5. Federal Water Quality Administration. Federal Guidelines -
Design Operation and Maintenance of Waste Water Treatment
Facilities. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington,
DC, September 1970.
8-19
-------
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
SUMMARY OF REPORTED WATER CONTAMINATION
PROBLEMS (at Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites)
Appendix Table A-l contains data on identified hazardous
waste problems and to the extent possible data on waste composi-
tion. A reference list which indicates data sources and pertains
only to this table follows the main body of the table.
Problem sites are identified by a code number in Table A-l.
The code numbers and associated problem sites are listed below.
Site Number Site Description
001 Helevia Landfill adjacent to West Omerod water suppty
(near Allentown, PA)
002 Haverford, PA
003 Centre County, PA (near State College, PA)
004 Stringfellow Landfill, Riverside, CA
005 Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, CO
006 Geological Reclamation Operations and Waste Systems,
Inc. (GROWS) landfill, Falls Township, PA
007 Wade Site, Chester, PA
008 Bridgeport Quarry, Montgomery County, PA
009 Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL
010 Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY
Oil LaBounty Dump Site, Charles City, IA
012 Saco Landfill, Saco, ME
013 Whitehouse, FL
014 near Myerstown, PA
015 Undisclosed
016 Necco Park, Niagara Falls, NY
017 FMC, Middleport, NY
018 Frontier Chemical Waste Process Inc., Pendleton, NY
019 102nd Street, Niagara Falls, NY
020 Pfohl Brothers, Buffalo, NY
021 Reilly Tar & Chemical Co., St. Louis Park, MN
022 Windham Landfill, Windham', CT
023 LiP'ari Landfill, Gloucester County, NJ
024 Kin-Buc Landfill, Middlesex County, NJ
025 South Brunswick, NJ
026 Ott/Story site, Muskegon County, MI
027 Hooker Chemical Co., Montague, MI
A-l
-------
Site Number Site Description
028 Mayer Landfill, Springfield Township, PA
029 Chemcentral-Detroit, Detroit, MI
Bofors-Lakewav. MM«I>-<=.~—
030
T> * "«c..croit, Detroit
Bofors-Lakeway, Muskegon MI
A-2
-------
co
z
a
O
a:
a
z
O
6-
-1 Z
' O
< U
a «
j w
CO j.
a:
O
a,
u
a:
Z
Z
3
1
1
i a
CJ
z
M
a
uu
a
a:
1
j
^4
f_.
fr*
M
J
<
17
CK
OS
a
t-
ET^
«C
3
a
2
<
Z
O
)•» 4
t.
a.
M
a
o
CO
a
a
z
u
03
o
QJ
a
a a
t* o
tt o
V) U
z
0
C* t— *
^ i™^
z e«
<^«
^
z o
"-H IM
5* IL.
Ac ™«
rf; t""t
r* «
r cn
O <
r j »_! I
W *•* I
CJ 1
1
~H
1
C
•- < o* 1 O
OX AJ
•O ci 41
•H . to
3 0 £ -« — i — i
cr •"-> o -* \
•H Li ••* CT 1
.-I in IAW nw g
-> tn o AJ
3 AJ 41 0 *H CJ .-4
o 3 AJ o o o a
•» U VO — < AJ
"O J<: 01 T3 CT* S
oi 3 a. o c -H u
AJ \ AJ nj .-i
a, -4 in i -a
Ot TJ .-• O 0) TJ
CJ CT> <0 ul AJ 11 u
O ••< ITJ £ O^
iQ O U U AJ 3 C
O 41 01 01 — > 3
-( o AJ -o o a o
— t • ifl C (fl "O
•H n Z 3 c
OJ -H ._ .„
•O «-i to >, £ £
CO • •-* £ AJ
fl 4« AJ -«4 J»
** U ~* 3 «— £ T3 AJ AJ
-• 4J U 3 (0 TJ
ig 4( -i -i 3 3
TJ c ^: o
C W 4» 3 C T3 ID
fl 4) —4 -^ c C
•U >i C 3 3-4
ojtn.c-4!/j o o\
VA^lQAJtnOI kl iwC7>
(K34IITJAJ O> 3>£
*H o j3 in
—i W fl C C O
C x: a a
4) 3 14 HJ AJ CJ CJ
03 "O AJ O O f- 6-
^•4
0
o
•Jl
•T •
9
j
b
fl
CJ
0
<-^
TJ
i
1
i
i
i
ro
^J
i
•0 1
41 W -o vw
AJ in 01 0
U U AJ
4) .fl AJ
•i"i «i £ C
c: ii --i u
•nas •-*
fQ "O
— 4 AJ ITJ
-4 . C iw
01 tn o cr>
350
•U C
a oi u 3
Oi u 0 0
0) AJ "O
•O m *J
C AJ
W TD 3 01
"3 C O 4)
3 fl 1 ""*
— t K -<
(N
0
0
tn
—4
0
c
2'
i
1
•3-
3
i 01 f
1 r
i
1 3^
U -
•-^ --^
X
>. •->
IT} Ct4
Ll
3.
•J) •
cn
J= AJ
AJ C
0 41
-3 S tn
•O 4)
X C T7
01 3 -H
Li O U
•H a. •-»
Z P AJ
•5 in
•o 01
c c a
TJ -o i; e
AJ oi .;:
S X g (N
0 •-" g
° a I '
41 41 E
AJ — AJ IT
M CJ 3 41
TJ s j3 LI
3 AJ
TD 7) tn
—t C — 1
ti fl nj c
•H AJ -H
Li T3 41
AJ 41 g a>
in AJ c
% £2 8.
c -< a) o
i-t U £ X
m
o
O
w
0)
TD
•H
U
•H
U
•A
01
3.
2 tf*
.•0 1)
_i
1/1 =" «
01 T3 *
AJ 3 13
cn -H
« o1 3
3 C _
•H ~->
-4 AJ tj>
Ifl it) 3
•-4 ^ O
Li Q. -C
AJ AJ
cn . -4
3 in ITJ
Q
• U Q
41 b
•U 0 TJ
•-^ AJ C
CO W 13
-------
T3
0)
3
4J
C
0
u
u
u
a
o
Z
X
^4
c.
G^
t^
J
<4
3
cx
2C
u
-^
2
Q
<
O
h-t
c*
O,
M
CS
u
fl4)3fMin O in
c^j£o *o^oinco*^
4)^3^ QD. i i i i i i
en 4j
fl ifl 0 ^ • !n ^ fN ^ ^
W IH 4J 3
41 4J fl O* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4J -Jl C
ECS UUUZZN1
U-l 0 4J fl
0 T3 C 3
-i 0
>< ^ U 4»
jj -• y
41 " U fl
^ -H 4^ W
fl 0 fl 3
> co 3 en
•a
01
3
C
.-i
4-1
en c •
0) 0
•O ^u
V) U
>^ -H
fl 4-1 tj
4J en en
4) 41 -."4
Z a. s
1
0
"o u
4J T3
c o
£ a. 41
"0 4J
C -^ fl
3 fl C
o a -H
QJ --4 £
£ S CT1
0 c a CN
•-4 cu en "o v
4J O< 4J 4) ON
fl fl kl 4J V 1
C 0 fl
•«^ 4) <4-l £ 1 41
e t u 5 -o
O*fe ^. f\ ^^ ^1
' ^* U ^J V
4J . y —I—I
W -O •-* U fl T3
41 4) i-^ 41 u-4
4-1 M -H 4J 0
fl -H O fl
3 4J fl 3 >
•O -^ >*w T3 4J
C — * C — i
3 -H C 3 -1
0 E 0 O fl
U 4) -H U 3
O "D 44 CT> O<
in
O
0
en
• • • ui • • - vi • o
sn c en fl -< •
U O 41 41 4J
•H .3 73 -• fl
fl fl CJ 3 0 'Jl
j: u -H c u -4
a 0 AJ >• < fl
-n4 ^^ ^1 )— t 4J
1^ T3 ^ 0 U
< = a. a Z
•-H
|J1 N^
i _| g, ^
X a x
Q O> tT
O a n a
- CD O
1 1 O 1
.-H -^
\OOvO
-p O -H -4
a T v iv
..
O 1 1 0) 1 -^
o-o -•
(N 41 4) -H 4) X
• 4J 73 X C 3»
-t fl -^ O 0 £
i o -^ ^ — • en
£ 3 3 3 fl
o Cli en tn en
03 en I 1 1 ~t ~t ~4
1 £ "> *>! "> O< ^ "fl
cu ^ j= J= a a -»
41 -4 «J Jj 4J
C >> 4) 0) 0) fl
>> en £ j= ^ w fl
O '"^ O O O tD S C?^
•H -H 1 1 1 C 41 Z
T3 "3 2* Oi a 0) Z •-*
o
^^
^
0
U-l
CU
.C
r^
"~i~
i
— *
*>.
o
o ^
0 2
1 1
41 fl
a o
xT
CN
^H 'O
* •
o o
i i
fl 0
0 03
*T -4
04 — I
>-» 0
O<— »
W
1 1
*™4 'J\
< <
A-4
-------
T3
1)
3
C
C
0
U
u
u
a:
w
CJ
z
M
cu
a
—
>•
E*
hH
3
O<
OS
U
f-
-»•
^
a
z
<
z
o
&«
04
M
a:
U
c/i
a
r
CM
taJ
CO
o
cu
U Cd
&- a
M O
C/T O
z
o
6- M
z e-
Z CJ
HH HH
£ Cu
< M
Z 7J
O <
CJ J
^
U
O -H -1
~i c r-
O
OCOOrj -TOCO
.
a. ( — > : i i i i i i
i tj y
J CJ -LJ ^ Q C/l
2OO O—^SO^JQ
£-"&* CrtCJCXCJcn£^
^3 (^ ^3 ^ft
<^» O O O •
(*> ^p Q • * • f^
O IN O • < •a
— i « m tp « « v^ • • «^ • • i>*H •
^^ ^^ ^r ^P *™4 ^^ t^i f^ f^ ^^ t^ (NI [ ~i
** ^**fc
M O> 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4) £
in a
0) CJ
W 3
T3
-4 0
*
C -U
••4 -H
-H
T3 fl
C 3
in cr o o
o ui
—(01 T vO
fl ^^ » »
Q, m in •q-
•H U
o a o o o i i o
1 o* * °- n* 2 H 8
-------
4)
3
C
C
O
y
Cd
J
a
a
CJ
z
u
W
tw
JJ
OS
>*
6-
i— (
*•
3
O<
OS
cu
e-
^
a
z
z
o
6-
a
HH
as
o
cn
a
a
* ^
w
*J
03
o
ct
~*
u a
fr» a
M O
w u
z
o
e- M
Z 6-
Z CJ
M M
Z ii
4* ^
f ._
z en
o <
U J
o
03
1 Jj
3 «
O
-I TJ
<-H •-*
0 3
Cb C^
*H
•
4J *j
4J O
•H
(/) CO
u
C i«4
0 *O
01 3
.* a,
c
TJ *o
*j c
•o w
C «-t W 01
0)
uioi o) o e vie aivo)
£ COlOl* -HOI CCC
ki-H OIOIN •'-IS 01 C NNM
13 C C C 0) 0 CD CCC
*O DDDC*D01 DJ3 DDO)
C C N P4 _Q 0) D C -^ ^"^ 0 J3 j^ J3
•H3 CCQNjJO) 13 ^ — ( ^( ^
0 01 (U W C fl «••* *^ < (^ ^j 4j ^, ^ ^,,
T3 iw Q j^ Q (j} »H <0 0 oi JJ '*^ * * C •£ ^« _f^
D 0 O ^^ _f^ (^ £^ ^J ^ C ^» C 01 0) D ^ ^ (-J
i-i a; MU-co — -^a;* (i; --H a, i c c a aj i; D
*J D ^t *H *^* 0 ^> 3^ O« C iJJ fl C 1 «CT W O **^ *"^ '*^
C/l 3? ^- ^> ^ *^ CU Tl 7^ 0 ""* ^ *H 0 ^ £ -W IM w ^4
O O J-* ^ *^ C X W ^ >« M C iJ ^4 *J -^J -JJ
cncn •^••^icj>»'^oOJ— C^IOTJC^I ' i
JiJc 77^23^^1"a.jC£i)!coc<5u^^'^
C/) t3 f ^N ^ JJ ^3 AJ iJ O Q< Qt £ O 3 ^ (U ^ ^J (N
fQC *«*iU-HO(UV)tI'^'HI'^jCl ***
^ -^ f (— * i-H i~4 XJ 'Q £ £ *H C 'O ^ *H ^4 Q^ <^ ^H *H -^
E
01 nj
3 -J
0 C
13 O
±4 y ••
.-0 0)
S tT* ~J
fl C --H
S — i 01
r-
o
o
tfl
y
•H
fl
o
<
u
« DO)
o u <-•
-* 01 .-o o
AJ — ( — I 3 Cfl
T3 0 1J C D •
£ C £ >• C CJ
0 9) «J •"•* •-• il
l- — JT 0 S -<
< z, a, a. ^ s
-~
11
3
=
o t:
5
^
^ •• TJ
«Q D D
"4 JJ •-<
tfl -H <4J
01 01 — «
§,^ S
(Q (Q
u w 3
c
e a
3 JJ 03
0 C • & 73
U D (N — i 41
a1 e j->
•o i i y
c c D
•H 3 VO CT> JJ
a. . 41
"^ vO ^
D E
JJ -H III
y
0) JJ «
JJ C D
D D C
T3 £
41 ITS JJ
ki W D «
D O> 0 W D
3 a n c c
3 ODD
CO -* Si Q.
jJ S £ JJ 0
CO U D W
fl )•! •-» 0 flU
C
-------
•o
41
3
C
•»4
JJ
e
o
u
<
u
03
u
o
z
u
Cu
Zi*
£xj
a
>4
*J
*J
Of
K
U
2
3
-*
Z
o
M
«
U4
H4
Q*
O
CO
u
a
u
N-3
03
0
«
0.
u w
t- Q
M O
W U
z
o
e- «
Z 6-
z u
1-4 l-l
£ •**
< M
£4 oo
Z V)
O <
U J
u
0
1
•-4 0)
jJ U
« * «-i
4) vu 0
a, u
3 41
>u 0) 01
O fl
JJ U
£ <9 41
fl 0) >
4) U fl
M Q JJ
C JJ -H
3 2
O >
•0 fl .H
CO W Q^
U 41 3, -K
01 "O CJ\
4J g \£ fx
fl 3 CN ON
M V
4) JJ —(C
O W --1
fl 0 0
M <*4 4J i
jj E <*>
c --• w M
4) .«H
4) HJ *O O
^4 \44 £) «••«
Q. 0>
e c /-i
HO «J X
Q — 4 W 91
a jj a
U 1
^4 3 vfl
Q ^3 ^i f^
0 6- .
(fl Ul Q -4
w Q, in Q --i
4) U
s n D
O T3 *J
«i •-* n
>-> U 3
3
«
11
*4
u
JJ
M
4)
a
rw ,*N ^» CO
— < CN (N fN
1
O 1
fl (8
C U
•*4 ^J
C -H
C 41 O
fl O O
c
E 0 0
0 O v
U *•" « « « « 41
CP 4) **^ '^ O * >*x *H ^^ ^^ ^s» * * ^v
c cj m o *™< cn *\ o^ ^ c^ *™^ *™^ c^
JST3 OOOIO O> 3. O'CT'O
UO OOO .7t.Q.Qt/)'Uki3-'44>Q'>CC
OS ZCjOCuSfl400<^ c
1) i3 <*i
3 cn 0
•O ifl O 1
01 D o in o
c 4) o yo •v •/ O
•H 4^ X 1 1 41 O ^4 V U^ ^"4 ^H
S -4 4) I (fl 1 O >JO
iow oooa r* — i in i -OO
C "™ ^ "H • CO ^ C^ W O Ul ^ O CU •
O /O X^ \f} f*4 ^ U^ ^,3 CN ^H CN V CU U^ 1 1 1
U tfl C7> «!
aE llllv4llll^iQIZZZ
-4 01 IU J-1 f Z J "i CN
•H — ( -H SOOO--'C/jvQOll OOiSOO
J *O ^t 54 c/7 O O Wfi^crtCO^^c^ZZZ
0 tfl
-t 4) C
-t > 0
O •-( -H
Cb JJ JJ
o
o
c
ai g
u 3
-1 u I/I
•J tj -J) —1
fl y ~« . o
S 0 -3 0 =
0 — i *J V) 0)
U .-3 41 -" ~.
< = S Z 2.
?
3
"•
^
•J
0
O
~
* *
« « « «
\ -( ^ X.
^n ^x ^^ ^n
•^_ p«f» p*» -^
•* W^ W -i
Cft O
O o n ^H-
^-4 (N CN V
1 1 1 1
<
41
C
« 41
41 N
C C
.2 JS
fl W
jj o
3 -J
o "u w
u •-( O
^H JJ « £
J= 1 C O
'J T •-> fl
fl » U JJ
X fN -o 2,
41 • — I 41
^1 (—4 fl r*
A-7
-------
•u
4)
3
C
C
0
u
u
*I
a
u
6"
M
W
f-
Z
<
Z
M
Z
<
t,
e^
Z
O
o
u
z
b)
as
Cu
Ct]
OS
>
fri
M
J
<
a
o
at
u
e*
<
X
a
z
^;
Z
o
M
£4
a.
M
«
CJ
(/)
u
Q
2
b)
(J
CO
O
a:
a.
b)
a
0
u
o
M
£-
<
0
HI
Ci*
H4
C/5
<
j
O
« «
« «
•-4 <-4
X. X.
Cn « C"
3. * 3.
in
O • O
<*1 V rH
1 1 1
«
cn
«H
o
« • s
~- oj
-1 JS
tj a,
*J o
0 b
4J O
•— • »-l
jS
« cn u
-H ,-t — <
§ i?
^ j? n
a, a, ,
JS
•U
4)
u
ai
•4
Z
»H
X
Cn
a
00
(N
|
0)
CU
—<
>•
J=
4J
01
o
h
0
>H
J5
U
•H
•o
1
^H
r-l
T3
CU
• ^4
JJ
C
0
u
CO
^*
0
c
0)
a.
^4
X
»-i »H »H cn
X^ ^^ X. X. a fH <— H ^4" *H ^
cnX-^C" CC X X X X X
a,cnx.a* aocn cncncncn
3. Cn « Oa, a.a.a.3.
O a. O — i O O «
mo OX O»ui« OOOO
invouiocn n-4,
JS «
« 4J 4) * 4)
4) It S 4) C
CO <0 'O fl
« « ki j: ••* x
4) J= 0 <-< JJ U 4)
C -U -. 0 41 0 —
o)oij= — 0 —• o 1-1 )H)-I
'H E CJ « 0 Vi JT — ( 01 hi 4) 0»
>. o nj a u o o u e > o e o o
« *j 0 -*J 41 4Ucnocaca
S 41 — 1 41 N U-JJO-Htn-H-H
WOJS-UC — 1 -40)W -H
0 U O 1 4) -H >.««V44JO<8 IQIQ
Oi4)«-U --i J= itj g JJ
o -H g -ocococcicjca-ug-H
V4JZOOJ=
-------
•o
cu
3
C
0
u
a
<
6-
cu
£•
M
'w
e-
z
z
2
^
c^
o
CJ
«
z
u
ce
u
k,
;j
(X
2*
M
J
^
Z3
ex
(X
*j
5
3
Q
Z
^£
^
— •
J
^
£-.
0.
M
ai
O
en
a
z
u
j
CD
O
a:
u
Q
O
W
Z
o
I-H
£-
a
a!
t—i
cn
<
j
u
m *r
— < .-H
in
1 C^- C
-( C S 0
Q — < -H CU C -H
Ql TJ 3 01 --H AJ
O O 3 <0
UJ •* -H .U
O1 £ 30^ C^ ...» rq
•* Q* "O '^ O C lOOOOO
e -i o
>, U) —1 -H 1 t 1 1 1
> J2 . TJ C W.
•ft u 3 JJ Li 0
S 3 *O -H CT> CJ
(T3 O ~< C
*J ^ Li TJ 3 .U
c -( a 3 o w
O -H CT T3 0
T3 0 Lt cfl It x^
CU C It -H Li •• 3>
.Q /Q /-^ 4J ^^ £
'^ TJ (TJ .£ 0 *O
O en 3 o w cu CD
.u —« 0 "U •-> — < -^ — <
flj CX C ^ 03 O
'DCLOT33 C >-*.^.~* I>H
ii-t-LI cno u
a s o M -4 u « ooosco •*
o)£*4*jv,wa.ooo oi<^t c
U C CCOO<-H O
iJ «M 3 U irj Z
TJ ij o< — < "O - flQUcnui cu
Scnocu-ic.-! OOOcnoz -^
C C
*2
O
en
O
TJ _
£
Q
U
V) L,
C T3
ifl 0 il
CJ J —
•-* u ai j
cn -i TJ —« 3
— i TJ O • O C
-o £ 0 u c >
u 0 — < 'si a> — i
01 u -3 -i £. O
z < = s i a.
T3
3
^
i j
3
CJ
•«•«•*
O U^ O GO *N 0^ CO O O O n **1 O
C^ «*HCNCD • .r**ry^f^ ^r»
i— H ^r (^i <**") ^r <^i *M
4i
u
c in
£ CU CU -I
•U C C « C
< QJ fQ (fl (U 'd
cu o ^: JT c a»
C Li *J w « CU Li
CUO« CUCUCUO'HO
J^'HCU OOCCU>t
• -J .C C « U L, 03 C ^ CU
1) 01 U 03 01 OO^TJiJ ^H
s o — ( £ c — i ^ AJ j: » ja
•JUTIiJCU £ JZ CU w O -H
N O 1 01 N U O £ 01 U iJ
r — ( 3--UOW i] -^
CUJT .LI-^UO -.LiLin ^H c
u
4J
3
D
z
A-9
-------
•o
(U
3
C
•H
4J
C
o
a
01
j
03
u
CJ
z
u
a,
u
^
OS
>*
£*
J
,,.
3
O
^
K
c.-
C"
2
a
z
z
o
M
*
04
I"4
cs
CJ
en
u
a
^
u
u
03
O
as
a.
Cd U
6- a
M 0
en o
z
o
8" M
Z r-
Z CJ
2 i
< M
z en
0 <
CJ J
CJ
41 OOOOOOOOOOOOOf1 fN ^H 03 n -H
(0 ~t
o
o o o o o o
o o o o o o
oooooo - o o
ooo.o -o -o »o -o •
•Q4I S(Ti^s:niT(N— i-i-ttTr-— i
4) CT1
3 C 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II
•52 aoaooaoQoooao
^j 2 vO Z T C^ Z O Z O O O Z O
C« ^" ^^ CD ^3 ^3 "O ^3 ^O
o .....
O ^ (Ti IN O (N S3
*o ^H
(rt — t «
CJ £ 41
•-< fl 0) C *
C 0) N C -H 41
TJ C C -I £ C
CP ^J ^J D c *d3U(U
W M C J2 ^ ^H ^-* C ^
o COON o>-*>f
a; cu 3 i- c « c c E j:
(U C^}^^^^'^'~4 D <3J * "-S ^) U ^ JJ
i^ *H Q Q **^ -"} 13 0 C C * ^ 0 jC XT — ^ U
^ ^^ JH ^J C 0 C C •••* *H '.y 0 C Ou M« ^» 0
•H -H^OIUTJ^1!) -H'HCCDO>pl4C.M
O IQ C ^ I ^ (U 4) O CCN^ICU^O — '^
W ^UC^O*M*Hit3* OO^QUCO-HQ
X **4 *^ ^ ^™^ 'O J«» J«« ^L O ^J ^^ 0 ^J *^ ^3 ^^ ^3
utj— (Ov04l4IJS4tCC4Jc'cj^'C'T3— <
— < IIJSI.IIIJSII-^II-I
Vj ~
u
3
41
y
XJ
g
o •• •• • ' " ' " .
w ***«
< -a
11
•A l-i 3
C "3 «
Si ^ J
-4 W 7) CJ =
7) iJ nj —430
-H .fl u . o - y
•3 = O U S >• ~"
D -. ^ -< — C
S < = S fi. i
ul
•^
1!
0)
c
^4
<— 4
41
3
4J
|Q
^ g
5 i
fl -H
3 X
^ £ fl
3 £
M X X.
en i tp £
C £
N|»V ' C
^3 O^ ^T *^
V £ £
ij .. .%
U flJ U1 0) O
(y (U CT> •
4J W •* (fl <«0
4) «J 41 l-i
•o en o) ••
— < (Q > 41
w f^ w (0 cn
u tn 41 4]
CO > -4 W
nj a, HS \ 41
CM CP >
•H -M ^H S <^
£ -o \
(^ Cfl f** *^»
jj 41 £ r* m
O 'O *^ ^ **0
U5
— '
—till
c « «
•"•* >4 V4 M ZM
3 u CJ ^ Q.
0 41
^-4 2
-* c
O "T3
Ct. iJ
(N
0
10
n o
oj ^i
D —4
S S
—
^
3
S
^
tf
_3
v
A-10
-------
TJ
>
6*
M
j
ta>4
<
3
a
OS
U
e-
rtj
•»
JE
a
z
<
z
o
M
b4
fc^
a>
M
OS
o
u
o
£
U
J
co
o
of
a>
u u
e a
M O
w o
z
o
C* bw
r* "
z &•
<^*
^
z u
»-( l-l
X Cu
< M
S- M
z en
O <
O J
a
^
"•I
i
O» — 1
hi o
41 a,
3 JJ
we
M 4) 4)
4) JJ g
JJ fl JJ
fl 3 fl
3 TJ 01
C U *-l
TJ 3 JJ \
CO C»
fl hi C a.
Oi 0
—4 JJ r*
•* TJ hi
O C fl P»
fl y
TJ 0
4) g TJ JJ
JJ fl 4)
fl 4) JJ vO
C hi fl Ul
•- » JJ >
g (fl "4 O
fl JJ
jj «•< y g
C 0 fl 0
0 M
y jj TJ >*-i
fl 4)
CD 4) t-t TJ
U hi 41 4)
& J= TJ O»
JJ 3 C
CT» 0 fl
C 4) O, M
•-* JJ
C fl 0
H C JJ ••
<0 ••* TJ « * «
JJ g JJ 4) CM TT O
C -t C C V irt Mp
O »-t 4) -H (N (N (N
U 4) 3 fl — 1 ~» -H
rH JJ
U) O iu C hi hi hi
JJ JJ C 0 O 0 0
c »-• y •-**••••*
at TJ u y y
S 4) >. O 0 0
3 M . JJ k| M hi
C 4) C -H < < <
3 JJ O ^
afl •»< -H
3 jj y
s 4) 3 fl
M T3 ^n ivi
rn
^^
O
(fl
S
vj
r^
F^
(0
hi
0 fl
JJ 0)
» >.
>w hi g
o o 4)
(fl (fl >
0 0)
a, • jj V)
(fl U C
•H 4) 4) hi •
TJ hi g 4) C
3 JJ JJ ••"!
TJ JJ fl ^ fl
c y oi fl g
fl fl hi 41
*-t VUI JJ •» hi
3 -H
§C TJ \ ^H
fl C Oi \
hi g fl g CTl
O
TJ fl C O O
0) y •* O rn
4J — < O1 • 1
-J JJ hi O O
3 3 3 -» ~«
(fl oi a.
41 O 4) <*4
W fl b hi O
g4l 4)
JJ 3 (fl
O fl fl C
•H x: 3 in o
• jj a TJ c H
fl C 0 JJ
C S. 3 -H fl
•H .Q 0 JJ hi
g hi fl JJ
fl Ifl C7> hi C
JJ TJ JJ V
C C VM c y
0 3 0 0) C
y o y o
a, c c o
ht g 0 0
4» o ••* y CT>
jj y jj c
fl fl « •«*
3 u -< y cr>
-O -^ ~* -*4 hi
c e fl c 3
3 41 JJ 4) CX
0 tfl in
g g
TJ in
r»
C rl
•H
4)
>w hi
0 01
3
TJ
01 hi
(fl 4)
ajJ
fl
(fl 3
•H TJ
TJ C
(fl 0
fl hi
3 0»
y c
•H •!-*
C
4) TJ
(fl C
01 3
hi O
fl n-i
0) (fl
JJ C
(fl 0
flfl •-<
2 JJ
ui
^
o
^H
fl
JJ
4)
03
jj
C
41
4) (fl
> 4)
•H hi
JJ (X
y
fl 01
C A
•ft
0
hi JJ
«a
4) TJ
C 01
jj
u fl
4> a,
JJ •-!
fl y
3 •-«
TJ JJ
e c
3 fl
O
hi Cfl
a» y
•H
C C
••« fl
o<
TJ 4) hi
C JJ 0
3 -H
0 M TJ
*M C
^H fl
Cfl fl
JJ (fl (fl
co y
fl a, — < -^
c w \ c
•H -^ CT1 fl
g TJ e a*
fl hi
JJ 01 O 0
C JJ O C
0 s
C 'H
fl fl
hi y
3 -»H
(fl
« 3
y
•-( C
4) o
(fl O>
hi fl
< r-i
r»
•^
O
«
01
TJ
•- *
co y
^ •••*
fl jj
jj v)
41 4)
£ a
T?
01
3
C
•^
jj
0
o
*"
A-j.1
-------
TJ
<
&«
M
J
3
O<
«
U
6-
<
5
a
z
<
O
M
5-.
0.
M
p£
U
C/1
o
£
CU
J
a
O
eg
«.
M4
ca co
^ . /^
fr« Q
M O
cn u
z
o
6- HI
S 6"
j* j»
*t ^i
r o
M M
£ Cu
rf M
6- cn
r cn
o <
CJ J
a
co
— i
r-t
TJ
U
•X
E
cu
J=
u
>,
JS
TJ
> *o n
y cu
y i i i i
CJ> 0
C 1-1 41 * 41
•-* a TJ 3 « -4
3 CJ U Cu Z
o cu
i-4 JJ
—1 CO
0 TJ
fi 3
09
^
O
tn
.— i •
•o y
JJ M
3) x
z z
C3
-H
1
cn
i 0
TJ CU
c cn
3 ~4
0 TJ
W
(Jl UJ
JJ
c cn
•H TJ
3
w
CU 3
•X JJ
-» U
CU TJ
J2 !U
2
cu c
TJ TJ
•-> £
w
0 -4
-4 IT)
^ y
y -4
TJ £
x a
cu &
£ y
CU *J-i
C 0
cu
M >,
C JJ
CU -H
J3 C •
•H CO
TJ y c
C "4 0
T) > — 1
JJ
« C TJ
>, — ( w
u cu
3 W C.
y cu o
W JJ
CU 'TJ f*
Z 3 TJ
C5>
^
a
w
y
.^
tn jj
_. "3
TJ S
*J O
D Vj
z <
I
3 r-
—t ' ~->
\
i
-H
tj
y
•x
C E
•H 0)
w "y
cu
jj •— i
TJ TJ
3 ^l
TJ CU
C >
3 CU
0 cn
M
CTI >,
A
TJ
C TJ
TJ CU
to
CU 3
JJ
TJ C
JS Q
y •-•
T) JJ
cu a
-H W
cu
c a
-4 0
TJ -4
C TJ
3 tfl
0 0
iu a.
•j>
tO -H
CU TJ
cu cu
N JJ
c tn
J! ?
TJ UJ
CU 0 •
JJ to
m >• u
C JJ 01
•H -H y
bi C 3
O ••* TJ
—l U O
JC '-I fc4
CJ > CU
o
CN
O
.
to
y .
^ i
^
TJ
0
u
<
i
C
•-4
U
CU
JJ
ITJ
3
TJ
C
3
2
tji ••
>
3 JJ
O — 4 •-<
-4 .-4 X.
•^ -X O*
jj -H 3
O 0 C
ETi C >,
C >• 0) ^
•-» JJ £i O
3 •- a a.
0 £
^^ 'X
-4 y
O -4
Cu >
*-4
fN
C
cn
y
•H
JJ
ITJ
£
w
<
u
Ifl
il
-H
y
-< 3
0 S
C >t
cu
•H TJ JJ
TJ j: y TJ
C 3 3
TJ JJ
-4 CO CU
•o — i w u
C •-< 0 TJ
3 u 3 VM
0 TJ U
U C •• » to y
jj jj cu cn
C -H JJ JJ —<
TJ C CO CO -H
C -H « U CU
•H 0 3 03
E -4 3
« > -4
JJ T) 1*1
C C -H
1 1
O u">
O •
e~i vj3
1 1 >
i
•& r- \
. fS
O •
tN ^O
0 -H U
y jj
*-* cn
i
JJ
•H
C
•H
*4
TJ
JC
O TJ " 4 •-* S
O, IM TJ < Q,
-------
-o
01
3
C
•H
JJ
C
o
y
<
u
a
£H
M
W
E-
z
z
X
£
z
o
u
Cd
a
Cd
X
Cu
Cd
^4
M
»J
**• .
3
Of
Q»
Cd
e-
X
a
z
z
o
M
"^
M*
M
a:
o
Ed
a
X
03
o
04
U
a
o
0
z
o
M
6"
U
t,
hH
en
V)
<:
*J
u
41 w
M 01
fl *J
y fl
U) 4)
hi U
0 fl
(N 3
U)
4)
V)
fl
y
(0
JJ — i
c/j **^
S*
fl
jj
c
fl
jj
3
^
£,
•o
41
C
il
^^
C
0
•B
U)
fl y
Jj
01 01
0) CO
X X
T3 T3
01 01
X X
"-< -H
g g
y j, ' '
6" 8 e* o z r
c
jj 0
--» y
^4 ^~*
fl
3 •
cr c
CO Q4
jj ia
c
4) 0*
ca B
4) •*
a, *
01 M
u >.
-------
A-14
-------
41
3
C
C
0
o
Cd
J
CO
<
61
0
2
W
S
»
>4
-^
bJ
O*
OH
U
e-.
^^
2
Q
<
Z
o
g__
c.
H4
a
en
u
a
w
bl
a
o
X
u*
w u
£1 Q
M O
W O
z
o
&• 1-1
2 e*
•z u
M M
< M
E- in
2 VI
0 <
U J
u
o
o
(NO O
0 - 0 O 0
U"l i-4 ^ P*» ""»
0 O 0 0 00
4J iJ JJ 4J O iJ
aiO.cucua.cu .-MO.
4
4)
C «
i M
«j .s: .e c
0 .u .u D
w tu 4) .Q
Ort i^ ^^
o o "^
.-< « Li V4 >,
4) £ 4) 0 O £
C U C ~4 —I «J
4J4)OUUUH4>|
in jj ij j-i AJ j-i S x
in
U
•^
n3 —
£ T3
O 4)
U 3
< C
Ifl ki U
•^ ^4 CJ "3 ^^
4J ^ 3 ~i
fl O ^ C 'tj
§ ^ a - f
W "0 ' -a
a
C 3J
•H 4)
in
ki
4) 4)
4j ' *
13 VI
3 fl CN
^1 ^ r^
^J > '
c vn
3 -c
0 -a
kt —4
5^ W(
-1
c in
"0
t3 C
U —I
CJ
41 0 «
4J AJ •• 11
4) ~- C
-a u ^ «j
3 -X J=
U 3. 41
01 -4 O
3 ^ C U
-H -I Q
in , 0
0 JJ w
Cu -H 44
tN
O
2
1
^4
U •
0 U
-t in
fl -i
= S
41 <
« U , r £ £«j
•U 41 41 11 O
11 0 0 C ki
0 ki u « - O
k, o 0 S 0 -• «
— i jc j: o -: u s
i U O >*- J Q 0
O "4 -H 0 -» S *•!
HI 73 -a ki -3 O 0
w i i o i w e
U - - JS .-^kiO
u — i ,-H o—t-a^ac"
• -
'j ft
,^j
0 3) —4 —4
y T> o ii •
u i. 3 'J
'M o —
0 .H -J IU
•H T3 -H W
-j — i J-J £
• 0 kl -4
C JJ >, fl
t3 fl U u C
4) 3 -4 •-<
JJ in T3 -t =
3 C 0 ^ S3
— i o w a jj
-• o a. s* c
a^H 0
.tj -t ki U
,-( Tl 4)
0) 'J U U
kf *— 4 --4 T] 1)
0) (0 £ 3 4J
3 in 4) T3 -a
a.C C 3
U 3 T3
ki " 3
4j *O -U ^ 0
fl kl
3 4) T3 41 3»
D « JJ -i
U "8 3 U _;
fl 3 .0 U *>
VM ->4 in
4
-. 0 41 ^
"3 w j; o
z < a. c.
™/
3
•-
•"*
—
-i
A-15
-------
'O
3
C
C
a
u
•
M
.J
-o^ino in
^j i^ CT^ XT ** *^ cn J^ 03 ^^ CO CD CO ^^ ^O \^ CO ^O
f*^ \o 1—4 *••< co r** r** ^H i/^ ^* f** '•^ rvj f*\ co co ^ ^^
OOOOOOOOOOOO 0000 00
OuiOcnO^Ln(/li/)tnuni/> cnror^t^i roro
^TVfNVU^ VVVVVV V V V V VV
^H fN f^l
01
M
.-0 « J2
« J3 0" ^
« a) jj c o *H
01 C 01 iTJ 01 0
c .u o -= •-» =
0) 0> « •« -C U jj J3 C J3 01
T3 — 4 01 01 JJ O 01 *HQ cc oi—< S-- o-^»Hoa
«WJ=iTJflJ OJ= O«l« CO>iC-H
11 0 -tJ — -C UU «U O — i 01 •
"C — < 11 JJ J-i O1^ *OIO "^ 0 J^-HQ£JJ
•-< _c o o^ u — i u, oic3 - c acwa3
U (J W M W £iJ C 01 — < "t 01 — • HJ 01 -* .Q
0 OOO OOI OIN1" 7^^ 5s -* O >» I
••^:cj;jrj:«ui«co)t4Oc 3-1131
*^5''0'T30)'-4Wi.c — < '^OCJO^OO
C >sJ=l 1 IN >>35sOU A .CCIICOOO)!
O ^
Wi
0) 4J
— < X
••H U
T3 *O
>—t - <
(0
o
u
F
O
< T? " ' " .
£/) • 1^ 3
C 03 C
0 «1 01 ••*
ja a -i -J
w —4 ui o c
fl JJ i-^ 3 O
U fl 0 C 0
o e = > — •
-, 0 01 -i
TJ W ^Z 0
~ < 2, —
"^
3
Z
r\
-H
v£ ^O ^^
^ * CN ^r
ui fN r^ cr^
i-*^ CO ~~* "H ~^
oo o o a
n <*i r*i P*^ f*i cj ^3
V V V V V — I — t
'/ V
r*4
0
.a .a c
-H -» 01 •• «
0 O J= « W 01 0»
U) C a rH U C C
»P^ (jj I-H 0 '*^ ^ "^
C^5sCT3 S N -<
dj Qi Q^ (U ""^ f^ C *H
c JT a -• o o -i
o a -i >. o v< >,
w o >• — •-• ii o-c
OIW^4JO —* — < -J
u a, -u a; N — J JT a;
(fl Q U ff C "^H CJ S
1 !0 1 -H 0) 4-1 — * -H
£-~«.^T3ja O T3T3
Vj
X
u
01
w
fl
a
A-16
-------
•u
01
3
C
C
0
o
Cd
J
CO
<
6*
a
e->
h4
CO
f .
y*
Z
<;
Z
t-4
Z
<
t.
z
o
u
•j}
o
z
jj
Of
Cv.
U
o:
>•
±4
M
J
<
3
0<
a
u
e*
<
2
a
Z
<
Z
o
M
£4
(^
HM
M
a:
(j
CO
u
a
^
u
»J
03
O
as
04
a
a
0
o
z
o
£4
<
u
H4
Cb
1-4
CO
so
<
J
o
O -4
rsiiarNr~(D'T^O
oooooooo -o
4^J 4^ ^J >W xJ ^J -U 4*^ C
3
OOOOOOOO 0
_|V4I^^4~4'-I^4,
C « 3 £ £
•-i V •— I JJ
*J C 0 £ T3
CO) JJ ia 01
ON 1 JJ
y c o iJ
— 01 H -0
J 0) O -H
M 0 C U — (
y 01 u o> 0 * >
2 -H -4 10 C 01
iO '-I JS « — --HOIC JJ
CN— lyoijj —ico) o
u, c -4 c a -H •-( w c
O (0 ij 01 ^ c e z:
,-4jJ— IC>4 1 « — 1 0 0 --< C >4
—t -CT.C>i.C>4>,. ^
-^ o o) — i
iO Li jS 0
— < c. —
J3
^J
•o
<0
«
04
(0
U)
O
a.
U)
• 04
T4
U
C
o
• H
JJ
u
3
•a
o
14
a.
01
^
j^
>•
^
T3
0)
U)
3
iO
y
c
o
•H
JJ
3
•H
r-<
kl
01
JJ
nj
2
T3
C
3
0
)-
a
(—
(N
0
(0
• c
0
.a
u
iO
y
0
^^
5
i
s
2
"y
U4
0
>
JJ
JJ
•»-4
y
•«j
>
c
•-»
w
JJ
cn
u
2
T3
C
«
4J
0
tfl
(Tt
'y
JJ
a
41
o
X
0)
%
••4
\
en
3.
2
.-4
u
c
0
y
^00
>
Jj
•04
0-4
•H
u
ITJ
iW
c
o
•H
JJ
o
3
1
14
a.
— *
o o
s o o o o
0000
c o • o «
0 .0 - 0
c in -* o in
33 i 0)
O JJ «J «J JJ
- • "
o
-4
£.
O
f3
X
01
£.
o
0-t
V
_
3
in
U^
«
0)
c
01
• 04
•o
<0
JJ
c
01
a
0
*H
u
X
u
0
w
0
0H
.c
u
<3
X
01
-C
O/^
\J
0 0
0-1 —1
V V
CD
in
J^
31
01 &
cu
01 — •
JJ
c *
01 01
a. c
0 0)
-< M
u s
> 01
U J3
0 0
i-i u
0 0
-4 0-4
£ -C
0 0
« rfl
JJ X
U 01
0 -C
1
2
*••
^
3
u
"*"^
A-17
-------
3
C
C
0
y
<
Cd
a
u
o
z
u
a:
a
a
06
?*
&**
H
j
<
3
CX
QL
a
f*
((g
2
a
z
i^
z
o
M
E*
a.
H^
u
cd
a
z
,-j
a
o
a:
Cd Cd
e- a
M 0
CO U
z
o
fr* M
z e*
z u
Z ft.
*4* ^
f« CO
Z CO
O <
U pJ
CJ
_(
f-t
JJ
TJ
u
CU
JJ
<0
2
73
C
3
0
Vl
C7^
C O
•H lO
*.
s ^"in^rtoooo
3 CD m oo v OOO
0 — 'H vO fl
U-J ...
01
^4
3
0)
co c
JJ * H)
C 01 f
<0 » 73 JJ 01
•H —. -H 01 C —I CU
S-H W 0 4) CU OC
ttX 0 Si S JS CO)
JJ» rtflCU JJ fl 3
0 y J— JJ O 73 J^ 0
U C O 01 U >, 01 JJ
•-» cu -H o o ^: g o
<4rf Cklkl«^CU U
0 • 0)*JOCU^73CUO
O •-« 1 .H C O *H C tH
CUC >-tJZO)flflOIJ=
Ol 0 £«U3MNNU
nj >-• it) « w 0 0) 0) oi U
W S-H-U-WW^DjO-tJ
CTI -^
c -^
3" T3
o c
*"^ nj
"^ ^
0
Ct, it)
CD
o
CO C
o eo o
CO -H O jQ
0 iT3 JJ f "3
0 ft fi 0) 0
O -H 0 JZ —
— ( -H Vj JJ 03
< < _ < U X
T1
a cu
M JJ
*g
C -I
•H X
11 0
c a
o a,
O fl
0 »
c
73 CU
01 -U
> C
0) 0)
•H Q,
JJ
0 0)
CO S
< 73
3s!
CN
•n "5
«' -J
Oi jQ
> -H
01 JJ
u co
01 •-<
(, fM
Jjj ^
O 0
•C
2 co
0)
^ CP
•- ^ ^
<-* CJ
'y a
ifl 4)
«W W
IW 73
0 C
j>»
•H rM
e -3
•H J
U
> -H
C CO
f— J ^J , ,
•H S CT>
— ( oi S
sue
O* **"^
^ .
cu « y
JJ C
n) eo o
c cu
3 > C
W O -H
O co jJ
<3\
CN
o
• ' "* '
CO
co a
y eo o
co -H y J
rH JJ --1 U
0 IT) *> fl
o a s o
p*t -~ ^ ^ rfl
< < < s
SS2S
«-t »• * CD
V V
V
c
01
X
01
,c
0
y
y
_-,_
f^
>*
(0
e~
*4
>,
0)
g
I
1
— . c c c
*J ^^ ^ i*H
V > > >»
*! S 2 1
co
0
JJ
2
fl
S-l
ca fB
cu cu
JJ r-(
at y
— 3
nj C
jj --t
js o
a, o.
— H
T3
3
•H
«J
C
0
u
£2££££o£;n
V CT* C^ TT ^3* ^ l/l ^r *p
"^ «H ro
V V V V V
cu
cu
c
JQ
^•fc
fH
^
u; o) o> 01 oi
JJ C C C C CU CU
0) 01 0) 0) 0) C C
>H M N N N 01 Or
>i C C C C N N
^ at oi oi oi c c
jj «fl J3 jQ «O tt) CU
3 >* >^ ix ^ >*^ ^H
dJ 1 4) jfi ^ JM Jw ^1 ^
c -H c jj jj jj jj j; js
CU ^^ 4j CU CU CU CU JJ 4J
C
-------
•o
41
3
C
e
o
u
<
ca
a
H
g*
M.
W
£*
Z
(^
w
W
Z
(^
E-
Z
O
0
u
o
z
w
OS
M
Eb
U
>
M
^
d
OS
u
£4
Q
Z
z
0
H
f*
M*
OS
CJ
(A
M
O
z
H
*H
03
O
at
04
u
a
o
y
z
o
M
£»
1^
Ft
Du
M
W
en
CJ
*
C
Q
hi
a
pH
J£
•U
6
i
CN
*•*
01
pH
0
0
<
(*>
V
V
4)
C
i
1
^
JS
4J
g
•H
|
CN
^H
>
*
41
1
01
U
•H
4J
«J
*§.
pH
<
r-l
V
4)
e
4)
N
C
JB
^^
>•
41
>i
A
4J
£
pH
^•^
<-»
^
.C
4)
g
1
^H
U)
y
•H
JJ
1
kl
CO
V
V
41
4)
N
C
JS
^^
>
4J
4)
>i
4J
S
1
^^
V
^
£
1u
S
1
fH
-w
c
Q
^J
^4
fl
u
0
fl
z
00
pH
41
C
fl
£
^
Qj
fl
01
4)
fl
rH
5
4J
a.
ci ro ro m
VVVV
VVVV
'
4) 4)
C C
41 4)
N N
C C 4)
PHP? 1
>. >. C
" J
41 41 PH 41
e e >• c
•H — i a, 4)
U M O p*
Jj 4-1 U (fl
i i a .c
in v o •»->
* * W «C
» - 1 fl
pH pH PH ^
Si >i >^ £.
5554)
41 4) 4) S
1 1 1 1
(0 *-
ij 3
fl C
0 '^
w c
nj o
U
U —
«•
4)
!>H
o
3
C
>, .
1
r^ ro \f) &\ (*i CN oo 03 oo co 03 in c*i CN in co
v^ if) pH ^O pH CO *>O **O *iO iP ^^ in 03 fl C^ vO
pHpHrOpH 03 CNinv
V V V V V V V
0
e
2,
0
a
1
CN
1
"> PH 4)
X O •"
0 C fl
£ IQ PH
4) *J .u iq
C 0) 01 4) 01 G £<-•
4) CCC pH4)pH *JpH
4)« 0
01 JJ 4)4)4) 4)|.UC4)4J4)'-o4J
pH.C & £t a EJpHCiQC'OJJpHI
Ifl Q. -HpHpHpHI>i4)-i-l4)pH(a>iV
jr 13 ^^^opHjrOiC^flpHx^-
4J C ^J=£CI-U001-UjCr04)
.C PH CU 4J ^J *J 13 ^1 4) PH CM 01 AJ iC4>4)4).exeOl 0 £ -U -H C
flj=oigae-uoi x . o
c j-j N — i -PH — i o) £ v u i o a .c .a
>, B CU -1 4J U X 0) pH >, > ^ >pH 4) fl
.c -H .a i i i oe>£— ^axt u
4)1 >- « •> »acN4JO)0)uua—M
S(N.Q~'4) g £ J-) O.J3 M^
I » 4J » « » 1 t I 1 1 4) -H ••* -PI >i
CNpH CUpHpHpHCNpHCNCNV*J'O'CJ3^
- • i - ••
—
3J
a
w
^
w
p
-
PH CN O O m
CN J in PH in
in
41 4)
0) C
•a « o-
•H 01 JJ
W C 4)
O 41 .*
pH PH
•« ^ pH
O & >
4J J£
01 pH 4) -U
C 004)
4) 4) C hi
pH C HJ 0 PH
^. rt 1 i .—A ^.
^* W +^ *"* ^1
A -U 3 .5 £
•U 4) -3 CJ *J
4) U 1 -H 4)
g fl CN T3 S
CD
4)
pH
•H
pH
O
A-19
-------
4)
3
C
•H
4J
S
0
u
<
u
03
u
g_t
M
W
5"!
Z
Z
w
*2
<
^—
z
o
0
u
o
z
w
OS
u
?l
as
*
M
~J
^
3
o*
(X
Ed
c*
^ j
a
z
z
o
M
A
JS
o
U)
fid
a
M
S
0)
o
a:
a.
u
a
o
o
jg
o
M
£*
^
0
M
&J
)-H
C/3
<
*J
o
I
<
u
c
5
4)
0
o
u
•H
4J
1
-H
1
*H
a)
^•4
O
JS
0
o
•*
P» 00
00 U")
"o
V i«
a *J
a, .a
0 l
U >
0 JZ
A ^
4J S
1 1
^ IN
W
U 01
•H O
IT) W
X IT)
a e
•*•< o
r-( U
< <
(^
«
U? ^
p- 1
0
c
«J
§"3
u c
(N U
1 41
X >.
0 X
JT o
4) JJ
S 4)
1 1
•
1 U
>. X
II
1 1
•S'S
JJ 3
IT) C
g -H
M C
(0 0
U
1. ^^
fl
fH
o
3
C
;*
0
0.
O
r-t
^
0
2
s
1
(N
1
>
4
J=
M
O
0
.c
u
fl
u
01
s o
0 1* O
•H 4) O (*1
4J OJ O >
lH -H CM \S
O Q 3 U
0
n
T3 C
C 0
(0 -H
U C
C -H
•H S
>-( (T)
C tj
3 C
0
£ 0
0
M >H
0
en w
c
•H TJ
^r c
O fl
ft)
4) n
-H C
o 8
XI O!
41 -l
•O <-t
«a
s
U r-(
11 0)
-U JJ
« fl
J 3
II
0 tj
L, C
CJ -H
S
0
, - •*
M
0 M
•H a
•iJ •M
nj 4J
j^ ttj
/^ ss
-M B
-^ W(
< <
0
O
^
^
t.
~ 0
X
a> (N
VjJ
C V
•H
.
0
C
0
o
£
D
4J
U)
N
tfi
4)
y
41
>
o
a
^j
T)
2 41
D c:
W ^-1
It) -H
3 »] C
Cf) *"H
M -H
U -3
2 o
a. >
c
>• G
A Z
0
^J
t)
£
U
T)
• - •
(fl • U
C t)
o D
_Q ^H
l-i W CJ
fl ^ 3
CJ 0 M
^ S 4T
T) -C 0
~ — 0.
^^
•O
^
.•
H
•^
5
^
d o
O 0 0 0 O
^H ^jQ F^ rO ^
00 000 GO CO \Q
V V V
o ^r ^j* o o
0^ CD CO CO 00
V V V V V
1
1 ^
-*«« >*
"H C
>i 4)
DC JS 4)
c cu as
4) j; 41 o
N Q, C -» C
C -H 01 *4 4> 4)
0) TJ N >. JS. C
J3 1 C C O, 4)
> . 41 0) 0 M
X -t A -C M IS
o i 4) o a, c v
OlC^Cki 0 $J3
C4)~*-HjJ^l«i il-~
•HI K -H 1 0) -* -H 0 X
it) f t*^ 1 1 Q< T) 0 »C J»T
^4 >*yT ^ >Y
1 i I"? if aif
1 1 1 -H » ^
A-20
-------
-o
0)
0
o
03
w
g*
M
CO
f-
z
z
M
£
*c
e*
z
o
CJ
M
CJ
z
U
IX
cu
i,
M
a
9*
e-
M
U
^
cx
ee.
a
3
a
z
<
z
o
M
5"
S
«
en
Q
y
«
0
O
a:
a
u
a
o
CJ
z
o
ft
e-
a
^
^
h*4
V)
VI
«c
ij
CJ
t^^^v^i^^cOO^O'sO^O^^ v0 v0 CQ
PO PO p*1 ro n n <*H ro PO ro P1") n PO CH m P*I
vvvvvvvvvvvvv v v v
I
0
M U
4) "O 'O
v at c > qj -H
c a) »s^^>tJJ'-*>^^!U •»! .£
^ >• £ M >i-U >• O d- >• S >• TD ^J -— ' (/) CU
(U ^^ O ^ ^ U C CU ^ ^J 0 O C * 5^ C 1
••• O C **^ f^ Q Q ^5 ^j O 5 ^ 3 ^™^ ^> 0 2«
a >. -c >^ a- > JT u >, z, > -c >. s .13 u
0 «i" -^ C 5** 0 -C -tJ C ^J 0 -3 ^J *J i O 0
a,4)S£3a,ajIaJa,i)eS''r2!c
tn ._
o rj
•* 0)
•U 3
2 ^
0 *J
u, c
ITJ 0
O
tn z H^4Jr-CN'UjJjJJJ
V V V V
PO i^ O O 'H PO *^ T ^*
O O -* CN fN f-t O O O
V V V V VVV
(U
c
0)
* * *J
4) 1) * 4)
« « C « T3 0) 0
CO/11 0) O Q. > fl 0
— T)OO O "3 O J= >- (0
'j j;ijw«VjVji-i-iJjJ --i
•"OoeowoaiD
U ,
V)
4)
fl
'o
, -.
!
A-21
-------
» •
<:
tn
c
oqjpoo
—
^
co
-H
0
OJ
^
n.
r aromatic£
(continued)
' 'm
/nucle<
*-4
O
r>
I
1
\ I
>>
+J
••^
U
0
•••H
M
<
1
*
•a
0)
•U
o
(U
4J
Q
UJ
4J
0
z
I
a
z
^
c
.4)
iO
-
-------
TABLE A-2. REFERENCES LISTED IN TABLE A-l
1. Personal Communication. Mr. Leon Oberdick, Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources, Reading, PA.
June 21, 1979.
2. Personal Communication. Mr. John Osgood, Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources, Harrisburg, PA.
June 19, 1979.
3. Personal Communication. Mr. Thomas Massey. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA. May 17, 1979.
4. Personal Communication. Mr. Carlyle Westlund, Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources, Harrisburg, PA.
June 19, 1979.
5. Hatayama, H.K., Simmons, B.P., and R.D. Stephens. The
Stringfellow Industrial Waste Disposal Site: A Technical
Assessment of Environmental Impact. California Department
of Health Services, Berkeley, CA. March 1979.
6. Buhts, R.E., Malone, P.G., and D.W. Thompson. Evaluation of
Ultraviolet/Ozone Treatment of Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA)
Groundwater (Treatability Study). Technical Report Y-78-1,
U.S. Army Engineer Waterway Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MI. January 1978.
7. Steiner, R.L., Keenan, J.D., and A.A. Fungaroli. Demon-
strating Leachate Treatment: Report on a Full-Scale
Operating Plant. SW-758, US EPA, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, DC. May 1979.
8. US EPA, National Enforcement Investigations Center. Partial
Listing of Compounds in ABM-Wade Disposal Site Samples.
Unpublished Memorandum to US EPA Region III Enforcement
Division, Philadelphia, PA. April 25, 1979.
9. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Results
of DER Samples of Bridgeport Quarry Taken on April 23, 1979.
Unpublished Data. Pennsylvania. Department of Environmental
Resources,. Nornstown, PA. April 23, 1979.
10. Personal Communication. Mr. F.A. Jones, Jr. Redstone
Arsenal Carbon Treatment Plant. Unpublished Data. Depart-
ment of the Arny, US Army T(oxic and Hazardous Materials
Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. July 2, 1979.
A-23
-------
TABLE A-2 (continued)
11. Personal Communication. Ms. Marilyn A. Hewitt. Water Quality
Report, Special Analyses Concerning Mayer Landfill, Springfielc
Township, PA. September 28, 1980. Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources, Norristown, PA. December 26, 1980.
12. Barth, E.F. and J.M. Cohen. Evaluation of Treatability of
Industrial Landfill Leachate. Unpublished Report.
US Environmental Protection- Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
November 30, 1978.
13. Dahl, T.O. NPDES Compliance Monitoring and Water/Waste
Characterization Salsbury Laboratories/Charles City, Iowa.
EPA 330/2-78-019, US Environmental Protection Agency,
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver, CO.
November 1978.
14. US Environmental Protection Agency. Report of Investigation
Salsbury Laboratories, Charles City, Iowa. US Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Region VII Surveillance and Analyses
Division, Kansas City, MO. February 1979.
15. Atwell, J.S. Identifying and Correcting Groundwater Con-
tamination at a Land Disposal Site. In: Proceedings of
the Fourth National Congress Waste Management Technology
and Resource and Energy Recovery, Atlanta, GA.
November 1975. pp. 278-301.
16. Stroud, F.B., Wilkerson, R.T., and A. Smith. Treatment and
Stabilization of PCS Contaminated Water and Waste Oil: A
Case Study. In: Proceedings of 1973 National Conference
on Control of Hazardous Material Soills, Miami Beach, FL.
April 1978. pp. 135-144.
17. Stover, E.L. and A.A. Metry. Hazardous Solid Waste Manage-
ment Report. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources, Division of Solid Waste Management, Harrisburg,
PA. November 1976.
18. Interagency Task Force on Hazardous Wastes. Draft Report
on Hazardous Waste Disposal in Erie and Niagara Counties,
New York. SW-Pll (3/79). Interagency Task Force on
Hazardous Wastes, Albany, NY. March 1979.
19. Personal Communication. Mr. Steven Lees, US Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. August 2, 1979.
20. Beck, W.W. Jr., Evaluation,of Chemical Analyses Windham
Landfill, Windham, Connecticut. Letter to Mr. Donald E.
Sanning. US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,OH,
January 26, 1978.
21. Personal Communication. Mr. Steven Lees. Compilation of
Data Related to LiPari Landfill. US Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. August 2, 1979.
A-24
-------
TABLE A-2 (continued!
22. Personal Communication. Mr. Steven Lees. Compilation of
Love Canal Leachate Data. US Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. August 2, 1979.
23. Brezenski, F.T. Laboratory Results - Kin 3uc Landfill.
Unpublished Data in Memorandum to R.D. Spear, Chief
Surveillance and Monitoring Branch. US Environmental
Protection Agency. January 24, 1978.
24. Isacoff, E.G. and J.A. Bittner. Resin Adsorbent Takes on
Chlororganics from Well Water. Water and Sewage Works,
126 (8) : 41-42, 1979.
25. Sturino, E. Analytical Results: Samples from Story
Chemicals, Data Set Others 336. Unpublished Data.
US Environmental Protection Agency, Region V, Central
Regional Laboratory, Chicago, IL. May 1978.
26. Personal Communication. Mr. Andrew W. Hogarth. Unpub-
lished Data: Report of Sampling, Hooker Chemical Corp.
Monitoring Wells, Montague, Michigan. December 1978.
Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI.
August 7, 1979.
27. O'Brien, R.P. City of Niagara Falls, New York, Love Canal
Project. Unpublished Report. Calgon Corp., Calgon
Environmental Systems Division, Pittsburgh, PA.
28. Recra Research Inc. Priority Pollutant Analyses Prepared
for Newco Chemical Waste Systems, Inc. Unpublished Report,
Recra Research Inc., Tonawanda, NY. April 16, 1979.
29. Personal Communeiation. Ms. Deborah Mulcahey. Unpublished
Data: Analytical Results of Data Set - EDO 489, Collected
at Bofors-Lakeway, Inc., Muskegon, Michigan by U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency Region V, February 12, 1980.
Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan.
December 18, 1980.
30. Personal Communication. Ms. Deborah Mulcahey. Compilation
of Data related to Chemcentral-Detroit. Michigan Department
of Natural Resources. December 18, 1980.
A-25
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF RCRA POLLUTANTS
The Hazardous Waste and Consolidated Permit Regulations
which appeared in the May 19, 1980 Federal Register contain
three lists of hazardous wastes: (1) acute hazardous (Sec.
261.33(e)}, (2) hazardous (Appendix VII), and (3) Toxic (Sec.
261.33(f)}. These three lists are consolidated into one alpha-
betical listing in this appendix to facilitate location of a
compound. The RCRA category (1,2, or 3) above is indicated for
each compound. Multiple entries for a compound indicate that
the compound appears in more than one category.
B-l
-------
TABLE B-l. LIST OF RCRA POLLUTANTS
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Acetalaldehyde H, T
(Acetato)phenylmercury H
Acetone T
Acetonitrile H, T
3-(alpha-AcetonylbenzyD- H, A
4-hydroxycoumarin and
salts
Acetophenone T
2 Acetylaminofluorene H, T
Acetyl Chloride H, T
l-Acetyl-2-thiourea A, H
Acrolein A, H
Acrylamide H, T
Acetylene tetrachloride T
Acetylenetrichloride T
Acrylic acid T
Acrylonitrile H, T
AEROTHENE TT T
Aflatotoxins H
Agarin A
Agrosan GN 5 A
Aldicarb A
Aldifen A
Aldrin A, H
Algimycin A
Allyl alcohol A, H
Aluminum phosphide A, H
ALVIT A
4-Aminobiphenyl H
6-Amino-l,la,2,8,8a, H, T
8b-hexahydro-8-(hydroxy-
methyl)-8a-methoxy-5-
(methylcarbamate azirino
(2',3':3,4) pyrrolo
(l,2-a)indole-4,7-
doine(ester)
(Mitomycin C)
Aminoethylene -- A
S-(Aminomethyl)-3- H, A
isoxazolol
4-Aminopyridine A, H
Amitrole H, T
Ammonium metavanadate A
Ammonium picrate A
Aniline T
Antimony and Compounds,
N.O.S.1 H
ANTIMUCIN WDR A
ANTURAT A
AQUATHOL A
Aramite H
ARETIT A
Arsenic and compounds, H
N.O.S.
Arsenic acid A, H
Arsenic pentoxide A, H
Arsenic trioxide A, H
Asbestos T
Athrombin A
Auramine H, T
AVITROL A
Azaserine H, T
Aziridene A
AZOFOS A
Azophos A
BANTU A
Barium and compounds, H
N.O.S.
Barium cyanide A, H
BASENITE A
BCME A
Benz[c]acridine H, T
Benz[a]anthracene H
Benzal chloride T
Benzene H, T
Benzenearsonic acid H
Benzenesulfonyl chloride T
Behzeriethiol A, H
Benzidine H, T
1,2-8enzisothiazolin-3- T
one, 1,1-dioxide
BenzoCajanthracene ' H, T
(continued)
B-2
-------
TABLE B-l (continued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Grouo
Benzo[b]fluoranthene H
Benzofjjfluoranthene H
Benzo[a]pyrene H, T
Benzoepin (Endosulfan) A
Benzocrichloride H, T
Benzyl chloride H
Beryllium and compounds H
N.O.S.
Beryllium dust - A
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) H, T
methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether H T
N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)- H T
2-naphthylamine
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) H, T
ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ether A, H
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) H, T
phthalate
BLADAN-M A
Bromoacetone A, H
Bromomethane H, T
4-Bromophenyl phenyl H, T
ether
Brucine A, H
2-Brutanone peroxide A, H
BUFEN A
Butaphene A
n-Butyl alcohol T
Butyl benzyl phthalate H
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dini- A, H
tro-phenol (DNBP)
Cadmium and compounds, H
N.O.S.
Calcium chromate H, T
Calcium cyanide A, H
CALDON A
Carbolic acid T
Carbon disulfide A", H
Carbon tetrachloride T
Carbonyl fluoride T
CERESAN A
CERESAN UNIVERSAL A
CHEMOX GENERAL A
CHEMOX P.E. A
CHEM-TOL A
Chloral T
Chlorambucil H, T
Chlordane T
Chlordane (alpha and H
gamma isomers)
Chlorinated benzenes, H
N.O.S.
Chlorinated ethane, H
N.O.S.
Chlorinated naphtha- H
lene, N.O.S.
Chlorinated phenol, H
N.O.S.
Chloroacetaldehyde A, H
Chloroalkyl ethers H
p-Chloroaniline A, H
Chlorobenzene H, T
Chlorobenzilate H, T
l-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)-5- A, H
methoxy-2-methylindole-
3-acetic acid
p-Chloro-m-cresol H, T
Chlorodibromomethane T
l-Chloro-2,3-epoxy- H
butane
l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypro- T
pane
CHLOROETHENE NU T
Chloroethyl vinyl ether T
2-Chloroethyl vinyl H
ether
Chloroethene T
Chloroform H, T
Chloromethane H, T
Chloromethyl methyl H, T
ether
(continued)
B-3
-------
TABLE B-l (concinued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Comoound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
2-Chloronaphthalene H, T
2-Chlorophenol H, T
1-(o-Chlorophenyl) A, H
thiourea
3-Chloropropionitrile A, H
alpha-Chlorocoluene A, H
Chlorotoluene, N.O.S. H
4-Chloro-o-toluidine T
hydrochloride
Chromium and compounds, H
N.O.S.
Chrysene H T
C.I. 23060 T
Citrus red No.2 H
Copper cyanide A, H
Creosote H, T
Cresols T
CRETOX A
Coumadin A
Coumafen A
Cresylic acid T
Crotonaldehyde H T
Cumene ' T
Cyanides (soluble salts A, H
and complexes), N.O.S.
Cyanogen A, H
Cyanogen bromide A, H
Cyanogen chloride A, H
Cyanomethane T
Cycasin H
Cyclodan A
Cyclohexane T
Cyclohexanone T
2-Cyclohexyl-4 6-dini- A, H
trophenol
Cyclophosphamide H, T
D-CON A -
Daunomycin H, T
DETHMOR A
DETHNEL A
ODD H, T
DDE
DDT
DFP
Diallate
Dibenz[a
1
1 /
3 ,
1 /
H
H,
A
H,
H
H
H
T
T
T
hjacridine
Dibenzfa,j Jacridine
Dibenz(a,h]anthracene
(Dibenzofa,h]anthra-
cene)
7H-Dibenzo[c,g] H
carbazole
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene H
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene H
Dibenzofa,i]pyrene H,
Dibromochloromethane T
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloro- H,
propane
1,2-Dibromoethane H,
Dibromomethane H,
Di-n-butyl-phthalate H,
Dichlorobenzene, N.O.S. H
1,2-Dichlorobenzene T
,3-Dichlorobenzene T
,4-Dichlorobenzene T
,3 '-Dichlorobenzidine H,
4-Dichloro-2-butene T
3,3'-Dichloro-4/4'- T
diaminobiphenyl
Dichlorodifluoromethane T
1,1-Dichloroethane H
1,2-Dichloroethane H,
crans-1,2-Dichloroethane H
Dichloroethylene, N.O.S.H
1,1-Dichloroethylene H, T
1,2-trans-dichloro- T
ethylene
Dichloromethane H, T
Dichloromethylbenzene T
2 4-Dichlorophenol H,
2 6-Dichlorophenol If,
T
T
T
T
(continued)
B-4
-------
TABLE B-l (concinued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollucanc
Group
Compound
RCRA
PoLlucant
Group
2 ,4-Dichlorophenoxy-
acetic acid
Dichlorophenylarsine
Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Dichloropropanol , N.O.S.
Dichloropropene , N.O.S.
1,3-Dichloropropene
Dicyanogen
Dieldrin
DIELDREX
Diepoxybutane
Diethylarsine
0,0-Diethyl-S-[2-(ethyl-
chio) ethyljester of
phosphothioic acid
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
0, 0-Diethyl-S-methyl-
ester phosphorodichioic
acid
0,0-Diethylphosphoric
acid/ 0-p-nitrophenyl
ester
Diethyl phthalate
0,0-Diethyl-0-(2-pyra-
zinyDphosphorothioate
0,0-Diethyl phosphoric
acid, 0-p-nitrophenyl
ester
Diethyl stilbestrol
Dihydrosafrole
3/ 4-Dihydroxy-alpha-
(methylamino)-methyl
benzyl alcohol
Di-isopropylfluorophos-
phate (DFP)
DIMETATE (Dimethoate)
A, H 1,4:5 8-Dimethanonaph- A
thalene, 1,2,3,4,
A, H 10,10-Hexachloro-l,4,
H 4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro
H, T endo , endo
H Dimethaoate A, H
H 3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine H, T
H, T Dimethylamine T
A p-Dimethylaminoazoben- H, T
A, H zene
A 7,12-Dimethylbenzfa] H, T
H, T anthracene
A, H 3,3-Dimethylbenzidine H, T
A, H alpha, alpha-Dimethyl- T
benzylhydroperoxide
Dimethylcarbamoyl H, T
H, T chloride
H, T 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine H, T
1/2-DimethyLhydrazine H, T
3*3-Dimethyl-l-(methyl- A, H
H thio)-2-butanone-0-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]
oxime
H, T DimethyInitrosoamine H, T
A, H alpha, alpha-Dimethyl- A, H
phenethylamine
A 2,4-Dimethylphenol H, T
Dimethyl phthalate H, T
Dimethyl sulfate H, T
H, T Dinitrobenzene, N.O.S. H
H, T Dinitrocyclohexyl- A
A, H phenol
4/6-Dinitro-o-cresol A, H
and salts
A, H 2,4-Dinitrophenol A, H, T
;' 2,4-Dihitrotoluene H, T
A 2/6-Dinitrotoluene H, T
Di-n-octylphthalate H, T
DINOSEB A
(continued)
B-5
-------
TABLE B-l (continued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Grouo
DINOSEBE A
1 ,4 Dioxane H , T
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine H, T
Dipropylamine T
Di-n-propylnicrosamine H, T
Disulfoton A, H
2,4 Dichiobiurec A, H
DNBP A
DOLCO MOUSE CEREAL A
DOW GENERAL A
DOW GENERAL WEED KILLER A
DOW SELECTIVE WEED A
KILLER
DOWICIDE G A
DYANICIDE A
EASTERN STATES SUOCIDE A
ELGETOL A
EBDC T
Endosulfan A/ H
Endrin A
Endrin and metabolites H
Epichlorohydrin H
Epinephrine A
1 ,4-Epoxybutane T
Ethyl acetate T
Ethyl acrylate T
Ethyl cyanide A, H
Ethylenebisdithiocar- H, T
bamate (EBDC)
Ethylenediamine A, H
Ethyleneinline A, H
Ethylene oxide H , T
Ethylene thiourea H, T
Ethyl ether T
Ethylmethacrylate T
Ethylmethanesulfonate H , T
Ethylnitrile T
FASCO FASCRAT POWDER A
FEMMA A
Ferric cyanide A
Firemaster T23P T
Fluoranthene H, T
Fluorine A, H
2-Fluoroacetamide A, H
Fluoroacecic acid, A, H
sodium salt
Fluorotrichloromethane T
Formaldehyde H, T
FOLODOL-80 A
FOLODOL-M A
Formic acid T
FOSFERNOM A
FRATOL A
Fulminate of mercury A
FUNGITOX OR A
Furan T
Furfural T
FUSSOF A
GALLOTOX A
GEARPHOS A
GERUTOX A
Glycidylaldehyde H , T
Halomethane , N.O.S. H
Heptachlor A H
Heptachlor epoxide H
(alpha , beta , and gamma
isomers)
Hexachlorobenzene H , T
Hexachlorobutadiene H , T
Hexachlorocyclohexane H , T
(all isomers)
Hexachlorocyclopenta- H , T
diene
Hexachloroethane H , T
1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexa- A, H
chloro-1,4 ,4a ,5 /8 >
. 8a-hexahydro-l ,4: 5/8-
endo , endo-dimethanona-
phthalene
Hexachlorophene T
(continued)
B-6
-------
TABLE B-l (continued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexa- A
chloro-cyclic-5-nor-
bornene-2, 3-dimethanol
sulfice
Hexachloropropene A, H
Hexaechyl tetraphosphate A, H
HOSTAQUICK or HOSTAQUIK A
Hydrazine H, T
Hydrazomethane A
Hydrocyanic acid A, H
Hydrofluoric acid T
Hydrogen sulfide H, T
Hydroxybenzene T
Hydroxydimethyl arsine T
oxide
ILLOXOL A
4 ,4-(Imidocarbonyl) T
bis(N, N-dimethyl)
aniline
Ideno (1,2,3-c,d) H, T
pyrene
INDOCI A
Indomethacin A
INSECTOPHENE A
lodomethane H, T
Iron Dextran T
Isobutyl alcohol T
Isocyanic acid methyl A/ H
ester
Isodrin A
Isosafrole H » T
Kepone H / T
KILOSEB A
KOP-THIODAN A
KWIK-KIL A
KWIKSAU A
KUMADER A..
Lasiocarpine - H/ T
Lead and Compounds / H
N. 0. S.
Lead acetate
Lead phosphate H, T
Lead subacetate H, T
LEYTOSAN A
LIQUIPHENE A
Maleic anhydride H, T
Maleic hydrazide T
Malononitrile H, T
MALIK
MAREVAN
MAR-FRIN A
MARTIN'D MAR-FRIN A
MAVERAN A
MEGATOX A
MEK Peroxide T
Melphalan H, T
Mercury and Compounds, H
N.O.S.
Mercury T
Mercury fulminate A
MERSOLITE A
METACID 50 A
MATAFOS A
METAPHOR A
METAPHOS A
METASOL 30 A
Methacronylonitrile T
Methanethiol 1
Methanol T
Methapyrilene H, T
Methorny1 A, H
2-Methylaziridine A, H
Methyl chlorocarbonate T
Methyl chloroform T
3-Methylcholanthrene H, T
Methyl chloroformate T
METHYL-E 605 A
4... 4.rMethylene-bis-(2- H, T
chloroaniline)
Methyl ethyl ketone H, T
[MEK]
(continued)
B-7
-------
TABLE B-L (continued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Compound
RCRA
Polluta:
Grouc
Methyl ethyl ketone T
peroxide
Methyl hydrazine A, H
Methyl iodide T
Methyl isobutyl ketore T
Methyl isocyanate A
2-Methyllactonitrile A, H
Methyl methacrylate H, T
Methyl methanesulfonate H
2-Methyl-2-(methylthio) A, H
propionaldehyde-o-
(methylcarbonyl) oxime
N-Methyl-N-nitro-N- H, T
nitrosoguanidine
METHYL NIRON A
Methyl parathion A , H
Methylthiouracil H , T
METRON A
Mitomycin C T
MOLE DEATH A
MOUSE-NOTS A
MOUSE-RID A
MOUSE-TOX A
MUSCIMOL A
Mustard gas H
Naphthalene H, T
1,4-Naphthoquinone H, T
1-Naphthylamine H, T
2-Naphthylamine H, T
l-Naphthyl-2-thiourea A, H
Nickel and compounds , H
N.O.S.
Nickel carbonyl A, H
Nickel cyanide A, H
Nicotine and salts A, H
Nitric oxide A', H
p-Nitroaniline ' A, H
Nitrobenzene H, T
Nitrobenzol T
Nitrogen dioxide A, H
Nitrogen mustard and H
hydrochloride salt
Nitrogen mustard N-oxide H
and hydrochloride salt
Nitrogen perioxide A, H
Nitrogen tetroxide A, H
Nitroglycerine A , H
4-Nitrophenol H, T
2-Nitropropane T
4-Nitroquinoline-l-oxide H
Nitrosamine , N.O.S. H
N-Nitrosodi-N-butylamine H, T
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine H, T
N-Nitrosodiethylamine H, T
N-Nitrosodimethylamine -A, H
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine A, H
N-Nitrosodi-N-propyla- H, T
mine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea H, T
N-Nitrosomethylethyla- H
mine
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea H, T
N-Nitroso-N-methyl- H, T
urethane
N-Nitrosomethylvinyla- A, H
mine
N-Nitrosomorpholine H
N-Nitrosohornicotine H
:i-Nitrosopiperidine H, T
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine H, T
N-Nitrososarcosine H
5-Nitro-o-toluidine H, T
NYLMERATE A
OCTALOX A
Octamethylpyrophos- A, H
' 'pho'ramide
OCTAN A
Oleyl alcohol condensed A, H
with 2 moles ethylene
oxide
OMPA A
(continued)
B-8
-------
TABLE B-l (continued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollucanc
Group
Compound
RCRA
Pollucanc
Groun
OMPACIDE A
OMPAX A
Osmium Cetroxide A , H
7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1] A,H
hepcane-2 / 3-dicarbox-
ylic acid
PANIVARFIN A
PANORAM A
PANTHERINE - A
PANWARFIN A
Paraldehyde T
Parathion A, H
PCNB T
PGP A
PENNCAP-M A
PENOXYL CARBON N A
Pentachlorobenzene H, T
Pentachloroethane H, T
Pentachloronitrobenzene H, T
(PCNB)
Pentachlorophenol A, H
Pentachlorophenate A
1/3-Pentadiene T
PENTAKILL A
PENTASOL A
PENWAR A
PERMICIDE A
PERMAGUARD A
PERMATOX A
PERMITS A
PERTOX A
Perc • T
PerchloroeChylene T
PESTOX A
Phenacecin H, T
PHENMAD A
Phenol H, T
PHENOTAN A
Phenyl dichloroarsine A; H
Phenyl mercaptan A
Phenylmercury aceCace A, H
N-Phenylchiourea A, H
PHILIPS 1861 A
PHIX A
Phorace A
Phosgene A, H
Phosphine A, H
Phosphorothioic acid, A, H
0 ,0-dimethyl ester ,
0-ester with N,
N-dimethyl benezene
sulfonamide
Phosphorothioic acid 0, A
O-dimethyl-0-(p-nitro-
phenyl) ester
Phosphorous sulfide T
Phthalic acid esters, H
N.O.S.
Phthalic anhydride H, T
2-Picoline T
PIED PIPER MOUSE SEED A
Polychlorinated bi- H
phenyl, N.O.S.
Potassium cyanide A, H
Potassium silver cyanide A, H
PREMERGE A
Pronamide H, T
1/2-Propanediol A, H
1/3-Propane sultone H, T
Propargyl alcohol A
Propionitrile A, H
n-Propylamine T
Propylthiouracil H
2-Propyn-l-ol A, H
PROTHROMADIN A
Pyridine H, T
QUICKSAM A
Quinones T
QUINTOX A
RAT 'AND MICE BAIT A
RAT-A-WAY A
RAT-B-GON A
(continued)
B-9
-------
TABLE B-l (continued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Groun
RAT-0-CIDE n A
RAT-GUARD A
RAT-KILL A
RAT-MIX A
RATS-NO-MORE A
RAT-OLA A
RATOREX A
RATTUNAL A
RAT-TROL A
RO-DETH A
RO-DEX A
ROSEX A
ROUGH AND READY MOUSE A
MIX
Reserpine H, T
Resorcinol T
Saccharin H, T
Safrole H, T
SANASEED A
SANTOBRITE A
SANTOPHEN A
SANTOPHEN 20 A
SCHRADAN A
Selenious acid H, T
Selenium and compounds , H
N.O.S.
Selenium sulfide H, T
Selenourea A, H
Silver and compounds, H
N.O.S.
Silver cyanide A, H
Silvex T
SMITE A
SPARIC A
SPOR-KIL A
SPRAY-TROL BRAND RODEN- A
TROL
SPURGE A"
Sodium azide ' A
Sodium coumadin A
Sodium cyanide A, H
Sodium fluoracetate A
SODIUM WARFARIN A
SOLFARIN A
SOLFOBLACK BB A
SOLFOBLACK SB A
Streptozotocin H, T
Strontium sulfide A, H
Strychnine and salts A H
SUBTEX A
SYSTAM A
2,4,5-T T
TAG FUNGICIDE A
TEKWAISA A
TEMIC A
TEMIK A
TERM-I-TROL A
1 ,2 ,4 ,5-Tetrachloro- H , T
benzene
2 ,3 ,7 ,8-Tetrachloro- H
dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
Tetrachloroethane H
N.O.S.
1,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrachloro- H
echane
1 ,1 ,2 ,2-T'etrachloro H,T
ethane
Tetrachloroethene H , T
Tetrachloroethylene H , T
Tetrachloromethane H , T
2,3 ,4 ,6-Tetrachloro- H, T
phenol
Tetraethyldithiopyro- A, H
phosphate
Tetraethyl lead A, H
Tetraetnylpyrophosphate A, H
Tetrahydrofuran T
Te_tranitromethane A
Te~traphosphoric acid, A
hexaethyl ester
TETROSULFUR BLACK PB A
TETROSULPHUR PBR A
(continued)
B-10
-------
APPENDIX C
UNIT PROCESS SUMMARIES -
SANITARY LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT
Appendix C contains summaries of the treatment of sanitary
landfill leachate by the following processes:
• chemical oxidation
• chemical precipitation
• ion exchange
• reverse osmosis
Several applications using different oxidizing agents, coagu-
lants, and exchange resins are presented. These results should
not be related directly to hazardous waste leachate treatment.
However/ they do provide an indication of treatment effectiveness
and represent another reference point which can be used in treat-
ment process formulation. Tables C-l through C-24 were prepared
by Monsanto Research Corporation for use in this manual.
C-l
-------
oi.
Parameter
Dosage C12
Dosage NaClO
COD
Parameter
Dosage C12
Dosage NaClO
COD
Concentration,
ma/La
Influent Effluent
0 65.5
0 3,430
330 220
Concentration,
mo;/L*
Influent Effluent
0 47.6
0 2,500
270 120
Cook and
Percent
removal
33
Cook and
Percent
removal
56
Forse
Concentration,
ma/I.
Influent Effluent
0 566
0 2,970
320 260
Foree
Concentration,
rao;/La
Influent Effluent
0 310
0 1,630
290 90
Percent
removal
19
Percent
removal
69
Note: Blanks indicate parameter not determined.
aChlorine dosages provided by liquid chlorine bleach.
Except dosage C12 in oL/L.
C-2
-------
TABLE B-l (continued)
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Group
Compound
RCRA
Pollutant
Grouo
Thallium and compounds ,
N.O.S.
Thallic oxide
Thallium acetate
Thallium carbonate
Thallium nitrate
Thallium peroxide
Thallium selenite
Thallium sulfate
THIFOR
THIMUL
Thiocetamide
THIODAN
THIOFOR
THIOMUL
THIONEX
THIOPHENIT
Thiosemicarbazide
Thiosulfan tionel
Thiourea
Thiuram
THOMPSON'S WOOD FIX
TIOVEL
Toluene
Toluenediamine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Toluene diisocyanate
Tolylene diisocyanate
Toxaphene
2,4,5-TP
Tribromomethane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Tr.ichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloromethanethiol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
H
A, H
H, T
H, T
H, T
A
A, H
A, H
A
A
H, T
A
A
A
A
A
A, H
A
H, T
A, H
A
A
H, T
H, T
H, T
T
H
H, T
T
H, T
H
H, T
H T
H, T
H, T
T
A, H
H, T
H, T
2,4,5-Trichloro- H, T
phenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichloro- H
phenoxypropionic acid
2,4,5-Trichloro- T
phenoxypropionic acid
alpha, alpha, alpha-
Trichlorotoluene
Trichloropropane, N.O.S. H
TRI-CLENE T
0,0,0-Triethyl phos- H
phorothioate
Trinitrobenzene H, T
Tris(l-azridinyl) H
phosphine sulfide
Tris(2,3-dibromo- H, T
propyl) phosphate
Trypan blue H, T
TWIN LIGHT RAT AWAY A
Uracil mustard H, T
Urethane H, T
USAF-RH-8 A
USAF EK-4890 A
Vanadic acid , ammonium A , H
salt
Vanadium pentoxide A
Vanadium pentoxide H
(dust)
Vinyl chloride H , T
VOFATOX A
WANADU A
WARCOUMIN A
WARFARIN SODIUM A
WARFICIDE A
WOFOTOX A
Xylene T
YANOCK A
YASOKNOCK A
ZIARNIK A
Zinc cyanide A , H
Zinc "phbspide A, H
ZOOCOUMARIN A
B-ll
-------
TABLE B-l (concinued)
1. The abbreviation N.O.S. signifies those members of the general
class "not otherwise specified" by name in this listing.
a. RCRA Pollutant Groups:
A. Acute hazardous
[Sec. 261.33 (e)l
H. Hazardous
[Appendix VIII]
T. Toxic
[Sec. 261.33 (f)]
B-12
-------
TABLE C-2. CHLORINE TREATMENT OF RAW LEACHATE [2,3]
Chian and DeWalle
Parameter
Dosage
COD
pH initial
pH final
TS
Chloride
Iron
Parameter
Dosage
COD
pH initial
pH final
TS
Chloride
Iron
Concentration, rag/L
Influent Effluent
0 2,000
4,800 3,740
Concen-
tration,
mg/L Percent
Effluent removal
800
286 16
2.0
7.0
3,060 -r
1,220 -
ND >99
* Percent
removal
22
Ho, et al
Concen-
tration,
mg/L*
Effluent
1,200
257
1.75
7.0
4,200
1,900
ND
Ho, et al.
Concentration, mg/L
Influent
0
341
7.0
7.0
482
98.6
3.7
.
Percent
removal
25
"K
>99
Effluent
400
297
2.2
7.0
1,960
768
0.2
Concen-
tration,
mg/L*
Effluent
1,540
316
1.6
7.0
5,142
2,280
ND
* Percent
removal
13
-
95
Percent
removal
7.3
b"
m
>99
Note: BlanJu indicate parameter not determined.
TABLE C-3. CHLORINE AND CALCIUM HTPOCHLORITE TREATMENT OF RAW LEACHATE [2]
Chian and DeWalle
Parameter
Concentration,
mg/L Percent
Influent Effluent removal
Do«ag« C12 0
Do«age Ca (C10)2 0
COO 139
1,000
139
Noti: Blanks indicate parameter not determined.
C-3
-------
TABLE C-4. CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE TREATMENT OF RAW LEACHATE [3
Concentration,
Parameter
Dosage
COD
pH initial
pH final
TS
Iron
Parameter
Dosage
COD
pH initial
pH final
TS
Iron
raq/L
Influent
0
1,465
7.8
7.0
1,748
35
Concen-
tration,
rng/L*
Effluent
8,000
762
9.0
7.0
9,274
M3
a
Effluent
1,000
1,420
3.0
7.0
2,478
M)
Percent
removal
48
>99
Percent
removal
3.1
h
«
>99
Ho, et
Concen-
tration,
mg/L*
Effluent
12,000
908
9.9
7.0
13,910
•M3
Concen-
tration,
mg/La
Effluent
2,000
1,420
7.95
7.0
3,268
%o
al.
Percent
removal
38
>99
Percent
removal
3.1
•
>99
Concen-
tration,
mg/L
Effluent
15,000
1.000
10.2
7.0
16,700
•MJ
Concen-
tration,
mg/La
Effluent
4,000
1,126
8.15
7.0
5,392
^0
Percent
removal
32
>99
Percent
removal
23
>99
Note: Blanks indicate parameter not determined.
except for pH in pH units and hardness in ng/L CaC03.
Negative percent removal.
C-4
-------
C-5
-------
01
I!
H
6
i
s
U
c §• §S ^^SS^
Ssd ts. ^85
u
£u
°s
•"» •* J.
* 3J ! 2
2«,,-*-_Sc2
1
•o «-I
s s «
a<5
51
I §3
C -•*
SI S
O P*
!•
S
*«
«
w
« M
^ C
i .1!
• *. —
b
V
u ••» -^
a . -
j 4j
- i
§
„ U
u
§ §
C-6
-------
TABLE C-7- LIME TREATMENT OF RAW LEACHATE [L. 2, 3. 4]
Caak
and Tarn
CaoewitrjCioo.
•a/L Pvretat
Firwnttr
COO
7JOC
TU
WJ
M
MO
Ort&epbMphormu
AUtal laity
QdarlM
Iron
PiriMttr
Oawg.
COO
P«
IOC
TSS
TS
01
MO
OrtltopliMpliaraus
UlullalCT
OUarld*
IMB
PiriMttr
Om.4.
000
P*
toe
m
n
m
OS
OrtftapoMpterou*
OUori*
Iran
:n«utnt
0
17.000
U.O
545
IffluMC
trttiom.
•«/lr
1.2M
10.300
10.5
4, »00
3.200
S4»
0.5
(fllMac
tritioB.
2.700
$15
u.o
4.174
2.150
MB
Ilflucnt rt*ov*l
2.740
14. WO 13
10.1
7* M
0
I/fllMflt
Fvrcut trauga,
_^^M^__ J ^*m/T
mC^VA •Or b
1.3*»
4.1 10.700
U.O
1.7 4.130
-? 3.2»0
-• $72
>** 0.5
Ho.
' HO. «C <1.
Ittiatat
Caeetatrttiaa. canen-
•q/L P«retnt cration.
!o/lu«nt
0
10. MO
4.25
2,220
502
325
rcretat
0.93
.b
^b
•"
>*f
• C 4l.
d
rtixMt SAI*"""'
r««ow«l Ia/lumt
0
7.7 344
l.»5
21 4.171
17 1,730
>«» 15.0
ttllutni
470
344
10.0
4,110
1.400
MD
llflumat r'.mivti BQ/L
170 1.020
10, iOO 1.1 10,400
».o «.s
2.700 -? 3.020
330 - 335
3 M 1
Ha. it «i.
UfliMat U/IUMC
CQQ£4O* COBCV0*
triUoa. Ptrnac tritioo.
M/l4 r*Mrr«l ao/L*
1,400 1.440
10,000 4.5 10,420
U.5 U.O
7,540 -b 7,470
3, MO -* 3.920
5t3 - 40«
0.5 >*l 0.5
Ufluat
C0BC4B*
P*reMt trittoa, f«re«ut
noevtl M/t' r«ov«l
1.400
0 240 29
U.5
3.2 3.490 13
7.5 1.170 3.$
>« NO >M
I^llMOC
conetn-
rtreuc tricijo, rtretnt
1.150
3.7 l.»70 7.7
10.0
b b
> J'?H >
>M 0.5 >M
Cane »ntr|t Ion, e
Ptreme ««/L Ptcctnt
riaDvil tn/lu«nc Ifflvmnt rtnovil
0 1.040 s
3.3 S5J $43 -°
7.7J »,0
-" 4.111 3,340 14
.b
IK
- 2,540 2.240 13
>M 20.0 1.7 12
(coacuiiMd)
C-7
-------
TABLE C-7 (continued)
I/fliMat
CO
Ouan «nd 5««ali«
Cffltuut
eoncra-
Iffluaac
eoneto-
Sffluant
eoncaa-
.>««•.«••«"•,
Man. Mrcut t ration. P«rc«nt tration. Pireant tration. f«rc«nt
/I rtatrnl »a/L r««oval aq/l. r«»ov«l io/L reaoral
.gy^:
?«r:tnt
refflevai
1.000
COO
PH
roe
TU
TS
M
MO
Ort&opteaphareiu
altalbittr
i.aoo
•.«
7(0
:.ooo
7M
4.000
*«0
10.S
44XJ
S.J
faaeao-
tratija.
Oe««9( t.OOO
COO
pM U.«
TOC 4M
TJ»
TS
M
KM
OtthaaWiaxpriorauai
OUarlo*
Iron
CM*n uxl 0««all»
Ijf X lUaVOt tf t^ t*al^*l*« Cf £XlMftC
fareaat trauma, fcreaac tratijn. Mrcaat tratioo. r*re*ne
7.000 7. MO 1.000
U.I 12.2 12.2
U «JO U UO LI tOO 17
Nac*i IJUnju Indicate p*r*«ie«r act 4at«r»U>«i.
MD - not dtctcttd.
*Iae«p( for pN ut pw vadu and tlXaiiaJ.tr IB "fl/t C«CO,.
p«re«nc
Lia« tr«aea«at
(fflumt.
rattle di^Mtdr »fflu«ai(
filUr •/fluent.
by ««rat»4
C-8
-------
TABUC-8.
Dosage lime
Dosage FeCl3
cD0°r*
pH initial
PH final
TSS
VSS
0
0
0
17,000
544
1,640
1,000
1,450
15,100
8.0
6.2
150
75
11
72
?H units.
TABLE C-9.
LIME AND POLYMER TREATMENT
OF RAW LEACHATE
Dosage lime
COO
PH initial
PH final
TSS
VSS
Orthophosphorus
Note:Blanks indicate parameter not determined.
*EjCC«Ot nH •!" -" -—'-
*Ejcc«pt pH in pH units.
C-9
-------
TABLE C-10. LIME AND ALUM TREATMENT
OF RAW LEACHATE [2, 3 ]
Ho
Parameter
Dosage lime
Dosage alum
COD
pH initial
pH final
TSS
VSS
Orthophosphorus
, et al.
Concentration,
raa/La Percent
Influent Effluent removal
0 1,640
0 600
17,000 14,800
8.0
6.5
544 111 SO
71
0.072
Chian and DeWalle
Concentration,
raoYL*
Influent Effluent
4,800 2,280
Percent
removal
40
Note: Blanks indicate parameter not determined.
except pH in pH units.
TABLE Oil. LIME AND AERATION TREATMENT
OF RAW LEACHATE [2]
Chian and DeWalle
Concentration,
rnq/L* Percent
Parameter Influent Effluent removal
Dosage
COD
0
1,240
1.140
Note: BlanJcs indicate parameter not
determined.
^Except for dosage in tnL saturated line/L.
C-10
-------
TABLE C-12. UK AND 020NE TREATMENT OF RAW LEACHATZ f 5 ,
Parameter
Dosage lime
Dosage ozone
COO
pH
TOC
TSS
TDS
Aluminum
Calcium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Phosphorous
Potassium
Silicon
Sodium
Zinc
Concentration,
mq/L*
Influent Effluent
0 1,200
0 98
14,000 9,210
5.3
5,200
6,992
0.40
570
1.14
2.10
0.39
47
10.1
0.165
156
36.3
ISO
12.5
BjorJonan and Mavinic
Effluent
concen-
Percent tration, Percent
removal mq/L removal
2,350
247
34
3
0.017 96
0.66 99
trace
114 27
0.003 >99
Effluent
concen-
tration,
mo-/L
2,900
108
2,740
0.036
0.010
Percent
removal
47
>99
:
-------
<*•»
a
•
u
«. •»
••»
is-
9 r»
Iff.
?8*-rss»
-- *r. 82"
•
-------
TABLE C-14. ALUM AND AERATION TREATMENT
OF RAW LEACHATE [2]
Chian and DeWalle
Concentration,
rcg/L Percent
Parameter Influent Effluent removal
Dosage 0 ISO
COD 1,234 1.110 11
Note: Blanks indicate parameter not
determined.
TABLE C-1S. SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATMENT
OF RAW LEACHATE [1]
Cook
Parameter
Dosage
COD
pH initial
pH final
TSS
vss
Orthopho spho rus
and Fore*
Concentration,
mcr/L*
Influent Effluent
0 2,660
17,000 15,400
11.0
10.7
544 S3
36
0.024
Percent
removal
9.4
39
Note: Blanks indicate parameter not determined.
*Except pH in pH units.
C-13
-------
on
S
g
•d
I
Ob
O
H
til
P
W
M
2
ta>
3
S
I
VO
^J
•wf
to
M •
U S
S
f Ȥ"-,
3 It ••» ••
— U M !
S3 2 *
MUM
e "
u i
U |
41 I
a> w
C i am
5S|<
E a * '
SUM
e "
it >
Si
0 1 C
3s o«
• ••» -1
rt U M «•«,
• o •» o r«
wn — « -a wi » m ix
• * «
O f» 01
o *,•«, »o
»
O o ^ o O »** in
o o • a o o rt
A A A
i i i <* a
e>
a a 4 o a i» m
m 1/1 o >4 a >*
O P» 01
« *,*,*, «
in
aS"»SsS
o r- ix
n i i 4 o
a a <« a o 9« •«
rt Ol o f^ O *••
e 9 <« 9 oi at in
01 o » a rt
id 01 » A w
o it- 4 C —
~~
S*
fid
H
2
I
2
3
Cb
O
M
1
!
a
*»
g
u
i
. f S
i :
•*• ^ •
1 O* f*1*
If ^1
M a 1
-S 5 o
I 1 3
"* "S
52 H
'1-
a 3 «
rf *rf M
5 § -
^ M
s as a
u
« - i ••
- s *
4
«
S
it :
u <
- I
u u
a. b
|i?L
rt u ^ (
MUM
a "
u <
u i
e i M
3 a -2 J
c "
21
IsJfe
|||3
c ^5
5 1
0. k.
:jfS
M U **
a ?
*» fl
41 U
a* w
M
f 1
•^ »*•
w*_l **
s|«
w i c
1 J
u C
e
•M
U
V
.. 1
2
"a|J3|
g 9 m r> o o a o v m
rt • 01 vj
O in i 01
So «5 -a o a a
*4» of O 2 ^
<*» *-i O **
dM; Q (*,)
Q
II""*!!*
43 -« O|
a e o -a a 3 »
ix r» o a
9 01 IX*
-
M «• a
a — = -5
9> e — • w
• -M «. o a
•S § s s «» "" 2
•ined.
1
j
V
|
2,
I!
• e
c ""
.. fr
V U
) (>J
X ••»
A >
• s a
014
-------
TABLE C-18. FERROSULFATE TREATMENT OF
RAW LEACHATE [2]
Chian and DeWalle
Concentration,
mg/L Percent
Parameter Influent Effluent removal
Dosage 0 2,500
COO 4,800 4,100 13
Note.- SlankJ indicate parameter not
determined.
TABLE O19. IRON AND AERATION TREATMENT
OF RAW LEACHATE [2]
Chian and DeWalle
Concentration,
mq/La Percent
Parameter Influent Effluent removal
Dosage 0 1,000
COD 139 139 0
Note: Blanks indicate parameter not
determined.
C-15
-------
TABLS c-20. ANION EXCHANGE TREATMENT OF RAW LEACHATE [4]
Chi an and DeWalle
Parameter
COO
pH initial
pH final
TOC
Resin type
COO
pH initial
pH final
TOC
Resin type
Concen-
tration,
ma/L
8.S
a. 9
A-7
Concen-
tration,
ma/L*
8.8
8.8
IRA- 938
Percent
removal
6
6
Chian
Percent
removal
59
43
Concen-
tration,
mg/La
6.2
$.8
A-7
and DeWalle
Concen-
tration,
BKJ/L
8.8
8.8
XK-279HP
Concen-
Percent tration,
removal rnq/La
37
6.2
7.4
42
A-7
Percent
removal
41
26
Percent
removal
48
43
Note: Blank* indicate parameter not determined.
*Except pH, in pH units, and resin type.
016
-------
r-
S
2
o
S
S
fM
i
3
3
B •
U
•
u
e i s
s 3
«•-
C •
§
3 • •* -s.
« irt O O <« O
v0 . r- • • •
O -« <*44 M • • « «
^f"*'**^^'
•
9
4
J
»I.JJ
*» -« 3 » • |
-M <^ -«» g • 3
•O « O 5 « -•
.»• >« 3 o z 2 w
8
2 2
•4 »
•
! •
9 e •*
>
* * i
8 3 2
i Is
-« a •
»il
• - I
g- ^
41 U 9
C-17
-------
w
3
I
H
M
M
i
01
!
fN
fS
a
2
g?
SS
« <
a. t
Ski,
£*-£
Jassy
— u *>
0. W
a i e
e a*
• -^ -i
e •
e i e
Se on
« -• -i
.u
Sf 22
WWW
e «
21
««
«>j
— i a» o i?< o
<»» 01
X *^ A f* A A A
V O 1*1 V ••*
A A •-« A A A
o o
e e
i/l <0 49 O
o o» ^ vo -^
r> m -• • c
O -« « -» « r-
«i «j a» »* i»iai/>-««» •« so VA S2"s
w
1
»
41
u
u
1
018
-------
•^
f»
^™*
Cl]
H
^1
5
3
i
Cb
o
§{
W
x
£d
S
z
oc
u
a
01
3
•C
CJ
X
(al
•9
0
z
>-»
Cfl
til
a!
Q
U
X
X
<*>
^^
6
£K!
J
2?
H
11
U 0
u 8
V «)
a. .
e o« »
u — -; ;
c « "wC
O u •
w 2
« «
' e c
s 5"j S
i5gS
U ** M
s ^
« >
wi
41 V
a> k.
l C It
e am «i
• •» U 3
U «rf ^v ^
S ? • 5j
U - m
e "*
l\
a v
At b
e
« 1
•^ H«
w« IM
« -i M
- S
a i M
• e
\ J
u <*•
e
M
W
•rf
w
w
i
a.
J3 d J
2 ' '
aiNoa»p»»>vO«3
O ^ ^ ^ ^N O O
. ^
cs
^
§ ' «
O . .. + &..:
°5 *(*-'"»ooo
0*
^1 ^
"* *
O . r- o • • •
"
n M
o no9««o<-iin
o -. . • ^g ^ . . .
o -« r» OB « as « «i *
•
N
O • (M
aMOM4«
^4 *^
-
-« -M
4 •«
•*4 "^ ^4
M « e
X .••MS-*
-C-«--S|f-
j» c •« ••*• s e ••" 3 3 *
0«-^ ms-«'«<»«'-»^«i
<« << t« U U C
ui a a vj ui «- -• 9>
ooozsaa«««
aouaiiii-tjur
a ja ja
t i i
» a .— -< o o
^ M4
a
t A A
l i i
.*?*?« £
A A
<«t t i
^
* (M 4 m o o
• » » a 4 V i/1 gn s0
,"2^2 "
» o o
0 (*
-.
—i-2 — i
•••irf • « " '
C " •-
— e «
fit -^
5*4
<*•!•• • * a
U M * 3 3 « «
S 4 € •« ^ ^ **4
X a. a< t/i vi vi
•Q
j
U
«*
•8
^
0
e
W
^
i
w »
« -f r+
n i
Q cL w
' -5 -
•*• V
a o
J< V
c w a.
« 4
2 ** >
•4 *«4
a. «<
u •
« u a*
- * u
a u x
X t A
019
-------
U
C-20
-------
41
V
c
o
U
"^
*
i
cd
I
e
!
«
A.
j
J*j
s?
i
u
a
u
to
^]J
*
iv
i s
CM an and
Conccntrat
•q/L1
«rf
a
u
^
j
ff"j
•* ^
I
i
i
i
i
i
i
*
1M
e
4
**
t>
«
4
to
e
[nflucnt If
^
1
a
3
M
I
M
to
j
*
$S
«•» »
• «• O 8 O
• «• ^ — 8
• •* IN 1 4t
• fl
"*
**
"1 5
TSSls^S
--^a-2
S*
•"S
<« «•
«•
• U > > > >
** K v g « «
9 M 01 « £ S
i •> A o vJr •
C-21
-------
REFERENCES
1. Cook, E.N., and E.G. Foree. Aerobic Biostabilization of
Sanitary Landfill Leachate. Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, 46(2):380-382, 1974.
2. Chian, E.S.K., and F.B. DeWalle. Evaluation of Leachate
Treatment, Volume I, Characterization of Leachate.
EPA-600/2-77-186a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio. 1977. 210 pp.
3. HO, S., Boyle, W.D., and R.K. Ham. Chemical Treatment of
Leachates From Sanitary Landfills. Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, 46(7):1776-1791, 1974.
4. Chian, E.S.K., and F.B. DeWalle. Evaluation of Leachate
Treatment, Volume II, Biological and Physical-chemical
Processes. EPA-600/2-77-186b, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1977. 245 pp.,
5. Bjorkmar, V.B., and D.S. Mavinic. Physiochemical Treatment
of a High Strength Leachate. In: Proceedings of the 32nd
Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, West Lafayette,
Indiana, 1977.
6. Van Fleet, S.R., Judkins, J.F., and F.J. Molz. Discussion,
Aerobic Biostabilization of Sanitary Landfill Leachate.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
46(11):2611-2612, 1974.
7. Pohland, F.G., and S.J. Rang. Sanitary Landfill Stabiliza-
tion with Leachate Recycle and Residual Treatment. AIChE
Symposium Series, Water-1974, II. Municipal Wastewater
Treatment, 71(45):308-318, 1975.
C-22
-------
APPENDIX D
UNIT PROCESS SUMMARIES -
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Appendix D contains summaries of the treatment of industrial
wastewaters by the following processes:
• biological treatment - activated sludge, aerated
lagoon, trickling filter, facultative lagoon,
anaerobic lagoon
• activated carbon adsorption - granular and powdered
• chemical oxidation
• chemical precipitation
• ion exchange
• reverse osmosis
.Several oxidizing agents and coagulants are reported. These re-
sults should not be related directly to hazardous waste leachate
treatment. However, they do provide an indication of treatment
effectiveness and represent another reference point which can be
used in treatment process formulation.
Tables D-l through D-19 were prepared by Monsanto Research
Corporation for this manual using Volume III of the Treatability
Manual (1).
D-l
-------
Conventional pollutants, ag/L:
BOD 3
COO
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
TJCM
Total phosphorus
Toxic pollutants, pg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
NicJcel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Sis(2-chloroethyl) ether
4-Sromophenyl phenyl ether
Bis{2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
Diethy1 phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Benzidine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine
M-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
2-Chlorophenol
2,4-Oichlorophenoi
2,4-Oiaethylphenol
2-Mitrophenol
4-Mitrophenol
Pentachlorophenol
92
34
14
74
7
31
6
27
13
3
17
34
37
24
26
9
32
1
17
1
36
1
1
1
33
1
9
17
9
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
15
4,640
7,420
1.700
4,050
303
500
322
46.3
49
425
230
233
25
0.023
174
3.46
>99
96
95
96
>98
>99
63
97
670
160
12
20,000
170
38,000
160
1.6
400
95
150,000
3.3
12
4
23
30
23
61
0.7
40
33
130
90
96
>99
99
>99
>90
99
>97
92
>96
92
1.300
13
1-6
19
10
>99
92
>50
>95
91
67
69
25
92
64
44
27
15
39
0
43
50
>29
7
20
27
53
69
200
3.6
<0.03
<0.03
>99
>99
>99
>84
>99
>99
3,100
<0.4
>99
>93
(continued)
0-2
-------
TABLE 0-1 (continued)
Pollutant
Number
of data
ooints >
Effluent
concentration
laximun
Median
Remova
efficienc
Maximum
1
v, %
Median
Toxic pollutants, ug/L (continued):
Phenol
2,4, 6-Trichlorophenol
g-Chloro-m-cresol
3enzene
Chlorobenzene
1 , 2-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 4-Dichlorobenzene
2 , 6-Dinitrotoluene
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Toluene
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
Acenaph thene
Anthracene/Phenanthrene
Fluo ran thene
Fluorene
Indeno99
98
>98
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>97
>99
>99
>99
>98
>99
73
>99
>99
>0
>13
>82
99
>44
>99
>99
>99
96
>0
99
0
>49
>96
>99
>99
95
>95
>49
13
>99
>99
33
>99
oa
>2
0
oa
>3S
>98
oa
Note: Blanks indicate data
a. , ..•
not applicable.
D-3
-------
7A3L£ 3-j INDUSTRIAL CSNTSOL TSCKNOLCGrZ1 SUMMARY "OR AERATID LAGOCNS fl !
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, .ug/L:
300S
COD
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
TKN
Total phenol
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Antimony
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Micfcel
Selenium
Thallium
Zinc
Bis (2-chloroethoxy) me thane
3is(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
3is(2-ethylhexyl) pnthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Oi-n-butyl pnthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Senzidine
1 , 2 - D ipheny Ihydr az ine
M-ni trosodiphenylamine
4-Mitrophenol
Psntachloropnenol
Phenol
2,4, 6-TricaIoroph«nol
Benzene
l,2-0ichloroi5en2ane
1 , 4-Dichlorobenzene
2, 4-Oinitro toluene
2 , 6-Qinitrotoluene
athylbenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Mitrobenzene
Mumoer
of data
soints
16
10
4
13
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
5
2
2
1
3
1
2
4
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
]_
1
1
^
2
t
1
affluent
concentration
Maximum
369
1,610
573
3
105
0.013
1,100
110
150
30
40
<20
510
23
24
<10
99
>99
99
99
79
>99
99
94
91
93
50
>30
>99
96
>99
>95
>94
Median
77.5
63
46
24
91
36
0
51
>73
25
(continued)
D-4
-------
TABL£ D-2 (continued)
Pollutant
Toluene
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo (b ) f luor anthene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Naphthalene
Pyrene
2-Chloronaphthalene
Chloroform
Methyl chloride
Methylene chloride
Te tr achlo roe thy lene
1.1,1-Trichloroe thane
Isophorone
Numoer
of data
ooints
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
Effluent .Removal
concentration efficiency
%
Maximum Median Maximum Median
<10a <10a >95
sa
1,000 <10a >57
i,:oo 130 97
>95
>SO
97
Note: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
*Not detected, assumed to be <10 pg/L.
Below detection liait, assumed to be <10 pg/L.
TA3L£ 0-3. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 31000*7 FOR ANAEROBIC LAGCCNS (l\
Pollutant
Number Effluent
of data concentration
points Maximum Median
Removal
efficiency, %
Maximum Median
Conventional pollutants, mg/L:
300S
COD
Toxic pollutants, pg/L:
Benzene
S
4
2,730
5,910
433
2,300
Mote: Blanks indicate daca not applicable.
Actual data indicate negative removal.
D-5
90
47
55
34.5
Other pollutants, ug/L:
Ace t aldehyde
Acetic acid
Butyric acid
Propionic acid
3
3
2
2
"40
2,600
330
SOO
35
2,300
67
oa
oa
0*
36a
oa
-------
TABLE 3-4. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR
TERTIARY POLISHING LAGOONS [l]
Pollutant
Number Effluent
of data concentration
points Maximum Median MaximumMedian
Removal
efficiency, %
Conventional pollutants, mg/L:
COO 2 263
TSS 2 28
Total phenol 2 • 0.051
52
76
46
Toxic pollutants, yg/L;
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Selenium
Zinc
8is(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Naphthalene
Trichlorofluorome thane
1
1
1
1
2 120
2 11
1
1
36
72
Mote: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
TABLE D-5. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY
FOR FACULTATIVE LAGOONS flj
Pollutant
Number Effluent
of data concentration
ooints Maximum Median
Removal
efficiency, %
Maximum Median
Conventional pollutants, mg/L:
300 s
COO
TSS
TKN
3
2
2
2
274 1S2
2,110
10S
100
92
68
36
67
37
Note: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
removal it also significant. No full-scale operations for leachate treatment
are currently in place.
0-6
-------
TABLZ D-6. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SvJHMAKY FOR TRICKLING FILTIR
Pollutant
Number Effluent
of data concentration
points Maxuum Median MaximumMedian
Hemovai
efficiency,
Conventional pollutants, aq/L:
BOO s 11
COO 3
TSS 1
Total phenol 2
Toxic pollutants, pg/L:
Chroffliuo 1
Copper 1
Cyanide 1
Lead
BisOethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-Q-butyl phthalate 1
Die thy 1 phthalate 1
Pentachlorophenol 1
Phenol 1
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 1
Naphthalene 1
Chloroform 1
Methylene chloride 1
Trichloroethylene 1
Other pollutants,
Xylenes
137
709
1.0
27
623
98
77
>97
92
23
Note: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
D-7
-------
TABLE D-7. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TSCHNOLCG? SUMMARY FOR
GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION [l]
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, mg/L:
BOD,
COO
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
TKN
Total phosphorus
Toxic pollutants. vq/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Bi5(2-ethylheacyD phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
N- ni tr osodipheny lamine
2 , 4-Diaethylphenol
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
g-Chloro-a-cresol
Benzene ~
Chlorobenzene
1 , 2-Oichlorobenzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
Acenaphthene
Anthracene
Number
of data
oo in t a
20
40
45
23
10
19
1
5
3
7
3
5
11
12
3
7
2
6
4
6
13
9
3
7
3
5
1
1
4
5
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
S
Effluent
concentration
Maximum
37,400
109,000
66,700
2,600
14
4.26
14
590
42
5.4
22
260
360
52
79
0.4
330
50
91
6,000
410
17
5
3
340
49
1.5
210
99
0
95
95
>8S
>90
>72
0
63
>50
36
>99
66
>99
>99
0
96
>97
>96
>ao
>99
>99
>97
Median
52
55
60
23
19
69
0
10
0
0
76
>50
54
>63
2
S
9
12
52
0
>97
76a
0
91
73
50
64
24
50
(continued)
D-8
-------
TABL£ c-7 (continued)
Effluent Rescvai
of data concentration efficiency.
Pollutant aoints Maxiinum Median Maxzjnun Median
Toxic pollutants, pg/L: (cont.
Beazo(a)pyrene
Benzo ( k) f luoranthene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Chloroe thane
Chloroform
1, 1-Oichloroe thane
1 , 2-Dichloroe thane
1 , 2-Trans-di chloroe thy lene
1 , 2-Dichloroprop«ne
Me thy lene chloride
1 , 1 ,2 . 2-Tetrachloroe thane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1, 1-Trichlo roe thane
1,1,2-Trichloroe thane
Trichloroe thy lene
Trichlorofluorome thane
Vinyl chloride
cr-BHC
2
1
2
2
13
5
9
57
39
3
46
2S
1
2
3
2
1
3
1
<0.02
<0.02
<0.01
240,000
IS
45,000
1,100,000
30,000
<10
56,000
64,000
^10
^10
5
9,600
46,000
97
>90
>97
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
99
>99
>99
>99
53
52
39
74
>99
42
35
65
73
35
>99
Oa
Note: BlanJts indicate data not applicable.
Actual data indicate negative removal.
D-9
-------
TA3L2 D-8. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR PCWDSRED ACTIVATED
CARBON ADSORPTION (WITH ACTIVATED SLUDGE) [I]
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, ng/L:
BOD,
COD
roc
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
TXN
Toxic pollutants, pg/L:
Antimony
Cadmium
Chromium
Chromium (+6)
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
3is(2-chloro«thyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
2-Chlorophenol
Phenol
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Naphthalene
1, 2-Oichloroe thane
1 , 2-Oichloropropane
Acrolein
Isophorone
Number
of data
DO in t a
24
26
25
4
4
4
1
2
1
4
3
3
3
2
1
3
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Effluent
concentration
Maximum
54
563
387
33
57
0.053
ISO
90
20
29
45
23
22
40
140
190,000
Median
13
98
33
54
13
0.013
53
<20
14
20
<10
95
Removal
efficiency
^
Maximum Median
>99
98
97
96
96
>99
5
97
>64
96
69
>73
>58
13
98
>as
96
91
90
oa
54
>99
38
>60
61
>67
>0
38
Note: BlanJu indicate data not applicable.
aActual data indicate negative removal.
D-10
-------
TABLE D-9. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR
CHEMICAL OXIDATION (CHLORINATION) [1]
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, mg/L:
COD
TSS
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Copper
Cyanide
Le«d
Other pollutants, ng/L:
MH3-M
.Vunoer
of data
ooints
7
2
1
17
1
1
affluent
concentration
Maximum Median
973 565
159
130 30
Semovai
efficiencv
, %
Maximum Median
39
97
>99
23
34
Mote: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
D-ll
-------
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, ng/L:
300 5
COO
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Total phosphorus
Toxic pollutants, M 75 10
140 14 33 IS
0.13 0.021 >99 24
1.200
43 48
590
12,000 <320 >99 99
5,000
1,300
460 240 0* 96
110
2.7 77
0.4 >97
61
Mrt t* A • tt 1
-------
TASLZ D-U.
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TEC
WITH CHEMICAL ADOITIoi
— ,-
?ca ^SE
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, mg/L:
COO
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Toxic pollutants, vq/l:
Antimony
Arsenic
Asbestos, fibers/L
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Chromium (dissolved)
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Nickel (dissolved)
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other pollutants, M9/I>:
Fluoride
Chloride
Aluminum
Iron
Calcium
Manganese
Other pollutants, ug/L
fluoride
Number
of data
ooints
4
3
9
2
2
7
11
2
9
10
1
16
1
13
9
13
1
5
6
3
IS
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
effluent
concentration
Maxifflui
37
<20
ISO
1.5
0.3
130
110
0.9
30
1,300
700
200
3
5,200
52
<10
3
3,200
12,000
500
o Median
23.3
<12
12.5
4
3
3.0
40
54
40
0.7
16
3
2.8
1.1
120
9,100
Removal
efficiency. %
Maximum
50
37
96
66
33
33
>99
76
92
>99
99
99
>96
>99
0
>80
>30
>99
98
98
>99
Median
14
13
71
40
63
>38
aa
79
73
>60
44
0
10
53
35
72
Note: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
D-13
-------
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, og/L:
TSS
Oil and grease
Toxic pollutants, M9/L-
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Chromium (dissolved)
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
NicJcel (dissolved)
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
3is(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-a-butyl phthalate
Die thy 1 phthalate
2 , 4-Oimethylphenol
Phenol
g-Chloro-ffl-cresol
Anthracene
Ben2o(a)pyrene
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
fluorene
Naphthalene
Pyrene
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
1 , 1 , 1-Tricaloroe thane
Other pollutants, ug/L
Fluoride
Number
of data
ooints
7
3
2
3
3
1
10
3
3
3
1
1
1
9
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
Effluent
concentration
Maximum Median
43 17
3.5 3.5
<10
60 <20
360 75
170 40
39 2..3
530 130
330 270
1,400 260
150
42
39
Removal
effieiencv.
3
•3
Maximum Median
>99
71
>0
93
90
>99
39
95
96
>99
99
9,
oa
69
70
50
39
33
65
53
76
33 .
Mote: BlanJcs indicate-data not applicable.
actual data indicate negative removal.
D-14
-------
WITH CHEMICAL ADDITION
(ALUM) [1]
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, nuj/L:
300S
COO
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Total phosphorus
Toxic pollutants, pg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadou.ua
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
8is(2-ethylhesyl) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Phenol
1 , 2-Oichlorobenzene
Ethylbenzene
Nitrobenzene
Toluene
1,2, 4-Trichloroben2ene
An thr acene / Phenan thr ene
Chlorodibromcoie thane
Chloroform
1 , 2-Oichloroe thane
Me thy lene chloride
Te tr achloroe thy lene
Trichloroe thy lene
Number
of data
affluent
concentration
ooints Maximum Median
5 2
5 7
4 1
5
1
4
2
2
2
1
2
4
4
2
3
2
4 9
2
2
2
2
2 4
1
3 2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
, 900 33
,600 416
,500 105
122 50
225 0.055
43
120
62
29
280 <40
<110 13
<150
57
170
,000 2.900
44
*»10
^10
13
,600
,500 14
70
Hemovai
efficiencv
3,
Maximum Median
32
71
30
99
31
15
0
<37
>aa
>9S
>73
760
>56
10
35
0*
>94
>90
>50
0*
93
>38
16
61
63
79
19
44
>73
30
55
Note: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
aActual data indicate negative removal.
D-15
-------
TABLE D-14. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR SEDIMENTATION
WITH CHEMICAL ADDITION (ALUM, LIME) [1]
Pollutant
Number effluent
of data concentration
points Maxiaum Median
Removal
efficiency, %
Median
Conventional pollutants, mg/L.-
300S 1
COD 1
TOC I
TSS 1
Oil and grease 1
Total phenol 1
Toxic pollutants, uq/L:
Arsenic 1
Chromium 1
Copper 2
Cyanide 2
Lead 1
Mercury 1
NicJcel 1
Zinc I
Bis(2-ethylheryl) phthalate 1
Di-nrbutyl phthalate 1
Phenol 2
Benzene 1
1,2-Dichlorobeozene 1
Sthylbenzene 2
Toluene 2
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1
Naphthalene 1
Carbon tetrachloride 1
Chloroform 1
l,2-Dichloroprop*ne 1
Me thylane chloride 1
1,1,2,2-Tetracnloroethane 1
Tetrachloroethylene 1
4,4'-DOT 1
Heptachlor 1
60
30
as
30
47
22
72
96
93
96
Note: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
D-16
-------
TASLZ 0-15. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY ?CR SE3:^E
WITH CHEMICAL ADDITION (ALUM, POL2ME3) [1]
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, ag/L:
SOD 3
COD
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Total phosphorus
Toxic pollutants, Mg/L:
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Mickel
Silver
Zinc
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Phenol
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1 , 2-Oichloroethan*
1,2-Trans-diehloreethylene
Me thy lene chloride
Te tr achlor oe thy lene
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
1,1, 2-Trichloroe thane
Trichloroe thy lene
Numoer
of data
ooints
5
5
4
4
4
5
1
2
4
4
1
4
3
3
1
4
1
1
2
3
4
1
4
1
2
1
4
3
2
1
1
affluent
concentration
Maximum
3,300
30,000
4,300
6,000
380
0.1S
30
130
27 , 000
300
14,000
51,000
1,000
313
460
2,900
550
90
13,000
700
120
Median
2,300
10,000
2.350
1,370
30.5
0.10
59
290
200
1,500
50
700
390
540
160
7,600
100
...rr. -, „
Maxi.7V_-
65
30
71
99
99
60
76
95
30
>96
33
>97
33
>97
>94
73
>94
>60
93
>44
93
a_
r.cy \
Median
25
59
53
57
30
26
90
53
69
74
9
70
75
40
40
91
0
Mote: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
D-17
-------
TABL2 D-16. DTOUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUKMAR7 FOR SEDIMENTATION
WITH CHEMICAL ADDITION (Ft2*. LIME) [1]
Pollutant
Toxic pollutants, yg/L;
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Seler. -.urn
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Number
of data
points
4
4
2
4
4
6
3
2
5
2
6
2
6
Effluent
concentration
Maximum
30
3
3.2
4
46
<3
0.2
6
32
10
7.0
36
Median
9
<2
1.1
2.5
25
<3
3
3.1
<23
Removal
efficiency, %
Maximum
30
>36
>50
>95
92
>96
>60
>95
24
93
>8d
>97
Median
Qa
67
>24
4S
S3
>2S
20
4.5
92
Note: SlanJcs indicate data not applicable.
aActual data indicate negative removal.
D-18
-------
TABL£ 0-17.
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR SEDIMENTATION
WITH CHEMICAL ADDITION (POLYMER) [i]
Pollutant
Number Effluent
of data concentration __
points Maximum Median Maxrnum Median
Re.rovai
efficiency, \
Conventional pollutants,
BOD 3
COO
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
rng/L:
1
1
1
1
1
2
0.3
S3
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Antijnony
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
MicJeel
Zinc
Bia(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Die thy 1 phthalate
Phenol
Benzene
Ethylhenzene
Toluene
Anthracene
Chloroform
1 , 2-Trans-dichloroethylene
Methylene chloride
Trichloroe thylene
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
25
400
140
140
6,000
10
<10
74
1,900
130
14
97
>89
97
99
97
>97
>99
29
39
A
0*
a
0*
Mote: BlanJcs indicate data not applicable.
Actual data indicate negative removal.
D-19
-------
TABLE D-18. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ICN EXCHANGE
Pollutant
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Cadmium
Chrofflium
Chromium (*6)
Copper
Cyanide
Hicxel
Silver
Zinc
Number
of data
ooints
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
Effluent
concsncration
Maximum Median
<10*
60
90
200
<10a
99
>99
98
99
>99
>99
a_
nc*/ . %
Median
Other pollutants, pg/L.-
Molybdenum
Radium (total)
Radium (dissolved)
1
1
1
Note: Blanks indicate data not applicable.
*Noe detected, assumed to be <10
D-20
-------
TABLE D-19. INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR REVERSE OSMOSIS [1]
Pollutant
Conventional pollutants, ng/L:
BOO,
COO
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
TKM
Toxic pollutants, pg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Chromium (+3)
Chroniua (+6)
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Oiaethyl phthalate
Phenol
Benzene
Toluene
Acenaphthene
Anthracene
Pyrene
Chloroform
Methyl chloride
Methylene chloride
Tr ichloroe thy lene
Number
of data
points
11
IS
IS
2
5
6
1
11
10
2
n
13
i
i
17
10
11
3
13
4
13
3
30
5
3
2
4
3
6
3
1
1
4
1
4
1
Effluent
concentration
Maximum Median
429
736
SO
99
96
>90
>72
31
60
>99
>8S
50
>99
>99
97
>99
>60
>9S
85
76
39
>99
96
33
41
30
30
12
99
79
64
Median
87
91.5
90
>50
2.5
30
>92
0
67
32
>42
>25
4
47
77
17
50
97
67
75
25
50
0*
73
*
0*
10
Note: BlanJcs indicate data not applicable.
*Actual data indicate negative removal.
D-21
-------
REFERENCE
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technologies For
Control/removal of Pollutants, Treatability Manual, Vol.III.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1980,
D-22
-------
APPENDIX E
TREATABILITY OF LEACHATE CONSTITUENTS
A recent Environmental Protection Agency report (1) summa-
rized data on the treatability of over 500 compounds, many of
which are listed in Subtitle C, Section 3001 of RCRA. Although
the focus of the report was on concentration technology and it
thus does not fully address all potential leachate treatment op-
tions, much useful information is contained therein. Therefore,
the summary treatability data contained in this report is repro-
duced in Appendix Table E-l. This information can be used to
guide identification of potential hazardous waste leachate treat-
ment technologies. However, because this information was derived
from various types of studies, ranging from laboratory to full
scale on wastewaters ranging from pure compound to industrial
waste and leachate, the reader is cautioned not to directly apply
these published data to a leachate treatment situation.
Primary organization of Appendix Table E-l is by treatment
process. For each process, the treatability of individual chem-
ical compounds is given with the compounds arranged in alphabet-
ical order within chemical classifications. The following treat-
ment processes are included:
Process Process Code No.
Biological I
Coagulation/Precipitation II
Reverse Osmosis III
Ultrafiltration IV
Stripping V
Solvent Extraction VII
Carbon Adsorption IX
Resin Adsorption X
Miscellaneous Sorbents XII
The chemical classification system used is as follows:
Chemical Classification Classification Code No.
Alcohols A
Aliphatics B
Amines C
Aromatics D
Ethers E
E-l
-------
Chemical Classification Classification Code Mo.
Halocarbons F
Metals G
PCBs I
Pesticides J
Phenols K
Phthalates L
Polynuclear Aromatics M
»
In order to facilitate use of Appendix Table E-l, an index
has been prepared and is presented immediately before Table E-l.
This index lists compounds contained in Table E-l in alphabetical
order and indicates for each compound it's pollutant group (RCRA,
Section 311, or Priority Pollutant), chemical classification
(alcohol, aliphatic, etc.), and the compound code number used in
Appendix Table E-l. This latter number can be used to locate
the compound in the main table. Note, some compounds inadver-
tently may have been assigned to more than one chemical classi-
fication in Table E-l. The index identifies chese cases.
Many chemical compounds are known by several names. At-
tempts were made to use preferred or generic names according to
The Merck Index. However, in some cases it was necessary to use
the names which were used in the reference documents. Users of
Table E-l are advised to check for compounds under several po-
tential alphabetic listings.
In order to present the large quantity of information in a
concise manner, it was necessary to code some of the information
in Table E-l. The coding system is explained in footnotes at
the end of the Appendix.
(1) Shuckrow, A.J. , Pajak, A.P., and J.w. Osheka.
Concentration Technologies For Hazardous Aqueous Waste
Treatment. EPA-600/2-81-019. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1981. 343pp.
E-2
-------
INDEX OF CHEMICALS LISTED IN APPENDIX TABLE E-l
Compound
Pollutant Chemical Compound
Group* Class.** Code No.***
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acetaldehyde
Acetanilide
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Acetone Cyanohydrin
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetylglycine
Acrolein
Acrylic Acid
Acrylonitrile
Adipic Acid
Alanine
A 1 3r in
Allyl Alcohol
Allylamine
p-Aminoacetanilide
m-Aminobenzoic Acid
o-Azninobenzoic Acid
p-Aminobenzoic Acid
m-Aminotoluene
o-Aminotoluene
p-Aminotoluene
P
P
H,T,S
S
T
S
H,T
T
P,A,H,S
T
P,H,T,S
S
A,H,P,S
S,A,H
,,„.-.
M
M
M
B
C
B
B
B
B
D
B
B
B
B
B
B
J
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
XM-1
I1M-1
IIM-2
IB-1,2,3
IXB-1
IC-1
IIIB-1,2
IXB-2
IB-4,5,6
IIIB-3,4
IXB-3
IXB-4
IB-7,8
IXD-1,2
XD-1
IB- 9
VIIB-1
IXB-5,6
IB-11,12,
IXB-7
IB-14 to
VB-1
VIIB-2
IXB-8
IB-18
IB-19
IJ-1
IIIJ-1
IXJ-1 to
XJ-1
IXA-1
IXC-1
IC-2
IC-3
IC-4
IC-5
IC-6
IC-7
IC-8
13
17
5
(continued)
E-3
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Aminotriazole
Ammonium Oxalate
Amyl Acetate
n-Amyl Alcohol (1-pentanol)
sec-Amy Iben zene
tert-Amylbenzene
Aniline
Anthracene
Antimony
Arochlor 1242
Arochlor 1254
Arochlor 1254 and 1260
Arsenic
Arsenic (As"*"5)
Atrazine
Barium
Benzaldehyde
Benzamide
Benzanthracene
Benzene
Benzene Sulfonate
Benzene, Toluene, Xylene(BTX)
Benzenethiol
Benzidine j
Pollutant
Group*
S
S,T
P
H,P
H,P,S
H,P,S
H,P,S
H,P
H,P
H
H
H,P,S,T
A,H
H,T
Chemical
Class. **
J
B
B
A
D
D
C
M
G
I
I
I
G
G
J
G
D
C
M
D
. .
D
D
D
C
Compound
Code Mo.***
IJ-2
IB- 20
IXB-9
IA-1, IXA-2
ID-1
ID-2
IC-9,10,11
IIIC-1,2
IXC- 2, 3
XC-1
IM-1
VI IM-1
IIG-1
IXI-4 to 7
IXI-8 to 16
X 1-1,2
X 1-3
XII 1-1
IIG-2,3
IXG-1
XIIG-1
IIG-4
I1IJ-2
XJ-2
IG-1
IIG-5,6,7
IIIG-1
IXG-2
ID-3,4,5
IXD-3,4,5
XD-2
IC-12
IM-2
IIM-3
ID-6 to 10
VD-1,2
VIID-1 to 4
IXD-6 to 12
ID-11
XD-5
ID-12
IXC-13
IC-13,14
(continued)
E-4
-------
INDEX (continued)
Pollutant Chemical Compound
Compound Group* Class.** Code No.***
Benzil
11,12-Benzof luoranthene H,P
Benzoic Acid S
Benzonitrile
Benzoperylene
1,12-Benzoperylene P
Benzo (a) pyrene H , T
3 ,4-Benzpyrene
Benzylamine
Beryllium H/P
Biphenyl
bis(Chloroethyl) Ether H,T
bis (2-Chloroisopropyl) Ether H,T,P
bis (Chloroisopropyl) Ether
bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate H,P,T
Bismuth
Bisphenol A
Borneol
Brine Phenol
Bromochlorome thane
Bromodichloromethane P
Bromofonn P
Bromomethane H,T
... ~
Butanamide
Butanedinitrile
1, 4-Butanediol
Butanenitrile
D
M
D
D
M
M
M
D
C
G
M
E
E
E
L
G
K
A
K
F
F
F
F
C
B
A
B
IXD-14
XD-3
IIM-4
ID-13,14
IXD-15,16
XD-4
ID-15
IM-3
IIM-5
IIM-6
ID-16
IC-15
IIG-8,9
IXM-1
XM-2
VIIE-1
IXE-2
IIIE-1
IXE-1
VIIE-2
IL-1
IIL-1
VIIL-1
IXL-1,2
IIG-10
XK-1,2
I A- 2
XK-3,4
IXF-1
VF-1
VIIF-1
IXF-2
XF-3
IF-1
IXF-3,4
XF-1,2
VF-2
VIIF-2
IXF-5
IC-16
IB-21,22
IA-11
IB-23,24
(continued)
E-5
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Butanol
sec-Butanol
tert-Butanol
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Acrylate
Butylamine
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Butylbenzl Phthalate
Butylene Oxide
Butyl Ether
Butyl Phenol
Butyraldehyde
Butyric Acid
Cadmium
Calcium Gluconate
Caproic Acid
Caprolactum
Captan
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloral
Chloral Hydrate
D-Chloramphenicol
Chloranil
Chlordane
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
T A
-
A
A
S B
B
S C
D
D
P,S L
B
E
K
B
S B
H,P G
B
B
B
S J
S,T,P,H F
T F
F
" "'. M
D
P,H,T,S J
Compound
Code No. ***
IA-3 to 7
IXA-3,4,5
XA-1
IA-8
IA-9,10
IXA-6
IXB-10
IXB-11
IXC- 4, 5
XC-2
ID-17
ID-18
IL-2
VIIL-2
IB-25
IXE-3
IXK-1
IXB-12
IB-27,28,29
IXB-13,14
XB-1
IG-2,3,4
IIG-11,12,13
IIIG-2
IXG-3,4
XIIG-2
IB-30
IXB-15,16
XB-2
IB-31
IIIJ-3
IF-2
IIF-1
IXF-6,7,8
XF-4
VF-3
VIIF-3
IM-4
ID-19
IJ-3
IXJ-7,8
Chlorinated Pesticides
(Unspecified)
XJ-3
(continued)
E-6
-------
INDEX (continued)
Pollutant Chemical
Compound Group* Class.**
m-Chloroaniline
o-Chloroaniline
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene
Choroethane
Chloroethylene
Chloroform
Chloromethane
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
2-Chloronaphthalene
1-Chloro- 2-nitrobenzene
2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol
Chlorophenol
m-Chlorophenol
o-Chlorophenol (2-chlorophe-ol)
p-Chlorophenol
Chromic Acid
Chromium
Chromium ( + 3)
A,H
A,H
H,P,S,T
H,P
H,P,S,T
H,T
H
H,T,P
H
H
H
H
H,P,T
H
H,S
H,P
.
H,P
C
C
C
D
F
F
F
F
K
M
D
K
K
K
K
K
G
G
-
G
Compound
Code No. ***
1C- 17
IC-18
IC-19
ID-20
IIID-1
VD-3,4
VIID-5
IXD-18,19,20
VF-4
VIIF-4
IXF-9
VF-5
VI IF- 5
IXF-10
IF-3
VF-6
IXF-11,12
XF-5,6
VF-7
VIIF-6
IK-1,2
VIIK-1
IXK-2
XK-S
IIM-7
IXD-21
IK-3
VK-2
IK-5
XK-6
IK-4,6,7
IIIK-1
VIIK-2
IK-8,9
IIIG-3
IG-5
IIG-14,15
IIIG-4,5
IXG-5,6
XIIG-3
IG-6
IIG-16,17
IXG-7
(continued)
E-7
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Chromium (Cr*6)
Chrysene
Citric Acid
Cobalt
Copper
Cresol
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Crotonaldehyde
Cumeme
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanolone
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclopentanone
Cystine
L-Cystine
2,4-D Butyl ester
2,4-D & related herbicides
2, 4-D-Isoctyl ester
ODD
DDE
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class. **
H,P G
H,T,P M
B
G
P G
S,T K
S,T K
S,T K
S,T K
H,T B
T D
M
A
B
B
C
B
B
•- •- B
J
S J
J
P,H,T J
P,H J
Compound
Code No. ***
IG-7
IIG-18,19
IXG-8
IIM-8
IB-32
IG-8
IIG-20
IG-9 to 12
IIG-21 to 25
IIIG-6,7
IVG-1
IXG-9,10,11
XIIG-4,5
IXK-3
IK-10
VIIK-3
IK-11
VIIK-4,5,6
IK-12
VIIK-3
IB-33,34,35
IXB-17
IXD-22
XD-6
IXM-2
XM-3
IA-12
IXA-7
XA-2
IB-38
IB-39
IXB-18
IXC- 6
XC-3
IB-40
IB- 3 6
IB-37
IXJ-6
XJ-4
XJ-5
IJ-4
IXJ-9,10,11
IIIJ-4
IXJ-12,13,14
(continued)
E-8
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
DDT
DDVP
Decanoic Acid
Decanol
•
2 , 4-Diaminophenol
Diazinon
1,2,4, 5-Dibenzpyrene
Dibromochloromethane
2 , 4-Dibromophenol
Dibutylamine
Di-N-Butylamine
Dibutylphthalate
Di-N-Butylphthalate
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-DichlorObenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1, 2-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 3-Dichlorobenzene
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
P,H,S,T J
J
B
A
K
S J
D
P,T F
K
C
C
H,P,T L
P L
H,P,S D
H,S,T D
H,S D
, , . ,
H,T,P D
H,T,P D
Compound
Code No.***
IJ-5
IIJ-1
IIIJ-5
IXJ-15 to 19
XJ-6
IJ-6
IXB-19
XB-3
IXA-8
XA-3
IK-13
IJ-7,8
IIIJ-6
ID-21
VF-8
VIIF-7
IXF-13,14,15
XF-7
XK-7
IXC- 7
XC-4
IXC- 8
IXL-3
XL-1
IL-3
IIL-2
VIIL-3
ID-22,23
VD-5
VIID-6
IXD-25,26
XD-7
ID-24
VD-5
VIID-6
IXD-23,24
XD-8 '
ID-25
VD-6
VIID-6
IXD-28,29
XD-9
VD-7
VD-8
(continued)
E-9
-------
INDEX (continued)
Pollutant Chemical Compound
Compound Group* Class.** Code No.***
1,4-Dichlorobenzene H,P,T
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine P/H,T
Dichlorodif luoromethane P
Dichloroethane H,T
1,1-Dichloroethane H,P,T
i , ^-uicnxoroetnane H,P,S,T
Dichloroethylene H,P,S
1,1-Dichloroethylene H,P,S,T
1,2-Dichloroethylene H,P
1,2-trans-Dichloroethylene H,T,P
Dichlorof luoromethane
Dichloroisopropyl Ether
Dichloromethane H,P,S,T
Dichlorophenol
2 , 3-Dichlorophenol
2,4-Dichlorophenol H,T,P
2 , 5-Dichlorophenol
2 , 6-Dichlorophenol .. .......
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid A,H,S
2,6-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
2 , 4-Dichlorophenoxyproprionic
Acid
1,2-Dichloropropane H,S,P
D
D
F
P
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
E
F
K
K
K
K
K
D
D
D
F
VD-9
IXD-27
IXD-30
VIIF-8
IXF-16,17
VF-9
VIIF-9
IXF-18,19
XF-8
IF- 4
VF-10,11
VI IF- 10
IXF-20,21
XF-9
VIIP-11,12
VF-12,14
VIIP-13
IXF-22
IXF-23
XF-10
VF-13
VIIF-14
IXF-24
IXF-25
IXE-4
VF-15,16
VIIP-15
IXF-27
XK-8
IXK-4
XK-9
IK-14 to 18
VIIK-7,8
XK-10
IK-19
IK-20
ID-26
ID-27
ID-18
VF-17
VIIF-16
IXF-28
(continued)
E-10
-------
INDEX (continued)
Pollutant Chemical
Compound Group* Class.**
1 , 2-Dichloropropylene
Dicyclopentadiene
Dieldrin A,H,P,S
Diethanolamine
Diethylene Glycol
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl
Ether
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl
Ether
Diethylenetriamine
Diethyl Ether
Diethylhexyl Phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate P/H,T
a , a-Diethy Istilbenediol
Dihexylamine
Diisobutyl Ketone
Diisopropanolamine
Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate
Dimethylamine T
Dimethylaniline (Xylidene)
2 , 3 -Dimethylaniline
2 , 5-Dimethylaniline
3 , 4 -Dimethylaniline
9 , 10-Dimethylanthracene
7 , 9-Dimethylbenzacridine
7 , 10-Dimethylbenzacridine
9 , 10-Dimethyl-l, 2-benzanthracene
Dimethylcyclohexanol
Dimethylnapthalene
• - • -•
Dimethylnitrosamine - H,T
Dimethylphenol S
2 , 3-Dimethylphenol
2, 4 -Dimethylphenol H,T,P
i
F
B
J
C
B
E
E
C
E
L
L
L
M
C
B
C
B
C
D
C
C
C
M
D
D
M
A "
M
C
K
K
K
Compound
Code No. ***
VF-18
VIIF-17
IXF-29
IXB-20
IJ-9
IIJ-2
IIIJ-7
IXJ-20 to 26
IC-20
IXC- 9
IB-41
IXB-21
IXE-5
IXE-6
IXC-10
IIIE-2
XL- 2
IL-5
IL-4
VIIL-4
IM-5
IXC-11, XC-5
IXB-22
IXC- 12
IXB-23
IXC- 13
XC-6
IXD-31
IC-21
IC-22
IC-23
IM-6
ID-29
ID- 30
IM-7
I A- 14
IXM-3
XM-4
IXC-14
IXK-5
IK-21
IK-22
VIIK-8
(continued)
E-ll
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
2 , 5-Dimethylphenol
2 , 6-Dimethylphenol
3 , 4-Dimethylphenol
3 , 5-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dinitrobenzene
3 , 5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid
4, 6-Dinitro-2-Methylphenol
2 , 4-Dinitrophenol
2 , 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
2 , 4-Dinitrotoluene
2 , 6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-N-Octyl Phthalate
1 , 1-Diphenylhydrazine
1 , 2-Diphenylhydrazine
Di-N-Propylamine
Dipropylene Glycol
2 , 3-Dithiabutane
Dodecane
Dulcitol
Endrin
Endrin and Heptachlor
Erucic Acid~
1,2-Ethanediol
Ethanol \
i
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class. **
K
K
K
K
P,H,T L
B
H,S D
D
K
H,P,S,T K
D
P,H,T,S D
P,H,T D
P,H,T L
M
H,T,P M
T C
B
B
B
B
A,P,S J
A,S J
B
A
A
Compound
Code No. ***
IK-23
IK-24
IK-25
IK-26
IK- 6
IL^6,7
IIL-3
VIIL-5
IXL-4
XL- 3
IIIB-5
IIID-2
ID-31
VIIK-9
IK-27,28
VIIK-10
IXK-7
IIID-3
ID-32,33
VIID-7
IXD-32
VIID-8
IXD-33
IL-8
VIIL-6
IXM-4
IM-8
IXC-15
IXB-24
IB-42
IXB-25
XB-4
IB-43
IJ-10
IIJ-3
IXJ-27 to 31
XJ-7
IB-44
I A- 15
IA-16,17,18
IIIA-1,2
VIIA-1
IXA-9
(continued)
E-12
-------
INDEX (continued)
Ethoxytriglycol
Ethyl Acetate T
Ethyl Acrylate T
Ethylbenzene P,S
Ethylbutanol
2-Ethylbutanol
Ethylene Chloride
Ethylene Chlorohydrin
Ethylenediamine A,H,S
Ethylene Dichloride° S
h
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether
Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Monhexyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
Ethyl Ether T
2-Ethylhexanol
E
B
B
D
A
A
F
F
C
F
B
E
E
E
E
E
E
A
IXE-7
IB-45,46,47
IXB-26
IB-48,49,50
IXB-27
ID-34 to 38
IID-1
VD-10,11,12
VIID-9,10
IXD-34 to 37
IA-19,20,21
IXA-10
VIIF-18
VIIF-19
IC-24
IXC-16
VF-19,20,21
VTIF-20,21
IXF-30,31,32
XF-11
IB- 51
IXB-28
IXE-8
IXE-9
IXE-10
IXE-11
IXE-12
IIIE-3
IA-22
2-Ethyl-l-Hexanol
2-Ethylhexylacrylate
N-Ethylmorpholine
Ferbara
Fluoranthrene
2-Fluorenamine
Formaldehyde
Formariide
B
C
J
M
C
B
B
IXA-11
IXA-12
XA-4
IB-52,53,54
IXC-17
IJ-11
IXM-5
XM-5
IC-25
IB-55,56
IIIB-6,7
IXB-29
IB-57
(continued)
E-13
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Formic Acid
Furfuryl Alcohol
Glutamic Acid
Glycerine
Glycerol
Glycine
Heptanoic Acid
Heptachlor
Heptachlorepoxide
Heptane
m-Heptanol
Herbicides (Unspecified)
Herbicide Orange
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexadecane
Hexanol
1-Hexanol
m-Hexanol
Hexylamine
Hexylene Glycol
Hydracrylonitrile
Hydroquinone
4-Hydroxybenzenecarbonitrile
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
S,T B
A.
B
B
B
B
B
A,H,P,S J
H,P J
B
A
J
J
H,P,T D
H,P,T F
H,P,S,T F
H,T,P F
B
A
A
A
- ". c
B
B
D
D
Compound
Code No. ***
IB-58
IXB-30
IA-23,24
IB-S9
IB-60
IIIB-8,9
IB-61
IXB-31
XB-5
IJ-12
IIIJ-8
IXJ-32,33
IIIJ-9
IB-62 to 65
IXA-13
XA-5
IXJ-34,35
IJ-13
ID-39,40
IIID-4
VD-13
VIID-11,12
IXD-38
VF-22
VIIF-22
IXF-33
XF-12
VF-23
VIIF-23
IXF-34,35
XF-13
IXF-32
XF-6
I A- 2 5
IA-26,27
IXA-14
IXC-18
XC-7
IXB-33
IB-66
IIID-5,6
IXD-39
ID-41
(continued)
E-14
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
Compound
Code No.***
Iron
Iron (Fa*2)
Iron (Fe+3)
Isobutanol
Isobutyl Acetate
Isophorone
Isophthalic Acid
Isoprene
Isopropanol
Isopropyl Acetate
Isopropyl Ether
Kepone
Lactic Acid
Laurie Acid
Lead
T
P
H,S,T
H,P
Lindane
Malathion
L-Malic Acid
DL-Malic Acid
Malonic Acid
Maneb
Manganese
G
G
A
B
B
D
L
B
A
B
E
J
B
B
B
B
B
J
G
IG-15
IIG-26,27,28
IIIG-8
IVG-2
IXG-12,13
IG-13
IG-14
IXA-15
IXB-34
IB-67
VIIB-3
IXD-40,41
IL-9
IXB-35
IA-28 to 32
IXA-16
IXB-36
IE-1,2,3
IXE-13
IXJ-36
IB-68
IB-69
IXB-37
XB-7
IG-16,17
IIG-29 to 33
IIIG-9,10
IXG-14,15,16
XIIG-6,7
IJ-14
IIJ-4
IIIJ-10
IXJ-37,38
IJ-15,16
IIIJ-11
IB-70
IB-71
IB-72
IJ-17
IG-18,19
IIG-34,35,36
IVG-3
IXG-17,18,19
(continued)
E-15
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
Compound
Code No.***
Mercury H,P,T
Methanol
Methyl Acetate
7-Methyl-l,1-benzanthracene
2-Methylbenzenecarbonitrile
3-Methylbenzenecarbonitrile
4-Methylbenzenecarbonitrile
Methyl Butyl Ketone
20-Methylcholanthrene
4-Methylcyclohexanol
Methyl Decanoate
Methyl Dodecanoate
4,4'-Methylene bis-
(2-Chloroaniline) H,T
Methylene Chloride P
Methyl Ethyl Ketone H,T
Methylethylpyridine
2-Methyl-5-Ethylpyridine
Methyl Hexadecanoate
Methyl Isoamyl Ketone T
N-Methyl Morpholine
Methyl Octadecanoate
Methyl Parathion A,H,S
Methyl Propyl Ketone
Molybdenum
Monoethanolamine
Monoisopropanolamine
Morpholine
Myristic Acid
B
M
D
D
D
3
M
A
B
B
D
F
B
D
C
B
B
C
B
B
G
e
C
C
B
IG-20,21
IIG-37,38,39
VIIG-1
IXG-20 to 24
XIIG-8
IA-33 to 38
IIIA-3,4
IXA-17,18
IIIB-10,11
IXB-38
IM-9
ID-42
ID-43
ID-44
IXB-39
IM-10
I A-3 9
IXB-40
XB-8
IXB-41
XB-9
IXD-42
IF-5
IXF-36
VIIB-4,5
IXB-42
ID-45
IXC-19
IXB-43
XB-10
IXB-44
IXC-20
IXB-45
XB-11
T.J-18,19
IIIJ-12
IXB-46
IIG-40
IXC-21
IXC-22
IXC-23
XC-8
IXB-47
XB-12
(continued)
E-16
-------
*-^
£
^^
M 10
»- U
•H
4J 4J
C fl
JB
0
W
« <
-. V
'O ,* *
(^ p* tj
3 01
C -* *-l
•H fl y
jj y a
C -H C
O v* >i
CJ 0 •£
IX 0 eu
w ffl
w c
»4 ** O
2ta -rt
(A JJ
8- 4) fl
y y
0 -H
a. -rt
c en
0 fl
JJ O
fl
hi rH
JJ fl
C U
01 -rt
y e
C 01
O JC
0 0
TJ
01
uj
C
0
•rt
JJ
a
H
y
s
•o
3
JJ
Ui4
0
to
3
4)
u
C
41
3 •
-« W
C JS
M 0
T3
01
JJ 01
,
2 e-
>^U
•o a>
3 a
w fr-
i
fl
•H
g
5*
u
) .
n
S
CO
O
r-H
a
3
W
0
<4-t
^
0
JJ
•rt
j3
•H
C
•rt .
«
U U
0 J=
y v
•rt CM
1°
6- ±J
1
a
o
0
in
a
o
4)
4)
U
fl
JZ
JJ
C
<
1 *
£
M
CO
0
*w
u-i O
0
ta
& ^4
F*4 -C
»
Is
'O
V C
N —4
•o -a
•rt 4) •
X -U C
QUO
Slowly
TOD exe
oxidati
1
a
o
m
Q
O
«
^
41
y
fl
j
j
fl
N
3
m
(N
5
o
en
•
y
c
o
y
fl
6
0 •
hi »rt
**J \,
O"1
4) £
3r*
fl l
TJ 0
fl -H
Biodegr
of 4 x
O
at
0)
c
41
hi
a
0
N
C
41
CO
1 d
M
— 4
co
4)
7^
-a
3
•H
V)
•0
J) •
jj co
fl tO
> 01
•rt y
JJ 0
y £
< a
c
0
C JJ
0 fl
•o
•n fl
0) U
10 CT>
fl 0)
J3 ^
O *
C -rt hi
0 £t J=
• rt
JJ <4rf O>
y o x
3 a
TJ 41 O
01 JJ CJ
hi fl
fN ••.
• O ro
vO O •
00 O r-i
a.
=3
1
01 -
a
0
JS 0
u y
1 -rt
a c
i 0
jj -3
01 01
?l
f^
a -rt
- jj
a tn
i in
£
M
is
! -*
\
I
T3
01
JJ
>rt
jQ *±4
•rt cn o
JS fl
C 3 M
'rt ,£
a
•u O o1
0 P V
c ^
U-l
tn o M
fl 0)
in u .
01 • fl C
.* cri o
fl "H ^ -rt
JJ 4) JJ
a o -u fl
3 JJ M na
CN a x x
O 3 41 0
1
a
0
0
m
a
o
i
(-H
^
j2
JJ 41
i §
•rt y
a fl
0--JS •
« c
cn fl
i ^
£
»— i
l
1
*M
0 hi
at
r"* *y
• ^*
c\t f^
S
•0 jj
4) aj
N fl •
•rt C
•u -a o
•rt 4> -rt
X JJ JJ
0 hi fl
41 -o
>< X -rt
»rt 4) X
3 0
0 Q
rH O 1A-
W P 0
a
a
o
m
0
o
,
^H
^
JT 1
JJ C
0) fl
S N 01
•rt C C
Q 01 4)
i £ y
O •• 1 fl
•rt CM hi
• • JS
01
•rt O
JJ o
y u
< a
.
c
0
•rt
JJ
y
T3
01
>*
CO
^4
Q
J O
a £
m
•T
<-i
•H £
1 CO
M
• 3
, °
'
JJ
fl
*O
01
jj
n
.04
t*. t
z U
Frt fl
1 VH
> JJ
JT C
JJ fl
01 N
£ C
r- A
i 0>
£
M
—
'3
U 01
X JJ
0 3
JJ <4 O
£ jj w c
jj y o
Q 01 O -rt
,a IM a* •"
u-i w fl
41 'O -rt
3 > C X
0^30
x: o
!fl JJ 0 —•
•rt JJ fl
•-t J3 U
fl .rt >, -rt
u .e jj tn
•rt c -rt o
g .rt -4 ,H
41 -rt 0
u o fl .a
a
o
o
m
a
o
0)
1 0)
r-l hi
> JS
£ JJ
JJ C
41 fl
£ -<
i.8
rg y
i O
£ -H
M
' O
'O
_.
' J
i ^
' W
1 a
fl
£
"0
0) C
jj o
fl C
w
-------
•a
4)
3
C
•H
-J
0
^*
-.
u
u
J
1
fl
4)
r-l
fl
U
•H
O
"o
03
••
cn
cn
0)
u
0
&
c
o
jj
fl
u
jJ
c
0)
u
c
0
u
>j
*•'
cn
S
fl
_4
fl
«l
a.
c
o
TJ
u
••«
•H
cn
Ul
fl
U
•H
fl
U
•H
S
4)
U
CU
>,
13
3
JJ
U-l
0
C
o
JJ
a,
•H
W
U
U)
.c
cn
jj
c
01
5
5
»X
.^
»M*
•i
^
rn
0
cn
jj
3
cn
4)
a
jj
C
4)
3 •
-* U
VJJ fl
C £.
M tj
4)
cn a
fl >•
>.y
H
u H
3
^
fl
CJ
•H
e
01
u
fl .
o
z
o
jj cn
fl 01
> 01
•H U
4J O
U w
< a,
.
c
o
reduct
0*
00
1
O
£•
5
a.
m
3
»
1
X
4) 4)
Si JJ
rH fl
A fl
JJ Si
4) JJ
i r*
N a.
tn —
•H ^H
a >
1 r->
M
0
t
adable
0*
4)
5
a
3
at
iH
N 41
C J->
•U rM
f« fl
JJ JJ
3 £
co a.
1 0)
c >
4) 4)
^l
C
C JJ
adable
system
u i
^ p«4 CU
4) <0 Q,
Q C O
•-• 4) O
03 g 04
3
U.
,*4
>i 4)
JJ JJ
3 (Q
CD -t
Z £
1 JJ
•H £
a a
1 CO
J
o o
C* lO
O -< O -; — -.
0 OJ S> (-. ,3 |X
1
"n '
OJ
•
0)
"0
u
01
•a
0
a
_,
a:
4)
*H (Q
>. -i
0) JJ
•H £
Q a.
i f
j
t-4 1— »
«j
i^j
w
0)
fl
-a
*"0 *
cu c
-u 0
|Q
Si &
Jj JJ
0) -C
1 Ou
•_* «^
•^ — I
Q >>
i in
j
Ht
,
C
0
•H
JJ
••^ tjul
A 0
•H
£ cn
C ^H
•H 4)
0 0)
C -H
• JJ
07 "0
fl 'H
•a u •
fl 01 E
u jj a
tr u a,
0) fl
•a .a o
0 O
••H *J O
03 0 —
3
Of
01
>i <0
J= "<
JJ ,D
01 J=
•-( J3
o r*i
i ^
kj
H^
.
C
ductio
4)
of
O
0
Q,
a
in
— i
W
3
4)
>, (0
•£ >™^
*J (Q
01
c >
41 4)
C
fl ifl
C JJ
•H fl
4) E
.r* 01
fl cn
T3 >>
fl cn
:p
^3
3
^-4
(fl
TJ
0) .
jj cn
fl cn
> «
•-* o
jj 0
u u
<: a
Q
o
c c
0 0
•H
13 JJ
41 fl
cn "O •
fl fl U
A u. J=
= 01 tj<
-21^
Jj •- 4 O
"0 XJ O
W . — iw O>
Oi -I £ j 0 S
01 fl —, -4
•U JJ C.i 4) •»
o e 3* jj .
33 2 ^£ -^ ^ ^*
3
OS
i«t
>> 4)
U JJ
U" fl
O *
\ fl
Z Si
i JJ
•H £
Q 0.
1 00
hj
M
a,
3
u
fl
r?
JJ
"O. T3
0 •-*
m u
l-l <
1 4)
.^4 O
JJ 0
U W
< Q.
Q
8
c
0
c
T3 O
01 -H
cn JJ
fl3 fl
JQ T3 •
fl W
C )-i £
o ^n
•H 4) CT-
JJ TJ \
3-2§
T3 -Q O
01
0 E
01
-< u
jj o
u w
< a,
a
8
c
0
c
ng O
0) -^
cn jj
fl fl
fl U
C U JS
0 ^^
•-4 o) ty
JJ ng x^
0 O Q
3 -H O
•0 J3 U
4)
1-1 'o g
0*
CO 01 T
• JJ •
^O fl CO
cn Vj r^
a,
3
13
•H
u
4
U
•- *
*H
fl
JJ
jd
a.
t — i
J -H
M
Q
O
"~"
I
E-63
-------
^^
M
JJ
C
G
fl
'O *
u £ 2
3 - -
C ^
n * «
g -So
1 cTS
-4 --» -C
7 00.
H -H
0 JS
u cj
-
•«'
*
V)
JJ
c
ff
s
&
^
-o
3
CO
lu
0
CO
JJ
rH
3
CO
«
JJ
H c
•O 41
3 3 •
JJ r* U
CO M- fl
*M H* CJ
C IV
o jj a;
•HMQ,
jj fl >•
a 3 E"
•*H
o >.°
(fl "O «
a) g. Qj
U' JJ ^v
W H
j3
»-4
fl
O
•H
E
01
CJ
fl .
0
z
10
V.
•ft 1
1 {•
ji n
W 0
0) h
V 0
CO
• •£>
T- a
- o
"M krf
i 2
^x ^r
*"*
O
•
CO
fl
•o
in
c
•H
fl
fl
cn
V
Q
09
ft
a,
o
(M
3
C£
1
O
^5
U
H
W ~»
e^ o
1 C
Vj0 4/
% j^
T a
- 0
(N W
1 ~v
Ui ~
<~l
U3
CO
« g
| g
itf o
M CJ
4> U
OJ 0
CO U-i
#
co
^4
o
m
c
"*
uction
•o
(U
jjp
o
o
I
a.
o
o
(N
a.
^j
i
0
j*j
u
H
W ^
fr« O
1 C
U? A)
• £
T a
- o
i ~*
^ in
1-1
(N
0
1
J3
•H
Jj
C
•H
g
•D
0
U] JJ
U
V 01
JJ 41
a,
3 >
W
C? JJ
1
Q.
o
1
r-4
CO
o
i
0
JS
u
•H
Ll ^
t- 0
1 C
vO 4)
* ^j
T 0.
- 0
W
•
tn
fl
•o
c
•H
ction
3
•o
01
0*
cn
a
J
j
0
j;
U
•H
Ul ^
H 0
1 C
CO 01
« ^5
•* a
• 0
IN Ll
I *]?
X
1~(
«
cu"
3
jj
C
O
0
, - - -•
E-62
-------
1)
_ "
*r7 01
0) tl 2
3 ^ ±
C ^
U
cu
Ul
y -H
•H o
^n c
o u
-4 JZ
o a,
•H
03
Ul -H
in JJ
D 15
u y
tn
c in
O *0
••* r*
JJ CJ
<0
*H —I
JJ iQ
c y
01 --4
y E
c 01
35
IU
11
K
X
TJ
3
JJ
U]
**
O
c
o
• H
JJ
a.
•H
y
Ul
*
tn
jj
c
u
5
5
U
^J*
^
1
WJ
tn
jj
tn
a:
jj
e
3 •
>-4 1-1
H-l 10
C JZ
M U
•o
11
JJ 4)
>
2 H
xy
•O u
3 a
4J >.
A
^
in
01
o
O
z
yD
^
V)
JJ
c
"U
£
I g
^1 O
M y
01 W
1) 0
t
Ul
V|
J=
o
fN
C
•H
C
0
•H
y
T3
U
*"*
if
fN
e
£
Q,
O
O
fN
04
J
1
o
Q
^
J=
Pentac)
phenol
i "
« ^
(N
O
cfN 0
en «-i
•
Ul
V4 •
j:
Q
fN
r-4
C
c
0
4J
y
3
•O
I)
u
of
vO
CN
e
a
o
o
fN
a.
J
i
o
Wi
O
,•
y -i
(0 O
JJ C
C 01
0) .C
04 a.
i •"•
HI
D
1
r-4
Ul
*o
1> •
jj en
> D
•-i y
JJ O
y u
< a
•
c
0
•H
JJ
y
3
•o
01
an
• A
Uf
ON
1
O
ON
0
O
0)
•H y
4J 0
y >-
< a,
c
0
JJ
y
T3
U
40
in
ON
I
O
O
4
Phenol
i £
«
ON
<-*
~*
y
3
0
u
u
fl
•a
01
•iJ •
TJ U
€ u
•H 3
r*H 4J
y -4
y 3
< y
c
0
•H
jj
y
y
-a
u
00
r*4
f*
Q.
a
m
C
0
•H
JJ
y
3
V
a*
fN
V0
a
a
CO
M
Cb
1 Pherio 1
1 ®
M ^
vfl
C
"^
^
V
JJ
0)
•H y
-w O
U M
< a
*
u
e
o
y
c
i)
3
vu
IM
11
.a
9*
a.
^^
3 JS iO
a
IN ^ Q
O (N £H
&
04
O
o
tn
a
o
Phenol
I 0
M
rN
V
1
e tr
a< o
o
o m
(N
,-H (S;
f
Ul
jj
2
>^> ai
s
1 g
Sii 0
M y
D hi
D O
W »u
•
(A
M
ff
CO
e
•H
0
Jj
y
-o
01
u
of
O
O
i
a
0
0
CN
r-4 O,
U
aT
Phenol
i ->
M
J
Phenol
i
M
<
O
3
O
U
E-61
-------
TJ
41
C
•H
JJ
C
0
u
M
^
HI
*M*
JJ
**
0)
j3
(0
0>
u *"*
fr* *
O -4
•H O
cn c
s* MI
>-4 -C
OM
Orf
•H
••
c
•• O
UJ •-*
V) JJ
01 "3
0 0
O •-•
0, •«
07
C V)
O id
•H *-4
jj CJ
Id
JJ [Q
C U
1) -H
u g
5 j=
u a
•
Hi
(JJ
co
p
01
5
U
-^
*ri
^
C/}
li-j
0)
^J
U)
41
at
jj
H c
TJ 01
3 3 •
JJ H4 Wj
CO ^ rtj
C £,
04 HI O
0 -a
C 01
O JJ 41
H u) a.
JJ id >*
a 2 H
H
0 5sW
(0 TJ Ot
o; 3 a
a -u >
CO H
JJ
,-4
o
e
f*
f.
ra .
^
co
41
cn
TJ
3
M
TJ
41 •
JJ CO
r 01
3 §
o u
< a
a"
8
c
o
c
TJ 0
01 "4
V) JJ
(fl fQ
JM) *O
f0
C U
o cn •
•-» 0> k-i
jJTj-fi
o 5
3 -H cn
* £ 8
m 01 cn
•
JJ CO
cu
•H O
•u 0
U H
< cu
a"
8
c
o
e
TJ 0
01 -H
VI JJ
fl fl
XJ TJ •
UJ U
C U J=
0 0^
•H *
01
cn
TJ
3
^
UJ
•O
41 •
JJ VI
10 05
> 4>
•H O
JJ 0
U U
< a
a
o
u
c
0
e
01 •*
V) JJ
fd •d
J3 TJ •
«
t) CM 01
X O <0
S
cu
^H
CO
o
1
0
•H
c
a 'o
/ c
T 01
IN a.
i ^
^ fS
£
a,
r-4
(N
U-I
V) 0
UJ
2 «
w
4) J=
^
41
U W
< 0,
a*
8
c c
0 0
•H
TJ jj
01 ^
(0 TJ
fQ fQ
^3 ^
C 41 Vj
jj -H cn
U J3 X.
3 Q
TJ 1*4 O
01 0 O
01 C1
m «
CO M ^O
a.
3
1
O
jj
•H
C
a 'o
i j: . ..
•v 13
* j->
41
•H CJ
4J 0
U W
< a,
a*
8
c c
0 0
TJ JJ
CO TJ
03 itj U
Q W jZ
cn
c oi cn
0 "g ^
.-( CJ Q
JJ -^ O
0 J3 O
TJ ** U »-l
0.
3
0
C
£
a
0
i
•H
z
1 1
s a,
i cn
HI
— 1
CD
(U
0^
TJ
3
to
TJ
0) •
JJ CO
id CO
> 0)
•H U
JJ O
O l-i
< a,
a
8
c c
0 0
•+4
*0 JJ
CD rtj
W *O
13 fl
X3 xi •
c^ w
•-t 0 cn
JJ -H \
o ja a
3 O
TJ <*4 O
o) o
0) S
^^ (fl ^*
@\ Jj J«^
a
3
"o
C
cu
a,
0
^J
•H
Z
1
0
1 0
HI
CO
ul
3
u
O 01
cn
TJ TJ
01 3
JJ i-4
ra cn
•-4 TJ
Jj QJ •
CJ JJ JJ
d 01
0 feJ
Q. ^J ^
•
C
0
JJ
o
3
TJ
0>
00
cn.
v|
jQ
QJ
a.
f*»
CM
M
3
"o
C
0)
o,
0
JJ
•H
2
1
0
1 — i
M
CO
in
•
7)
JJ
_, C
s
f g
i
-------
T?
01
3
C
•^
*J
O
O
*"
1
cu
&}
J
2}
5
J-»
OJ
J
TJ
V
&•< i?
^_.
TJ cn
U i->
•H 0
0 41
-H JT
o c^*
OQ
..
C
•• O
01 —1
01 JJ
41 TJ
CJ 0
O •-•
U UJ
0, •-»
VI
C tfl
0 Tj
•H — 1
jj CJ
TJ
IH — 1
iJ TJ
C CJ
0) --I
0 £
C 01
O -C
u u
Si
TJ
3
4J
CO
U-l
0
C
o
•H
JJ
a
o
U)
w
0
en
^H
3
OJ
a:
c
^
r •
^ W
IU TJ
C .C
1-1 U
TJ
01
JJ OJ
o a
TJ >
3 f-
XCJ
TJ «
s a
JJ >
CO H
1
I
(0
y
£
2»
o
0
z
3
0)
CP
TJ
3
H«H
OJ
TJ
41 .
jJ (fl
HJ V)
> 01
•H CJ
*J 0
CJ W
< a
o"
8
c
o
c
TJ O
0) — I
tfl JJ
TJ TJ
f"| *^J
TJ
C VJ •
0 QP* ^*
•-. 01 JS
cj a CP
3 -H \
TJ -0 Q
01 O
U
a
3
_(
0
C/1
01
u
a
a
1 2
-
"^
33
01
CP
TJ
3
*— «
{/)
TJ
01 •
JJ «]
* w
> 01
•**4 O
O 1-
< a
Q*
o
u
c c
0 Q
• H
TJ JJ
01 TJ
in TJ
TJ TJ
_Q W •
CP W
C 0) J=
o T;
•H 0 CP
u J3 a
TJ *J O
0> 0
Xj CP
01 £
Of JJ
rn /O O4
CO M ^
a
=
i
'e
•H ^
Q 0
1 C
«r a;
r\i "a
^ ""^
,-*
33
f
0)
CP
TJ
3
*H
U)
TJ
0> •
4-j in
TJ W
> u
•H U
jj o
O 1-
< a
a*
o
u
c c
0 0
•H
*O iJ
OJ t3
C/l "O
f^ fO W
^3 v< JZ
CP
C 0) CP
0 « \
•H S Q
a ja o
oi "o E
oi tn
0* ~t
03 TJ O
a> w "(
a.
i
0
o
2
CJ
Q 0
1 C
TT 1J
(N ^L
1 2
^
^
-^
•
t/J
>^
TJ
TJ
vn
c
•H
01
TJ
TJ
TJ
CP
0)
TJ
0
• -4
03
e
UN
a
o
D
1
0
0
^
CJ
a o
1 C
rr cy
rJ" a
1 ^
-
0
•^
•
tfl
4j
c
_, 01
^i 0
M O
o< u
0) 0
•
U)
w
JC
in
r-i
C
.^
*"
0
CJ
3
TJ
X4
5*
O
o
•^
£
a
a
o
Q
(N
_
1
O
0
JJ
CJ
Q 0
1 S
rf 1)
0
M U
0) kj
ot o
00 •**
•
(A
u
*£•
n
on
C
•H
<—
0
CJ
3
01
U
of
O
O
£
a
o
o
0*
u
0
o
j£
'->
Q 0
1 C
"".. 2,
2
^!.
.^x
^"
y2
M
J
1
0
0
,c
y
Q 0
> C
5^ S
oj* "a
i 2
^
J
yi
4j
c
OJ
€
i g
^ 0
M CJ
0) ^
OJ 0
•
CO
^
J=
00
m
C
.«^
C
o
•H
JJ
o
3
a
a**
o
o
— 1
5
£-
C
OJ
o,
J
i
'^
0
•^
u
a o
1 C
u"> O)
04 a
i &
!-
_
•
yj
jj
~
2 oj
^H gj
1 ^
^ 5
M CJ
01 W
4) 0
co ^
,
tn
^
TJ
TJ
m
«
•H
—
0
3
U
tj
gA
0**
4)
•H U
o 2
< a
Q
8
ct
0
c
TJ 0
(Jj -^4
(/} XJ
'O ^3
ja TJ
TJ
0 CP >-
-( 4) .C
a o CTV
3 -I X
TJ ja a
0) O
Vj UH CJ
0
«» CP
to 01 £
i «j
in TJ in
CP W rn
a
«,
i
-r
£
f 2
ri ij
ioj a
.' ^
H^
-0
ii
•6
^^
w
TJ
0) • ,
Jj V)
-a M
> 01
•-< CJ
u 0
CJ l-i
< a
a
8
c
0
c
TJ 0
•A JJ
TJ TJ
.a TJ
TJ •
c ij u
o CP ^:
.-« 0)
JJ T5 CP
o o \
3 •-( Q
TJ -a o
0) CJ
W '-M
0 CP
o* E
LH U 04
• Jj I
*3* TJ CD
CTi U OJ
0.
3
1
^
^J
s
G 0
I c
^ ^
04 a
i ^j
-
3 ^
O
"O
3
yi
TJ
01
jJ (rt
tj en
> 0!
.-( CJ
JJ O
u u
< a
Q"
8
c
0
TJ 0
0) — i
•Jl JJ
TJ TJ
A TJ •
TJ W
C X .C
O CP
•H 4) CP
JJ TJ X
CJ O C
3 ~l O
TJ £( U
4)
k* u-i CP1
0 E
of
u"i 01 ^
• jJ '
TJ. TJ O
CA W ^^
a
=>
(
•^
,j
a
a
••H — ^
O 0
1 C
"1 _2
04 a
i ~1
'«
|
5
—
^
J
t
1
1
i
E-59
-------
E-58
-------
•o
a>
c
4j
0
u
I
M
(U
M
g- w
0)
"fl •'S
O O
•H -H
CP JJ
0 CO
^H 0)
0 0.
c
•• o
M -H
,
T3
3
ij
en
<*•(
C
o
•H
4J
0.
-H
U
O
(fl
y
U-i
0)
a.
a
c
V
8
•o
3
V)
0
CO
•»•>
3
,o
t3 ttJ
3 a
•W ^
A
T
11^
fl
u
e
0)
J=
a
o
z
_
r*j
"*
t
•Q
-------
E-56
-------
TJ
4)
3
C
•P4.
JJ
C
0
CJ
p^
1
a
u
_j
cp
g
jj
c
4)
ITJ ^
41 —
M
H V)
4)
ITJ -P4
O U
•H -p4
0* JJ
0 v)
-H 4)
0 CU
•H
CO »
•• o
W -H
05 jj
O O
0 -H
CU •-!
en
c in
0 ^
jj U
ITJ
W ^H
JJ IT)
C U
4) -^
U g
C 4)
0 -C
u u
•o
3
jj
to
*«
0
c
0
JJ
a
•H
U
u
VI
Q
S.
T
•
0)
in
£
4)
5
O
o
TJ
to
'o
V)
Jj
3
U)
4)
Cb
JJ
C
0)
3 •
pi W
IM TJ
C J=
TJ
jj 4)
M Q,
TJ ^
X E*
>u
3 a,
jj >.
j
.
TJ
(J
E
4)
O
i .
o
z
!N
-a"
3J
TJ
ITJ
4)
•a
>,
-H
TJ
0
IJW
•H
e
c^
•p4
V7
JJ
0
=
O
c
•H
U
1 pH
M
(N
•
»
£
C
TJ
U
••4
•H
C
o*
•H
V)
JJ
O
=
o
4)
*0
N
TJ
H
^4
JJ
0
c
1
1 4
p^
JJ
£i
•H
W
3
O
4)
C
IT]
•a
r"
1 f^
rj
i
CM
4)
ITJ
•O
TJ
>,
JJ
C
ITJ
U
^
C
0>
. j
0 0
JJ 3
TJ M
TJ Pi •
w en
CT1 JJ 4J
4) C •*
TJ HJ O
0 JJ 41
•i 3 Qj
a g vi
4)
U-l
•H
vu
(0
C
^
S
(N
5
CJ S
o a*
m
• 0
en eo
a
J
3
1 &
M
rsi
ffi
i
-J
a
c
Q
O
'-i
0
14^
1
PTJ
M
(41
4>
.
4)
X-4
•H
-H
1
"TJ
jj
ti
jC
^.
2
04
O* TT
o
o o
rsi r-t
=
ij
C
O
c
N
ITJ
a
i r«
M
IN
TJ
4)
TJ
TJ
4)
•a
>,
^
o
•*H
C
o^
•H
(0
JJ
i
3
O
e
0
c
H
N
TJ
a
1 03
"-5
1
rM
i
TJ
4)
TJ
W
CT>
4)
TJ
>,
jj
e
TJ
U
•H
C
.^
V)
JJ
i
3
O
C
•H
TJ ' '
p-l
4)
•H
a
1 ^
1-5
M
(N
t
TJ
4)
TJ
IT)
cn
4)
TJ
>,
jj
C
T>
U
• 1
c
.^
(0
w
i
=
o
c
•H
t,
c
1 O
f-J pH
Irj
1 "^
i
4)
TJ
(Q
pn
4)
"8
..4
a
=
O
i
£
1 -H
^ -•»
fN
TJ
4)
ITJ
CT>
4)
TJ
>.,
pH
JJ
Si
•H
rH
W3
1
O
O
in
s
O
^4
0
.-C
u
fl
JJ
04
4)
1 (N
pH
,03
_l
u
C1 T!
0 1)
'o •-(
J 0
Vj Pj
CM o^
o c
41 TJ
W 4)
3 4)
3
o
3
TJ
4)
W
of
r-
g
Q!
o
CO
•-1
M
Cb
4)
•H
U 4)
jQ Jj
W TJ
4) U
S O
1 rn
2 "*
CN
— H
TJ
41
TJ
ITJ
en
4)
TJ
«,,
JJ
ITJ
0
•H
c
•H
U)
JJ
i
3
o
4)
C
ITJ
TJ
| ^t
M ""
^
1
~
•i
0
o
E-55
-------
c
01
E
JJ
fl
T? 2
« £~
c °
I s»
8 |*
7 "o z
« a
3 .. i
oa cn -H
< cn jj
6-| 01 fl
O O
0 •*
M .
T3
JJ
U)
*J
e
0
-H
JJ
a
•H
U
CJ
U)
tt)
a
CO
Jj
flj
w
M
/^
cS
%_
^*
*T"t
^
— J
JJ
M
tl^j
*H
O
(/)
J 1
*J
*"H
cn
CU
CS
JJ
c
0>
"4 tl
UJ fl
e js
M CJ
•a
01
to a,
fl >.
3 f«
>.o
'O 11
3 a
jj >•
M e-
.a
fl
.
rH
fl
CJ
*v4
g
0)
CJ
0
1 c* {in
:N
~H
01
C"
TJ
3
.-H
cn
•a
0) •
jj cn
fl cn
> CU
•H O
JJ O
u u
< a
,
c
0
• H
JJ
U
•o
0>
Wl
df
O
<*•)
X)
a
CM
O
r»
PM
Q
b
0*
^
0)
.*
CJ
.^4
z
i in
tj fM
z M
T ica
1 "\J 'M 1 —(
I
^J i CD JT 1 -< i TN 1 O
1
r\i , ?N I !N i **i ; a , ? i
-HJ'-';— CU
•* u
jj 0
CJ U
< a
«
c
0
•»<
jj
o
•a
cu
u
of
CO
-«
i
iaj
i cn
•o
i
in
jj
c
05 §
1 E
CJ 0
M CJ
0) W
CU 0
CO ^
c
0
•r 1
JJ
•H
>3
•H
jr •
C jC
•H JJ
M 0
0 W
cn
c
0 — i
•I* fl
JJ U
fl ••*
-< C"
3 0
S t
•-4 0
JJ ••*
CO J3
0 «*-(
Z 0
1
a<
0
cn
i
m
CO
>J
E
H
jj
C
0
w
Ij
M
1 (^
U 01
— i U
jj O
0 J.
.
c
0
• H
JJ
u
T3
CU
w
o*
cn
00
I
a.
0
— i
3
a:
o
N
1 03
CJ (N
hH
, I 0
i iii : T
i 1
' ! 1
j |
i
1
1 i f
i 01
! , cn
*
tn
«j
2
1/1 1
1 6
O 0
M U
CU W
CU 0
cn >*-i
c
0
•-<
JJ
CJ
3
T3
cu
h
a*
fH
cn
i
o
a
w
fl
g
•H
u,
a
c
•• ^
/—
o
•H
JJ
O JJ
3 C
T3 CU
0> I
U JJ
fl
of CU
CO U
—I JJ
a.
m
(N
>,
U
fl
e
•H
U
a
«
••-*
—
0
• H
JJ
U JJ
3 C
T3 «
CU S
IH JJ
fl
«*> CU
^ U
i-l JJ
I
o
^4
a
a
^
CJ
u
tg ., ,
U °
tH
03 1
' £
U 0
M U
o> w
01 o
cn -*
co
TJ
CU •
jj cn
fl cn
> 01
••* o
jj 0
u w
< a
,
*+
5
• •4
Jj
0
•o
CU
u
-
i i _j
1 1 =
!»
.
T3
0>
JJ
•H
J3
• *i
"£
•f<
CU
X
fl
w
a.
3
90
O CN
<£ ,O
1
&
a
^
cn
O
a
b
CJ*
o
H -^^
N ' - N'
1 — '
CJ •*>
M
iS,
M
a
a
~+
CO
J
u
c
N
iS
M
1 3"*
"3
*^
cn
•o
cu •
•u cn
fl cn
> 0)
• H O
jj o
u w
< a
%
C
0
•H
jj
o
•o
CU
u
0*
r«
in
a
a
r*
in
n
3
K
O
C
*^
N
o rn
M
' w
-
!
E-54
-------
3
C
0
U
u
J
s
r*
—^
M
^•^
JJ
C
0)
1
2
6* —
0
—t •—
ftj
o tn
•M ^-t
O^ t3
0 -U
rl 0)
0 X.
•->
55
V) JJ
Proce
;if ica
UI
c «
o ^
•*H ^H
jj U
fl
c o
(U -4
u e
C 0)
O JZ
U 0
U-t
D
31
JJ
c
2
o
^
'T1
"2
3
Vj
0
in
JJ
3
VI
W HI CJ
0 -a
C 0)
O jj 11
H in a
JJ ITJ Ss
a. 3 H
0 X°
U) >O 0)
9) 3 a
a -u >,
CO f«
J3
.
tf
.f^
£
^;
O
TJ •
O
z
JN
b
,
o
c
0
u
JJ
0
o
1 O
0 0* S
• o a,
o -< a
23
o
— *
m
C + -
O U
W ti,
M ^-»
1 ^*
M
0
CM
0
•H
JJ
CJ
3
•a
0)
«j
rn
CO
s 2
Pj
p» ""J
^ JJ
r^ S
O
^1
U
c
0
M
i in
t-H
5
• H
JJ
U
3
-0
0)
<*>
(N
vjD
g 0)
3 C
^O — < O
• 0 w.
o in •-.
^
~
•o
jj
|
"c
.H
d)
Jli.
•TJ
JJ
a
3
CM
O
1
Hi
0
o
1
o
o
"3
fl
y
I ^0
o^
_
,"^«
.
J
J.J 3
' J O
"-> U
o ^
CJ 0
tn •«
—
0
._,
4j
•^
^
•*^
^ t
C J™
•^ «J
3
W 0
0 ^
JJ U
fl — .
3 0
S ->
•H 0
•U --i
'Jl Q
0 U-4
Z 0
-a
a
a
0
in
i
in
en
j
^
(TJ
S
i r-
o -1
^_
j
.
in
C3 ^
1 a
CJ 0
i-t U
u w
^4
j^J
C3
uO
1
f-4
^
§
«•*
o
|
u-1
VI
_j
U
3
J
W
S
i ^
^ CN
^,
—
.,
21
3
^-4
T3
jj tn
> (U
.-, u
jj o
u w
< a.
3
. ,^
CJ
3
TJ
11
U
at>
03
t
J1
3
"in
-3
•^ s
> O
jj 0
u u
< a,
,
0
•H
JJ
O
•o
-------
*^
M
»••*
JJ
C
01
5
|Q
Ir? *
M £
2 H —
1^3
% " in
C ._, .1
O ^^ /Q
U 0 JJ
zr "• "
71 or
' -H
u aj
u e
J •• 0
201 -1
en jj
6- o) m
O CJ
O -i
04 -H
c tn
o *o
•H rH
JJ O
£ «
c u
0) '1
c S
.35
•
01
*
tn
4J
dj
|
n
CJ
-
^7*
3
*^
C/7
fj
**
3
U)
UV
u*
jj
H c
•O 4)
3 3 •
JJ .-I Li
05 IM iTJ
IM i-i CJ
0 T3
C 01
o jj o)
•H co a,
JJ 10 >
a 2 E-I
o >»°
in TJ o)
« a Q,
J3
fl
o
•H
1)
fj
03 .
0
Z
en
0
"*
o
<7>
in
o
CT> jog m ^
O ; JN
•-i
(N
V4
IM > 3 tn
0) 0) JJ
> JJ C
M U) «
3 ft ~*
M 3 a.
•
o
c
o
u
c
01
3
i-H
S
D
_£J
a,
a
VJ?
i»4
jQ
s-
a,
r*
W
3 JJ
E
w
144 OJ
0 JJ
H) .
>, 3 JJ C
LI tn iq
3 fl rH
cn 3 a
i
u
3
T3
0)
M
0^
09
1
fN 73
(N Q)
>
(J)
2
o
m
M C5
Q
b.
H
§
^
•C
CJ
1
cj in
M
03
•
CJ
§
y
e
0)
3
^M
4)
j
*•«
a,
CN
•
O
0.
in
"i
a
Cu
O*
H .«•.
§ +
iW W
J= CJ
CJ ~
i
U *J?
*"*
ai
•0
.
O
C
0
u
4J
« •
•o a
oi a.
jj
•i O
J3 0
g
c c
•1 fl
4) jJ
e
o
ai
0
^
jj
•H
Z
IM
o
t3
3
10
.
JS
jj
3
0
CT>
"3
y
^•4
0
£
n
X , 01
10 U 4J
Jj 1} /•**
a - -a
3 tl i '^
1) t *^
CM U | C
O T>|i-»
i
0
O
0
o
0
7 &
^ a
a
O
• p4-.^>*
cw?
JC O
o —
1
0 r-
M
in
o
i
03
°
0
(N T in
rsl
(N ,-N
^
9 1
T?
; ' ' i
•
iTJ
14
0)
y
«
£t
E
a
10
-
— 1
cS
tioj
M
0)
•0
3
tn
TJ
01 •
jj in
iq in
> 01
y u
< a
•
i~
5
y
3
4J
u
of
in
E
a
a,
o
»H
|3
flj
k4
S,
0.
0
CJ
o o
C/J tJ
en
c
o
•H
JJ
y
3
0)
0*
r-
i—
^
€
1
4)
•H
A
y
a
•o *
§ M ^
Ll iM C3
a
t.
LI
0)
a.
a
0
CJ
1 O
O i
M
*
A
jj
C
03 E
U 0
M y
4) LI
0) 0
CO IM
S,
JJ
3
0
LI
o>
,•4
y
I
0
-Q
1
jj
13
d
3
E
jj
C/l
O
ro
1
in
.
J=
JJ
3
O
CP
rl
y
•**4
^
Q
^^
0
^J
T3
0)
jj
.^
_q
•i
jj
C
M
J3
1
in
i
O
in
CO
^
LI
01
a,
a,
0
u
i •-•
a -H
M
0)
T3
3
tn
*^j
0) •
JJ 10
>a in
> 0)
•H y
jj o
y LI
< a
t
c
0
•1
JJ
y
3
•o
0)
40
in
p^
1
O
Q
0,
CJ
^4
0)
a
a
0
o
1 fN
M
c
U
' ,—
n
.
o
c
0
o
JJ
fl •
•o a.
4> Q.
•i O
.0 0
•i ^H
s c
•i fl
JC
4) JJ
•* u
JJ 0)
a. jj
S (Q
01
CM M
O {Ji
0
o
o
O §4
* a.
^
o
4.^
CM
c+
0 01
U Ct,
1 1*1
o ^
l-l
o
E-52
-------
•o
OI
c
§
y
M
u
j
s
JH^
M
*••*
JJ
C
I-
jy &4
(0 —
0)
Ll (A
H C
~2
iq LI
U *
•H y
ff-S
^ iq
0 S
CO
•*
c
•• 0
«> •-!
(/I JJ
01 fl
U U
o •"«
04 -H
c
•o
3
JU
CO
c
0
4J
o,
•H
Ll
o
W
s.
X
•
01
ac
en
.
si
P
9
5
U
•^
T3
13
JJ
CO
O
09
JJ
"3
U)
0)
a
jj
c
01
3 •
-4 Ll
U-l 10
C J=
•H CJ
•a
01
j^j flj
tf) CU
rd >
3: e«
ikO
1-2,
jj >
CO f*
J
ifl
o
"e
2i
^^
i •
o
z
in
o
~ 5
U P
B;
•H JJ
C 2 (0
01 01 JJ
> JJ C
LI u> iq
co * a.
c.
0
jj
y
•o
01
^
o
o
r^
(Tl
•
^4
1
• a,
o a.
M
0
*
CM
e
Li
0
0
Q
•W
CO
ci,-
r-4
CN
i
c
0
"i
4J
y
•o
0)
Ll
^
o
o
(«^
j3
Oi
a.
^
^
^
C/3
3
a»
^5
•H
O
J~
c y
O fl
25 Li
<0 01
CJ £1
i«
M
in
Co
•
£0
C
(U
S
| C
Cb 0
H-t U
1
01 Ll
oi o
c
0
JJ
y
T3
V
U
,,„
O
o
FH
,,Q
0,
Q,
ft
•*
U
g
0
0
Ll
0
.c
0
Cu ">
un
^o
•
CO
XJ
c,
01
^^ £
i S
tu 8
H4 0
0) Ll
o> o
CO >u
•
y
c
0
y
e
i Ll
£ 0
JJ ~1
01 J=
Z 0
cL *
Lfl
o
,
U!
JJ
c
Cu O
M y
0) Ll
Oi 0
CO "t-i
o
s
0
y
J^
c
0>
14-1
0)
JQ
a
a,
0
o
e- c
^ £,
• jj
—1 0)
» 0
^ Ll
Cu^
33
—
J
fl
O 01
•a -a
01 3
jj — t
>q 01
L, .H g
0) JJ JJ
•o y *
3 iq o>
0 Ll
,
0
• H
JJ
y
3
T}
o
f)
.
•H JS
Li JJ
6-. Oi
Cu ®
O C
r-t .
M JJ
H (U
&L<*
Ll
0
t
a)
jj
c
~< *•
| CJ
Cu 0
M y
01 Li
oi o
CO «-i
C
o
JJ
o
3
•a
^
#»
o
O'
^
a,
a.
CO
M
o
or
•o
Li
0
^
u
^
c
>
ci.o
^^
-r^
C
§
.^
jj
c
0
u
E-51
-------
•a
,
T3
3
4J
C/}
u-t
C
O
•H
JJ
a
o
U)
u
•
0)
cs
Cfl
JJ
C
e
§
o
u
•o
3
to
(44
0
U)
JJ
3
M
01
3 •
*•* Vw
^4 13
C -C
M O
•o
.
s e-
>,a
•n O)
3 a
JJ >.
Ul H
1-1
•H
01
a
V
•H (J
JJ 0
U U
< a
.
c
0
• H
JJ
O
3
0)
U
00
in
@\
i
in
so
^ •jj'm
T3 HH JJ
O < *n
f^ ^^
5 O
a o
O tM CN O
CQ o ^r -<
M
Eu
a
0
Wl Wl
a oi
0 £
U) J
u -<
M
7
-u
fQ
u
qj
10
t3 •
1) C
jj 0
TJ 0
m tr
U «J
.
C
0
• H
JJ
U
3
•o
O>
on
0
en
i
O
^
1— 1
Cu
r— 1
CU
0
i-l W
a. 01
0 JS
tn -j
o
*™^
t? a>
Hj &\
X TJ
•-( 3
e -i
(0
-H -0
0< OJ •
JJ JJ U)
01 iQ VI
•H > 4)
a, -^ o
E JJ 0
O 0 Vi
u 10 a
.
g
0
^
a
3
TJ
01
«*
in
Cf^
i
in
CO
i-i
b
ft
a
0
u u
a a)
? —
i !N i «
M
^^
•n
3
c
•H
c
0
^
E-50
-------
c
0)
5-.
^^ cu o
TJ i- ^>
D E-
o
u
«
-I U
jj y
0^ £
5 °
0 <
••^
CD
C
•• O
(0 -H
en jj
CJ O
O -H
a. •«
c tn
o *ts
C U
0) •-*
U S
C OJ
O £
u o
0)
>,
•o
JJ
CO
U-l
C
C
o
JJ
c.
u
u
en
Jj
,-4
3
V
«
nfluent
har.
•-> O
cu
JJ 0)
in c.
3 c-
>0
T3 CU
3 O.
Cfl E-
n
^^
1]
CJ
•H
5
0
6
i
-H vO
""* 1
fN
cu
ii
TJ
T3
cu
•4J •
•- 1 C.
a o
•rj '~4
_£ iJ
C ^5
•f^ ^3
•H
OJ X
.* O
fO
U <4J
a o
in
O £
S
o
0
m
Q
O
2 2 a
3J U D
">• ">,'>,
XXX
1 1 1
S. 0 i
3 3
cn
JJ
TT ^)
T E
Q 0
M a
CU h!
O O
CO «-
0
0
u
JJ
c
cu
3
IM
U-l
1)
.Q
a
a.
o
•
tn
r-l
1
o
~
1
o
(N
1
0
-------
I
c
•rt
4J
0
y
i
u
u
J
-~
c
oi a
JM •»
co
•H O
y xi
•H (0
0 0
-H U
0 <
Process:
iif ication
tration
al Class
Conceit
Chemic
0)
a.
CO
x>
c
01
0
•o
XI
CO
IU
0
co
XI
ft
co
0)
at
f Study
Influent
Char.
u -o
C 41
0 -U 0
H co a
a s £"
u :*w
CO »O 4)
of, 3 a
° to £
b
Chemical
fl .
0
2
en «N
01 M
t) XI
CT fl -H
in u x
>£ ^J O
• co
1 3 0
n co
in co
• IX] 14
Ort f?
1
a
o
a
o
Toluene
1 fS
a r-
HH
o
4J
•o •
oi cr
xi 0
X fl
41 T3
•H
Q^
IXI
<»• U
ft f
CO fV
1
o
m
a
o
Toluene
I m
Q r-
M
in
lunicipal
eatment
B M
XI
(N
"o x/
>i 2 CO*
> x) C
w co fl
3 fl «H
to > a
y
0
xl
c
01
0>
n
a
o
1
o
1
o
1
CO
M
a
Toluene
Q r^
0
in
4)
ty
•2
aj
•n
01 •
xi CO
fl co
•-« y
xi 0
u u
< a
• H
Jj
y
•o
01
w
of
0
U">
13 X) O
fl ^ O
0 0
1-4 (N ^
Q X«
03 0 13 "-
M
fc
Toluene
i m
Q r-
cn
' continents.
O
M-l
O
CN
a
a>
CO
co
0
c
0
'educt]
a*
o
o
1
0
0
m
1-4
=
m-Toluidine
a r-
M
S
• comments.
1
0
1,2,'4-Trich]
robenzene
1 CO
Q r»
s
• comments.
O
o
(N
1
a
0>
41
CO
CO
O
m
c
0
"educt.
of
Q
O
S
a
a
o
o
-
=
1
0
1,3,5-TrichJ
robenzene
O r»
5
-1
\
5
C
O
0
U-l
O
ra
Q
cu
CO
(fl
o
m
c
0
y
3
•o
01
o
o
1
a
o
0
-------
TJ
OI
3
C
•H
JJ
C
o
u
I
u
s
E-
^*
M
•™*
JJ
C
IT] —.
o> o
Ll —
E"
u)
rH O
ITJ •*
U JJ
•»4 10
'H Ll
o <
••4
0)
less:
ration
0 •-(
0rf •*•*
C/}
c en
0 *fl
••H ^
JJ U
IB
Ll .-4
JJ IT]
C O
0) — »
U S
c oi
O -C
CJ 0
u fl
C -C
i
3-|:z 6-
*4
CJ >.u
en TJ oi
V 3 Q.
d jj >,
w H
rt
>•
O
•H
£
01
O
* .
0
n
^
^
C •
•* c
Ll 0
3 -H
TJ JJ
IT]
TJ Li
O> 01
JJ 10
• *4
J3 oi
a .a
1 O
O vO
-H
01
a
C ^3
0 0)
•H N
JJ -H
ITJ rH •
TJ -H TJ
•H JJ 0)
X 3 TJ
0 TJ
CU ITJ
VO TJ
.
_Q
TJ "
Oi C
JJ 0
TJ 0
Oi CP
£4 -I
•
c
o
•H
-J
u
3
TJ
^j
0*
O
0\
1
O
r-
w
i
O
1
'H 1
>, r«4
^ 3
^ cn
01
SCO)
•H N TJ
0 . TJ
-H 3
01 -4
JJ CO
01
aH
S JJ
0 fl
o >
*
c
0
.J
u
3
TJ
01
Ll
qp
O
O
1
in
cn
M
I
tb
01
£
Oi
w -.
>
4J
W
1 *^
O *^0
Cl.
01
3
•5-
cn
1 T
^ *«o
cn
c
O ^j
a o
M U
0> Li
01 0
tn w
•
U)
^
_g
c
rsi
^
C
^
0
JJ
o
3
TJ
O>
Li
O
CO
&
a
0
o
(N
a.
0
o
•
tn
~
O D
(N g
I 5
Q 0
M 0
0) Ll
01 0
tn ui
•
**
•H
TJ -H Li
0> W 0
S **•* *
3 >. e
u> LI u o
S Oi 0) — <
0 > JJ JJ
0 1*4 *
.. ITJ Ll
CM w oi oi
O Ll Ll TJ
JC 0)
0 JS 0
C*1) Ll
• ^"0
(N -4
« JS
-I 0
1 ^«£
O ^0
3
1
*4 •
TJ
JJ
ITJ
Li
01
TJ
~^
o
TJ •
01 C
JJ 0
ITJ 0
to CT*
Ll IQ
•
C
0
•H
JJ
O
3
TJ
Ll
of
O
cn
i
0
M
Cb
CU
c
01
3
"o
E-
i cn
^5 ^p
1-4
-1 (T>
CJ 'JJ
TJ a
o
TJ 0
oi u
x a,
•H
E > TJ
rt 3
01 r-l
JJ C/}
01
*S ^
Qj (D
§4J
IT)
o >
i
c
0
•H
JJ
O
3
TJ
CU
Ll
of
O
O
1
in
u
l^ ^4
0
Li
0 •
TJ «-i C
01 O
jj TJ — «
•H 01 JJ
J N TJ
•-( -H TJ
JS TJ -^
S -H X
•i x o
0
(1) **J
JK: :* o
IT) -H
jj jj tn
a. js LI
3 Oi JS
•H
CM ^t ^1
o tn
-------
•o
4>
3
0
U
a
s
M
^•r
JJ
C
01
J
fl -.
01 Q
w «-
-1 0
fl -H
u -w
•H fl
cf o
-1 U
0 <
•H
CO
ess:
ation
o u
0 "«H
i. i^j
C (0
0 fl
•H r*
jj U
fl
U —I
JJ fl
c o
41 -H
U E
C 01
0 JS
U 0
<«'
01
a:
w
*J
c
41
g
§
U
^
TJ
JJ
U)
UJ
o
(fl
jj
3
in
jj
H c
TJ 0)
3 3 •
JJ -H Wl
CO liJ fl
C JS
0 TJ
C 4)
O JJ 01
•H w a
4J (^ >^
a 3 e-
•H
U >.°
U) TJ 41
a) 3 a
Q JJ >i
co fr.
™
fl
o
•H
e
01
jC
u
fl .
0
z
^
fN
•
c
0
0
3
TJ
4)
Li
OP
O
O
o.
m
CO
3
41
C
41
S
e
J*3
0
M
JJ
.^
Z
i en
O ^
CO 1— 1 IX > — ' I-1 — ' —i —i 3 O
in Ico
o
i CP i w
1- 73 .SO)
13 3 i D —
O —i
jl
TJ
4) TJ
JJ 0)
fl jJ
> fl
•H >
JJ -H •
U JJ JJ
fl u e
fl OI
^j g
0) i3 JJ
TJ fl
3 C 4)
0 Q LI
CL J3 JJ
•
C
o
•H
JJ
O
3
4)
Li
O
•
vC
cn
v|
ja
a
a
o
m
in
M
3
4>
C
4>
N
C
OI
_fl
0
Jj
^
z
I O
Q in
H* h*
JJ Ll
0> 0>
U CO
Q (fl
3
B C
•M -H •
x tn
fl OI C
£ £ O
•H O
> jj cn
fl fl
TJ C "I
O
•
0
c
0
u
c
4)
3
r- 1
Ul
U-l
4)
a
a
r-4
»
o
A
ja
a
CO
in
a
fj
-
01
c
&l
N
c
4)
f*^
0
u
jj
^
Z
1 — 1
O m
Oj33 3 X X CO CO
i ' , ! • • • =
c
a
3
Li C
0 0
U-l -H
JJ
TJ fl
0) TJ
JJ •-•
•-H X
ja o
•H
JS 'J-l
c o
O)
•-» O
JJ o
U Li
< a
Q
8
c
0
c
TJ O
41 -H
in jj
fl fl
J3 TJ
fl
C Li
0 Cn •
•H 01 Ll
JJ TJ JS
0 0
3 -H Cn
TJ JO \
41 Q
Li Uj O
0 U
0*
T 41 Cn
• jj £
f^i fl
O.
3
U
'o
N
C
0
u
jj
-I TJ "
Z •-»
1 U
E <
i i **
0)
cn
TJ
3
*—i
tn
TJ
01 •
jj in
fl tn
> 41
JJ 0
O ^
< a
a
8
c
0
c
TJ 0
41 •*
tn JJ
fl fl
J3 TJ
fl
C Li •
O cn u
— • 0) JS
JJ TJ
U O Cn
3 -H X.
TJ J3 Q
41 O
L, U-l O
0
of cn
«T 4) S
fO flfl C3
TJ
3
^H
in
TJ
0) •
jj tn
fl 4)
•-» O
jj o
U W
< a
Q
8
c c
0 0
•H
TJ JJ
01 fl
tn TJ •
fl fl LI
ja w js
Cn
c 41 cn
O TJ V.
U J3 O
T3
3
rH
cn
TJ
0) *
JJ 01
fl cn
> 4)
-H y
jj o
O LI
< a
~
C JJ
0 fl
TJ fl
41 LI
cn cn
fl 4)
J3 -g
C -H •
o ja LI
u o cn
3 \
TJ 41 Q
3 0) JJ O
TJ iw cni u fl (j
4) 0 £ ; Li
LI y? cn
4) r- ,in •* B
dt JJ •
IN fl cn
• a
03 O -I
V
•H O
JJ 0
O Li
< a
Q
8
c c
0 O
•H
TJ JJ
4) fl
W TJ •
fl fl Li
J3 M JS
C 4) Cfl
0 TJ ^s
•H O Q
JJ -H O
o ja a
3
41 "o e
oi in
4* JJ
CO fl tN
CA U n
a.
=>
01 0)
c =
41 0)
3 3
i— * i-H
0 0
jj jj
0 0
JJ Jj
-< -H
2 Z
i i
o a
,TJ , =
11
i jj ! o
uw
0 M
of JS
• ^"
n ^
^H fH
X,
4)
TJ JJ
O «-i
M fl
^3 T3
•^ 0)
X JJ
0 LI
4>
> X
r^ 4)
3
o a
a
o
0
m
a
0
0)
c
•H
^4
0
r-^
U-l
0
jj
fl — '
U
fl
^
o
TJ *
01 C
JJ 0
fl O
oi cn
LI fl
e
0
jj
u
TJ
01
<*>
O
in
i
o
M
Cb
01
TJ
"3
TJ
fQ
M
•H fl
z jo.
' (** 1 1 CD 1 lTt
Q in
M
0 in C „->
M -M
E-46
-------
-3
4J
3
C
•H
JJ
0
y
I
u
W
I
*^
M
^^
JJ
C
41
^
(Q ^*»
41 Q
Ll '-'
6-
10
fH y
fl .^
y -u
•H ID
cT o
--( Ll
0 <
•H
CO
*•
ess:
ation
0 £
Q. •-(
C UI
O fl
•u a
,
•3
U
CO
vu
c
O
jj
a
H
LI
u
01
£
£
t*
UI
4J
C
4)
£
S
a
^
13
3
jj
CO
*44
o
01
jj
3
UI
4)
ce
jj
c
4)
3 •
'H L|
W-4 ITJ
1-4 CJ
•3
41
JJ a)
ui a,
IT) >•*
2 6-
^U
3 1
W 6*
\
i
iH
y
•H
E
41
CJ
6
z
rr
i-H
a 01
0
•H Ll
4J 4)
a a
•o
•^4 *^J
X 41
0 ui
3
E
JJ p» 4)
*4«* • JS
< *-• y
1
O4
tn
O
— 1
a
o
01
41
N
C
f]
•••4 •
JS
JJ
u
4S
S
•
W
4J
C
^1 £
1 C
O 0
M y
4) W
41 0
W •*-(
•
CO
u
J3
0
(N
,•4
C
0
Jj
•o
41
Ll
or
0
1
0
o
(N
a,
j
|
0
u
0
^ 41
JS C
y 4i
IT) N
X C
4) 41
O n
. N Li
= C JJ
1 4) — i
. Li 41
JS itj ^*-
jj y ••*
01 41 Li
z c jj
1 4) -H
rg N c
43
U-l
0
ui
LI
jj
CN
p*
U
41 *
JJ C
<4-l 0
IT1 --4
y ITJ
•H 13
X -H
O X
0 0
•3
i 41
U-l
0
ui
Ll
J^
(N
r^
u
41 •
•u c
Uj Q
"^ --^
•J fl
-| -3
X —4
C X
6-0 6-0
1
a.
o
0
in
a
c
i
c
41 1
55
>, Li 0)
JS IT) *^
jJ CJ •"»
41 41 Li
Z C JJ
1 0) -i
fl N C
Q *r
a.
c
o
in
Q
O
1
C
J-J '
X Ll 01
JS ITJ — 4
JJ (J .H
U 4) L,
Z C JJ
1 0 -H
T N C
1 TT
a
Li iQ
6- -I
(
C
0
JJ
y
•3
41
Ll
O
1
0
r-l
r-l
^
w
v
ai j a j 3
•S" -3 :-? !
3 13 ,3
W
^H , ^^
U] i CT]
1 j
•o l-o -o
41 • 0) a •
iJ UI
> 41
•-* y
jJ o
y L!
< a
Q
o
o
c c
0 0
•3 jJ
4) ITJ
W *3
T) T]
-3 u
^ w
G 41 JS
0 -3
•H 0 O1
jj •* \
y J3 c
•3 «« U
4) 0
LI c^
jj i jj cn
ID D Jl i
•H
y
Q
O
CJ
C C.
O 0
T3 JJ
41 ID
ui *3 *
iD iD Li
^3 Vj JS
fji
- a en
0 T3 \
•H S Q
JJ -H O
y ja cj
3
13 «w ^
41 0 E
Ll
41 E ! 41 O5
oft jJ 1 s^ JJ •
^* (tl O ^ fl 1^1
C^ Vj »^
a
^ L, ^
a.
i.
3
1
f-4
u a
4) =
rH -H
^* 'O
tJ Li
1
N
c
a
J3 0
3
J< "O
> 0)
— t CJ
jj 0
y u
< Cu
a i
o
o
C S
0 0
•3 JJ
41 D iD
J3 Li •
0s Li
C 4) JS
0 -3
•HOC1
Jj >f4 *V*
y n Q
3 O
•3 >w O
4) 0
^ C^
41 E
9P JJ
00 (D ^
c^ w ^
cu
(
1
D
1
1
* 1 >- -
fl, -* JS
2 z <5
S T 2
0-3 0 . ti
Ll >,
^ (1) C
*J JS -1 13 «
W
c i
N
3 1
-Q i
0 t
•H U -^ ^_ n W
Z -3 Z ? 3 U-
1 ^E a
0 " i3|2 '
' ^ ' vo iJL^ i A ®
Q^-a»T c^r ,— ^
E-45
-------
TJ
0>
C
•H
4J
C
0
y
u
^^
t-t
*H*f
JJ
C
D
S
jj
ITJ —
4> a
LI — -
£4
in
~t y
IT) -H
••« (TJ
0^ £
0 0
—I Ll
O4f
^
•H
CO
ess:
ation
y y
o -H
O, -H
c H
0 TJ
•H .— 1
JJ U
TJ
W **^
JJ ITJ
c y
D ••*
y e
C 41
o -c
0 U
**
X
tfi
JJ
c
jj
3
V)
of
JJ
N <=
TJ 1»
3 3 •
j-> — I Li
C/l i
a 3 f-
••j
LI
y > C
•U 0
y -i
41 JJ
^ L)
3 4)
W *
in
LI
0)
jj
Uj
TJ
^
•H
JJ
C
3
C
0
•H
JJ
y
3
TJ
U •
Lj to
Z 13 j
a.
£
,— i
a
j
i O i
0 -H
W JJ
O 4)
"» 0
y >i
•H X
Q 0
1 C TJ
V 01 -H
- j= y
.
H X
a o
1 C TJ
vfl 41 •**
• .CO
rM a <
I r-
Q (N
w
iLi
~
1
•
01
^J
c
vD U
M U
01 L)
D 0
W
^
TJ
'U
r^
^
• c
JS •-•
JJ T3
0) -H
e i-
•H y
a TJ
1 N
y\ g
- U
a IN
M
~
-
*
,
C
Ll 0
D -H
IU TJ
TJ TJ
.1^
TJ X
oi o
•H IW
J3 0
• H
J= tfl
C L,
0) TT
u* ^i
fl -(
a u
3 01
^ itw
O TJ
S
a
a.
o
o
ui
a
o
i
r-t
> 4)
^r e
jj ••*
11 T3
6 -H
-* Lj
a y
1 TJ
O N
i"H C
- a;
is
M
'-.
D
CP
TJ
3
-H
M
T>
4) .
jj en
TJ W
> 4)
•H y
jj 0
y LI
< a
a
O
u
c
0
t?
(y
07
TJ
rX3
e
0
jj
y
3
TJ
41
LJ
O
in
a
3
1 T3
O •-*
LI y
jj <
c y
H -.H
0 0
.1 N
m c
* 4J
r-1 ^3
1 — I
a n
l-l
—
3
u
0^
TJ
3
CO
TJ
4) •
JJ CO
TJ U7
-2 y
±J 0
y W
< a
•
Jj
4)
3
»H>4
Uw
U-l
01
C
•-«
0)
J3
TJ
jj
U
U
0)
TJ
Q
Z
1
O
m
Q
l
0
Ll
JJ
-H
C 01
o a
1 3
» 0
1
HH
0
o»
a<
TJ
3
C/5
TJ
01 •
JJ U)
TJ W
> 4)
•H y
JJ 0
y LI
< a
•
c
o
•p*
JJ
y
3
TJ
4>
O
00
CO
$ t
ri a
3
a
i
0
4J
H
C 01
a S
I 3'
4)
^j 0
y LI
< a,
c
0
jj
y
TJ
0)
LJ
0->
o
0
r
i
ul
^
7J ^Vo
ffl Ml* ^
° I**
Q ^ O
O "^ -4
•
c
0
vjj
y
3
TJ
01
Ll
of
O
r-1
S
a
C
TJ 0
0) CT
&• ^
t
C
0
aj
y
3
TJ
0)
Lj
0p
0
0
^
o
fft
M
Cb
0)
c
01
N
C
0)
-^
j£
jj
W
a n
M
—
o
,
— 1
*^
TJ
TJ
X
e u
O1
> TJ
i-t 3
41 ~<
JJ U]
41
-* TJ
a, oi
0 TJ
0 >
c
0
•H
Jj
y
3
TJ
0)
Ll
«•
O
o
rH
1
in
M
J
41
c
4)
N
C
0)
.0
^
Si
JJ
W
Q m
HH
3
C
' "™*
•^
c
o
"™*
E-44
-------
C
Jj
-» S S
•o w —
0) E^
3 «
c ~* y
8
u
!
O 0
-4 Ll
o <
c
.. o
01 •-«
01 JJ
41 IQ
2^
a, •*
01
C 01
O fl
>4
TJ
w
VUI
C
O
• •4
JJ
a
•H
Li
y
in
S
f
A
IT
01
CO
Jj
a
41
8
>,
TJ
3
JJ
M
O
01
jj
01
01
as
c
01
s E-
xy
TJ 4)
3 Q.
V] H
^
fl
y
•H
S
01
£
U
.
o
2
=0
•*.
a
o
a
c c
0 0
•H
TJ 4J
4) /o
01 TJ
j3 Li .C
tr .
c u in
0 TJ X
•H c5 Q
jj •-( O
U J3 CJ
3
T} t4 0>
01 O S
Ll
4) in
0* JJ •
fl CO
en LI co
04
3
TJ
•H
y
y
•H
0
N ••
C
4>
03
1 m
Q r*4
1 >-J
1
0»
TJ
3
f^
(fl
TJ
0) •
JJ 0)
fl in
> 4)
•H y
y u
< a
c
JJ
y
TJ
0)
Li
dC
O
O
»™4
1
l^
ai
TJ IT*'
fl ~ JJ
0 \. lw
Q "* 0
O H-l ,
a.
N
C
0) -•
03
1
^*
n
1 vO
Q rH
M
5
,-
0
JJ
fl
41
fl
Uj
o
Cfl
j2
CN
u
O
U"1
y
•H
X
0
E-
S
a
o
o
m
o
o
1
••4
>t
JJ 0)
3- C
03 41
1 N
y c
01 4)
vi .a
i c*
Q rH
;«
c
0
jj
fl
t.
M
0)
fl
U-l
0
i^
_*
^i
Li
0
c
01
N
c
01
J3
0
Ll
0
0
1 O
C (N
H*
3K
a
0 0
JJ
TJ fl
0) TJ
JJ -H
J3 0
** VM
c o
••4
01
4) Li
fl
a Ll
01 0
CO MJ
.
CO
J;
co
(N
C
e
0
"
TJ
0>
Ll
9*
0
o
^H
a
o
o
•H N
a c
t &)
C *Q
1 (^
Q (N
2
.
Cfl
c
O U
-------
T3
U
3
C
0
CJ
3]
.
*-*
M
"^
JJ
C
01
g
fl ^
0) Q
u ~
CH
Ul
-1 U
fl -^
O JJ
••4 TJ
—• u
0 <
CO
c
•• 0
in •*
en jj
01 TJ
0 0
0 -H
Lt VU
o, •**
CO
c en
0 ^
H o
TJ
JJ TJ
c u
0) "t
o g
c u
0 J=
a u
•
i)
as
Ul
jj
c
m
|
0
O
>n
•o
3
jj
c/i
U-l
0
Ul
—4
3
U)
o>
a:
H c
^ D
3 3 •
C/3 U-l TJ
C JZ
tf 1 ^ fj
C 01
O JJ 01
— 4 ui a,
JJ TJ >i
a 3 H
•H
O >u
W t3. 0>
01
5. c
< 01
1 S
u c.
SW dj
-0
1
Q ~(
M
i
,.
0
• 1*4
Jj
HI
u
01
lu
0
Ul
u
TJ
JJ
a
3
CM
O
O
0)
•0
^
0>
T3
TJ
M
C
O
ffl
Q n
0)
«r^
•^
3
^j
U)
•a
0) •
JJ Ul
rt] Ul
> D
•H U
JJ 0
u u
< a
..
a
o
o
M M
0 0
•H
•a jj
01 TJ
ui -a
fl fl "
e oi ~~
0 T3 ^
•-1 ° >
jj •- 1 a
0 J3 O
3 U
13 **^
ai o cr
^ £
01
o* JJ
Cj^ TJ '••J
<* U ^t
a,
=
0)
•D
g
01
2
TJ
N
C
01
a
i
a «r
M
73 -5 li
^4
OJ
«J
U-l
TJ
•
•o c
01 0
JJ •**
U JJ
01 TJ
x -o
01 -4
X
o °
^ 0
0 W
^
rf^ . tJ
— < 3
01 -(
JJ VI
01
^-4 *n
a 01
§jj
TJ
O >
*
c
0
JJ
U
•3
T3
01
<&
O
c
-H
1
m
en
M
Cb
0)
c
01
N
~
0)
ffl
1 1
0 p.
01
JJ
1 TJ
—4 U
JJ JJ
3 M
j3 *4^
C 3 0
01 Ul
CT1 Ul
^^ ^^ w
X 0 .C
0
E j a o
• a TJ — i j u w-i
^4 jj ; ~J O
1 T3 TJ TJ
TT 11 0) 'O
^ N TJ -^
• -H T3 X
1
a
m
CN
^
a
o
g. . ,
01
N
g
01
CQ
1
Q 03
a >n w
3 jC
kt *\
CN O cvj
O i*-i O
O
0
S i
m a
111
o
c
D
N
2
2J
03
1
CP
3
— l
Ul
T3
01 •
JJ Ul
TJ Ul
JJ 0
U l-i
< a
•
c
o
• •*
JJ
u
-o
01
9*
o
o
-4
1
in
-------
t-4
— •
JJ
s
B
•-» 01
T3 2
U &< —
30
C — 1 —
JJ O OT
C -H 01
o a> s
U 0 ••*
*~* ^ §
0 ^
' — i
b m
Cd C
J -0
03 a.
u 13 >>
a. s e-
H
CJ >u
en -a oi
OJ 3 QJ
w e-
jQ
CJ
"s
£
O
m .
o
z
rO i CN i -"I ' ^^^
O , ^ ; — _
' ; j;
.
01
4J
.^
—
C
•H
01
JJ
a
3
CM
O
S
a
a
o
o
""i
3
j
01
73
•H
6
>Q
W
U
0
-H
6"
T
( f*^
0
M
i i
o 3
S
CJ 0
M O
01 )->
0) 0
CO 1*4
tn
'u
ff.
O
m
.5
^*
o
•H
JJ
CJ
•a
0)
of
O
0
g
a
a
o
o
in
M
3
1
0
i-t
CJ
*4 01
Vi C
1 *H
vO •-.
- C
^T [^
. o
CN U
U1
1 <*1
U
1
•U
0)
•H
JJ
•H
JJ
0
01
IJ
a
3
CN
0
E
a
o
r-(
CO
o
1
0
CJ
— ( 0)
£•* -H
1 -~t
- c
T nj
• 0
(N Vj
vS
U
t— t
-;
j
1 «
1
E-41
-------
c
01
-. 0>
C '
'2 b co
C -p 01
o
w
2
01
a
>,
73
c
0
JJ
d
•H
y
CO
3
CO
JJ
C
01
c
0
CJ
w^
73
3
C/3
o
(0
,
CO
0)
Q;
JJ
C
0)
a •
-1 W
a
*T3 ^f
2 e-
>,o
•a .0)
3 a
J3
^
u
*H
E
0)
JC
CJ
10 .
0
3 S 33 O
u^ m|o o — j co i GO x,
1 """* "~* 1 "™* , ^
<
0) qj
w"1
73
3
cn
73
01 •
JJ CO
10 CO
> 0)
? 2
«c a
c
0
C JJ
O U
•0
TJ «J
01 ti
co O<
0} 01
J3 73 •
0 M
C •** JC
O «Q
••i C*i
y *o a
73 0) 8
01 JJ
2 e
i/i •» uj
. a ,
v0 O f*>
a.
3
1
jj1
jj
i «
~» C
Q •-<
i r-H
in •-< •
- c
cv as
, ^
CJ 0)
•H y
JJ 0
y >->
< a.
c
o
•"•*
C JJ
0 fl
^3
•a
y o x
3 Q
•O 01 O
01 JJ CJ
w ? y
* a
^3 ^5 ^3
P» CJ n<
a,
3
1
^
jj
0)
6 0)
H C
a -H
i -— '
v •**
> c
l n
O (N
M
'-5
i i CJ ^
cu
CP
13
3
CO
73
01 •
jj co
to co
> 01
•H U
jj 0
y n
< A
c
0
C JJ
O fl
T3
73 ifl
0) l-i
CO CP
TJ 0)
C -H 1-
o ja j=
^j i^ ^
y o v
3 a
73 01 O
0) JJ CJ
h iD
rf ^ g1
U^ «*
• a co
t^ O •
cn cj . e
JJ -H
U 73
1 TT
CJ 1
jC ^^
C 3 •
•H 0 73
pH 01
S ".2
5 cn *o
O TJ •*•*
j= 3 X
co 0
JJ
01 3 >
J< J -H
(Q ^^
JJ JJ (0
a, o cj
3 0) •«
(S 14-1 0
O 01 *•«
ft
a.
§
in
a
o
01
c
i
S
V
w
0
3
ft,
|
(N
1 Ul
CJ tN
M
•H ^
JJ U •
M 4J ^j
TJ TJ C
> 01
!-(-<£
01 JJ JJ
^3 O fl
J (TJ 0)
0 ^
Ou tj v^J
o
•H
JJ
y
3
73
0>
£
•
^
v*l
ft
a
00*
<^
M
3
01
C
•H
•H
C
S
w
JJ •
•H
Z
1
0
1 ^0
CJ CM
M
1
•
Jj
c
»J3 0*
CJ 0
M y
0) U
01 0
W «ij
c
o
AJ
y
3
73
0>
Vi
cn
•
cn
a
r-
M
3
OJ
C
rH
C
<0
0
JJ
.(^
z
1
a
M
01
JJ
U-l
<0
•
73 C
01 O
jj •-(
•H JJ
•H 73
jC 'H
C X
•H 0
01 ->
01
£} 1U
N fO
*H
*T3 T3
•H 0) •
X JJ C
o w o
0) -^
>. X JJ
^ 01 W
3 73
o a •*
r* Q X
W P 0
E
a.
o
0
tn
a
o
01
73
°e
e
HJ
jj
c
a,
i —
CJ -l
5 S
I
a.
o
o
in
a
0
i
0)
e
0) 01
r* C
>n -H
c e
0) it)
r^ >p^
a, 73
| Q
l-l
cn
73
0) •
JJ J>
10 CO
> 01
•-* y
jJ o
U h
< a
d
O
u
c
o
73
0)
ca
HI
A
c
0
u
*o
01
Ij
jft
0
a.
3
1
01
CU
> 01
c c
0) "H
-C £
cu 10
1 — t
6 73
1 — l
U n
D a ; cj
ty\
73
3
CO
73
01 •
TJ cn
> 0)
•-4 U
jj o
y vj
< a,
Q
8
C*
0
73
01
co
2
0
Jj
u
73
cu
00
S
Q.
3
1
01
C
01
c c
01 *H
r* g
OH cu
•* y
jj o
y ij
< a
Q
8
c
0
73
01
CO
rtj
A
£
0
jj
U
•3
73
aiP
O
00
Cu
3
0)
C
0>
>. 01
c c
01 -H
x: e
1 •-!
a 73
i ^
O n
si
co
0) >0
y y
o •*
Cu •->
01
c co
0 «
•H rH
JJ CJ
HJ
M --I
JJ rtj
e u
Of -^
u e
e oi
E-40
-------
c
-.4
JJ
C
o
o
W
u
J
s
^^
M
""
JJ
C
1)
fl
fl
4)
M
Ho
i-4 «•»
fl
iologic
Amines
a
•*
c
.. o
CO -H
en jj
0) fl
o u
0 -H
W ^^
cu •*
en
c to
o ^
JJ 0
fl
k4 >-4
JJ fl
C U
0) -H
0 S
C 01
O J=
O cj
u
cs
CO
JJ
01
§
o
•o
JJ
CO
0
en
JJ
r-4
ca
5
H c
TJ 01
3 3 •
JJ -H W
en «*-i fl
C £
«-, w 0
0 "-S
C 01
0 JJ oi
•H co a
jj fl 5i
cu 3 £1
-•-4
o >.«
co -a ot
fl) 2 Q|
Q -M ^
OT 6«
rt
^
"2
c
w
f
CJ
-"4
JJ 4) JJ
CU JJ 4J fl
s en fc TJ
U 01 --4
,N.-( x X
O 01
2 8
o i?
< a,
ction.
3
TJ
41
M
af
O
CU
Cu
O
•
f^
a
a
bT
0)
H
TJ
N
C
01
a
1 -4
CJ
M
co
o
""*
,
TJ
01
2
•H
|
01
JJ
a.
6
&
cu
o
o
o
o
4)
C
•H
fl
i-l
^4
N
C
01
O)
. JfJ
o
M
IP-
1°
i ^
vu
0 (A
kH
«* £
^ •»
VO (N
^ u
01
TJ JJ
oxidize
rted af
ation.
01 TJ
>i X -H
*•! 41 X
Sa°
-4 O >*-l
w P o
a
CU
o
o
^
Q
O
4)
-O
C
fl
JJ
3
ca
1 i-4
CJ
1
— <
X
0)
CT*
TJ
3
p^
U>
TJ
41 •
JJ in
fl co
> 0)
•* 0
JJ Q
U M
< a
c
0
C JJ
0 fl
*o
TJ fl
01 Xj
(0 CP
fl 01
43 TJ
c-2 w
o a £,
U Q ***.
3 a
TJ 4) O
01 JJ CJ
M fl
* c
01
'3 0
o w
< a,
c
o
•H
C JJ
O fl
TJ
01 l-i
CO CJ'
fl 0)
C -H JS
O *O
•H en
JJ <*4 \
3-°8
TJ 41 CJ
0) JJ
1.1 fl »
l-i S
d*1
fN •» P»
,. Q .
r^ O ^o
01
•H CJ
JJ O
u u
< cu
c
o
fi JJ
0 fl
^3 fl
01 •»
CO CJ1
fl 0)
J3 TJ
c2 w
O A JC
jj ij-i !J>
V4 fl
* " S1
IT) •<.
• Q P.
\Q O *
i
•H
C
s
^
0
J= 01
CJ C
i --i
Q, -H
CTi
1 -H
CJ
M
co
0)
TJ
co
TJ
41 •
JJ CO
fl co
> 01
•-4 O
JJ O
u u
41 o e
bl
cu in
o»» JJ •
P» fl Cft
Cn W rt
a,
=
Loi
.^
E
0
C
fl
JJ
0>
•H
Q
O
1 CN
CJ
M
cc
u
•*>
«••(
3
CO
TJ
01 •
JJ CO
fl CO
> 01
•H U
jj 0
U t-4
< a
a
o
CJ
c
0
e
TJ 0
01 -"4
CO JJ
J3 TJ •
C U £
eductio
biodeg
COD/g
w uj »
0 g
Of
in 4) p»
• jj •
VO fl CN
Crt U --4
a,
=
1
^
^,
r^
JJ
£ 0)
••4 C
Q -H
1 !-•
m -»4
. C
CM fl
1 CN
CJ
M
~
—i
U
E-39
-------
TJ
01
3
C
•H
^^
M
*i^
4J
C
0>
g
fl
01
Li
^o
fl
y (fl
ji
CD
C
.. o
CO -~i
M -LJ
01 fl
o o
O "*
Li !JJ
fl, -H
C tfl
O fl
••* f—t
jj CJ
fl
L! -H
JJ fl
C U
01 —I
0 £
C 01
O —
CJ CJ
,
0)
Q?
tfl
•^
C
U
c
0
U
^
'O
3
4J
CO
4^
0
W
£
3
U)
01
X
H c
TJ 4)
3 3 •
JJ ,-H U
0} 't I fl
c —
° TJ
C U
0 JJ 11
•*j (A cu
jj fl >«
a, 3 e-
•H
0 *U
en TJ aj
4/ 3 04
C/) E*4
J3
*""*
O
e
XJ
CJ
fl .
0
z
CO
'U
T3
^)
TJ
01 .
jj (fl
fl W
> V
2 8
U Li
3 X.
TJ 4) Q
41 JJ O
Ll fl CJ
in •* g
• Q
^ O cn
0*> U <-*
a
s
o>
TJ
• •4
.^
fl
JJ
11
y
i
CJ-H
1— »
CO
11
TJ
«J
TJ
4) •
M (fl
fl W
> 01
•H O
JJ 0
U M
< a
1%
a
8
c e
0 0
TJ JJ
01 fl
CO TJ
fl fl LJ
.a LI x:
C 0) C"
0 TJ X
•H 0 Q
JJ -H O
U 13 O
TJ 'J-i cn
4) 0 £
0) PO
0* -J •
<7> Lj r-l
A.
3
1
c
fl
01
CJ
b
5 01
< -H
1 rl
2. —I
1
CJ (N
co
4)
IT
TJ
3
U)
TJ
01 •
JJ (fl
fl 9}
> U
•- a
4J 0
U Ll
< a
e
0
C JJ
0 fl
^3 fl
0) W
E/l C^
rtj dj
XI t3 •
0 1*4
c -I j:
0 -^3
•H O>
JJ >u X
0 0 Q
3 O
TJ 4) CJ
01 jj
2 I"
m — ~*
• a •
r- O r»
CJ (N
a.
3
O
0
N
C
41
A
0
C
•»*
S3
i a
e <
i
o <->
i— •
CO
4)
CT*
^
3
M
TJ
U •
jJ (0
fl Cfl
> 4)
•-* y
4J 0
U Ll
< a,
c
0
•H
S JJ
0 fl
TJ
^J fl
OJ W
tf) ^
fl OJ
j3 *U
Q •
C ••"* ki
o J .e
• •^
XJ <4j ^
U 0 X
3 a
TJ 4) O
« JJ CJ
Ll fl
- * r
in •.
• a o
r» O •
en cj P*
a,
3
y
•H
0
N
*"
41
0
J "°
I 'J
0 <
1
t— *
CO
n
en
TJ
3
(fl
TJ
4) •
JJ V)
fl (fl
> (y
•* 0
JJ 0
U Wi
< a
c
0
•H
C JJ
0 fl
TJ
*O fl
1> U
TJ cn
fl 0)
*0 ^!3 *
0 ^
C -4 J=
0 JS
•H C"
JJ U-l X
o o a
3 O
TJ 41 CJ
4) JJ
LI fl en
£ !lj!
• a* •
o o ^
a.
3
U
^
_
^
0
c -• •
J TJ
1 CJ
"* ^*
1
O en
^
CO
4)
C"
TJ
3
In
TJ
4) •
jj ca
fl w
> 4)
•H O
jj o
0 Li
< a
c
0
•H
C JJ
O fl
TJ
TJ fl
01 Li
(fl C"
fl 11
^3 TJ
Q
C "f •
0 J3 LI
**•* «
JJ U-l
U 0 C"
3 X
TJ 41 Q
4) JJ O
Ll fl O
Ll
«* en
r- - g
• a
r* O O
^ o *^
a,
3
4)
3
3
-H
0
JJ
0
c
-1
i
g
i
CJ O
_,
CO
41
CP
TJ
3
(fl
TJ
01 •
JJ (fl
fl CA
> 11
••* y
JJ O
y LI
< a
c
0
e jj
0 fl
TJ
TJ fl
4) Li
w cn
fl 01
j3 TJ •
O Li
§••4 PT
J3
•p^ CTI
JJ M-l X
y o Q
3 O
TJ
_
CD
4)
C"
3
(fl
TJ
01 •
jj in
fl (fl
> 41
•••< y
y LI
< a.
e
0
•H
C JJ
0 fl
TJ fl
4) Li
(fl O1
fl 01
j3 TJ
Q
C, -H •
0 J3 W
•M ^
^J 144
y o^n
TJ n a
01 jj o
D fl CJ
Li
ft .. f
• Q
r> O O
Cfl O <">!
a.
3
0)
e
D
3
,-H
0
0
5
1
1
a
1
O 03
t— ^
'_
03
0>
C"
TJ
3
In
T5
4)
jj
fl
3
y
c
0
C JJ
0 fl
TJ
TJ fl
4J Li
(fl CT>
fl 01
J3 TJ
0
c •* •
0 JO Ll
•H x:
^j U«J
y o^
TJ « a
01 JJ O
Ll fl O
+ fjn
in •» S
• Q
^* o ^
^ O ^H
Cu
3
01
C
— 1
•H
M
5
CJ H
i— (
•H
j*
*
1 O
y-
TJ.
V
3
—
JJ
C
0
y
E-38
-------
«*^
•o
41
3
C
4^
c
0
o
^
1
u
u
•j
1
M
JJ
C
4)
*n pa
4) — .
£* (/)
O
r*1 •-<
It] 4J
O
jj 1?
c o
1) -H
o s
C 0)
O £
0 0
U-l
41
C
a»
a
-a
3
W
0
en
4J
t-4
3
co
41
ae
jj
T3 4J
3 3 •
4J ^H kw
00 *J «3
C £
U-l ,-! CJ
C 4)
O JJ 4)
— i 01 a,
JJ ro >,
QJ ^y ^
•^
O >°
CO -O 4)
4) 3 Oi
Q JJ >,
fl
O
E
2
G
0
30
a
c
-J
c
0
•J
T3
41
.^
£
.M
— J
•H
0)
3
OJ
0
Q
O
41
C
2 . ..
2
4)
1 (*> fl
2 * } m
E-37
-------
•o
OJ
3
C
••4
iJ
C
o
I
Cd
*^
M
^^
jj
c
01
E
rQ 03
0) -»
EH v>
o
ological
Aliphati
•H
0)
c
.. o
10 -H
U] JJ
0) fa
O U
O "H
Q. -X
CO
c co
0 <0
• X 1— 1
jj O
m
ki — i
JJ fO
C U
J c
13 0)
3 3 •
JJ -H Ll
05 vu UJ
C J3
«-. M a
C 01
Q 4J 4)
H (/} Q,
JJ nj >i
a 2 £•«
X
U >
•4J
D exer
g .
vu <
«• -o
CN
fN vn
o
>,
^
< jj
2
3 0
x vu •
T3 -H
0 3
in to
i rn|
^,
1—1
w
01
Jj
"S
•0
0)
^J
U
0)
X
0)
a
g .
0 >
*> tJ
m
vo in
0
7|
k,
3
J
(JJ
e jj
3 fl
U -H
0 3
.0 C/3
1 "* I
5 I
,j
^
c
••H
•o
01
kl
01
X
a
g
0
of CO
CN >
1 T3
rr m
1
o
^
>
ij
01
1 £
Z 1
Z 01
§ ' ^
H >, IH
D 1) 3
0 '™^ ^
-0 O 6*
i "^
3
•H
-M
^
01
4J
«
01
.^
ki
01
X
01
a
vu U)
0 X
of 13
c*i m
o
0
vu
3
C/3
0)
13
B *^ '™
3 >. W
x. JZ ••«
13 -w ^
0 D >.
to s z
i °
Q
-p
« ,
,
jj
• H
A
•H
(0
a,
CN
O
O
13
*4
U
U
I
£
p»
a03
»w4
I
|_
O
f
C
ic
Jj
• r«f
3
•O
0)
••^
£
JT
C
•H
01
UJ .
JJ VI
a u
3 £
(N •g-
O CN
1
J
U
^
,^4
0
U
>,
en
o ^
£ U
CD
23 ffl
|
1 —
a
4J Q
3 & vu
•° vu °
•now
0) ki
N *• £.
.-. ao
T3 • *r
0 ** ""*
co . ai
i jj
•» — 1 VU .
hem ical \
ery slow
xerted ai
xidation
U > 0) 0
s
o
o
Li
a
o
,•4
H
U
fl
w
3
O
£
E-
(^
s33
. —
£
1
>. U)
X) U
13 *"
0) ^"
JJ V
•H -H
•-• 0
JS -U
c
•Hfl,
tn
i^J W C
3 0 O
(^ (^ ^J
JJ U -x
a •-• x
3 S 0
0)
duo
1
o
o
m
Q
O
1
TJ
JM
3
0
?
O
3 ^
=
3
t 5
i 2,
U
3
In
01
jj
•H
0
a
i!
0
c
•o o
U -H
U CN
a
-,
1
u
3
^
jj o
o> o
•^ 2**
1^ ' ^
— • i
a
-
i
OJ
• *•*
inhib
a.
3
0
1
o
o
CN
j
^
3
rsi
i
1^^
~
•2
• ?,
^
;
i
i
E-36
-------
•o
d)
3
O
y
i
U
a
u
a
-~*
M
<*•*
c
(U
S ~
<0 03
ogical Tre
iphatics (
PH p*
0 <
•H
03
..
C
•• 0
W -H
CO JJ
0) 13
O O
0 -H
O, •-(
C Ul
O fl
•H ^H
JJ 0
13
Ui i-t
JJ iQ
C U
0) -H
U S
C 01
0 -S
u u
-o1
3
jj
w
U-l
O
c
0
JJ
a
•H
Ul
O
co
S
S.
1
^M
a
CO
jj
Ol
o
u
^^
T3
3
4J
CO
O
Results
^
e
01
•3 •
•-I Ur
UJ fl
C —
M CJ
'U
0>
tn a.
13 >•
2 E-
>.U
•O 0)
3 Q,
JJ >
W E-i
}
fll
"W
"• V]
3
£ C
•-< -H •
X to
13 01 =
e .2 8
>. jj 01
13 13
•O C rH
O
^^ .^j ^^J
•<
<*»
03 TT
r^ CN
1
a,
o
CN
f^
J
•o
u
u
•r^
^J
U
T3
•4
CO
oa ^
1—4
B
Ui
0)
JJ
U-l
fM
"O
01
jj
01
X
0<
a
0 M
Ui
»* £
^ rr
vO CN
1.
a
o
in
Q
0
T3
U
U
• -4
U|
3
13
J
1 ^
2 *
1 -^
:o
!
;
Ui
01
JJ
U-l
«3
•0
jj
Ul
01
X
0<
o
0 •
to
o» w
03 £
rr' TJ-
T tN
!
a>
O
o
m
c
o
"0
•*•*
u
u
•H
r*4
[^
£
1
J
o
a •**
H"t
-^
b
>
i -
^
;j
j ^
5 T3
_J
Ui fQ
jS U
.•4
-H C
1 — 1
O
rH V)
< 3
Ui
01
JJ
VM
i^
TJ
jj
U|
0>
X
01
Q
8
U-l
0 •
CO
<*> Ui
CO —
O *r
{N fN
f
i,
O
c
in
c
o
T3
•••*
U
(flj
0
•H
r*
13
z
1 . .
,-J
Q
i ~*
a ^
'r*-
,'c
(N
O
T3
01
"5
•H
i— 1
13 •
U Ol
E *fl
Ol JJ
— Q.
0 3
£
5!
O
O
m
a
o
T3
U
U
••4
£
O
.-3
S
I ^
a r~
HH
_1
— '
'
(
U|
01
JJ
U-l
13
C
% reductio
1 imation.
0 0
G^ O
A 13
1
0 C.
jj
O
0 0
JJ
•<-* (Q
Ui W
jj.
13
3
rsi
0
^
2,
O
in
tN
.
'-*
"O
O
0
.»H
^^
13
X
o
1 """
2 ^
! -
O
.
•o
01
JJ
•- -t
c
01
13
jj
a.
(N
O
a
c,
§
m
a
0
0)
fl
JJ
^
o
vO
03 ^
I
' ^
o
CO
13
o
• H
U|
01
a
c
0
JJ CO
13 Ui
•0 JZ
X
•H 4J
3 *fc4
T3
01 T3
wly oxidiz
TOD exertei
oxidation .
0
** UH UH
woo
e
JM
O
o
in
o
o
1
.^4
"3
r-4
Ul
.-^
C
0)
^
JJ
c
01
c.
^s
I _^
m ^
J
C ™
SI
T>
0
•H
Ul
01
ri
***
0
•H
JJ
x co
0 b
U|
0 CN
CJ 0
"* Jj
X
0 i.
E" 3
a
0.
O
O
in
a
0
i
^
^
T3
0)
U ^
"* -^
0 —
Ui Ui
i, -i
i 2
2 x
^^^
^
P.
i
. i
?
•^
• »
-4
E-35
-------
continued
3
IVH*
M
"•"
JJ
C
0)
5-.
«J 03
ogical Tre
iphatics (
^ »™4
0 <
•H
0)
»*
C
.. o
CO -H
cn jj
01 fl
y u
0 -H
a. -H
c cn
o tj
•H F^
JJ O
1-1 -t
JJ iQ
C O
0) 'H
U E
C 01
35
X,
T3
cn
c
0
•H
JJ
a
•r-4
CJ
U)
01
5
£
IS
0)
a:
co
jj
e
01
u
^
•O
3
cn
0
Results
jj
c
0)
3 •
-1 14
U-l «J
M CJ
T3
0)
JJ 01
cn a
HJ >
3: E-
>o
T3 0)
3 CU
JJ >•
w e-
^
ig
o
•H
01
.c
a
.
0
o
-H
1
JJ 'J
a
fl
•a
01
x a
•H
e o)
>. T
CO ^
jj u
0)
CU 1
§s
u >
c
0
•H
JJ
O
3
,-u
01
o
o
1
in
cn
^4
Cu
1
p«4
>v
X
0)
.C 41
55
•tJ ^
1 U
fN fQ
1 <*
n xi
M
o
(N
o
TJ
4)
•H
'c c
•H 0
•H
"fl a
= CO
01 C
.c o
u u
I
o
,
«C
0)
fl
S
0
Xl
23 ^
M
O
T3
4)
JJ •
JJ W C
cn o> o
* X •*«
•-» 4) JJ
Q T3
o S 'x
vw o
lu
t3 0 >w
0) O
••H GO cn
•0 • u
•H ^ £.
X -<
0 *T
• « OJ
> cn
3 J= 0)
0 JJ
-H fN <4^
cn — * TI
I
0
o
m
a
o
4)
•a
s
s
Q
i,
I f"*
M
i O
1
.J,
^
— 1
3
T3
"S
•H
M •
01 C
a o
•H
iTJ (^
•H
0 X
Z 0
v^
4)
jj
U-l
fl •
c
T3 0
n fl
0) 73
X ••*
a x
a
O "-i
e- o
<4-i cn
yft
^D ^*
r. CN
a
o
fN
J
T3
O
U
H
C
§
& i
r^ |
2
J^j,
0)
"fl
c
T3 0
0) -rt
JJ JJ
M rtj
Ol TI
X •*
OJ X
0 °
f" 0
U-l (/)
^
f-^ ^
n
X
J
a
0 »-
c«»
00 T
m 04
a
o
fN
-J
CU
u"
c
-(1
Q
^
-5
a^
:
i
;
0)
*o
3
iO
T3
0) •
fo w
> 0)
•H O
jj o
u u
< a
c
0
•H
JJ
o
3
T3
0)
0*
0
1
in
x.
'- rr, JJ
0 -? ,
-J
•o .
cv s
jj 0
fl O
0) o-
U fl
c
0
3
0)
w
t*J
o
o
1
o
cn
...
Cu
I
OJ
^J
i*
^
D ^°
"•
:0
•-
!c Ji
, 'S U
J
TT 0
X ^
"-*
£ OJ
1 Crf
1 >• "D
01 —(
jj ia
0)
-t t!
C. 0)
u >
fm
3
1 u
1 3
-3
0)
i*
O
o
—I
1
in
. .
i
a.
Oj
.j '
_ i
01 I
i Sj
*-"
1 "C
1 *
—
^
•3
J
T3 •
01 C
jj 0
.13 0
4) (7
U fl
e- -
3
0% reduct ii
^
1
O
,
J
Q
^
U 0)
o —
fl •-<
•0 JJ
= c
2^
~
=
-*
=
I 5
' ~~r
1
E-34
-------
•o
01
3
C
0
u
U
J
3
M
<*^
•U
c
01
fl 03
0) *-
^
y
•H "4
fl 4J
y fl
•H .C
a* a
0 -H
*H *••»
0 <
•H
0}
c
•• o
en -H
M JJ
Proce
;if ica
UJ
c ca
O fl
•^ >H
*J O
fl
4J fl
c y
at -^
y e
c «
O -C
u u
.
IM
d)
u/
a:
10
1 1
•+rf
c
c
3
T3
3
AJ
CO
44
0
C/)
— t
3
U)
01
a:
H <=
TJ «
3 3 •
JJ 0>
H (fl Q,
AJ fl >v
a 2 E->
*4
w
y >»°
W T3 0)
OJ 3 di
•H
-H
CO
1
o
o
3
O
0
AJ
•rt
y
HH
3
a
2 '
Vl
01
fl •
c
T3 0
0) -H
4-1 AJ
0) T3
X -H
01 X
0 °
O *w
P 0
^ (N
&
O.
O
o
m
Q
O
•o
y
u
y
3
eg
2 *
i ; ^^^*~
o
o
y
jQ
0
^4
(U
ft]
£
TJ •
01 C
1 Treat
L lagoo
•
0
'jj
y
3
T3
01
^4
&
o
o
f-^
1
0
cr
> T3
•H 3
0) -i
-1 CO
0>
Qj 0*
€ •*-<
0 fl
0 >
«
0
u
y
3
•o
01
Wi
00
O
o
p^
1
m
^
M
Cb
Oi
u
fl
^J
(U
u
^
^x
^
^J
u
2*
01
•u
3
—4
w
•o
01 •
4J U]
(0 £0
> 01
•H y
u 0
y u
< a
•
c
0
-J
y
3
?
at
0
O
.-H
1
m
0^
•a 5-w
fl J2 +*
0 ,° vu
Q ^0
O «-i
AJ U)
fl w
> o»
•H y
4J 0
y u
< a
.
o
jj
y
3
t3
a
ffp
•2 ! fl y
^3 T30
0 O) u
w
0)
fl
.a
'0
(JJ Q
^ 2
'0 0
T3
—i 3
01 ^
•u tf)
01
a oi
c5 >
.
0
•^
AJ
y
3
01
t*
O
0
1
in
CTN
_
Cb
01
fl
«*^ i-H
^
l<
2
>N,
^
«J
^
IM
y
„,
>.
AJ
•** i ^
X 31
33 ^
1 ~
2
Q
i^n
' 1,1
' -
o> ^ ^>
T3 ^
3 3
r-t -H
V}
"D
01 •
fl 05
Activ
proce
c
0
C AJ
0 fl
oi u
tfl CT>
(0 01
-3 *
5 5 ^
•i-i *W **Si
y o Q
3 O
•O 01 O
0) AJ
W fl ^
i- e
3*
CO •* f**
• a •
O O i~4
c
0) -(
-i 0
> y
3 »H
Ed (J
t ^
a ^
Irt
•a
11 .
-1 U)
fl M
> 01
-i y
*J 0
u u
< a
.
0
j
y
3
•0
0)
'M
0P
o
o
1
in
0^
fl J2 ^
o **-*
" 5°
Q ^ O
O •*- (N o
03 0 T ~*
_
Cb
1
f^
^
X
01
^ *J
^^
•u >,
•§
^
QJ
rQ
_>r
T3
Q) *"*
AJ 0
itj 0
51
0
•H
AJ
y
3
^
OP
O
O
I
0
en
_,
Eb
1
«iH
^
X
01
jC 01
>, fl
«J ^,
U « i M i-i
i y
(N (TJ
i y
-------
•n
01
3
C
C
0
y
i
a
a
^•^
w
*•*
JJ
c
QJ
3-
ID 03
U
U
i— < ••*
IT] JJ
y ID
•H £
01 Cu
0 •"
"o <
•H
03
C
CO JJ
CU IT]
u y
o ••«
O. -H
C/}
C C/J
0 fl
•H -^
JJ U
IT]
1-1 —I
JJ lO
c y
01 -^
y s
c o>
O J=
0 U
Ib4
cy
*
c
p
5
o
**v*
•2
3
*^
<*-
o
V)
JJ
V)
0)
(X
N <=
73 01
•S 3 •
•W »"H W
C/l ^W flj
c —
^. j—j C_)
0 73
C 0>
0 JJ 0)
•H U) CU
JJ 03 >i
C. S H
•H
w
y >*y
CO 73 J>
01 5 Cu
Q JJ >•
en £-"
_Q
^.
ffl
P.
,
—
o
Q
z
ro
O
J
^
O
M
1J
^
- C
01 O
*-* •-(
jQ JJ
E
<*1
a
cu
o
m
in
3
^4
73
•H
y
y
^
jj
.^
U
i ™
03 <*l
O
jui
1
•
0
•H
JJ
y
3
T3
01
O
O
r»4
1
in
^
"O xT^
ifl ^ jj
0 5 **-<
f—t ^^
JW Q
Q -* O
O •« M O
03 0 <• ^H
M
X^
01
T3
jg
0<
•o
IT)
c
0
JJ
0
^
u
1 1-1
03 0
O
^
i
C!
03
01
03
^i
J
"O •
0) C
4J 0
IT] 0
II
•
o
•H
JJ
y
3
T3
01
3*
O
O
r«4
1
O
M
Cfc4
0)
T3
Jj^
01
T3
03
C
0
0
^
a
i • *5
—i 3
0) —•
JJ V)
0)
<~^ 73
cu oi
o >
•
o
JJ
y
3
•0
0)
0
o
^4
1
m
M
Cl4
11
"J
>,
^J
01
T3
T)
C
0
JJ
0
^
0
i m
taQ ^^
*^
!5
5,
C
IT)
73
01
JJ •
•H (N
J3 O
M *W
= 0
c
>. 0
01 JJ
JJ Cu
f^ 3
a to
s s
0 0
o y
ft
Cu
O
o
o
rH
3
J
4)-.
c
-i
jj
tf
^^
O
1 ^O
CQ ^
, r*^
-^
]
(U
0
u-l
0 W
^
dP ££
f^
• ^
^ CM
*\
3 W
0<
T3 JJ
01 ^
N IT)
13 73
•-4 0» •
X JJ C
0) •*
> X JJ
r*4 0^ ID
3 T3
o a -H
-t O X
W £- O
1
a
o
in
a
o
0<
c
jj
01
^
O
1
J
1 1-.
•M """I
|
—
'
1
U
t^
73
3
i-S
•J)
73
0? •
jj in
iTJ CO
> 0)
•H y
jj o
c
0
C JJ
0 IT)
•o
73 nj
0) U
co (7>
IQ 0)
•Q T3 •
5 u
C -H J=
o ja
y o a
3 O
73 01 CJ
01 JJ
u ID r1
a*
^ •» u"<
• Q •
(NQ—*
(J» o in
CU
3
1
4)
X
o> -•
~. 0)-
0 C
— 0
U -H
> 0
u c
1 03
23 i*1
— *
5Z
f
1)
73
3
rH
co
73
0) •
JJ CO
IT3 CO
> cu
•H y
JJ 0
y vi
< a
..
a
8
a c
0 0
—4
•O 4J
01 IT)
IT) IT)
^P W
C CU £
O 73
••* 0 O>
"y !a Q
^«8
CU 0
0) S
*> JJ
U5 H) O
CT> W i*1
0,
2
d)
C
o
c
IT]
X
01
0
,-H
y
^•^
o
1 01
CQ m
' ,_
' =
o>
73
3
01
73
0) •
JJ V)
IT) CO
> 01
•H y
JJ 0
y u
(^ Q.
e
o
•H
C JJ
0 "3
T3
73 IT)
0) >H
ID 01
C -4 •
o .a ^
y o cr
3 \
73 0) Q
CU JJ O
M ID O
>H
T •- £
• Q
in O r»
<7> U m
a.
^
0)
c
0
c
Ifl
JJ
c
01
a
0
u
^"*
a
1 O
03 ^
', _^
i ^
C
0
C JJ
0 ID
73
73 ID
CU W
07 CJ1
a •
m p ("i
C71 (Q r*4
Cu
^
C/
C
CU
.-1
^ 'H
£ 0
jj y
01 >i
***^ "™H
Q 0
,
03 ^
)— t
: J"l
O
<
f-
^J
2
a
03 0
M y
01 U
01 0
M >w
.
jj
C
cu
fH^
IM
vw
CU
C
cu
ID
etect
73
1 j
°
jj
a
o
^
i
o
M
O
Cfa
1
3
ID
•fit
4J
•*•*
Q
1 CJ
^^ C
» iD
-------
••^
M
u
5
jj — .
(TJ CO
~ 4) s—
« £ W
C _l -H
£ CJ (tJ
0 '01 Q,
*""* *H ^"*
~« 0 <
1 -H
U d
u c
J •• 0
33 UJ -H
< W JJ
E- 01 (0
CJ U
0 •"
W *AJ
& -H
(/]
c w
0 TJ
•H —
JJ U
ITJ
Wl r-l
JJ (TJ
C CJ
01 -H
u e
C 4)
0 -C
o a
-a
3
jj
cn
VM
O
c
0
H
JJ
a
H
O
M
4)
a
£
T
•
a
(0
c
11
c
f.
^
TJ
CO
0
JJ
3
fn
,y
•n v
3 a
•u >,
W f«
J
^
TJ
o
E
f-"
o
I .
s
0
"3 u
oi a
5 -u
0 VM
— ITJ
CO
JJ
4) U
* 41
TJ VM
O, 4)
3
3 •
C ITJ en
01 01 1-
C7* JJ J«
>, ITJ
X -H CM
o a -»
TJ
•H J*J c
X U 0
04)-*
X JJ
• V (TJ
> TJ
-1 Q •*
3 P X
0 P 0
01 VM VM
0 0
Jj
3 of U
J3 00 JS
. m TT
>• fN
— ( •
•H T3 W
•O 4) 41
(Q N JJ
0) -^ VM
Q£ TJ TJ
1
a
o
0
in
a
O
01
•H
M
JJ
•H
C
•H
•a
01
c •
(TJ
JJ
3
CO
03 !N
t—t
5
I
i
•o
a a- 41
.3 3 JJ
- w
M 14 D
0 u X
IM js D
C , 4) «M •
^ • M 0 W
13 41 3 ** jC
TJ N cj r»
at .H cj • rr
a T3 o -^ !,
, F-t
3
0
*•*
U)
>«
^
0)
•*
•u
0)
"O
(^
u
CT*
^
Q
u
4)
jj
VM
(TJ •
C
TJ 0
4) -H
JJ JJ
U IT]
11 "O
X •-*
(U X
gvu
0
"o £
of ~~
vo rr
• TT
1
o
o
in
a
O
4)
T3
X
0
4)
C
11
rH
^•f
JJ
3
aa
iS
0
tn
C
0
Jj
CJ
3
•o
4)
i
1
GO
"S^
T3 — ^*l
fl 5 ^
•M f^
Q *""* O
O
M l t)
•-* •« C X
TJ W 0 4)
a. £ jj «i
TJ TJ IT)
OS ^O ^3 3
Q
O
TJ
CJ
O
• *4
u
^
Jj
3
03
|
i
c
TJ
11
jj
1)
X
0)
a
0 •
in
* )*
•
ro v
1
O
in
(N
3
J
0)
JJ
e (a
3 C
"•* O
CJ CJ
— «. 3
(0 -H
CJ U
iS
i-* ^"
r
ji
~j
x
C
0)
TJ
3
W
TJ
4)
jj
(TJ
.^
JJ
(j
Q
8
c
o
c
TJ O
41 — *
U) JJ
03 TJ
T)
C M •
o cn u
•H D £
§3-5
TJ jQ d
4) O
0
*• W
n 41 g
5J 2 S
a.
9
jj
U
TJ
0
a.
(TJ
u
is
--.
3 ~
3
^
-^
c
o
u
E-31
-------
TJ
01
3
C
i
U
I
05 CQ
kl
&•
y io
•H £
0 <
0)
•• o
(0 -H
cq JJ
4) ifi
cn
C V)
0 «J
JJ U
fl
y
•H
(U
u
X
3
J_J
*rf
CO
c
0
•H
Jj
a
y
w
Q
f
£
V
•J
£
C
1)
5
o
a
^
3
JJ
CO
0
t/J
JJ
r4
3
V)
0)
(X
JJ
C
0)
3 •
14J (0
C JS
<-" U
TJ
0)
JJ 4)
,
^4
U
4
1 -"
03 -H
H-t
O
o
t
•a
CJ
_J
i fl
u
>*
^3
•a •
j) c
jj o
fl 0
W fl
,
I
c
0
JJ
y
3
•a
4)
of
O
f*»
1
O
in
i,
•o
y
y
H
•>,
^4
y
i ™
a -1
0
i
J x
cj vi
f^ OJ
o
TJ C
01 W
x a,
£ Oi
&
>* TJ
'H 3
CJ -H
JJ U]
1*
— H 'TJ
Q, 4)
0 fl
U >
•
C
0
••4
Jj
y
3
•O
OI
M
00
in
en
t
in
CO
Ch
TJ
y
u
^
*>,
W
u
•*
>-
01
^
J3
•o •
3^ C
jj o
rtj 0
fi rt
•
c
0
JJ
y
3
TJ
4)
Vj
*•
o
CTi
1
O
^
Efc4
OJ
^-(
w
JJ
H
C
o
•>,
kl
y
•*
T
£ "*
1 i
i
' — i .0
J -1
^J
-a 3
o u
X i
e a)
w^
> TJ
~4 3
4) -»
-J 7]
0)
^H 'O
a, 4;
S •"
0 TJ
CJ >
.
c
0
•H
JJ
y
3
^
V
M
00
O
o
»^
1
m
en
Cl4
01
^
^
jj
c
0
^,
v^
y
<
i ^
a -1
HH
' —
u-t
(
1)
/ ^
II
C/l
TJ
0) •
JJ Ul
TJ (0
> 0)
2 8
y u
< 04
.
C
0
••H
Jj
o
3
TJ
01
kt
40
O
o
i-H
1
m
c*
TJ SlV*!
« -o •"
*"* ^ 0
Q ^ O
O , " "
^4
u
<
1 ^>
cs ^
HH
^
! 2^
01
TJ
Cfl
TJ
0) •
JJ Ul
(0 tn
> (N
O •-<
u
i* 0)
•i JJ
U-l
C fl
_0
JJ — 1
fl JJ
T3 i 0) -H
~< X JJ
TJ TJ
TJ a -H
0) O X
OS p< 0
8,
04
O
0
U">
M
•'S
O
<
u
'a,
**-»
'O
<
1 30
03 ^
»— t
1 o
•^ >
^ -^
"" ^H -*
3 k, -3
-J S, 0'
3 (T3 M
tfl »-< fO
•^ j
0 0
y s -( TJ
k.
x j: aj 01
O « 2 TJ
c
TJ
0)
JJ
ki
0)
^
0)
a
8
14^
o
^0
c^
<*^ •
U)
O kt
a, *r
D fN
§.
a.
o
o
in
CD
0)
C
C
m
i-i
<
1
^-4
=
OJ
^)
^
J
U)
TJ
01 •
jj ifl
fl U5
> 01
•H y
•4J O
< a,
c
0
• H
C J->
0
3 \
TJ 4) Q
4) JJ O
k, ia a
u
aft CP
in - e
• a
(N O O
cn u rr
M
W4
=>
3 1)
•H JJ
3-2
JrQ
X
0
1 0
a fN
M
5
w
TJ
0
•H
^1
01
04
c
0
•H
JJ
TJ *
•H 01
X kl
0 A
JJ (N
fl r^»
y o
X
o a
H 3
1
a,
o
o
m
o
^
kl
^J
C
•H
TJ
01
jj
JJ
3
Q
1 '^
h- 1
~
\
"
^
"
^*
CJ
~^"
E-30
-------
•o
0)
3
C
O
u
a
M
..
C
flj
S
•^ <*^
TJ O
(U "*•*"
W
LI
E-1 tn
y
TJ JJ
U TJ
•H JS
0.«4
^
'o <
03
cess:
cation
0 •-•
a, -i
c tn
O T)
•H rH
jj a
-•a
U r-l
JJ TJ
C O
0) -H
U E
C J
O J=
u cj
3
TJ
3
JJ
CO
U-l
C£
0
•H
JJ
Q.
•*H
t*
0
t/3
i)
a
f
£
tn
c
o
a
^
T3
3
C/3
,
0
tn
jj
3
(/]
a
a:
OJ
3 •
C £
w CJ
"0
4)
JJ D
ui 04
TI >*
3» £**
>* 0
TJ 4)
3 a.
JJ >l
.co £*
1
1
*-<
Tj
u
•*4
e
OJ
0
T3 .
0
z
co i -i IT. ; o : .-M ' "* o . o in J
2 * * :° = 2 .2 :2 ;2 !J J
t
— il
-! JJ ' -J
, 1
TJ ! ' ~ 3 ; 3 ' T: . £•
i)
jj
-•a
0)
>,
?^
TJ •
01 C
JJ 0
0)
•rt O
jj 0
U Li
< 04
*
c
0
•H
JJ
o
3
TJ
in
0^
i
CO
TJ J3 O
TJ •-( O
O 0
r* (N -^
«• X.
^r ^^
O >•">
M
&>4
41
^
j=
TJ
TJ
4J
0)
O
<
t
O3 (N
M
C -3
3 y
£ "
(N
^4
u* D
0 JJ
TJ •
>. 3 w
01 4) JJ
> JJ C
Ll U] TJ
3 .tj -•
CO 3 Oi
_Q
a,
0
m
n
(M4
I
O
^
Uni
0
u
c
0
0
jj -a
01 >
3 tl
rH -H
^44 f*
^f U
U TJ
O
o
O JJ
CN Q,
-^ a
M
CJ
a,*
4)
TJ
P^
0)
^
TJ
JJ
01
o
<
1
03 M
M
0 i TJ
Li
0
("*>
1
a
4J
4J
^Q
^3
a
a,
0
o
m
i
O
in
U-l
0
U
0
y
JJ TJ
C 01
4) >
3 41
cH >*4
U-l JZ
u-i y
b) fl
O
0
0 J3
o a
M
a
&T
41
C
0
01
U-.
<-
1
03 •T
M
^4
0)
TJ
>t
-a
TJ •
D C
jj 0
(^ Q
1 -H
^ Q,
41 a
jj -H
01 Li
04 tn
0 >
CJ J3
CO
03
0)
c
0
4J
4)
y . -
**
i
23 ^
M
i-1 ' -
• ^*" ™ ^
— • H 0
•
1 Ul
0 LI
JJ .C
tn ^
TJ
- -J 'J
2 D '
(^ 3
U M
0 W TJ
la -i a
5 Sg
C Qi
c v tn
U 0 • Li
0 -H »-« JH
U (0 (N
— TJ • P~
>. <— , X — > Ul
X TJ 0 M U C
O j->;e- o js -H
s
9-
04
0
D
03
(U
-H
• H
Ll
JJ
.^4
C
0
JJ
41
y-
<
i
S3 t-
1-1
c
O
O
in
CO
a
41
r-i
•H
Ll
JJ
•»4
C
0
JJ
01
u
<
1
a co
M
U-l
O
ON*
n W
• A
\ vO 0
3
Ll Ll
TJ 4) .C
01 JJ
N M-i ^"
•H fl i 4) TJ -H
•-t X JJ
• H 01 0* fl
TJ in TJ
(0 Q • -^
41 O SO X
OS P -( O
1
O
o
o
o
41
C
•H
U
^4
i-H
cn
^•4
>,
JJ
01
y
*
i
03 C^
I-H
g ^
^j
(N
Ll
14U ^)
0 •"
TJ •
> 3 tn
D ^) JJ
> JJ C
LI tn T!
3 TJ -H
co 3 a.
^2
a.
a
o
0
fN
1
O
CN
VM
0
y
c
0
y
JJ TJ
C 01
4) >
3 0)
r-l -H
vu y
U TJ
o
o a.
in cii
M
O
&T
c
•H
0)
l-<
0
Ll
y
1 0
CD r-l
t-l
E-29
-------
E-28
-------
41
3
C
•H
JJ
0
u
u
9
C
41
rH in
(0 rH
y o
"H JC
Cn 0
o y
o <
•H
03
(Q -»H
(0 JJ
41 rtj
0, -H
OT
C (fl
O 11
JJ U
c u
41 -r«
^
86
T3
a
44
C/3
C
o
JJ
a
to
£.
it
•4-1
41
a.
cn
4)
0
a
^
*M*
•3
i
*^
w
0
tn
jj
3
OT
Si
Q»
Jj
C
41
3 •
••M W
W-l (Q
C JC
M O
41
HI a,
T3 ^
Z E->
•O V
a a
JJ >,
(0 H
1
^
iQ
y
g
(J
.
vD
vn
D
^
•o
3
rH
U]
•0
jj in
(9 tn
•5 8
y W
< a.
•
c
0
••H
Jj
u
•a
0)
W
U*l
00
1
m
r-
*o 2t^*i
S s£
*^ O
O
a "• o
O <*H
2
•
41
3
-J
r*
3
y
y
•^
^3
0
41
fl
3
a
TJ O
oi o
U> fr
Q 3
O «H
03 (NO
O
IM a^
0 ^ f^
E •
C rH .
0 «H 1 «
••* IT Li
JJ T -C
y o •
3 JJ (N V
•O
X
•0 O)
tn Q
3 O
(N
O MH
0 •
a* w
o •
rH -H , -a
-i 3
41 -•
jj tn
0)
1 Compl
[ vated
a
flQ
9*
O
CO
5
0
y c
3 0
01 JJ
3
d^ *O
T O)
00 S-
M
b.
rH
0
c
JJ C
Wi U) IQ
3 IT) -H
w 3 a,
j3
a
0
rH
m
i
o
m
^H
0
y
0
u
iJ *^J
C CJ
0) >
3 CJ
**H ^
4)
•H y
jj o
y *H
i^ c^
Q
O
CJ
c c
0 0
•H
"O JJ
41 ra
tn t3
(TJ ffl
.a u .
cn u
5 T3 ^
=
i
0
y
>>t
y
rH
>. rH
JS 0
41
Q
0
a
^
o
03
^
C
o
JJ •
y c
3 O
4) JJ
w y
3
** 73
in 41
p- u
M
(i-
^
O
c
4J
y
o
1 O
_
' —
—
U
^j
^
U
CJ
^^
j
•o •
OJ C
Treat
lagoo
.
C
0
••H
JJ
y
3
•o
41
in
i
O
W
h
rH
0
»
^a
4J
o
i **
M
^
,
fl\
M
3
•J
_4
^
y
y
Aerob
,
y
a
41
y
•H
X
4J
0
^^
u
_,
0
.^
^
j;
4J
M
13
JJ
C
41
a.
1 (N
h-4
Jl
M
—
;
*•*
^
X
e l)
— •
^N **^
-H 3
4) -H
JJ !rt
3}
Comp 1 1
vated
e
o
y
•o
w
of
cn
i
in
CO
M
^
rH
S.
JJ
41
Z "o
rH C
5s -rl
C J2
41 U
JS 13
0, CJ
1 ro
(
CT
-
— •
_,
r
. ,
^,
E-27
-------
"G
0)
c
c
0
y
u
u
I
C
01
S
o
o o
•H
o <
a
c
•• o
in •-*
C/I JJ
y u
o •-•
cn
c cn
O fl
•H »-H
JJ O
JJ 13
c y
oi -^
y g
C 4)
o ^
u u
I
01
a.
>,
TJ
3
^J
WJ
U-l
O
C
0
^J
a
• *4
y
in
4)
3
cn
c
(S
0
U
>,
*2
3
*^
tO
IW
o
Results
c
41
3 •
-H W
*** it!
C -C
M O
TD
4)
JJ 0)
ui Q.
3 &•
xy
•O 41
3 a
jj >
J3
.
TJ
_jT
£1
(J
fO .
n
z
•H
co
41
n^
3
cn
•o
01 .
JJ CO
01
•H U
jj o
y w
< a
-
^
H^
C W
0 <13
•o
0) u
w o^
TJ (U
J3 'O
Q
o ja w
reducti
rate of
COD/g h
**> cr
n .. g
• a
r- O •**
<3\ u 'r
a.
=
?*4
IX *^
W 0
3 J=
u^ o
w y
3 *H
t. <
i ^
^r
i
i-t | vO O
co |in
0)
cn
•a
3
PM^
cn
T3
01 •
jj in
ra cn
> 0)
•-( O
jj o
y u
< a
c
0
• H
C JJ
0 (0
•a
^1 fl
41 M
cn CT^
rQ o>
JQ *O
Q
C -H •
0 J3 U
reducti
rate of
COD/g h
^ ..I1
• Q
**o o o
, >H
W 0
3 .C
«*- 0
u U
3 -H
b. <
1 *
S ™
01
CJl
•o
3
rH
VI
T3
jj in
fl CO
Activ
proce
t
2
0
•H
JJ
U
T3
<*>
0
O
1
in
o.
=
f.^
0
3
X
01
=
i jq
,5
-* 0
o c c
1
-J jl
•o
u
-o
^4
0)
(13
jj"
TJ •
4) C
JJ 0
fl 0
0) cp
£ ^S
•
C
0
• -*
% reduct
0
i
o
r-
M
h
^•4
g
fl
x
o
1
-H
i va
«
^
rsj
— ^ i^
O O CO uO
i ^
1 t
._, I
C
-J ' ' "
y MI y
fl 4) CO
y
•O O
01 W
X Oi
•H
g 4)
CT
>. -o
•H 3
4) r-l
U
Compl
vated
a
o
CO
an
O
03
X.
3
-
reductio
tion.
u
of -2
O 'O
O 4>
HH
Cu
»«4
0
C
fl
X
0) '
1
rH
1 f"'
h-<
0>
JJ
(0
^1
CU
13
J3
TJ •
01 C
JJ 0
TJ 0
oi a>
•
£
0
•H
% reduct
o
i
o
r-
M
h.
O
C
a
0
a •
o
tn
I-I
1 »
M
fl
"3
01
•H *
S 41
CP
XT
4) -
jj tn
41
7J TJ
O< 01
a >
a
0
a
0P
O
CO
X
2
|
JJ .
y c
3 0
•a -H
4) JJ
u y
3
VD 0)
l*-4
i.
1-4
0
C
tj
a
0
a '
o
CO
i-i
i <*
S ™
i «
CJ
!3
0
u
41
fl
TJ
01
JJ •
fl 4)
£ M
i— 1 JJ
y ~i
y 3
< y
w «• c
(0 O <^ -H
3 10 a,
C Q.
41 C 0 ••<
C 0 •* U
o a jj jj
jj 3 a tn
4) »
O -i J3
•H 41 J3
JJ JJ T)
y * oi
3 -H .a >
•o *o o
41 01 "O 6
^ E 41 4)
w y n
«• i 3
O C 01 O
«/3
114
0
C
(0
a.
0
a
0
cn
M
1 0
rtj
M
o>
*o
3
cn
4) •
jj cn
(Q CO
> 4)
•H y
JJ 0
u w
< a.
..
a
o
u
c c
0 0
•O JJ
4) (Q
cn -o
TJ <0
cn u
eduction
of biode
COD/g h
W O1
01 £
oC JJ
(CP rtj (N
a.
^
cn
3
in
01 .
(0 (/I
> 0)
•H O
jj o
y u
< a.
*
c
0
y
•o
01
u
o
o
1
S
•° ^*L
o 5 il
~* ^
Q -"§
O >*•< IN O
CO 0 T *•«
a.
3
o
c
a.
0
a.
p
1-1
i •""
< ^
3
o
c
a.
0
Ml
0
in
-.
M
M 1
1 fN
I—*
E-26
-------
^-»
13
01
3
C
• M
AJ
O
o
^
Cd
U
M!
03
^
£*
AJ
C
fl
0) '*"•
M *
— 1 Cfl
fl rH
0 O
WO
0 CJ
'oS
03
C
.. o
to .^
CO AJ
01 fl
o o
0 •-•
W U»4
OM -H
co
e co
O fl
'jJ 0
hi rH
AJ fl
C 0
01 -H
o e
C 01
o js
o a
»
13
3
CO
- 4-1
O
c
0
AJ
a.
•H
U
ca
*
i
IT
fll
W
a:
cn
c
e:
I
»
I
C/]
tu
0
Results
AJ
C
41
3 •
14-1 fl
C —
t-i CJ
4)
AJ CO
co a,
fl >>
S f-
>.o
13 «
3 a.
•u >.
]
fl
O
rti
Urf
o
I •
0
z
— 1
CO
01
C7*
13
3
CO
13
41 •
AJ CO
fl cn
^ (U
u u
< a
c
0
•H
C JJ
0 fl
13
13 fl
4)
•-* O
•w O
u n
< a
,%
a
8
c c
0 0
•-t
13 -U
01 fl
co 'O
fl fl
J3 M >
cn M
C 01 £
o -6
S3I
•o •*- a
0) 0
M cn
a> e
Of -U
V0 fl CO
cn hi (N
&
0
F-H
0
c
fl
x
01
o
u
u
l oi
< ~t
M
CO
41
13
rH
co
13
01 •
AJ cn
fl CO
> 01
38
O U
< a
<%
o
8
c c
0 0
0) fl
ca 13
fl fl
cn hi
C 0) JS
o -6
^ 0 cn
4J •-» X
o .a a
3 O
13 "W CJ
41 0
hi cn
AJ S
r** fl m
cn hi 1/1
Cli
3
^
fl
AJ
c
01
a
0
1-1
o
CJ
1 e*\
< -*•
fH
CO
V
CP
1
^H
CO
^
4)
28
U hi
< a
c
0
e j->
0 fl
TJ
^3 fl
0} U
cn a*
Jj *rj •
0 W
C -H £
0 X)
•H cn
AJ W V.
O 0 Q
u oi 8
01 4J
w to ^n
hi S
o^ •* \O
• a •
fM O ^
(J( U « *^
J= O
AJ C
O fl
£ X
•H 0)
a j=
i ^"
n
o
^™*
01
hi
3
4-*
i>H
s
u
u
•1*4
^2
0
01
fl
4*
3
OH
01
•H hi
01
O X
O 41
ffla
32
o "o
•H
XJ <#
o m
3 •
0) (0
• j£
a» CO
vO hi V
r* J3
5 "
r,
2
0)
w
3
AJ
i^
3
U
U
— 1
J3
0
U
01
fl
4)
3
a.
V C
03 X
4)
?8
0
•H IM
3 «•
13 V
0) . 13
*-t 3
01 ^
AJ CO
01
"> -0
a, oi
£ -U
O fl
CJ >
Q
O
03
g*
O
CO
c
0
•H
.u
u
hi C
o
O JJ
o o
*-* 3
in 0)
a.
i— i
0
c
fl
AJ
M
1 00
s "
o
o
^^
13
0)
AJ
fl
01
fl
^
^
"O •
01 C
4J 0
fl O
4) cn
hi fl
6- *i
•
0
•H
AJ
% reduc
0
i
o
m
Cu
^
0
e
fl
3
03
»-H
^V
AJ
w
i a>
5 "*
0
~*
i
AJ CO
O to
fl 0)
CJ
"O 0
01 h|
x a
•H
g 4)
cn
>. 13
-I 3
4) -H
AJ cn
01
Qi 01
S M
O fl
CJ >
Q
0
03
J0
0
CO
C
o
AJ
o
3
0) •
O ~4i
O 0
i-t 3
1 *O
in 41
cn hi
Em
^
0
fl
AJ
3
03
rH
^
AJ
U
1 0
M
m
01
cn
r~*
CO
13
01 •
AJ U)
fl co
> 01
3 8
u hi
< a
•
0
.&J
u
13
0)
m
00
i
in
p-
h,
^
"_j O
^ —4
t,
^
0
c
fl
AJ
3
03
cH
>«
AJ
03
1 -1
< ^
M
in
41
cn
13
^4
co
13
41 •
AJ CO
fl CO
> 0)
3 8
U hi
< a
•
§
•H
AJ
% reduc
in
CO
i
in
r»
•hi
Q*
*** o
^ Q
r* O
TT *H
&,
0
c
fl
X
41
je
e-4
5^
£,
AJ
U
1
-------
J fl
< 41
O **•?
fl ^-t
y o
cn 0
o y
i-4 i-4
0 <
a
i
Cd
•o
3
C/)
M-l
0
C
0
JJ
a
y
M
£
fl
t
Urf
O
as
(n
jj
c
(J)
P
g
O
U
rs
•a
3
jj
M
vu
0
W
JJ
3
Cfl
01
ex
c
4)
3 .
Uw fl
« a
•a
4J
•^ S
i/1 Q*
fl >.
3 f«
>u
| |
V) E«
)
^4
fl
y
'^
•••
o>
u
o cr <*">
£* fl A
OS
"o ^
0 ^
u o
— i c
*4 fl
^J
— 1 C
>* &
It
i ^-4
c —
1 — 1
W
^
CO
0)
cn
T3
3
^
(0
•o
JJ Ifl
fl (fl
> 4)
•H U
•u 0
y w
< a
0
•*H
C JJ
0 fl
T3
T3 ffl
4) U
(fl cn
fl 4)
j3 ^
0 •
C — i u
0 J3 J=
• H
jj «-i ad
y o x
3 a
T3 01 O
o> jj u
M fl
ki C"
*• g
* O
0 -4
0 JJ
a
of
0
CO
*N^
2
C
0
JJ
y c
3 O
-a .-i
4) JJ
w y
3
dp *O
CO 0)
cn u
M
Cb
«v^
0
4J
3
a
i ^r
s
(Ti
^
I
1
41
JJ "x
•-( 0
Cfl U
c a
41 a
tn fl
^"*
o
jj in
E
T3 W
^^ '*4
o c
i/l cn
41 W
U O .
3 y a
•H a
y jj
•H fl O
x 3 m
0 cr
T3
3
W
•n
jj en
fl W
> 4)
•H y
jj o
y u
< a
c
o
•H
JJ
y
3
TJ
4)
U
0*
O
O
^•4
1
in
cn
•5 m
fl X JJ
0 >• *4
i^ (N fl
T T3 O
0 X 0
O *< ^ O
ffl 0 't -4
H- 1
a.
«^ , H, , -
0
fl
Jj
3
a
| v^J
S
_ i
i3
•i1
Cn
TJ
3
,_4
W
T3
JJ V)
fl W
> 4)
•* U
JJ 0
y u
< a
a
8
c
0
c
tJ 0
01 •*
tn jj
jQ *Q
fl
c u •
0 O> VJ
•H 4) JC
y o cn
3 — X
T3 -3 Q
Q O
0
a* CP
ca 4) s
o: 13 -v
cn iM oo
IX
=
^_(
O
c
fl
Jj
3
MM
r*
-
_
'C3
i
'
CJ
JJ^
'O
3
W
T5
41 •
JJ Cfl
fl (fl
> 41
— * U
4J 0
y u
< a
Q
8
c
0
c
T3 0
4) **H
(fl JJ
fl fl
J3 T3
fl
e w •
0 O> U
y o cn
3 •-< \
TJ .a a
4) O
U U-l CJ
0
rf Cn
m 4) S
• -j
CO ^ ^^
cn v. in
a
3
rH
0
c
fl
3
a
i
y
o
1 00 I
> _
' 3
,
i
01
CT1
T3
3
^
V)
'O
0) •
JJ n
fl W
> 01
•H y
JJ 0
y w
< a
•w
8
c
0
c
•O 0
4) •-«
(A JJ
JS-S
fl
C W •
0 cn M
•* 4) jS
JJ -O
y o c"
3 -H X
-O J3 Q
« O
lM « O
0
*» Cn
m 4) £
• Jj
in fl o
cn w f^>
0,
"o
fl
3
a
i
£
0)
^
CM
5
y
j3
0
W
0)
fl
•o
01
JJ •
fl 4)
£ u
•H 3
~4 JJ
y -H
U 3
< y
T3
0)
•o
fl
u
0<
0)
•o
^
r-l
fl
•H
JJ
kj
fl
a
*u
fl
k)
^J
•_fl
^
3
W
co
-3
0
e
fl
^
3
a
i
u
kl
CI
_i
1 O
< ^
-
3
•^
H
_
3
i>
**^
C
." °
(fl JJ
4) fl
u y
0 -4
a, -H
cn
c cn
0 fl
•-< -H
JJ CJ
fl
jj fl
- y
y 'g
C 4)
c35
E-24
-------
INDEX (continued)
** Chemical Classifications
A Alcohol
B Aliphatic
C Amine
D Aromatic
S Ether
F Halocarbon
G Metal
I PCB
J Pesticide
K Phenol
L Phthalate
M Polynuclear Aromatic
***
a
b
c
d
Compound Code Number - Refers to Compound Code Number used
in Appendix Table E-l
Also see Ethylene Glycol
Also see 1,2-Ethanediol
Also see 1,2-Dichloroethane
Also see Ethylene Dichloride
Caution: Because a compound may have many synonyms as given
in The Merck Index the reader should check for a compound under
several names. This also applies to the pollutant group codes
assigned to each compound because a complete crosscheck between
synonyms was not undertaken.
E-23
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
Compound
Code No.***
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic
Acid
1,2, 3-Trichloropropane
Tr iethano lamine
Triethylene Glycol
Trifluralin
Trimethylphenol
2,4, 6-Trinitrotoluene
2,6, 6-Trinitrotoluene
Urea
Urethane
Valeric Acid
Vanadium
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Vinylidene Chloride
Xylene
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Xylenol
Zinc
Ziram
Zireb
* Pollutant Groups
A RCRA List -
H RCRA List -
H
H
S
(TNT)
H,T
S
H,P,T
H,T,S
S,T
S,T
S,T
S,T
S
P
Acute hazardous (Sec.
D
F
C
B
J
K
D
D
B
B
B
G
B
F
F
D
D
D
D
K
G
J
J
261.
ID- 81
IXF-50
XF-17
IXC- 30
IB- 91
IXB-59
IIIJ-15
IXK-26
IVD-1
IXD-60,61
XD-11,12
ID- 8 3
IB-92
IB- 9 3
IXB-60,61
XB-18
IIG-55
IXB-62
IF-10
VIIF-38
ID-85
VIID-17,18
IXD-62,63
ID-84
ID-84
ID-84
VIIK-21
IG-28 to 34
IIG-56 to 61
IIIG-12,13
IVG-4
IXG-28,29
XIIG-9
IJ-28
IJ-29
33(e) }
Hazardous {Appendix VII)
P Priority Pollutant (Consent Decree)
S Section 311
T RCRA List -
Compound
Toxic (Sec. 261. 33 (f) .
(a blank indicates that the compound
fall into one
of the above groups)
does
not
E-22
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Tribromomethane
Tributylamine
Trichloroacetic Acid
2,4, 6-Trichloroaniline
1,2, 3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
1,3, 5-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethane
1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
1,1, 2-Tr ichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloromethane
2,3, 5-Trichlorophenol
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenol
2,4, 6-Trichlorophenol
Pollutant
Group*
H,P,T
H,P
H,P,T
H,P,T
H,P,T
P/H,T,S
H,P,T
H,P,S
S
H,S,T
P,H,T,S
Chemical
Class. **
F
C
F
C
D
D
D
F
F
F
F
F
F
K
K
K
Compound
Code No. ***
VF-29
VIIF-30
IXF-42,43
IXC-29.
XC-12
IIIF-1
IC-35,36
ID-77
ID-78
VD-18,19
VIID-16
IXD-57,58,59
XD-10
ID-79,80
VIIF-31
IF- 6
VF-30/31
VIIF-32
IXF-44,45
XF-16
IF-7
VF-32,33
VIIF-33
IXF-46
IF-8,9
IIF-2
VF-34,35
VIIF-34,35
IXF-47,48
VIIF-36
IXF-49
VT-36
VIIF-37
IK-46,47
IK-48
IK- 49 to 52
VIIK-20
IXK-25
XK-19,20
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid
2,4,6-Trichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid
H,T
J
D
IJ-26,27
ID-82
i
(continued)
E-21
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
i -yrene
Styrene Oxide
Tannic Acid
2,4,5-T Ester
1,2,3, 4-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethane
1,1,1, 2-Tetrachloroe thane
1,1,2 , 2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetraethylene Glycol
Tetrachloromethane
Tetradecane
Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate
Thallium
Thanite
Thioacetamide
Thioglycollic Acid
Thiouracil
Thiourea
Tin
Titanium
Toluene
m-Toluidine
Toxaphene
Pollutant
Group*
S
S
H,T
H
H,T
H,P,T
P
H,P,S,T
H,P
H,T
H,T
H,P,S,T
• - • ••
P,H,T,S
Chemical
Class.**
D
D
B
J
D
D
D
F
F
F
F
B
F
B
J
G
J
C
B
B
B
G
G
D
D
D
J
Compound
Code No. ***
ID-63,64
VD-15
VIID-13
IXD-49,50,51
IXD-52
IB-87
IIJ-6
IXJ-41,42
ID-65
ID-66
ID-67,68
VIIF-26
IXF-38
XP-14
VF-25
VF-26
VI IF- 2 7
IXF-39
VF-27
VI IF- 2 8
IXF-40,41
XP-15
IXB-58
VF-28
VIIF-29
IXB-57
XB-17
IJ-24
IIG-51,52
IXG-27
IJ-25
1C- 3 4
IB-88
IB-89
IB-90
IIG-53
IIG-54
ID-69 to 75
VD-16,17
VIID-14,15
IXD-53,54,55
ID-76
IXD-56
IXJ-43,44,45
XJ-8
(continued)
E-20
-------
INDEX (continued)
Pollutant
Compound Group*
Phthalic Acid H
Phthalimide
Piperidine
Propanedinitrile
Propanenitrile
Propanol
i-Propanol
n-Propanol
Propionaldehyde
Propionic Acid S
Propoxur
B-Propriolactone
Propyl Acetate
n-Propylbenzene
Propylene Dichloride
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Oxide S
Pyrene P
Pyridine H,T
Pyrrole
Pyruvic Acid
Randox
Resorcinol S,T
Selenium ' H,P
Silver H,P
Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Sodium Alkyl Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium-N-Oleyl-N-Methyl Taurate
Sodium Pentachlorophenol
Sodium a Sulfo Methyl Myristate
Strontium
Chemical
Class. **
L
L
C
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
J
B
B
D
F
B
B
M
D
C
C
B
J
K
G
G
D
B
B
B
K
B
G
Compound
Code No. ***
IL-11
IL-12
IXC- 2 6
XC-10
IB- 80
IB- 81
IXA-21,22
XA-8
IIIA-5,6
IA-44
IXB-50
IXB-51,52
XB-15
IJ-23
IB-82
IXB-53
ID- 61
IXF-37
IXB-54
IXB-55
IIM-11
IXM-9
XM-7
IXD-47,48
IXC-27
IXC-28
XC-11
IXB-56
XB-16
IIIJ-14
IXK-24
XK-18
IIG-45,46,47
IXG-26
IIG-48,49,50
ID-62
IB-83
IB-84
IB-85
IK- 4 5
IB-86
IG-27
(continued)
E-19
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Octylamine
Oleic Acid
Oxalic Acid
Paraldehyde
Parathion
PCS (Unspecified)
Pentachlorethane
Pentachlorophenol
Pentamethylbenzene
Pentanamide
Pentane
Pentanedinitrile
Pentanitrile
Pentanol
Pentarylthritol
Perchloroethylene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
p-(Phenylazo) aniline
p-Phenylazophenol
2,3-o-Phenylene Pyrene
Phenylenediamine
m-Phenylenediamine
o-Phenylenediamine
p-Phenylenediamine
Phenyl Methyl Carbinol
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class. **
C
B
B
T D
A,H,S J
I
H/T P
A,H,P,S K
J
D
C
B
B
B
A
A
P,T F
P M
H,P,S,T K
C
K
M
C
* - -• (*
C
C
A
Compound
Code No. ***
IXC- 2 5
XC-9
IB-74
IB-75
ID-59
IXD-46
IJ-20,21
IIJ-5
IIIJ-13
IXJ-39,40
IXI-1,2,3
VIIF-24
IK-33,34
VI IK- 13
IXK-9,10
XK-14
IJ-22
ID-60
IC-29
IB-76
IB-77,78
IB-79
IXA-20
XA-7
I A- 4 2
VF-24
VIIP-25
IXM-8
XM-6
IK-35 to 43
IIIK-3,4,5
IVK-1
VK-1
VIIK-14 to 19
IXK-11 to 23
XK-15, 16,17
1C- 2 8
IK-44
IIM-10
1C- 30
IC-31
IC-32
IC-33
IA-43
(continued)
E-18
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Napthalene
B-Napthol
B-Napthylamine
Nickel
Nitrilotriacetate
o-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
m-Nitrobenzaldehyde
o-Nitrobenzaldehyde
p-Nitrobenzaldehyde
Nitrobenzene
m-Nitrobenzoic Acid
o-Nitrobenzoic Acid
p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
Nitrof luorine
m-Nitrophenol
o-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol
m-Nitrotoluene
o-Nitrotolucne
p-Nitrotoluene
Nonyl phenol
Octadecane
Octanoic Acid
Octanol
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
H,P,S,T M
K
H,T C
H,P G
B
C
A,H C
D
D
D
H,P,S,T D
D
D
D
D
S K
P,S K
P,H,T,S K
S D
S D
S D
K
B
B
.
- ' ' A
Compound
Code No. ***
IM-11 to 14
IIM-9
VM-1
IXM-6,7
XK-11
IXC- 2 4
IG-22 to 26
IIG-41 to 44
IIIG-11
IXG-25
IB-73
IC-26
IC-27
ID-46
ID-47
ID-47
ID-48 to 52
IID-2
VD-14
VIID-12
IXD-43,44,45
ID- 53
ID-54
ID-55
ID- 5 8
IK-29
IK-30,31
VIIK-11
IK-29, 32
IIIK-2
VIIK-12
XK-12,13
ID-56
ID-57
ID-57
IXK-8
IXB-48
XB-13
IXB-49
XB-14
IA-40,41
IXA-19
XA-6
(continued)
E-17
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
Compound
Code No.***
Iron
Iron (Fe+2)
Iron (Fe+3)
Isobutanol
Isobutyl Acetate
Isophorone
Isophthalic Acid
Isoprene
Isopropanol
Isopropyl Acetate
Isopropyl Ether
Kepone
Lactic Acid
Laurie Acid
Lead
T
P
H,S,T
H,P
Lindane
Malathion
L-Malic Acid
DL-Malic Acid
MaIonic Acid
Maneb
Manganese
G
G
A
B
B
D
L
B
A
B
E
J
B
B
B
B
B
J
G
IG-15
IIG-26,27,28
IIIG-8
IVG-2
IXG-12,13
IG-13
IG-14
IXA-15
IXB-34
IB-67
VIIB-3
IXD-40,41
IL-9
IXB-35
IA-28 to 32
IXA-16
IXB-36
IE-1,2,3
IXE-13
IXJ-36
IB-68
IB-69
IXB-37
XB-7
IG-16,17
IIG-29 to 33
IIIG-9,10
IXG-14,15,16
XIIG-6,7
IJ-14
IIJ-4
IIIJ-10
IXJ-37,38
IJ-15,16
IIIJ-11
IB-70
IB-71
IB-72
IJ-17
IG-18,19
IIG-34,35,36
IVG-3
IXG-17,18,19
(continued)
E-1S
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
Compound
Code No.***
Mercury H,P,T
Methanol
Methyl Acetate
7-Methyl-l,1-benzanthracene
2-Methylbenzenecarbonitrile
3-Methylbenzenecarbonitrile
4-Methylbenzenecarbonitrile
Methyl Butyl Ketone
20-Methylcholanthrene
4-Methylcyclohexanol
Methyl Decanoate
Methyl Dodecanoate
4,4'-Methylene bis-
(2-Chloroaniline) H,T
Methylene Chloride P
Methyl Ethyl Ketone H,T
Methylethylpyridine
2-Methyl-5-Ethylpyridine
Methyl Hexadecanoate
Methyl Isoamyl Ketone T
N-Methyl Morpholin«
Methyl Octadecanoate
Methyl Parathion A,H,S
Methyl Propyl Ketone
Molybdenum
Monoethanolamine
Monoisopropanolamine
Morpholine
) '
Myristic Acid
B
M
D
D
D
B
M
A
B
B
D
F
B
D
C
B
B
C
B
..B,
G
C
C
C
B
IG-20,21
IIG-37,38,39
VIIG-1
IXG-20 to 24
XIIG-8
IA-33 to 38
IIIA-3,4
IXA-17,18
IIIB-10,11
IXB-38
IM-9
ID-42
ID-43
ID-44
IXB-39
IM-10
I A-3 9
IXB-40
XB-8
IXB-41
XB-9
IXD-42
IF-5
IXF-36
VIIB-4,5
IXB-42
ID-45
IXC-19
IXB-43
XB-10
IXB-44
IXC-20
IXB-45
XB-11
IJ-18,19
IIIJ-12
IXB-46
IIG-40
IXC-21
IXC-22
IXC-23
XC-8
IXB-47
XB-12
(continued)
J
E-16
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Napthalene
B-Napthol
B-Napthy lamina
Nickel
Nitrilotriacetate
o-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
m-Nitrobenzaldehyde
o-Nitrobenzaldehyde
p-Nitrobenzaldehyde
Nitrobenzene
m-Nitrobenzoic Acid
o-Nitrobenzoic Acid
p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
Nitrofluorine
m-Nitrophenol
o-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol
m-Nitrotoluene
o-Nitrotoluene
p-Nitrotoluene
Nonylph«nol
Octadecane
Octanoic Acid
Octanol
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
H,P,S,T M
K
H,T C
H,P G
B
C
A,H C
D
D
D
H,P,S,T D
D
D
0
0
S K
P,S K
P,H,T,S K
S D
S 0
S 0
K
B
" '-. B
A
Compound
Code No. ***
IM-11 to
IIM-9
VM-1
IXM-6,7
XK-11
IXC- 2 4
IG-22 to
IIG-41 to
IIIG-11
IXG-25
IB-73
1C- 2 6
IC-27
ID-46
ID- 4 7
ID-47
ID-48 to
IID-2
VD-14
VI ID- 12
IXD-43,44
ID- 53
ID-54
ID-55
ID- 5 8
IK-29
IK-30,31
VIIK-11
IK-29, 32
IIIK-2
VIIK-12
XK-12,13
ID-56
ID-57
ID- 5 7
IXK-8
IXB-48
XB-13
IXB-49
XB-14
IA-40,41
IXA-19
XA-6
14
26
44
52
,45
(continued)
E-17
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Octylamine
Oleic Acid
Oxalic Acid
Paraldehyde
Parathion
PCS (Unspecified)
Pentachlorethane
Pentachlorophenol
Pentamethylbenzene
Pentan amide
Pentane
Pentan edinit rile
Pentanitrile
Pentanol
Pentarylthritol
Perchloroethylene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
p-(Phenylazo) aniline
p-Phenylazophenol
2,3-o-Phenylene Pyrene
Phenylenediamine
m-Phenylenediamine
o-Phenylenediamine
p-Phenylenediamine
Phenyl Methyl Carbinol
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
C
B
B
T D
A,H,S J
I
H,T F
A,H,P,S K
J
D
C
B
B
B
A
A
P,T F
P M
H,P,S,T K
C
K
.... .. .- M
C
C
C
C
A.
Compound
Code No. ***
IXC- 2 5
XC-9
IB-74
IB-75
ID- 5 9
IXD-46
IJ-20,21
IIJ-5
IIIJ-13
IXJ-39,40
IXI-1,2,3
VIIF-24
IK-33,34
VIIK-13
IXX-9,10
XK-14
IJ-22
ID- 60
IC-29
IB-76
IB-77,78
IB-79
IXA-20
XA-7
I A- 4 2
VF-24
VI IF- 2 5
IXM-8
XM-6
IK-35 to 43
IIIK-3,4,5
IVK-1
VK-1
VIIK-14 to 19
IXK-11 to 23
XK-15,16,17
1C- 2 8
IK-44
IIM-10
IC-30
IC-31
IC-32
IC-33
I A- 4 3
(continued)
E-18
-------
INDEX (continued)
Pollutant Chemical Compound
Compound Group* Class.** Code No.***
Phthalic Acid H
Phthalimide
Piperidine
Propanedinitrile
Propanenitrile
Propanol
i-Propanol
n-Propanol
Propionaldehyde
Propionic Acid S
Propoxur
B-Propriolactone
Propyl Acetate
n-Propylbenzene
Propylene Dichloride
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Oxide S
Pyrene P
Pyridine H,T
Pyrrole
Pyruvic Acid
Randox
Resorcinol S,T
Selenium ' H,P
Silver H,P
Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Sodium Alkyl Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium-N-Oleyl-N-Methyl Taurate '" .
Sodium Pentachlorophenol
Sodium a Sulfo Methyl Myristate
Strontium
L
L
C
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
J
B
B
D
F
B
B
M
D
C
C
B
J
K
G
G
D
B
B
B
K
B
G
IL-11
IL-12
IXC- 2 6
XC-10
IB-80
18-81
IXA-21,22
XA-8
IIIA-5,6
I A- 4 4
IXB-50
IXB-51,52
XB-15
IJ-23
IB- 8 2
IXB-53
ID- 61
IXF-37
IXB-54
IXB-55
IIM-11
IXM-9
XM-7
IXD-47,48
IXC-27
IXC- 2 8
XC-11
IXB-56
XB-16
IIIJ-14
IXX-24
XK-18
IIG-45,46,47
IXG-26
IIG-48,49,50
ID-62
IB-83
IB-84
IB-85
IK- 4 5
IB-86
IG-27
(continued)
E-19
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
c -yrene
Styrene Oxide
Tannic Acid
2,4,5-T Ester
1,2,3, 4-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3 , 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethane
1,1,1, 2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2 , 2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetraethylene Glycol
Tetrachloromethane
Tetradecane
Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate
Thallium
Thanite
Thio ace t amide
Thioglycollic Acid
Thiouracil
Thiourea
Tin
Titanium
Toluene
m-Toluidine
Toxaphene
Pollutant Chemical Compound
Group* Class.** Code No.***
S D
D
B
S J
0
D
H,T D
H F
H,T F
H,P,T F
P F
B
H,P,S,T F
B
J
H,P G
J
H,T C
B
8
H,T B
G
G
H,P,.S.,T.. D
D
P,H,T,S D
J
ID-63,64
VD-15
VI ID- 13
IXD-49,50,51
IXD-52
IB- 8 7
IIJ-6
IXJ-41,42
ID- 6 5
ID-66
ID-67,68
VI IF- 2 6
IXF-38
XF-14
VF-25
VF-26
VI IF- 2 7
IXF-39
VF-27
VI IF- 2 8
IXF-40,41
XF-15
IXB-58
VF-28
VIIF-29
IXB-57
XB-17
IJ-24
IIG-51,52
IXG-27
IJ-25
IC-34
IB-88
IB-89
IB-90
IIG-53
IIG-54
ID-69 to 75
VD-16,17
VIID-14,15
IXD-53,54,55
ID-76
IXD-56
IXJ-43,44,45
XJ-8
(continued)
E-20
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Tr ibromome thane
Tributy lamina
Trichloroacetic Acid
2,4, 6-Trichloroaniline
1,2, 3-Trichlorobenzene
1, 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
1,3, 5-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethane
1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
1,1, 2-Tr ichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloromc thane
2,3, 5-Trichlorophenol
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenol
2,4, 6-Trichlorophenol
Pollutant
Group*
H,P,T
H,P
H,P,T
H,P,T
H,P,T
P,H,T,S
H,P,T
H,P,S
S
H,S,T
P,H,T,S
Chemical
Class. **
F
C
F
C
D
D
D
F
F
F
F
F
F
K
K
K
Compound
Code No. ***
VF-29
VIIF-30
IXF-42,43
IXC-29.
XC-12
IIIF-1
IC-35,36
ID-77
ID- 7 8
VD-18,19
VIID-16
IXD-57,58,59
XD-10
ID-79,80
VIIF-31
IF-6
VF-30,31
VIIF-32
IXF-44,45
XF-16
IF-7
VF-32,33
VIIF-33
IXF-46
IF-8,9
IIF-2
VF-34,35
VIIF-34,35
IXF-47,48
VIIF-36
IXF-49
VF-36
VIIF-37
IK-46,47
IK- 4 8
IK- 49 to 52
VIIK-20
IXK-25
XK-19,20
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid
2,4, 6-Trichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid
H,T
J
D
IJ-26,27
ID-82
(continued)
E-21
-------
INDEX (continued)
Compound
Pollutant Chemical
Group* Class.**
Compound
Code No.***
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic
Acid
1,2, 3-Trichloropropane
Triethanolamine
Triethylene Glycol
Trifluralin
Triraethylphenol
2,4, 6-Trinitrotoluene
2,6, 6-Trinitrotoluene
Urea
Urethane
Valeric Acid
Vanadium
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Vinylidene Chloride
Xylene
ra-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Xylenol
Zinc
Ziram
Zireb
* Pollutant Groups
A RCRA List -
H RCRA List -
H
H
S
(TNT)
H,T
S
H,P,T
H,T,S
S,T
S,T
S,T
S,T
S
P
- ...
Acute hazardous (Sec.
D
P
C
B
J
K
D
D
B
B
B
G
B
F
F
D
D
D
D
K
G
J
J
261.3
ID-81
IXF-50
XF-17
IXC- 30
IB- 91
IXB-59
IIIJ-15
IXK-26
IVD-1
IXD-60,61
XD-11,12
ID- 8 3
IB-92
IB- 9 3
IXB-60,61
XB-18
IIG-55
IXB-62
IF-10
VI IF- 3 8
ID- 8 5
VIID-17,18
IXD-62,63
ID- 8 4
ID- 8 4
ID-84
VIIK-21
IG-28 to 34
IIG-56 to 61
IIIG-12,13
IVG-4
IXG-28,29
XIIG-9
IJ-28
IJ-29
3(e) }
Hazardous {Appendix VII)
P Priority Pollutant (Consent Decree)
S Section 311
T RCRA List -
Compound
Toxic (Sec. 261. 33 (f)
(a blank indicates that the compound
fall into one
of the above groups)
}
does
not
E-22
-------
INDEX (continued)
** Chemical Classifications
A Alcohol
B Aliphatic
C Amine
0 Aromatic
S Ether
F Halocarbon
***
a
b
c
d
G Metal
I PCB
J Pesticide
K Phenol
L Phthalate
M Polynuclear Aromatic
Compound Code Number - Refers to Compound Code Number used
in Appendix Table E-l
Also see Ethylene Glycol
Also see 1,2-Ethanediol
Also see 1,2-Dichloroethane
Also see Ethylene Dichloride
Caution: Because a compound may have many synonyms as given
in The Merck Index the reader should check for a compound under
several names.This also applies to the pollutant group codes
assigned to each compound because a complete crosscheck between
synonyms was not undertaken.
E-23
-------
J
l-(
a
<
!
fl
41
* »-4 ID
= y o
o -^ -c
CP o
o y
••* ^
-i 0 <
u c
J •• 0
a a •-•
< tn jj
e- 01 fl
o •"
U iu
Oi -H
tn
c ,
•o
JJ
CO
0
tn
^
3
tn
41
at
c
0)
3 .
— i ki
~ U
•u
01
jj 01
A O>
fl >
X H
>«o
II
W H
3
^
U
y
•*
£
S
«••
o
> .
3
Z
£ fl A
as
o ~T
y o
—i C
< fl •
JJ
-< c
>. 01
(tf 1
1 -H
f ~
1 — •
-
03
0)
CP
•3
3
tn
•o
41 >
jj tn
fl tn
> 0)
•* y
jj 0
y w
< a
0
•«4
C JJ
0 fl
•o
•O fl
0) kj
tn CP
fl 4)
C •-« U
0 .0 J5
••<
jj
3 Q
•O 4) O
« 2 I"
ro •«
* Q O
0 O •
CP. O 03
0.
3
,*^
fl
4)
C
U
0
a
, (N J
p— • i
o
o
— <
c
§
CP
c
"O 4)
4) B
JJ JJ
fl fl
W 0)
C
0
*H
JJ
O
3
*o
0)
L^
0
CT*
1
O
p"
M
b
f— ^
Q
£
fl
^
3
a
1
i m
—
_
0
1 01
1 '^ VI
-J CJ
u o
fl 0
•0 Q.
0)
X 41
•-> CP
5 'O
3
-< tn
4)
JJ T3
0> 0)
— 1 JJ
^^ fl
S >
0 •-•
0 u
a
Q
09
40
o
03
2
C
0
jj
y c
3 0
•O •-(
41 JJ
W U
3
00 t3
03 01
ON w,
M
a,
«^
0
c
fl
fc-J
3
I
i r,
— 1
:sn
0
41
JJ U
.-. o
tn w
c a,
41 a>
tn fl
^^
o
jj tn
•o tn
*^ ••*
0 C
Si fl
in CP
4) W
^ C
jj y a.
•H a
y jj
rt fl O
x 3 in
o cr 41
"H O
jj o
y u
< 0,
c
O
•H
JJ
y
3
4)
W
O
O
— 1
1
in
w
•Q • •<-"
-4 4)
•* y
jj o
y u
< a
a
8
s
o
•a o
0) -H
tn jj
§w •
CP W
••* 01 .C
jJ TS
y o CP
3 •-. \
13 J Q
a o
U <« CJ
0
03 a I*
oj "3 ^r
<3> U 33
a.
3
("^
0
T3
^j
3
a
i r-
-
co
0)
*o
3
tn
T3
jj tn
fl tn
> 4)
•-* y
jj 0
y ^
< a
Q
8
c
o
•O 0
41 -H
cn jj
fl fl
jQ T3
fl
C M •
O CP W
•- ( 0) JT
JJ *Q
CJ 0 CP
3 ••* X
T3 J3 O
oi O
**»
m oi e
o fl >n
i3> w in
0.
0
fl
«J
3
a
i
CJ
D
V)
1 3
—
^»
01
•3
tn
0) •
jj cn
fl tn
.2 S
jj 0
y w
< a
-,"
8
e
o
c
•O 0
cn JJ
^j ^3
fl
e u •
O CP vi
•2 41 J=
jJ T3
y o CP
3 -H \
T3 J3 Q
0) O
w ^
*» CP
m oi S
m fl o
-------
*-•»
•o
4)
3
C
4J
^
0
o
»^
W
u
u
03
<
6-
e
1
.u
IS
•W >»
/R
*w
fli
•4*
0
00
41
o»
*o
3
01
TJ
4) •
JJ M
0)
u u
< a.
o
c ±j
0 <9
01 W
(0 O>
<9 01
"S
C -H •
O jQ vi
•M jCT
Px!
•o 01 a
4) JJ p
M
f^ •« S
• a
GO o o
a.
D
"o
•H
•o
4)
C
>9
4J
03
1
^
I -*
< "•
00
4)
a*
3
^
0)
•o
01 •
4J 0]
IQ 41
< a
§
c e
O 0
•H
tj 4J
01 iO
tn 'o
CP W
a ot £
O -o
•-• 0 CP
** "* Cf
3 O
o> 'o °
vi er>
4} S
vfl (0 00
cn vi
4J ••* \
O 03 Q
3 O
0) O
;. a
OA Vi in
=
i-H
0
ts
^J
c
41
|
U
U
1 <^
< ~>
«— i
03
4)
^
1
^H
V)
•8 .
•U 01
<0 (0
U Vi
< a
0
e -u
0 <0
T3
H 2
W C7^
At . -^
J= 0
•U C
5) <
E x
~> 41
Q J=
i v
< "*
1-1
m
O
41
U
3
f—>
3
U
U
•H
J3
O
01
01
w
a.
"O
0)
e JJ
4)
O X
O 0)
"a
O £*
c ^^
0 0
••4
•U 4*
o m
3 •
T3 r- •
41 01
VI Vi
• £
*
< -i
*"*
0
o
•a
41
,
•a •
4) C
il 0
>a o
0 en
fr> -i
c
0
4J
41
Vi
O
en
i
0
b.
-H
0
1
03
_
1 O
**
n
o
41
Li
3
^
3
U
U
J3
2
41
|Q
4)
M
•3
a.
n1 e
rsi ••*
c -a
•»•( 49
§01
X
0*
o a
C H
0
—I %*
•u O
u
3 a*
•O 1-
41
§
a
40
o
00
J
§
•«4
u
1 .
VI C
o
*• ••*
o .u
o u
^ 3
en w
-
i^4
0
2
~
w
1 00
< ~*
"*
o
*o
41
JJ
fl
Vl
41
^,
•O •
41 C
*• 2
(Q O
o» w
W 15
t* *H
C
0
•H
^
U
•o
01
Vl
+
o
in
i
o
b.
^
0
fl
3
03
5s
bl
1 0^
< "^
O
1
-J !f>
O W
iO u
a
41 Vi
x a
g 4)
O1
51* TJ
4) ^
01
a" V
0 «
0 >
§
03
^f
O
CO
J
o
—4
u
73
4, .
Q
«• -H
O -U
0 U
-H 3
i -a
m o)
C^ Vl
-
i-t
g
*fl
4J
3
03
1"
U
I 0
< <"
**
m
4)
CT>
2
U)
•o
4) •
*J 0)
10 V)
> 4)
38
U Vl
< cu
e
o
^J
•o
01
Vl
in
CO
i
in
r*
•g *•*
-0 o
^ o
Cl 0
*
^
0
(^
^
3
03
r-(
1"
b3
1 -^
rf (^
*"*
m
0 01
> 0)
e
0
jj
u
"O
0)
Vl
*
00
1
in
r»
l*£
•3 o
•^ o
(N O
V >H
fc
"o
e
X
41
^
-4
£
?
(N
1
-------
C
0)
~ 0) -»
J ^ <
3
C
0
6-
-t (fl
U 'o
•-« jC
cn o
0 u
"o <
03
•• O
v> -t
a) jj
oi fl
cj (J
O •-•
W ttnJ
CU -I
1
>,
T3
3
CO
U-l
O
g
0
jj
Q.
•H
w
u
to
,
2 e-
>.u
1 a
jj S
J3
t
fl
c
i
fl .
O
^^
09
01
TJ
3
^H
CO
TJ
0) •
JJ tO
fl 10
> 0)
2 8
u >-
< a
_
^
c ^
0 fl
TJ
•O fl
01 W
(0 cn
fl 01
C-? .
0 J3 W
•^ Jm
U 0 Cn
TJ 4) O
0> JJ O
n fl y
u
<*).ȣ
• a
!*• O •"'
Gn cj ^
a.
3
^^
>* <"^
u 0
3 .S
iw 0
U U
i
— iva 10 —
co |in
0)
C"
3
—1
<0
TJ
0) •
JJ tO
fl tO
> 01
"* O
jj 0
U U
< a
c
0
e jj
0 fl
TJ fl
O) I-
to cn
fl (U
c •* •
o .a i-
•-' ^5
JJ U-l
o 0 cn
3 \
TJ oi a
01 JJ p
w fl y
2 ~£
* a
*J9 O O
a* y *
cu
3
*•*
0 ,0
1
••4 •
1 «J '•"
T3
0)
a^
TJ
3
f«4
<0
TJ
01 •
JJ U]
fl (0
> «
•*•* 0
jj o
U ki
< a.
5
u
3
T3
of
0
O
1
in
a.
3
>^ ^^ *-^
u 3 O
3 — S
MM 0 fl
U J X
3 — t _3 — i
I IT
<
<'
s
< r4
^J
fl
01
fl
J3*
TJ •
01 C
1 Treat
[ lagoo
^
5
~)
3
TJ
01
w
of
O
1
O
H4
b.
^-4
0
*••
fl
X
a
T
— i
^j
o
o
*— *
rg — i I vo '
0 0 x c=i
i
t •
CJ '/)| J
fl i)|TJ
U
1 2
x a.
.-*
e v
C"
*-i 3
Ol ^
JJ V)
01
11
3 5
a
o
03
O
09
3
3
'Z
% reduc
uction.
0 TJ
O 0)
— 1 Wl
»•*
Cu
*•*< ' '
0
fl
X
V
1
i £
<: ^
01
JJ
fl
0)
fl
£
TJ •
ai r;
Treat
lagoo
c
0
^
u
3
TJ
0)
w
0
o
HI
u.
"o
c • '
fl
a
0
w
a,
0
(0
HI
1 35
fl
01
X
•^ •
g 01
> 73
~* 3
jJ 10
01
•-J T)
rl| 4)
O fl
y >
a
40
o
00
a"
c
o
reduct
uction.
* TJ
^O 0)
HI
Cb
"o
C' "
fl
a
0
W
a
0
«
< ^
i • »
i pp t i
U
o
u
01
•a
01
fl 0)
E M
"t 3
"o -<
0 3
< U
0 ••* J3
•i « »a
JJ JJ TJ
y « >• oi
•§ 3 'fl 1
41 01 'O S
h* S 01 01
•~, u u
«» a 3
O JJ 13 «*
O S il) O
— i •-! JM in
C/3
J
"o
C
^
a.
0
1^
0,
0
(0
1 0
01
f^
3
CQ
•o
J^
13
3
(0
T3
D 4) •
fl tfl
> 01
U W
< a.
a
8
c c
0 0
•H
oi ia
(0 'O
0> u
e 01
•H O
JJ 0
u u
< a
0
jj
^j
3
•0
0)
u
I
i
in
>Vi
fl ^ AJ
3 *O ^
»~* /5"
a -8
SW PM O
O V —
a.
3
0
C
fl
a
0
^4
^
0
U)
-------
"O
V
3
C
•H
JJ
C
0
u
I
u
a
2
— •*
M
^^
+j
e
4)
s
jj
fl
o>.
u <
t, —
-« «
ig .-<
•Si
£8
»-t ••«
o <<
•H
CO
e
.. o
0) -H
(0 4J
« fl
8-2
W **J
CU -H
c to
O fl
jj a
fl
b rH
iJ fl
e u
0) -H
c v
*j
cc
0)
—
0)
o
-
ff*
3
™
C/l
<
a 3B H
U >»O
S 3 CU
u ^ ^H
CO ^
•fl
*fl
y
g
01
g
o
> i '
vO O
>-1 , ^ — > . U1 i — • — c V —
in OO C ,C5|J3 CD C . C ~ ~ _
• !
i
i "^3
i QJ
^j
a1
-o
3
»-*
U)
t3
^j *
•u cn
a;
•H U
^J 0
0 ^
< a
•
e
0
M
u
•a
0)
in
00
i
in
t-
"X
73 ^V*1
8 ^«
" 5 °
§^ o
«W CM O
^
b.
— i
o-
c
tj
5
0)
z
1 <->
< °
^
fl
^4
OJ
13
^
T3 •
0) C
^ 0
fl 0
oi cr
£2
•
c
Q
jj
U
•a
0)
o
in
i
O
ro
M
i»
p^
0
c
TJ
£.
4J
S
1 t
< "
ai . a - -3 ^ - __
u ; - , ^ i. = . u _ -
3 3 fl •-. 1
•^ ; *J ,__ y 2
. T3 TT *
U ' *"'
3
u
u
3 0) S fl , ?> OJflD-j!
U , X 3 i> -O i X w - X
••4 •
u • s oi
2 ••*(£?
0
^4
0)
fl
0)
u
3
CU
•O Q
0) O
in H
Q 3
O *M
0] (NQ
O
(M 40
0 (T r-
C -H •
0 -< 1 W
•*4 ^ W
*J V —
u o •
01 vO
W r-i . c
g U 3 — .. OJ 3 — •.
jj ',-1 £ 11
>. J (fl
0) 01 JJ
> -u c
LI en fl
3 fl —
01 3 a
1 _Q
a
CQ
^
0
CO
3
0
4-1
U C
3 0
12
w u
3
«* -a
TT 01
CO U
M
b«
-
^
0
c
fl
.£
jj
0)
i r~
S "
a.
a,
o
^^
m
i
o
JfJ
U-l
0
•
CJ
5
u
JJ 73
C 01
4) >
3 i
,— I .—
0)
•H O
4J 0
U Vi
< Q.
a
o
CJ
e c
0 0
•O 4J
01 fl
(0 73
fl fl
CT W
S 01 £
•H 0 O<
53 1
73 144 CJ
0) 0
W CT>
01 E
«f fl O
cn w •»
a.
3
1
0
"o
y
>, — i
JS 0
•u c
J! 3
1 01
i co ( a\
a
o
CO
o
CO
J
o
•H
-U
u c
3 0
73 •-.
0) .u
M U
3
«* -u
in oi
r» u
M
a.
^
0
*
8
i a
fl , -j i S a ,
j i 5 — < 5
I
*CT •
0) C
jj 0
fl 0
01 O1
Ll fl
&• — 1
.
c
0
-J
u
3
73
1)
O
1
O
M
Cu
^
g
4J
u
0
•+
2 *
u
Aerob
01 — <
u
Comp 1 '
vated
f
t
^
•j
a
01
y
1
4J
0
z
HH
J
^
0
•-•
_i
t_l
^
w
fl
tj
C
c
0
y
3
73
0)
m
T
in
CO
M
Cb
«^
X
01
o
-t C
c -a
01 W
O) J= fl
a a. cj
1 fN
1 m
E-27
-------
-o
«
3
C
!
<*^
I*
u
w
fcj
3
6-
^•^
M
4J
C
5
2^
-t M
fl ^H
U 0
••« JC
^•4 ^
0 <
a
e
.. o
W "4
J c
3 3 •
±j «^ ij
cn *w fl
c ^
^W H* CJ
0 T3
C V
O *•< 11
•H ca a>
JJ (O >
a. s E-
o >,"
i) 3 a
O 4J >,
CO t<
^
0
•p*
e
JS
u
0
—i
00
•o
3
(0
V •
-U M
(Q 0)
IS
e
0
C 4J
O 4
•o
•o *
9) h
(0 C7>
Hj ^
C -H •
O J3 W
i °^
^5§
M fl U
s «. s
• a
a> p -*
^ o ^*
flu
3
"o
C
f-
M
a.
i
c
i v
< T
M
^^
5
o
"**
E-28
-------
41
C
•^
5
y
^
a
3
2
e-
fl flQ
H w
—I -H
y fl
T> a
o •-
^•4 ^*4
O <
.*4
c
•• 0
to — «
in jj
4) U
y y
0 •"
U IU
3. -H
01
C V)
0 ^
*J O
fl
^J (Q
= y
0) •-
y E
C "J
o —
0 0
>1
•o
Jj
c
0
Jj
a
u
y
;u
u
^
1
^^
_;/
—
C/l
c
1)
g
o
u
fc
_-
"1
H
en
u ,
o
•J)
3
j-«
Vj
a
jj
,*«
a!
— I 1*
*4 (fl
C £
w O
•a
41
^ 2.
^
3 e-
xy
"O 4)
3 a
•w >
CO f-
1
^
cr>
H -2
•
c
0
y
3
•o
01
Ll
*
o
CO
o
HH
Cb
41
•o
£.
4)
13
•H
±J
41
y '
r
03 -i
M
-3
i
;
|
O
^
3
— i
V)
13
.u «
fl to
> 4)
•H y
-u 0
y L,
< a
(
c
0
Jj
y
3
41
at
in
CO
1
in
CO
•o .a o
«J ~* O
a: o -a «-<
^
Cb
4>
*
J=
4)
•o
3
3 01
— . — *
'*j y
CU
^
•C*
0)
2
•n
4J
41
y
i
03 t*)
• s-
•**
t ,
, -T
i ti
•j
• 3
, s
/ 0
1 y
1
LI
0
U-l
i^
I
03
01
41
C/7
a
a
o
o
f*>
i
o
in
tM
0
y
3
y
JJ -0
C 4)
01 >
3 4)
-* —4
Uri y
u «
§
&
|
O J3
o a*
*H CU
^^
u
^
0)
c
Q.
Q)
O
1
CQ ^r
^
c
^
-r
w
•*J
13
W|
cu
fl
>^
jQ
•o •
V C
jj o
fTj Q
(U ff*
^-
•
c
0
y
3
TJ
4)
w
0
O
O^
o
p»
. t
0-
01
c
0
4>
y
,
03 in
.-4
O
"*
1
^
1^
•»
13
0) •
— -J
j y
fl 3
--. 13
U«4 Q
•H W
-i a
c
41 C
•O 0
•H -»4
Jj
o *n
z -o
_y
CQ
0
14
o
•o
4)
•D
HJ
u
01 •
^3 C^
c
>l -H
-i a
oi a
AJ -4
41 U
— 1 *J
a ,
CJ -Q
C/)
03
41
C
.0 ,
^J
41
y
<
1
A3 ^0
-
CJ
.
i J3
C •-•
o j:
y c
c
41 >•
x" "v
0 *J
I
o
•^
03
41
— t
Li
^
••4
C
0
41
y
*
1
oj r*
•£
O
•^
CT» 3
LI a o
3
U Ll
"U 4) —
4) 4J
N <*- T
•H fl (M
•o
•M 0
>* 41 ITJ •-(
^H X 4J
•H D *» fl
•O m t)
^
**4
C*
0^
>,
4J
0)
0
1
CQ ^
in
O
^
- *
-. ^
'** H
-* „ „
= -3
& M
"" -J
OJ
Li
^ 4J
0 -J
>. 3 ai
1! D -J
Ll 'JJ ^
3 /O —
en 3 a
a
a
o
o
CM
I
O
(N
**4
0
u
0
y
4J T3
e 41
v >
3 41
— 1 -H
«- fi
IM Q
u >a
o
in
i a
in a
M
o
Ch
e
• •4
4)
0
Ll
y
i O
03 **
•^
Z
Z
~*
3
^
' '.
^^
E-29
-------
13 03
0) —
1
e
o
u
I
u
0 <
a
•u
3
U
CO
c
0
a
•^
^
u
a
5
X
n
IM
X
en
e
01
0
u
*^f
2*
3
4J
C/l
0
V)
4J
3
•
n H
i
0
e
w
u
) .
0
1
^Q
V
^
•a
3
tn
•o
M tn
fl Ul
> 4)
•
C
O
4J
U
3
4)
M
in
^
i
03
« i2*»
o 5 •«
^4 O*
O
Q •* 0
O **
O fl
u >
•
c
o
4J
u
3
4)
W
in
o>
i
in
CO
Eh
*U
••H
U
(rf
y
»-4
W
y
m
a -•
1— «
o
•3
^
fl
w
01
fl
£
1 c
w 2
fl O
4) O>
Wl fl
&• "t
•
c
o
^
y
1
w
*
o
(^
1
o
b.
01
•H
Wl
4J
c
o
*H
y
i "•
2 ^
i
,
~t ,1
u ^
fl a
j
-3 0
01 u
X £,
i -.
^
>> T3
•H 3
0) .-i
0)
-• T3
a, a>
§u
fl
u >
•
c
o
.u
U
3
4)
O
O
*••
1
in
Cb
4)
•H
•H
W
U • •
c
0
~+
y
•*
1 ^
a -1
^2
ul
1)
T3
2
y)
•o
J-i Ul
fl 4)
y IH
< Q.
•
c
o
y
3
41
«*
0
0
i^
1
in
** $i u
0 < >u
*""* 7^
o
§^ 0
<*J (N O
a o «r -^
b
4)
^^
•H
W
^J , ™ . -.
c
0
^^
w
u
vO
a -•
^
-^
01
O1
•a
yi
T3
01 •
4J W
fl cn
Activ,
proce
J
0
-•4
jj
y
4)
00
O
c
§.
cu
o
b.
4)
*«4
'*4
Vl
^
e
0
>,
w
y
r^
a "
P"*
2
*
^j
T^ *Z
;y
> i
i.J — 1
fl JJ
TJ fl
•*4 ^J
x wi
O o<
<4-l 1*4
O 0
•" W
—1 £
«
r** ^*
^k fN
3
T3 V
* £
••4 fQ
*^
•H "0
X 4) •
0 -u C
W O
>. 41 -H
-H X JJ
— i « fl
^j ^3
fl Q -H
U Q X
ai f. 0
.
a.
o
o
M
•o
•H
y
<
y
a.
•3
1 =0
ffl "*
1-1 '
o
"3 >•
— ^4 ^
3 u -3
-» 0) fl
_j a. 01
3 fl VI
7i -< fl
p g
"" fl 01
4) 4) W fl
3^ 3 0) Wi
>. O " 31
X JS fl 01
O tn S T3
c
T3
4)
4J
W
4)
X
41
Q
g
I^J
0
0*
U)
O w*
^ <£•
a ^
3 (N
&
a
0
o
in
a
0)
•*^
c
fl
*
i ^
a -1
__
2
ii
^ '
_3
1/5
•o
V •
fl 0)
2 8
y w
< Q.
C
0
C 4J
0 fl
"0
^D fl
4) M
in CP
fl 4)
J2 ^
Q
s ••«
C JQ M
"** £
^j (M
y o o>
•O 4) Q
4) U O
Wj fl CJ
u
in •• £
• Q
IN O O
a\ cj v
3
3 4)
•H 4J
5 -•
Jfl
X
o
1 i °
, a ^
5 ;
.
Ul
^3
Q
-4
Wi
11
o.
c
o
••4
Jj
fl
•a •
•-. at
x u
0 £
U (N
y o
x
i
a.
o
0
in
o
~
w
jj
• H
2
••H
cu
fl
ij
3
a
i ~*
a !N
—
§
-•
^
•-
3
O
^^
i
1
c cn
O fl
••H —(
-u U
fl
Wl ~-l
jj fl
C U
4) .,*
^§
36
E-30
-------
0
y
•s
i
Cd
a
I
^•h
M
^•*
JJ
3
S
jj — .
U
W i-H
jj *
c y
V -H
y s
C 41
O £
J O
.
V*4
CX
!/)
_,
§
• j
W
^*
3
U)
0
j
*•
01
Jj
H c
•O 41
3 3 •
JJ — t k4
tn <*4 io
C J=
1*4 1-1 CJ
o -v
e «
Q 4J 41
H 01 Q.
a, 5 t-
y >.°
(A 'Q 41
«| 0 ^
Q JJ >,
W 1"
J3
*-\
fl
y
E
*-"
~ ,^
07
JJ
4) y
Jrf 4)
ig »j
a 4)
3
3 •
C 13 W
4) 4) U
0< JJ J=
^*i ffl
X -H (N
o a.-
•a
1 4) •
•-« JJ C
X U 0
o o> •-«
X JJ
• 1) Ifl
~* a -4
3 P X
0 P O
V) Ud ^4J
0 0
JJ
3 nf U
.Q CD .C
>.
a
0
•H
JJ
•H
C
•rj
Oi
C
fl
3
0)
2^
1 ^
5
•o
a a 11
3 3 JJ
« u
W Ul 41
O U X
c
jj
n 3J
. vO -O
-« T3 4)
3 •-! JJ JJ
o a. w u
^H tt3 W 4)
« 41 uj •
^-» • u o M
•- 1 tj W U
•a n 3 •» £
ro N y r»
41 •-• y • v
C6 'O 0 -H IN
a
o
4)
^4
jj
•^
C
2
fl
3
a
a
i '"" *
3
0
1 "^
W
>^
^4
01
*
T3
^J
*o
fl
w
c^
1)
«
1)
Jj
U4
rQ •
-o §
01 -t
w 1:
at -a
X -4
0) X
Q °
4
Jj
3
03
i m
o
t
e
0
jj
y
3
•o
4)
m
|
ir»
GO
^s
*O — ^
js rtj '
0 ^
M
Cb
•o
y
•*"'".
y
••4
U
>|
3
a
03 IN
^
5
C
T3 0
4) ••«
^J ^J
M (Q
1) tJ
X --*
0
^j
P 1*4
P 0
1*4 U)
»•
5 ?!
0 w
«J 4)
4j
5- ^
1
o
o
m
a
0
•o
• H
y
y
Ui
>t
JJ
3
CO
2-
o
m
•a
11
JJ
'tl
i,^
«
_g*
•o •
4) C
fl 0
U O^
Ul ^
3
03
1
^^
^ ^
jj •-<
,
3
0)
1
w
^
e
13
4)
41
X
U
O
Q
0 •
Ul
V0 £
-4 (N
1
o
in
(N
jj
J
41
JJ
§ S
•x O
u y
-H 3
Ifl -H
U U
CB °
£ ^
i
__^
3
jj
0
^w i
0)
TJ
3
W
"O
V
JJ
'Q
>
•H
JJ
y
a
8
c
0
*O 0
11 "4.
01 4J
^J ^J
-------
5
p
u
e
M
AJ
C
3-
(Q Q
3J ^^
£ tn
CJ
— i ••*
ITJ 4J
U ITJ
a
0 ***
"o <
c
•• 0
Ul --t
01 TJ
CJ U
0 ••«
a. -I
C V)
o 10
••4 <-l
4J U
ITJ
Li — 1
C U
0) -H
j e
C 41
0 ^
0 U
H-l
4)
X
tf>
^
flj
5
TJ
*T
*4
O
CO
*"*
3
Cn
41
as
>J C
TJ 0)
3 3 •
JJ ~l Ll
w *c 5
Uri M CJ
° TJ
C 41
0 *J 4)
•H to a,
4J ITJ >«
a x e*
o >»u
Is s
CO fr*
jQ
""
s If is 3 s ;s s 3 ;s 5 ; _
*
0
•H
4j
CJ
3
TJ
4)
Ll
<*
0
s
o
B <*
a o
$£
7^
3 o
52
^
Ch
01
TJ
•C
41
TJ
-H
ITJ
0
Q
W
CJ
1 ^
a (*i
*"*
]-*•». .' ' T
; *j vi
T3 i TJ ijj
2
w
01
•a
>^
X]
TJ •
Treate
lagoon
•
§
^j
CJ
TJ
01
W
o
o
i
o
M
Cu
01
TJ
JT
1)
TJ
2
0
4J
0
Li
U
u
TJ 0
1
01 Ui
.2 -
S 0>
> -6
-i 3
0) —
u CA
Comple
vated
•
0
Jj
u
3
TJ
01
W
o#
0
O
1
m
M
i.
0>
TJ
r^
01
TJ
TJ
C
0
o
^
u
i T i in
a ^| a <->
c
0
^ -4
roplete
nsumpt
0 0
CJ U
1
o
••*
3
4)
C
i
i
"o
o
w U
> i
CJ J
1 ,0
a <*i
i r«
£M ^^
f
(— ^
y)
TJ
01 •
Activa
proces
c
o
e -u
O fl
TJ
^J fl
41 U
(0 O>
0
i' ! * i
01
I
VI
TJ
41
oj in
Activa
proces:
..
a
8
a e
0 0
•H
TJ 4J
4) ITJ
M TJ
XI Ll •
C 4) .C
0 TJ
•*NI Q |^
4J' •-< \
CJ J3 Q
4^-8
41 o
W 7>
41 g
a* 4J
v£ ITJ O
a
3
4)
C
O
c
ITJ
X
0)
Si
0
u
^,
US O
I 03
41
CP
TJ
3
UJ
TJ
41 •
4J V)
Activa
proces
c
o
••4
C *•>
0 fl
TJ
TJ
Oi U i/l
0.
3
01
C
0
c
ITJ
4J
c
01
0,
0
— 1
o
>,
CJ
t CT> 1 I O
a <-i d tr
1 ^
' ™
c
0
•-I
e jj
0 fl
^
TJ IT]
S £
|Q 0)
*1 W
C -H J=
O XI
• •H CJ1
jJ u-i X.
O 0 Q
TJ 41 0
41 -u
^ (Q ^H
w a
o«« Q •
in o <*>
O -M
0,
3
41
C
41
*^
>» —4
JS O
4) >i
• •4 ^^
Q U
1 -H
03 TT
1
1
'A
^
r-
5
(^t £
\ €
a 5
M 0
01 I*
01 0
CO -4
>0
u
41
4J
0)
TJ
4J
1
(N
^^
1
O
— 1
M
CJ
Cb
1
3
j3
fll
•H
jjj
4J
••H
Q
i a
^^ c«
* rt3
(N iJ
1 (N
Si rr
^3
,*-*p-^^( -^ ,T— i -^ j r-i ^-i r-f
E-32.
-------
•o
0>
c
o
o
w
_-^
M
^^
u
c
fl 0)
4) "—
kj
e< «
y
r-l "4
fl 4J
O <0
•H J=
cr a,
0 •*
>-i *+
0 <
•M
a
.. o
CO -H
U 4J
4) 1
*n
3
*>
M
^4
0
ca
4J
1
0)
a.
u
H c
•3 41
3 3 •
4J *H k|
CO H CJ
° t3
e a>
O 4J tt)
•H en a,
*J 10 >
a x t<
••<
o >.y
10 -O 41
i) 3 a
a 4J >,
OT H
jQ
^H
iff
"*)
y
(U
(U
JS
* .
0
5\
o
.-^
>,
u
o
*J
!a
•>4
£
•H
>
^
4J
x;
a«
•H
»H
C/}
!
o
o
r«
-^
3
O
*—«
0
.4J
•«
a
^•^
3
a 1
« H
i *
•i I
i
^N.
o
1
1
I
kl
41
4J
VM
XI
•3 •
oi e
(Treat
layoo
•
c
0
•*4
jj
y
s
•o
V
u
of
0
O
^-1
1
o
•u
u
1 ^
2 '
i
i
—
!'•- •
^j v)
y vi
03 01
y
•3 o
01 -
x a
•H
S 41
J1
>. -3
-I 3
01 -i
-J V)
01
-J "3
a, o)
e -u
0 fl
CJ >
•
0
Jj
y
3
TJ
0)
u
9*
O
0
^•1
1
in
(Ji
M
JH
01
Jj
fl
4J
OJ
y
««
>
4J
U
i "3
i »
»«^
i
lo
ju-l
1
4)
3-
•3
^^
V)
•o
41 •
Jj V)
fl VI
> 4)
•H y
*j 0
y u
< a.
.
0
.j
y
3
•o
0)
kl
0*
o
o
rH
1
in
a>
•n i'ri
m J2 4J
0 ^ **
* iT
— o
a ^ o
O "w fN O
a 0 ^r ^
M
Cb
0)
iJ
Itl
«J
01
y
»•*
>.
^
u
i ^ i
i *
ht f
•o
lin
CJ
31
•3
3
^^
V)
13
a
•U V)
fl M
> 41
••* CJ
4J 0
^s,
*
0
•*^
iJ
u
T3
4)
ki
*
0
o
1
in
ffi
'O S.V1
19 2 a
0 ^ *-
-1 x^
5 o
§ o
,
kl
y- • -'
<
p-^
>.
4J
U
1 =
3 "*
,
!o
iO
i
, y
•^
XI
0
k,
01
u
>l
XI
•3
o; c
4J 0
fl 0
4» (T
ki IQ
H -I
,
§
•^
4J
U
3
•3
4)
U
0*
8
i
0
0>
»-•
Cb
01
4J
<0
<-^
>.
kl
y
—<
X
tj
M
1 ^
2 *
1
1 — '
1
~^ -~
•J -1
•3 i)
:T3 0
, 0) ki
X i
••*
s oi
&
>• 'O
-* 3
0) — •
-/ V)
01
~t 73
a. 4)
S 4J
0 <0
o >
•
0
•^
*J
y
3
"3
u
df
O
O
*^
I
in
&
<->
Cb
0)
4J
10
rH
>.
kl
y
«*
>
.u
u
, 0
2^
3
5)
3>
"3
3
•H
M
fl
0)
JJ V)
10 U)
> V
3 8
y n
•c a,
<—
0
c -u
0 ifl
•u
<3 rg
4) ki
W cj»
rg 4)
*S u
^ . t*f
0 2 ^
•H tT
-J *M >N
y o a
•3 4» u
4) *J
W 10 c<
W £
ao - r-
• Q •
O O -"
• u
_ >1
-J —1
u o
1 ~*
a * ,
**
o
.1
1)
^1
•3
^H
i/)
"3
U
4-> (/)
<0 il
> u
--. y
4J 0
y u
< a
.
0
• •^
_J
y
•o
4)
h
«*
0
O
*-«
i
in
en
^ S^*1
* * *j
o 5 «-
-i >
— o
Q "-1 0
O **
X
01
-: u
« -j
>. fl
jz ^^
^j >.
U *4
i y
fN .13
i ^
S """
**4
_
—
-J
• •4
j
3
u
4)
fl
>,
•3
V -
*J 0
ffl C
4) CT>
L, rg
6" -"
0
•W
^J
y
3
"0
01 '
ki
of
O
o
-H
1
o
<3\
PH
Cb
1
i-4
>
X
01
-= u
~l ~>
>. 13
f >.
ii w
| M
i w
rsj -g
-^
a *
-
Jj
«
-------
I
0
u
u
••*
M
.U
eatmen
(B)
logical Tr
liphatics
0 <
03
C
cess:
catio
0 -H
W UJ
CU •-.
CO
c oi
0 *0
•«* I-H
<0
U — I
c u
u s
C 01
O .C
CJ CJ
VM
tn
01
8
^
TJ
CO
0
Results
:N e
TJ 41
3 3 •
U -H U
<*£ *
(M M CJ
0 TJ
C 4)
0 JJ 01
•l
a 26 6-
•H
o >»o
tfl *O tt
rt| 3 U4
a *j >»
w H
J3
^
c
^* -
4J
ction.
3
TJ
0)
0
O
1
in
en
M
fc
1
P^
>,
X
01
-C 01
>t fl3
^ ^
*J ^
U h
1 O
O4 « O
TJ 0 >*•.
N if
— • co in
X *H
0 TT
>i V)
3 JS V
O JJ
^-1
2 ^
' -JM
1
?
— <
3
TJ
3
^ *•
a o
<-> TJ
•H
O X
Z 0
u
4)
JJ
fl •
TJ 0
U fl
4) TJ
X •-<
U X
a °
o ^
ss ^
o
1
1
.
en
•=
^§
04
C
T3
4)
Ul
3
04
O
Uri
O
1"
CO
04
i.
a,
o
04
j
0)
c
• H
^4
01
u
^
o
o
2S
c
1
Ul
01
*
xerted
a
>u in
0 s-
af
CO