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-------
This report has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of commercial
products constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government.

-------
       FOREIGN NOISE RESEARCH




                 IN




MACHINERY AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
            December  1977
  Office of Noise Abatement and Control




   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency




       Washington, D. C. 20460

-------

-------
                               PREFACE



Method of Data Collection

          The information was collected by means of inquiries to foreign

noise contacts, both individuals and organizations.  The contacts were queried

about their research activities and the names of other individuals or organizations

that they were aware of who might be involved in pertinent noise research.

These referrals were then contacted to ascertain their research efforts.  In

addition, inquiries were made at the Ninth International Congress on

Acoustics, July 1977, in Madrid, Spain.  In total, approximately 1300

requests were made.   The foreign researchers  were asked to respond with

information on their noise abatement research projects that have been

completed since January 1976, are in progress, or are planned.  They were

asked to respond with information about research projects that deal with:

     o    Aviation noise source control technology

     o    Surface transportation noise source control technology

     o    Machinery and construction equipment noise source
          control technology

     o    Measurement methodology

     o    Systems research for noise abatement

The latter two categories include projects not specifically classifiable

under aviation, surface transportation, or machinery and construction

equipment.  "Systems research" includes path modification projects such as

noise barriers and operational techniques such as modification of traffic

flows.

-------
From these contacts,  316 Machinery/Construction Equipment Noise Research

Projects were identified,



Handling of Data

          To retain reporting accuracy, where possible, the original responses

were included in the report.  In the case of foreign language reports, or data

not in our format, the information was translated and/or transcribed to a

unified format and is identified as having been so treated.  Some researchers

described their projects to us in a very limited fashion.  Therefore, these

projects, when listed in this report, show very fragmentary data elements.  We

did not try to augment these responses, but simply transcribed them verbatim

in an abbreviated format at the end of each topical section.



          Any funding data that was not reported in U. S. dollars has been

converted and the reports show both the reported foreign currency figures

in parentheses and the converted U. S. dollars figures.  Below Is the table

of exchange rates used:



          Exchange Rates as of Tuesday, June 21, 1977
          (Source:  The Wall Street Journal)

          Argentina-Peso                  =  0.00281 US Dollar

          Australia-Dollar                =  1.1100 US Dollar

          Belgium-Franc                   =  0.027715 US Dollar

          Canada-Dollar                   =•  0.9428 US Dollar

          Denmark-Krone                   =  0.1649 US Dollar

-------
          Finland-Markha

          France-Franc

          Japan-Yen

          Netherlands-Franc

          Northern Ireland-Pound

          Norway-Krone

          Poland-Zloty

          Portugal-Escudo

          Scotland-Pound

          Sweden-Krona

          Switzerland-Franc

          United Kingdom-Pound

          West Germany-Mark
=  0.2450 US Dollar

=  0.2024 US Dollar

=  0.003671 US Dollar

=  0.2024 US Dollar

=  1.7196 US Dollar

»  0.1884 US Dollar

=<  0.0502 US Dollar

=  0.02590 US Dollar

=  1.7196 US Dollar

=  0.2253 US Dollar

=  0.3997 US Dollar

=  1.7196 US Dollar

=  0.4240 US Dollar
Completeness and Accuracy of Information

          Countries  or  International Organizations Where Researchers Were Contacted
          Argentina
          Australia
          Austria
          Belguim
          Bulgaria
          Canada
          Czechoslovakia
          Denmark
          Finland
          France
          East  Germany
          West  Germany
          Greece
          Hungary
          International Civil Aviation
            Organization
          Ireland
          International Standards
            Organization
          Israel
          Italy
          Japan
                                   iii
 Luxembourg
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Norway
 Organization for Economic Cooperation
   and Development
 Poland
 Portugal
 Rumania
 South Africa
 Spain
 Sweden
 Switzerland
 United Kingdom
 United Nations
 Yugoslovia
 Union of  Soviet Socialist
   Republics

-------
          In some of these countries we did not receive large numbers of
responses.  This does not prove conclusively that little or no research
is being carried out in these countries.  In some cases, we probably never
identified the proper contacts.  However, it is more likely that a low
response rate is an indication that in these areas research is not widespread,
with one exception—the USSR, where it is certain that research is being
conducted but little response was  forthcoming to our inquiries.
          While it is impossible to be sure of the accuracy of the reported
data, it is likely to be accurate because the data was mostly provided by
the researchers themselves, not second or third hand.  There is a wide
variation in the amount of information reported per project.  This probably
reflects the varying amounts of time that researchers had available to
respond to our inquiries.
          The dollar figures given for the research efforts should not be
taken too literally because  they paint an oversimplifed picture.  The
buying power of a fixed amount of dollars can vary from country to country
due to flucutating foreign exchange rates.  There are also differences
between countries in calculating costs of a project, for example, inclusion
of overhead rates.  The most important factor when considering the funding
data is that it is available for only a fraction of the reported projects.
This overshadows any other qualifying factors.  It is felt that because
of these factors, the total  funding figures underestimate the total committed
resources, but to an unknown degree.
                                  IV

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                       TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                Page

Preface                                                          i

Acknowledgements                                                 viii

Introduction                                                     1

Discussion of Foreign Research

     Magnitude of Research Effort                                3

     Analysis of Research                                        6

Funding Charts

     Summary Machinery/Construction Equipment Noise
     R&D Funding, 1976-1977                                    19

     Construction and Mining Equipment Noise R&D Funding,
     1976-1977                                                 20

     Manufacturing Equipment Noise R&D Funding, 1976-1977      21

     Consumer Products Noise R&D Funding, 1976-1977            22

     Engine Technology and Machine Parts Noise R&D Funding,
     1976-1977                                                 23

     Agricultural Machinery Noise R&D Funding, 1976-1977       23

     Acoustic Properties R&D Funding, 1976-1977                 24

Construction and Mining Equipment Research Projects

     Earthmovers and Related Equipment                          25

     Compressors                                                31

     Specialized Mining Equipment                               41

     General Construction Equipment                             45

     Breakers and Drills                                        59

-------
                                                            Page
Manufacturing Equipment Research Projects
   Woodworking Machinery                                      67
   Textile Machinery                                          83
   Metal Working Machinery                                    89
   Other Industrial Equipment                                127
Engine Technology and Machine Parts Research Projects        203
Consumer Products Research Projects
   Tools                                                     207
   Appliances                                                215
   Toys                                                      229
   General                                                   233
Agricultural Machinery Research Projects                     239
Acoustic Properties Research Projects
   Building Acoustics                                        243
   Impact and Vibration                                      259
   Physical Acoustics                                        273
   Measurement and Methodology                               285
Country Index of Research Projects                           313

-------
                       ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS







   The principal compiler of this report, Robert English, of




Informatics Inc, wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Pat Dufour,




Miriam Heilman and Carl Modlg of Informatics; Harvey Nozick, Roger




Heymann and Thomas Quindry of the Office of Noise Abatement and




Control; and the hundreds of noise abatement researchers abroad




who shared information about their projects.  We are especially




indebted to Harvey Nozick for the contributions his painstaking




review made to the final quality of this report.
                                 vn

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-------
                         INTRODUCTION
Purpose of the Report






          This is one of three reports which summarize foreign




noise abatement research efforts, based on an appraisal carried




out by Informatics Inc for the U. S. Environmental Protection




Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, as part of




their noise research coordination efforts.  The United States




Environmental Protection Agency has reconstituted interagency




noise research panels covering three areas:  aviation, surface




transportation, and machinery and construction equipment.  The




purpose of the panels is to assemble a total picture of U. S.




Federally-sponsored noise abatement research recently com-




pleted, in progress, or planned, and provide recommendations for




additional research which should be performed to meet the goals




embodied in the national noise abatement strategy.  The three




panel reports are scheduled for release in early 1978.





          The three reports on research abroad are to supple-




ment the information provided in the panel reports by providing




a broad overview of the international research effort underway




in noise abatement and control.

-------
Categorization




     For this report, Machinery/Construction Equipment Noise Abatement:




Technology Research, the projects were categorized as follows:




     Construction and Mining Equipment Noise




          Earthmovers and Related Equipment




          Compressors




          Specialized Mining Equipment




          General Construction Equipment




          Breakers and Drills




     Manufacturing Equipment Noise




          Woodworking Machinery




          Textile Machinery




          Metal Working Machinery




          Other Industrial Equipment




     Engine Technology and Machine Parts Noise




     Consumer Products Noise




          Tools




          Appliances




          Toys




          General




     Agricultural Machinery Noise




     Acoustic Properties




          Building Acoustics




          Impact and Vibration




          Physical Acoustics




          Measurement and Methodology

-------
                     DISCUSSION OF FOREIGN RESEARCH
                      MAGNITUDE OF RESEARCH EFFORT



Reported Research by Country

          The following number of projects were reported by country:

               West Germany          94
               United Kingdom        64
               Sweden                32
               Netherlands           30
               France                20
               Australia             14
               USSR                  14
               Norway                 9
               Japan                  8
               Canada                 7
               East Germany           6
               Denmark                4
               Switzerland            3
               Poland                 3
               Argentina              2
               Finland                2
               New Zealand            2
               Italy                  1
               Scotland               1
               Czechoslovakia         1

Sponsorship of Research

          In almost all countries, the majority of the research reported is

government sponsored.  In the Socialist countries such as East Germany and

the USSR the government sponsorship rate is 100%.  Australia, Denmark, Japan,

the United Kingdom, and West Germany show levels of private sponsorship that

are possibly significant.

-------
 Types* of Research by Country

Argentina
Australia
Canada
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
East Germany
Finland
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
USSR
West Germany
TOTALS
***
T3
01
•H
iH
(X
£
















2


2
Fundamental
2
5
1






1



1
3
2
11

2
28
Development

5
2

1

1


2
1
1
4
1
12

15


45
Demonstration

3
1

2




5


4

1

8

1
25
Measurement &
Methodology

4
2

1

1

1

2
1

1
2
2
6

1
23
Unclassified

4
4
1
2
6

20
1
1
28

5
2
16
1
40
14
95
240












363**
 * As self-reported by investigators  who  had  the opportunity to  classify their
   projects using one or  more of  the  categories  listed  in  the table.

 **The table sums to more than the  total  number  of  projects  because  some projects
   were classified as more than one type.
***The title of this category was a new one volunteered as a write-in by one researcher.

-------
         The type of research was self-identified for less than half of




the reported research.  Even though there is only partial reporting in




this area, there seem  to be more developmental projects than any of




the other types, which all appear to fall at about the same level of




effort.  The United Kingdom, Norway, Japan, and Australia appear to be




doing most of the demonstration work.  Each of these countries has three




or more projects that are at least partially demonstration in nature,





Funding Information




         Funding tables are provided on pages 19-24.   They show funding




by country for each major category for the period 1976-1977 and funding




by country for each sub-category for the same period.

-------
                        ANALYSIS OF  RESEARCH









CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT




Earthmovers and Related Equipment




     Only a few projects have been reported on earthmovers and related




equipment.  Of note is a study in Japan in which a hydraulic power shovel




was quieted from 70 dBA  to 55 dBA at 30m distance.  In West Germany, The




Institute for Construction Machinery did a project on low-noise excavation




techniques for urban application.   There are also two studies on forest




vehicles reported from West Germany, and a Polish study which includes




quieting of earthmovers.









Compressors




     The reported research is spread across Japan, United Kingdom,




West Germany, Australia and The USSR.  The studies relate to the use of




silencers, resilient mountings and screening for noise and vibration.




     Most of the work being done in this area is development   and




demonstration work.  Kobe Steel, Japan has acoustically treated a




compressor reducing noise level from  78 dBA to 62 dBA, at an additional




cost of 50 to 100 dollars.  In Australia, Comp Air, Ltd., is now




marketing a line of mobile air compressors silenced from 75 dBA to 70 dBA.




In the United Kingdom, Compair Industrial, Ltd., is developing an




enclosed and acoustically treated plant to give an average sound pressure




level of 70 dBA. in West Germany silo compressors and axial-flow




compressors are being studied.

-------
Specialized Mining Equipment




     Three studies are reported from Sweden, The United Kingdom,




and West Germany.  Equipment studied included rotary rock drills.




Methods of silencing included machine design, the application of rubber




to noise generating surfaces, and insulation and isolation.









General Construction Equipment




     The reported projects deal with noise abatement at general




construction sites, in the concrete industry and track laying sites.




Pile drivers are being studied in Japan, The Netherlands, West




Germany, and The United Kingdom,  According to a Japanese report




there was a 30 dBA reduction achieved by usine a cover on a pile




driver.  In the United Kingdom, The Building Research Establishment is




working on a quiet pile driver, nibbler, and dumper.  The Institute




of Sound and Vibration is studying propagation of noise from'pile





drivers.  There are two projects from Denmark on the concrete industry,




and a German study on rail ballasts.  In the USSR, a universal plant




for molding concrete into various products was constructed with noise




levels of 93 to 96 dBA.  There are also a number of studies on construc-




tion site noise prediction and measurement and the collection and




assessment of data for regulatory purposes.









Breakers and Drills




     Jack hammers and drills are some of the worst noise offenders and




are difficult to quiet.

-------
     Projects specifically concerned with the development of low-




noise hammers and drills are reported from Australia, France, The




USSR, and West Germany.  In France, the INRS has shown that a noise




level of 96 dBA can be obtained with acoustical treatment, and they




have plans to develop a quiet hammer in conjunction with a




manufacturer.




MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT




Woodworking Machinery




     These studies relate to the lumber industry and wood products




Industries.  Studies include the quieting of band saws and circular




saws, planers, nailers and molding machines.  There are a considerable




number of projects going on in this area.  Many deal with noise reduction




of circular saws, which appear to be the most offensive noise source.




By treating the blades and modifying operating procedures of saws, i.e.,




reducing speed while idling, it has been shown that considerable reduction




of noise can be obtained.  Gomex Verktyg AB,Sweden, has developed and




is marketing a sound dampened saw which is 5 to 10 dBA ouieter than




conventional saws.  They have also developed a helical blade for planers.




Australia, Sweden, The United Kingdom, West Germany and France have




reported projects in the woodworking area.









Textile Machinery




     In Sweden, a joint effort was undertaken in 1976 in the textile




industry to develop new machinery and to improve existing ones in




relation to their noise production.  Other research includes noise




abatement in spinning mills by application of damping materials in West

-------
Germany and experimental and field development of noise abatement




techniques for the knitting industry in the United Kingdom.









Metal Working Noise




     More studies are reported in this area than either textile or




woodworking machinery.  The impact noise caused by metal working




operations is of particular concern.  Many studies deal with source




reduction for different machines, such as presses.  Others are concerned




with identification of noise sources, and abatement measures in




various factory settings.  There are also several studies testing noise




levels of existing machinery with the aim of making this information




available to buyers.  The equipment studied included presses, lathes,




grinders, drills, pneumatic tools, sheet metal tools,  steel furnaces,




drop hammers and welding,equipment.   Also studied were planers,




rolling machines, finishing shops, metal packing case manufacturing




processes, and cutting torches.  An interesting project was reported




from Sweden in which sheet metal straightening was converted to an




hydraulic operation at low cost, eliminating impact noise.  Studies




were reported from Scotland, Sweden, The United Kingdom, West Germany,




Norway, France and Poland.  Sweden and West Germany reported the greatest




number of projects.









Other Industrial Equipment




     This is a mixed bag of research projects with no trend predominating.

-------
     A major area of research effort is the reduction of noise in ducts.




An Australian project has developed an experimental attenuator that has




provided a 10 dBA reduction at a 90 degree bend in a duct system.  The




Institute of Sound and Vibration Research in the United Kingdom is




conducting several projects including those concerned with wall vibrations




in ducts, noise from centrifugal fans in ducts, and the use of splitter




silencers and Helmholtz resonators as liners in ducts.









     A project in Finland assessed the noise levels of paper machines.




They found that the future Finnish 90 dBA limit could be met by existing




or expected technology in all areas of the machines except the suction




rollers.  Noise reduction in concrete products production machines




such as those for concrete pipe and blocks is an area of research in




Denmark, Sweden, and France.  Research efforts in Norway and the United




Kingdom are attempting to evaluate acoustical treatment material for use




in sterile industries (food, drink, and pharmaceutical).  Other




investigators in the United Kingdom are trying to develop polymer based




flat or shaped noise control covers made from low cost bulk-usage




materials.  Several countries, including the United Kingdom, Netherlands,




and Poland, are trying to set up noise zones around industrial areas.




A West German research effort is attempting to develop hyperplastic




noise damping materials for use in tight machine casings.  France has




a very basic effort underway to ascertain their industrial noise problem.




They intend to survey the existing and future soundproofing methods,




the gains possible, and the costs involved.  The USSR is trying to
                                   10

-------
measure exhaust noise from pneumatic rotary engines and is working on




the development of basic standards and guidelines for industrial noise




abatement.  West German researchers are trying to determine the noise




levels of low polluting (by added steam) high rise torches in refining.




Projects from West Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom involve




acoustical treatment of the industrial facilities rather than the machine




themselves.  They consider the use of noise screens, suspended absorption




material, and the study of the acoustic field in plants and structures.










ENGINE TECHNOLOGY AND MACHINE PARTS




Combustion




     The two research projects in this category are both from West




Germany.  They deal with noise abatement of engines by such methods




as exhaust damping of chain saw motors and by applying material to




the walls and covers of engines to isolate them from inner power trans-




mitting parts.









CONSUMER PRODUCTS
Tools




     Only a few projects, mostly on lawnmowers, have been reported under




this category.  (Other studies on tools such as mechanics tools and saws




may be found under metalworking and woodworking noise).   In Australia




there is a study being done on noise characteristics of small 2-stroke




engines.  Piston slap was found to be the dominant source of mechanical




noise.  Another study is being done in Canada on muffler design for
                                   11

-------
small combustion engines used for lawnmowers and chain saws.   In




West Germany there are two studies, one on noise abatement in




lawnmowers and combination tools being done in conjunction with




regulation development and the other on portable chain saws in which




the aim is to reduce the noise level at the operator's ear to 90dBA,









Appliances




     This category covers projects dealing with noise from air




conditioners and other domestic appliances and office machines.




Projects have been reported from Australia, Canada,  The Netherlands,




New Zealand, West Germany and The United Kingdom.  In The Netherlands




there are several projects sponsored by The Public and Environmental




Hygiene Department concerning the development of a regulation




for domestic appliances.  A possible provision being investigated is




labeling of products.  This work is also tied to E.E.C. regulation




development.  A project has been reported from The United Kingdom




dealing with high speed motors on domestic appliances.  Studies on




air conditioners have been reported from Australia,  Canada and West




Germany.   In New Zealand, a survey is being done on office equipment




noise which will lead to specifications for a "Code of Physical Working




Conditions" for the New Zealand public service.










Toys




     Only one project was reported from The Netherlands on noise aspects




of model planes.
                                  12

-------
General Consumer Products




     All the reported projects are from The Netherlands.  They deal with




noise from acoustic warning devices, household appliances, gardening,




and hobby and recreation equipment.









AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY




     Two research projects dealing with tractors were identified in




the United Kingdom.  They first attempted to identify and reduce tractor




component noise sources.  A 43 horsepower tractor was treated and the




noise emissions were reduced  by 10 dBA to 88 dBA with no power loss.




The follow-on project intends to reduce the noise of machinery trailed




behind the tractor and to minimize the noise transmitted to nearby




buildings.









ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES




Building Acoustics




     Among the projects reported are studies on structure borne noise,




floor noise generation, acoustic ceiling and wall treatments and the




placement of machines inside factories to reduce noise transmission.




Several studies have been reported on acoustic insulation materials




for industrial plants,  including two from the USSR, a project from




West Germany to develop construction norms for sound and thermal




insulation, and another study in the United Kingdom testing the




acoustical effectiveness of thermal insulation.   Other research projects




were reported from Japan, the United Kingdom, East Germany, France, and




The Netherlands.
                                   13

-------
Impact and Vibration




     Among the projects reported are two studies from the USSR on




vibration isolation in machines, a study from Denmark on the measurement




and evaluation of impact noise, a study from Norway surveying and




evaluating methods to reduce vibration from industrial sites, and a




study from the United Kingdom on a model for determining the vibration




characteristics of a structure from measured frequency response data.




Ohter projects in this category came from Argentina, West Germany,




East Germany, and The Netherlands.









Physical Acoustics




     Research projects in this category were performed in West Germany,




East Germany, France, Sweden and the United Kingdom.  Projects dealt




with meteorological influences on propagation, radiation intensity of




machines (housings, mechanical impedance studies,  turbulence, damping




effects of air and water droplet mixtures, site characteristics and




noise by frictions.









Measurement and Methodology




     These studies deal with the development standardization of measurement




metholologies, instrumentation, and noise sampling in various industries.




Included are studies on measurement methodologies  for inside and outside




industrial complexes, studies measuring different  kinds of noise such as




impact and in fluctuating noise, and computerized  monitoring systems.






     There  is much work being  done  on  the  evaluation  and  standardization




of  measurement methodologies  for  industrial  sites,  and  a  growing




sophistication in these methodologies  to  account  for  varying factors.




Thirteen  countries have reported  studies  in  this  category.






                                  14

-------
     The greatest number of projects are reported from the Netherlands.




Many of these studies sponsored by the Public Health and Environmental




Hygiene department,  relate  to new noise nuisance legislation and zoning require-




ments .   ISO recommendations are being  assessed  and  adopted a fair number of




projects are also reported  from West Germany and the United Kingdom.




In France,  the INKS  is evaluating measurement methodologies for factory




noise and measuring  the noise levels of machines with the hope of working




towards a product labeling  regulation.  Sweden, Denmark, Finland and




Norway are  jointly sponsoring a project on noise sampling in the wood




and metal industries, and in Norway a data bank for industrial noise




sources is  being set up at  the University of Trondheim.  In Canada,




a technique for monitoring  blasts has been developed.  Other projects




are reported from Australia, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Japan and the USSR.






SUMMARY




      In total, 317 research projects were reported on machinery and construc-




tion equipment noise abatement.   Most of these projects fell within the category




of Manufacturing Equipment,  which covers noise abatement studies in a wide




range of industries.  This category included 178 projects and nearly 9 million




of the total 12 million dollars of reported funding.  Most of this research




was concentrated in Sweden,  the United Kingdom, and West Germany.  The distribu-




tion of projects within the Manufacturing Equipment category shows that metal-




working and woodworking operations are both areas in which a great amount of




work is being done.   A wide range of projects was also reported under the topic




Industrial Noise Other, essentially a miscellaneous grouping.  Included were




studies from many industrial settings—among which were pumping stations,  refin-




eries, paper plants, bottling and food processing operations, and shipyards, to




list a few;  and studies dealing with many different noise problems and treatments,




including fans, ducts,  furnaces,  hydrostatic components, impact machines,thfe design





of attenuators, enclosures,  damping material,  and industrial  site planning.
                                  15

-------
      In second place by number of projects is  Acoustic Properties  research.




This is a very broad category.  For details see the individual projects.




The category Construction and Mining Equipment has the third highest number




of projects and reported funding.  In comparison to Manufacturing Equipment,




far less work is going on in the construction and mining noise area.  Thirty-




four projects and 1,325 million dollars were reported in this area.  (Only




half the projects included funding data.)  Among the equipment studied were




piledrivers, rotary drills,  jackhammers, earthmovers and compressors.  The




greatest number of projects was reported from West Germany and the United




Kingdom.




      In fourth place is the Consumer Products category,  with 23  projects.





Air conditioners and other domestic appliances were considered.  Of note is




a series of projects from The Netherlands concerned with the regulation




of domestic appliances.




      The last place was shared by Agricultural Machinery, with two situdies




on tractor noise, and  Engine Technology and Machine Parts,  wit!» two projects.




The latter category is underestimated, however, because of numerous related




projects that were assigned to other categories.
                                  16

-------
FUNDING CHARTS
       17

-------
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CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT

EARTHMOVERS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT



       See Also Pages:

             52
             91
             73
            291
                 25

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                                                                Earthmovers and Related Equipment
                                                                Japan
 Project Title:
 The Quieting of the Hydraulic power Shovel.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
Kobe Steel, Ltd.
1-3-18 Wakinohama-cho Fukiai-ku
Kobe, Japan
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Toru Abe
 Toshimitsu Tanaka
 Start  Date:
July 1, 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	£e
   Actual     April
Type of Research Program:

     Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
 y   Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:  $20,000.

                                                COMMENTS:
Many earth moving machines driven by diesel engines are noisy.   So we have trouble obeying
the laws on noise when we operate them.
We researched and developed methods to silence the noises generated from a hydraulic power
shovel whose bucket capacity was 0.4 m .
This shovel's noise level was 70 dB(A) at 30m distance, before  quieting but it  was 55 dB(A),
after being fully silenced.  Before  and  after silencing the same engine was mounted.
We studied and determined, by measuring and calculating, the contribution of airborne noise
sources and solid-borne noise sources of  this shovel.   Then we  identified the noise sources.
Solid-borne noises were reduced by changing engine mount and using "Damplay", which was  damping
steel plate.
Cooling system, air intake system and exhaust system noises were quieted by silencers.   Exhaust
system was dual system mufflers.
By these improvements, we achieved the goal of 55 dB(A) at 30m  distance and 75  dB(A)  in  the
cab interior.  We have no apprehension of over heating.  We have no reports open  to the  public.
  Transcribed from the original.
                                                 27

-------
                                                         Earthmovers and Related Equipment

                                                         Poland	
Project Title:
               Noise and Vibration Abatement in Construction   Equipment
Performing Organization Name & Address:
  y  Instytut Mechanizacji Budownictwa
   (Institute of Mechanization in Building
    Industry)
  Racjonalizacji 6,  PL-02-673 Warszawa Poland
                                                      Sponsoring Organization  Name & Address:
                                                 Ministry for Building Industry  of  Poland
                                                 Wspolna 2,   PL-00-505 Warszawa  Poland
Principal Investigator(s) :
  Krzysztof  Szymanski D.Sc., Mech. Eng.
  Wlodzimierz  Rajchert D.Sc., Mech. Eng.
  Andrzej  Grzejszczyk M.Sc., Mech. Eng.
Start Date:
   1964
               Completion Date:
                   Estimated  Currently
                   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
  X  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	X  Measurement Methodology
                                                Year
                                                1976 (actual):
                                                1977 (budget):
                                                1978 (forecast):
               Funding:
                         Amount
                  (  ca 1  000  000  zl)  $50,200
                  (  ca 1  200  000  zl)  $60,240
                  (  ca 1  500  000  zl)  $75,300
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS :
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report (s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication. )
 A. GOALS:
 1. Defining of measuring methodology of noise
    and vibration of construction and earth-
    moving equipment.
 2. Noise and vibration measurements at the
    operators stand in all types  of equipment
    produced and used in Poland.                                                .
 3. Noise measurements in the surrounding  of  construction equipment and earthmoving machines
    produced and used in Poland .
 4. Introducing noise abatement techniques to  those machines whose noise and vibration levels
    are too high.
 5. Co-operation with ISO and Comecon  Standarizing Groups in preparing of Drafts and Standards
    in the area of noise and vibration of  construction equipment and earthmoving machines.
 B. REPORTS:
 1. Evaluation criteria of noise and vibration emmitted by  construction equipment and
    earthmoving machines (1967)
 2. ditto  (rev. 1972)
 3. ditto  (rev. 1977)
 4. Measurement method of noise in the area surrounding construction  equipment  (1975)
 5. Measurement methods of intra- and ultrasound emitted  by construction equipment
    and earthmoving machines (1975)
 Transcribed from the  original.
                                                    28

-------
                                                Earthmovers  and Related Equipment
                                                West Germany
Project Title:  Measurement of  Mechanical  Vibrations  in  Forestry  Vehicles and
               at  Work Sites of  the Lumbet  Industry.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Institute  for Labor  Studies
Reinbek, Vorwerksbusch 1
West Germany
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal  Investigator(s):
Start Date:
Jan.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual .pec..31,1978
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe  the
goals,  approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
                              Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                          Funding:
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                            Or Total Funding Amount:

                                            COMMENTS:
                  The  vibration-induced stress  on the driver of the  vehicle is

      to  be evaluated   along the  three axes  of  the machine.  Conclusions are

      to  be drawn regarding work  organization  and conceiving recommendations

      that  might be submitted  to  the vehicle industry  to  prevent  future

      health damage to  drivers.
       Translated  and transcribed from the  original.
                                             29

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CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT




        COMPRESSORS
              31

-------
                                                                        Compressors
                                                                        Japan	
Project Title:
Noise Suppression for package Type Air Compressor.
Performing  Organization Name & Address:
Kobe Steel,  Ltd.
1-3-18 Wakinohma-cho Fukiai-ku
Kobe, Japan
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
Principal  Investigator(s):
Toru Abe
Toshimiutsu Tanaka
 Start Date:
May 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  August 1976
   Actual     October 1976
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
 y   Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach,  expected or  actual results,
report(s)  generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
              Funding:
Year                    Amount
1976  (actual):          $5,000
1977  (budget):
1978  (forecast) :
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
Noise suppression of package type air compressors is often required because they are placed
in quiet plants in many cases.
The noise level was 78 dB(A) near the package compressor which was driven by a 40 Kw motor.
We started the experimental research to reduce the- noise level to 65 dB(A).
At first, we surveyed the transmission path of the'solid borne noise ana the noise levels
generated from each part of the package surface in order to comprehend how they contributed
to the measuring point. Referring to these results we designed the discharge silencer and
selected the resilient rubber on which to mount the compressor.  Next, in order to reduce
the airborne noise we designed the silencer which was attached to the suction port that
provided air for the compressor and motor cooling system.
As the result we achieved the noise level 62 dB(A),  lower  than the aimed level 65 dB(A). The
increase in cost will be within 50 to 100 dollars.
We have no reports open to the public.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  33

-------
i'rojcct Title:
                                                                          Compressors
                                                                          United Kingdom
               Development of Production Silenced  Oil Injected Screw  Air  Compressor Plant
,'erforming Organization Name & Address:
   COMPAIR INDUSTRIAL LIMITED
   P.O.  BOX 7,
   HIGH  WYCOMBE,
   BUCKINGHAMSHIRE HP13  5SF
   UNITED., .KINGDOM,
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                 COMPAIR INDUSTRIAL LIMITED
                                 P.O. BOX 7,
                                 HIGH WYCOMBE,
                                 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE HP13 BSF
                                 UNITED KINGDOM
 •rincipal Investigator(s):

   G.  L.  COLLIER
  art Date:

   DEC,  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated SEPT'' 1977
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
 x   Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               £r Total Funding  Amount:     (£1O,OOO) $17,196

                                               COMMENTS:
   The development of an enclosed and  acoustically  treated plant  to give  an  average  of
   sound pressure level  of 7O dBA when measured  according to the  CAGI-PNEUROP Test Code.

   Design approach was to distinguish  between  airborne  and structural generated
   noise.

   Airborne noise was treated by acoustic  infill with several designs evaluated  in an
   acoustic laboratory,  of the inlet and exhaust ducting.   Absorption  coefficients  were
   obtained for a range  of materials.

   Structure generated noise assessed  by the contribution of individual components.   Object
   of 7O dBA met.

   Internal CompAir report to be written.   Paper I.Mech.E., October, 1977.
                                                     34

-------
                                                                  Compressors
                                                                  West Germany
 Project  Title:

         Noise Reduction in Axial-Flow Compressors
  Performing  Organization Name & Address:
  Gutehoffnungshuette Iron Works  Sterkrade
  Oberhausen 11, Bahnhofstr  66
  West Germany
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                   Ministry for Labor, Health and Welfare
                                   Duesseldorf
 Principal  Investigator (s) :
     Arno Heinz
  Start Date:

Jaiu.1,  1972
Completion Date:
   Estimated Dec. 31. 1978
   Actual
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or  actual results,
 report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Type of  Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                 	(500^00.00-D,M,)~ -$212,000	
                                                 COMMENTS:
           Reduction of noise development through structural configuration of the machine -

   Screening off of noise generators by developing and integrating of suction - and compression

   sound dampers.  Screening off of the entire axial-flow compressor installation by using

   sound shells.
 Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                  35

-------
                                                                      Compressors
                                                                      Australia
Project  Title:
Application  of 'Sound  Power'  Testing  to Silenced Mobile Compressors;,
Performing  Organization Name  & Address:
COMPAIR [AUSTRALASIA  ] LIMITED
34-40 RICKETT3 ROAD,
MOUNT WAVERLEY   VICTORIA   3149
AUSTRALIA
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                  COMPAIR  [AUSTRALASIA] LIMITED.
                                  34-40 RICKETT3 ROAD,
                                  MOUTN WAVERLEY    VICTORIA   3149.
                                  AUSTRALIA
Principal  Investigator(s):

CHIEF ENGINEER
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                              Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                          Funding:
                              Year
                              1976 (actual):
                              1977 (budget):
                              1978 (forecast):
                                                                    Amount
                                             Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                             COMMENTS:
 In preparation for  any change in market requirements or Tender Specifications

 the CompAir [Australasia]  Limited  range of silenced mobile  compressors have
 neen noise tested  in accordance with ISO  Draft Standard 39B1.
                                                 36

-------
                                                                         Compressors
                                                                         Australia
Project Title:
  Development of  Silenced  Jiobile Air  Compressors.

Performing Organization Name & Address:
 COMPAIR [AUSTRALASIA] LIMITED,

 34_40  RICKETTS ROAD,
 MOUNT  WAVERLEY   VIC  3149
  AUSTRALIA
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name £  Address:
                                  COMPAIR  [AUSTRALASIA] LIMITED,

                                  34-40  RICKETTS  ROAD ,

                                 MOUNT WAVERLEY     VIC   3149
                                 AUSTRALIA
Principal Investigator(s):
CHIEF  ENBINEER
 Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
 A'   Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                         Funding:
                              Year
                              1976  (actual):
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):
                                                                   Amount
                                            Or Total Funding Amount:
                                            COMMENTS:
   CompAir  already is  successfully manufacturing and  marketing a full  range 01-
   mobile air  compressors between  SO c.f.m.  and 700 c.f.m.  silenced to 75 dBA or
   70 dBA [ISO 2151].

   Since these acoustic  levels  match current and forseeable  market and
   legislative requirements, existing and  proposed development  is aimed
   at ensuring units to  both degrees of silencing [a]  maintain good
   accessability for servicing,  [b] are fully covered  by automatic shut-
   down devices which  are considered more  necessary on silenced units  due
   to their being completely enclosed and  not subject  to frequent visual
   inspection  [c]  are provided  with external fuel, lubrication and coolant
   filling  facilities  to preclude  spillage within the  acoustic enclosure.
                                                 37

-------
                                                                   Compressors
                                                                   USSR
Project Title:
                 An Aggregate of  Sound  Suppressing Devices for High Power Centrifugal Compressors
                 at the Nevskiy Machine Building Plant
Performing Organization Name & Address:

All Union Central Scientific Research  Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                 All Union Central Council
                                 All Union Central Scientific  Research Institute
                                   of Industrial Hygiene
                                 Leningrad,  USSR
Principal Investigator (s) :
I. M. Vitrinsky
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected  or actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                               Funding:
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Tota.1.  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Noise suppressing facilities, such as vibration  absorbent and sound-proof linings, sound proof
engine casings, control zoom and operator's  cabin,  silencers, portable acoustic barriers, are
described briefly.  Most of these facilities were developed by the authors for use with
compressors and pumps produced by the Nevskiy Machine Building Plant.  They may be used also
for control of noise from machines produced  by other companies, including foreign companies.
Acoustic efficiencies of the facilities are  given in the 3 to 45 dB range, depending on the
type of facility and the distance from the machine.

The described facilities were shown to be in compliance with specifications of the hygienic and
sanitary standards.
 Translated and abstracted from the original Russian.
                                                   38

-------
                                                                       Compressors
                                                                       West  Germany
Project Title:
               Investigations for Reducing the Noise of Silo  Compressors.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Heinrich Gillet  KG
PostFach 100
An der Bundesstrasse 38
6732 Edenkoben, West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
Transcribed from the original.
                                                 39

-------
CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT




  SPECIALIZED MINING EQUIPMENT
                  41

-------
                                                                Specialized  Mining  Equipment
                                                                United Kingdom
Proicct Title:
 Control of Noise (of Machines  and Processes  in
                                the Vicinity of Coal Mining Operations).
Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
National Coal Board
Mining Research and Development Establishment
Stanhope Bretby
Ashby Road, Barton-on-Trent
TTn-il-grl
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

J. C. Leahy
N. J. Stainer
J. Clements
Start Date:
Nov. 1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated Nov.  1977
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
_____  Measurement Methodology
               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount: (._.  200,000)   $343,920

                                                COMMENTS:
To provide data for the design of quieter machines and recommendations for  treatment  of
existing machines and processes to reduce noise,  hazard,  and nuisance in the vicinity of
coal mines.

Methods:   i.  Use of recording and narrow band analysis  techniques to identify  principal
noise generating mechanisms.   ii.  Application of existing and novel noise reduction techniques
on an experimental scale in the laboratory and the field  to reduce noise at source  and identify
practical solutions.   iii.  Application of sound insulation or isolation techniques  where
direct treatment of sources is not practical.   Noise sources studied include:  percussive and
rotary rock drills, earth-moving vehicles, coal preparation plant, air compressors  and
ventilating fans.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  43

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                                             Specialized Mining Equipment
                                             Abbreviated Listings
 Sweden.  Noise Abatement in Mining.   Skega AB, 930 40 Ersmark,  Sweden.
 Type:  Development.   Prevention of noise generation by using rubber on
 surfaces where noise  is generated in Mines, Quarries and other  stone
 handling industries.

 West Germany.  Development of Low-Noise Technologies in Mining  and
 Construction;  Calculation of the Noise Dosage Distribution in  Plant
 Hangars.  Society for Space Exploration, Koeln 90, Postfach 906027,
 West Germany.  Sponsor:  Federal Minister for Research, and Technology.
 July 1, 1974 - Dec.  31, 1977.
West  Germany.   Improvement  of Methods  for Measuring  Noise  Emitted
by Mining Machines.   Westphalia  Mining  Center,  Institute of
Geophysics  and Study of Noise and Vibrations,  Hennerstrasse  45,
Post  Fach 2749,  4630 Bochum, West Germany.
                                      44

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CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT

 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION  EQUIPMENT


       See Also Pages:

              28
              44
              64
             138
             140
             217
             237
             291
              45

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                                                                 General Construction Equipment
                                                                 Denmark
 Project Title:
               Reduction of Noise in Concrete Industry
 Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
     ENVIROPLAN A/S
     Rustenborgvej 7
     DK-2800  Lyngby
     Denmark
                                     Sponsoring- Organization  Name &  Address:
                                        Teknologiradet
                                        Bredgrade 31
                                        DK-1260  K«Sbenhavn K.
                                        Denmark  .
 Principal Investigator(s) :

     Ulrik Danneskiold-Sams^e
     S^ren Damgaard Kristensen
 Start Date:
Aug. 1, 1977
Completion Date:Mar. 31, 1978
   Estimated	
   Actual
Type,of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
 X   Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
 Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
 goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
 report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:(130,OOOdkr)  $21,437
                                                 COMMENTS:
              Reduction of noise from a horizontal  concrete mixing machine  in
              order to demonstrate the state of art in noise  reduction  technology
              in the concrete industry.
           Transcribed  from the  original.
                                                     47

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                                                                   General Construction Equipment
                                                                   Denmark
Project Title:
Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
 F.  L.  Smidth & Co.  A/S
 Vigerslev Alle 77
 2500 Valby
 Denmark
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                      F.  L.  Smidth  &  Co. A/S
                                      Vigerslev Alle  77
                                      2500 Valby
                                      Denmark
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
  X  Development  (Component or System)
  X  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
  X  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                                Year
                                                                        Amount
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):   (yearly d.kr.  300,000)  $49,470
                                1978  (forecast):

                                Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
F. L. Smidth undertakes general  research on the noise field including thorough measuring of
noise levels of all types  of  cement making machinery as well as development of methods for
abatement and screening of noise etc.

We possess a considerable  amount of measuring equipment and have academically educated staff
to carry out the work.

Our expenses are as follows:
2 men, corresponding to Dan.kr.  200,000 per year + replacement of measuring equipment, travels,
relief staff, etc.   Dan.kr.  100,000 per year, in total abt. Dan.kr 300,000 per year.
 Transcribed  from  the original.
                                                  48

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                                                                 General Construction Equipment
                                                                 Japan
Project Ti !:!
-------
 Project Title:
                                                                 General Construction Equipment
                                                                 United Kingdom
                    Assessment  and
                    Propagation of
                                   Prediction  of  Noise  Frcni Construction Sites/
                                   Noise  From  Con3truction processes
 Performing Organization Name f< Address:
     Institute of Sound & Vibration Research
     The University of Southampton
     Southampton
     England
 Principal Investigator(s):
     Professor J.B.  Large
     Dr.  J.E.  Ludlow
     Mr.  H.S.  Gill
 Start  Datar
  1st Apri1
                Completion Kate:
                   Estimated  30 Apri 1
                   Actual
                                       78
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
 goals, approach,  expected or  actual  results,
 report (s)  generated  and  the date(s)  of
 publication. )
                                                     Sponsoring Organization Nane a Address:
                                                     Science Research Council
                                                     State Mouse
                                                     Hi gh Holborn
                                                     London WC1R *)TA
                                                     England
                                                Type of Research Program:

                                                	  Fundamental
                                                	  Development (Component or System)
                                                	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype,
                                                     Production)
                                                 X   Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                                Year
                                                1976 (actual):
                                                1977 (budget):
                                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or_ Total  Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
                                                                          ( £39,000)  $67,064
                                                               over four years
A programme of measurement of levels and
effects of noise from construction sites has
been carried out at I SVR since 1972.  The
first phase consisted of a noise and social                                                     ~
survey conducted around a road construction site in N.W. London . ( 1 ,2 ,3) •    This study
aemonsi rated the relationship between noi^e exposure, annoyance due to construction noise and
other attitudes.   In 197*1 support was received from the UK Science Research Council for a
study of the characteristics of construction noise exposure, to be supervised by Professor
J.B. Large.  Data gathered from noise sources on a range of civil  engineering sites were
analysed to yield information on typical levels, spectra and source characteristics,   IP
addition    propagation of construction noise in realistic situations  was studied to provide
the information on rates of attenuation necessary for accurate prediction of construction
noise exposure in realistic conditions such as in embankments  and  in  cuttings CO.  Particular
attention was fjiven to noise from impact pile drivers (5) since noise  from this source would
appear to niak
-------
                                                General Construction Equipment
                                                West  Germany
 Project Title:
                   Development  of Integrated Noise  Protection Sevices  on
                   Construction Machinery for T'rack Laying.
 Performing Organization Name  & Address:
Federal  RR's -  Central Office
Munich  2, Arnulfster .  19
West  Germany
     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal Investigator(s):

Dipl  Ing Klaus Riebold
 Start Date:
Jan.1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual  T)pr T,
                               .1977
 Project Summary:  (Briefly  describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
Type of  Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development (Component or System)
     Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
                                                         Funding:
Year
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                                                        OOODM)S132 ,712
                                            COMMENT^ -
                   In some machines, particularly  in  machinery  for the  processing

        of  rail ballast, the  noise levels  are higher than  in other track laying

        machines.   For these  noise-intensive machines,  integrated noise  protection

        devices are to be developed in  collaboration with  the  appropriate industry,

        tried out  in actual operation and  their effectiveness  is to be assessed.
       Translated  and transcribed from  the original,
                                              51

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                                 General Construction  Equipment
                                 Abbreviated Listings  With  Funding
West Germany.  Research and Development Trends  Toward  Low-Noise
Excavation Techniques for Urban Applications.   Institute  for
Construction Machinery, Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe,  Am
Fasanengarten West Germany.  Sponsor: Federal Ministry of the
Interior. Prof. Dr. Ing. Guenter Kuehn. July  1,  1975-Jun. 30,
1976. (540,000 DM) $22896. Reduction of noise by  professional
and non-professional installations by establishing  objective
emission limits that are graduated in time.

West Germany.  Development of Integrated Noise  Abatement  measures
for Pile Drivers - Investigation of Noise Emission  By  New Tjrpes
of Pile Drivers. Institute for Construction Machinery  and
Operations, Aachen, Templergraben 55, West Germany.  Dr.  Ing.
Hubert Frenking. Jan. 1, 1975- Dec. 31, 1976.  (75,000  DM) $31,800.
Reduction of the noise  in professional and non-professional
installations by creation of objective regulations  providing  for
time-graduated emission limits.

West Germany.  Improvement of Environmental  impact  of  machines,  in
particular of construction machines. Institute  for  Construction
Machinery, Karlsruhe, AM Fasanengarten, West  Germany    Sponsor:
Federal Ministry for the Interior. Sept. 1,  1974- Jun. 30,  1977.
(352,000 DM) $149,248. Measures against the noise by professional
and non-professional installations.  Reduction  of the  noise  by
establishing objective  emission limits that  are graduated in
time by legislative regulations.
                            52

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                                                           General Construction Equipment
                                                           Netherlands
Project Title:
       Noise Requirements for Industrial Equipment.
Performing Organization  Name  &  Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name  &  Address:
                                   Public Health and Environmental
                                   Hygiene Dept.
                                   Amsterdam,   Netherlands
Principal  Investigator(s):
 Start Date:

est
  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
"Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach,  expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
      In this study, data will be obtained that are required for  the  taking  of  executive decisions

on the basis of article 2 of the noise nuisance bill with  respect to  noise production by in-
dustrial equipment which is predominantly used outside of  buildings,  such as motor chain saws,

dredging tools and the like.  In conducting the study, use will be made of data obtained from
earlier studies and, if applicable,  data used abroad for establishing noise  requirements

and EG guidelines.  The study will concern types or categories of industrial equipment under
typical conditions of use, the pertinent noise levels, the measuring  methods used, and other

possible aspects  for  the establishment of specifications and the requirements imposed for
operating controls.
Translated and transcribed from the original  Dutch.
                                                53

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                                                         General Construction Equipment
                                                         Netherlands
Project Title:
               Noise Requirements on Construction Machinery.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
                                  Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                  And Sociale Zaken
                                  Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
 est
 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
      In the  framework of this study, the necessary data will be obtained for establishing

      executive  decisions on the basis of article 2 of the noise nuisance bill with regard
      to noise production by construction machinery.  In conducting the study, use will be
      made  of data  obtained in an earlier study, and if applicable, of data used abroad

      for establishing noise requirements and EG guidelines.  The study will pertain to
      a  type  or  category of construction machines under the typical conditions of use,
      the existing  noise levels, the measuring methods used, and other possible relevant
      aspects for the specifications being established, as well as for the requirements

      that  will  be  imposed on operating controls.
      Translated  and  transcribed  from  the original Dutch.
                                                  54

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                                                               General Construction Equipment

                                                               Switzerland
Project Title:
               Noise Measurement of Construction Machines
Performing Organization Name & Address:

The Gartenman Engineer A.G. Company
Laubeggstrasse 22
3006 Bern, Switzerland
                                     Sponsoring  Organization  Name  &  Address:

                                      Federal Office for Environmental  Protection
                                      3003 Bern,   Switzerland
Principal Investigator(s):

Herrn  H.P. Zeugin
Herrn  Iseli
Herrn  Dr. Rathe
Start Date:
    1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
              1976
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
The measuring of noise of a variety of construction machine types should render practical
measurement  test work, as regulated by the task group "Limitation of noise from construction
machines."
Translated and transcribed from the original German.
                                                   55

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                                                                      General Construction Equip.
                                                                      USSR
Project Title:
                 Universal Molding Plant  with  Improved Noise and Vibration Characteristics
Performing Organization Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific Presearch
  Institute of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                 All Union Central Council
                                 All Union Central Scientific  Research Institute
                                   of Industrial Hygiene
                                 Leningrad, USSR
Principal Investigator (s) :
Ya. A. Leydman        F. G.  Braude
I. I. Nabokin         0. A.  Osmakov
A. I. Mytsyk
Yu. A. Dzhaparidze
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Surrjnary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or  Total  Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
 A universal plant for molding concrete mix into various  concrete  products is described.
 The  plant was designed by the standard research office of  the Main Administration of Major
 Constructions of the Ministry of Transportation on the basis of research by the authors.
 The  plant was constructed and tested in production of  reinforced  concrete structures, such
 as staircase flights, panels and prestressed reinforced  concrete  sleepers.   The noise
 frequency spectra show that noise level from the described plant  was  by 1.6 to 1.75 factor
 lower  (93 to 96 dBA) than noise level from conventional  vibroplates produced in the USSR
 (100 to  104 dBA).  The plant compresses efficiently concrete mixes of various composition
 either in impact mode operation at 25 Hz frequency or  in vibration mode operation at 50 Hz
 frequency.
 Translated and abstracted  from the original Russian.
                                             56

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                                                 General Construction Equipment

                                                 Abbreviated Listings


United Kingdom.  Prediction and Monitoring of Noise Construction Sites.
Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
This project aims at collecting information about costs of noise control at
construction sites and other data needed to help in the enactment of the pro-
visions to control the noise of construction and demolition under the control
of Pollution Act.

United Kingdom.  Construction  Equipment:  Dumper and Nibbler.  Building
Research Establishment, Aylesbur, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.  Research
has already produced two quiet devices.  One is the quiet dumper with a noise
reduction of 10 dBA from engine compartment, and the other device is a nibbler
which breaks concrete quietly.  Work is also in progress to study the quieting
of pile driving.

West Germany.  Development of Emission Values in Construction Machines -
Elaboration of Scientific - Technical Principles for the Formulation  of
Regulations under the Federal Legislation on Emission Protection.  Institute
for Construction Machinery and Construction Operations, Aachen, Templergraben 55,
West Germany.  Dr. Ing. Hubert Frenking.  January 1, 1975 - December 31, 1977.
Measurements of che emission by construction machines with due regard for new
construction and machines with better emission characteristics.  Verification of
standard levels with regard to transferability into the "eg" - domain by the
use of an altered eg—uniform measurement technique.

West Germany.  Development of Means for Noise Reduction for Pile Drivers,
Hydraulic Drill, Radial Fan, and Transport Systems.  Rahrkohle, Essen c/o GRW in
DRVLR,Koeln, West Germany.  Sponsor:  Federal Ministry of Research and Development.
1974-1977.
                                     57

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CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT




      BREAKERS AND DRILLS




         See Also Page:




             167
               59

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                                                                  Breakers and Drills
                                                                  Australia   	
Project  Title:
                  Pneumatic Rock Drill Noise
Performing  Organization Name & Address:

Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Qld. 4067
Australia
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                Australian Mineral Industries Research Association
                                  Ltd.
                                P.O. Box  310
                                Carlton South,  Vic.  3053, Australia
Principal  Investigator(s):
Dr. R. J. Hooker
Start  Date:
1972
Completion Date:
   Estimated   -\
   Actual
                                Q77
Project  Sunanary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
 X   Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                               Funding:
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or  Total Funding Amount:  ($38,000)  $42,180

                                                 COMMENTS:
The goal is to produce  a  practical pneumatic rock drill which is substantially  quieter than
existing drills.   The approach  is to review the working cycle of the drill,  by  experiment
and simulation and hence  devise an inherently quiet operation.   In addition, a  re-designed
layout is proposed.

One publication has been  released:-

R. J.  Hooker,  R.  H.  Rumble & M. H. Andrews "Experimental study  of  noise  from a  pulsed jet",
Proc.  Noise Shock Vib.  Conf. Monash University, 1974.
                                                 61

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                                                                   Breakers and Drills
                                                                   France
Project Title:
                 Noise From Pneumatic Hammers
Performing Organization  Name & Address:
 INKS
 30, Rue Olivier Noyer
 75680 Paris Cedex 14
 France
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name  &  Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
M. T. Ho
H. Leblond
G. Andre
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                 Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
1.   REASONS FOR THE STUDY

     Environmental regulations set a limit of 100 dB(A)  (average of 5 points per 1 m) acoustic
pressure level emitted by stitcher hammers.  This  noise  level  is still to high, especially for
the worker operating the hammer.  It is thus of interest  to see to what extent it would be
possible to reduce further the noise emitted by stitcher  hammers.
 2.
     CONTENTS OF THE STUDY - METHODOLOGY
     It is important to note that the problem is  a difficult one,  for the limit of 100 dB(A)
already corresponds to certain tools that are acoustically  treated:  coverings, use of an
escape silencer.

     In a first stage, it is important to try to  identify the  different noise sources and to
evaluate their acoustic force in different types  of hammers.   Thus, it will be possible to
learn the limit of the residual levels towards which one should work in applying various sound-
proofing techniques.  If this limit is clearly lower than 100  dB(A), i.e. if the gains we might
expect are significant, then the INKS might consent to  a great effor t in the hopes of obtaining
an improvement.

3.   STATE OF PROGRESS

     The study of noise radiated by treated and untreated hammers  yielded emission levels between
98 dB(A) and 108 dB(A).

     The treated hammers have an escape silencer,  and their level  varies between 98 and 103 dB(A),
approximately.  Identification of the noise sources,  as well as evaluation of their acoustic
force, has been completed.

     This identification, performed on three conventional hammers  of average size, has shown
that a level of 96 dB(A) could be obtained by means of  various treatments.
                                                   62

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4.   PURSUIT OF THE STUDY

     The already completed identification of the noise sources will be complemented by a more
detailed study of the vibration modes and the acoustic radiation of the needles.

     All the results of this study and the study of the reduction of vibrations  transmitted by
pneumatic hammers make it posssible to envision the development of relatively silent and low-
vibration hammer.  The development of such a hammer will be undertaken in cooperation with a
French manufacturer.
                                                 63

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   Project Title:
                                                                         Breakers and  Drills
                                                                         United Kingdom
                     Evaluation and Improvement of Construction Plant
                     To  Encourage the Development of Quieter and More Efficient PlantA.
   Performing Organization Name & Address:
     Building Research Establishment
     Building Research Station
     Bucknalls Lane
     Garston, Watford
	Herts-WC? -7J5     United Kingdom
   Principal Investigator(s):
            Mr D E Sexton
   Start Date:
     1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  1977
   Actual
   Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
   goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
   report(s)  "enerated and the date(s) of
   publication.)
                                     Sponsot'lng Organization Name a Address:
Type of Research Program:

____  Fundamental
 x   Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                                Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                                  Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                  COMMENTS:
            Studies of quieter demolition equipment will be pursued including trials of
            an improved muffler for a hand-held concrete breaker and the next stage of
            development of a crane-mounted Nibbler for demolishing beams, floors and
            walls.  The development of an acoustic shield for reducing the noise of sheet
            pile driving with a pneumatic hammer will continue and the results of the
            quieter Dumper work will be exploited.
                                                     f-.li

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                                                                     Breakers and Drills
                                                                     USSR
Project Title:
                 Design of High-Efficiency Silencer  of  Noise  from Hand-Operated Compressed
                 Air Machines
Performing Organization Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific Research Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                All Union Central Council
                                All Union Central Scientific Research  Institute of
                                  Industrial Hygiene
                                Leningrad, USSR
Principal Investigator (s):
D. Kh. Slobodnik
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
Project Sunanary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual) :
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                               Funding:
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Acoustic efficiency of a noise silencer  for  hand-operated compressed air machine was formulated
as a function of structural characteristics  of  the  silencer.  The formulas are derived for
efficiency of a silencer with one or several apertures and a silencer with a capillary aperture
(0.01 to 0.04 cm.  wide slit).  The formulas  are to  be used for engineering -calculation of
silencers.  Experimental determination is  described of the ratio K of acoustic energy loss in
an aperture to energy emitted into environment.  A  table shows calculated and experimental
acoustic efficiencies in dB for slit silencers  with 1 to 4  x10   m. wide slits.  It is
concluded that the data calculated from  the  theoretical formulas are in good agreement with
the experimental data (maximum discrepancy is 2  dB).
Translated and abstracted from the  original Russian.
                                                   65

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                                                   Breakers  and  Drills
                                                   Abbreviated Listings

United Kingdom.   Pile Driving and Hand-Held Concrete  Breaker.  Building
Research Establishment,  Aylesbur, Buckinghamshire,  United  Kingdom.
                                     66

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MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT




 WOODWORKING MACHINERY







    See Also Page:




        287
          67

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                                                                      Woodworking Machinery
                                                                      Australia
"project  Titl^:
                  Noise Control for Circular and Band Saws
 Performing  Organization Name & Address:
  The University of Adelaide,
  Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
  G.P.O. Box  498,
  Adelaide. S.Aust. 5001.
 Principal  Investigator(s):
 Dr. D.A. Bies
 Dr. M. Zockel
 Mr. S. Page
 Start Date:
 March  '77
               Completion Date:
                  Estimated   '79
                  Actual
                                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                               Department of Labour  &  Industry,
                                               S.A.  Government,
                                               Adelaide.
Type of Research  Program:

_X_  Fundamental
_X_  Development  (Component  or  System)
 X   Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                                Year
                                                                        Amount
                                                1976 (actual):  This is part of work sponsored by
                                                1977 (budget):  Dept. of Labour & Industry grant
                                                1978 (forecast);for($50,000)per year for 1977,
                                                	L9Z.8,. 197.9..	
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)

   The aims  of  this  project  are:
 (a)  to identify and quantify  the noise
 sources e.g. blade,  workpiece  and windage.
 (b)  to evaluate techniques  already reported  in literature and internally generated ideas from
 the  point of view of cost effectiveness and  engineering practicality

 (c)  to summarise these results in a report from which industry can choose the most suitable
 noise control  technique for their situation.

 At present  only circular blades are being investigated with a view of damping the blade by
 either air  pads, viscoelastic  means or an alternative support for the blade from what is
 presently standard  practice.   It is intended  to measure the amplitude of vibration of the blade
 while cutting  using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter developed in the Department as well as various
 techniques  for mode  identification.  The Laser Doppler Velocimeter will also be used to obtain
 a better understanding of the  noise radiation mechanism from band saws.
 The  work on  the noise radiated from the workpiece will begin in July 1977 and this will of
 course have a  much  wider application than simply saw noise.

 Windage noise  is expected to be investigated in 1978.
 The  only results so  far have been with a 300 mm diam. rip saw using 0.25 mm slim steel discs
 attached to the blade with  adhesive.  A maximum noise reduction of 10 dBA was achieved.
                                                  69

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                                                                       Woodworking Machinery
                                                                       Sweden
 Project  Title:
                Noise  Reduction of Nailers
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

Ingemansson Acoustics
Box 93037
S-40014 Gothenburg,  Sweden
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                Nordisk Kartro
                                Box 99
                                S-12321 Farsta, Sweden
 Principal  Investigator (s) :

Hasse Moss
Hans Elvhamman
 Start  Date:
Jan. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Continuous
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
 x   Development  (Component  or  System)
___  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                               Funding:
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated  and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount: (Scr.  $70,000.)  $15,771.

                                                COMMENTS:
Noise from nailers reduced with respect to damage risk for hearing (peak level).   Different
kinds of nailers.   Continuously reported to the sponsoring organization.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  70

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                                                                     Woodworking Machinery
                                                                     United Kingdom
Project Title:
     Reduction of Noise from Circular Sawing  (Mainly Timber but applicable also to metal)
Performing Organisation  Name  &  Address:

     SOUND RESEARCH LABORATORIES LIMITED
     HOLBROOK HALL
     LITTLE WALDINCFIELD
     SUDBURY SUFFOLK C010 0151
Principal Investigator(s):


     T P C  BRAMER (MR)
Start Date:

JAN 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated .TAN 1978
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)

      The  project is to gather together
      previous and  present on-going research
      into circular sawing noise reduction.
      Main objective is a practical and
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     Department of Trade and Industry
                                     Abell House
                                     John Islip Street
                                     London _SVUPjiLH
                                	UlLJ-UI-iU—J^l.HKU^m	
                                Type of  Research Program
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                               Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                Or Total Funding  Amount:    (£35,OOOl$60186
                                COMMENTS:
      economical noise reduction by modifications
      to present techniques and machines rather
      than by radical changes.
      No publication yet.
                                             71

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                                                                 Woodworking Machinery
                                                                 United Kingdom
 Project  Title:    industrial Noise:   Investigation of Methods
                  Establishments.
                                             of Noise Control in Woodworking
-Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Production Engineering Research Association
 Melton
 Leicestershire LE13 OPB
 United Kingdom
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal  Investigator(s):

 K.  Healiss
 Start  Date:
 Jan.  1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated  March 1977
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
               Funding:
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total Funding  Amount:  (tlO.OOO - I 25,000)
                                                ~	$1
                                                COMMENTS:
 To investigate feasible methods of reducing the exposure to noise of personnel in woodworking
 environments, involving detailed studies and measurements in a number of woodworking companies.
 In addition,  the production processes are studied, in relation to plant layout,  production
 planning  and  the manning of machines.  Noise control measures will be determined in conjunction
 with machinery users and builders and the results of implementation of recommendations will
 be analysed.  The final report will include the results and recommendations and  an analysis
 of the  technical feasibility and costs of the various recommendations.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  72

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                                                Woodworking  Machinery
                                                West Germany
Project  Title:  Th_e  p-ropagation of  the hoise  Generated  by Forest  Vehicles and
operations of the  Lumber Industry in Certain Types of  stands or  Terrain Contours,
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Institute  for Labor  Studies of  the
Federal  Res. Inst.  for Forestry,
Lumber and  Economy
Reinbek, Vorwerkbusch 1
West Germany
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name &  Address:

                                  Foundation  of the Society for
                                  Labor Studies in Forestry
Principal Investigator(s):
Prof. Dr.  Gerhard Kaminsky
Start Date:
Jan.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual nP
                            31 .197«
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                             Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                        Funding:
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                           ^To tal JPundlngJbDOunt: j9Q^ QQ ODM)  $38,16_0

                                           COMMENTS:
                  Determination of  noise registers in installations  of  the

       lumber industry  and the environment of  lumber-processing enterprises.

       Identification of  the damaging areas. Proposal for  the reduction of noise

       impact.
       Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                             73

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                                                 Woodworking Machinery
                                                 West Germany
Project Title: Determination of  the Noise
              Lumber  Processing.
                           Emission by  Production  Liner for
 Performing Crg.miration Name  & Address:
Institute for Machine Tools and
Finishing Technique
Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19
West Germany
Principal Investigator(s):

Dr. Ingl.  Ernst  Salje
Start Date:
Oct.1,1975
Bip ' e t Ion Date :
 Estimated Oct.31,1977
 Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly  describe the
goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Sponsoring Organization  Name & Addret
                                 German Research Society
                                 Research Directorate  Machine
                                 Construction
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component  or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype.
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
                                         i''unding:
                            Year
                            1976 (actual):
                            1977 (budget):
                            1978 (forecast):
                                                                   Amount
                                            £r Total Funding Amount:  (200,OOODM)$84,800

                                            COMMENTS:
                      Determination of the state of  technology  in regard

           to noise emission  by production liner for  lumber processing.

           Classification of  individual  machines in the production line

           in respect to their noise generation.  Reduction of noise on

           those  machines.
            Translated and  transcribed  from the  original
                                           74

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                                                Woodworking Machinery
                                                West  Germany
Project Title:
                   Effect Levels on Noise Emission  in Hot and  Cold Saws and
                             for  Noise .Abatement.
Performing  Organization Name & Address:
Operations Research. Institute
Duesseldorf, Sohnstr,  65
West Germany
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                  Federal Minister for Research
                                  and Technology
Principal  Investigator(s):
Dipl  Ing.  Dirk Pannhausen
Start Date:
July  1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual  Dec.31.1977
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                              Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                           Funding:
                             Year
                             1976  (actual):
                             1977  (budget):
                             1978  (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                            Or  Total Funding Amount: (450,OOODM)  $190,800

                                            COMMENTS:
                  Aim  J,s to determine th.e  affect levels  on noise  generation  in

       hot  and cold  saws in order to deduce  constructive alteration proposals.

       In  selected  tests on one  saw the effect levels  are measured systematically,

       Genesis, propagation and  radiation are studied  on saws of  various

       constructions  and outputs.  The changes worked  out in laboratory tests

       are  then tried out in actual practice.
        Translated  and  transcribed from  the original.
                                             75

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                                                                   Woodworking Machinery
                                                                   Australia
Project Title:
                 Noise Measurement in the Timber Industry.
Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
Division of Building Research
CSIRO
P. 0. Box 56
Highett, Vic. 3190   Australia
Principal Investigator (s) :

W. A. Davern

E. P. Lhuede
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach,  expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name & Address:
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year_
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
1.  Sawmilling Noise Studies

(a)  A previous survey carried out in sawmills indicated that  the  levels  of  noise  in Australian
timber mills could lead to a loss of hearing of machine operators.   Further  detailed investiga-
tions are being conducted to establish more accurately the numbers of  workers  at risk,  and  the
degree of hazard associated with various items of sawmilling machinery.   For some  benches,  the
degree of hazard has been found to be substantially greater than formerly estimated.

(b)  Investigation of the noise generation process with wide band  saws and the larger diameter
circular saws are being investigated as these are a major noise source in Australian timber
mills.  The surface speed of band saws has been found to influence the noise generated when
the saw is not cutting; thus, one particular saw operating at  a speed  of  23  m/sec.  produced
a non-cutting noise level some 8 dB lower than normally encountered with  similar diameter
saws operating at 30-35 m/sec.
(c)  As a first step in improving the noise environment for sawmill operators, recommendations
relating to design of planer enclosures, operator screens and  booths,  and of exhaust silencers
have been published.

 2.  A survey was carried out in five particleboard mills as part  of a study of noise in Austra-
lian forest based industries.  The smaller diameter circular saws  which are  used widely for board
cutting in this industry and flaking machines were identified  as major noise sources.   The  numbers
of operators involved, however, is relatively small in relation to the timber  industry.  As par-
ticleboard plants are sometimes operated on a 3-shift basis, the problem  of  plant  noise and com-
munity annoyance has come into prominence.
Reports:
Noise in Particleboard Plants by E.P. Lhuede and W.A. Davern.

                             Division of Building Research Technical Paper
                             (Second Series) No. 16, 1977.
                             Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial  Research Organisation, Australia.
Noise Reduction for the Operator in Industry,  by W.A.  Davern and  E.P.  Lhuede.
at Fourth Acoustic Conference in New Zealand,  Wellington,  N.Z.  March  1977.
                                                               Paper presented
Transcribed from the original.
                                                   76

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                                                                      Woodworking Machinery
                                                                      France
Project  Title:
                  Noise From Planing Machines
Performing  Organization Name & Address:
   INKS
   30, Rue Olivier Noyer
   75680  Paris Cedex 14
   France
      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal  Investigator(s):
   M.  T. Ho
   H.  Leblond
   G.  Andre
Start Date:
                Completion Date:
                   Estimated   1977
                   Actual
Type  of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
      Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach,  expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s)  of
publication. )
  1.  REASONS FOR THE  STUDY
     The level  of  noise  due  to planing machines
  is  generally  found  to  be between 95  to 105
  dB  (A).  Even greater  values have been found
  in  the case of machines of  greater power. The
                                                 Year
                                                                Funding:
1976  (actual):
1977  (budget):
1978  (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
Or Total Funding Amount:
COMMENTS:
  Reginal  Banks have  drawn attention to this problem several times.
  2.   CONTENTS OF  THE STUDY
      The  noise emitted by an empty planing machine is essentially due to the rotation of the
  tool in  the air  and the passage of the knives in front of the working tables.  When the machine
  is  loaded, the noise of the machining of the wood is added to this aerodynamic noise.
      Various systems have been proposed to reduce noise emission:
      - use  of perforated or toothed rims
      - use  of a specially-shaped air-guide
      - use  of spiral knives.
      The  last are difficult to manufacture and sharpen.
      The  study consists of verifying the acoustic efficiency and effectiveness of toothed rims
  and the  air guides.
      A theoretical study on the aerodynamic noise of the tool will be done to effect a better
  understanding of the emission mechanism and to optimize the usable reduction devices.  No
  device will be recommended by the INKS if it is not certain that its use will involve no
  supplementary risk  of accident or injury.

  3.   STATE  OF PROGRESS
      Tests  have  been  done on various planing machines at the INRS.  For a small machine,  empty,
  with a rotation speed  of a rather high level (7,200 t/min), the level was 96 dB (A)  without
  suction and  104 dB  (A) with suction.
      Toothed  edges make it possible to reduce these levels to 84 dB (A), thus a gain of 13 dB,
  and air-guides  of an appropriate shape to 84 dB (A) (or a gain of 12 dB).
      For a  machine of greater power, with a rotation speed of 5,000 t/min, the level when the
  machine is empty, without suction, is 92 dB (A), suction causing an increase of about 2  dB.
     The toothed  rims  tested reduced the emitted noise to 89 dB (A).  The use of special air-
  guides seems to yield  a gain of about 8 dB (A) over the initial level.
      The noise level  of the machine without the table under the same conditions is 82 dB  (A).
      As concerns the  use of toothed rims, the Swiss Health Insurance Bank has confirmed that
  the use of these rims  in 50 machines has not thus far caused an particular problem.
  Translated  and  transcribed  from  the original.
                                                  77

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4.  CONTINUATION OF THE STUDY

    The reduction achieved by the two devices was quite significant, so they will
 continue to be studied.  Specifically, their effectiveness when the machine is
 loaded and their effect on the spiration of shavings remains to be verified.

    The theoretical study will perhaps make it possible to optimize the shape and form
 of the air-guides.  The first air—guide is connected to the planer's movable table by
 a mechanism that allows it to retain its level of efficiency regardless of the
 adjustment of the moving table.  A very viable version of this mechanism remains
 to be found.

    All the above work may continue until the end of 1977.
                                             78

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                                                                     Woodworking Machinery
                                                                     France
Project Title:
                Noise From Molding Machines
Performing Organization Name & Address:

   INKS
   30, Rue Olivier Noyer
   75680 Paris Cedex 14
   France
                                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

   M. T. Ho
   H. Leblond
   G. Andre
Start Date:
                Completion Date:
                   Estimated 	
                   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
                                                 Year
                                                 1976 (actual):
                                                 1977 (budget):
                                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                                 Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
                                                              and  to  recommend,  insofar as
Project Suirjnary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
 1.  REASONS FOR THE STUDY
     This study was undertaken at the initia- -
 tive of the INRS.  It is part of a set of
 projects aimed at finding out about the noise
 levels emitted by various machines used in the
 wood industry:  circular saw, planer,  molding machine,  etc.
 possible, means of reducing these noise levels.
 2.  CONTENTS OF THE STUDY
     The study consists of determining initially  the noise levels  emitted by  these  machines
 when they are loaded and when they are empty.  Knowledge of  these levels will  make it  possible
 to compare the molding machine to two,other very noisy  machines,  to  find out about the circular
 saw and the planer, and to recommend rules for placement of  these machines in  the  same workshop.
 The object is to avoid the possibility that a gain in silence made with one  machine, such as
 the circular saw, for example, could be neutralized by  the presence  of another machine, whose
 noise level cannot be reduced.
     Although the problem appears to be very difficult,  we will attempt to determine whether
 there are other possibilities of reducing the noise of  molding machines.

 3.  STATE OF PROGRESS
     Only a few preliminary measurements have been made.  The results of these  measurements,
 as well as those found in the literature, seem to indicate that in general,  molding machines
 are less noisy than circular saws and no more noisy than planers.  Thus, in  a  workshop where
 these three types of machines are used, the gains obtained on one of the two latter types can
 be safeguarded even if it is not known how the noise of molding machines can be  reduced,
 under the condition that certain precautions are taken  during installation of  the  machines.

 4.  CONTINUATION OF THE STUDY
     This study has been suspended until the study on planing  machine noise has progressed
 further, or until the end of 1977.
  Translated  and  transcribed from the original.
                                                    79

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                                                                   Woodworking Machinery
                                                                   West  Germany
Project Title:
             Environmental Impact of Mechanical  Lumber  Industry
 Her formingOrganizaJ-lon. Name §  Address:
 Institute for Wood Physics and  the
 Mechanical Technology of  Wood of the Federal
 Research Center for Forest and Lumber Economy
 Hamburg 80,
 Leuchnerstr, 91C
 West Germany	
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
 Dr.  Arno  Fruehwald
Start Date:
Jan. 1,  1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
             Although  the  lumber  industry is considered environmentally benign in com-

     parison to  other  branches of  industry, there are now in isolated cases considerable

     problems owing  to the emission of dust and noise.  In the long run, these problems
     can be eliminated only by changing  existing — or introducing new processing techniques.

     A study and quantification of present environmental impact aims at evaluating such
     changed techniques; to initiate  such efforts; and to provide responsible authorities
     with documentation for objective judgements.
    Translated  and  transcribed from the original.
                                                 80

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                                               Woodworking Machinery
                                               Abbreviated Listings

France.  Fractional Means of Reducing Noise at Work Places;  Wood-
Sawing Machines with Circular Blades (proposal).  Council of Europe,
67006 Strasbourg Cedex, France.  Sub-Committee on Industrial Safety
and Health  (Engineering questions).  Sponsor:  Council of Europe,
67006 Strasbourg Cedex, France.

Sweden.  Reduction of Noise Generated in Sawmill Machinery.  Swedish
Forest Products, Research Laboratory, Box 5604 S-114, 86 Stockholm 5,
Sweden.  March 1973 - Feb. 1977.  The aim of this project is to ascer-
tain how noise is generated and what machinery conditions can be in-
fluenced with a view to reducing the noise level.

Sweden.  Sound Dampened Saw.  Gomex Verktyg AB, Box 83, S-381 01 Kalmar,
Sweden.  G. Wikner.  Type:  Development.  1972 - 1976.  Reduces noise
at idling and cutting with 5-10 dB(A) compared to conventional saws.
The ready product is introduced in our marketing program consisting of
saws for the woodworking - plastic and metal industries.

Sweden.  Sound Dampened Helical Cutter Head.  AB Nora-Gomex, Kvarnvagen,
S-713 00 NORA, Sweden.  J. Danielsen.  1975 - 1977.  Type:  Development
(Component).  Reduces noise in machines for planing and thicknessing.
The products have been exhibited at the Ligna fair in May 77 and tests
in different applications and machines are carried out.

United Kingdom.  Noise Reduction Technique for Router.  Princes Ris-
borough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Burks, United
Kingdom.  J.N. Smithies.  Sponsor:  Health & Safety Executive, 403-405
Edgemoor Road, London, United Kingdom.   July 1976 — December 1976.
Type:  Development,  Demonstration.

United Kingdom.  Noise Reduction Techniques for Circular Saws.  Princes
Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Bucks, United King-
dom.  J.N. Smithies.  Sponsor:  Health & Safety Executive,  403-405 Edge-
moor Road, London, United Kingdom.  Feb. 1976 - July 1976.  Type:  Develop-
ment, Demonstration.  Practical means of reducing circular saw noise by
damping and local partial enclosure.

West Germany.  Noise Research and Noise Reduction in Circular Saws for
Lumber Industry.  Institute for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Techno-
logy of Braunschweig Tech. Univ., Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19, West
Germany.  Prof. Dr. Ing. Ernst Salje.  Jan.  1,  1976.  Reduction of idling
and cutting noise in circular saws and scoring saws used for lumber pro-
cessing.  The considerable reduction is achieved by alterations in the main
blade.

West Germany.  Possibilities  of Reducing Noise Emission by Lumber Pro-
cessing Machinery.  Inst.  for the Physics & Behavioral Tech. of Wood, Fed.
Research Inst. for Forestry and Lumber  Economy, Hamburg 80,  Leuschnerstr.
91C West Germany.  Prof. Dr.  Noack.
                                   81

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MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT




   TEXTILE MACHINERY
             83

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                                                                    Textile Machinery
                                                                    Sweden
Project Title:
                  Development of New Machinery and  Improvement of Existing Ones
Performing Organization  Name & Address:
 Working  Party Against Noise in the Machine
   Cover  Industry
                                      Sponsoring Organization  Name & Address:
                                      ASF-Sweden
                                      Moelndalsvaegen  85
                                      412 85  Goeteborg, Sweden
Principal Investigator(s):

 Maths-Olof Hoernsten
Start Date:

 Jan,  1,  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                              Dec.  31,  1976
               Funding:
                                                Year
                                                         Amount
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 1976 (actual):  (220,000 Skr)  $49,566
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):

                                 Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                 COMMENTS:
 A joint working party, of machine producers  and union, is composed to develop new machinery
 and  to improve existing ones.  Member organizations include Clothing Workers Union, Nordisk
 Maskinfilt AB, Wallbergs Fabriks AB,  and  Scandiofelt Ltd.
 Trnascribed from the original.
                                                 85

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                                                                 Textile Machinery
                                                                 United  Kingdom
Project Title:  i
                            of Working  Environments  in  the  Knitting  Industries  by Reduction
                of process  Noise
Performing Organization Name & Address:

            Hatra,
            7 Gregory Boulevard,
            Nottingham,  England
                                                    Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
            G.  M.  Coles
Start Date:

  October
   1976
               Completion Date:
                  Estimated  qR
                  Actual
             Type  of  Research  Program:

             	  Fundamental
              x    Development  (Component  or  System)
              x    Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
                  Production)
             	  Measurement  Methodology
_L9_Z8
                                               Year
                                               1976 (actual):
                                               1977 (budget):
                                               1978 (forecast):
                                                             Funding:
                                                                       Amount
                                                                         (_ £49,000) _$8_42_60_
                                               COMMENTS:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
      In the United Kingdom a definition of
an acceptable working environment in terms
of noise was first provided by the 'Code of
practice for reducing the exposure of
employed persons to noise' of 1972, and it is anticipated that forthcoming legislation within
the scope of the Health and Safety at Work, etc., Act of 1974 will be based en this definition.

      Survey work carried out by Hatra has shown that a number of processes commonly found in
the knitting industries produce working environments having noise levels above these standards,
the most significant contraventions being in the fields of seamless hose knitting, fully-
fashioned garment knitting, and garment steam pressing.   The proposed project is aimed at the
development of  noise reduction techniques for the second and third of these specific classes
of equipment in order that Government standards can be achieved in a manner acceptable within
the context of  the operational needs of the industry.   (The first category referred to,
seamless hose knitting, has already been the subject of a Hatra research programme).

      The work involved in the project falls into four major stages in each of the two cases to
be considered;  the first stage, comprising a detailed assessment of the types of noise gene-
ration mechanism involved and their separate relevance to the overall problem, will be based
on machines currently available at Hatra.   From the results of this type of detailed scrutiny,
the second  stage, the application  of noise control methods as and where applicable,will
result.   The third stage, covers  laboratory assessment of these  techniques as applied to
the Hatra machines, and the fourth, final, stage would involve field trials of suitable
developments in conjunction with a co-operating  knitting company.
                                                   86

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                                                             Textile Machinery
                                                             West Germany
Projec      e.   study and Determination of Measures for Noise Abatement on Our Spinning
  Frames and Drawing Frames
Performing Organization Name & Address:

  Fried.  Krupp Corp.
  Bremen  71,  Fargerstr.  130
  West Germany
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator (s) :

  Gerhard Rehme
Start Date:
 Jan.l,  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated Dec.  31.  1977
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual)
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or  Total  Funding Amount:
                                                                        .(300, QPO_ DM)_ $127,200
                                               COMMENTS:
              In 1976, governmental regulations on maximum admissible noise levels at

      the work site are becoming effective, which affect a part of our machine program;

      namely, open-end spinning frames, intersecting gill boxes and ring spinners.  The

      required measures can only be found through a systematic study of the noise problem.

      It is planned to test damping procedures on the basis of noise analyses, some of

      which have already been completed, on certain structural elements and then to

      adopt the optimum measures still to be determined.
      Translated and transcribed from the original.

                                                 87

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                                             Textile Machiner}?
                                             Abbreviated  Listings
United Kingdom.   Reduction  of  Noise in the Textile  Industry.
Health and Safety  Executive,  London, United Kingdom.  1977.

United Kingdom.   Garment  and  Allied Industries. Dept.  of  Industry,
London, United Kingdom. Noise  reduction in knitting machines.
Noise in the wool  industry.   1977.

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MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT

METAL WORKING EQUIPMENT


    See Also Pages:

         159
         212
         287
             89

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                                                                        Metal Working Machinery
                                                                        Australia
Project Title:
                Noise Control in Impulsive Operations
Performing Organization  Name & Address:
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Monash University
 Layton, Vic, Australia
                                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

 Dr. Leonard L. Koss
Start Date:

1973
               Completion Date:
                  Estimated  Continuing
                  Actual
Type of Research Program:

 x   Fundamental
 x   Development  (Component or System)
 x   Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
 x   Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
                                                Year
                                                                         Amount
                                                1976  (actual):
                                                1977  (budget):   ($500.00)  $555.
                                                1978  (forecast): ($500.00)  $555.
                                                Or Total Funding  Amount:  ($1,500.00)  $1,665.

                                                COMMENTS:
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)

The purpose of the Project is  to develop
methods of reducing impulsive  noises.  Con-
sequently, the areas of investigation has
been broken up into the following:

     1.  Punch Press Operations
     2.  Solid Body Acceleration
     3.  Noise Analysis Procedures.

  Basic phenomenology is  being looked at with regard to developing practical methods of
  noise reduction.
  Publications:
  Koss, L. L. and Alfredson, R. J.   "Multiple Input Correlation Theory and the Lease Square
  Method for the Analysis of Transient Sound".  Letter to Editor, JSV, 32C3), 1974, p423-427,
  Koss, L. L. and Alfredson, R.  J.  "Identification of Transient Sound Sources on a Punch Press"
  JSV, 34(1), 1974, pll-33.
  Koss, L. L. and Alfredson, R. J.   "Transient Sound Radiated by Spheres Undergoing an Elastic
  Collision". JSV,  27(1), 1973, p59-75.
  Koss, L. L.  "Application of Transient Acoustic Fields to Noise Control".   Monash Uni.,  MMER

  Koss, L. L.  "Vibrational Analysis of a Punch Press",  Noise,  Shock & Vibration Conf   held at
  Monash Uni., May  22-25, 1974, p445-456.
  Koss, L. L.  "Transient Sound from Colliding Spheres-Normalized Results",  JSV,  Vol  36
  No. 4, 1974, p541-553.                                                                '
  Koss, L. L.  "Transient Sound from Colliding Spheres-Inelastic Collisions",  JSV  Vol  36
  No. 4, 1974, p555-562.                                                                  '
  Koss, L. L.  "Noise from Two, Four and Eight Ton Punch Presses",  Vibration & Noise Control
  Engineering Conference, held  at Sebel Town House,  Sydney,  October 11-12, 1976.
 Alfredson,  R.  J.   "Noise Source Identification and Control of Noise in Punch Presses"
 Reduction of Machinery Noise",  Purdue University,  December 10-12,  1975.               '
cXoss, L.  L.  "Punch Press Load-Radiation Characteristics", Accepted for Publication in Noise
 Control Engineering,  Spring 1977.
 Koss, L.  L. and Tang,  Y. A.  "Analysis of Noise from a  23  Ton Punch Press  and Methods of
 Noise Reduction".   To  be Presented  at the Australian Conference on Manufacturing  Engineering
 Adelaide, August  1977.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  91

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                                                                 Metal Working Machinery
                                                                 Norway
 •vojcet  Til-lc:
     Noise  in  round ry  Indus try
:'erf Drilling Orgni.i zation Kami:  6 Address:
    National  inst.  of Technology,
    P.box 8116 Oslo  dep.  'Oslo 1
    Norway.
.-rdncipal  Investigator (s) :
     01e  J.  Krudtaa ,
     Hans  Fjerdingstad,
. tart i)ate:
 I.Jan.1975
pjot ion Date
E.stir.iatcd
Actual
 rojcct  Sui'jnnry:  (I'.rit-rJy  describe the
 oals, approach, expected or actual results,
 ejport(n) goneiated and the date(s) of
 ah] Jcat ton. )
                                 SpO:is
-------
                                                                      Metal Working Machinery
                                                                      Scotland
 Project Title:
          Press Noise  Reduction
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Paisley College of Technology
 High  Street
 Paisley
 Renfrewshire
 -Scotland
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
 Principal  Investigator(s):

 Dr.  A.  M.  Petrie
 Start  Date:
 Feb. 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Feb.  1979
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

 X   Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected  or  actual results,
 report(s)  generated and  the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount: (E5OOO)

                                                COMMENTS:
                                                                    $8,598
Jj-rom the available literature it is clear that there is not sufficient data to construct
a general model which will predict the noise level from a range of presses.  The purpose
^f this project is to assess the methods of measurement, recording and analysis of the
rorces and acoustic output associated with various components of a range of punch presses
an order to establish a method for predicting the overall acoustic output.
                                                  93

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                                                                        Metal  Working Machinery
                                                                        Sweden
Project Title:
                Noise  Reduction of Excenter presses
-Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
 Ingemansson  Acoustics
 Box 53037
 S-40014 Gothenburg,  Sweden
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                 Arbetarskyddsfonden
                                 Sveavagen  166
                                 S-11346  Stockholm, Sweden
Principal  Investigator(s) :

 Roger Ekstroem
 Peter Bengtsson
 Hans Elvhammar
Start Date:

 Dec. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated Sept. 1977
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication. )
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
  x.  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount: (Scr. $99,000.) $11,040.

                                                COMMENTS:
 Reduction of impulsive noise from excenter presses with the  aid  of  special dampers.  Published
 as messages from Arbetsgruppen mot buller inom Verkstadsindustgin.
  Transcribed from the original.
                                                    94

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                                                                      Metal Working  Machinery
                                                                      Sweden
Project Title:
               Improvement of workplace Noise from cutting Tools
Performing Organization Name  &  Address:

Ingemansson Acoustics
Box 53037
S-40014 Gothenburg, Sweden
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:

                                     Arbetarskyddsfonden
                                     Sveavagen 166
                                     S-11346 Stockholm, Sweden
Principal Investigator (s) :

Hans Elvhammar
Hasse Moss
Start Date:
Dec. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Dec.  1978
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or_ Total  Funding Amount
-------
                                                                     Metal Working Machinery
                                                                     Sweden
Project Title:
               Reduction of ttiise from Sheet Tooling
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Ingemansson Acoustics
Box 53037
S-40014 Gothenburg, Sweden
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:

                                     Arbetarskyddsfonden
                                     Sveavagen  166
                                     S-11346  Stockholm, Sweden
Principal Investigator(s):

Hans Elvhammar
Roger Ekstroem
Peter Bengtsson
Start Date:

Dec. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated June 1977
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount: (Scr.  $100,000.)  $22,530.

                                               COMMENTS:
Noise from metal sheet tooling is studied with certain attention to  hand shop  tools  and  their
modification in order to reduce noise.  Result published as messages from Arbetsgruppen  mot
buller inom Verkstadsindustrin.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                    96

-------
                                                                           Metal Working Machinery
                                                                           Sweden
 Project  Title:
                  Reducing Noise by Changing  Over to Hydraulic Methods.   Preliminary  Study.
 Performing Organization Name  & Address:
 IFM-Akustikbyran AB
 Box 30021
 400 43 Goeteborg, Sweden
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:

                                     Styrelsen faer teknisk at veckling
                                     Pack
                                     100 72 Stockholm, Sweden
Principal  Investigator(s):
Lars Nordlund
Start  Date:
Sept. 1, 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
  X  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
              Sept.  30.  1977
               Funding:
Project  Surnaary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach,  expected or actual  results,
report (s)  generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)

The effort to combat noise in industrial plants
has, to a great extent, so far  been aimed at
constructive changes in machinery and  at the
enclosure of noisy phases of  the work.   In
cases where this has not been possible,  only  the
on the premises has been used.   Sledge-hammering
often been accepted as unavoidable.
                                 Year
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                 Or Total Funding Amount: (50>000 sKr-)
                                 —	$11,265	
                                 COMMENTS:
                                 possibility of  introducing absorbents and screens
                                 for  the  straightening of sheet metal, etc., has
This study makes a comparison between noise-reducing  effects and costs in sound absorption and
the transition to hydraulic methods for the straightening of sheet metal.  The study only includes
one test sample from the manufacturing industries.  In this  test sample it was estimated that
twice as big a noise reduction (4 dB(A)/2  dB(A))  at 40%  of  the cost  (60,000.-/150,000.-Sw. Crowns
$13,518-$33,795) could be achieved when the efforts are  aimed at changing the work methods rather
than the physical plant.

The cost of hydraulic equipment necessary  in order  to achieve the same results as in the test
was estimated to be quite moderate.  Some  of the  costs could probably be covered by savings in
the form of shortened production time.

The stated noise reductions refer to equivalent noise levels.  By changing over to hydraulic
methods for the straightening of sheet metal,  the loudest impulse sounds are eliminated.  This
is of great importance considering the risk of hearing loss.

Publication

Report 13 6056,01 "Reducing Noise by Changing Over  to Hydraulic Methods.  Preliminary Study".
September 1977.
Translated and transcribed from the original  Swedish.
                                                    97

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                                                                   Metal Working Machinery
                                                                   Sweden	
Project Title:
                 Combating Noise at  Electric  Steel Plants
Performing Organization Name & Address:
IFM-Akustikbyran AB
Box 30021
400 43 Goeteborg, Sweden
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
                                   Arbetarskyddsfonden
                                   Wenner-Gren Center
                                   Sveavaegen 166
                                   113 46 Stockholm,  Sweden
Principal Investigator(s):

Lars Nordlund
Start Date:

July 1, 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  June 30, 1979
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
 X   Development (Component or  System)
 X   Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                                 Year
                                                                          Amount
                                 1976  (actual):   (125,000  sKr)  $28,162
                                 1977  (budget):   (280,000  sKr)  $ 63,084
                                 1978  (forecast):     ?

                                 Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                 COMMENTS:
The project is intended to  develop  practical constructions and measures in order to decrease
the noise at electric steel plants, mainly by combating the noise of arc furnaces at the source.
The project is also aimed at noise-producing mechanisms and factors which may produce noise
in arc furnaces.   In addition,  there will be a development, evaluation and compilation of
engineering procedures aimed at decreasing the spread of noise in steel plants.  Finally the
increased automation and other  significant changes in future steel plants will be evaluated
with regard to noise.  The  experiences  gained are to be distributed among the planning,
operational and safety personnel of the steel plants as well as to furnace manufacturers,
acoustics consultants, university institutes and.others who might be interested.  The objective
of the project is to obtain necessary knowledge and technical means so that those combinations
of noise combating measures may be  chosen, which, at the lowest possible cost, will be able
to achieve a projected level for existing as well as for new installations.
Publication
Report 13 6028.01-07:  "Combating  Noise  at Electric Steel Plants'
(Excerpted reports).
                                                  September  76 - September 77
Translated and transcribed  from the  original Swedish.
                                                    98

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                                                                     Metal Working Machinery
                                                                     Sweden
 Project Title:
 Shockabsorbers at Blanking Operations
 -Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
 The Swedish Institute of Production Engineerin
 Research
 Molndalsvagen 85
 412 85 Goteborg
 Sweden
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     The Swedish work environment Fund (ASF)
-Principal Investigator(s):

 Christer Bramberger
__Start Date:
 Jan. 1, 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated _jan__LJ_L378
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

 X   Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                               Funding:
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
 goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
 publication.)
                                    ^
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                         Amount
                   (100,000 Skr)
                   (120,000 Skr)
$22,530
$27,036
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:  (220,000 Skr) $49,566

                                                 COMMENTS:
 During the time just before blanking operation in presses,  the press  components are put
 under compression and the press becomes a giant spring.
 At the moment of blanking all the stored energy is suddenly released  at  tremendous
 velocity.
 The sudden breakthrough causes vibrations and noise problems,  often like shot guns.
 The aim of this project is to find the criteria,  of the  function of Shockabsorbers, to
 make the time-force curve more favourable without an overload  on the  press.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                    99

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                                                                    Metal Working Machinery
                                                                    Sweden
Project Title:
                  Noise Abatement  in the  Engineering Industry
Performing  Organization Name & Address:

Swedish Engineering Employers'  Association
Joint Working Party Against Noise in the
  Engineering Industry
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                      ASF,  Sweden
                                      Moelndalsvaegen 85
                                      412 85 Goeteborg, Sweden
Principal Investigator (s) :

Olle Ustafsson
Start Date:
 1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated   1977
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
               Funding:
                                                Year
                                                                         Amount
Project Sunanary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 197* (actual): (390,000 Dkr)   $87,867
                                 1975 (budget): (775,000 Dkr)  $174,607
                                 1976 (budget):
                                 1917 _ (budget).: _(480,,OJ30- QkrJ - $.103,144.
                                 Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                 COMMENTS:
Improvements in an engineering  shop for cutting.
Acoustical planning of  an  engineering workshop.
Reduction of noise when working on sheet metal with hand tools.
Reduction of noise from excenter presses with welded foundations.
Reduction of noise from conveyors.
Survey of noise and risks  for hearing impairments in workplaces with impact noise.
Noise from equipment (belts)
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  100

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                                                                   Metal Working Machinery
                                                                   Sweden
Project Title:
Noise From Excenterpresses.
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
The Swedish Institute of Production Engineerin
Research
Molndalsvagen 85
412 85 Goteborg
Sweden              	               	
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                      The Swedish Work Environment  Fund
Principal Investigator(s):

Kurt Stenudd
Start Date:

Jan. 1, 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  June 30, 1977
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

 X   Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
 X   Measurement Methodology
              Funding :
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                                                        $37,175
                                                COMMENTS:
The aim of this project is to give reasonable levels of  the noise  permitted  for mechanical
presses.
Measurements of many presses new and old, will give statistical  material.  Experiments of
silenced values etc. has also been done.
More modern presses are compared to older but due to the higher  working  speed the noise level
has in general not been reduced.
 Transcribed from the  original.
                                                  101

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                                                                         Metal Working Machinery
                                                                         United Kingdom
 Project  Title:
The Mechanisms of Noise Generation From Electric Arc Furnaces.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

British Steel Corporation
Swinden Laboratories
Moorgate, Rotherham
Yorkshire, United Kingdom
     Sponsoring Organization  Name  & Address:

     Commission of  the European Communities
     Directorate of Social Affaires
     Batiment  Jean  Monnet
     Kirschberg,  Luxembourg
 Principal Investigator(s):
Dr. G. R. Jordan
 Start  Date:
Sept. 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated  g0,
   Actual
Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development  (Component  or  System)
     Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
                                    1Q7
                                                              Funding:
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
Year
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount: (3,120,000)  $206,352

                                                COMMENTS:  The total funding is split almost
                                               	p.qiial Ty in thp ? yp.arg.	
The objective of the Project is to investigate systematically the causes of noise produced
in electric arc furnaces and to determine the influence on the noise of operating conditions
such as the power and current of the arc, the relative difference in melting and refining
periods, the effect of metal/slag surface conditions and the characteristics of the arc.

Research will be conducted both in the laboratory and on production furnaces, and both A.C.
and D.C. power will be used.  The laboratory studies will include:
     a.  investigations of the causes of noise.
     b.  estimation of the amount of noise as a function of the operating conditions.
     c.  determination of the effects of the surface condition of "doped" and impregnated
         electrodes.
     d.  estimation of the effects of different conditions of slag and metal.  The production
         plant studies will be made on furnaces   of up to 84 MVA and with charged capacities
         of 17 to 180 tonnes.  Noise levels will be measured and correlated with the results of
         the laboratory experiments defined above.  The effect on noise of continuously charging
         scrap and pre-reduced material will also be studied.

This programme has recently started (June 1977)  and will be reported at 6 monthly intervals
to the European Commission.  The final report will be available late 1979/early 1980.

It should be noted that the above project is a collaborative contract with IRSID, Maizleres le
Metz,  France (Antoine) and BFI, 4 Dusseldorf, Sohnstrasse 65, Germany (Dr. Keck).
Transcribed from the original.
                                                   102

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                                                                       Metal Working Machinery
                                                                       United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Hammer Noise at Source
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Drop Forging Research Association
Shepard Street
Sheffield S3 7BA
United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name  &  Address:

                                 Drop Forging Research Association;
                                 Department of Employment,  Health & Safety  Executiv<
Principal Investigator (s):

A.C. Hobdell
R. Rodgers
Start Date:
Jan. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated Pec. 1976
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                               Year
                                                                        Amount
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)

Following a preliminary study of the actual
sources and causes of noise from drop ham-
mers, trials are being made of practical
means for reducing this noise at sources, e.g
                                1976  (actual): (t4,600)  $7,910.
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast) :
                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
                                overlapping shields around  the  dies.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  103

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                                                          Metal Working Machinery
                                                          West Germany
Project Title:
               Humanizing Working Conditions For the W=lder
Performing Organization Name & Address:
   German Association for Welding
   Technology
   Duesseldorf, Aachener Strasse 172
   West Germany
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                    Federal Minister for Research & Technology
                                    Federal Minister for Labor and
                                    Social Welfare
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or  Total  Funding Amount:
                                               ~
                                               COMMENTS:
       Study of the formation of  health-endangering welding smoke and gas.  Measures to

reduce or prevent them — or procedures to protect against  their  injurious  effects.  Determ-

ination of noise emission levels  and measures for the prevention  or  reduction of harmful

effects.  (The listed themes apply to welding as well as  to related  operations, such as

flame cutting, soldering and thermal spraying).
Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                 104

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                                                Metal Working Machinery
                                                West Germany
 Project Title: Noise Abatement at .Work Sites  in Heavy-Tlate Shearing Roll  Trains.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
August  Thyssen  Iron Works
Duisburg, Postfach. 67
West  Germany
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                  Society for  Space Exploration
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Start Date:
Sept.15,197
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	__
   Actual
                         J>e,c.  31, 1976
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                              Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component  or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                          Funding:
                              Year
                              1976  (actual):
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):
                                                                   Amount
                                                            Amount
                                            COMMENTS :
                   Aim is to  test structural possibilities  for noise  abatement

        possibilities in certain sections of  the plate  shearing roll train  in

        actual use,  and to  evaluate  their effect with comparative  measurements.
        Translated  and transcribed  from the  original,
                                              105

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                                                 Metal Working Machinery
                                                 West Germany
 Project Title:
              Determination of  the Impulse  Sound Directly Radiated  by the  Forge
              Hammer  as pa'rt  of  the Total Response.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
Institute and Chair  for Measurement
Technique in Machine Construction
Hannover, Nienburger Strasse  17
West Germany
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Start Date:
Apr.1,1976
Conpletion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual ge.pt. 3 0,1976
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                              Type of  Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                              Year
                              1976 (actual):
                              1977 (budget):
                              1978 (forecast):
                                           Funding:
                                                                   Amount
                  C37,OOOBM)_$1Z,7ZO
                                             Or Total Funding Amount:
                                             COMMENTS:
                      The task  resides in  reporting  how the two  acting noise

          compotteiLts,  direct  and indirect  sound transmitted by air, contribute

          energetically in  the case of  forge hammers  to the total air^

          transmitted noise.   The results  yield consequences for measurement

          technique for impulse-type sound  phenomena  in the case of forge

          hammers  and for the  protection  of men working in the  immediate

          vicinity of such  noise generation.
     Translated and transcribed from the original
                                           106

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                                                    Metal  Working Machinery
                                                    West Germany
Project Title:
               Study of  the JBehavior of Machine Tool  Motors in  Regard to
               Stiffness and Noise  Generation.
Performing  Or;;:uiizalion Name  i Addres

Institute  for  Machine  Tools and
Management  Techniques
Munich 2,  Arcisstr  21
West  Germany
Principal Investigator(s):

Dipl. Ing.  Reiner Boehm
Start Date:
May 1,1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 ActualMay 31,197?
Project  Summary:  (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:

                                   Union of German Machine Tool
                                   Manufacturers
                              Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Developmeiit  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,
Produc tiou)
Measurement Methodology
                                            Funding:
                              Year_
                              1976 (actual):
                              1977 (budget):
                              1973 (forecast):
                                                                   Amount
                                            Or_ Total Funding Amount .<40, OOODM) $16 , 960

                                            COMMENTS:
                Noise  level measurements and  frequency  analysis  of the

     radiated  noise from machine  tool motors.   Correlation with structural

     causes  and development of remedial measures.  The study  is carried  out

     with noise level  meter and digital frequency analyzer.
    Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                           107

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                                               Metal Working Machinery
                                               West Germany
 Project Title:  Nolsa Abatement in Grinding of sheet  Metal and of  Construction
               Elements  Made of Sheet  Metal,
 Performing  Organization Name & Address:
Ministry and Chair  for  Measurement
Techniques in Machine  Construction
Hannover,  Nienburger Strasse. 17
West Germany
                                  Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                 German Research Society for
                                 Sheetmetal Processing
 Principal  Investigator(s):
Dr. Ing.  Frohmund Hock
 Start Date:
Nov.l,  1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual  Apr ,30, 1 976
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                             Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                          Funding:
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                 Amount
                                           Or Total Funding Amount :^463 > OOODM) $196,312

                                           COMMENTS:
                  Point  of departure:   grinding process, vibration behavior

       and  noise radiation of thin  plate.



                  Research object:  Measures for  reduction of noise stimulation.

       Separation of  effect of tool,  workpiece, machine on noise  (already  led

       through), noise  abatement on machine, work piece, work piece utilization:

       environmental  protection, means:   parameter variables affected by:

       work piece,  tool,  machine.
 Translated and transcribed from  the original,
                                             108

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                                                    Metal Working Machinery
                                                    West Germany
  Project Title: . Development of a Low-Noise Processing Technique for  Sheet Metal and  Sheet
Metal  Construction in Substitution for Noise-Intensive Grinding Processes with Hand-Held
Grinding Machines.
  ?d.ioj:!iii.ig Organ\ zat ion Name & Addrebs:

  Chair  and Institute for  Finishing
  Technique and Planing Machine Tools
  Hannover, Welfengarten 1A
  West Germany
  Principal Investigator(s):

  Prof. Dr.  Ing. Hans Kurt  Toenshoff
  Start Date:
Completion  Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
  Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
  goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
  report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
  publication.)
                                    Sponsoring Organization Name &  Address:
                               Type of  Research Program:

                               	  Fundamental
                               	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,
    Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                               Year
                               1976 (actual):
                               1977 (budget):
                               1978 (forecast):
                                                                      Amount
                                               Or_ Total Funding Amount :(320 , OOODM) $135 , 680

                                               COMMENTS:
                        Adaptation  of  the tool to the  demands  of hand  processing

             while  maintaining minimum noise level; conception of a  drive

             mechanism and  of power  transmission for  a hand  tool.
  Translated and  transcribed from  the original,
                                              109

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                                                 Metal  Working Machiner^r
                                                 West Germany
Project Title: Study  of Data  ancj Methods, for the  Predetermination of  Noise-
Related  Behavior  of Milling Machines  Under Conditions of  Actual Operation.
Performing Organization Name &  Address:
Chair  and Institute for  Finishing
Technique and Planing Machine Tools
Hannover, Welfengarten 1A
West Germany
Principal  Investigator(s):

Prof.  Dr.  Ingl. Hans  Kurt  Toenshoff
Start Date:

Jan.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated Dec.31.1977
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals,  approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
pu'oiJcation. )
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:
                              Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype.
Produc tion)
Measurement  Methodology
                                            Funding:
                              Year                   Amount
                              1976 (actual):
                              1977 (budget):
                              1978 (forecast):

                              Or_ Total Funding Amount :(3 00 , OOODM) $127 , 200

                              COMMENTS:
                      Description of  the behavior  in regard  to noise  of machine

           tools  by means  of  characteristic functions.   Study of the effects

           of individual processing  parameters.
Translated  and  transcribed from  the original,
                                            110

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                                                 Metal  Working Machinery
                                                 West Germany
Project TitJe: -jechnj_cai Limiting values  for Planning Machine Tools With Due
Alteration to Economic Potential for  Low-Noise Design.
Performing Organization Name (» Address:

Laboratory for  Machine  Tools and
Operations Technique
Aachen, Wuellnerstr. 5
West
Principal Investigator (s) :

Prof.  Dr. Ingl.  Manfred  Week
Start Date:

Jun  1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated May 31,1978
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                              Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development (Component  or System)
     Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
Year                   Amount
1976" (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):

Or_ Total  Funding Amount =(53 0 , OOODM) $ 245 , 9 2 0

COMMENTS:
                      Aim  is  to provide  basis for  decisions  regarding  the

          determination of admissible technical  limiting noise levels  for

          machine  tools.  To  this effect  serial  tests are analyzed which

          were run  by industry and which  characterize the present state

          of technology with  respect to noise behavior in machine tools.

          In addition,  possibilities for  noise abatement in  machine tools

          are tested  in the laboratory.   The results  of this  project  serve as

          basis for  a "vdi" guideline which is presented in  the "ets"  sub

          committee  on  "planning machine  tools."
     Translated and  transcribed  from the  original.
                                           Ill

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                                                  Metal Working Machinery
                                                  West Germany
Project  i  t e-floise Abatement in the Grinding
             Elements made of Sheet Metal
                                           of Sheet Metal and of Construction
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Chair  and Institute for  Finishing
Technique and  Planing Machine Tools
Hannover, Welfengarten 1A
West Germany
Principal Investigator(s):
Prof.  Dr. Ing.  Hans Kurt  Toenshoff
Start Date:
Dec.1,1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                        Dpp. 31 J 976
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                             Type  of Research Program:
                                                  Fundamental
                                                  Development (Component  or  System)
                                                  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,
                                                  Production)
                                                  Measurement Methodology
                                                           Funding:
                                                                    Amount
                                                _
                                             1976  (actual):
                                             1977  (budget):
                                             1978  (forecast):
                                             Or Total Funding Amount :(263 , OOODM) $111, 512

                                             COMMENTS:
                      Reduction of  noise radiation,  effect of  the processing

           technique on  the noise  parameters:   fusion,  granulation,  speed of

           revolution, diameter  of grinding  wheel.
     Translated  and transcribed  from the original.
                                             112

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                                                        Metal Working Machinery
                                                        West Germany
Proiect Title:
  Noise Abatement in Rolling Kill Installations and Finishing Shops
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Operations Research Inst.
 Duesseldorf, Sohnstr 65
 West Germany
                                     Sponsoring  Organization  Name & Address:

                                  European Coal and Steel Community
Principal Investigator(s):
 Dr. Ing..Herbert Fritz
Start Date:

 March 1,197!
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
-£ebxuaxy_28,  197
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication,)
                                Type of Research  Program:
                        Fundamental
                        Development (Component or System)
                        Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
                        Production)
                        Measurement Methodology
                                 Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                                                        _(71 Oj 000_ DM)_ $301,040
                                               COMMENTS:
           The rolling mill installations  and  finishing  shops  of  the  iron and steel industry,

   workers are subjected to noise stresses with peak levels  up to  115 dba.  This  study is to

   determine noise emissions and resulting stresses  in personnel  in a number of plants.
   On the basis of these measurements,  proposals are to  be submitted  and evaluated regarding
   technological, structural and organizational changes  for  noise abatement.  Practical
   planning documentation for new construction or alterations  is  provided by this procedure.
   Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                 113

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                                                     Metal Working Machinery
                                                     West Germany
 Project Titlo:  Studies  for the Development of Iloise Abatement Measures  for Forging Presses
   Based on  the Exarml= of a Double-Sided Executive Forging Press
 Performing Organization Name-  & Address:

Ingenieurbuero  K.P.  Schmidt VDI
Mettman,  West  Germany
 Principal InvcsfLgator(s):
 Start Date:

Apr.1,1975
CoHpletion  Dale:
   Estimated
                  Actual  Sept.30,1976
 Project Summary:  (Briefly  describe- the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
 publicat ion.)
                                    Sponsoring Organization Name & Addret

                                   Federal Minister  for Labor
                                   and  Social  Welfare
Type of Research Program:

     Fundamental
 	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Expeiimental,  Prototype.
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                            Funding:
                               Yea_r                   Amount
                               1976 (actual):
                               1977 (budget):
                               1978 (forecast):

                               £r Total  Funding Amount :(H 2 , OOODM) $ 47 , 488

                               COMMENTS:
                       Technical  noise abatement  measures  are to  be developed

           from studies  of the  noise generation mechanism.  These measures will

           be  tested  under actual operating conditions.   The  required

           structural changes  are then  to be  listed which must  be used

           actively to  reduce  noises in certain forge  presses.
  Translated and  transcribed from  the original,
                                             114

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                                                Metal working Machinery
                                                West Germany
 Project Title:
                  Noise Distribution and
                  Industry.
                             Propagation j,n Hangars of  the steel
 Performing Organization Name  & Address:

Operations Research Institute
Duesseldorf, Sohnstr.  65
West  Germany
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                  Federal Minister for Research
                                  and Technology
 Principal Investigator(s):

Dipl  Ing Gerhard  Neugebauer
 Start Date:
Dec.1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual Dec.31.1977
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                              Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                           Funding:
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                            Or Total Funding Amount: (481.000DM)  $203,944

                                            COMMENTS:
                  Aim is to ascertain possibilities  for affecting  noise

        distribution  and propagation in  the hangars  of  the steel  industry,

        so  as to reduce noise  levels at  the actual work sites:  a)  measurement

        of  noise distribution  in the hangars;  b) individual measures for noise

        abatement;  c)  compilation    Of a  list of preventive measures;

        d)  computations; e) data in noise  distribution  and propagation,

        made available for generally applicable projects for improvement„
       Translated and  transcribed  from the  original.
                                               115

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                                 Metal Working Machinery
                                 Abbreviated  Listings With Funding
Sweden.  Development of Better  Systems  For  Fastening Forging
Dies.  Swedish Engineering Association,  IVF,  Goeteborg, Sweden.
dr Per Boije. Sponsor: ASF  Sweden, Moelndalsvaegen 85, 412 85
Goeteborg, Sweden. March 1,  1975-June 30,  1976.  (96,000 Dkr)
§21,629.
Sweden.  Acoustical  Planning of Mechanic Workshops.  Ingemansson
\coustics, Box  53037,  S-40014 Gothenburg,  Sweden.  Hans Elvhammar,
Lars Olof Roseu. Sponsor:  Arbetarskyddsfonden,Sveavagen 166,3-11346
Stockholm, Sweden.   Type:   Development.  Dec. 1976-Nov. 1977.
(Scr.  $140,000)  $31,542.  Noise Abatement  Principles Performed
and Evaluated in  roll-bearing production factory (SKF).

Sweden.  Arc Welding,  Air Gapping,  Improvement of Equipment.
Swedish Engineering  Association,  IVF, Goeteborg. Sweden.
Per Boije. Sponsor:  ASF Sweden  Moelndalsvaegen 85, 412 85
Goeteborg, Sweden. July 1,  1975-Sept. 30,  1976.  (93,000 Dkr)
$20,953.

Sweden. Noise Reduction in  Cold Forging.  Swedish Engineering
Association, IVF, Goeteborg,  Sweden.  Per Boije.  Sponsor:
ASF, Sweden, Moelndalsvaegen 85,  412  85 Goeteborg, Sweden.
Nov. 1, 1974-April 30, 1976.   (125,000  Dkr)  $28,163.

Sweden.  Noise  Abatement in Connection  with Welding.  Swedish
Engineering Association, IVF,  Goeteborg, Sweden. Per Boije.
Sponsor: ASF Sweden, Moelndalsvaegen  85, 412 85  Goeteborg, Sweden.
July 1, 1975 -Dec. 31, 1976.  (200,000 Dkr)  $45,060.

Sweden. Oil Burners  in the  Forging  Industry.  Swedish Engineering
Industry Association,  IVF,  Goeteborg, Sweden. Per Boije, dr Erig. Sc.
Sponsor:  ASF Sweden,  Moelndalsvaegen 85,  412 85, Goeteborg, Sweden.
Nov. 1, 1974 -Feb. 29, 1976.  (133,000 Dkr)  $29,965.  Modifications
and construction  changes of oil burners and ovens to reduce
noise.

Sweden. Survey  of the  Existence of  Infra-Noise in a Steel Mill.
University of Lulea, Noise  and  Vibration Project, Lulea, Sweden.
dr. Ulrik Dundbaeck. Sponsor:  ASF  Sweden,  Moelndalsvaegen 85,
412 85 Goeteborg, Sweden. July  1,  1975-June 30,  1976.  (29,130 Skr)
$6,563.
                               llf

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                                                              Metal Working Machinery
                                                              France
   Piv-j.-ct Title:

      Noise From Rotary Pneumatic Tools
   Performing  Organization Name & Address:

INRS
30, Rue Olivier Noyer
75680 Paris Cedex 14
France
   PrincipaJ  Investigator(s):
M. T. Ho
H. Leblond
G. Andre
   Start  Date:
 est. 1975
ConpleUion Date:
   Estimated  1976
   Actual
  Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
  goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
  report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
  publication.)
      1.   ORIGIN AND REASONS FOR THE STUDY
                                      Sponsoring Organization  Name  &  Address:
                                 Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component  or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype.
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                                 Funding:
                                 Yeajr
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                           Amount
                                                  Or Total  Funding Amount:
                                                  COMMENTS:
      This  study, undertaken at  the initiative  of the INRS, is aimed at determining and
      measuring  the acoustic force and mechanical properties of supposedly noisy pneumatic rotary
      tools,  such as drills, grinders, screws.
      2.  PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY
      The present study is essentially concerned with the measurement of the noise emitted by
      pneumatic  rotary tools during their normal use in industry, or, at least, under experi-
      mental  conditions simulating such normal  use as closely as possible.  In order to
      verify  the fact that "silent" operation has not been obtained to the detriment of a
      loss  in mechanical power or an increase in compressed air consumption, these two para-
      meters  (mechanical power and air consumption) will be measured as well for each of the
      tools.
      3.  STATE  OF PROGRESS
      Preliminary tests have already been performed in order to determine the types of tools
      that  should be tested.  Actually, these comparative materials tests are of no value
      unless  the noise emitted depends, to a substantial degree, on the quality of the tool,
      and not only on the type of work being done.  We also decided to limit ourselves in
      this  study to the following tools:  straight grinders, surfacing grinders and drills.
      As concerns the measurements of mechanical power, the test bench was made by INRS,
      as well as the test for yield, which were done with precision using calibrated
      Venturis.  A working reunion was organized for May 15, 1975, where pneumatic materials
      manufacturers and importers, as well as the professional union representative
      (himself a manufacturer) met.  Only two corporations sent representatives to this
      reunion.   Despite this reticence, the meeting made it possible to reach certain
      specifications regarding the choice for the tests of tools currently being used
      (power, diameter of the grinders or drills), as well as regarding the noise measure-
      ments themselves.  On this subject there was a disagreement of opinions between the
      position of the INRS, which was interested, on the prevention level, in the noise
      emitted during normal operation of the machine, and that of the "pneurop" code promoters,
      who were more interested in the noise of  the machine itself (during the tests,  the
      mechanical force of the machine was released beneath a soundproofing casing).
     Translated and  transcribed from the original,
                                                    117

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Subsequently, the suppliers'  doubts were overcome after information was provided,
and they even accepted for the most part,  the idea of lending their full range of  tools
to the INRS.  In total, 17 drills,  8 straight grinders and 10 surfacing grinders
were reviewed and subjected to tests.   These tests consisted of:

      -  mechanical:  measurement, as a  function of  rotating  speed,  of couple  (from
 which the mechanical  power is  derived), and  of compressed air consumption;
      -  acoustic:  measurement  of the noise pressure  level at the working area  and
 evaluation  of acoustic force during operation of  the tools  when empty  and during
 two  types of operations:  cast-iron trimming and  grinding of mechanically welded
 structures.
 4,   CONTINUATION OF THE STUDY
 The  results are  in the process of  being communicated to  the suppliers  and manufacturers
 for  purposes of  information and possible comments,   A report will  be prepared  for
 publication in "Work  and  Safety",  if possible before the end of 1976.
                                                118

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                                                     Metal Working Machinery
                                                     France
Project Title:
                Noise From Manufacture of Metal Packing  Cases
Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
  INRS
  30, Rue Olivier Noyer
  75680 Paris Cedex 14
  France
                                             Sponsoring OrganLzalion Name & Address
Principal J'nvest Lgntor (a) :
  A. Damongeot
>tort Date:
   est.
   1975
       Completion Dale:
          Estimated   1977
          Actual
Type




of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype
Production)
Measurement; Methodology
Funding :
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
pub1, i cat ion. )
                                        1976 (actual):
                                        1977 (budget):
                                        1978 (forecast):
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
   1.
ORIGIN AND REASONS FOR THE STUDY
        This type of factory generally contains several noise sources:   operation of
   rapid cutting presses, striking of metal boxes against each other or against various
   obstacles, pneumatic exhausts, etc.  Often, the noise ambience is further aggravated
   by too great a density of machines.

   2.   CONTENTS OF THE STUDY

        Within the framework of activities of the CRAM, the INRS has already been invited
   to participate in the study of soundproofing devices for a metal packing case manufacturing
   factory in the region of NANCY.
        Similar work has been done by the Rennes Bank.
        However, the knowledge obtained concerning soundproofing in factories,  where metal
   packing cases are manufactured remains fragmentary.  It is of interest to examine the
   question on a more general level (manufacturing process, design of the factories, machine
   soundproofing, etc.) and to strike a balance in relation to the soundproofing possibilities,
   a balance which can be based on actual models.

   3.   STATE OF PROGRESS
   4.
This study can be considered  half-finished.

CONTINUATION OF THE STUDY
        Since it is being conducted part-time because of a heavy workload,  it would be
   continued in 1976, with a  possible spillover into 1977.
                                                  119

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                                                           Metal Working Machinery
                                                           France
   Projort  T.I.tit.-:
                  Noise  From Turning Lathes
   Performing Organization Name & Address:
 INRS
 30,  Rue Olivier Noyer
 75680 Paris Dedex 14
 France
   Principal Investigator (s) :
 M. T.  Ho
 H. Leblond
 G. Andre
   Start  Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                      Sponsoring Organization Nome  &  Address:
                                 Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development  (Component or System)
     Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype.
     Production)
     Measurement  Methodology
   Project Summary:  (Briefly describe  the
   goals,  approach, expected or actual  results,
   report(s)  generated and the date(s)  of
   publication.)
               Funding:
Year                     Amount
T97&  (actual):
1977  (budget):
1978  (forecast):

Or_ Total Funding  Amount:

COMMENTS:
 1.  REASONS FOR THE STUDY
The level of noise in screw cutting plans often exceeds 95  db  (A)  by  quite  a  bit,  as  a  sono-
metric study, the results of which were presented in an article  which appeared  in  the Docu-
mentary Notebooks, no.  55,  of the second trimester of 1969,  has  shown.   It  therefore  appeared
to be a good idea to study the noise of these machines.
2.  CONTENTS OF THE STUDY
The noise comes from the lathe,  but it also  often comes from the rubbing and  striking of  the
bars against the guide.   Such a study should take into account on  the one hand  tests  on silent
guide-bar tubes and coverings, the perfection of more effective  devices  if  the  ones available on
the market are not sufficiently effective, and on the other  hand tests on reducing the  noise of
the lathe itself.  All  these tests have not  been undertaken  by the INRS,  because the  Screw
Cutting Technical Center (CTDEC) is conducting a similar study.
3.  STATE OF PROGRESS
The CTDEC study conducted in collaboration with the CNRS of  Marseilles is practically finished,
It has made it possible for the CTDEC to perfect a cheaper device,  to conduct a comparative
study on tubes being sold on the market, and to propose an original test code to the  AFNOR.  For
its part, the INRS has  studied the noise of  an automatic lathe manufactured in  France,  In
relation to this lathe,  a gain of 15 db (A)  was obtained by  uncoupling the  sear box and adapting
its housing.  Furthermore,  a series of tests has been undertaken in the  screw cutting plants of
the Cluses region toward the end of determining the effect of reverberation in  the plants and the
arrangement of the lathes on the noise level in the plant.
4.  CONTINUATION OF THE STUDY
Various noise-reducing  devices for guide bar tubes are now available,  so it is  a good idea to
study the best practical manner of using them to obtain a notable  reduction in  noise  in screw
cutting plants.  This study will be undertaken in conjunction with the Prevention  Service of
the CRAM in Lyon.  A pilot model could be envisioned in the  Cluses region.  It  will be  under-
taken in collaboration  with the Rhone Alpes  Health Insurance Regional Bank.
 Translated  and  transcribed  from  the original.
                                                  120

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                                                                       Metal Working Machinery
                                                                       Poland
 Project Title:
 Performing  Organization  Name  &  Address:
Instytut Obrobki Skrawaniem
Ul. Wroclawska 37a 30-011
Krakow, Poland
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal  Investigator(s):

R. Sniechowski, D.  Sc.  Ing.
 Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
goals, approach,  expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or  Total  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
          We conduct the research on noise  abatement of machine tools and have
          had very good results so far.

          There are also some other Institutes  in Poland co-operating with us
          on these matters.
  Transcribed from the original
                                                  121

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                                                                      Metal Working Machinery
                                                                      United Kingdom
Project Title:
                   Reduction of Noise From the Operation of Machine Tools
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Machine Tool Industry Research Association
Hutley Road
Macclesfield, Cheshire  SK10 2NE
United Kingdom
Principal Investigator (s):

G.M. Tomlin
D. Hartley
Start Date:

   1970
Completion Date:
   Estimated    ±978
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                               Department of Industry,  Research Requirements  Board;
                               UK Machine Tool Industry (MTIRA Member Companies)
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or  Total  Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
Noise measurement methods, UK and international regulations, standard tests and conditions:
developed BS 4813:1972; collected noise data from different types of machine tool; preparing
draft standards for machines when cutting.  Generation, transmission and radiation of noise
in mechanisms and design techniques for noise reduction: developing techniques for identifying
noise sources; current work on structural design - methods of damping,  etc.  Noise generated
by cutting processes and its suppression; examination of machines to identify contribution
made by cutting process; examination of parameters involved in cutting  process which influence
noise.  Methods of treatment for existing noisy mechanisms: identification of high-noise
mechanisms and methods of treatment.  Transfer of technology to, and liaison with, industry.


Publications:

MTIRA notes on machine noise
Proceedings MTIRA Conference, 1973

The reduction of noise from machine tools
G.M. Tomlin and D. Hartley
Proceedings 15th International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference
Birmingham, 1974 Macmillan, 1975

A survey of the noise levels of machine tools
D. Hartley, A. Colder, N.D. Cirtu and R. Dimitriu
Proceedings 16th International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference
Manchester, 1975, Macmillan, 1976
Transcribed from the original.
                                                   122

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                                                  Metal  Working Machinery
                                                  West  Germany
Project  Title:
              Noise Generation By Cutting Torches and Flame Cutters
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Planck Institute for  Flow Research
Goettingen,  Boettingerstr. 6-8
West  Germany
                                    Sponsoring Organization  Name & Address:
                                    Messer  Griesheim  GMBH
                                    Frankfurt
                                    West Germany
Principal  Investigator(s):

Dr.  Albrecht  Dinkelacker
Start  Date:
May 1,1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual  Apr.30,1976
Project  Summary:  (Briefly describe  the
goald, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                            Funding:
                               Year
                               1976  (actual):
                               1977  (budget):
                               1978  (forecast):
                                                                    Amount
                                             Or Total  Funding Amount:

                                             COMMENTS:
                   Measurement of  the noises  created  by cutting  and flaming

       in order  to find  out how and  why these noises occur and  to search

       for ways  of reducing them.
Translated and  transcribed from  the original.
                                              123

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                                                         Metal Working Machinery
                                                          West Germany
 Project Title:
                   Advance  Computation of Noise Dosage Distribution in "Plant Hangars
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
Institute for Industrial Plant Installations
Hannover Technical University
Hannover, Welfengarten 1
West Germany
                         Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
                       Society  for  Space  Exploration
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Start  Date:

Jan.l,  1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
June 30,
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                    Type of Research Program:
                         Fundamental
                         Development  (Component or  System)
                         Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
                         Production)
                         Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                    Year
                    1976 (actual):
                    1977 (budget):
                    1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
             A computer program is being developed with which noise maps (graphic represen-

     tation  of the  distribution of the estimated noise level) with adequate precision can be

     prepared in advance for  the installations of the sheet metal processing industry

     (elevated pulse-like  emission values)..   Parallel to that, a program is being developed

     for  production oriented  layouts,  (machine positioning maps) which can be used together

     with the noise map program.
     Translated and  transcribed from the original.
                                                 124

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                                             Metal Working Machinery
                                             Abbreviated Listings

Norway.  Noise Reduction  in  the Machine Tool Industry.   SINTEF,  The
Laboratory of Acoustics,  ELAB, Universitetet I Trondheim,  7034 Trondheim,
Norway.  Jan. 1,  1976.  Close cooperation with 17 Norwegian firms with
the aim of improving  the  physical working environment.

United Kingdom.  Reduction in Noise  in Foundries.  Health and Safety
Executive, London, United Kingdom.   1977.

West Germany.  Improvement of Working Conditions in Cleaning Rooms  of
Foundries.  Burdeurs, c/o DFVLR  (GRW), Koeln, West Germany.  Sponsor:
Federal Ministry for  Research and Development.  1975 - 1977.

West Germany.  Study  of Noise Impact and Its Reduction in Sheet  Metal
Industry.  Thyssem, AG, 40 DFVLR  (GRW), Koeln, West Germany.  Federal
Ministry for Research and Development.  1974 - 1976.


 West  Germany.    Noise  of Machine Tools Used for  Removal of
 Material  (Basic Studies of Types of  Machines,  Statistical  Prop-
 erties, Limitation of  the Noise Level).   The  Rhine-Westphalia
 Tech.  Sch.  of Aachen,  Machine  Research  Service,  Wuellnerstrasse  5,
 5100  Aachen, West Germany.

West Germany.  Measures for Reducing the noise of Sheet Metal Processing
Machines.  Heinrich Gillet KG,  6732  Edenkoben, Post Fach 100, An der
Bundesstrasse  38, West Germany.

West Germany.  Noise  Reduction  in Machine Tools.  Technical University
of Hanover, Hanover,  West Germany.   Prof. Toenshoff.  Sponsor:   German
Research Council, Federal Ministry of Research & Development.  1973 -1977.

West Germany.  Noise  Reduction  in Rolling Mills, Furnaces, Saws.  Research
Institute of VdEH, Duesseldorf, West Germany.  Sponsor:  European Community
for Coal and Steel, Federal Ministry for Research and Development.   1975 -
1978.

West Germany.  Improvement of Working Conditions for Welders.  Federal
Cooperation of Welders, Duesseldorf, West Germany.  Sponsor:  Federal
Ministry for Research and Development, State Ministry Work, Health  and
Social Affairs, Duesseldorf, West Germany.  1976.
                                     125

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  MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT




OTHER INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
               127

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                                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                       Australia
Project Title:
            Attenuation  of Low Frequency Sound in  Ducts  with  Flow.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
University of Adelaide
South Australia 5001
     Sponsoring Organization
                                                                    Address:
                                 Department of Silence
                                 Australian Government Research Grant
                                 P.O. Box 449, Woden, A.C.T., Australia 260
Principal Investigator(s):

David Alan Bies
Christopher Robert Fuller
Start Date:

March 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated May 1978
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development  (Component or System)
     Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Year
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                 ($ 2,000.) $ 2,220.
                                                 ($ 6,000.) $ 6,660.
                                                 ($20,000.) $22,200.
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
The aim of this project is to develop acoustic reactive attenuators  for use in ducts with flow.
The research program is basically a theoretical predictor  of  the performance of the attenuator
followed by experimental investigation of  a scale model.   An  attenuator which fits into a
90° bend in the duct system has been investigated theoretically and  experimentally without flow
and was found to provide attenuation of 10 dB   over  3/4 of an octave for frequencies less than
the cut-off of the (1,0) mode.

Present work is to experimentally confirm a theory which predicts  how the attenuator will per-
form with flow.  Investigation is also being carried  out on a reactive attenuator which utilizes
delay lines and could be used in high speed circular  ducts.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  129

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                                                         Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                         Canada
i'roject Title:
                  Noise  from  Compressor Stations

i'f/.'forming Org.-in i/.at ion  Naini1 & Address:

    E. Bolstand Engineering
    Edmonton, Alberta
    Canada
Principal Inves tigator (s):
Start Date:
.'.ugust 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated   November  1977
   Actual
                                      Sponsoring  Organization  Name  & Address :

                                      Alberta Environment
                                      9820 - 106  Str.
                                      Edmonton, Alberta
                                      T5K 2J6   Canada
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or  System)
	X_  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
_X_  Measurement  Methodology
Project Summary:  (Briefly descrJbe the
•oals,  approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
,- ublication. )
                                              Funding:
                                J.ear_                    Amount
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                     C$20,000)  $18,856
                                               _0r_ Total Funding Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
         Purpose of the study - to develop  a set of criteria  for  control  of  noine
                                eminating from oil and gas compressor  and  pumping
                                stations and processing plants including typical
                                noise control treasures to be required  and  basic
                                procedures for rr.onitoring the  noise climate around
                                the plant. The documentation is expected to be particularly
                                useful to the Standards and Approvals  Division in evaluating
                                license applications for new construction  and to the
                                Pollution Control Division in  evaluating complaints.

                                The project will basically involve an  examination of the
                                range of plant sizes and types typically used in Alberta,
                                selection of a suitable scin-ple or  samples  to  be studied in
                                each category, field investigation of  the  noise climate
                                surrounding the selected samples and the principle  sources
                                of noise in each case, and development of  a handbook which
                                will enable licensing and enforcement  officers to quickly
                                evaluate potential and/or actual noise problems.

                                The handbook would be expected to  contain  tables of data in
                                respect to sound sources and attenuation devices, and  a
                                calculation procedure  for predicting the overall result.  The
                                procedure would be adaptable to a  short computer or calculator
                                program.
                                                  130

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                                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                       Denmark
Project Title:

 Noise  Reduction  Methods in  Existing Concrete Component  Factories.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Enviroplan A/S
7 Rustenborg vej
DK-2800 Lyngby
Denmark
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                     Betonelement-Foreningen
                                     (The Danish Precast  Concrete Federation)
                                     106 N.  Voldgade
                                     DK-1358 Copenhagen K
Principal Investigator(s):

Enviroplan A/S
Start Date:
Sept. 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated    Feb.
   Actual
                                    1978
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:  approx.  $50,000

                                               COMMENTS: Partly financed by public  funds
Pilot project aiming at:

     a)  Localizing noise sources and  the transmission of noise in plant equipment.
     b)  Measuring noise  impact  levels.
     c)  Calculating means of  noise reduction.
     d)  Executing noise  reduction changes in noise transmission ways of machinery.
     e)  Check resulting  noise impact  levels.
Transcribed from the  original.
                                                 in

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                                                                     Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                     Finland
Proiect Title:

            Paper  Machine Noise.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Institute of  Occupational Health
 Laajaniityntie  1
 01620 Vantaa  62
 Finland
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

 P.  U.  Lehtinen
 Jukka  Starck
Start Date:

 Jan.  1,  1972
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
6,  1977
             Type of Research Program:

             ___ Fundamental
                  Development (Component or System)
             X	 Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
                  Production)
             	 Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)

 The aim of  the  study was to measure  the
 noise levels  in halls where paper machines
 are operated  and to determine the paper
 machine and hall characteristics which affect
 the noise.  A total of nine machines and halls
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                 Or  Total Funding Amount:  (20,000  Fmk)   $4,900

                                 COMMENTS:
                                were included  in the investigation.
 The study  was  a  part of  the preparatory work of the Committee on Security Regulations for Paper
 Machines.   The Committee's report to the National Board of Labor Protection led to the
 establishment  of safety  regulations for paper machines in 1975.

 The airborne' noise was measured and analyzed with a 1/3 octave real-time analyzer at the
 distances  of 1,  2, 4, 8, and 16 meters from the headbox and the press section, at the middle
 of the  predryer  section  and at the machine calender or pope reel.   Moreover the noise at the
 trimming refiners, vacuum pumps and winders, and also in the control room, was measured.

 Reverberation  times were measured and analyzed in octave bands in the wet and dry sections of
 the hall.

 After the  report to the  Committee the noise caused by a newer and more silent Finnish paper
 machine was measured.  In the present study the results are compared to those from the other
 machines and also to the noise limits in the safety Regulations for paper machines.  The
 comparison shows that the noise levels in paper machine halls can be lowered to meet the
 limits  in  the  regulations for paper machines, except in the area of the suction rollers.
 Currently  in Finland procedures for lowering the noise in the area of these rollers to a level
 below the  noise  limit (90 dB) that becomes effective on 1 January 1980 are not available in
 all cases.

 Finally the sources of the highest noise levels are revealed and some recommendations on the
 lowering of noise levels are presented.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                   132

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                                                                        Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                        Japan
 Proiect  Title:
                 Super-Quiet  Fan.
 Performing  Organization Name  & Address:

 Sumitomo Precision Productions  Co.  Ltd.
 6j2 Chome,  Nishinagasu-hondori
 Amagasaki,  Japan
                 Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal  Investigator (s) :


 K.  Funada
 Start  Date:
 March 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Mar-
   Actual
            Type of Research Program:
                 Fundamental
                 Development  (Component or System)
                 Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
                 Production)
                 Measurement Methodology
1 07S
 Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated  and  the date(s) of
 publication.)
Target
                          Funding:
            Year                    Amount
            1976  (actual):          $70,000
            1977  (budget):          $10,000
            1978  (forecast):        $10,000
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
Specific Sound Level
Conventional
45 ~ 55 dBA
Target
,ndBA
30 I'M AX)
.
Fan Dia.
3 FT
4FT
5FT


Static Press X Air Qnt'y
12mmAq X 500 m3/min-2
12mmAqX 900 m3/min-
IZmmAq X 1400 m3/min
expected ;:,-,?
NaifiL£_L_£y_el,
57 dBA
, dBA
i5
71dBA
Actual -;-3
l^oisf Lpvpl
5 4 dBA
62dBA
68dBA
Specific
_S_Qiind ,L evel_
27>5dBA
27.5dBA
27.5dBA
                               = LA - 10 log(Pt2Q) + 10 log (4.r) * 20 log(l.5D)
                         Specific Sound Level  :    LS    (dBA)
                                  Noise Level  :    LA    (dBA)
                                  Air Quantiy  :    Q
                                  Total Pressure :  Pt
                 j.\-2.Normal  m3/min
                 'S?3 Measuring Po.int
                             i     I     i
                       v ^—  /
                       (normal m3/min)
                       (mm Aq)
 Transcribed  from the original.
                                                    133

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                                                                   Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                                   Janan
Project Title:
        Noise Reduction and Prediction System for Thermal Power  Plants
Performing Organization Name & Address:
   Nimura Laboratory
   Faculty of Engineering
   Tohoku University
   Aoba Aramaki, Sendai,  Japan
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     Tohoku Electric Power  Co.
                                     7-1  1 Bancho, Sendai,  Japan
Principal Investigator(s):

   T. Nimura,  S.  Kono,   M.  Yuzawa,
   T. Sone,  T. Negoro et al
Start Date:

April, 1971
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Sept.  1979
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
 x   Development  (Component  or System)
_x_  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                               Year
                                               1976 (actual):
                                               1977 (budget):
                                               1978 (forecast):
                                                        Amount
                                                   (¥    800,000)
                                                   (¥  1,000,000)
                                                   (¥  1,000,000)
                                   $2,937
                                   $3,671
                                   $3,671
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
GOALS;
1.  We aim to make it possible to design the
  power plants which have little effect
  relating to noise on surrounding community.
2.  The integrated calculating system for noise from power  plants  is  to  be  prepared.  Manv  factor--
  will be included in this work such as the treatment of  composite  noise  sources, excess
   attenuations,  source identification and  others.
3.  We aim to improve the working environment  by reducing noise  level inside power  plants.

APPROACH;
1.  Measuring the power level of noise generated from various  installations in power  plants.
   ( " NOISE REDUCTION FOR THERMAL POWER PLANT  "    Technical Report of Tohoku Electric Power  Co.
    No. 71027   March, 1972  )
2.  Estimating the attenuation by a duct with  large opening and  a  sound  insulation  wall  used  as  a
  countermeasure against power plant noise.
3.  Establishing the calculating system for the accurate  prediction of composite  noise from power
  plants.
RESULTS;
1.  We established the calculating method of noise attenuation through large intake and  exhaust
  system.  We set up those system to several power plants and  the  expected  attenuations  were
  obtained.   ( " NOISE REDUCTION OF 180° BEND IN VENTILATING  DUCT "   By T.  Negoro et al.
  Trans.  I.E.E.J.  Vol. 94-C,  No.11  1974 )
2.  We established the calculating method of noise attenuation by  barriers  ( knife  edge,  right-
  angled edge and multiple barriers etc. ).   ( " NOISE REDUCTION  BY  VARIOUS SHAPES OF BARRIERS  "
  Inter Noise 75  1975  )   ( " SOUND ATTENUATION BY MULTIPLE  BARRIERS WITH KNIFE AND/OR RIGHT-
  ANGLED EDGES "   By M. Yuzawa et al     Jour. Acoust.  Soc. Japan   Vol.31 No.9  )
3.  The integrated calculating system for noise from power  plants  was prepared and  its availa-
  bility was ascertained in the trial stage from the comparison between  calculated  and measured
  level of noise in an exisiting power plant.   But  its accuracy is  to be  improved  in successive
  study.     ( " NOISE REDUCTION SYSTEM FOR PLANNING ON THERMAL POWER  PLANT  "   By  T. Nimura  et  al
  INCE/JAPAN  Technical Report    Decem. 1976  )
                                                   134

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                                                                   Other  Industrial  Equipment
                                                                   Japan
 Proicct Title:

    A  Study  on Prevention of  Factory Noise and  Vibration.
-Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Noise Section,  Research  Institute for
 Environmental Protection
 Toyko Metropolitan Government
 7-2,  Yurakucho,  Chiyoda-ku
 Tokyo,  Japan           	      	
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name 6. Address:
                                 Tokyo  Metropolitan Government
                                 1-5-3  Manunochi, Chiyoda-ku
                                 Tokyo, Japan
 Principal Investigator (s) :

 Takashi Takayama
 Start Date:
 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated  1980
   Actual
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication. )
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                  (S 5,400,000)   $19,823
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
 The following  items will be studied aiming at the effectiveness of the  prevention of factory
 noise by building  and room structures.

 1.   Compare the  sound-insulating characteristics in cases where the noise  sources are radio
     speakers and the actual machines.

 2.   Effect  of  leaked noise (for example, through a crevice')  on the noise insulation.

 3.   Effect  of  opened areas such as windows and doors on noise insulation.

 4.   Combine items  1, 2, and 3, and investigate a formula to  assess outdoor noise level.
   Translated and transcribed from the original Japanese.

                                                   135

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                                                             Other Industrial  Equipment
                                                             Norway
'co jocL T 5 Lie:
 crJot.iiii.ng
Noise in Food-Processing Industry

               Addrei.u:
                   .on Name:
            Nat.  inst. of  Techn.
            P. box  81 16 -Oslo dep. ,
            Oslo  1
            Norway
.'rincipnJ Investigator(s) :

            Hans  Fjerdingstad
.tart Date:

  1  Jan.197'
Completion Pate:
   Intimated
   Actual
 roj<-ct Sumaary:   (Briefly dc.ycrJbc tlic
•^iln, approach,  expected or  actual results,
•„ cport (") generated and the date(s) of
,ubljcation.)
    1.  Noise  survey of  industry,
       including  measurements  of prod-
       uction  halls acoustical properties.
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name  << AJf.'rcss:
                                   Norges Tekniske-naturvitenskapelige
                                   Forskni ngsrSd, NTNF.
                                   Gaus tadall e'en 3b
                                   Oslo 3,  Norway.
                              Type of Research 1'ro^iai-i:


                                   Fundamental
                              _X	  Development (Coiupoiirat or System)
                               X    Demon:>' r.'ition (Experiraental,  1'rotorypo, ci
                                   Production)
                              	Mea&urorient MethodoJc-yy
                              Year                   Araoimt
                              Y975"  (actual ) :( N k r .  70 ."OOOl" $13188
                              197V  (budget).
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                                                              Other Industrial Equipment
                                                              Norway
                   Noise in Fish-Refinery  Industry
   oriiinc Oo'anJ/..ition Name & Address:
   National  jnst. of  Technology
   p.box 8116-Oslo dep.  Oslo  1 ,
   Norway.
 iiu-ip.il Investigator(s):
   Knut Finsveen
   Hans Fjerdingstad
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   ActualJJJL
r.oj I:  Date:

Jan,1.1976

;ojoct Sura^iary:  (Brief]y describe the
^a.ls, approach, expected or actual results,
f.port(s) generated and the date(s) of
•..MicaLion.)
     SporisoLxn£  Oi'(>irij nation Kaino &  Add: o,c
 Norges  Fiskeriforskningsr§d  (NFFR)
 P.b.  1853
7001  Trondheim,  Norway.
T>po of ilecearcli  Program:

     Fundamental
 X   Development  (Component or System)
 X   Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
              Fuiidiug:
Ye_a_r                   Amount
1976 (actual):  (Nkr  110<000)  $20724
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):
                                           Or Total Funding  Amount

                                           COMMENTS:
                                                 . 100.000)  $18840

                                                         r7iofr	
                                                         .  260.000)
    1.  Noise reduction on  fish -.filet - machinery.

    2.  Planning  an "ideal"  acoustical  environment  for fish  -  filet  production
        halls.
                                                 137

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                                                                 Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                 Sweden
Prpiect -Title:
     Less  Noisy  Consolidation Methods  For Production of  Concrete Elements.
Performing Organisation Name & Address:

       1FM Akustikbyran AB
       Warfvinges vag 26
       S-112 51  Stockholm,  Sweden
Principal Investigator(s):

       Lars Holmberg
Start Date:

1 April 1977
               Cor-p] c-Licn Date:
                  Estimated
                  Actual
Project Suii.marj :   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the datc(s) of
publication.)
      Sponsoring Organi/.arion Name & Address:
  Swedish Work Environmental Fund
  (Arbetar sky do's namnden)
  Sveavagen 166
	S^113,Ji6	St_qckhp_lTn,__Sweden	
 T.ypc of Research Prograr:
         j'amciital
         .'1 option I (Component ot System)
      Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,
      Production)
      Measurcmcat Methodology
               Fund Lag:
 Year                    AiiiounL
 Ty/G (actual) :           "
 1977 (budge!-)' (part 1  525,000 SwCrs)  $118,282.
 1978 (forccc.su):

 Or_ Total  Fundins]  Amount:

 COMiMhNTS:
 The goals of the project are to develop less noisy consolidation methods
 for production of  concrete elements.  Part 1 of the project  is  divided into
 two sections. In section 1 investigation of present technologies for  production
 of concrete elements will be done.  Section 2 includes  collection of external
 information and development of a model of the mould filled with fresh concrete
 during consolidation. In later parts of the project optimal  consolidation  data
 for concrete will be determined and tests with new consolidation methods will  be
 performed. Reports will be published continuously from November 1977  and onwards.
                                                138

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                                                                   Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                   Sweden
  Proiect Title:

      Noise  Reduction  at Painting  Spray Guns.
.--.Performing Organization Name & Address:

   The Swedish  Institute  of Production
   Engineering  Research
   Molndalsvagen 85
   412 85 Goteborg
   Sweden
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
  Principal Investigator(s):

   Christer  Bramberger
  Start Date:

  Jan.  1,  1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Jan.  3,  1978
   Actual
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                                Funding:
  Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
  goals, approach, expected or actual results,
  report(s) generated and the date(s) of
  publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                    $43,934
                                                 Or Total  Funding Amount:  (195,000 Skr)  $43,934

                                                 COMMENTS:
  The aim of the project is to investigate the  noise  emission of spray guns in order to find
  out the origin of the noise.  Some new theories  for quieter spray guns will be tested out
  and this information will be helpful for the  manufacturers of spray guns.  All the practical
  tests are done with reference to the quality  of  the painted surface.
  Transcribed  from the original.
                                                     139

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                                                                      Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                      Sweden
Project Title:
               Noise Control  of Machines  for  Production  of Concrete  Products.
Performing Orgaru zation Nn;ne 6. Address:

     IFM Akustikbyran AB
     Warfvinges  vag 26
     S-112 51  Stockholm, Sweden
 •[•jncip.il Invest Jgator (s) :


     Lars Holniberg
 tart Date:

  Jan 1978
Complet i on Da t e:
   Estimated 30 June 1979
   Actual
 'reject SuiiiPiiry:   (ilriefly describe the
 oaJs,  appro,icli,  expected or actual results,
 eporl.(u)  jjC.ii'1 a; ed  and the datc(s) of
 ubl icat ioi.. )
                                      Sponsoring Organi/at ion Name  £.  Address:

                                   Swedish Work Environmental Fund
                                   (Arbetarskyddsriamnden)
                                   Sveavagen 166
                                   S-113 U 6  Sweden
Type of Research  Program:

     Fundament a]
 x   Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Produc tion)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                               Funding:
                                Year
                                V//6  (actual) :
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast) :
                                                                        Amount
                                                                              goo 7 9 S
                                               _0_r_ Tota]  Funding  Amount: (150.000 few Crs( forecast ))
                                               COMMENTS:
         This  project  is a part of a long-time project concerning noise control
         of machines for production of concrete products. The work was started
         in 1971 with  a   survey ana since then different machines have been
         investigated  and noise control measures have been developed. This part
         of the work will deal with machines for production of large concrete
         pipes, machines for production of  tiles  and noise control  of  existing
         machinery  for production  of concrete  elements.

         Reports  will  be  published continuously  from approx.  April  1978  and  onwards.
                                                    140

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                                                                     Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                     United Kingdom  	
Project Title,-eductlon  of Noise Emission from  Paper  and  Board  Machines.
Performing Organisation Name 6 Address:

    PIRA
    Randalls Road
    Leatherhead
    Surrey KT22 7RU  England
                                     Sponsoring Organization Nar.ie  I  Address:

                                     PIRA Members
                                     Department of Industry
Principal Investigator(s):

    E R Gates
    P G Burkitt plus
    sub-contractors
Start Date:
    Feb 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated March 1978
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

 jj	  Fundamental
     Development (Component or System)
     Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast;
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:(£45,000 sterling) $77,382.

                                               COMMENTS:
    Goals 1     Identify and quantify the principal sources of noise in paper and board  making
                machines.

          2     Propose appropricite actions for reducing noise emission in the immediate,
                short and longer term.

    Programme:  Use cross-correlation and coherence techniques to identify and quantify
                noise sources.

                If these techniques are  not  successful in a highly reverberant machine
                house, simpler methods, such as running parts of a machine if possible,  will
                be tried.

                The actions recommended for reducing noise levels will depend on the results
                of the first part of the programme.

    Reports;    A report will be issued at the end of the project, but its circulation will
                be decided by the Department of Industry and PIRA at a later date.
                                                  141

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                                                                     Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                     United Kingdom
Project Title:  Industrial  Noise:   Investigation  of Noise Generated  in Materials
                Handling Systems.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Production Engineering Research Association
Melton Mowbray
Leicestershire LE13 OPB
United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     Department of Industry
Principal Investigator(s):
K. Healiss
Start Date:

Aug. 1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated Tnnp iq7fi
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:  $17,196.- $42,990
                                               —	
                                               COMMENTS:
 To  identify major sources of noise in materials  handling systems and recommend the most cost-
 effective measures to reduce noise from these sources  to an acceptable level, in conjunction
 with a number of industrial users and manufacturers  of material handling equipment.  The
 investigation will continue and the results  of the noise control measure will be monitored.
 Transcribed  from the original.
                                                142

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                                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                       United Kingdom
Project. Title:  Oscillations in  Supersonic  Flow  in a Duct Following an  Abrupt
                Change in  Cross-Section.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
The City University,
St. John Street, London, EC1V 4PB;  and
The Max-Planck-Institut fUr StrBmungsforschun
D  3400 GBttingen,
Bbttingerstrasse.
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                     NATO Brussels
                                      (Part  Sponsor)
Principal Investigator(s):
Dr. J.S. Anderson  (T.C.U.);
Dr. W.M. Jungowski;
Dr. G.E.A. Meier (M.P.I.).
Start Date:

August 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated    1978
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
 	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)

     The aim is to perform a fundamental
experimental and theoretical investigation
of large amplitude oscillations in super-
sonic flow in  a rectangular duct.    The
oscillations occur in a duct downstream of an
              Funding:
Year                    Amount
1976 (actual):          $5000
1977 (budget):          $4000
1978 (forecast):        $2000
                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
                              abrupt change in section.
     The main tool of the experimental approach is  a Mach-Zehnder  interferometer which is used
to visualize the flow.   High-speed films can also  be taken  and  can be  synchronised with piezo-
electric pressure transducers on the walls of the duct.

     The results show that there are several  types  of oscillations which can occur.  The two
najor types are a base pressure oscillation and a shock-pattern  oscillation.   In the former
there is a variation in the position and strength of a normal  shock during a cycle.   In the
latter there is a cyclical change from a normal to  an oblique  shock system.   The oscillations
produce considerable external noise.

     It is intended that the project will be  indirectly  of help  in describing the flow and
noise produced in pressure reducing valves, supersonic diffusers,  and aircraft propelling
nozzles.

Publication;

J.S. Anderson, W.M. Jungowski, W.J. Killer and G.E.A.  Meier,

Flow oscillations in a duct with a rectangular cross-section,
Journal of Fluid Mechanics (1977) 79,  pt. 4,  pp. 769-784.
                                                   143

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                                                                     Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                     United Kingdom
Project Title:

      Electromagnetically Induced Vibrations in  Rotating Electrical Machines.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

      University of Nottingham,
      University Park,
      Nottingham.
      United Kingdom
                                                    Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

      Dr. K. J. Bradley
      Professor A. Wright
      Mr. Abd El-Kader
Start Date:
Jan.  9,  1976
               Completion Date:
                  Estimated Jan. 9. 1979
                  Actual
                                               Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development  (Component or System)
     Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
Year
1976 (actual):   $859
1977 (budget):   $860.
1978 (forecast):$860.
                                                                       Amount
                                               0£ Total Fundiug Amount:( C1500 ) $2,579.

                                               COMMENTS: Excluding salaries  and computation
                                              	e xpenses.
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)

      A detailed investigation is being con-
 ducted into  the parameters affecting the
 levels of the electromagnetically induced
 vibrations in machines.   The ultimate aim
 is  to develop design procedures, and determine the manufacturing tolerances  necessary  to
 achieve  a low vibration specification.   The  work stemmed from industrial  contact with Y-ARD,  Lti'
 concerning machines for particular applications.
      Presently, both experimental and theoretical investigations are in progress.    Experimental
 work  is  being conducted on a specially constructed rig capable of testing  motors over  a wide
 speed range  at  loadings up to 45 kW with negligible vibration introduced from the load machine
                The experimental programme includes a study of the effects  produced  by  rotor
 eccentricity, as well as providing data for correlation with the results of  the  theoretical
 investigation.
      The basis  of the computational analysis  is an operational model of the  machine in which
 account  is taken of the effects of teeth and  of saturation, and electromagnetic  conditions  must
 be  determined to a degree of accuracy which is acceptable in engineering terms.   This develop-
 ment  is  an extension of an existing computational facility of proven accuracy for determining
 the performance of machines when operating under fault conditions,  or from non-sinusoidal
 supplies.
                                                   144

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                                                                         Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                         United Kingdom	
 Project Title:   Reduction of  Noise From Large Boiler Flues,
.-Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Rupert Taylor & Partners Ltd.
 113 Westbourne Grove
 London W2 4UP
 United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                     S. W. Thames Regional Health Authority
                                     London
-Principal Investigator (s):

  Rupert Taylor
 Start Date:

  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
 Type of Research Program:

 	  Fundamental
  X   Development (Component or  System)
 	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
      Production)
 	  Measurement Methodology
               1977.
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
               Funding:
 Year                    Amount
 1976 (actual):
 1977 (budget):
 1978 (forecast):

 Or Total Funding Amount: (-i3,000)   $5,159.

 COMMENTS: Work carried out in a consultancy
	capacity  (  t40,000)  $68,784	
  Design of  reactive attenuators for reduction of noise below 100 Hz  from 15,000 Ib/hr. boilers.
  Stage 1)   construction of 1:6 scale model of boiler flue system.
        2)   design  of reactive attenuators, and model testing.
        3)   Installation of full scale units.

  Actual results:   10 dB reduction between 50 Hz and 100 Hz in attenuators 1 metre  long.
  Transcribed from the original.
                                                   145

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                                                                     Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                     United Kingdom
Project Title:
                  Industrial  Noise:   Investigation of  Suitable Materials  for
                  Sound  Absorption  and Sound Insulation in  Sterile Plant.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Production Engineering Research Association
Melton Mowbray
Leicestershire LE13  OPB
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:

                                      Department of Industry
Principal Investigator(s):
K. Healiss
Start Date:
May 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated  March 1977
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

_____  Fundamental
	  Development (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               ~           ~             (llD.TJOO  - £ Z570007
                                               Or Total runding Amount:  $17  195 _ 42 990
                                               COMMENTS:
To investigate the suitability of materials and material combinations for noise control  in  sterile
environments such as the food,  drinks  and pharmaceutical industries, where sterilisation can
affect such materials and the materials themselves could contaminate the products.

It involves the evaluation and testing of various materials and material combinations.   The
environmental requirements will be determined in conjunction with works engineers,  chemists
and bacteriologists in the indastries  concerned.  New material combinations investigated
where standard commercial products  are not available and site trials will evaluate the performance
under typical working conditions.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                    146

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                                                                       Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                                       United Kingdom
 Project Title:
                 Self-noise of  Perforate Plate Multiple Helmholtz  Resonator  Type
                 Acoustic  Liners  in Flow Ducts.
 Performing  Organization  Name  & Address:
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research,
The University,
Southampton,
S09 5NH, England.
 Principal  Investigator(s):
Professor P.E. Doak (Supervisor)
P.A. Nelson (Ph.D. student, 1976-)
Ad hoc assistance from Dr. N.A. Halliwell
  (S.R.C. Research Fellow, 1976-)
 Start Date:
1.1.1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated  30.12.1977
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                               Sound Attenuators Ltd., providing  the research
                               studentship  and  I.S.V.R. in-house  cost sharing, with
                               indirect  assistance  from Science Research Council o>
                               laser Doppler  anemometry development.
Type of Research Program:

 X   Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
 X   Measurement Methodology
                                              Fundi> •
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount: (£15,000 (est.))  $25794
                                rnMUFNTc  Estimated Total Funding Amount inclu3es
                                ouMMMUb: 3 years sound Attenuators Ltd. support
                                         fn-r Epfiparrfr Studentship and £5.000
                                         I.S.V.R.  in-house cost-sharing  (with
                                         indirect  S.R.C. support on laser Doppler
                                         instrumentation).
   The project is part of a group of I.S.V.R.
researches on flow/acoustic interactions.
A rotating disk, two-beam Laser Doppler
Velocimeter (LDV) developed at the University'
of Southampton is being used to provide
simultaneous amplitude and phase measurements
of the streamwise and transverse (mean and
fluctuating) particle velocities in the neck
of a Heluholtz resonator which is "singing"
under mean flow excitation.   A pressure probe provides corresponding pressure fluctuation
measurements.   Momentum potential theory (as  yet unpublished)  for determining the source
regions of acoustic and "turbulent" power, and hence identification of the mechanism,  is  being
used.   In initial work, semi-empirical prediction formulas for perforated plate liner self-
noise in flow have been developed.   A preliminary (verbal) report on the work was given  at
the 1976 Spring Meeting of the Institute of Acoustics and a further brief report will  be  made
at the 9th I.C.A., Madrid, July 1977.
                                                  147

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                                                                    Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                                    United Kingdom
Project Title:
Investigation of Acoustic Enclosures.
Performing Organization  Name  c*  Address:

The City University,
St. John Street,
London, EC1V 4PB.
United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name  & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

Dr. J.S. Anderson
Start Date:
1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated   1978
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

 X   Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  cr
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
goals, approach,  expected or  actual  results,
oreport(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
              Funding:
Year                    Amount
1976  (actual):          $ 500 ~
1977  (budget):          $1000
1978  (forecast):
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
     The aims of the project are to consider the different  ways  in which  the  performance  of
an acoustic enclosure may be specified,  to investigate  the  effect  of  using  sound-absorptive
material within the enclosure and to investigate any amplitude-dependent  effects.

     Various methods are used by manufacturers  to specify the  attenuation achieved  by  their
enclosures, and these different methods  have been compared  experimentally in  the current
project.   Also the insertion loss of a  typical commercial  enclosure  has  been measured for
different sound source intensities.   Slight amplitude  dependence  has been  measured  at high
frequencies.
     No reports as yet published.
                                                    148

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                                                                      Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                      United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Velocity-Generated Noise in  Air-Conditioning  Ducts.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Atkins Research and Development
Woodcote Grove
Ashley Road
 Epsom,  Surrey KT18 5BW
 United  Kingdom
                                                    Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
A. Igbal
T.K. Willson
Start Date:
June 1975
               Completion Date:
                  Estimated Dec.  1976
                  Actual
                                               Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                               Year
                                               1976 (actual):
                                               1977 (budget):
                                               1978 (forecast)
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or_ Total Funding Amount:  (-{,5,000. - -610,000.)
                                               COMMENTS:
Modern trends in air-conditioning demand
ever increasing air velocities in ducts,  but
knowledge is limited about the noise from
air passing through duct fittings above a
velocity 200 ft/min.  This project is to  study  the noise, by actual measurements over a wide
range of fittings extended by 12000 to 15000  ft/min. air velocities.  To develop some theory
or generalised correlations which would then  be integrated into computer programs for prediction
and design.
 Transcribed  from the original.
                                                   149

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                                                                   Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                   United Kingdom
Project Title:
                  Control of  Noise  and Vibration.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
National Engineering Laboratory
East Kilbride
Glasgow G75 OQU
United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name {< Address:
                                 Department of Industry
Principal Investigator(s):

 J.  Tweedle
Start Date:

  1960
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
                                                                           (ove~r i 50,OD07
                                                                           $85,980
 To  reduce noise of machinery either at source or by suitable  screening.  This work includes
 both measurement and theoretical prediction of noise levels.   Example of noise reduction
 techniques include the development of acoustic screens,  the investigation of composite
 materials for use as casings and machine structures.   A survey of manufacturing machinery
 is  being carried out to determine principal noise sources and hence  area where maximum
 effort  needs to be applied.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                 150

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                                                                        Other Industrial  Equipment
                                                                        United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Reduction of  Acoustic Noise  in Small Electrical Machines.
Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
 Heriot-Watt  University
 Dept.  of  Electrical & Electronic Engineering
 Edinburgh, EH1  2HT
 United Kingdom
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
                                 The Science Research  Council
                                 State House,  High  Holborn, London,  United Kingdom

                                 and a number  of  machine manufacturers
Principal Investigator(s) :

 Dr.  S.J. Yang
Start Date:
 Jan.  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  May 1976
   Actual    June 1977
Type of Research Program:

 x   Fundamental
 x   Development (Component or System)
 x   Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                                          Approx.  U.S.  $10,000 for
                                                                      e_quipment_plus  12 _man-months
                                                COMMENTS:
 The  effects of non-sinusoidal supply from solid-state devices on noise  and vibration of frac-
 tional horse power machines have been investigated.   For a 3-phase machine,  a  series of zero-
 order and non-zero-order radial force components were found analytically  at  frequencies equal
 to six times the supply fundamental frequency and its multiples.   These force  waves are intro-
 duced by the 5th, 7th, and llth current harmonies and could cause excessive  noise and vibration
 when their frequencies are near or equal to the machine natural frequencies.   The analytical
 findings were confirmed by noise measurements on a machine fed from an  inverter with variable
 fundamental frequencies in the range from 5Hz to 85Hz.   Part of the results  is published:

 S.J. Yang:  "Noise and vibration of inverter-fed induction motors",  Proc.
 of the International Conference on Electrical Machines,  Sept.  1976,  Vienna,
 pp.  19-1 - T9-10.
Transcribed from the original .
                                                  151

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                                                                      Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                      United Kingdom
Project Title:
                Structural  Panels With Noise Suppression Characteristics.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Rubber and Plastics Research Association
Shawbury, Shrewsbury
Shropshire
United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 Department of Industry, Engineering Materials
                                 Requirements Board
Principal Investigator(s):
D.L. James
Start Date:
Jan. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated Dec.  1979
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
To develop high transmission loss structural
composites of polymer-based flat or shaped     COMMENTS:
sheet, ideally made from low-cost bulk-usage
materials, for use as large noise control covers.
sandwich structures.
                                               Or Total Funding Amount: (i90,000) $154,764.
                                    A special plant is used for manufacturing GRP
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                152

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                                                                        Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                                        United Kingdom
Project Title:
                The  Design of  Dissipative Duct Silencers.
Performing Organization  Name  &  Address:
Institute of Environmental Science
and Technology,  Polytechnic of the
South Bank,  London SE1 OAA, England
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                     Science Research Council
Principal Investigator(s):

Mr. H. Haddad
Dr. A. Gummings
Start Date:

    1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated     1978
   Actual probably later
Type of Research Program:
 x   Applied Research
     Fundamental
     Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)

Goals: to produce  one or more computer  pro-
grams  which  will,  fairly reliable, predict
the  insertion  loss of dissipative mufflers
in a variety of duct systems; also to write
appropriate  "design guides" to  enable these
design.
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                Or Total Funding Amount:  (*  3,461)  $5,952.
                                COMMENTS:
                             programs to be used by non-acousticians  in silencer
Approach:  to  devise mathematical/physical models for each silencer "element" and to test these
against  experiment, eventually producing the simplest, possible satisfactory model for each
element; next,  to  incorporate these various models, in the form of computer algorithms, into
programs to predict the behavior of whole duct sections including silencers.  Then, sound
sources  in ducts are  to be included in the model, with specificable boundary conditions at the
duct  terminations.  Eventually, whole programs will (it is expected) be produced, to predict
the insertion loss of various types of silencer in a number of different situations, which may
involve  axial temperative gradients and near flow.  Where possible, fundamental-mode acoustic
models will be  utilized, to reduce computation time.

Results  so far: satisfactory models of "bulk-reacting" duct liners and of the high-temperature
behavior of porous sound-absorbing materials have been produced.  Uniform near flow models
appear to  be  adequate.

Publications: one  paper associated with this project has been published:
A. Cummings,  Journal  of Sound & Vibration 1976, ^9_(1), 9-35.  Sound Attenuation in Ducts Lined
on Two Opposite Walls with Porous Material, with Some Applications to Splitters.
Several  embryonic  articles exist, probably to be submitted to the Journal of Sound & Vibration.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                   153

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                                                                        Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                        United Kingdom
Project Title:
                  Sound  and  Vibration  of Small Electrical Machines.
Performing Organization  Name  &  Address:
Heriot-Watt  University
Dept.  of  Electrical  & Electronic Engineering
Grassmarket,  Edinburgh,  EH1 2Ht
United Kingdom
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 The Science  Research  Council
                                 State House,  High Holborn, London, United Kingdom
                                 and a number of machine manufacturers
Principal Investigator(s):
 Dr.  S.J.  Yang
Start Date:

 Sept.  1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated  August 1980
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
Type of Research  Program:

  x  Fundamental
  x  Development  (Component or System)
  x  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                               Funding:
                                Year                     Amount
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                         "Approx. TITS." $9,"500 "foT
                                Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                IT~_   _      _  _ _ecjuipment_plus 18 man-^months^ _
                                COMMENTS:
 The aims of the research project are to  obtain a  more  thorough understanding of the mechanisms
 of sound and vibration production and to provide  guidelines on how to design for minimum sound
 emission for small electrical machines with a  rating up  to 10 kw.

 The investigations will consist of three parts:   (1) the sources  of  exciting forces;  (2) the
 behavior of the machine structure and (3) the  sound radiation.

 Analytical method will be developed to optimise the design of machine parameters based on the
 studies on sound radiation efficiency.  The analysis will calculate  the absolute sound reduc-
 tions due to variations in the vibration mode, length-diameter ratio, main machine dimensions,
 amplitude and frequency of surface vibrations.

 From the results of the above investigations,  guidelines on how  to design for minimum sound
 emission will be presented.
  Transcribed from the original.
                                                   154

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                                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                       United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Noise Control
Performing Organization Name & Address:
British Gas Corporation:
Research and Development Division,
Engineering Research Station
P.O. Box 1LH Killingsworth
New Castle-upon-Tyne, NE 99 1LH  U.K.
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s) :
D. Headon
Start Date:
Apr. 1972
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
                                Type of Research  Program:
                                                     Fundamental
                                                     Development (Component or System)
                                                     Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
                                                     Production)
                                                     Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                               Year
                                               1976  (actual):
                                               1977  (budget):
                                               1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                (Over *50,000)  $85,980.
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication,)

To provide  economic noise control advice,
design data and codes of practice for use in
the design of new  and existing above-ground
gas installations:  to carry out complaint
assessments and make noise control recommendations.  Silencing techniques and noise prediction
programmes are being developed.  Educational courses on noise appreciation are conducted for
the benefit of British Gas personnel.
                                               COMMENTS:
Publication: Coping with noise problems in the Gas Industry.
             D.  Headon
             Paper presented to the Northern Junior Gas Association
             British Gas paper E.94, September 1973.
Transcribed from the original
                                                  155

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                                                                     Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                     United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Gear  Noise - Effect  of Tooth Profile  Modification
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Department of Mechanical Engineering
The University, Sheffield SI 3JD
England
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     Department of Mechanical Engineering
                                     The University, Sheffield SI 3JD
                                     England
Principal Investigator (s) :

H. Kohler
Start Date:
June 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated Spring 1978
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount: (-62,000)  $3,439.

                                               COMMENTS:   Includes overheads
 There  is no  consensus of view or experimental data on acentric action gearing in relation to
 noise.  Tests with a range of gears with actions from all apprpabhes  to  all acentricities  con-
 tinue.  Machine, as distinct from gear tooth effects on radiated noise effects,  are to be
 excluded in  an  attempt to reach a definitive conclusion on the relationship between profile
 modification and noise (and vibration) excitation.

 Method:  Gears  run on variable speed power circulator, acoustic hood over test gearbox - dB(A)
 and spectral composition as functions of speed, load, temp., lubrication, etc.

 Publication:  Departmental Thesis, also technical publication when reliable results achieved.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                   156

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                                                                      Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                      United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Industrial
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Metra Consulting Group LTD
23 Lower Belgrave Street
London, SWIW ONS
United Kingdom      	  	 	
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name &  Address:

                               (Ministry of the Environment) Ministries  van
                               Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene,  Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):

P.M.H. Kendall
R.N. Charlton
J. Grayston
Start Date:

Jan. 1976
Completion Date:
                             Type of Research Program:

                             	  Fundamental
                             	  Development (Component  or System)
                             	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
                                  Production)
                             	  Measurement Methodology
Estimated
Actual
             Allg.
                                                              Funding:
                                               Year
                                                                        Amount
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                1976  (actual):  (-£38,500)  $66,204.
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
To investigate the economic consequences of imposing noise zones around agglomerations of
industrial activity.  Methods and costs of noise abatement equipment and procedures are being
investigated, together with the reduction of noise at dwelling places within the set zones.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                 157

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                                                  Other  Industrial  Equipment
                                                  West Germany
Project Title:  Noise Research  on 0 uter and  Inner-Geared  Pressure-Compensated
              Helical Gear Wheels and Wheels With Non-Involute  Gear Profile
Performing Organization Name &  Address:

Institute for Machine Tools
of  Stuttgart University
Stuttgart 1, Holzgartenstr.  17
West  Germany	
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 German  Research  Society
Principal Investigator(s):

Dr.  Ing.  Cosmas Magnus Lang
Start Date:

Oct.1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   ActualOctoJT,  19T6
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                          Funding:
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                 Amount
                                           Or Total Funding Amount: (100 , OOODM)  $42,400

                                           COMMENTS:
                  The purpose  is to determine which  design for  the pump and

      for the gears  provides  the most favorable condition for  an  operation

      generating  little noise in this connection.   Experiments  are to be

      conducted regarding pressure build-up, control  of compression oil

      flow and of pressure  pulsation.
      Translated  and transcribed from  the original.
                                             158

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                                                Other  Industrial  Equipment
                                                West Germany
 Project Title:  Noise  Sources in  Presses and  Development  of Noise  Abatement
               Measures,  as Well  as  Their  Control.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

Institute and Chair  for Measurement
Technique in Machine Construction
Hannover, Nienburger  Strasse  17
West Germany
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal Investigator(s):

 Dr. Ing.  Frank Schroeder
 Start Date:
 Jun.1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual Jun.  30,1976
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or  actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                              Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
        Funding:
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                            Or^ Total Funding Amount: (251, OOODM) $106,424

                                            COMMENTS:
                  Determination of  noise sources in several  presses;  technical

      measurements in  regard to noise and vibration on noise-intensive

      structural elements and aggregates with  due regard  for coupling  effects;

      development and  testing of noise abatement measures;  formulation of

      guidelines, under  which already produced machines as  well as  new ones

      can  be  improved  in regard to noise generation.
      Translated and transcribed  from the original.
                                              159

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                                                           Other Industrial  Equipment
                                                           West Germany
Project litle: Noise  Reduction  in Adjustable  Axial  Piston Pumps  by  Affecting
               the  Speed  of  Pressure  Alternation  in the  Reversing Mechanism.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Chair and Institute  for Machine Tools and
 Operational Techniques,
 Karlsruhe,  Kaiserstr.  12
 West Germany
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator (s):
 Dipl.Ing.  Egon Lechner
Start Date:
 Oct.l,  1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                  Actual  Sept. 1,  1976
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                               Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total  Funding  Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
                                                                        Xll9,OaO_DH) J?50,456 _ _ .
             Among other characteristics,  axial piston pumps have that of being  normally

      operated at high system   pressures.  During the alternation from low pressure  to

      high pressure and back, significant  changes occur in the forces involved which

      cause  the drive flange and the housing  to vibrate.  The project aims at effecting

      an appropriate alternation geometry  so  as to stretch the process over as wide an an-

      gular  range as possible and then to  achieve a damping effect.  A computer program

      is set up to this effect which calculates the pressure variation in the piston.

      On the assumption of a favorable pressure configuration, this program should insure

      the proper alternation geometry.
      Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                160

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                                                 Other Industrial Equipment
                                                 West Germany	
Project Tltle:safety  Spacing for  Refineries and  Petrochemical  Installations
             Noise  Immission.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Technical Monitoring  Association
Koeln,  Konstantin-Wille-STR  1
West   Germany
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator (s):

Dr.  K.  Tegeder
Start  Date:
Nov.l,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual  Mar.31.1976
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach,  expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s)  of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                           Funding:
                              Year
                              1976  (actual):
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                            Or  Total Funding Amount:(20 , OOODM) $8 , 480

                                            COMMENTS:
                   Calculation  of  the safe  distances for  a  refinery,  assumed

        to be a model operation  with petrochemical processing C°f  ca«  10

        tons of crude oil per  year) is based  on noise  immission.   The

        computation of the immission level  occurring in  the immediate

        surroundings - with  indication of  duration and frequency -  takes into

        account the periodic shutting off  and damping  within the operation as well

        as air and  soil absorption.  Lines  of equal noise  level were worked

        out for levels 35 to 50  db(a) in step intervals  of 5 db(a).
        Translated  and  transcribed  from the  original,
                                             161

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                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                       West Germany
Project Title: Study of  the  Behavior  in Regard  to Noise and  of the  Causes of
               Noise in  Controllable  and  Adjustable Hydrostatic Pumps.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
  Chair and Institute  for Machine Tools and
  Operational Techniques
  Karlsruhe,  Kaiserstr, 12
  West Germany
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

  Dipl.-Ing. Bodo Stich
Start Date:

March 1,1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual    March 1, 1977
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                 Year
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                                        £385,_Oqp_DM) _$163_,240_
                                                COMMENTS:
           Aim is to develop  a meaningful conception,  closely  tied  to actual operating

   conditions, for noise reduction controllable and adjustable hydrostatic pumps by close

   collaboration with manufacturers and utilizers of hydraulic drive systems.

           Methodology:  1)  Construction of an appropriate test  bench.

                        2)  Exploration of the present state of  the technology (noise

                           generation)     (operation parameters:  pump dimensions model)

                        3)  Analysis of sound transmitted by air and sound transmitted by

                           machine frame (causes of noise and transmission mechanism)

                        4)  Development of noise abatement measures (such as pump model

                           with  forces compensation)
    Translated  and transcribed from the original.
                                                   162

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                                                                   Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                   West Germany
  Project Title:
                  Noise  Production  in Flames.
  Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Engler-Bunte Institute of Karlsruhe University
 Karlsruhe,  Richard.  Willstaetter.  Allee  5
 West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     Working Group  of  Industrial Research
                                     Associations F.V.  (AIF)
  Principal Investigator(s):
  Dietmar Pauls
  Start Date:
Jan. 1, 1972
Completlon Date:
   Estimated
   Actual 	Dec.31,  1976
  Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
  goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
  report (s)  generated and the date(s) of
  publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:       $63,600
                                                 	(150,909- BM)-
                                                 COMMENTS:
               Level and frequency distribution in flames of varying geometries  is
       measured, in particular in beam flame with and without twist - A special  sampling
       device is used to measure noise distribution inside the flames.
       Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                    163

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                                                          Other Industrial Equipment
                                                          West Germany
Project Title:
                Noise Abatement  Measures  in Hydrostatic  Components  and Systems.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

   Department for Machine Elements and  Gears,
   Darmstadt Technical Institute
   Darmstadt, Magdalenenstr 8-10
   West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                    Federal Ministry for Research and Technology
                                    Trade Association Oil Hydraulics
Principal Investigator(s):
  Dipl. Ing. Wilfried Gerwig
Start Date:

 Oct.1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                  Actual  Dec.  31,  197-6
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
                                                                        (18Q,QOQ DMX $.76-,12Q.  _  _
            Theoretical and experimental studies on frame sound uncoupling  of  aggregates

     in hydrostatic components and systems.  Development of calculation bases and  selection

     criteria for optimally adapted insulation elements as well as preparation  of  a  catalog

     of noise abatement measures in the area of hydraulics.
     Translated  and  transcribed from the original.
                                                 164

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                                                           Other Industrial Equipment
                                                           West Germany
 Project Title:   „  .
                 Noise  Emission  and Noise Reduction in  Electric Arc  Furnaces  -
                 Improvement  of  Health  Protection  for Personnel.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
Operations Research
Institute VDEH
Duesseldorf, Sohnstr 65
West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                    European Coal and Steel Community,
                                       Luxemberg.
 Principal Investigator(s):

Dr. Ing. Alfred Schmitz
 Start Date:
April 1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Ma]
   Actual
-1978
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
               Fundamental
               Development (Component or System)
               Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
               Production)
               Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast)1
                                                                        Amount
                                                                                   DM) $605,896
                                                COMMENTS:
                Electric arc  furnaces of various types and output (up to 85 mva)  are
        to be compared experimentally.  The charging with various types of charges must be
        taken into consideration as well as transformer noises and the mode of  operation.
        Comparative evaluation  should lead to conclusions regarding the most efficient way to
        reduce noise.
        Translated and transcribed from the original.'
                                                 165

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                                                  Other Indu_strial  Equipment
                                                  West Germany	
 Project Title:
               Causes of Noise  Formation and  Pulsations  in  Gas Burners
               For Industrial  Furnaces.
 Performing  Organization Name & Address:
Operations Research Institute
Duesseldorf, Sohnstr .    65
West Germany
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 Federal Minister for Research
                                 and Technology
 Principal Investigator(s):
Dr. Ing. Alfred Schmitz
 Start Date:
July 1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                 Actual _June 30. 1977
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                          Funding:
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                 Amount
                                           Or Total Funding Amount: (531,OOODM) $225,144

                                           COMMENTS:
                  Noise  measurements  are carried out  on various  industrial

        burners of similar construction  but varying output.  On  the  basis of

        frequency analysis,  ways are  to  be found to achieve reduction of the

        generated noises.   Using scale model formulas,  it is to  be  determined

        whether, e.g., the insights gained on small combustion chambers and

        burners regarding  chamber geometry and burner output can be  applied

        to  large industrial  installations.  This research is to  produce

        suggestions on structural and operational measures in respect to

        burner and chamber to reduce  noises in the  interest of humane working

        conditions.
         Translated  and transcribed  from the  original.
                                               166

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                                                           Other Industrial Equipment
                                                           West Germany
Project Title:
Development of  Devices  for Noise Abatement.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Ruhrkohle Corp.
 Essen, Postfach 5
 West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                     Society  for Space Exploration, Lim.
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
July 1, 1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Dec. 31, 1977
   Actual]    	
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               £r Total Jundingjtaount: $1^686^00_DM) _$714,8_64_

                                               COMMENTS:
             Development of a low-noise pneumatic hammer drill.   Development of a low-noise hydrau-

     lic  hammer  drill.  Further development of radial sound dampers.   Development of  a low-
     noise  planer.  Development of a low-noise chain conveyer.  Development of low-noise

     pushers  for chain conveyers.
     Translated  and  transcribed from the original.
                                                 167

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                                                          Other Industrial Equipment
                                                          West Germany
Project Title:
               Noise  Level  Measurement  and  Preventive  Steps  for Reducing
               Noise  Levels  in Stone  Shaping  Machinery.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Knauer Corporation
Geretsried 1,  Elbestr.  11
West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name {» Address:
                                  Ministry for Labor,  Health and Welfare,
                                  Duesseldorf
Principal Investigator(s):

 Rudolf Pappers
Start Date:

May 1, 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actua]
                           August 31. 1976
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual)
                                1977 (budget).
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               —	_(336J0_00_DM)_$142,464
                                               COMMENTS:
            Determination of noise level 1ST values in stone  shaping machinery  (soil proces-
    sing) ;  ascertaining the principal sources of noise and the  radiation behavior - Setting
    up  a  list of preventive measures for noise abatement - Execution of the preventive
    measures under laboratory conditions; measurement of control  results;  introduction of
    control results; introduction of improvements in actual practice.
    Translated and  transcribed from the original.   168

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                                                            Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                            West Germany
Project Title:
               Noise Reduction in  Adjustable  Axial  Piston-Pumps  and  Engines.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

 Brueninghaus Hydraulics
 Horb 1, Postfach 80
 West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                  Society for Space Exploration
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:

 Oct.l,  1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                           Sept.  30,,  1976
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual)-
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               	(ZTQ.QOQ QMX $32j6_48D.
                                               COMMENTS:
            Aim:   through  experimental and theoretical study of the pressure reversal mechanism,

    (differential  cylinder segments, damping slots, combined reversing systems,  damping  slot

    at control level  set up according to pressure divider principle) to achieve  noise re-

    duction in axial  piston pumps.  A research program independent of pump shape or size is

    initiated.  Specific coefficients are to take into account geometric and physical

    similarity.
    Translated and  transcribed from the original.
                                                  169

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                                                               Other Industrial  Equipment
                                                               West Germany
   Project  Title:
                 Developmental Work Toward  Improving Working  Conditions,  in
                 Cleaning  Installations.
   Performing  Organization  Name  & Address:
Buderus Iron Works
 Wetzlar, Postfach 1220
West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name 6, Address:
                                    Society for Space Exploration
   Principal  Investigator(s):
   Start  Date:

     Sept.1,197
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual   Mar. 28,  1977
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System;
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
   Project  Summary:   (Briefly  describe  the
   goals, approach,  expected or  actual  results,
   report(s)  generated  and  the dafp(s)  of
   publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                  Or  Total Funding Amount:,
                                                                         (1,092,000  DM1  _$462,Q08  _
                                                  COMMENTS:
            Aim of this  project  is to set up a production program that will  lead  to  the

    reorganization of  a  cleaning plant appropriately selected as pilot model.   The pilot model is

    described as to its  actual condition including the levels of dust and  noise and  the general
    climate affecting  the men working there.
   Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                    170

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                                                               Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                               West Germany
Project Title;
           Development  of an  Active  Liquid Sound Damper  for the  Reduction
           of Pressure  Pulsation and Noise Generation in  Hydraulic  Installations.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
   Institute  for Machine Tools of Stuttgart
   University
   Stuttgart  1, Holzgartenstr. 17
   West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                      German Research Society
Principal Investigator (s):

   Dr.  Ing.  Cosmas Magnus Lang
Start Date:
 Jan.l,  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual   Dec.31, 1976
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                               Year
                                                                       Amount
                                1976 (actual):(58,000 DM)  $24,592
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):

                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
           Periodic pressure fluctuations  in  a hydraulic installation caused by positive-
   displacement pumps often produce high noise level - The disadvantages of passive liquid
   sound dampers — such as limited effectiveness and reduced rigidity of the system —
   can be avoided by applying the principle of active sound damping - An electro - hydraulic
   control loop is to be tested with which a  periodic counter-pressure pulsation is created
   to balance the pulsation in the system.  This technique is to be tested and analyzed in
   regard to its behavior and effectiveness.
                                                171
   Translated and transcribed from the original.

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                                                                Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                West Germany
   •^          Development and Prototypal Use  of  Metallic  Construction  Elements Made  of Hyper-
              plastic Materials to Achieve  Noise Damping  by  Means  of the  Tight Casing Principle.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Metallgesellschaft Corp.
 Frankfurt 1, Postfach 3724
 West Germany
             Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:


           Society  for  Space  Exploration,

           Cologne
Principal Investigator (s):
Start Date:
 May 1, 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated   ^p
   Actual
1978
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
        Type  of  Research Program:
             Fundamental
             Development (Component or System)
             Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
             Production)
             Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
       Year
       ]976  (actual):
       1977  (budget):
       1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total  Funding  Amount:
                                               —	_(1J843J000_DM)_$781,432

                                               COMMENTS:
            Using casings or casing elements  made  of  super-elastic metal, prototypes are

    to be tested - The principle of tight  casing is to be  examined for varying wall dis-

    tances.   At the same time,  variation of  the conversion process and the resulting varia-

    tion in wall thickness distribution is to be used to determine to what degree  the
    acoustic characteristics are modified  in  regard to damping  and insulation.
    Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                     172

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                                  Other Industrial Equipment
                                  Abbreviated Listings With Funding
Australia.   Industrial Noise Problems - Research. Dept. of
Mechanical  Engineering,  University of Adelaide, Box 498 GPO,
Adelaide  (SA)  5001,  Australia.  Dr. David A. Bies, Reader in
Mechanical  Engineering & Director of Acoustics Laboratory-
Sponsor:  SA Dept.  of Labour & Industry, 55 Waymouth Street, Adelaide,
South Australia  5000.  1977. continuance. Type: Development
(Component  or  System), Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,
& Measurement Methodology. 1977: ($50,000.) $55,500  .
Noise radiation  from pipes.  Vibrational energy in coupled
structures.  Holography - sound radiation.  Muffler design.
Duct flow - low  frequency control.  Circular saws.

Sweden.   Development of  Less Noisy Methods When Making Cement
Blocks for  the Building. Joint  Council for Occupational Safety
& Health, Joint  Working  Party Against Noise in the Cement Industry.
Ingvar Soederstroem.  Sponsor: ASF Sweden,  Moelndalsvaegen 85,
412 85 Goteborg,  Sweden. 1975-1977. 1975: (300,000 Dkr). $ 67,590,
1977: (273,000 Dkr)  $61,507.

Sweden.   Noise Abatement in Shipyards.  Ingemansson Acoustics,
Box 53037,  S-40014 Gothenburg,  Sweden.  Per-Ake Berg Hans
Elvhammar.Sponsor: Arbetarskyddsfonden, Sveavagen 166, S-11346
Stockholm,  Sweden. July  1977—June 1980. Type: Development
(Component  or System).   (Scr  1,900,000)  $428,070.   Noise
abatement in ship building  and  ship  repair  work with  respect
to worker's  hearing  damage  risk.

Sweden.   Noise and Dust  Control in Connection with Jet Burning
in the Quarrying Industry.   IFM-Akustikbyran AB, Warfvinges
vaeg 26,   S-112 51 Stockholm,  Sweden.   Sponsor:   Swedish Workers
Protection  Committee.   Stig Soederkvist.  1973-1977.  (Scr 250,000)
$56,325.   General studies of  the industry.

Sweden.   Noise Reduction in the Food Industry.  Joint Council
on Occupational  Safety & Health, Working Party Against Noise in
the Food  Industry.   Sponsor:  ASF, Sweden,  Moelndalsvaegen 85,
412 85 Goeteborg,  Sweden.  1974: (290,000 Dkr) $65,337. 1975:
(385,000  Dkr)  $86,740. 1977:  (370,000 Dkr) $83,361.

United Kingdom.   Noise Attenuation By Means of Splitters in
Building  Ventilation and Air-Conditioning  Systems. Bath University:
Sch of Arch &  Big, Calverton Down, Bath BA 27 AY, United
Kingdom.  Sound Attenuator LTD,  East Gates, Colchester, Essex,
COL 2TW,  United  Kingdom. C.B. Phelps. Sponsor: Science Research
Council.  Oct.  1975 -Sept.  1978. (under t5,000) $8,598. To study
percentage  perforation and  materials used  for facing the splitters,
effect of diameter,  packing,  bonding and orientation of fibres
in the splitter,  and geometry of splitter  design.
                            173

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United Kingdom.  Measurement and Reduction of Paper  and  Board
Machinery Noise. Paper Industries Research Association,  Randalls
Road, Paisley, Renfrewshire PAI 2BE, United Kingdom.   E.R.  Gates
Feb. 1975-1976.  (fc6200) $10,662. To identify ways of  reducing
noise in mills, collect further in-plant data and keep up-to-date
with noise legislation.

West Germany.  Analysis of Behavior in Regard To Noise and  Noi9e_
Abatement Procedure in Circular Saws Used for Rock Cutting.
Chair and Institute for Finishing Technique and Planing  Machine
Tools, Hannover, Welfengarten 1A, West Germany. Prof.  Dr.  Ing.
Hans Kurt Toenshoff.  (300,000 DM) $127,200. Execution  of noise
abatement procedure on a circular saw.  Estimation of  cost  for
abatement measures.   Presentation of possibilities for compen-
sating increased costs if they should occur.

West Germany.  Noise  Measurements on Toothed-Wheel gearing.
Institute for Machine Elements, Munich Technical University,
Munich 2, Arcisstr. 21 West Germany. Prof. Dr. Ing.  Winter.
Sponsor: German Research Society. Jan. 1, 1970-Dec.  31,  1976.
(30,000 DM)  $12,720.  Aim: Tooth-wheel noise-vibrations;  study
of geometric parameters under high  stresses and speed  of revolu-
tion beyond  the critical range.

West Germany.  Noise  Studies In Industrial Installations and
Technical Processes On Single Machines as On Groups  of Machinery
to Determine Characteristic Emission Levels. Institute for
Construction Machinery and Construction Technology,  TH Aachen,
Aachen, Templergraben 55, West Germany. Dr. Ing. Hubert  Frenking
Sponsor: Federal Ministry of the Interior. Oct. 15,  1973.Dec.  31,
1976.  (1,136,000.00 DM) $481,664.

West Germany.  Studies for the Reduction of Cavitation Noises
In Valves Used In  Oil Hydraulics. Institute for Hydraulic and
Pneumatic Propulsion  and Control, Aachen Technical Institute,
West Germany.  Prof.  Dr. Ing. Wolfgang Backe.  Sponsor: German
Research Society.   Sept. 1, 1973.  (338,000 DM) $143,312.
Aim  is to investigate appropriate structural and wiring  altera-
tions by means of  which the cavitation noises  of the valves for
oil  hydraulics might  be reduced to  an acceptable level or be
eliminated entirely.

 West Germany.   Extrapolation of Noise Measurements  on Hydraulic
 Piston Engines.   Institute for Piston Engines, Hannover Technical
 University,ifannover, Welfengarten 1A,  West Germany.  Sponsor:
 German Research Society.   Dipl.  Ing.  Heyne.   Nov.  1, 1973-
 Dec. 31,1977.   (180,OOODM)  $76,320.  Investigation  of extrapol-
 ation possibilities of noise measurements on hydraulic  piston
 engines.
                              174

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                                                                    Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                    Australia
Project Title:
                   Vibration of Transformer  Tanks
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Qld. 4067
Australia
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

 Dr. R.  J.  Hooker
Start Date:

1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated    1977
   Actual 	1977
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected  or actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

 X   Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production.)
	  Measurement Methodology
               Funding:
Year                     Amount
1976  (actual):
1977  (budget):
1978  (forecast):
                                 Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                 COMMENTS:
                                                             ^° external funding.   One  in-house
                                                             graduate student.
Noise from large transfer  tanks  arises when a tank natural frequency is in resonance  with  twice
mains frequency or a multiple  thereof.

The aim is to devise finite  element methods for the calculation of natural frequencies  of
transformer tanks, taking  into account:-

(1)  the closed box nature of  the  structure
(2)  addition of stiffening  ribs to the tank sides
(3)  internal components  (core and coils)
(4)  filling with transformer  oil  (i.e. a joint structure-fluid problem with fluid  possibly
     compressible).

The project is virtually complete.  One publication has been issued:-

     W.J.T. Daniel and  R.  J. Hooker, "Natural frequencies of stiffened box structures",
     I.E.  Aust.  Conference on  Vibration and Noise Control Engineering, 1976 1-5.
                                               175

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                                                                   Other Industrial  Equipment
                                                                   Australia
Project Title:
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation Limited
304 Lorimer Street
Port Melbourne
Victoria 3207, Australia
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator (s):
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
Our main activities in the noise field have been in the installation of noise abatement
equipment in factory operating areas  so as to reduce noise levels perceived by the operator.
Such equipment included noise booths  and  special protective clothing for plasma metal
spray work.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                 176

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                                                                      Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                      Canada
 Irojcc   i.- e. To  investigate  Aerodynamic  Sources  of Noise Generation in  Centri-
                fugal Fans  and  Blowers.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
 National  Research Council of Canada
 division  of Mechanical Engineering
 Ottawa, Canada
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                     In-house  research
 Principal Investigator(s):

 3.  Krishnappa
 Start Date:
 "975
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:


 X   Fundamental
 X   Development (Component XdftXStf&K&X)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                   1  man year
                   1  man year
                   1  man year
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Tne program is intended to establish experimentally the principal  sources  of noise generation
and to correlate the generated noise with the aerodynamic  performance  parameters of the blower.
It is anticipated that these studies would lead to the design  of quiet blowers and fans with
acceptable aerodynamic performances.

In order to establish the areas of research a review of the  existing literature on the subject
was published in Reference 1.  Noise measurements  were made  on a wide  variety of blowers
identifying the important frequency components.  Detailed  aerodynamic  and  acoustic tests were
conducted on two blowers and the results are described in  Reference 2.   Further investigations
are underway.
         REFERENCES


         1.  Krishnappa, G.



         2.  Krishnappa, G.
                           Centrifugal  Blower  Noise Studies,
                           Literature  Survey and  Noise Measurements
                           NRC ME-244,  1976

                           Some Experimental Studies on Centrifugal
                           Blower Noise
                           INTER-NOISE 77, 1977
                                                   177

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                                                            Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                            France
Project Title:
                    Noise in Bottling Plants
Performing Organization  Name  & Address:
  INKS
  30, Rue  Olivier Noyer
  75680 Paris Cedex 14
  France
Principal Investigator (s) :

  A.  Qamongeot
Start Date:

   1977
Completion Dale:
   Estimated  I978
                  Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                           Lyon CRAM
                                 Type  of  Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                               Funding:
                                Year                     Amount
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):

                                Or Total  Funding  Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
          1  -  ORIGIN AND REASONS FOR THE STUDY
          This study was begun at the request of the Lyon CRAM dated June 6,  1975.

               The  same problems are found in the Paris and Strasbourg regions  especially.

          2  -  CONTENTS OF THE STUDY

          The  object is to review the various solutions for noise reduction in  bottling

  plants.   Certain  model systems have already been set up in other countries: for example,

  Karlsberg-Tuborg  in Denmark.

          3  -  STATE OF PROGRESS

          This study has not yet been set into motion.  It would require visits to a

  certain number of plants in order to evaluate the risks of hearing loss,  and  to review

  applicable soundproofing devices.  It could begin in 1977 and continue into 1978.
  Translated and transcribed  from  the original,

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                                                                  Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                  France
Project Title:
                Noise Propagation and Establishment  of Acoustic Level in an Industrial Shop
Performing Organization Name & Address:

   INRS
   30, Rue Olivier Noyer
   75680 Paris Cedex 14
   France
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name  & Address:
Principal Investigator (s) :
   H. Leblond
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                 Type of P,esearch Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement  Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected  or actual results.
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                                 COMMENTS:
             1 - REASONS FOR THE STUDY

             The average noise level that  arises  in  an  industrial shop depends upon the
   acoustic force emitted by each of the machines, their number, their placement, the geometric
   properties of the plant,  the number of  absorption units in the plant, etc.

             Other factors,  such as diffraction around  the machines, atmospheric absorption
   and others are also taken into account.

             If the machines are too densely  placed, the worker is almost always exposed to
   the direct field of noise emitted by the machines, and any acoustic treatment or protective
   devices will not be very  effective.   By spacing the  machines out, it is possible to gain
   about 5-6 dB on the average noise level.    This greater spacing also aids in the efficiency
   of the acoustic treatment if the number of absorption units existing in the beginning is
   small.

             In addition,  the  use of  screens  and baffles can also contribute to improving the
   noise ambience of an industrial shop.

             It is thus interesting to  be  able  to estimate with some precision the noise level?
   that will reign in an industrial shop before the  factory is built, and thus to undertake,
   at the proper time,  adequate anti-noise measures.

   Translated and transcribed  from the  original.
                                                179

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          2 -  CONTENTS OF THE STUDY

               To make the estimate, classical and easy-to-apply formulas are used, but
these formulas are based on the hypothesis of a perfectly diffused acoustic. ffeM.

               It is possible to obtain a better estimate using the method of image sources
or the method of zones; in these methods, the plants are represented by simple geometric
forms.

               Despite this simplification, such calculations require the use of a
calculator.  To take into account the complex shapes and forms of the industrial plants -
partially separated areas, shape of the roofs, etc, - it is necessary to turn to
experiments with models.  It is not certain whether the gain in precision obtained fay a
more faithful reconstruction of the shapes may not be neutralized, without special
precautions, by other sources of error related to an analogical simulation method.

               Taking into account the importance of the work that needs to be done,
particularly the programming and planning work in the case of methods based on source
images and zone methods, and the importance of the investment that would have to be made
in the case of experiments on models before beginning work on complex calculation programs
or the construction of laboratory models, it will be necessary to verify that the acoustic
estimate obtained by applying classical formulas is sufficient to warrant action on the
level of actually beginning construction of factories.  To this end, we will search out
plants for which the acoustic force of the machines, their placement, the acoustic charac-
teristics of the sites and the average noise levels are known.  The values measured will
be compared with the values calculated by means of the classical formulas.

               Furthermore, it will also be necessary, by means of applying the results
of onsite research, to estimate a little more precisely the size of the gains it will be
possible to obtain by modifying the characteristics of the rooms.  It is evident that
research of great precision is not justified unless the stakes are sufficiently high.

               The results of this preliminary phase will determine the remainder of the
study.  In general, it would seem wise to proceed in stages in this study; the estimates
obtained at each stage will be compared with the values measured in actual plants.

          3 - STATE OF PROGRESS

               This study is in the course of being prepared.

               Acoustic estimate programs have been set up on an INRS computer.  They
call on formulas based on the hypothesis of a diffused field.  Application of these
methods to several concrete cases and comparison with results of measurements "in situ"
are underway.
                                              180

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                                                                 Other  Industrial  Equipment
                                                                 France
Project Title:

  Study of the Noise From Briquette-Manufacturing Devices
Performing Organization Name & Address:

  INKS
  30, Rue Olivier Noyer
  75680 Paris Cedex 14
  France
                                       Sponsoring Organization Name  6,  Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
 Mr. T. Ho.
 H. Leblond
 G. Andre
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                 Type of  Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production;
Measurement  Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
 1.  ORIGIN AND REASONS

     This study is in response to a request for preventive  services by  the Bank of Nantes,
 dated November 25, 1975.

     The acoustic pressure levels found in working places in  these industrial plants are
 generally greater than 100 dB(A) sometimes 110 dB(A)  during  operations of concrete vibration.

 2.  CONTENTS OF THE STUDY

     This project consists of studying the various possibilities of reducing noise from these
 machines.  According to preliminary observations, two cases  can be distinguished:

        plants in which the sources of noise are small crafts manufacturing machines;

        plants in which one or several machines perform a variety of basic functions:  filling
        up the molds, stirring,  emptying of the molds, transport and storage of the finished
        product.

     In the first case,  it seems that only perfection of the  technology of the equipment being
 used  (setting  of the molds, reduction of parasitic vibrations,  etc.) would make  it possible
 to  achieve a reduction  in noise.

     In the second case, greater automation of the machines,  which would  make complete enclosure
 possible, could be a reasonable and economic solution.

     Since the  Center for Research of theConcr&te Manufacturing Industry  (CERIB)  is also interested
 in  this problem, it is  anticipated that the INKS will limit  itself  for the time  being to  a
 general study  designed  to define the soundproofing possibilities,  allowing the CERIB to produce
 certain models.  The INRS retains all rights to perform any  studies  at any time, by its own
 means, that it deems necessary.
                                                   181

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3.   STATE OF PROGRESS

     Engineers of the INRS paid a visit to the CERIB to meet the people occupied with
these problems who are doing the studies and research on the techniques and materials
intended for use in manufacturing concrete.

     Preliminary data has been collected at a plant in the Moselle region, where the
levels found in fixed work areas during the "concrete vibration" phase reach 105 dB(A),
and in a factory producing concrete traverses for the railroad (Sarthe),  where the levels
reach 114 dB(A).
                                               182

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                                                            Other Industrial Equipment
                                                            France
Project Title:
                  Inquiry Into Soundproofing Work Being Done  In  Industry
Performing Organization Name & Address:
INKS
30, Rue Olivier Noyer
75680 Paris Cedex 14
France
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name  & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

A. Damongeot
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                 Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected  or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                               Funding:
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
1.   ORIGIN AND REASONS FOR THE STUDY

     This study was undertaken at the initiative  of  the  INRS.  It has a double aim:

     - on the one hand, to establish a catalogue  of  models and examples that could be useful
to persons confronted with soundproofing problems.   This document will group together a certain
number of French and foreign soundproofing examples.   This project is in response to a wish
often expressed by the Regional Banks Prevention  Service.

      - on the other hand, to make cost estimates.   By cost, we mean not only the financial
cost, but also the changes made in working habits, particular precautions to be taken, etc.,
changes and precautions which are more or less  impor tant depending upon the soundproofing
method used:  reduction at the source,  covering,  use of  screens, etc.

2.   CONTENTS OF THE STUDY - METHODOLOGY

     The study consists of reviewing,  with the  help  of the CRAM, soundproofing systems set up
within the last several years, or systems which will be  set up in coming years.

     This review will be made under two different phases:

     - comparisons within a single factory, before and after soundproofing;

     - comparison of two or more factories of similar production which use different methods
or which are organized differently (different machines,  different spacing of machines, areas
treated or not, etc.)

     We will note the noise levels, differences between  them, financial or other costs as well
as the number of people who profit in each case where improvement has been achieved.  The
difficulty we will have in collecting these data  should be underlined.
                                                183

-------
3.   STATE OF PROGRESS

     This study has just begun: 85 dossiers that can be partially or entirely used have been
sent by the Regional Banks and Centers for Physical Research.   A sample shett has just been
completed, with a simple coding system that will make it possible to determine the origin of
the sheet, and the type of soundproofing used, immediately.

4.  CONTINUATION OF THE STUDY - PERSPECTIVES FOR THE FUTURE

    This is a very long term study.  It will indicate the soundproofing methods most used
in industry, the gains they make possible, and the costs they  incur, the word cost being used
in the sense defined in section 1.

    Once this inquiry is sufficiently advanced, it will be necessary to conduct another inquiry,
a probe of French industry, in order to estimate the number  of workers exposed to different
noise levels: 90 to 95 dB(A), 95 to 100 dB(A), etc.

    The results of these two inquiries combined with those of  the epidemiological study should
make it possible to find out how many people risk a hearing  loss or an aggravation of a hearing
problem each year, the costs of soundproofing, the technological methods, and, based on that,
the national effort that should be undertaken to diminish the  risk of professional deafness.

    These three inquiries, concerning the problem of noise and deafness, will provide experience
that will be useful in performing similar inquiries into other types of problems and inquries.
Translated and transcribed from the original.

                                                  184

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                                                              Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                              Netherlands
Project Title:
                Study of  Noise Sensitivity of  Different  Facilities  Within Noise
                Zones Around  Industrial  Areas.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                 Public Health and Environmental  Hygiene Dept.
                                 Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
  est
  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
           With regard to the application of  zoning  systems around industrial areas and a

   good planological arrangement of  the area  inside  the noise zones, a summary should be

   made of the noise sensitivity of  the different facilities.  Here a relationship should

   be sought with the corresponding  research  projects in the research programs,  traffic
   noise and aviation noise.   An investigation  should also be made of which nonacoustic

   criteria, chiefly from the standpoint of landscale, cultural history,  and suitability,
   play a role in the taking  of  executive decisions  regarding the permissibility of
   higher noise loads than the preferred limits for  noise-sensitive facilities within the
   noise zones around industrial areas.
   Translated and transcribed  from  the original Dutch.
                                                  185

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                                                                Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                Netherlands
Project Title:
                Taking  Inventory  of the  Possibilities of  Reducing Noise  Emission
                in Certain  Installations  and  Parts  of Institutions.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 Public Health  and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                           Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
      est

      1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of  Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                      Amount
                                               Or  Total  Funding  Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
              This study includes a preliminary study of  the possibility of reducing noise

      production of certain dominant noise sources  within institutions in order to prepare
      one or more development projects for quieter  noise  sources.  A proposal should be
      made of the types of noise sources coming into  consideration and a summary should be
      given per noise source regarding the possible noise reducing measures with a conclu-
      ding proposal for further research and development  work.
      Translated and transcribed from the original  Dutch.
                                                136

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                                                             Other Industrial Equipment
                                                             Netherlands
Project Title:
     Zoning Around  Industrial Areas.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:
                                Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                         Amsterdam,  Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
     est
     1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:
	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
            Within the framework of the noise zoning systems  around  industrial areas in-
    cluded in the draft noise nuisance legislation,  a manual  should  be written for the appli-
    cation of the different zoning instructions.   Here,  data  obtained on  the basis of
    different research projects concerning industrial noise should be brought into operational
    form with regard to litigation which may arise in zoning  procedures.  The study has
    the purpose not only of making the zoning regulations  operational but also to support
    and inform governmental and technical litigation which, in  the period prior to the in-
    troduction of the new law,  has already resulted  in a better acoustic formulation of
    investment plans and planning decisions.
    Translated and transcribed  from  the original Dutch.
                                                 187

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                                                              Other  Industrial  Equipment
                                                             Netherlands
Project Title:
                Study of  the  Possibility  of Reducing  the  Noise  Emission of
                Categories of  Institutions.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                           Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
Es timated
 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
  In  order  to establish noise zones around industrial areas  and  the  setting of standards
  within  the framework of the nuisance law and the noise nuisance  law  for noise emission by
  institutions, the parties involved should be able to obtain  a  good insight concerning the
  state of  the art in this regard, as well as concerning the anticipated developments in
  the technical and economic field that may be relevant for  noise  production.  This research
  project intends to acquire an overall view of all of the developments and possibilities
  expected  in the near future for the reduction of noise emission  by different categories
  of  institutions and their noise-relevant parts.   A summarizing view  will also be given on
  developments that could lead to an increase in noise emission  and  of possible measures for

  preventing this.
  Translated and  transcribed from the original Dutch.
                                                    188

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                                                  Other Industrial  Equipment
                                                  New Zealand
Project Title:
Noise  Reduction  in Beef Slaughter-board
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
Physics & Engineering Laboratory
Dept.of Scientific  and Industrial
                       Research
New  Zealand
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                  Thomas  Borthwick and Sons Ltd
Principal Investigator(s):

K.O.  Ballagh
                             Type of  Research Program:
                                               Development  (Component or System)
Start Date:

1/3/77
Completion Date:
   Estimated  1/10/77
   Actual
                                                        Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                             Year
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                                                 Amount
                                           Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                           COMMENTS:
                                                     No separate funding
    The aim of  the  project was  to reduce  the  noise level  in the beef
    slaughterboard  area of the  freezing works to a comfortable level  by
    reducing peak  impulsive noises and reducing the background noise  levels.
    The goal was an Leq for 8 hours of less  than 85 dBA at any operator
    position, with  no peak level greater  than 90 dBA.
    By identifying  and measuring each noise  source contributing significantly
    to the overall  noise climate a 4 part  program to reduce impulsive noises,
    ventilation fan noise, excess reverberation, and general machinery noise
    was instituted.    The program drawn up is at present  being implemented
    and no results  are as yet available.
    Reports to date
            Internal Acoustics report
            "Noise Control  in Waingawa  Freezing Works"
             Report No. 86905   June  1977
                                         189

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                                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                       Scotland
   Project   it e.  Noise  output  From  Cage  Induction Motor with Non-Sinusoidal
                  Supply  Voltage
r_ Performing  Organization Name & Address:

   Department  of  Electronics
   and Electrical Engineering
   University  of  Glasgow
   Glasgow G12 8QQ,  Scotland
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:
   Principal  Investigator (s) :

   Dr. D. S. Gordon
   Start Date:
                                Type of Research Program:

                                 X   Fundamental
                                	  Development (Component or System)
                                	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
                                     Production)
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
                                                   X
Measurement Methodology
                                                                Funding:
   Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
   goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
   report (s)  generated and  the date(s) of
   publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                   Amount

                   None
                                                  Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                  COMMENTS:
   The effects  of gap eccentricity have been investigated with a sinusoidal supply voltage and
   relationships obtained between eccentricity,  torque  and sound power.
   Similar  tests are being carried out with a variable  frequency thyristor invertor supply
   having a stepped voltage waveform.
   Transcribed from the original.
                                                     190

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                                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                       United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Sound Transmission & Generation in Flow ducts with Axial Temperative Gradients
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Institute of Environmental Science and Tech.
Polytechnic of the South Bank
London SE10AA, England
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                      Science Research Council
Principal Investigator (s):

Dr. A. Cummings
Start Date:
Circa 1976
(early)
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
                                                Type of Research Program:
                                                 x   Applied Research
                                                	  Fundamental
                                                	  Development (Component or System)
                                                	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
                                                     Production)
                                                	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                                Year
                                                1976  (actual):
                                                1977  (budget):
                                                1978  (forecast):
                                                         Amount
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
                                           Difficult  to  assess;  some funding comes
                                           from the Dissipative  Muffler Project.
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)

Goals: to identify (as far as possible) the
mechanisms of sound generation and  transmis-
sion in flow ducts with axial temperative
gradients, and rigid walls;  then to produce mathematical models, based on the solutions of a
one-dimensiona] acoustic wave equation, which describe sound generation and transmission in
finite-length ducts with known boundary and source conditions.  These models are to be tested
against experimental measurements.

Approach: to utilize fundamental fluid dynamic equations in producing an appropriate one-
dimensional wave equation, and then to solve this equation for specified source and boundary
conditions the solution is reached by a numerical technique (Range-Kutta) and an approximate
analytical method  (WKB).

Results: the problem was solved, first in the absence of flow and later in its presence.
Good agreement between experiment and theory was obtained.

Publications: (i) A. Cummings 1977, Journal of Sound & Vibration 51(1), 55-67.  Ducts with
Axial Temperative Gradients:   an Approximate Solution for Sound Transmission and Generation.
(ii)A. Cummings 1977,  Journal of Sound & Vibration 51(1), 143-145.  Standing-Wave Analysis
with Temperative Gradients, (iii)A. Cummings.  Paper to be presented at 9th I.C.A., MadiM1
July 1977 "Sound Transmission and Generation in Flow Ducts with Axial Temperative Grad.
(iv) Papers of similar title to be submitted to the Journal of Sound & Vibration for publi-
cation.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                   191

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                                                                       Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                       United Kingdom
Project Title:
                  Splitter Attenuation - Static Insertion Loss
Performing Organization Name & Address:


  Sound Attenuators Ltd
  Eastgates
  Colchester   Essex  U K
Principal Investigator(s):

  G Phelps
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated  October 1977
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                    Sound Attenuators Ltd
                                    Eastgates
                                    Colchester   Essex   U K
Type of Research Program:

 X   Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                Year
                                                               Funding:
                                                                         Amount
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
  To study the basic attenuation along the airway of splitter type attenuators
  with splitter thicknesses from 4in to 24in and corresponding airways from
  2in to 12in.  The work was to determine the change of attenuation rate
  with length.   This has been initially limiting to normal (0, 0) planewave
  propagation, although the apparatus is extendable to control cross-road
  excitation above cut-off.    Various types of mineral wool materials have
  been investigated, together with specialist resonant/reactive diaphragm
  type facings.
                                                    192

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                                                                    Other Industrial  Equipment
                                                                    United Kingdom
Project Title:
                      Factory Noise
Performing  Organization Name & Address:
Lucas Industries Noise Centre
Noise Control Group
Lucas-CAV Ltd.
PO Box 36, Warple Way, Acton
London W3 7SS, United Kingdom	
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                   Lucas  Industries
Principal  Investigator (s) :
M. F. Russell
S. P. May
B. L. Fletcher
D. Malam
P. Wilson
Start Date:
  1970
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

_X	  Fundamental
 v   Development (Component or System)
Jt_  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
 y   Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
This is a large and  continuing project involving modifications  to  new and existing plant and
machinery.

1.  To minimize the  risk  to hearing of employes in Lucas Factories.

2.  To minimize the  nuisance to others in the vicinity of Lucas  Factories.

The overall  approach has been published as "Machinery Noise  the Users Viewpoint" in Proceedings
of 14th Conference on Research & Design of Machine Tools, University of Birmingham 23 September
1976 and in Machinery and Production Engineering Feb.  1977.
                                                 193

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                                                             Other Industrial Equipment
                                                             United Kingdom	
Project Titla:
                   Industrial Noise
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
Dept. of Industry
London, United Kingdom
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:

1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                 Type  of  Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component  or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
The research supported  is mainly in the study of the  causes of noise and its elimination by
improved design and  the use of damping materials.   Areas of work covered are pump,  cutting
tools, engines, presses, textile, foundry, plastic  and  general engineering equipment.
Transcribed from the  original.
                                                194

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                                                              Other Industrial Equipment
                                                               USSR	
Project Title:
                Calculation  of Noise from Vane-Type Compressed Air' Motor
Performing Organization Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific Research  Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                  All Union Central Council
                                  All Union Central Scientific  Research Institute
                                    of Industrial  Hygiene
                                  Leningrad, USSR
Principal Investigator (s) :
V. N. Kozhin
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
The first known attempt is described  at  determining noise level of a pneumatic rotary engine.
The spectrum of sound pressure produced by exhaust gases is formulated assuming that operation
of the engine is a periodical process.  The result of a mathematical analysis is correct  on
condition that the factors of expansion series of the Fourier function of exhaust rate  are
smaller than the sound propagation rate in the air.
Translated and abstracted from the original Russian.
                                                 195

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                                                                    Other Industrial Equipment
                                                                    USSR
Project Title:
                  Scientific and Technical  Problems of Industrial 'Noise Abatement; Main
                  Guidelines for Work Standards  of Noise
Performing Organization Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific Research Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                  All Union Central  Council
                                  All Union Central  Scientific Research Institute
                                    of Industrial Hygiene
                                  Leningrad, USSR
Principal Investigator (s) :
 I. I. Bogolepov and D. A.  Matelenok
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Suranary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected  or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                               Funding:
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Development of standards for industrial  noise minimization in the USSR is reviewed briefly.
Guidelines for Soviet scientific and  practical studies of noise abatement are given.   Results
are summarized in a study of noise  levels  in the principal industries.  Planning of scientific
and practical studies and their implementation are outlined according to the coordinated plan
of development of state standards on  noise suppression COST SSBT 12.1.003-76 under the title
"Noise. General safety specifications".
Translated and abstracted from the original  Russian.
                                                  196

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                                                      Other Industrial Equipment
                                                      West Germany
 Project Title.  increased Damping of  Noise Transmitted by  Structure  Through
                Friction Between Machine  Parts.
 Performing Organization  Name & Address:
Institute for Acoustical Technology
Berlin  10,  Einsteinufer 27
West  Germany
 Principal Investigator(s):
Prof.  Dr.  Manfred  Heckl
Start Date:
Oct. 1,1975
Completion Date:
Estimated t?ept •}(
Actual
1,1 Q77


 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
     Sponsoring Organization Name f, Address:
    Federal Ministry for  Labor and
    Social Welfare
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstra Li on (Experimental, Prototype,
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
             Funding:
Yeajr                   Amo_unt_
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):

Or Total Funding Amount:

COMMENTS:
                 Aim:  To  determine  the parameters (surface,  roughness,

      contact  pressure, type of interface, number of connecting elements)

      that affect  the damping of noise transmitted by the  structure  by

      friction.  fytrthdr,  the attainable noise  level reduction should be

      determined for at least one example  (such as machine facing).
      Translated and transcribed from the original.

                                            197

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                                                       Other  Industrial Equipment
                                                       West Germany
 Project Title: Determination of  the Noise Emission  Level  of  the High-Rise Torch
                in a Refinery as  a  Function of  Operating  Condition
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

  Institute for  Immission, Work and Radiation
  protection of  the State Office for Environ-
  mental Protection
  Karlsruhe,  Griesbachstr. 3
  west Op-rmanv	
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                       Federal  Minister for Research and
                                       Technology
 Principal Investigator(s):

  Dipl.  Phys.  Gunther Wolff-Zurkuhlen
 Start Date:

June 1,  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  April 30. 1978
   Actual
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
                  The aim of operating a high-rise torch low in  pollutants  is essentially

     achieved nowadays with low-smoke consumption due to addition of water  steam.  But this

     causes  increased noise generation.  Therefore,  a compromise has to be  reached between

     pollutant and noise emission.  Purpose of this  project is to determine the noise

     level as well as the frequency spectra occurring during combustion for the various

     hydrocarbon mixtures and operating conditions.
     Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                  198

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                                                 Other Industrial Equipment
                                                 West Germany
Project Title:  Propagation of Machine Noise  in Various  Terrain Formations
               and  Industrial Installations  and Its  Impact on the  Working Man.
Performing Organization Name  t< Address:

Ordinariate for World Forestry  Economy
Hamburg  University
Hamburg  80, Leuschnerstr.  1
West Germany
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly  describe the
goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name &  Address:
Type of Research Program:

     Fundamental
     Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                           Funding:
                              Year                   Amount
                              ~1976  (actual) :
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):

                              Or Total Funding  Amount:

                              COMMENTS:
          Aim is  to  study how  sound propagates in various terrain

formations and  industrial  installations,  in order  to  deduce efficient noise

abatement procedures.  It  has been shown  that there  are significant

differences between the individual terrain formations in relation to the

varying degrees  of  stress  on  the machine  and to different seasons of the

year;  also, the  distribution  of noise  levels in individual installations

has  been determined.
 Translated  and transcribed from the  original.
                                           199

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                                        Other Industrial  Equipment
                                        Abbreviated Listings


 East Germany.  Study  of Emission of Noise of Mechanical and Aerodynamic
 Origin.  Central Institute for Occupational Safety, 8020 Dresden, Gerhart-
 Hauptmann-Strasse 1,  East Germany.

 France.  Reduction of Noise in the  Air by Means of a Filter Screen.  National
 Center for Scientific Research, 31, Chemin Joseph-Aiguier,  13274 Marseille,
 Cedex 2, France.   P.  Filippi, G. Corsain.

 France.  Noise from Pneumatic Machines.  MACO-NEUDON.   1977.

 Italy.  Study of  the  Effects of Noise and Techniques for Overcoming Noise
 in Places of Work.  National Organization for Accident Prevention, Via
 Alessandria 220E,  00198 Rome, Italy.

 Norway.  Noise and Vibration in Machine Constructions.  SINTEF, The Labora-
 tory of Acoustics,  ELAB, Universitetet I Trondheim, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
 Reduction of noise from selected machines.  Detailed studies of vibration
 in panels;  excitation response and radiation.  Transmission of vibrations
 through joints and other machine elements.

 Poland.  Guidelines for Establishment of Anti-noise Protective Zones and
 their Development  for Selected Groups of Factories.  Ministry of Administra-
 tion, Territory Development and Environmental Noise Control, Warsaw, Poland.
 This project aimed  at achieving methods of determining protective zones
 around factories  in relation to the abatement of noise emission into
 adjacent residential  areas.

 Sweden.  Noise Propagation in the Neighboring Area of  an Industry - A
 Preparatory Study.  IFM-Akustikbyran, AB, Box 30021,  400 43, Goeteborg,
 Sweden.  Sponsor:  National Swedish Environment Protection  Board.

 Switzerland.   Soundpower  Measurement  of  Oil Burner-Heat  Boiler
Combination.   Federal  Metal Testing  and  Research for Industry,
EMPA,  Acoustic Department,  600 Dubendorf,  Switzerland.   Sponsor:
Federal Office for Environmental Protection,  3003  Berne,
 Switzerland.   Herrn  Professor  A. Lauber.   Type:   Fundamental,
Measurement  Methodology.  1976-1977.  Study  results  should  serve
 to establish noise level  protection  technique  with burner-
boiler combination,  and  to  develop  suitable measuring  regulations,

 Switzerland.   Sound  Absorption and  Noise Screens in Large In-
dustrial  Halls.  Interkeller AG/SA,  8052 Zurich, Switzerland.
W. Stahel,  B. Braune.

United Kingdom.  Development of Improved Suspended Absorbent
 Treatments  for Industry.   Sound Research Laboratories  Ltd.,
 Holbrook  Hall,  Little Waldingfield,  Sudbury Suffolk C010 OTH,
United Kingdom.  T.P.C. Bramer. Jan  1976~Dec.  1977.

 United Kingdom.  Sound and Flow Excited Wall Vibration in Curved Annular
 Ducts (Theoretical Investigation).   Southampton University, Institute of
 Sound & Vibration Research, Southampton S09  5NH, United Kingdom.

 United Kingdom.  Higher  Order Mode  Acoustic  Energy Propagation in Complex
 Flow Ducts.  Southampton University, Institute of  Sound & Vibration Re-
 search,  Southampton S09  5NH,  United Kingdom.  P.O.A.L.  Davies.
                                     200

-------
United Kingdom.  Noise Reduction in Centrifugal Fans.   Southampton
University, Institute of Sound & Vibration Research, Southampton
S09 5NH, United Kingdom.  C.L. Morfey,  P.E.  Doak,  B.D.  Mugridge,
R.B.V. Read and W. Neise (DFVLR, Berlin).

United Kingdom.  Noise of Centrifugal Fan Systems.  Southampton Uni-
versity, Institute of Sound & Vibration Research,  Southampton S09 5NH,
United Kingdom.  C.L. Morfey, P.E. Doak, B.D.  Mugridge,  R.B.V. Read,
and W. Neise (DFVLR, Berlin).

United Kingdom.  Noise Generation by Flow Through  Splitter  Silencers.
Southampton University, Institute of Sound & Vibration  Research, Southamp-
ton S09 5NH, United Kingdom.  P.E. Doak and P.A. Nelson.

United Kingdom.  Engineering Materials.   Dept.  of  Industry, London,
United Kingdom.  1977.  Composite materials for use in  noise control
covers.

United Kingdom.  Mechanical Engineering and Machine Tools.  Dept. of
Industry, London, United Kingdom.  1977.  Reduction of  noise in hydraulic
systems.  Noise from circular saws.  Noise reduction from paper mills.
Noise form power presses.  Fettling noise.  Noise  caused by percussive
portable tools.

United Kingdom.  Technical Aspects of Noise Abatement Zoning in the
Control of Pollution Act.  Building Research Establishment, Aylesbur,
Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.  Investigations are being  made of the
levels of noise around factories and other fixed industry.

United Kingdom.  Design Guidance on Factory Noise.  Dept. of Environment,
Dept. of Transportation, London, United Kingdom.   1977.

United Kingdom.  Noise Generation by Flow Over  Perforated Metal Acoustic
Duct Linings.   Southampton University,  Institute of Sound & Vibration Re-
search,  Southampton S09 5NH, United Kingdom.  P.E. Doak,  P.A. Nelson.

United Kingdom.  Laser Doppler Velocimeter Measurements  of Sound Excited
Wall Vibrations in Curved Annular Ducts.   Southampton University,  Institute
of Sound & Vibration Research, Southampton S09  5NH, United Kingdom.   K. Brod
and N.A. Halliwell.

West  Germany.   Study of  Acoustic  Fields in  Plants  and  Structures,
Federal Institute of Physics  and  Technology,  Acoustics  Division,
Bundesallee   100,  Postfach 345,  3300  Braunschweig,  West  Germany.
P. Dammig,  K.  Brendel.

West Germany.   Noise Reduction in Large Transformers by means of Acousti-
cal Compensation.  Burgsteinfurt Section of FH  Muenster, Burgsteinfurt,
Lindenstr.  59-60, West Germany.  Dr.  Ing.  P. Walisko.

West Germany.   Noise Generation by Combustion  Fluctutations in Oil Burners -
Measurement Techniques for Nozzle Impedance and Turnover Fluctuations.
Chair for Applied Thermodynamics, Aachen University, Aachen, Schinkelstr 8,
West Germany.   Prof. Dr. Franz Pischinger.

West Germany.   Effects of Noise Sources  and Reduction of Turbines.  Uni-
versity of Aachen, Aachen,  West Germany.   Prof. David.   Sponsor: German
Research Council.  1976.
                                      201

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ENGINE TECHNOLOGY AND MACHINE PARTS

       See Also Pages:

            209
            213
               203

-------

-------
                                                          Engine Technology and Machine Parts
                                                          Canada
Project Title:
                   Reduction of Noise from Small Internal Combustion Engines
                                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
Performing Organization Name & Address:

 National Research  Council of Canada
 Division of  Physics
 Acoustical Section
 Ottawa,  Canada KIA OR6
Principal Investigator (s):
 A.
 J.
    J.
    E.
Brammer
Piercy
Start Date:
                Completion Date:
                   Estimated 	
                   Actual
                                                 Type of Research Program:
                                                      Fundamental
                                                      Development (Component  r System)
                                                      Demonstration (Exper   ntal, Prototype, or
                                                      Production)
                                                      Measurement Methodology
                                                                Funding:
                                                 Year
                                                 1976 (actual):
                                                 1977 (budget):
                                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                                                   ($50,000)
                                                                   ($50,000)
                                                                   ($50,000)
                                                                         $47,140
                                                                         $47,140
                                                                         $47,140
                                                 Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach,  expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
 The theoretical treatment  of exhaust mui "lers
 for internal-combustion  engines has long been
 based on  linear acoustic theory.  Deviations
 between theory and  experiment are ascribed
 either  to non-linear  effects associated with
 the large pressure  amplitudes or to the presence of a steady component of  gas  flow.  Moreover,
 recent  work in other  laboratories suggests that the inclusion of mean gas  flow in muffler theory
 leads to  correct  predictions in insertion loss.  The purpose of this project is to gain a clear
 understanding  of  the  physical phenomena which determine the exhaust noise  from single  cylinder
 engines as  used in  chain saws and lawn motors.
 An initial  experiment employing small, single-cavity mufflers demonstrated that deviations
 between theory and  experiment could exceed 10 dB at 1 kHz and even greater amounts at  higher
 frequency directionality patterns of the source was examined.  The results of  both experiments
 indicate  that  the exhaust  gas forms a pulsating jet with the velocity of efflux comparable
 to the  velocity of  sound.
 Recently  a  set of six mufflers has been built to cover systematcially the  transition from non-
 linear  to linear  behavior  expected as the pulsating jet dissipates.  All six have co-linear
 inlet and outlet  pipes and are identical in volume and pipe length, but they differ with
 respect in  inlet-outlet  pipe separation.  Preliminary results with a four-stroke engine show
 that the  insertion  loss  increases with increasing pipe separation whereas,  according to
 linear  acoustic theory,  all six mufflers should produce the same insertion loss.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                 205

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                                                     Engine Technology and Machine Parts
                                                     West Germany
 Project Title:
                  Research on  Modern  Low-Noise  Engines  Regarding  the  Connection Between Noise
                  and the Parameters  Affecting  the  Casing
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Institute  for  Combustion Engines
Graz/1 Oestereich, Kleiststr,  48A
West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name & Address:
                                 Federal Ministry of the Economy
 Principal Investigator (s) :
 Start Date:
  Jan.  1,  197j
Completion Date:
   Estimated
Type of Research Program:
	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                   Actual Dec.  31. 1976
                                              Funding:
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual)
                                1977  (budget);
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                                                  DM) $98,368
                                                COMMENTS:
             Point  of departure:  It is possible to reduce appreciably the engine noise by in-
     sulating all outside walls and covers against the inner power-transmitting machine parts.
     In modern construction  this  is achieved with self-contained casings; inner motor mounting
     can be reduced to  engine  supports.
             Research goal:  elaboration of generally applicable foundations for reliable and
     cost-efficient design and choice of material in regard to motor casings and their attach-
     ments  in modern low-noise engines.  Application and significance of the result: basis
     for the construction and  development of low-noise engines.  Methodology: on the basis
     of existing experimental  engines or modern low-noise motor specimens, initial investiga-
     tion of processes  involved in noise generation.  Then, determine experimentally the effect
     of the various parameters.   Environment and boundary conditions, not applicable.
             Factors that affect  the outcome: design and choice of materials.  Factor that is
     affected by result: noise emission.  Factor of continuing significance: inner engine
     mounting.
     Translated and transcribed  from  the original.
                                                  206

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CONSUMER PRODUCTS

     TOOLS

 See Also Pages:

      107
      109
      111
      117
      121
      205
        207

-------
                                                    Tools
                                                    West Germany
Project Title:
               Reduction of Total Noise Level in Power Chain Saws
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

 Institute  for Piston  Engines
 Hannover,  Welfengarten 1A
 West Germany

 Principal Investigator(s):

 Prof. Dr.  Ing. Klaus  Groth
Start Date:

Mar.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual Oct.31,1*76
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report (s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                   Sponsoring  Organization Name &  Address:


                                   Federal Ministry for  Research
                                   and Technology
                              Type of Research  Program:
     Fundamental
     Development  (Component or  System)
     Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
             Funding:
Ye_ar_                   Amount
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):

Or_ Total  Funding Amount :(18 7 , OOODM) $7 9 , 28 8

COMMENTS:
                New possibilities of  exhaust  gas damping  are tested on the

    saw motors  (high rpm  2-stroke  engines).   'Further  theoretical  and

    experimental  research on the effect of the control  periods  on noise

    emission are  included.   In addition, motor noises are to be measured

    and level of  influence should  be determined.
     Translated and  transcribed  from the original.
                                           209

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                                                                   Tools
                                                                   West Germany
,ojccl Title:
                    Emission Measurements on Compressed-Air Tools
erforming Organization Name & Address:
 Institute for Geophysics, Vibration and
 Acoustical Technology  of  the Westfallian
 Mine Worker's Union Credit Association
 Bochum,  Herner Strasse 45
 West Germany	
rincipal  Investigator (s):

 Prof. Dr.  Heinrich Baule
.-art Date:

 Nov.  1,  197tL
Completion Dale:
   Estimated
   Actual  Dec. 31, 1976
:ojcct Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 als,  approach, expected or aetual results,
 port(s) generated ami the date(s) of
 L-lirat Jon. )
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name (» Address:
                                      Federal Minister of the Int.
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
  	  Development  (Component or System)
     Demonstrat ion  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
              Funding:
Year                     Amount
197&  (actual)•
1977  (budget):
1978  (forecast):
                                              Or  Total  Fundin,- Amount:
                                                                      :(103,000 DM)  $43,672
                                               COMMENTS:
              Determination  of  the actual state of noise emission by compressed-air tools.

      Measurement of the  emission levels in accordance with general administrative regula-

      tions under the federal legislation on emission protection.
      Translated and  transcribed  from the original.
                                                  210

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                                                        Tools
                                                        West Germany
Project Title:  Reduction of  the Total Noise Level in Power Chain Saws, With the Aim to
                Designing a Saw Whose Noise Level is Below 90 dB(A)
Performing Organization  Name  &  Address:

 Dolmar Maschinen Fabrik
 Hamburg 70,  Jenfelderstr.  38
 West Germany
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                    Society for Space Exploration
Principal Investigator(s) :

 Prof. Groth
 Technical University
 Hanover, West Germany
Start Date:
Feb. 15, 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated  NOV.
   Actual
                                       1Q77
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
     Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                °r  Total  Funding Amount:  (664,000 DM) $281,536

                                                COMMENTS:
        Aim  is  the design of a portable power saw (e, 5ps) with a mean sound pressure

 level  that measures under 90 db  (A) at the ear of the operator.  Particular attention must

 be paid to the  ease of handling, the total weight, the motor output, the operating safety

 as well as the  retail price.
  Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                 211

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                                                             Tools
                                                             West Germany
 Project  Title: study and Development of High-Speed Low-Noise Tools.
 Performing Organization Name  & Address:
 Chair  and Institute for Finishing,
 Technique and Planninp Machine Tools,
 Hannover,  Welfengarten 1A,
 West Germany.
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal  Investigator(s):

 Prof.  Dr. Ing. Hans Kurt Toenshoff.
 Start  Date:

Jan. 1,  1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual  Dec. 31,  1977
 Project  Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)

 Development  of high-speed  tools  able to
 meet the  requirements  for  high cutting
 velocity  and for quiet operation  as
 well.   Improvement  of  working conditions
 Measurement  of mechanical, technological
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                              Year
                              1976  (actual):
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):
              Funding:
                                                                     Amount
                              Or Total Funding Amount:  $106  000

                              COMMENTS:
                              and  acoustical  parameters.
      Translated and  transcribed from the  original  r-erman.
                                               212

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                                                                               Tools
                                                                               Australia
  Project Title:
                    Noise  Characteristics of Small Two-Stroke Engines   [Lawnmowers]
_i Performing Organization Name  & Address:

   Dept.  of Mechanical Engineering
   University of Adelaide
   Adelaide
   South Australia 5001
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:
                                      University of Adelaide
 Jrincipal Investigator (s) :

   Garry L. Brown
   Adrian David Jones
  Start Date:
   May 1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated T,af.p 1977
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	x_  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                                Funding:
  Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
  goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
  report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
  publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                          N/A
                                                  Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                  COMMENTS:
   The invesigation was initially aimed at studying the noise sources  on a  two-stroke  rotary
   lawnmower.  Investigations of exhaust noise were aimed out on a two-stroke motorcycle  engine
   as well as on a lawnmower.  Lawnmower noise was considered in terms of the component parts:
   inlet, exhaust, mechanical and blade.  The nature of mechanical noise and exhaust noise was
   found, from, both theoretical and experimental considerations.   Piston slap was  found to be
   the dominant source of mechanical noise.

   A study of the gas dynamics and the associated sound power radiated during the  exhausing
   process of both engines was made.Measurements of far field sound pressure level and pres-
   sures inside several exhaust systems agreed well with predictions.   The  theoretical pre-
   dictions were obtained by calculations based on the method of characteristics.

   Jones, A.D. and Brown, G.L. (1976).  Characteristics of the Noise Sources in a  Rotary  two-
   Stroke Lawnmower.  The Institution of Engineer, Australia, 11-12 October.  Preprints of
   Papers pp95-96 (The Institution of Engineer, Australia, National Conference  Publication
   No. 76/9).
   Transcribed from the original.
                                                   213

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                                                                    Tools
                                                                    West Germany
              Noise Abatement in  Lawnmowers  and Combination Tools, e.g.  Normalization
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Institute  for  Construction Machines
and  Construction Technology
Aachen, Templergraben  55
West Germany
                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal  Investigator(s):

Dr.  Ing. Hubert Frenking
Start  Date:

Jan.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated  n^p
   Actual
3 1 t 1 Q7fi
Project  Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
             Type of Research Program:

             	  Fundamental
             	  Development (Component or System)
             	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
                  Production)
             	  Measurement Methodology
                                                          Funding:
             Year
             1976 (actual):
             1977 (budget):
             1978 (forecast):
                                                                    Amount
                                             Or Total  Funding Amount:

                                             COMMENTS:
                   Reduction of  noise in  professional and non-professional

       installations  by establishing objective emission units, graduated

       in  time,  under legislative regulations.
  Translated and transcribed  from the  original.

                                                 214

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CONSUMER PRODUCTS




   APPLIANCES
           215

-------
                                                                         Appliances
Project Title:
                                                    	Canada
                          Model Municipal  Noise  Control By-Law
Performing, Organization Name & Address;

      NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL SECTION
      ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
      135 St. Clair Ave. West
	Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5,  Canada	
Principal Investigator (s) :
J. Manuel              B. Seshagiri
L.G. Kende             T. Kelsall
A.G. Taylor            J.E.  Coulter
Start Date:

Jan., 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual  August, 1977
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                      r>|>our,,"ii i ii[; Oi jv'ui zal i on Name f, Address
                                 ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE  ENVIRONMENT
                                 135  St.  Clair Ave.  West
                                 Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5
                                 Canada
Type of PvCijoarch  Program:

_    Fundamental
  J£_  Development  (Component  or S->si:em)
	  Demonstration  (Txperimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
__X   Measurement  Ilet liodology
               Funding:
Year
1976  (actual):
J977  (budget):
19V8  (forecast):
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COritlEtiTS:
                                                                ($50,000) $47,140
This model by-law has been developed for use by Ontario municipalities.  The model by-law
is made up of qualitative and quantitative clauses allowing for comprehensive control of
common noise sources such as air conditioners, powered appliances, vehicles etc.  It has
sections dealing specifically with impulsive and intermittent noises, blasting and con-
struction noises.  The Model by-law is supported by a number of technical publications,
measurement-standards and measurement procedures.
                                                  217

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                                                                   Appliances
                                                                   West Germany
Project  Title:
              Noise Abatement in Ventilators  of Special  Air Conditioning Installations
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Saarbergwerke  AC
Saarbruecken,  Trierer Strasse 1
West  Germany
              Sponsoring Organization  Name & Address:

              European Coal and  Steel
              Community
Principal  Investigator (s):

Dr.  Ing.  Hans  Guido Klinkner
Start Date:

Dec.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated Dpr
   Actual
Q77
Project  Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
         Type of Research Program:

         	  Fundamental
         	  Development (Component  or System)
         	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
              Production)
         	  Measurement Methodology
                                                          Funding:
         Year
         1976 (actual):
         1977 (budget):
         1978 (forecast):
                                                                   Amount
                                            Or Total Funding Amount :^206 , OOODM) $87 , 344

                                            COMMENTS:
                   Aim is  to  study the  effectiveness  of sound  dampers for

       ventilators of varying  output,  and to prepare a catalog  listing

       effective  sound damping measures  for differing operating conditions.

                   Expectations:  Test  bench examination of ventilators  and

       ventilator-sound damper combinations; testing of ventilators under

       conditions close to actual operational requirements; operational  runs;

       individual measurements on ventilator-sound  damper combinations  under

       various  operative  conditions.
       Translated  and transcribed from  the original,
                                             218

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                                                                              Appliances
                                                                              Austrailia
Project Title:
                  Domestic Air Conditioners.   Noise  Prediction and  Control
Performing Organization Name & Address:

       Public Health Department
       Perth, W. Austrailia
                                     Sponsoring  Organization  Name & Address:

                                         Public Health Department
                                         Perth, W.  Austrailia
Principal Investigator(s):
       Committee, Chaired by Dr. Carolyn
         Mather
Start Date:

  1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated    Nov. 1977
   Actual
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)

       GOALS
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                No  fixed  amount
                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
        To  establish:

        1.   A noise  rating system  for Domestic  Unit Airconditioners.

        2.   Prediction of airconditioner field sound pressure levels from the units
            noise  rating figure.

        3.   Methods  of reducing noise from domestic airconditioners.

        Approach.
        Survey  of  existing methods of rating and prediction, sound power measurements in
        reverberation  chamber  of  a sample of air conditioners.

       Field Testing of these airconditions.

       A sound level prediction system has  been established  that  utilises  dB(A)  (Power),
       noise rating figure for the airconditioners and calculation  of  sound  level  in
       dB(A) for the fixed installation using  nomogram.

       Report produced:  "Predicting and Controlling the Outdoor  Sound Levels  of
                          Airconditioning Units" to be published  June  1977
   Transcribed from the original,.
                                                 219

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                                                                         Appliances
                                                                         Canada
Project Title:
                10 dB Insertion Loss Cowling for Window Air Conditioner
Performing Organization Name & Address:

 Ontario Ministry of the Environment
 135  St. Clair Avenue West
 Toronto,  Ontario M4V 1P5
 Canada
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

 L.  G.  Kende
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated	
   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or  Total  Funding Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
 A residential window air-conditioner was located in between two detached houses,  causing
 annoyance  by creating a steady 63 dBA level at the property line.   A "home-made"  plywood
 and fibreglass  intake/discharge cowling was designed to reduce the sound radiated by the
 unit.   Several  versions of the cowling were made with increasing silencing efficiency to
 a maximum  of 10 dB overall insertion loss.  This resulted in what  was judged to  be an
 acceptable sound  level in that particular location.
 Transcribed from the  original.
                                                220

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                                                                    Appliances
                                                                    Netherlands
Project Title:
                 Noise  Requirements  For Domestic Appliances
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name  &  Address:
                                 Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                              Amsterdam,  Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
      est
      1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
                                Year_
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
      In  this study, the necessary data will be obtained for making executive decisions on

      the basis of article 2 of the nuisance bill with regard to noise production by

      domestic appliances.  In performing the study, use will be made of data obtained in

      an  earlier study, and if applicable, data used abroad for establishing noise require-

      ments and EG guidelines.  The study will concern types or categories of domestic

      appliances under typical conditions of use and the noise levels occurring then,

      the measuring methods to be used, and other possible aspects for the establishment

      of  specifications and requirements to be imposed on operating controls.
     Translated and transcribed from the original Dutch.
                                                 221

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                                                                    Appliances
                                                                    Netherlands
Project Title:
                 Continued Operations Check on Appliances
Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
                                      Sponsoring Organization  Name & Address:
                               Ministry of Public Health and  Environmental
                                 Protection
                               Ministry of Social Affairs
                               Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator (s) :
Start Date:

1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Sunmary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
Investigations  conducted for this project should lead  to  conclusions as to how the continued
operations check to  enforce legal provisions limiting  appliance noise can best be organized.
Using data obtained  from other research projects in this  program, optimal procedures for the
continued operations check should be developed for the various categories of appliances.
Transcribed from the original.
                                               222

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                                                                   Appliances
                                                                   Netherlands
Project Title:
                Placement  of  Appliances in the Home (Domestic Appliances  and  Stereo Sound Systems)
Performing  Organization Name & Address:
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                 Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning
                                 Ministry of Public Health and Environmental
                                   Protection
                                 Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal  Investigator(s):
Start Date:

1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
               Funding:
Year                     Amount
1976  (actual):
1977  (budget):
1978  (forecast):
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
The purpose of this project  is  to  look into the possibilities for occupants  to select, place
and use appliances in such a way in  the home so as to cause as little  noise  nuisance as
possible.  It is known that  noise  nuisance caused by appliances is a result  of the combined
influence of the appliance/apparatus itself, its place and use in the  dwelling, and the
acoustic quality of the dwelling.  An inventory of these factors will  be made using data
available from existing publications and research for the purpose of drawing up operational
guidelines.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                223

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                                                                             Appliances
                                                                             Netherlands
Project Title:
                 Defining the Acoustic Attributes of  Appliances
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:

                                  Ministry of Public Health  and Environmental
                                    Protection
                                  Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget) :
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
The purpose of  this  project is to obtain basic information for implementation based on
article 8 of the Noise Abatement Bill, concerning  the labeling and definition of  the
acoustic attributes  of certain categories of  appliances.  This project is also concerned
with working out the ideas developed in the OECD on  product labeling.
Transcribed from  the original.
                                                224

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                                                                     Appliances
                                                                     Netherlands
 Project Title:
                Noise Inspection of Appliances
 Performing Organization Name  &  Address:
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                               Ministry of Public Health and Environmental
                                  Protection
                               Amsterdam, Netherlands
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Start Date:

 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	i  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                                Funding:
 Project Suimary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                                 COMMENTS:
This research project serves as preparation for  the  implementation of article 2 on noise
restrictions on appliances, of the Noise Abatement Bill, specifically concerned with
setting up inspection procedures on noise emissions.   Inspections will be set up both for
an appliance type manufactured as a series, and  for  individual appliances.

The investigation should include an optimal arrangement of inspections for all categories
of appliances affected, with the emphasis on the technical and organizational, legal and
financial aspects of the inspections.

A distinction will be made between those appliances  which are or will be affected by E.E.C.
regulations on noise abatement, and those for which  noise restrictions will be imposed
autonomously by Dutch legislation.   The connection between these regulations and other
aspects of inspection should be elucidated.
Transcribed from the  original.
                                                 225

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                                                                 Appliances
                                                                 Netherlands
Project Title:
                    Noise Restrictions on Domestic Installations
Performing Organization  Name  & Address:
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                Ministry of Public  Health and  Environmental
                                  Protection
                                Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total  Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
This project is designed  to amass the information needed to formulate  implementation based
on article 2 of the Noise Abatement Bill, concerning noise nuisance  caused by domestic
installations.   The project will make use of data obtained from previous research and, if
applicable, specifications used abroad in setting noise restrictions,  and E.E.C. regulations.
Each type or category of  domestic installation investigated should be  tested under representative
working conditions at normal noise levels, using approved methods of noise measurement and
observing any other relevant aspects for the regulations to be established, as well as for the
noise restrictions to be  exacted in the continued operations check.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                226

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                                                                      Appliances
                                                                      New Zealand
>ject Title:
     Office Equipment Noise  Survey
'forming Organization Name & Address:
Physics  &. Eng. Laboratory
Dcpt.of  Scientific  &. Industrial
                        Research
Private  Bag, Lower  Hutt,
     LeaJLand	
                                               Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
   -  	
i ncipal Investigator(s):
R.S.  Carter
C.G.  Balachandran
                                          Type of Research Program:
.rt  Date:
July 77
            Completion Date:
               Estimated early 19?8
               Actual
Measurement Methodology
                                                       Funding:
 ;c-ct Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
-.Is, approach,  expected or actual  results,
•-ort(s) generated  and the date(s)  of
•>] ication. )
                                          Year
                                          1976 (actual):
                                          1977 (budget):
                                          1978 (forecast):
                                                                Amount
                                          Or  Total Funding Amount:

                                          COMMENTS:  No specific funding
 A  survey of  the  noise levels of office equipment in common use will be
 performed.   These noise  levels will  be evaluated in  the  light of
 international  standards and recommendations,  and a specification will
 be  formulated  which details allowable noise  levels in new equipment.
 This  specification will be incorporated in the " Gbde  of  Physical Working
 Conditions"  for  the N.Z.  Public Service, and possibly adopted as a
 N.Z.  Standard.    Further  recommendations will be made on how to reduce
 the noise levels of existing equipment.
                                              227

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                                                                  Appliances
                                                                  United Kingdom
Project Title:
            From Domestic  Appliances
Per£01 Ming Organization Name & Address:

  SOUHD RESEARCH LABORATORIES US)
  HOLERGOK HALL
  LITTLE WALDINGFIELD
  SUDBURY .SUF7QLK C010 OTK   nn-j ted Kingdom
Principal Investigator(s):

  J R CDWELL  (MR)
  T P C
Start Date:
  JAN 1977

Completion Date:
   Estimated  JuITS  1978
                  Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)

   To  examine the particular problems of
   high speed motors set in very small
   casings as in domestic appliances
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                      Self-sponsored
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype.
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year                     Amount
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                Or_ Total Funding Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
                                             228

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CONSUMER PRODUCTS




      TOYS







  See Also Page:




      238
      229

-------
                                                              Toys

                                                              Netherlands
Project Title:
              Noise  Aspects  of  Model Planes
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:

                                 Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.

                                     Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator (s) :
Start Date:
 est
 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
     Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
 This research project has the purpose of obtaining insight  into  the noise problems of

 model planes and the possibilities of limiting the noise  production of model planes.  The

 study was performed under the auspices of the Royal Dutch Aviation Association and should

 terminate in guidelines which will be propagated by this  association  through the model

 plane clubs connected with it.
 Translated and transcribed from the original  Dutch.
                                                    231

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CONSUMER PRODUCTS





    GENERAL
          233

-------
                                                                   General  Consumer Products
                                                                   Netherlands
Project  Title:
                   Investigation  of Noise Made by Alarm Systems (such  as AHOB) and by Signal Horns
 Performing  Organization Name & Address:
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                 Ministry of Transport and  Public Works
                                 Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal  Investigator(s):
Start Date:
1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
For security reasons,  one requisite for an acoustic signal is  that the sound it produces be
sufficiently audible  to  convey the message intended.   Npise abatement entails that annoyance
caused to people living  nearby be limited as much as  possible.   This project will endeavour
to find solutions for  this purpose.  One possibility  could be  to alter the frequencies used
for the signal,  or to  (partly) replace audible signals with optical ones.
Transcribed  from the original.
                                                235

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                                                                   General  Consumer Products
                                                                   Netherlands
Project Title:
      Noise Nuisance Aspects of Acoustic Warning  Systems
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:

                                    Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                                     Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:

 est
 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
      This project has the purpose of obtaining insight into the noise nuisance that can
 be  caused by acoustic warning systems such as burglar alarms,  signalling horns and sirens,
 as  well as  the possibilities of limiting noise nuisances by technical interventions,  limit-
 ations of use, or the application of other warning systems.  Regarding safety systems, a
 study will  also be made of the manner whereby these installations can be prevented from
 being heard for a needlessly long time while maintaining the proper operation of the system.
  Translated and transcribed from the  original Dutch.
                                                    236

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                                                          General Consumer Products
                                                          Netherlands
Project Title:
                 Preliminary Study of Noise-Producing Apparatus
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring  Organization  Name &  Address:
                                  Public Health and Environmental  Hygiene Dept.
                                    A sterdam,  Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
est
1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
    This research project  has  the  purpose  of obtaining quantitative data on noise production

    by a  large number  of  apparatuses  such as construction machines, household appliances,

    gardening and hobby equipment, residence installations and servicing equipment, use
    being made of already existing measurement results from domestic and foreign cases.

    The data  are also  used for establishing priorities with regard to bringing about legal spe-
    cifications for  the noise production  by apparatuses and systems and in the preparation
    of the instructions.
        Translated  and  transcribed  from  the original Dutch.
                                                  237

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                                                              General Consumer Products
                                                              Netherlands
Project Title:
                  Noise Requirements for Hobby &  Recreation Equipment
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name  k,  Address:
                                 Public Health and Environmental  Hygiene Dept.
                                     Amsterdam,  Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
  est
  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
      In this study, data will be obtained that are required  for  the making  of  executive  de-
      cisions on the basis of article 2 of the noise nuisance bill with respect to  noise
      production by hobby and recreation equipment.  In conducting the study, use will  be
      made of data obtained from earlier studies and, if applicable,  data used  abroad for
      establishing noise requirements and ECE guidelines.   The study will concern types or
      categories of hobby and recreational equipment under typical conditions of use, the
      noise levels pertaining to them, the measuring methods  used and  other  possible
      aspects for establishing specifications as well as requirements  imposed for operating
      control.
      Translated and transcribed from the original Dutch.
                                                  238

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AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
          239

-------
                                                                         Agricultural Machinery
                                                                         United Kingdom
Project Title:
                  Tractor and Machinery  Noise
Performing Organization  Name  & Address:
NIAE
Wrest Park
Silsoe
Beds, United Kingdom
Principal Investigator (s) :

J. D. C. Talamo
Start Date:

May 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated  March 1979
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries & Food
                                Great Westminster House
                                Horse ferry Rd.
                                London  SW1P 2AE,  England.
                                 Type of  Research Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component  or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                   Amount
                   NIL
                    (i26,000)   $44,710.
                    (£26,000)   $44,710.
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Future Work
Now that tractor driver noise exposure has been reduced,  attention must  be given to  reducing  the
noise of trailed machinery and to protecting the operators of fixed plant.

Field Machinery Noise
Two aspects are in need of investigation.   Firstly,  the sources and levels  as  they affect
the tractor driver and the machine operators.   It is proposed that we make measurements  of
the noise of' a range of field machines in operation  on local farms.  Individual  machines which
embody basic noise generating mechanisms will  be studied  in more detail  with special emphasis
on their treatment potential.
Secondly, the identification and analysis of the audible  cues used by drivers  with special
attention to how these are modified by modern low noise cabs. '

Noise From Mixed Plant
It is proposed that the data collected in 1969-71 is checked against plant  and equipment now
available,  that the noise exposure of operators be measured using the noise average  meter and
pocket dose meters in order to predict hearing  damage risk,  and finally  that,  if possible, we
cooperate with machinery suppliers in the design and commissioning of one  or two installations
with the object of minimising internal and external  buildings noise.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  241

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                                                                        Agricultural  Machinery
                                                                        United  Kingdom
 Project Title:
                 Tractor Noise Studies
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
NIAE
Wrest Park
Silsoe
Beds, United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     M.A.F.E.
                                     Great  Westminster House
                                     Horse  Ferry  Road
                                     London SW1P  2AE
                                     United Kingdom
 Principal Investigator(s):

 J.D.C.  Talamo
 Start Date:
Sept. 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated  npr.  IQTft
   Actual     nec,  1976
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
_X	  Development  (Component  or  System)
     Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                        Amount
                        (415,000)
                        Nil
                        Nil
$25,794
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
Noise Reduction of Tractors Not Fitted With Cabs

The goal was to assess the possibility of  achieving U.K. driver's ear noise limits without
fitting a cab to a tractor.
The approach was to determine the noise reductions needed  for  the component noise sources and
compare those with the noise reductions which  are possible using existing technology.  Methods
included measurement in a noise test chamber (semi-anechoic) and computer prediction of  combined
sound loads.
The results exceeded expectations:   a 43 h.p.  tractor was  treated and tested to obtain a maximum
noise level of 88 dBA with no loss of power (reduced from  10 dBA).

Reference:
Talamo J.D.C.  Tractor noise reduction exercises  1976:  Reducing the noise level at the driver
on a 43 h.p.  tractor without a cab.   NIAE Dep. Note DN/E/744/1430  (Unpublished) 1976.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                   242

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ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES

BUILDING ACOUSTICS


See Also Pages:

      132
      173
      264
      272
       243

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-------
                                                                       Building Acoustics
                                                                       Japan
Project Title:

    Research  on  the Mechanism of the Floor Impact Noise Generation
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
Research Laboratory,  Shimizu
Construction Co., Ltd.
2-1, Takara-machi, Chuo-ku
Tokyo,  Japan
                                     Sponsoring  Organization  Name  &  Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

T. Oribasa
K. Kubota
Start Date:

1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated   1983
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                     (*6,000,000) $22,026
                     (11,000,000) $3,671
                     unknown
                                                Or  Total  Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
The goals
The effective planning method of the reduction on the  floor  impact noise.

The approach
By the scale model experiments.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                  245

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                                                                     Building Acoustics
                                                                     United Kingdom
Project Title:   investigations  of  Potential  for  Combining Thermal Insulation and Sound
                 Absorption in Industrial  Buildings
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
 Sound Research Laboratories Ltd.
 Holbrook Hall
 Little Waldingfield
 Suffolk, United Kingdom
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

J. R. Cowell
Start Date:
 Nov.  1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated Summer 1977
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
___  Measurement Methodology
               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount: (under -i 5,000)   $8598.
                                                COMMENTS:
 To examine how far  thermal insulation  (used in industrial building construction)  can double
 as sound absorbing  material  to reduce  industrial noise levels, thereby allowing economy of
 construction.   Tests will be carried out on alternative roof deck constructions to assess the
 interaction between thermal  insulation, acoustic absorption and condensation,  within the context
 of weatherproofing  requirements and normal decking constructions, to obtain optimum performance
 in terms of each variable.   The outline plan for the research has been developed and detailed
 tests procedures being  finalised.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                  246

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                                                                      Building Acoustics
                                                                      United Kingdom
Project Title:
               Noise and Vibration Transmission in Concrete Structures
Performing Organization Name & Address:
London University, Chelsea College:
Department of Physics
Magresa Road
London, SW3
                   United Kingdom
Principal Investigator(s):

Dr. H.G. Leventhall
P.P. Chatterton
Start Date:

Oct. 1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Sept. 1976
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                     Sponsoring  Organization  Name  &  Address:
                                     Science Research Council
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
     Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Productioii)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total  Funding  Amount:  (£16,000)  $27,514.

                                               COMMENTS:
To investigate vibration and noise transmission paths in buildings.   Equipment is being developed
to measure energy transmission between locations in a structure.   Large element of field work will
be involved.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                 247

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                                                                     Building Acoustics
                                                                     West Germany
  Project  Title:
                 Analysis of Research Results for DIN 4108 and DIN 4109
  Performing Organization Name & Address:

   German Commission on Norms
   Berlin, Reichpietschuffer  72-76
   West Germany
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                 Federal Ministry for Land Use, Home Construction
                                 and Urban Development
  Principal  Investigator (s):
  Start  Date:

  June 1, 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                    ActualMay 31.  1976
                                               Funding:
  Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
  goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
  report(s)  generated  and  the date(s) of
  publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual)
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                 T~_ _ C21, Q00_ DM). $10., 6J30_
                                                 COMMENTS:
        The Federal Ministry for Land Use,  Home Construction  and  Urban Development  has  spent

considerable funds to support research in the area of  heat  and  sound  insulation.  The reports
on the results are available.  It is now indispensable to adapt the recognized  construction

principles for sonic and thermal insulation (DIN 4108  and DIN 4109) to these  new  insights.
        1)  Analysis of the available research reports and  selection  of the themes  which
        should be considered in developing  norm guidelines  on heat and sound  insulation.
        2)  Proposals for appropriate formulation and  justification before the  participating
        organizations.

        3)  Integration of the insights,  taking into consideration practical  necessities.
        4)  Allowing for experimental results obtained by other nations,  insofar  as possible

        and advisable.
        5)  Comprehensive report on the insights which have flown from construction research

        into norm development.
Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                    248

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                                                              Building Acoustics
                                                              West  Germany
Project Title:
              Major Construction Project, Columbus Center in Bremerhaven
Performing Organization Name  & Address:

Institute for  Acoustical  and Vibration
Technology
Hamburg 70, Fehmarnstr.  12
West  Germany
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                   Neue Heimat Word
                                   Bremen
                                   West Germany
Principal Investigator(s):

Manfred Kessler
Start  Date:

Jan.1,1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project  Summary:  (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                          Funding:
                              Year
                              1976  (actual):
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):
                                                                    Amount
                                             Or  Total Funding Amount: £200 , OOOJ>MI$84 , 800

                                             COMMENTS:
                   Extensive urban  building  project with professional

         installations  and homes.   Research in the areas of environmental

         protection (traffic noise,  machine noise),  building  acoustics,

         space  acoustics.
 Translated  and transcribed from the original,
                                             249

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                                                         Building  Acoustics
                                                         West Germany
 Project Title:  Computation of Real Noise Propagation Within Certain Built-Up Conditions
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

Technical Monitoring Association
Koeln,  Konstantin-Wille-STR. 1
West  Germany
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal Investigator(s):

Dipl.  Phys. W.  Gloeckner
 Start Date:
May  1,1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                  Actual  Jan 30.1976
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
 publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                            Funding:
                              Year
                              1976  (actual):
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):
                       Amount
                       (8,OOODM)$3,392
                                             Or Total Funding Amount:

                                             COMMENTS:
                    Computation is  to  follow  an existing  model,  using

         documentation collected by  Prof. Roeurer under  a commission  from

         MAG  (URW).   The  documentation is entitled "Possible  solutions  for

         the  close  bunching of industry and  residences  by means of architectural

         shapes  and  good  planning."   This is to be transposed  from the

         perspective of noise levels  so as to achieve  an optimum solution.
         Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                           250

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                                                                Building Acoustics
                                                                West Germany
Project Title:
                Noise Abatement with Sanitation Planning
Performing Organization  Name S, Addrcsh
Dr. Gluck, Universitatsdozent
Institut Fur Bauingenienrwesen VI
Technische Universitat Munchen
Arcisstrasse 21,  D-8000 Munich 2
West Germany   	
Principal  Investigator (s):

Dr. Ing. Gluck
Dipl.-Ing.  Bandmann
Start Date:
 1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                             1977
Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                  Bundesminister Fur Ranmordnung
                                  Baunesen und Madiebam
                                  Deichmannsane
                                  D-5300 Bonn Bad Godesberg
                                  West Germany
Type of Research  Program:

  Y   Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
  ^   Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                                        6DM- Wt,000} ^68,-264
                                                COMMENTS:
                Working out of  possibilities with state sanitation planning,

   noise protection aspects to  be  taken  into account, practical testing on 3  case studies.

                Publication:  Literature series of the Federal Minister for Rural

   Planning,  Building Systems and  Municipal Construction.  Volume 03.052.
   Translated and transcribed  from  the original.
                                               251

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                                                              Building Acoustics
                                                              Netherlands
Project Title:
                 Taking  Inventory  of Possibilities of Acoustically Favorable Territory
                 Divisions  of  Institutions and Industrial Areas
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:
                                 Public Health  and  Environmental Hygiene Dept.

                                   Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
    est
    1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
              Funding:
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
            The noise sources on the territory of institutions can be of a wide variety of

    shapes and sizes.  Often by a favorable mutual positioning of these, sources

    with a high noise level can be shielded by other sources or installations arid build-

    ings with respect to noise-sensitive objects in the vicinity.  It is also sometimes
    possible to utilize the radiation properties in certain directions to minimize the

    noise load at a certain area.  The internal division and situation can not only be of

    importance for noise loading on the environment of the institutions but also for

    the bordering companies.  The study should list the possibilities in this field.
    Translated and transcribed from the original Dutch.
                                                   252

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                                                              Building Acoustics
                                                              Netherlands
Project Title:
                  Experience  With Noise-Reducing Devices in the Residential Situation
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                   Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                          Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator (s):
Start Date:
     est
     1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or  Total  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
            Within  the framework of the future noise nuisance law, in certain heavy load
     situations,  a reconstruction program will have to be conducted, the purpose of
     which will be to reduce  the noise load to acceptable proportions.  Besides measures
     at  the  institutions, in  this connection,  devices can also be used in residences
     as  well as screening devices between residences and industry.  The installation of
     such devices (on a voluntary basis) can have unfavorable side effects, as a result of
     which the residents will not feel the situation to have been improved.  One may think
     of  the  "bunker  effect" and maintenance problems in the case of extra noise insulation of
     residences and  the landscape disturbance by screens and walls.  The study has the
     purpose of obtaining by conducting interviews an insight into the opinion of such
     devices by the  residents.  The results can also be used for improving insight into
     the relationship between the noise load and the extent of the nuisance.  Relationships
     should be sought with the corresponding projects in the research programs for
     traffic noise and aviation noise.
    Translated and transcribed from the original  Dutch.
                                                   253

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                                                                   Building  Acoustics
                                                                   Netherlands
Project Title:
                Domestic Machinery and Appliances (Central Heating and  Sanitary)
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning
                                Ministry of Public Health and Environmental
                                  Protection
                                Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator (s):
Start Date:

1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1S76 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
This project will research standard possibilities for the placement  of  technical  installations
and appliances in the home in such a way that noise levels in adjacent  "noise sensitive" rooms
will be as low as possible.  This research should take into account  both noise sensitive rooms
in the same dwelling and  those in the neighboring dwelling(s).

A schematic diagram showing the relations on "rooms and noise levels resulting from domestic
machinery & appliances" should be prepared in this project.

Because the concept here  is one of spatial arrangement of elements in the home, the rules
of modular co-ordination  will have to be taken into consideration.

The first phase of this project will be a review of available publications  on the subject.
Transcribed from the  original.
                                                     254

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                                                                       Building Acoustics
                                                                       United Kingdom
Project Title: Predicting Sound Levels

               (a)  in Air-Conditioned Rooms
                                             (b) the Sound Problems in Landscaped Offices
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Loughborough University of Technology
Leis, England
                                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
D.J. Croome
Start Date:
               Completion Date:
                  Estimated 	
                  Actual
                                                Type of  Research Program:
                                                     Fundamental
                                                     Development (Component or System)
                                                     Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
                                                     Production)
                                                     Measurement Methodology
                                1980
                                                              Funding:
                                               Year
                                               1976  (actual):
                                               1977  (budget):
                                               1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or  Total  Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)

 (a) Air-conditioning noise is, of course,
 only  one part of the background noise spec-
 trum  for a  space,  but it has become  signi-
 ficant over the last decade as more  high
 velocity systems are being installed, and as people have become more sensitive to internal noise
 sources in  buildings well insulated  from the external environment.  Research has been carried
 out to investigate the nature and level of sound emitted in rooms served by air-conditioning
 systems.  An initial survey measured the sound spectra in 74 university lecture rooms.  Fans,
 motors, vee-belt drives and an airflow system were then installed to serve one lecture room.
 It was found that  the sound pressure level in the room could be predicted by the equation:

                            L=40(—r
                            L=37.4
where L is the sound pressure level in dB(A), v is the air velocity in the main duct and N is
the fan speed (rpm).  Furthur field studies are being undertaken on many systems in buildings
to find out if a general formula can be applied in practice.

(b) the aims of the study were:

     a) to establish the suitability of the Articulation Index as an acoustic design criterion
        for landscaped offices;
     b) to investigate the acoustical environment within a specific office, with particular
        attention being paid to the problems of privacy;
     c) to form some conclusions as to the effectiveness of modern and classical theory in the
        prediction of the acoustical environment within landscaped offices.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                 255

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                                                                     Building Acoustics
                                                                     USSR
Project Title:
                   Testing Sound-Absorbent Linings in Large Work Shops
Performing Organization  Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific  Research  Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial  Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                  All  Union Central Council
                                  All  Union Central Scientific Research Institute
                                    of Industrial Hygiene
                                  Leningrad, USSR
Principal Investigator (s):

I. M. Vitrinsky and D.  Kh.  Slobodnik
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected  or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Testing of various  sound-absorbent linings is described in production shops  of  nails,  rubberized
fabric shoes and cotton  fabrics.  Linings of reinforced concrete ceilings  and walls were  tested
for their noise-minimizing effect in large shops, e.g., 150 x 75 m or 150  2t 40  m.  and  5 to  13.5 m.
high.   Noise levels and  noise frequency spectra were measured at several points in the shops
before and after installation of linings.  A decrease of noise levels by 4 to 7 dB was observed
in several points of the shops.

It is  concluded that the sound- absorbent linings are as effective in large shops,  with plane
dimensions much greater  than height, as in small shops.
Translated and  abstracted from the origianl Russian.
                                                 256

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                                                                     Building Acoustics
                                                                     USSR
Project Title:
                  Sound  Absorbent Resonance Grating for Lining of Industrial Premises
Performing Organization Name & Address:

All Union Central Scientific  Research  Institute]
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                       Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:

                                 All Union Central  Council
                                 All Union Central  Scientific Research  Institute
                                   of Industrial  Hygiene
                                 Leningrad,  USSR
Principal  Investigator (s):
V. F. Lukashevich and A.  S.  Churilin
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual  	
Type  of  Research Program:

	   Fundamental
	   Development (Component or  System)
	   Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
      Production)
	   Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Suiranary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                                 Or TotaJ  Funding Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
A new sound-absorbent lining structure for  industrial premises was developed and tested by
the authors.  The lining is described as  a  network  of rectangular sloping plates of metal,
heat-resistant reinforced plastics or other sheet material, excluding porous materials.
The experiment showed predominance of h.f.  resonance effect in total frequency characteristic
of the network of vertical sloping plates.   Measurement of the coefficient (•=*) of sound
absorption by the reverberation method is described.  The best results (the best frequency
characteristic of <--* ) were obtained with 50 cm. large plates, spaced at 20 cm. intervals,
with a 10 to 30° slope.  An improved model  of  plates network exhibited    = 0.3 to 0.6 in
the 125 to 1000 Hz band and «* = 0.6 to 0.8  in  the 1000 to 8000 Hz band.  Testing was carried
out at the Pamfilov Academy of Municipal  Services in Leningrad.
Translated and abstracted from the original  Russian.
                                                 257

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                                       Building Acoustics
                                       Abbreviated Listings
East Germany.  Study of a Technique for Measuring Acoustic
Attenuation Caused by the Elements Constituting the Outer
Walls (Laboratory and In Situ Measurements).  Central  Insti-
tute for Occupational Safety, 8020 Dresden, Gerhart -  Hauptmann
- Strasse, East Germany.

France.   Reduction of Noise in Pipes by Means of Active Absorbers.
National Center for Scientific Research, 31, Chemin Joseph-Aig-
uier, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 2, France. M. Jessel, T.  Angelini.

France.     Noise Dissipation in Structures by Visco-Elastic Materials,
National Center for Scientific Research, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aig-
uier, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 2, France. Y. Jullien.

West Germany.  Determining the Imprecision of Rapid Measurement
of Architectural Acoustics.  Federal Institute of Physics and
Technology Acoustics Division, Bundesallee 100, Postfach 345,
3300 Braunschweig, West Germany. W. Kallenbach, P. Dammig.
                             258

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 ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES

IMPACT AND VIBRATIONS

   See Also Pages:

          28
          29
         103
         106
         131
         200
         217
         245
         247
         300
         311
           259

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                                                                        Impact and  Vibration
                                                                        Argentina
Project Title.  Dynamic  Behavior of  Structural  Elements  Carrying Elastically
 Supported  Motors and  Engines.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Institute de Mecanica Aplicada
Base Naval Puerto Belgrano
8111 Argentina
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones
                                Cientificas y Tecnicas
                                Rivadavia 1917
                                Buenos Aires, Argentina
Principal Investigator(s):

Dr. Patricio A.  A.  Laura
Ing. Jose L. Pombo
Start Date:
Jan. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated    Dec.
   Actual   40%
                                    1978
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research  Program:

X	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement  Methodology
              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                      U.S.  5000   dollars
                      U.S.  10,000 dollars
                      U.S.  15,000 dollars
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
Naval and mechanical engineers  are very often confronted with the problem of  mounting  different
varieties of engines and motors on structural elements.  In order to avoid dangerous resonance
situations the designer must  be able  to predict natural frequencies of the overall mechanical
system:  structure-motor and  its elastic mounting.
Ultimately he should also determine mode shapes and dynamic stresses induced  by any dynamic
disturbance generated by the  engine.
The investigation performed belongs to a broad but detailed long-range research plan aimed
at the improvement of dynamic design  of structural elements.  More specifically,  the ultimate
goal is to provide the basis  for more rational design procedures.
Publications resulting from this research program are published in Journal of Sound and
Vibration, Applied Acoustics, Journal of Ship Research, etc.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                    261

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                                                                    Impact and Vibration
                                                                    Argentina
Project Title:
Vibration Analysis of Electronic Equipment
Performing Organization Name  & Address:
Institute de Mecanica Aplicada
Base Naval Puerto Belgrano
8111 Argentina
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:

                                     CONICET
                                     Rivadavia 1917
                                     Buenos Aires, Argentina
Principal Investigator(s):
Dr. Patricio A. A. Laura
Ing. Jose L. Pombo
Start Date:
Jan. 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Dec. 1978
   Actual     55%	
                                                Type of Research Program:

                                                 X   Fundamental
                                                	  Development (Component  or  System)
                                                	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype, or
                                                     Production)
                                                	  Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                                Year
                                                1976 (actual):
                                                1977 (budget):
                                                1978 (forecast):
                                                         Amount
                                                         U.S. $2,000 dollars
                                                         U.S. $2,500 dollars
                                                         U.S. 10,000 dollars
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach, expected or  actual  results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
publication.)

When a printed-circuit board (PCB)  vibrates
especially in coincidence with one  of its
natural frequencies-connectors work loose,
component leads snap,  and the  board may  even
crack /!/.
Obviously, any of these conditions  lead  to  malfunction of  the electronic  system.   The  design
engineer must be able, then,  to determine natural frequencies of  the mechanical  system.
Traditionally, PCB's mostly have been rectangular and supported around  the  edges,  either
continuously or at several points.  However,  growing  use of  electronics in  unusual new
applications is bringing new challenges  to  packaging  design  /!/.
Cylindrical housings may require a  circular PCB;  others may  need  triangular or hexagonal
printed circuit boards.
From a mathematical viewpoint, "exotic"  boundary  shapes generate  serious  analytical difficulties.
Approximate methods such as finite  differences, finite elements,  variational procedures,  etc.,
must be used.   The powerful finite  element  technique  is undoubtedly, today,  the most popular
method among analysts.
The present research deals with a comparison of results obtained  by means of analytical,
numerical and experimental methods.

References
1.  D. S. Steinberg,  1976,  Machine  Design,  May 20,  pp.  116-119, "Avoiding Vibration in Odd-
    Shaped Printed Circuit Boards".
2.  P. A. A. Laura, "The Numerical  Solution of Eigenvalue  Problems in Domains of Complicated
    Boundaries", Sixth International  Congress  on  Acoustics,  Tokyo, Japan, 1968.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                     262

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                                                                   Impact and Vibration
                                                                   Denmark
Project TJtJe:
               Measurement and Evaluation of  Impulse  Noise

Pctformiui; Organization JJanc f-  Address:

  National  Agency of Environmental
  Protection
  Kampmanusgade 1
  1604 Kobenhaven, Denmark
Principal "Investigator (s) :

  National  Agency  of  Environmental
  Protection
Sl.art Date:

   1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated   1-978
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                    Sponsoring Organization Naire i Address:
                               Type o£  R.cscarch Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component  or  System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                            Funding:
                                             Year
                                                                     Amount
                               1976  (actual):
                               1977  (budget):     (50.000 D.kr.) $8,245
                               1978  (forecast):

                               Or Total Funding Amount:

                               COMMENTS:
 Measurement  and Evaluation of Impulse Noise:   a study  illuminating

  problems  in connection with  correction  for imnulse noise.
                                             263

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                                                             Impact and Vibration
                                                             West Germany
               Investigation of Vibration - and Stress Crack Corrosion in Unalloyed or Low-
Alloy Steels for Devices Used in Environmental Technology,  and Particularly in Dust Removal
Installations
Performing Organization Name & Address:

 Metallgesellschaft Corp.
 Frankfurt 1, Postfach 3724
 West Germany
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                   German  Society  for Chemical  Instrumentation
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:

 Aug. 1, 1974
Completion Date:
   Estimated  July 1, 1977
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount:
                                               ~	I451«.OQO_DM)_$ 191,224.
                                               COMMENTS:
              Vibration crack corrosion in elements subjected to alternating mechanical

       stress can  lead to premature fracture.  Therefore information on such corrosion and

       its  impact  level in chemical installations is of general interest.  It is the purpose

       of this project to gather such data for the most important construction material,

       steel, under actual practical conditions.  Vibration and stress crack corrosion is also

       to be studied in electrofliters used for dust removal.  These filters are well suited

       for  operational tests in which the effect of the material's characteristics, and of

       the  mechanical and chemical components on vibration and stress crack corrosion are

       tested in both unalloyed and low-alloy steels - Chemical and mechanical parameters are

       to be studied in laboratory tests and the results are to be compared.
      Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                 264

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                                                                 Impact  and  Vibration
                                                                 Netherlands
 Project Title:
    Taking Inventory of the Occurrence of Vibration Nuisances Caused by Institutions
 Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:

                                  Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                  Amsterdam, Netherlands
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Start Date:
  est
  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
 goals, approach, expected or actual  results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s)  of
 publication.)
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or  System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
        An inventory should be taken of the cases where vibration nuisances  arise  in  the
vicinity of institutions in order to establish standards and to  formulate management  measures
with respect to vibration nuisances caused by institutions.   These can involve vibration
nuisances in residential districts and the like and in the adjoining  businesses.   On  the
basis of the results of this study, a further study can be planned on the possibilities of
eliminating vibration nuisances.
Translated and transcribed from the original  Dutch.
                                                   265

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                                                                    Impact and Vibration
                                                                    United Kingdom
  rojec   i  e. Structural Modelling by the Curve Fitting  of Measured Frequency Response Data
 Performing Organization Name  & Address:
 Institute of Sound and Vibration Research
 The  University, Southampton
 509  5NH Hants
 United Kingdom
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
 Principal Investigator(s):

 H. G. D. Goyder
 Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                                Funding:
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach, expected or  actual results,
 report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                 COMMENTS:
This report presents a method  for deriving  the vibration characteristics of a structure
from a set of measured frequency response functions.

A general mathematical model is  formulated  which makes no assumption concerning the vibrational
behaviour of any particular structure.  This model is then employed in a curve fitting
procedure which enables the parameters  employed by the model to be determined from a set  of
measured data.  The model parameters  are directly meaningful, being in the form of  complex
resonance frequencies and mode shapes.

It is shown that once constructed, the  model may be used to predict frequency response functions
which have not been measured.  Consequently only one excitation station need be used when
measuring the transfer function  of a  structure.

Practical measurements taken from a beam are used to demonstrate the capability of  the modelling
technique to represent a structure.
Transcribed from the  original.
                                                  266

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                                                                       Impact and Vibration
                                                                       USSR
Project Title:
                  Minimizing Total Vibration of Operator Position by Cushioning Foundations
                  of  Vibration-Percussion Molding Plant
Performing  Organization Name & Address:
 All Union Central  Scientific Research Institut
   of Industrial Hygiene
 Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
 Leningrad,  USSR
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                   All Union Central Council
                                   All Union Central Scientific Research Institute
                                     of Industrial Hygiene
                                   Leningrad, USSR
Principal  Investigator (s):
 S.  A.  Osmakov
 F.  G.  Braude
 Yu. A.  Dzhaparidze
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
goals, approach,  expected or actual  results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s)  of
publication.)
                                                                          Amount
                                 1976  (actual):
                                 1977  (budget):
                                 1978  (forecast):
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                 COMMENTS:
 Formulas are derived for the parameters of vibration-insulated foundation of a dynamic
 vibration molding plant.  The spring-mounted foundation  is  supported by a case.  Single
 or double rubber arresters limit displacement of  the working plant member on its foundation.
 An example is given of calculation of case vibrations  for the double arrester variant.  A
 block diagram of the spring-mounted foundation is shown.  A dynamic vibration plant was
 constructed at the Leningradorgstroy trust,  for molding  concrete slabs for sidewalk pavement.
 Vibration rate of 0.092 cm/sec,  was measured at operator's  locations.  This rate is close
 to the calculated rate and does  not exceed the tolerance equal to 0.2 cm/sec.
Translated and abstracted  from  the original Russian.
                                                 267

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                                                                    Impact and Vibration
                                                                    USSR
Project Title:
                    Definition and Classification Criteria of Impulse  Noise
Performing Organization Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific  Research Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 All Union Central Council
                                 All Union Central Scientific Research Institute
                                   of Industrial Hygiene
                                 Leningrad, USSR
Principal  Investigator (s):

E. D. Vervekin and V.  V.  Kuznetsov
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual) :
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or  TotaJ  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
 Impulse noise is defined as aural perception of  a  single or a series of consecutive impacts.
 The  noise classification criteria proposed in the  last  few years are criticized as physiologically
 inadequate.  The authors propose to use pulse repetition rate of, the pears factor D and pulse
 front  life-time tf as the criteria of noise pulsation,  which are the most important characteristics
 of damage inflicted on people by impulse noise.  Methods of measuring the cited criteria are
 briefly outlined.  The objective classification  criteria of noise pulsations are given as
 follows:                           )
                                  /J-20 GHz
                                tf  5200 msec.
 and  D  = Limp.  (J) - LF(SO    6 dBA
 (Limp (J)   is  the  quasi-peak sound level, Lp is background noise  level).
 Translated  and abstracted from the original Russian.
                                                268

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                                                                     Impact and Vibration
                                                                     USSR
Project Title:
                  Sources  of Mechanical Noise from Machines and Ways of Minimizing Noise
Performing Organization Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific Research  Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory of Industrial Acoustics
Leningrad, USSR
                                      Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
                                  All Union Central  Council
                                  All Union Central  Scientific Research Institute
                                    of Industrial  Hygiene
                                  Leningrad,  USSR
Principal Investigator (s):

I. M. Vitrinsky, N. V.  Korchina,  and
Z. V. Trandina
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected  or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total  Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Shock forces generated by impact of  machine elements are cited as the principal sources  of
machine noise.  Several methods are  given  for minimizing machine noise by controlling shock
forces.  Simultaneous control of several parameters determining a shock force is recommended
to achieve the maximum effect.   Such an effect may be obtained by vibration insulation of
impacting elements, e.g., a gear rim from  its boss or a bearing bush from supporting structure.
 Translated and abstracted from the original Russian.
                                                  269

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                                                                   Impact and Vibration
                                                                   USSR	
Project Title:
                Calculation of Vibration Insulation of Technical Equipment Mounted on Overhead
                Covers of Industrial Buildings
Performing Organization  Name & Address:

All Union Central Scientific Research Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Industrial Acoustics Laboratory
Moscow, USSR
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                    All Union Central  Scientific Research Institute
                                      of Industrial  Hygiene
                                    Moscow,  USSR
Principal Investigator (s):

Yu. M. Vasil'yev
A.  S. Knyazev
A.  N. Rybakov
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Suir-mary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                COMMENTS:
 A  procedure is described for calculating parameters of vibration insulation of equipment mounted
 on overhead covers of industrial buildings.   An  example of the calculation is given for an air
 blower mounted on a spring shock absorber.  Wave effects of the overhead cover, e.g.  a pivotally
 supported plate of reinforced concrete,  are taken into account.
 Translated  and abstracted from the original Russian.
                                                 270

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                                                                   Impact and Vibration
                                                                   USSR
Project Title:
                 Practical Standardization of Vibrations  of Machines and Equipment
Performing Organization Name & Address:
All Union Central Scientific Research Institute
  of Industrial Hygiene
Industrial Acoustics Laboratory
Moscow, USSR
                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                      All Union Central  Scientific Research
                                        Institute of  Industrial Hygiene
                                      Moscow,  USSR
Principal Investigator (s):
Yu. M. Vasil'yev
Ya. G. Gotlib
Start Date:
Completion Date
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
Project Sumnary:   (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or  actual results,
report(s) generated and  the date(s) of
publication.)
                                 Year
                                 1976 (actual):
                                 1977 (budget):
                                 1978 (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or TotaJ Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Establishment and control of practical  standards for industrial machines and equipment  are
discussed.  The practical standard of vibration is defined as the threshold vibrational
characteristic of a machine in contrast to hygienic and sanitary standards.  The latter deal
exclusively with involving conditions and attempt to insure the safety of the operator.
Quantitative evaluation of practical standards for different machine types is examined  in
detail.
Translated and abstracted from the  original Russian.
                                                 271

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                                        Impact  and  Vibration
                                        Abbreviated Listings
 East  Germany.   Determining  the  Effect  on  Buildings  of  Struct-
 ural  Noises  Emitted  by Machines.   Central Institute for  Occup-
 ational  Safety,  8020 Dresden, Gerhury  - Hauptmann  - Strasse 1,
 East  Germany.   Theoretical  study  and  in_ situ, measurements.

 Norway.   Vibration  Isolation.   SINTEF,  The Laboratory  of Acoustics,
 ELAB,  Universitetet  I Trondheim,  7034  Trondheim, Norway. January
 1,  1977- Jan 1,  1978. Survey  of shock  and vibration isolation
 techniques.   Possibilities  and  limitations inherent in various
 isolation methods.   Prediction  methods.

 USSR.   Study and  Implementation of Effective Methods of  Combating
 Noise  and Vibrations.  Naucno-Issledovatel 'Skij I  Proiknyj
Institut Po Gazocistnym  Soorusenijam,  Tehnike Bezopasnosti I
 Ohrane Truda V  Promyslennosti Stroitel ' Nryh Materialov  (Nip-
 iotstrom), Anapskoe  Sosse  15, Novorossijsk,  USSR.
                               272

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ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES




PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS





  See  Also  Page:




       152
        273

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                                                                     Physical  Acoustics
                                                                     United Kingdom
Project Title:
                 Propagation  of Noise  from High Chimneys
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Central Electricity Research Laboratories
Kelvin Avenue
Heatherhead, Surrey  KT22 75E
United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     Central Electricity Generating Boards
Principal Investigator(s):

C.M. Brownsey
D.R.A. Christie
D.C. Watts
Start Date:

March 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated Mar.  1978
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                                                        $g,59S - $17,196". ~
                                               Or Total Funding Amount: (£5,000.- -t!0,000.)

                                               COMMENTS:
 To obtain information on the nature and magnitude of the sound  pressure level fluctuations in
 noise received at ground level which has been radiated from high chimneys; and to assess the
 significance of these fluctuations from the viewpoint of public  acceptability.

 In the preliminary work, completed in 1973, model tests were undertaken to assess the effects
 of the temperature of the exhaust gases and wind-induced plume  distortion on the directivity
 of the noise emitted from gas-turbine exhaust stacks.  The programme  of work now includes
 model tests of chimney outlet configurations designed to give noise cancellation effects at
 ground level.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                275

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                                                             Physical Acoustics
                                                             West Germany
 Project Title:
                   Research on the  Transmission  Function  of  Machinery  in Regard
 to  Noise  Generation.                 	
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

   Department  for  Machine, Elements and Gears,
   Technological Institute,
   Darmstadt,  Magdalenenstr. 8-10
   West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name f» Address:

                                    Working G.roup of I.ndustrial Re-search
                                    Associations
 Principal Investigator(s):

   Dr.  Ing.  Dieter  Foeller
 Start Date:

Jan.  1,  1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
Dec. 31,  1976
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                   Type of Research Program:

                   	  Fundamental
                        Development (Component or System)
                   	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
                        Production)
                   	  Measurement Methodology
Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                                                 DM)107,272
                                                COMMENTS :
              Experimental study of the radiation intensity of machine housing, evaluation of

      radiation intensity (with due regard for the physical laws)  for spherical and plane ra-

      diation.   Investigation of the structural noise behavior of  machines with the method

      of the "finite  elements".

              Evaluation of the transmission admittance of  typical machine structures.

      Elaboration of  construction guidelines and calculation bases for the design of lower-

      noise machines.
      Translated  and  Transcribed  from  the Original
                                                  276

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                                                               Physical Acoustics
                                                               West  Germany
Project Title:
                 Research to  Determine  the Distribution  of Noise Levels  by
Meteorological  Influences  in the Lower Atmosphere.       	
Performing Organization Name & Address:

 Technical Monitoring Association
 Rheinland E.V.
 Koeln, Konstantin-Wille-Str.  1
 Western Germany
Principal Investigator(s):

    Dr. S.C.  Martinez
Start Date:

 Feb. 1,1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated  June 30, 1977
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                     Ministry for Labor,  Health  and Welfare,
                                     Duesseldorf
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                                       _(130.000. DM)_ $76^320	
                                               COMMENTS:
             Elaboration of a computer program for computing  noise  intensity levels at ex-
      tended  distance from a source of sound, using measured aerological data.  Comparison
      and  evaluation by means of various existing computation  methods.  Establishment
      of an optimum computer program.  Application of the program to various point-sources
      of noise  at different levels, under different weather  conditions and wind directions.
      Computation of noise intensity in the vicinity of spread-out industrial installations.
      Statistical analysis of the results and comparison with  measurements.
      Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                 277

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                                                    Physical  Acoustics
                                                    West Germany
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Start Date:
Apr.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual jept .30,1976
Project Summary:  (Briefly  describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the datc(s) of
publJcanion.)
 Project Title:
               Determination of the  Mechanical  Input Impedance in Machine Elements
 as well as  Development  of Measures  to Achieve  Higher Impedance, with  Examples.
 Performing  Organization Name  & Address:
Ingenieurbuero K.P.  Schmidt VDI
Mettman, West Germany
                                   Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                  Federal Minister  for Labor  and
                                  Social Welfare
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  DemonstratJon (Experimental, Prototype,
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
             Funding :
                              1976  (actual):
                              1977  (budget):
                              1978  (forecast):
                                            Or_ Total  Funding Amount :( 3 5 5 , OOODM) $ 65 , 7 2 0

                                            COMMENTS :
                The  resistance  (impedance)  which counteracts the  formation

      of  noise-generating vibrations is to  be  ascertained  by means  of

      experimental  investigation.   On structural elements  of machine

      construction,  a  catalog is  then to be prepared,  listing input  impedance

      for each of the  structural  elements typically used  in machine  design.

      In  addition,  measures are  to be proposed for raising input  impedance.
   Translated  and transcribed from  the original,
                                           278

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                                               Physical Acoustics
                                               West  Germany    	
 Project Title:  Computation Of Noise  Dosage Distribution in  Factory Hangars.
 Performing Organization Name  & Address:
Institute and Chair  for Measurement
Teahnique in Machine Construction
Hannover.Nienburger  Strasse 17
W«st Germanv
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal Investigator(s):

 Dr.  Ing.  Walter Ecker
 Start Date:
 Jan.1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actualjun 30.1977
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                             Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                            Year
        Funding:
                                                   Amount
                             1976 (actual):
                             1977 (budget):
                             1978 (forecast):
                                            Or_ Total Funding Amount: (235 , OOODM)  $99,640

                                            COMMENTS:
                  Development of a  computer program for the  advance calculation

      of  immission level  in plant  hangars.  Production of a noise map,

      accordingly.  Basis for the  calculations  are acoustic and geometric

      data  from which  propagation  parameters  are deduced for both direct

      and  scattered sound.   Statistical theory,  verification of program

      by means of measurements in  principal points.   Further  control by

      construction of  an  acoustical   scale model (scale 1:10);  in it, also

      measurement of occasionally  fluctuating sounds and taking into

      consideration of  screening effect in advance computation,,
       Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                              279

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                                                                       Physical Acoustics
                                                                       France
Project Title:

     	Study of Barriers and Enclosures
Performing Organization Name & Address:

     INKS
     30, Rue  Olivier Noyer
     75680 Paris Cedex 14
     France
                                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

    H. Leblond
    P. Daniere
    J. L. Lecoq
Start Date:
               Completion Date:
                   Estimated 	
                   Actual
Type of  Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or  System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                                Year
                                                1976 (actual):
                                                1977 (budget):
                                                1978 (forecast):
                                                               Funding:
                                                                         Amount
                                                Or  Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report (s) generated  and  the date(s) of
publication.)

 1  - REASONS  FOR THE  STUDY
    Enclosures, when they are applicable, are
 after  reduction  at the source, an excellent
 means of  reducing noise.
    Unfortunately, many enclosures are still poorly made:   the cover  is  not well  dampened,  leaks,
 etc.  The results obtained with such devices  are deplorable.
 2  - CONTENTS OF THE  STUDY
    This  study is  intended to provide  practitioners with a document recalling   the  general
 principles and  providing information concerning- materials  to be  used:   isolation   index,
 internal  absorption, inflammability, weight in m , price.

    It is documentary above all (bibliography, information indicating manufacturers and
 specialized  laboratories), but could be complemented with  essays or  a theoretical study.

    Examples of realization, above all those in which the  entire enclosure could be  obtained
 by modifying  the  work  process slightly, are  given.

    In addition,  certain  "light" composite materials  and partial  enclosures  will be tried.
 3  - STATE OF PROGRESS
    A bibliographical  study  made  showed that certain characteristics  of acoustic materials
 currently being used are not  sufficiently  precise.

    Two  methods of measurement  that  make  it possible  to obtain:
       the absorption  coefficients under various conditions,  and
    -  the transmission or acoustic isolation  coefficients have been perfected.

 They make it possible  to try different  types of samples,  with the measurement methods  used
 by the INKS.
    The  attenuation caused by  various  types  of screens  that can be  used in industry  has
 been studied using a computer, for ideal conditions in an open field.  The influence  of
 reverberation in the site is in the process of being studied.
 4  - PURSUIT  OF THE STUDY
    The  theoretical   study of- the  influence  of screens and  partial  enclosures  will  be pursued.
 It will  be  compared with the results of experiments that will  be   conducted in a hollow chamber
 and in an industrial setting.
   Translated  and transcribed from  the  original
                                                        280

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                                                            Physical Acoustics
                                                            West Germany
Project Title--
               Experimental  Research on  the  Interaction  of Sound, Flow, Bodies
subjected Flow  Action and  Consumption  in a flame,
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Chair for Applied Mechanics and Fluid
 Dynamics,
 Goettingen,  Boettingerstr. 6-8
 West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name &  Address'
Principal Investigator (s) :
 Dipl.  Phys.  P.E.M.  Schneider
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or  actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                      Amount
                                               Or  Total  Funding  Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
             Sound generation and noise abatement in flames affected by sound which flow
      toward bodies; flames and flame turbulence; measurement of sound spectrums;  strobos-
      copic and schlieren optical observations.
     Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                   281

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                                                        Physical Acoustics
                                                        Western Germany
Project Title:

         Sound Abatement  by Condensater.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

   Chair  for Applied Mechanics and the
   Physics  of Fluids,
   Goettingen University
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                  German Research  Society
Principal Investigator(s):

    Dipl. Phys. Killer
Start Date:
 July 1,  1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
             Sound waves propating in a mixture of air and sub-microscopic water droplets

      is  subjected to extraordinarily  strong damping.   Experimental  research aims at determ-
      ining under what conditions — if at all — this effect  can  be used  to reduce noise
      caused by flow-through.
     Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                               282

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                                        Physical  Acoustics
                                        Abbreviated  Listings
East Germany.  Study on Models  of  the  Acoustical  Characteristics
of Machine Frames.  Central  Institute  for  Occupational  Safety,
8020 Dresden, Gerhart-Hauptmann  -  Strasse  1,  East Germany.

France.  Study of Noises Produced  by Friction.  National Center
for Scientific Research, 31  Chemin Joseph-Aiguier,  13274 Marseille,
Cedex 2, France. W. Bismuth  and  J.  M.  Tatraux - Paro.

France.  Possible Propagation of Noise.  Atomic Energy  Commission,
Protection and Environmental Study Ser., 85x  38041,  Grenoble,
France.

West Germany.  Effects of the Site Characteristics  on  the Measure-
ment of Noise.  The Rhine-Westphalia Technical  School  of Aachen,
Machine Research Service, Wuellnerstrasse  5,  5100 Aachen, West
Germany.
                            283

-------
                                                                      Physical Acoustics
                                                                      Swpden	
Project Title:
                  Study of  Noise Around  Industries.  Preliminary Study
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 IFM-Akustikbyran AB
 Box 30021
 400 43 Goeteborg 30
 Sweden
      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Statens Naturvardsverk
Fack
171 20 Solna,  Sweden
Principal Investigator(s):
 Lars Nordlund
Start Date:
 July 1, 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual    T,IT,O
 Type of Research Program:

 	  Fundamental
 	  Development (Component  or System)
 	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
      Production)
 v    Measurement Methodology
                                      1077
                                                               Funding:
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
 A series of measurements has been  carried out
 with measurements at 15 different  points
 around an industrial plant under varying
 weather conditions.
Year
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):
                                                                          Amount
Or  Total Funding Amount:   (55,000 sKr.)
~_	.$12,391	
COMMENTS:
 The results indicate that,  with a measurement reading at a point relatively close, the noise
 level at points at a farther distance  in  the same direction, can be estimated quite accurately.
 This is the case especially in "tail wind" conditions.  The close point, however, must not
 be selected so close to the industrial plant that it is affected by changes in the operating
 conditions of the noise sources with a more local effect.  The closest measurement point should
 be selected at a distance about twice  as  great as the extent of the industrial area.  A
 correction can be made between the  noise  level during "tail wind" conditions and the average
 noise level during varying weather  conditions.

 The spread of the measurement readings increases according to the distance from the noise
 source if all wind directions are included.  On the other hand, the spread does not seem to
 increase measurably with the distance  if  only "tail winds" are included.  At a distance
 of 1,000 meters, 21 independent measurings are required if all wind directions are included
 and a thoroughness with an average  of  + 2 dB(A) is desired; six measurings are required if
 the measuring is done only in "tail wind" conditions.

 The variations in the occasional octave bands do not seem to be much different from the
 variations in the A-measured sound  level.

 Restrictions on the wind velocity,  in  connection with measuring guidelines, seem to have
 little effect unless it is also required  that measurings be carried out in "tail wind" conditions.

 The 24-hour measurements made at one point indicate that readings during periods lasting up
 to five minutes are unreliable. In order to obtain relevant measurements a type of sampling
 must be used which extends over a longer  period of time.

 Publication

 Report 13 6050.01 "Noise Spread Around Industries".  Preliminary Study, June 1977.
  Translated and transcribed from the original Swedish
                                                   2«4

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    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES

MEASUREMENT AND METHODOLOGY


      See Also  Pages:

            28
            50
            55
            161
            217
            219
            255
            263
            277
            279
            283
            285

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                                                                   Measurement and Methodology
                                                                   Finland
 Project Title:
 Industrial Noise .
-Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Institute of Occupational Health
 Laajaniityntie 1
 01620 Vantaa 62
 Finland
                                                      Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                                      Nordforsk
                                                Type of Research Program:

                                                ___  Fundamental
                                                	  Development (Component or System)
                                                	  Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype, 01
                                                     Production)
                                                 X   Measurement Methodology
-Principal Investigator(s):

 Jukka Starck
 Start Date:

 Jan. 5, 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated Aug.  1978
   Actual
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication. )
                                                               Funding:
                                                Year
                                                                         Amount
                                                1976  (actual):
                                                1977  (budget):    (20,000 FM)   $4,900
                                                1978  (forecast):  (50,000PM)  $12,250

                                                Or Total Funding  Amount:   (70,000 FM) $17,150

                                                COMMENTS:
 This project is  being  carried out in co-operation with Lydteknisk Laboratorium,  Denmark,
 Akustisk Laboratorium, Norway and Statens Provningsanstalt, Sweden.

 The aim of  the project is the sampling of noise emission in the metal and wood industries.
 The project has  the  following three phases:

 I      Development of  the sampling method in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
        Development of noise measurement methods.

 II    'Practical control of the measuring method.

 Ill    Establishment of collection system for noise results.
 Transcribed  from  the original.
                                                   287

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                                                                   Measurement and Methodology
                                                                   Japan
Project Title: A  Study  on the  Original
 and Labor,  etc.  Required  to .Produce
 t-n  <-Vio Conora f ^ ^n nf—T? g c f r» V y
                                             Unit (Standard  amount of Materials, Power
                                             a  Prescribed Amount  of Product)  in "elation
--. Performing Organization Name & Address:

  Fujitsu Fakoma Limited
  11-36-5 Shinbashi
  Minato-ku, Tokyo
  Japan
                                                    Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                                Air Quality Bureau
                                                Environmental  Agency
                                                1-1-3  Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku
                                                Tokyo,  Japan
Principal Investigator(s):

Ogiso Daisuke
Start Date:
Jan. 1977
                 Completion Date:
                    Estimated 	
                    Actual
                                                 Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development (Component or System)
     Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
                          March 1977
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
repoit(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
              Funding:
Year                    Amount
197~6 (actual):
1977 (budget):          $246
1978 (forecast):
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
 Based upon the actual measurement of the factory noise,  a regression formula of the noise
 generated in each class and  scale of a factory was obtained.  However, due to the complexity
 of  the noise distribution, it  was confirmed that subsequent  study was necessary.
 Translated and transcribed from the original Japanese.
                                                 288

-------
                                                                     Measurement  and Methodology
                                                                     Netherlands
 1'rojccL TitJe:
                Microphone  array
 Performing  Organisation  Naive  &  Address:
Hoogovens IJmuiden EV
Afd. Milieuhygie'nisch Onderzoek
IJmuiden
Holland
                                                     Sponsoring Organization Nair.e & Address:
                                                     none   (until now)
 Principal  Investigator(s):
see: performing organisation
 Start Date:
 Jan. 1977
                Completion Date:
                   Estimated  1978
                   Actual      -
                                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                                Year
                                                1976 (actual): -
                                                1977 (budget):
                                                1978 (forecast]
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount: (/ 100.000,-) $20,240.

                                                COMMENTS:
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated  and the date(s) of
 publication.)

 It is often difficult to indentify an
 annoying noise source,  especially when
 this source is one among many others and the
 distance between these  sources and the disturbed  residential area  is 1 to 2 km.
 A one-dimensional microphone array possesses a great  directivity.
 This  directivity depends mainly upon:  - the  number  of  microphones
                                        - the  distances  "between the microphones
                                        - the  possibility  to oppress electronically the
                                          so-called side lobs  of  the instrument
 A first experiment with an array consisting of 10 microphones  made us optimistic about
 the usefulness for pure  tones up to 500 Hz.
 Further experiments have to "be made to see what  the results are with industrial noise.

About  the  first  experiment,  only  unpublished  reports  have  been  done.
                                                289

-------
                                                                     .Measurement and Methodology
                                                                       Netherlands
1'iojc'Ct
                Computerised Noise Measuring System,
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Hoogovens IJmuiden BV
Afd. Milieuhygie'nisch Onderzoek
IJmuiden
Holland
Principal Investigator(s):
sees performing organisation
Start Date:
1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
     Sponsoring
     none
                                                Organisation Name  i  Address:
                                Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development (Component or Systeir.)
     Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype,  or
     Production)
     Measurement: Methodology
                                                              Fuadinj
                                Year
                                                                        Amount
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget)
1978 (forecast):
                                              : 1
                                              : J
                                                                     150.000,-)  $30,360
                                                                      J     '
                                                                      30.000,-)  $ 6,072

                                               Or  Total  Funding Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)

In 1973 Hoogovens has installed a network
of automatic noise measurement equipment
around the plant site. This system provides
quantitative information on the amount of factory and other noise occurring at the  bounderies
of the site.
Since that time there is a continuous  development for making this system more useful.
We have extended it with a measurement of wind direction and velocity so firstly we  can
distribute the noise levels to the different wind directions and secondly we  can eliminate
the noise measurements when they are influenced by wind noise.
Purtherniore we made a program to eliminate the influence of noise from overflying  air
aeroplanes.

At this moment we are defining the relations between the measurements made by this network
At the border of the site and the noise levels in the surrounding residential areas,
also in relation to the wind direction and velocity.
Ultimately we hope to possess a system that will be a great help in our environmental
noise control program.
Pnblt Koise emission from a Dutch blast furnace an steel works by Frans  A. Loos  and.
          C. Krijgsman (Proceedings  Inter-Jfoise  '76)
                                                290

-------
                                                                    Measurement and Methodology

                                                                    United Kingdom	
Project Title:

 Noise  &  Nuisance  at  Building  & Road  Construction Sites.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Building Research Establishment
Transportation Research Laboratory
Garston, Watford
Crowthorne, Berkshire RG 116AU
       tfinp-Hnm
	ngd
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Dr. F. J. Langdon
 C. J. Baughan
                                                     Sponsoring Organization  Name &  Address:

                                                     Joint project
Start Date:
 Jan.  1977
                Completion Date:
                   Estimated Dec.  1979
                   Actual
Type of Research  Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development  (Component  or  System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
     Production)
_X	  Measurement  Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                                Year
                                                1976 (actual):
                                                1977 (budget):
                                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or Total Funding  Amount: (approx: -fc 50,000)  $85,980
                                               COMMENTS:
 Longitudinal, monitored study of conditions at road and  building construction sites using
 interviews  (repeated) of residents, continuous diary keeping and measurement of noise levels.
 Aim  to produce guideline documents to assist local authorities and contractors to fulfill
 legislative requirements of pollution-limiting programmees.
Transcribed from the original.
                                                291

-------
                                                                 Measurement and Methodology
                                                                 United Kingdom	
Project Title:
                 Propagation of  Noise  from  Large  Industrial Complexes.
Performing Organisation Name & Address:

 Acoustic Technology Limited,
 58 The Avenue,
 Southampton.
 SOI 2TA.     United Kingdom
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
 B. C. Postlethwaite
 C. J. Manning
Start Date:

 April 1977
Completion Date:
   Estimated  End 19?8
   Actual
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
 x   Development (KBGHpEHEKt or System)
_x_  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
 x   Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
                                               Year
                                                                       Amount
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                1977 (budget): (£15,000) $25794
                                1978 (forecast):  Dependent on initial findings

                                Or Total Funding  Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
 An initial investigation is planned of the reliability of existing prediction techniques for
 the propagation of sound away from large  industrial complexes.  Where necessary, modifications
 to these existing procedures will be taade.  These may subsequently be tested by experimental
 methods at three (initially) large European petroleum sites.  The overall aim is to produce a
 standard prediction technique which considers statistical parameters for meteorological effects?,
 ground impedance barriers etc.,  in a form suitable for use by industrial personnel, consultants
 and planners, and to obtain experimental  data on the reliability of such a technique.
                                                 292

-------
                                                                Measurement and Methodology
                                                                West Germany
 Project  Title:
                Development  of  Uniform Procedures for the  Measurement  and  Evaluation
 of  the Emmission and  Immission  of  Noise.
 Performing  Organization Name  & Address:

 Federal Institute  for Physics and Technology
 Braunschweig
 Bundesallee 100
 West Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
 Principal  Investigator(s):

  Prof.  Dr. Rudolf Martin
 Start  Date:

Sept.  1,  1973
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual  June 30",  1976
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual  results,
 report(s)  generated and  the date(s)  of
 publication.)
Type of Research Program:

     J   damental
	  Di" ^lopment (Component or System)
	  Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual)
                                1977 (budget)
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount;
                                               COMMENTS:
                                                                        (115,000 DM)_$48,_76_0	
               Development  of  uniform measurement and evaluation procedures  for  effective

       noise abatement in the  framework of the Federal Govenrments environmental program.

       Overview of national and  international norms.  Overview of the usable classes of ins-

       truments, including  the test and approval procedures.
       Translated and  transcribed from the original.
                                               293

-------
                                                          Measurement and Methodology
                                                          West Germany
 Project Title:
                  Research and  Sources  of  Noise in  Industry and in  Trade.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

     Cornier  Corp.
     Friedrichshafen, Postfach  317
     West  Germany
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                    Federal Minister for Research  &  Technology
 Principal Investigator(s):

     Peter Partels
 Start Date:
Jan.l, 1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
                   Actual  Oct.  31, 19/b
 Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual)
                                1977 (budget)
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                Or Total Funding Amount:

                                COMMENTS:
                                                                                    J53,000
             Elaboration of the principle  for a  supportive program.  Collection of data

     (subjective criteria).  Selection  and setting of priorities.  Testing in depth in se-

     lected areas.

             Comparison of desired conditions  (regulations) and actual conditions.  Tech-

     nical possibilities for improvement.
      Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                294

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                                                              Measurement and  Methodology
                                                              West Germany
 Project  Title:  Formulation of  Technical  norms  Within  National  and International
 Frameworks  in the Area of Acoustical and Vibration  Technology,  Particularly for
_Noise and	Sounds.           	   	
 Performing Organization Name  & Address:
   Committegon Norms for Acoustical and
   Vibration Technology,
   German Institute for  Normalization, Inc.
   Berlin 30,  Burggrafenstr. 4-7
   West Berlin
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  &  Address:

                                  Federal Ministry of the Interior
 Principal  Investigator (s) :
    Prof.,  Dr.  Diestel
 Start  Date:

   Sept.1,197
Completion Date:
   Estimated  Aug. 31, 1977
   Actual-'
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                                  Total
                                               COMMENTS:
           Formulation and application of normalization projects within national and inter-

   national frameworks for the scientific and technical preparation of regulations implementing

   the federal  law  for emission control.  Norms in the  domain of acoustics; particularly:
   terminology, noise and sound level measurements for various sources  including measurement

   instruments  and  noise evaluation techniques ultrasound and musical acoustics; norms for

   mechanical vibrations and percussion; particularly:   Terminology, measurement and testing

   installations, evaluation standards for vibrations  and percussions on various objects,
   as  well  as in regard to the effect on man,  preventive measures to reduce vibrations and
   percussions.
   Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                295

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                                               Measurement and Methodology
                                               West Germany
 Project Title:   Search  for  Partial Noise  Sources in  Finishing Installations by
 Means of  Short-range  Response Density Measurement.
 Performing Organization Name & Address:

Institute and Chair for  Measurement
Techniques in Machine  Construction
Hannover,  Nienburger,  Strasse. 17
West Germany
                                  Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 German Research Society
 Principal Investigator(s):

Dr. Ing.  Walter Ecker
 Start Date:

May 1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual Dec.31,1976
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals, approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s)  generated and  the date(s) of
 publication.)
                             Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental,  Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                          Funding:
                             Year
                             1976  (actual):
                             1977  (budget):
                             1978  (forecast):
                                                                 Amount
                                           Or Total Funding Amount :(130 , 000-DM)  $55,120

                                           COMMENTS:
                  The  response measurement is to  be  made possible  under

        unfavorable  conditions (short-range flows,  level of interference).

        A microphone is  to be developed and calibrated to this  effect.  A

        sonic channel  (Kundt tube)  is  to be set up  for the calibration; it

        presents high  responses with considerable reactive components.  The

        microphone  should be equal  to  the particular conditions  for the

        measurements of  machine noises.
        Translated  and transcribed  from the original,
                                             296

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                                                 Measurement and Methodology
                                                 West Germany
Project  Title.  Measurement  of Sound Waves Transmitted by Structure in Technical
 Building  Installations.
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Institute for Acoustical Technology
Berlin 10,  Einsteinufer 27
West  Germany
                         Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):

Prof.  Dr.  Manfred  Heckl
Start  Date:
May 1,1975
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
May
                               t1 QJ.7
Project  Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated  and the date(s) of
publication.)
                    Type of  Research Program:

                    	  Fundamental
                    	  Development (Component or System)
                    	  DemonstratJon (Experimental, Prototype, or
                         Production)
                    	  Measurement Methodology
                                                         Funding:
                    Year
                    1976 (actual):
                    1977 (budget):
                    1978 (forecast):
                                                                  Amount
                                            Or Total Funding Amount :(9i, OOODM) $38 , 584

                                            COMMENTS:
                  D&velopment  of  a measurement  technique  for technical

       building installations  with the aim  of  achieving data for possible

       normalization  and having reliable measured values  for the dimensioning

       noise protection measures.   An appropriate electrodynamic frame  sound

       transmitter  is to be designed with which measurements can be made in

       buildings as well as laboratory tests  on technical  building installations

       to  develop dimensioning guidelines for  the insulation of technical

       building installations.
  Translated and  transcribed  from the original.
                                            297

-------
                                  Measurement and Methodology
                                  Abbreviated Listings With  Funding
Sweden.  Testing of Noise Meters  and  Development of Standards
for Noise Measurements.  Swedish  Standards Institute.
85, 412 85 Goeteborg, Sweden.  Asst.  professor Hans Jonasson.
July 1, 1975 - June 30, 1976.   (116,000  Skr),  $26,135.
                             298

-------
                                                                     Measurement and "ethodology
                                                                     Canada
Proicct Title:
                Noise  Emissions  from Large  Industrial Operations.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Ontario Ministry of the Environment
135 St. Clair Avenue West
Toronto, Ontario M4V IPS
Canada
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
John Manuel
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                              Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                               Or_ Total Funding  Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
 One  of  the concerns of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment  is  sound emissions from large
 industrial operations such as refineries, steel mills,  etc.   These operations with their
 multitudinous sound sources may have an impact on significant numbers of nearby residents.
 In most cases the problem is complicated by the fact that  the sound propagation takes place
 over large distances thus bringing atmospheric effects  into  play.  To cope with problem
 industries,  the Ministry has embarked on a scheme by which such sources will be required
 to monitor their own sound levels on a continuous basis in order to arrive at meaningful
 statistical  data as well as providing regulatory control.  A description of one such monitor
 and  some preliminary results will be presented.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                  299

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                                                                 Measurement and Methodology
                                                                 Canada
Project Title: xhe  Technique of  Measuriato
 Demolition Sites.
                               Blasting, from  Quarry,  Construction  and
Performing Organization Name & Address:

Ontario Ministry  of the Environment
135 St. Clair Avenue West
Toronto, Ontario  M4V IPS
Canada
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
Principal Investigator(s):
W. B. Moore
Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                             Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:

                                               COMMENTS:
This audio-visual explains the techniques used by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment to
monitor ground borne vibration and overpressure (airblast) at quarry, construction and
demolition sites.  The  audio-visual includes the choice of instrumentation, the preliminary
questioning of source and receiver and the interpretation of results.
 Transcribed from the original.
                                                300

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                                                             Measurement and Methodology
                                                             France
  Project  Title:
                    Evaluation  of  the Acoustic
                    of  Methods  of  Measurement
                              Force of Machines,  Comparative  Studies
  Performing  Organization Name & Address:
INKS
30, Rue Olivier Noyer
75680 Paris Cedex 14
France
                                     Sponsoring  Organization Name & Address:
 Principal  Investigator(s):

H.  Leblond
P.  Daniere
J.  L. Lecoq
  Start Date:
Completion Date:
   Estimated  1978
   Actual
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype,  or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                                               Funding:
 Project Summary:   (Briefly  describe the
 goals, approach,  expected or  actual results,
 report(s)  generated  and  the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                         Amount
                                                 Or Total Funding Amount:

                                                 COMMENTS:
        1 -  REASONS FOR THE STUDY

             Knowing the acoustic force of machines is of great value.   It makes  it  possible,

in the  planning of a factory or industrial plant, to estimate the noise level  in work areas

and to adopt the necessary anti-noise measures at a proper time.  In particular,  it  makes

it possible for industrialists and businessmen to choose the least noisy machines from the

wide range offered on the market.

        Furthermore, for a greater guarantee that builders will measure acoustic  force,  it

would be useful to have available a practical on-site or "in situ" method of evaluation that

would also be sufficiently precise.  The AFNOR has planned a standard which  will  make it

possible to undertake measurements in a close range and in any location. Currently  there

have been few verifications of the precision of this method.

        2 - CONTENTS OF THE STUDY

        The methods currently being used to evaluate acoustic force are based on  measure-

ments in an open field or in a reverberating space (AFNOR  standards S31 022 to S 31 025).

Translated and transcribed from the original.
                                                   301

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In all cases, a specialized laboratory is required.




        The INKS, for its part, uses the method of measurement in an open field




on a reflecting plane (semi-anechoic chamber), which is undoubtedly the best




adapted to precise measurement of the acoustic force of industrial machines.




        For large machines or those for which radiation is anisotropic, or those




which emit noises of discrete frequency, errors in the estimates can occur.   It




would be necessary to define these errors.




        Thus, the study consists of:




        - a critical examination of the different standardized methods or those




in the process of "being standardized;




        - measurements in a hollow chamber or a setni-reverberating room of the




acoustic power of simple sources with known characteristics, and by means of




different methods.




        If the results of the measurements reveal too great a dispersion or a




significant systematic error, it will be necessary to research other means of es-




timating and evaluating acoustic force, means that will be more precise but still




of sufficiently simple application.




        3 -  STATE_OF PROGRESS




        This study has barely been begun.  Only a few measurements of the acoustic




force of a dipole of well-known characteristics have been carried out in ei hollow




chamber,  using two different methods.




        In a pure frequency, differences of more than 3 dB were found, which




confirms the value of this study.




        4 - PURSUIT OF THE STUDY




        This study will continue until 1978.  It will also be the subject of a thesis




by a member of the INRS personnel.  The results of this study will make it possible





to prepare the road to a standardization or, even better,  regulation demanding




that builders furnish the acoustic force of the machines they sell, just as they




do the other mechanical or electrical characteristics.
                                            302

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                                                        Measurement  and Methodology
                                                        Netherlands
   Project Title:
  	Characterizing  and  Evaluating  Industrial  Noise.
   Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring  Organization  Name &  Address:
                                  Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                       Amsterdam, Netherlands
   Principal Investigator (s):
   Start Date:
   est
   1976
Complet ion Da t e:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
   Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
   goals, approach, expected or actual results,
   report(s) generated and the date(s) of
   publication.)
                                Type of Research  Program:
Fundamental
Development  (Component or System)
Demonstration  (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976  (actual):
                                1977  (budget):
                                1978  (forecast):
                                                                           Amount
                                                  C)r_ Total Funding  Amount:
                                                  COMMENTS:
          In the draft noise nuisance legislation, specific scales and standards  for  the permis-
  sibility of the noise load from industrial areas are used on the basis of preliminary studies
  and experiences at home- and abroad.
The most important source of data here is the ISO recommendation R-1966-1971, "Assessment of
noise with respect to community response," which publication is also used as a  basis  for granting
 licenses  in  the framework, of  the nuisance law.   The purpose of the study is to investigate whether
 and  to  what  extent  supplementary guidelines  are  necessary in order to make the system contained
 in  the  ISO/R-1966 better  applicable to the situation in the Netherlands.  Possible supplements
 should  concern,  above all,  the evaluation of particular noises such as impulse noises, pure
 tones,  strong low frequency noises.   If  necessary, in a number of specific Netherlands situations,
 limited noise interviews  should be conducted regarding these aspects.  The study should also
 investigate  the extent  to which the evaluation of industrial noise is influenced in the case
 of  a significant contribution to the  noise load  by other noise sources, i.e., road traffic
 and  aircraft.
 Translated  and  transcribed from  the original Dutch.
                                                    303

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                                                                  Measurement arid Methodology
                                                                  Netherlands
Proicct Title:
               For Calculations  of  the  Noise  Load  Caused  by  Industrial Areas,
Institutions,  Installations.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:

                                 Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.

                                 Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
 es t.
 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
            Establishing measuring methods  for determining the emission of industrial
    areas, institutions, installations, and parts of installations.  Reliable data are necessary
    concerning the emission (source strength).  The study has the purpose of devising  stand-
    ardized measuring procedures with which these emission data can be determined in a re-
    liable and reproducible manner.

            The measuring methods  should agree as much as possible with the methods recomend—
    ed by the ISO.  Information can also be borrowed from various German and English specifica-
    tions and publications,  among  others.
    Translated and transcribed  from  the original Dutch.
                                                 304

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                                                             Measurement and Methodology
                                                             Netherlands
 Proiect Title: Establishing  Guidelines  for  Determining  by Measurement  the Noise
 Load from Institutions.
                                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                                 Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                                         Amsterdam, Netherlands
Performing Organization Name & Address:
 Principal Investigator(s):
 Start Date:
est
1976
               Completion Date:
                  Estimated	
                  Actual
 Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
 goals,  approach, expected or actual results,
 report(s) generated and the date(s) of
 publication.)
                                               Type of Research Program:
     Fundamental
     Development (Component or System)
     Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
     Measurement Methodology
              Funding:
Year
1976 (actual):
1977 (budget):
1978 (forecast):
                                                                        Amount
                                                Or Total Funding Amount:
                                                COMMENTS:
          Both when establishing noise  zones around existing industries and in checking the
  observance of the instructions of  the nuisance law and the licensing of noise nuisances,
  one should perform standardized noise measurements.  This study has the purpose of creating
  a standardized measuring procedure for the noise load by industry which will prevent the
  development of conflicts of  interpretation.  Here, attention should be focused,aihong other-
  things, at the point in time when  measurements must be conducted, the meteorological condi-
  tions,  the processing and the interpretation of the results of the measurements.  Guidelines
  should  also be formulated on the number of repetitions of the measurements.  Guidelines
  should  also be established for performing neighborhood measurements to determine the noise
  emission from noise-dominant installations of institutions.  Studies should also be mad-
  of the  situations in which the application of noise monitoring systems for institution,
  is rational and which systems should  be used.
  Translated  and transcribed from  the original Dutch.
                                               305

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                                                            Measurement and Methodology
                                                            Netherlands
Proiect Title:  Establishing  Instructions for  Calculation  of  the Anticipated Noise
Load From Industrial  Areas to Their  Environment.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                  Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.

                                  Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
est
1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated 	
   Actual
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals,  approach,  expected or actual results,
report(s)  generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
Type of Research Program:

	  Fundamental
	  Development (Component or System)
	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
     Production)
	  Measurement Methodology
                                              Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               C>£ Total  Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
          With regard to  the  specifications issued by the government  within  the  framework

  of the noise nuisance law concerning a mandatory acoustics study at the  time of, among

  other things,  the designing of new facilities, a set of calculating instructions should

  be issued for the noise load within noise zones around industrial areas.   Here, among

  other things,  use should be made of the results of the ICG research program, traffic noise,

  for the effect of noise transmission over large distances.  The method of  calculation

  should be made more readily applicable and adapted to the different stages of  the

  zoning procedures.
  Translated and transcribed from the original Dutch.
                                                306

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                                                            Measurement and Methodology
                                                            Netherlands
                Scuay  of woise Radiation Through  Smokestacks ana  Exhausts  and the
Establishment  of  a  Method of  Calculation.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 Public Health  and  Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                 Amsterdam,  Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
  est
  1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated	
   Actual
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
         Because of their often considerable acoustic  source strength and rather high
 position, the mouths of smokestacks and exhausts  are  often important sources of noise in
 connection with the noise load on the environment.  It  is also necessary that a method
 of calculation be available with which noise radiation  from such sources can be predicted
 with satisfactory accuracy.  The study has the purpose  of establishing such a method.
 The applicability in every case should extend to  smokestacks  from which smoke gases are ex-
 pelled, whether by fans or not, and to the exhausts of  large  gas turbines and diesel
 engines.  The method should take into allowance the effect of a hot gas stream on the
 emission (including the possible guiding effects)  and with the effect of a hot gas stream
 on the source properties (effect on noise pressure and/or particle speed in the mouth,
 source impedance).  In this case, one can continue along the  line of Alfredson and Davies,
 Mechel, Ingard, and Buiten et al.  The method should  take the meteorological conditions
 such as wind and temperature distribution into consideration, and in this connection,
 distinguish between the cases where the mouth of  a smokestack is either below or above
 an inversion layer.
 Translated and transcribed from the original Dutch.
                                               307

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                                                           Measurement and Methodology
                                                           Netherlands
 Project  Tit  e.  Estabiisning  Guidelines  for IJetermining  the Background Noise Level
 for  Regions with New  Industrial  Areas.
 Performing  Organization Name  & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 Public Health  and  Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                        Amsterdam,  Netherlands
 Principal  Investigator(s):
 Start Date:
est
1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated
   Actual
 Project  Summary:   (Briefly describe  the
 goals, approach,  expected or actual  results,
 report(s) generated and  the date(s)  of
 publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                              Funding:
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
        When establishing a  new  industry, in connection with the preparation of  the
standards within the framework of  licensing, it is often necessary to measure the background
noise level of the district  in question.  Although use can be made here of the recommenda-
tions of the International Organization for Standardization, in practice,  differences  of
interpretation tend to  arise here, particularly in connection with the effect of the already
active significant noise sources in  the area.  The study has the purpose of establishing
a guideline which will  contain criteria not only for aspects but also for the time of  the
measurement, number of  repetitions,  weather conditions, and the like, and for the way  in
which recognized noise  sources should be expressed in the results.
Translated and transcribed  from  the original Dutch.
                                               308

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                                                              Measurement and Methodology
                                                              Netherlands
Project Title:

Taking  Inventory  of Noise Emission  Devices and Large Industrial Installations,
Performing Organization Name & Address:
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name & Address:
                                 Public Health and Environmental Hygiene Dept.
                                              Amsterdam, Netherlands
Principal Investigator(s):
Start Date:
 est
 1976
Completion Date:
   Estimated ___
   Actual
Project Summary:  (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expected or actual results,
report(s) generated and the date(s) of
publication.)
                                Type of Research Program:
Fundamental
Development (Component or System)
Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
Production)
Measurement Methodology
         Funding:
                                Year
                                1976 (actual):
                                1977 (budget):
                                1978 (forecast):
                                                                       Amount
                                               Or Total Funding Amount:
                                               COMMENTS:
             In order to set up general predictions  of  the noise load caused by equipment,
     data should become available on the general  characteristic noise emission of the
     most important types and categories of  installations occurring in the Netherlands.
     These data should be related to the scope, production capacity, the manner of business

     management and the state of the art at  the time of the construction of the parts of
     the institutions in question.
             First, as much use as  possible  should be made of data on known cases.
     If necessary, the inventory should be supplemented with the results of new noise mea-

     surements.  The inventory taking is of  special  importance for the establishment of
     noise zones around industrial  areas.
     Translated and transcribed from  the original Dutch.
                                               309

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                                                               Measurement and Methodology
                                                               Vest Germany
Project TiLlo: Research and  Development on  Instruments  and Methods  for Noise
               Measurement.
Performing Organization Name & Address:
Laboratory of noise and vibration measure-
ment of Physikalisch-Technische Bundes-
anstalt, Bundesallee 1OO,
33OO Braunschweig, Germany
Principal Investigator (s):

Prof. Dr. R. Martin
Dipl.-Ing. Ho.-O. Finke
Start Date:
Completion Date:
  .Estimated 	
   Actual
                                  conti nuous
Project Summary:   (Briefly describe the
goals, approach, expoctcd or actual results,
report (s) generated and the datc(s) of
publication.)
                                     Sponsoring Organization Name  & Address:

                                     Bundesminister fur Wirtschafr.
                                     (Federal Minister of Economics)
  Type of Research Program:
   Y
  	  fundamental
  	  Development (Conponent or System)
  	  Demonstration (Experimental, Prototype, or
       Production)
   X   Measurement MethodoJogy

                Funding:
  Year                    Amount
  1976 (actual):
  J977 (budget):
  1978 (forecast):

  Or Total Funding Amount:

  COMMENTS:   no funding
	work done within ordinary budget  of  PTB
    Goals:
    - improvement of existing instruments
    - specifications for new instruments
    - improvement of noise measuring methods
    - description and reduction of measuring  errors and uncertainties

    Approach:
    - investigation of measuring procedures by  application to special cases, e.g. sound
      power measurements on bureau machines,  noise immission measurements in living
      quarters
    - testing of special properties of  noise  measuring instruments, e.g. response to
      impulses, rectifier system, averaging
    - participation in standards writing groups,  national and international
      (ISO, IEC, OIML)

    Expected:
    - improvement of noise measuring techniques and instruments

    Publications:
      e.g. Annual Reports of PTB
                                                   310

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                              Measurement  and  Methodology
                              Abbreviated  Listings
Australia.  Perfection  of A  System  of  Analysis Making It Pos-
sible to Measure All  Types of  Ambient  Noise.  National Acoustic
Labs., S. Hickson Road, Millers  Point,  Sydney, NSW.   J.  Rose,
L. Kenna, E. Burwood.

Australia.  Study of  a  Method  Making  It Possible to  Measure
and Record Impulse Noises Precisely.  National Acoustic Labs.,
5 Hickson Road, Millers Point,  Sydney,  NSW 2000, Australia.
L. Kenna, D. Nemec,  T.  Smith.

Czechoslovakia.  Development  of  Methods For Calculating  Estim-
ated Noise Levels in  Closed  Industrial Plants. Working Environ-
ment Research  Service,  Jeruzalemska 9,  116 52 Praha  1, Czechosl-
ovakia .

East Germany.  Measurement of  the Acoustic Power of  Fans.
Theoretical Study and In Situ  Measurements. Central  Institute
for Occupational Safety., 8020 Dresden, Gerhart-Hauptmann-
Strasse  1, East Germany.

East Germany.  Determining the Level  of Acoustic Pressure in
the Area of Machines  (Laboratory and  jji_Sjltu  Measurement s) .
Central  Institute for Occupational  Safety., 8020 Dresden,  Ger~
bart-Hauptmann-Strasse  1, East Germany.

France.  Estimating Methods  forCaleulating Noise Levels in
Industrial Plants. Atomic Energy Commission , Protection and
Environmental  Study  Service,  85X 830^1  Grenoble, France.

Norway.  Databank for Industrial Noise Sources.  SINTEF , The
Laboratory of  Acoustics, Elab,  Universitetet  I Trondheim,  7034
Trondheim, Norway. June 1, 1976. December  31, 1978.  Collection
and publication of data.  Standardization  of  measurements.

Norway.  Method for Prognosing External Noise from Industry
Including Sound Transmission.  Laboratory of Acoustics, Norwegian
Inst. of Technology,  Trondheim,  Norway. 1977. 1978.

United Kingdom.  Improvement  of  Noise-Measuring  Instruments.
Health and Safety Executive  Safety  in  Mines Research Establish-
ment, Red Hill, Sheffield 53  7 HQ,  United  Kingdom.

USSR.  Development of Equipment  Making  It  Possible to Obtain a
Noise Level Compatible  with  Existing  Regulations Relating to
Places of Work and Industrial  Locals.  Naucno-Issledovatel 'Skij I
Proiknyj Institut Po  Gazocistnym Soorusenijam, Tehnike Bezopas-
nosti I Ohrane Truda  V  Promyslennostie Stroitel  'nyh Materialov
(Nipiostrom) Anapskoe,  Sosse  15, Novorossijsk, USSR.

•Jest Germany.  Measurement of  Acoustic  Radiation of  the  Machine
Elements (Numerical   Calculators).  The Rhine-Westphalia  Tech-
nical School of Aachen, Machine  Research Service,  WuelInerstrasse
5, 5100 Aachen, West  Germany.
                             311

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                              Measurement and Methodology
                              Abbreviated Listings
West Germany.  Improvement of Methods  for  Calculating  Character-
istic Values of Fluctuating Noises.  Technical  Principles  of
Noise Measurement. Federal Institute of Physics  and  Technology,
Acoustics Division, Bundesallee  100, Postfach 345,  3300  Braun-
schweig, West Germany.

West Germany.  Improvement of Methods  for  Measuring  Noise  Emit-
ted by Machines and Vehicles.  Federal Institute of  Physics  and
Technology, Acoustics Division,  Bundesallee  100,  Postfach  345,
3300 Braunschweig, West Germany. R. Martin.  Subjective evaluat-
ion of noise intensity.  Study of methods  for identifying  sources
of Noise and Vibration.
                             312

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COUNTRY INDEX OF RESEARCH PROJECTS
              313

-------
ARGENTINA                                             Page

Impact and Vibration

Dynamic Behavior of Structural Elements Carrying
  Elastically Supported Motors and Engines.             261

Vibration Analysis of Electronic Equipment.             262
AUSTRALIA

Compressors

Application of "Sound Power" Testing to Silenced
  Mobile Compressors.                                    36

Development of Silenced Mobile Air Compressors.          37

Breakers and Drills

Pneumatic Rock Drill Noise.                              61

Woodworking Machinery

Noise Control for Circular and Band Saws.                69

Metal Working Machinery

Noise Control in Impulsive Operations.                   91

Other Industrial Equipment

Attenuation of Low Frequency Sound in Ducts
  with Flow.                                            129

Industrial Noise Problems - Research.                   173

Vibration of Transformer Tanks.                         175

Untitled Project on Factory Noise                       176

Tools

Noise Characteristics of Small Two-Stroke
  Engines.                                              213

Appliances

Domestic Air Conditioners.  Noise Prediction
  and Control.                                          219
                                 315

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AUSTRALIA (Continued)

Measurement and Methodology

Perfection of a System of Analysis Making
  it Possible to Measure all Types  of
  Ambient Noise.                                        311

Study of a Method Making it Possibe  to
  Measure and Record Impulse Noises
  Precisely.                                            311
CANADA

Other Industrial Equipment

Noise from Compressor Stations.                         130

To Investigate Aerodynamic  Sources  of Noise
  Generation in Centrifugal  Fans  and Blowers.           177

Tools

Reduction of Noise  from  Small  Internal
  Combustion Engines.                                   209

Appliances

10 dB Insertion Loss Cowling for  Window  Air
  Conditioner.                                          220

Model Municipal Noise Control  By-Law.                   227

Measurement and Methodology

Noise Emissions from Large  Industrial
  Operations.                                           299

The Technique  of Measuring  Blasting from
  Quarry, Construction  and  Demolition  Sites.            300
CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Measurement  and  Methodology

Development  of Methods  for  Calculating
  Estimated  Noise  Levels  in  Closed Industrial
  Plants.                                               311
                             316

-------
DENMARK                                               Page

General Construction Equipment

Reduction of Noise in Concrete Industry.                 47

Untitled Project on Cement-Making Machinery              43

Other Industrial Equipment

Noise Reduction Methods in Existing
  Concrete Component Factories.                         131

Impact and Vibration

Measurement and Evaluation of Impulse
  Noise.                                                265
EAST GERMANY

Other Industrial Equipment

Study of Emission of Noise  of Mechanical
  and Aerodynamic Origin.                               200

Building Acoustics

Study of a Technique for Measuring
  Acoustic Attenuation Caused by  the
  Elements Constituting the  Outer Walls
  (Laboratory and in Situ Measurements).                258

Impact and Vibration

Determining the Effect on Buildings of
  Structural Noises Emitted  by  Machines.                272

Physical Acoustics

Study on Models of the Acoustical
  Characteristics of Machine Frames.                    283

Measurement and Methodology

Measurement of the Acoustic  Power of  Fans.
  Theoretical Study and in  Situ Measurements.           311

Determining the Level of Acoustic Pressure
  in the Area of Machines  (Laboratory and
  in Situ Measurements).                                311
                              317

-------
FINLAND                                                P.age

Other Industrial Equipment

Paper Machine Noise.                                    132

Measurement and Methodology

Industrial Noise.                                       287



FRANCE

Breakers and Drills

Noise from Pneumatic Hammers.                            62

Woodworking Machinery

Noise from Planing Machines^.                             77

Noise from Molding Machines.                             79

Fractional Means of Reducing Noise  at
  Work Places:  Woodsawing  Machines with
  Circular Blades.                                       81

Metal Working Machinery

Noise from Rotary Pneumatic Tools.                      117

Noise from Manufacture of Metal  Packing
  Cases.                                                119

Noise from Turning Lathes.                              120

Other Industrial Equipment

Noise in Bottling Plants.                               178

Noise Propagation and Establishment of
  Acoustic Level in an Industrial  Shop.                 179

Study of the Noise  from  Briquette-
  Manufacturing Devices.                                181

Inquiry into Soundproofing  Work  Being
  Done in Industry                                      183

Reduction of Noise  in the Air  by Means
  of a Filter Screen.                                   200
                               318

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FRANCE (Continued)                                    Page

Noise from Pneumatic Machines.                         200

Building Acoustics

Reduction of Noise in Pipes by Means of
  Active Absorbers.                                    258

Noise Dissipation in Structures by Visco-
  Elastic Materials.                                   258

Physical Acoustics

Study of Barriers and Enclosures.                      280

Study of Noises Produced by Friction.                  283

Possible Propagation of Noise.                         283

Measurement and Methodology

Evaluation of the Acoustic Force of
  Machines, Comparative Studies of Methods
  of Measurement.                                      301

Estimating Methods for Calculating Noise
  Levels in Industrial Plants.                         311
ITALY

Other Industrial Equipment

Study of the Effects of Noise and Techniques
  for Overcoming Noise in Places of Work.               200
JAPAN

Earthmovers and Related Equipment

The Quieting of the Hydraulic Power Shovel.              27

Compressors

Noise Suppression for Package Type Air
  Compressor.                                            33
                                319

-------
JAPAN (Continued)                                      Page

General Construction Equipment

Study of Soundproof Cover for Pile
  Driving Works.                                         49

Other Industrial Equipment

Super-Quiet Fan.                                        133

Noise Reduction and Prediction System
  for Thermal Power Plants.                             134

A Study on Prevention of Factory Noise
  and Vibration.                                        135

Building Acoustics

Research on the Machanism of the Floor
  Impact Noise Generation.                              245

Measurement and Methodology

A Study on the Original Unit (Standard
  Amount of Materials, Power and Labor,
  etc.  Required to Produce a Prescribed
  Amount of Product) in Relation to  the
  Generation of Factory Noise.                          288
NETHERLANDS

General Construction Equipment

Noise Requirements for Industrial  Equipment.             53

Noise Requirements on Construction
  Machinery.                                             54

Other Industrial Equipment

Study of Noise Sensitivity  of Different
  Facilities Within Noise Zones  Around
  Industrial Areas.                                     185

Taking Inventory of the Possibilities  of
  Reducing Noise Emission in Certain
  Installations and Parts of Institutions.              186

Zoning Around Industrial Areas.                         187
                              320

-------
NETHERLANDS (Continued)                               Page

Study of the Possibility of Reducing the
  Noise Emission of Categories of
  Institutions.                                         188

Appliances

Noise Requirements for Domestic
  Appliances.                                           221

Continued Operations Check on Appliances.               222

Placement of Appliances in the Home
  (Domestic Appliances and Stereo Sound
  Systems).                                             223

Defining the Acoustic Attributes of
  Appliances.                                           224

Noise Inspection of Appliances-                         225

Noise Restrictions on Domestic
  Installations.                                        226

Toys

Noise Aspects of Model Planes.                          231

General Consumer Products

Investigation of Noise Made by Alarm
  Systems  (such as AHOB) and by  Signal
  Horns.                                                235

Noise Nuisance Aspects of Acoustic Warning
  Systems.                                              236

Preliminary Study of Noise-Producing
  Apparatus.                                            237

Noise Requirements for Hobby & Recreation
  Equipment.                                            238

Building Acoustics

Taking Inventory of Possibilities of
  Acoustically Favorable Territory
  Divisions of Institutions and  Industrial
  Areas.                                                252
                               321

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NETHERLANDS (Continued)                                Page

Experience with Noise-Reducing Devices
  in the Residential Situation.                         253

Domestic Machinery and Appliances
  (Central Heating and Sanitary)                        254

Impact and Vibration

Taking Inventory of the Occurrence  of
  Vibration Nuisances Caused by  Institutions            265

Measurement and Methodology

Microphone array.                                       289

Computerised Noise Measuring System.                    290

Characterizing and Evaluating Industrial
  Noise.                                                303

For Calculations of the Noise Load  Caused  by
   Industrial Areas, Institutions,  Installations.       304

Establishing Guidelines for Determining by
   Measurement the Noise Load from  Institutions.        305

Establishing Instructions  for Calculation  of  the
   Anticipated Noise Load  From Industrial  Areas
   to Their Environment.                                306

Study of Noise Radiation Through Smokestacks  and
   Exhausts and the Establishment of  a Method of
   Calculation.                                         307

Establishing Guidelines for Determining the
   Background Noise Level  for Regions with New
   Industrial Areas.                                    308

Taking Inventory of Noise  Emission  Devices and
   Large Industrial Installations.                      309
HEW ZEALAND

Other Industrial Equipment

Noise Reduction in Beef  Slaughterboard                  189

Appliances

Office Equipment Noise Survey                           227

                             322

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NORWAY                                                 Page

Metal Working Machinery

Noise in Foundry Industry.                              92

Noise Reduction in the Machine Tool  Industry.          125

Other Industrial Equipment

Noise in Food-Processing  Industry                      136

Noise in Fish-Refinery Industry                        137

Noise and Vibration in Machine Constructions.          200

Impact and Vibrations

Vibration Isolation.                                   272

Measurement and Methodology.

Databank for Industrial Noise Sources.                 311

Method for Prognosing External Noise from  Industry.    311



POLAND

Earthmovers and Related Equipment

Noise and Vibration Abatement in Construction
   Equipment                                            28

Metal Working Machinery


Untitled Project on Machine  Tools

Guidelines for Establishment of Anti-Noise
   Protective Zones and their Development
   for Selected Groups of Factories.                   200



SCOTLAND

Metal Working Machinery

Press Noise Reduction                                   93

Other Industrial Equipment

Noise Output From Cage Induction Motor  with  Non-
   Sinusoidal Supply Voltage.                          190

                                    323

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SWEDEN                                                 PAGE

Specialized Mining Equipment.

Noise Abatement  in Mining.                              44

Woodworking Machinery

Noise Reduction  of Nailers                              70

Reduction of Noise Generated  in  Sawmill
   Machinery.                                           81

Sound Dampened Saw.                                     81

Sound Dampened Helical  Cutter  Head.                     81

Textile Machinery

Development of New Machinery  and Improvement of
   Existing Ones.                                       85

Metal Working Machinery

Noise Reduction  of Excenter Presses.                    94

Improvement of Workplace Noise from
   Cutting Tools                                        95

Reduction of Noise from Sheet  Tooling.                  96

Reducing Noise by Changing  Over  to Hydraulic
   Methods.  Preliminary Study.                         97

Combating Noise  at Electric Steel Plants.              98

Shockabsorbers at Blanking  Operations                  99

Noise Abatement  in the  Engineering Industry.          100

Noise from Excenterpresses.                            101

Development of Better Systems  For Fastening
   Forging Dies.                                       116

Acoustical Planning  of  Mechanic  Workshops.            116

Arc Welding, Air Gapping,  Improvement of Equipment    116

Noise Reduction  in Cold Forging.                      116

Noise Abatement  in Connection with Welding.           116
                              324

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SWEDEN (Continued)                                     PAGE

Metal Working Machinery.

Oil Burners in the Forging  Industry.                   116

Survey of the Existence  of  Infra-Noise  in a
   Steel Mill.                                         116

Other Industrial  Equipment

Less Noisy Consolidation  Methods  for  Production
   of Concrete Elements.                               138

Noise Reduction at Painting Spray Guns.                139

Noise Control of  Machines for  Production of
   Concrete Products.                                  140

Development of Less  Noisy Methods When  Making
   Cement Blocks  for the  Building.                     173

Noise Abatement in Shipyards.                          173

Noise and Dust Control  in Connection  with Jet
   Burning in the Quarrying Industry.                  173

Noise Reduction in the  Food Industry.                  173

Noise Propagation in the  Neighboring  Area of an
   Industry - A Preparatory Study.                     200

Physical Acoustics

Study of Noise Around Industries.  Preliminary
   Study.

Measurement and Methodology

Testing of Noise  Meters  and Development  of
   Standards  for  Noise  Measurements.                   298
                                 325

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SWITZERLAND                                            PAGE

General Construction Equipment

Noise Measurement of Construction Machines.            55

Other Industrial Equipment

Soundpower Measurement of Oil Burner-Heat  Boiler
   Combination.                                        200

Sound Absorption and Noise  Screens  in  Large
   Industrial Halls.                                   200
UNITED KINGDOM

Compressors

Development of Production -S ilenced  Oil  Injected
   Screw Air Compressor Plant.                          34

Specialized Mining Equipment

Control of Noise  (of Machines  and Processes
   in the Vicinity of  Coal  Mining Operations).          43

General Construction Equipment

Assessment and Prediction of Noise  from Construction
   Sites/Propagation of Noise  from  Construction
   Processes.                                           50

Prediction and Monitoring of Noise  Construction
   Sites.                                               51

Construction Equipment:  Dumper  and Nibbler.            51

Breakers and Drills

Evaluation and Improvement  of  Construction Pxant
   To Encourage  the Development  of  Quieter and
   More Efficient Plants.                               64

Pile Driving and  Hand-Held  Concrete Breaker.            66

Woodworking Machinery

Reduction of Noise from  Circular Sawing (Mainly
   Timber But Applicable Also  to Metal).               71

Industrial Noise:  Investigation of Methods of
   Noise Control  in Woodworking  Establishments.         72

                          326

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UNITED KINGDOM  (Continued)                           PAGE



Noise Reduction Technique  for Router.                 81

Noise Reduction Techiques  for Circular Saws.          81

Textile Machinery

Improvement of Working Environments  in the Knitting
   Industries by Reduction of Process Noise.          86

Reduction of Noise in the  Textile Industry.           88

Garment and Allied Industries.                        88

Metal Working Machinery

The Mechanisms of Noise Generation From Electric  Arc
   Furnaces.                                          102

Hammer Noise at Source.                               103

Reduction of Noise From the Operation of Machine
   Tools.                                             122

Reduction in Noise in Foundries.                      125

Other Industrial Equipment

Reduction of Noise Emission from Paper and Board
   Machines.                                          141

Industrial Noise:  Investigation of  Noise Generated
   in Materials Handling  Systems.                     142

Oscillations in Supersonic Flow  in a Duct Following
   an Abrupt Change  in Cross-Section.                 143

Electromagnetically  Induced Vibrations in Rotating
   Electrical Machines.                               144

Reduction of Noise From Large Boiler Flues.           145

Industrial Noise:  Investigation of  Suitable
   Materials for Sound Absorption and Sound
   Insulation in Sterile  Plant.                       146

Self-?Toise of Perforate Plate Multiple Helmholtz
   Resonator Type Acoustic Liners in Flow Ducts.      147
                                 327

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UNITED KINGDOM   (Continued)                            PAGE

Investigation of Acoustic Enclosures.                  148

Velocity-Generated Noise in Air-Conditioning Ducts.    149

Control of Noise and Vibration.                        150

Reduction of Acoustic Noise in Small Electrical
   Machines.                                           151

Structural Panels With Noise Suppression
   Characteristics.                                    152

The Design of Dissipative Duct Silencers.              153

Sound and Vibration of Small Electrical Machines.      154

Noise Control.                                         155

Gear Noise - Effect of Toofh Profile Modification      156

Industrial Noise.                                      L57

Noise Attenuation By Means of Splitters in  Building
   Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems.           173

Measurement and Reduction of Paper and Board
   Machinery Noise.                                    174

Sound Transmission & Generation  in Flow Ducts
   with Axial Temperative Gradients.                   191

Splitter Attenuation - Static Insertion Loss           192

Factory Noise.                                         193

Industrial Noise.                                      194

Development of Improved Suspended Absorbent
   Treatments for Industry.                            200

Sound and Flow Excited Wall Vibration  in  Curved
   Annular Ducts  (Theoretical Investigation).          200

Higher Order Mode Acoustic Energy Propagation  in
   Complex Flow Ducts.                                 200

Noise Reduction  in Centrifugal Fans.                   201

Noise of Centrifugal Fan Systems.                      201
                             328

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UNITED KINGDOM   (Continued)                            PAGE

Noise Generation by Flow Through  Splitter
   Silencers.                                          201

Engineering Materials.                                 201

Mechanical Engineering  and Machine  Tools.              201

Technical Aspects of Noise Abatement  Zoning in the
   Control of Pollution Act.                           201

Design Guidance  on Factory Noise.                      201

Noise Generation by Flow Over  Perforated Metal
   Acoustic Duct Linings.                              201

Laser Doppler Velocimeter Measurements  of  Sound
   Excited Wall  Vibrations in  Courved Annular Ducts.   201

Appliances

Noise From Domestic Appliances.                        228

Agricultural Machinery

Tractor Noise Studies.                                 242

Tractor and Machinery Noise.                           241

Building Acoustics

Investigations of Potential  for Combining  Thermal
   Insulation and Sound Absorption  in Industrial
   Buildings.                                          246

Noise and Vibration Transmission  in Concrete
   Structures.                                         247

Predicting Sound Levels   (a)  in Air-Conditioned
   Rooms (b)the  Sound Problems in Landscaped
   Office.                                             255

Impact and Vibration

Structural Modelling by the  Curve Fitting  of
   Measured Frequency Response Data.                   266

Physical Acoustics

Propagation of Noise From High Chimneys               275
                              329

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UNITED KINGDOM  (Continued)

Measurement and Methodology

Noise and Nuisance at Building and Road
   Construction Sites.                                 291

Propagation of Noise From Large Industrial
   Complexes                                           292

Improvement of Noise-Measuring Instruments.            311

USSR

Compressors

An Aggregate of Sound Suppressing Devices for High
   Power Centrifugal Compressors at  the Nevskiy
   Machine Building Plant.                             38

General Construction Equipment

Universal Molding Plant with Improved Noise  and
   Vibration Characteristics.                          50

Breakers and Drills

Design of High-Efficiency Silencer of Noise  From
   Hand-Operated Compressed Air Machines.              65

Other Industrial Equipment

Calculation of Noise From Vane-Type  Compressed
   Air Motor.

Scientific and Technical Problems of Industrial
   Noise Abatement; Main Guidelines  for Work
   Standards of Noise.                                 196

Building Acoustics

Testing Sound-Absorbent Linings in Large Work
   Shops.                                              256

Sound Absorbent Resonance Grating for Lining
   of Industrial Premises.                             257

Impact and Vibration

Minimizing Total Vibration  of  Operator Position
   by Cushioning Foundations of Vibration-
   Percussion Molding Plant.                           267
                               330

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USSR (Continued)                                       PAGE

Definition and Classification  Criteria of
   Impulse Noise.                                      268

Sources of Mechanical  Noise  from  Machines and
   Ways of Minimizing  Noise.                           269

Calculation of Vibration  Insulation of
   Technical Equipment Mounted on Overhead
   Covers of Industrial Buildings.                     270

Practical Standardization of  Vibrations of
   Machines and Equipment.                             271

Study and Implementation  of  Effective Methods
   of Combating Noise  and Vibrations.                 272

Measurement and Methodology

Development of Equipment  Making it  Possible to
   Obtain a Noise  Level Compatible  with
   Existing Regulations Relating  to Places
   of Work and Industrial Locals.                     311

WEST GERMANY

Earthmovers and Related Equipment

Measurement of Mechanical Vibrations in Forestry
   Vehicles and at Work Sites  of  the Lumber
   industry.                                           29

Compressors

Noise Reduction in Axial-Slow  Compressors.            35

Investigations for Reducing  the Noise of Silo
   Compressors.                                        39

Specialized Mining Equipment

Development of Low-Noise  Technologies in Mining
   and Construction; Calculation  of the Noise
   Dosage Distribution in Plant Hangars.              44

Improvement of Methods for Measuring Noise
   Emitted by Mining Machines.                        44

General Construction Equipment

Development of Integrated Noise Protection
   Services on Construction  Machinery for
   Track Laying.                                       51

                               331

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WEST GERMANY  (Continued)                              PAGE.

Research and Development Trends  Toward  Low-Noise
   Excavation Techniques for Urban  Applications.       52
                 t
Development of Integrated Noise  Abatement
   Measures for Pile Drivers - Investigation
   of Noise Emission by New Types of  Pile
   Drivers.                                            52

Improvement of Environmental Impact  of  Machines,
   in Particular of Construction Machines.             52

Development of Emission Values in Construction
   Machines - Elaboration of Scientific -
   Technical Principles for the  Formulation  of
   Regulations       the Federal Legislation
   on Emission Protection.                             57

Development of Means for Noise Reduction for
   Pile Drivers, Hydraulic Drill, Radial Fan,
   and Transport Systems.                              57

Woodworking Machinery

The Propagation  of the Noise Generated  by  Forest
   Vehicles and Operations of  the Lumber Industry
   in Certain Types of Stands  or Terrain Contours.     73

Determination of the Noise Emission by  Production
   Liner for Lumber Processing.                        74

Effect Levels on Noise Emission  in  Hot  and Cold
   Saws and Measures for Noise Abatement.              75

Environmental Impact of Mechanical  Lumber
   Industry.                                           80

Noise Research and Noise Reduction  in Circular
   Saws for Lumber Industry.                           81

Possibilities of Reducing Noise  Emission by
   Lumber Processing Machinery.                        81

Textile Machinery

Study and Determination of Measures for Noise
   Abatement on Our Spinning Frames and
   Drawing Frames.                                     87

Metal Working Machinery

Humanizing Working Conditions  for  the Welder.          104


                                332

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WEST GERMANY  (Continued)                              PAGE

Improvement of Working Conditions  in Cleaning
   Rooms of Foundries.                                 125

Study of Noise Impact and  Its  Reduction in
   Sheet Metal Industry.                               125

Noise of Machine Tools Used  for  Removal of
   Material (Basic Studies  of  Types  of
   Machines, Statistical Properties,
   Limitation of the Noise  Level).                     125

Noise Generation by Cutting Torches  and Flame
   Cutters.                                            123

Advance Computation of Noise Dosage
   Distribution  in Plant  Hangars.                      124

Other Industrial Equipment

Noise Research on Outer  and Inner-Geared
   Presure-Compensated Helical Gear  Wheels
   and Wheels With Non-Involute Gear Profile.         158

Noise Sources in Presses  and Development of
   Noise Abatement Measures, as Well as
   Their Control.                                      159

Noise Reduction  in Adjustable Axial  Piston
   Pumps by Affecting  the  Speed of Pressure
   Alternation in  the  Reversing Mechanism.            160

Safety Spacing for Refineries and Petrochemical
   Installations - Noise  Immission.                    16]

Study of the Behavior  in  Regard to Noise and
   of the  Causes of Noise  in Controllable and
   Adjustable Hydrostatic  Pumps.                      162

Noise Production in Flames.                           163

Noise Abatement  Measures  in Hydrostatic
   Components and  Systems.                            164

Noise Emission and Noise  Reduction in Electric
   Arc Furnaces  -  Improvement of Health
   Protection for  Personnel.                          165
                                  333

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WEST GERMANY   (Continued)                              PAGE

Noise Abatement at Work  Sites  in  Heavy-Plate
   Shearing Roll Trains.                               105

Determination  of the  Impulse  Sound  Directly
   Radiated by the Forge Hammer as  Part  of
   the Total Response.                                 106

Study of the Behavior  of Machine  Tool  Motors
   in Regard to Stiffness  and  Noise Generation.       107

Noise Abatement in Grinding of Sheet Metal and
   of Construction Elements Made  of Sheet Metal.      108

Development of a Low-Noise Processing  Technique
   for Sheet Metal and Sheet  Metal  Construction
   in Substitution for Noise-Intensive Grinding
   Processes with Hand-Held Grinding Machines.        109

Study of Data  and Methods  for  the Predetermination
   of Noise-Related Behavior  of Milling  Machines
   Under Conditions of Actual  Operation.               110

Technical Limiting Values  for  Planning Machine
   Tools With  Due Alternaiton  Economic Potential
   for Low-Noise Design.                               Ill

Noise Abatement in the Grinding of  Sheet Metal
   and of Construction Elements Made  of  Sheet
   Metal.                                              112

Noise Abatement in Rolling Mill Installations
   and Finishing Shops                                 113

Studies  for the Development of Noise Abatement
   Measures for Forging  Presses Based  on the
   Example of  a Double-Sided  Executive Forging
   Press.                                              114

Noise Distribution and Propagation  in  Hangars
   of the Steel Industry.                              115

Measures for Reducing the  Noise of  Sheet Metal
   Processing  Machines.                                125

Noise Reduction in Machine Tools.                     125

Noise Reduction in Rolling Mills, Furnaces,
   Saws.                                               125

Improvement of Working Conditions for  Welders.        125
                                334

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WEST GERMANY   (Continued)                               PAGE

Causes of Noise  Formation  and Pulsations  in
   Gas Burners for  Industrial Furnaces.                166

Development of Devices for Noise Abatement.            167

Noise Level Measurement and Preventive
   Steps for Reducing Noise Levels in
   Stone Shaping  Machinery.                            168

Noise Reduction  in  Adjustable Axial Piston-
   Pumps and Engines.                                  169

Developmental Work  Toward  Improving Working
   Conditions, in Cleaning Installations.              170

Development of an Active Liquid Sound Damper
   for the Reduction of Pressure Pulsation
   and Noise Generation in Hydraulic
   Installations.                                       171

Development and  Prototypal Use of Metallic
   Construction  Elements Made of Hyperplastic
   Materials to  Achieve Noise Damping by  Means
   of the Tight  Casing Principle.                      172

Analysis of Behavior in Regard to Noise and
   Noise Abatement  Procedure in Circular  Saws
   Used for Rock Cutting.                               174

Noise Measurements  on Toothed-Wheel Gearing            174

Noise Studies  in Industrial Installations and
   Technical Processes on  Single Machines as
   on Groups of  Machinery  to Determine
   Characteristic Emission Levels.                     174

Studies for the  Reduction  of Cavitation Noises
   in Valves Used in Oil Hydraulics.                   174

Extrapolation  of Noise Measurements on
   Hydraulic Piston Engines.                           174

Increased Damping of Noise Transmitted by
   Structure Through Friction Between Machine
   Parts.                                               197

Determination  of the Noise Emission Level of
   the High-Rise Torch in  a Refinery as a
   Function of Operating Condition.                    198
                                335

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WEST GERMANY  (Continued)                              PAGE

Propagation of Machine Noise  in  Various Terrain
   Formations and Industrial  Installations and
   Its Impact on the Working  Man.                      199

Study of Acoustic Fields  in Plants  and
   Structures.                                         201

Noise Reduction in Large  Transformers by Means
   of Acoustical Compensation.                         201

Noise Generation by Combustion Fluetutations
   in Oil Burners-Measurement Techniques for
   Nozzle Impedance and Turnover Fluctuations.        201

Effects of Noise Sources  and  Reduction of
   Turbines.                                           201

Combustion

Reduction of Total Noise  Level in Power Chain
   Saws.                                               205

Research on Modern Low-Noise  Engines Regarding
   the Connection Between Noise  and the
   Parameters Affecting the Casing.                   206

Tools

Emission Measurements on  Compressed-Air Tools.        210

Reduction of the Total Noise  Level in Power
   Chain Saws, With the Aim  to Designing a
   Saw Whose Noise Level  is Below 90 dB(A).

Study and Development of  High-Speed Low-Noise
   Tools.                                              212

Noise Abatement in Lawnmowers and Combination
   Tools, e.g. Normalization.                         214

Appliances

Noise Abatement in Ventilators  of Special Air
   Conditioning Installations.                         218

Building Acoustics

Analysis of Research Results  for DIN 4108
   and DIN 4109.                                       248
                              336

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WEST GERMANY   (Continued)                               PAGE

Major Construction  Project,  Columbus Center
   in Bremerhaven.                                      249

Computation of  Real Noise  Progagation Within
   Certain Built-Up Conditons.                          250

Noise Abatement  with Sanitation Planning.              251

Determining the  Imprecision  of  Rapid
   Measurement  of Architectural Acoustics.             258

Impact and Vibration

Investigation  of Vibration - and Stress Crack
   Corrosion in  Unalloyed  or Low-Alloy Steels
   for Devices  Used in Environmental Technology,
   and Particularly in Dust  Removal Installations.     264

Physical Acoustics

Research on the  Transmission Function of
   Machinery in  Regard to  Noise Generation.            276

Research to Determine the  Distribution of Noise
   Levels by Meteorological  Influences in the
   Lower Atmosphere.                                   277

Determination  of the Mechanical Imput Impedance
   in Machine  Elements as  well  as Development of
   Measures to  Achieve Higher Impedance, with
   Examples.                                            278

Computation of  Noise Dosage  Distribution in
   Factory Hangars.                                    279

Experimental Research on the Interaction of
   Sound, Flow,  Bodies Subjected Flow Action
   and Consumption  in a Flame.                          281

Sound Abatement  by  Condensater.                        282

Effects  of the  Site Characteristics on the
   Measurement  of Noise.                               283

Measurement and  Methodology

Development of  Uniform Procedures for the
   Measurement  and  Evaluation of the Emission
   and Immission of Noise.                             293
                              337

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WEST GERMANY   (Continued)                               PAGE

Research and  Sources  of Noise in Industry
   and in Trade.                                        294

Formulation of  Technical Norms Within
   National and  International Frameworks
   in the Area  of  Acoustical and Vibration
   Technology,  Particularly for Noise Sounds.          295

Search for Partial Noise Sources in Finishing
   Installations by Means of Short-range
   Response Density Measurement.                       296

Measurement of  Sound  Waves Transmitted by
   Structure  in  Technical Building
   Installations.                                       297

Research and  Development on Instruments and
   Methods for  Noise  Measurement.                      310

Measurement of  Acoustic Radiation of the
   Maching Elements (Numerical Calculators).           311

Improvement of  Methods for Calculating
   Characteristic  Values of Fluctuating
   Noise.  Technical  Principles of Noise
   Measurement.                                         312

Improvement of  Methods for Measuring Noise
   Emitted by Machines and Vehicles.                   312

& U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE- 1978-720-335/6030-31
                                338

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