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This report has been reviewed by the Emission Standards Division of the Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA, and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended to constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are available
through the Library Services Office (MD-35), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, or from National Technical
Information Services, 5285 Port Royal, Springfield, VA 22161.
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CONTENTS
Page
1. Introduction 1
2. Required Equipment 3
3. Program Installation 4
3.1 Program installation to a hard drive 4
3.2 Initiating the program after installation 6
3.3 Program installation to a diskette 7
3.4 Initiating the program installed on a diskette 9
3.5 Initializing a new "data" diskette 9
4. Overview of the Computer Model Package 11
5. The "Mechanical" Programs 13
5.1 MAIN MENU 13
5.2 The ENTRY option (from the MAIN MENU) 14
5.3 The VIEW option from the MAIN MENU 20
6. The "Wind Erosion" Programs 26
6.1 MAIN MENU 26
6.2 The WIND option from the MAIN MENU 27
6.3 The ENTRY option from the MAIN MENU 27
6.4 The VIEW option from the MAIN MENU 30
ii
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SECTION 1.0
INTRODUCTION
The programs on these diskettes serve two purposes. Their primary
purpose is to facilitate the process of data entry, allowing the user not only
to enter and verify the data which he/she possesses, but also to access addi-
tional data which might not be readily available. The second purpose is, of
course, to calculate emission rates for the particular source category
selected using the data previously entered and verified.
The computer programs in this package are based on the material presented
in the document, Control of Open Fugitive Dust Sources, EPA-450/3-88-008. This
document is called the "reference document" throughout this user's manual and
throughout the programs. It is recommended that the user have the reference
document handy while he/she is first using the computer package.
All procedures, including data entry and verification, emission calcula-
tions, and outputting of results, are initiated by selecting an appropriate
option from a list called the MAIN MENU. Depending on the option picked, the
user will then be guided through the desired procedure with detailed on-screen
instructions. In addition to the on-screen instructions and these user notes,
HELP files are available at most steps. Whenever the user feels confused or
wants clarification about the topic, the HELP feature can be employed. By
following the instructions shown on the screen, the user will either
(1) directly access HELP or (2) be led to a screen from which direct access to
HELP is provided. The HELP feature provides definitions for terms with which
the user might not be familiar. In addition, for certain variables, typical
or suggested default values are given. For example, the number of days with
significant rainfall is given for over 175 cities, and the mean annual wind
speed is provided for over 120 cities. The user will find the HELP feature a
very useful one at all stages of the data entry process.
On the following pages, the user will find a detailed discussion of how
to install and use the programs. It is important to note that the users may
find that the computer-generated emissions differ in some cases from estimates
based on the example calculations described in the reference document. For
example, the reference document presents an emission factor for truck hauling
of demolition debris. Inherent in this factor are specific assumptions
concerning:
The average speed and weight of the trucks.
• The number of wheels per truck.
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• The number of days per year with measurable rainfall.
The distance of truck travel.
The computer program, on the other hand, provides the user with the
opportunity to input site-specific values of these parameters in support of a
site-specific emission factor for this source. Hard copy outputs from the
program describe what methods in the reference document were used to estimate
the emissions so that any differences from the example calculations in the
reference document can be understood.
In addition, the wind erosion estimation methods described in the
reference document require knowledge of the joint frequency distribution of
both (a) high wind events and (b) disturbances of the erodible surface
material. In general, because it is very difficult to predict the occurrence
of these events, the approach taken in Section 6.0 of this manual employs
several conservative assumptions. Consequently, the wind erosion estimates
produced by the computer program may be greater than those calculated using
the reference document. This is discussed in greater detail in Section 6.0.
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SECTION 2.0
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
The equipment necessary to operate this program is:
An IBM-compatible computer equipped with either a hard drive and a
5 1/4-in single disk drive or dual disk drives with one disk drive
being a 5 1/4-in disk drive.
An MS-DOS operating system installed on the computer.
Either a wide-carriage (132-character) printer or a printer capable
of printing text in a condensed mode. (NOTE: Because user copies
of the output will be contained in a text file stored on diskettes,
the printer need not be in the same physical location as the
computer.)
Another item that may prove useful (but is not necessary) is either a
text editor (such as "Program Editor," supplied by Satellite Software) or a
word processing program (such as WordPerfect) capable of manipulating ASCII or
DOS text files. These programs may be used to modify reports produced by this
program.
The user should be aware of the type of disk drive(s) (high- or low-
density) that is available on the computer on which the program is to be
used. The user should take the necessary precautions to ensure that the cor-
rect type of diskette is used when either installing the program onto another
diskette or saving data onto a diskette. The user should be aware of the fol-
lowing information:
• Low-Density Disk Drive
A low-density disk drive can only use low-density diskettes (also
known as double-sided/double-density diskettes). The low-density
disk drive can neither input nor retrieve data from a high-density
diskette.
High-Density Disk Drive
A high-density disk drive can retrieve data from a low-density dis-
kette. However, there is the potential for error if a high-density
disk drive is used to input data onto a low-density diskette.
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SECTION 3.0
PROGRAM INSTALLATION
The computer package consists of two 5 1/4-in diskettes, one marked
"Mechanical" and the other "Wind Erosion." Each diskette is a double-
sided/double-density diskette (low-density diskette) which contains a DOS
batch file to install the necessary programs onto the computer's hard drive or
another diskette. The diskettes supplied with this package can be reused to
install the programs onto different computers. Thus the original diskettes
supplied should be kept in a safe place so that the programs can be
reinstalled if necessary.
The computer used in both of the following installation examples is con-
figured in the following manner. Please note that computers can be configured
differently.
Drive "A"
Drive "B"
Drive "C"
5 1/4-in drive designed for high-density diskettes
5 1/4-in drive designed for low-density diskettes
hard drive
Throughout both of these examples, if the "Mechanical" or "Wind Erosion"
program diskette is inserted in the "B" drive instead of the "A" drive, the
"A's" in the following commands would be "B's".
In order to install or operate this program, the computer must be in
DOS. The "C" drive is the initial default drive for the computer used in the
following examples. Therefore, the initial screen will have the following
prompt:
C:\>
3.1 PROGRAM INSTALLATION TO A HARD DRIVE
The following instructions will assist the user to install the
"Mechanical" and "Wind Erosion" programs onto a hard drive. The "Mechanical"
and Wind Erosion" programs are placed in directories named "MECH@x@y" and
"WIND@x@y", respectively. In the unlikely event that a hard drive already
contains directories with these names, the contents of the existing
directories should be copied to new directories.
In addition to the two program diskettes, the user will need two clean
(contains no files) formatted diskettes. These diskettes will be referred to
as the "Data" diskettes throughout these instructions. One diskette will be
the "Data" diskette for the "Mechanical" program, and the other will be the
"Data" diskette for the "Wind Erosion" program.
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Because of the way the program is written, the "Data" diskette must be
used in the same disk drive as the one used to install the program.
Therefore, for a computer configured as the one used in this example, the
"Data" diskette must be a high-density diskette if the program was installed
from disk drive "A", and a low-density diskette if drive "B" was used to
install the program.
1. Insert either the "Mechanical" or the "Wind Erosion" diskette into a
disk drive (drive "A" for this example), and make that disk drive
the default drive by entering "A:" at the prompt. For this example,
assume that the "Mechanical" program is being installed.
2. Enter the command "PUTMEIN" at the prompt. For this example:
A:\>PUTMEIN
3. The first screen will inform the user as to which program is being
installed, either the "Mechanical" or the "Wind Erosion." In this
example, the screen will display a message indicating that the
mechanical resuspension programs are to be installed.
At the bottom of the screen appears,
Press ENTER when you are ready to continue.
4. Upon pressing ENTER, the user will be asked to provide the following
information:
Enter the disk drive that the MECHANICAL diskette is in (e.g.,
"A" or "C").
Enter the destination drive to which the program is to be
installed.
NOTE: The response to these two questions must be different. For
this example, the "Mechanical" diskette is in the "A" drive and the
program will be installed in the "C" drive.
5. The next screen will ask the user the following question:
Is the destination drive a hard drive (y/n)?
For this example, enter "y".
6. After entering "y", the next screen will ask the user to indicate
which drive (and directory, if any) contained the DOS PRINT.COM
file. The screen will appear as follows:
Enter the drive (and directory, if any) that contains the DOS
PRINT.COM file. The information should be entered as follows:
DRIVE:\DIRECTORY (for example, C:\DOS).
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For this example, because the PRINT.COM file is in the root
directory of the hard drive, enter "C:\".
7. The next screen will request the user to enter the command "INSTL"
to begin copying the program onto the hard drive. In this example,
the screen will read:
Enter the command "INSTL" to begin installation of the program.
All program files will be copied into C:\MECH@x@y (for the
"Mechanical" program or C:\WIND@x@y for the "Wind Erosion"
program).
8. The final screen for the installation portion of the program will
be:
Remove the MECHANICAL diskette and insert a formatted diskette
into drive "A". The diskette in drive "A" will become the "Data"
diskette.
Enter the following commands separately:
(1) A:
(2) cd\
(3) copy C:\MECH(Px@y\atb@t\*.* A:\*.*
(4) MENU
NOTE: When installing the "Wind Erosion" program, step (3) will
appear as follows: copy C:\WIND@x@y\atb@t\*.* A:\*.*
NOTE: For this example, the diskette inserted into drive "A" will
be a high-density diskette since "A" is a high-density drive. This
diskette becomes the "Data" diskette which will contain the input
and output data and should be dedicated solely for use with this
program.
By following the above instructions, the program has been installed on
the hard drive. The main menu screen will be displayed after entering the
command "MENU".
3.2 INITIATING THE PROGRAM AFTER INSTALLATION
Once the program has been installed on the hard drive, the user can
access it by complying with the following instructions:
1. The computer must be in the DOS program.
2. Insert the "Data" diskette into the proper disk drive (for this
example, drive "A"), and make that disk drive the default drive.
3. Enter the command "MENU".
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3.3 PROGRAM INSTALLATION TO A DISKETTE
The following instructions will assist the user to install the
"Mechanical" and "Wind Erosion" programs onto diskettes. For this example,
assume that the "Mechanical" program is being installed.
In addition to the two program diskettes, the user will need four clean
(contains no files) formatted diskettes. Two of the diskettes will be used to
store data. These diskettes will be referred to as the "Data" diskettes for
either "Mechanical" or "Wind Erosion" programs throughout these instruc-
tions. The DOS file PRINT.COM must be copied onto the two "Data" diskettes.
Users unfamiliar with this type of operation should consult the persons
responsible for their computer installation.
The "Mechanical" and "Wind Erosion" programs will be installed on the
other two diskettes, one diskette for each program. These diskettes will be
referred to as the "Program" diskettes.
1. Insert the "Mechanical" or "Wind Erosion" diskette into a disk drive
(drive "A" for this example), and make that disk drive the default
drive by entering "A:" at the prompt. (Since the computer used in
this example has both a high- and low-density disk drive, the pro-
gram diskette should be inserted in the high-density disk drive.
See Section 2.0 for a discussion of high- and low-density disk
drives.) In this example, assume that the "Mechanical" programs are
to be installed.
2. Insert a clean (contains no files) formatted diskette into drive
"B". This diskette should be formatted without the DOS SYSTEM
files. If the DOS SYSTEM files are formatted onto this diskette,
there will be insufficient space remaining for the program. (In
this example, the "Mechanical" program is copied onto a low-density
diskette since the "B" drive is a low-density disk drive.)
3. Enter the command "PUTMEIN" at the prompt. For example:
A:\>PUTMEIN
4. The first screen will inform the user which program is being
installed, either the "Mechanical" or the "Wind Erosion." In this
example, the screen will inform the user that the mechanical
resuspension portion of the package is to be installed.
At the bottom of the screen appears,
Press ENTER when you are ready to continue.
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5. Upon pressing ENTER, the user will be asked to provide the following
information:
Enter the disk drive that the MECHANICAL diskette is in (e.g.,
"A").
Enter the destination drive to which the program is to be
installed.
NOTE: The response to these two questions must be different. For
this example, the "Mechanical" diskette is in the "A" drive, and the
program will be installed onto the diskette in the "B" drive.
6. The next screen will ask the user the following question:
Is the destination drive a hard drive (y/n)?
For this example enter "n".
7. The next screen will request the user to enter the command "INSTL"
to begin copying the program onto the disk drive. In this example,
the screen will read:
Enter the command "INSTL" to begin installation of the program.
All program files will be copied into B:\MECH@x@y (for the
"Mechanical" program and B:\WIND@x@Y for the "wind Erosion"
program).
8. The final screen for the installation portion of the program will
be:
Remove the MECHANICAL diskette and insert a formatted diskette
into drive A. The diskette in drive A will become the "Data"
diskette and should contain the DOS PRINT.COM file.
Enter the following commands separately:
(1) A:
(2) cd\
(3) copy B:\MECH@x@y\atb@t\*.* A:\*.*
(4) MENU
NOTE: When installing the "Wind Erosion" program, step (3) will
appear as follows: copy B:\WIND@x@Y\atb@t\*.* A:\*.*
NOTE: If "A" is a high-density drive, the user is advised to use a
high-density diskette for the "Data" diskette.
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3.4 INITIATING THE PROGRAM INSTALLED ON A DISKETTE
Once the program has been installed onto a diskette, the user can access
the program by complying with the following instructions:
1. The computer must be in the DOS program.
2. Insert the "Data" diskette into the proper disk drive (for this
example, drive "A"), and make that disk drive the default drive.
3. Insert the "Program" diskette into the proper disk drive (for this
example, drive "B").
4. Enter the command "MENU".
3.5 INITIALIZING A NEW "DATA" DISKETTE
When the storage capacity of the "Data" diskette becomes limited, it is
recommended that a new "Data" diskette be initialized. In order to initialize
a new "Data" diskette, the following steps must be complied with.
1. The computer must be in the DOS program.
2. If the program was installed on a hard disk drive:
• Insert a newly formatted diskette into a disk drive (for this
example, use drive "A:), and make that disk drive the default
drive by entering "A:" at the prompt. (Use the proper density
[high or low] diskette.)
• Enter the following commands separately:
(1) cd\
(2) copy C:\WXYZ@x@y\atb@t\*.* A:\*.*
NOTE: "WXYZ" is "WIND" for the wind erosion programs and "MECH" for
the mechanical programs.
3. If the program was installed on a diskette:
• Insert a newly formatted diskette into a disk drive (for this
example, use drive "A"), and make that disk drive the default
drive by entering "A:" at the prompt. (Use the proper density
[high or low] diskette, and copy the DOS file PRINT.COM onto the
diskette.)
• Insert the "Program" diskette into the remaining disk drive (for
this example, use drive "B").
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• Enter the following commands separately:
(1) cd\
(2) copy B:\WXYZ<£>x@y\atb(£>t\*.* A:\*.*
NOTE: "WXYZ" is "WIND" for the wind erosion programs and "MECH" for
the mechanical programs.
NOTE: Different "Data" diskettes must be used for both the
"Mechanical" and "Wind Erosion" program.
10
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SECTION 4.0
OVERVIEW OF THE COMPUTER MODEL PACKAGE
The computer programs in this package are based on the material presented
in the document, Control of Open Fugitive Dust Sources, EPA-450/3-88-008. This
document is referred to as the "reference document" throughout this user's
manual and throughout the programs. It is recommended that the user have the
reference document handy while he/she is first using the computer package.
The basic operation of the programs relies on user-generated data
files. During data entry routines, user-generated files are automatically
named with the following format:
filename.EXT
where "filename" is a five- to eight-character name used to identify the file,
and "EXT" is a two- or three-character extension used to identify the type of
file. The filename is based on certain information requested of the user dur-
ing the data entry process. The extension used to identify the type of infor-
mation contained in the file follows certain conventions.
For "mechanical" sources, "EXT" consists of two letters, with the first
being "U" for unpaved roads, "P" for paved roads, "M" for materials handling,
"A" for agricultural tilling, or "C" for construction/demolition activities.
The second letter is either "E" for English units (e.g., mile, feet, etc.) or
"M" for metric units (e.g., meters, kilometers). Thus a file with an exten-
sion of "ME" indicates that the file contains data input for materials han-
dling operations and that English units were chosen to characterize the
sources.
For wind erosion sources, the possible extensions are either (a) "MET,"
denoting a "fastest mile of wind" data file, or (b) for data ENTRY/VIEW files,
a two- or three-letter extension of the form:
XYZ
where: X is either E or M, for English or metric units, respectively
Y is either F or P, for flat area or pile, respectively
Z is a blank for flat areas and either C or 0, for conical or oval
piles, respectively
11
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The computer programs will always present a list of available data files meet-
ing the necessary specifications (i.e., the proper EXT) when the user is asked
to provide a filename. (NOTE: Always supply the full name including the
extension when asked to supply a filename.)
Calculated emission rates for all mechanical sources are given in terms
of grams per second (g/s). This approach has been taken because emission
inventory activities usually include some dispersion modeling which, in turn,
requires emission rates to be in g/s. User copies of the output contain the
multiplicative factors needed to convert g/s to Mg/yr, ton/yr, and Ib/d. The
remaining portions of this user's manual discuss the use of the computer pro-
grams to calculate emission rates and develop control plans for open dust
sources.
12
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SECTION 5.0
THE "MECHANICAL" PROGRAMS
This section of the manual describes the use of the programs contained on
the diskette marked "Mechanical." These programs allow the user to obtain
emission estimates for the following open dust source categories:
Source category Chapter in reference document
Unpaved roads 3
Paved roads 2
Materials handling 4
Agricultural tilling 7
Construction/demolition 5
5.1 MAIN MENU
Once the programs have been installed (following the installation proce-
dures given in Section 3.0), enter MENU. After MENU has been typed, the
screen will clear, and a menu or "list" of options will appear. To choose any
one of the options listed, simply type the capitalized part of the option word
(in this case, the first letter). The screen will clear once again, and new
instructions and/or information will appear. The available options include
the following:
MENU—choosing this option now or later will return the user to this
screen.
ENTRY—choosing this option allows the user to enter data for any of five
different source categories: unpaved roads, paved roads, materials han-
dling, construction/demolition, and agricultural tilling. This option is
discussed in more detail on the following pages.
VIEW--choosing this option allows the user to review and, if desired,
modify data files already created under the ENTRY option. In addition,
this option allows the user to calculate emission rates and, where appro-
priate, study the effects of various control strategies on the emission
rates. This option is also discussed in greater detail on the following
pages.
13
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REPORT—choosing this option allows the user to print copies of the data
and the emission rates resulting from them. (NOTE: These copies are
contained in a file named "PM10.D@T," which should be deleted with the
command
DEL PM10.D@T
after the printer has stopped.)
5.2 THE ENTRY OPTION (FROM THE MAIN MENU) •
Once the ENTRY option is chosen, the user will be asked to choose from
five source categories: unpaved roads, paved roads, materials handling,
construction/demolition, or agricultural tilling. Regardless of the source
picked, several features will be similar. First, the user will be asked to
indicate whether English or metric units are to be used. Then, the screen
will clear and information concerning data requirements for the particular
source will appear. Those data items which need to be entered only once
(e.g., facility name, days of rainfall, etc.) are discussed, as well as those
data items for which default values might be desired. Default values may be
used in the absence of site-specific values; however, the use of site-specific
data is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED.
The "default value" may also be used to simplify data entry for a param-
eter, such as vehicle speed, which might have the same value for many of the
data records to be entered. For example, if the user is inputting 30 data
records for unpaved roads and if 20 involve a vehicle speed of 25 mph, then
the user can make the default value of vehicle speed 25 mph so that only those
values NOT equal to 25 mph would have to be entered.
Please note that for those data items which have a default value, some
value MUST be entered even if no default value is desired. If the suggested
default value is acceptable, simply hit the "enter" key. If some other value
is desired, type that value into the field. Remember that, while the default
values must be entered, they do not HAVE to be used.
The data entry procedures for each of the source categories available
under the ENTRY option will now be discussed. (NOTE: The double quote ["]
should NOT be used in any response to denote, say, "inches" or "ditto.")
5.2.1 Unpaved Roads
Choosing this source under the ENTRY option of the MAIN MENU will allow
the user to input data values which will be used to calculate emission rates
for unpaved roads. First, the user will be asked to indicate whether English
or metric units are to be used. Then, the number of days with significant
rain is requested. The screen clears, and the number of working days per year
is asked for. The screen clears again, and the user will encounter a screen
showing highlighted fields for:
Facility name
Road segment ID
14
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Vehicle passes
Length of road segment
Average vehicle speed (D)
Number of wheels (D)
Average weight (D)
Silt content (D)
A (D) following a data item indicates that a default value for that particular
item is suggested (and required).
When this screen first appears, the user will be asked to supply the
facility name and choose default values for speed, number of wheels, weight,
and silt content. (NOTE: Suggested values appear directly to the right on
the screen.) If the suggested value is acceptable, simply hit the "enter"
key. Otherwise, type in the desired value. But remember that some value must
be entered even if no default value is desired. Also, while the default
values must be entered, they do not have to be used.
When these five fields have been entered, the program will ask if the
entered data are OK. If the user presses "Y", a new screen will appear and
the data for the first road segment (record No. 1) can be entered. If the
answer is "N", then the user will be able to change the incorrect data.
When record No. 1, or any record after this one, is being entered, the
user MUST supply a road segment ID (e.g., Al, segmentl, etc.). Please note
that since a "q" or "Q" is entered to exit the data entry procedure, the road
segment ID should not be a single "q" or "Q". (NOTE: Segment IDs such as
"ql" or "QQ" ARE acceptable.) The user then enters the number of passes and
the length of the road segment. When the user reaches any of the data items
which have a default value associated with them, the actual value should be
entered unless the default value is desired. Should the user want the default
value, pressing the "enter" key will automatically cause the default value to
be used. (NOTE: An asterisk is appended to denote that the default was
selected.)
If, during the data entry process, the HELP feature is desired, enter a
question mark "?" instead of a numerical value, and the HELP feature will
become available.
When the user quits the data entry routine (by entering a "q" or "Q" in
the road segment ID field), the program will store the entered data in a file
and inform the user of the file name.
5.2.2 Paved Roads
Choosing this source under the ENTRY option of the MAIN MENU will allow
the user to input data values which will be used to calculate emission rates
for paved roads. First, the user will be asked to indicate whether English or
metric units are to be used. The screen clears, and the number of working
15
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days per year is asked for. The screen clears again, and the user will
encounter a screen showing highlighted fields for:
Facility name
Road segment ID
Vehicle passes
Length of road segment
Average weight (D)
Average silt load on road surface (D)
A (D) following a data item indicates that a default value for that particular
item is suggested (and required).
When this screen first appears, the user will be asked to supply the
facility name and choose default values for weight and silt loading. (NOTE:
Suggested values appear directly to the right on the screen.)
If the suggested value is acceptable, simply hit the "enter" key. Other-
wise, type in the desired value. Again, remember that while the default
values must be entered, they do not have to be used. (NOTE: Silt loading
values are always entered in the units of g/m2, whether English or metric
units are selected. This convention is used because the usual method of
determining the weight of vacuum bag samples is with a metric triple beam
balance.)
When these three fields have been entered, the program will ask if the
entered data are OK. If the user presses "Y", a new screen will appear and
the data for the first road segment (record No. 1) can be entered. If the
answer is "N", then the user will be able to change the incorrect data.
When record No. 1, or any record after this one, is being entered, the
user MUST supply a road segment ID (e.g., Al, segmentl, etc.). Please note
that since a "q" or "Q" is entered to exit the data entry procedure, the road
segment ID should not be a single "q" or "Q". (NOTE: Segment IDs such as
"ql" or "QQ" ARE acceptable.) The user then enters the number of passes and
the length of the road segment. When the user reaches any of the data items
which have a default value associated with them, the actual value should be
entered unless the default value is desired. Should the user want the default
value, pressing the "enter" key will automatically cause the default value to
be used. (NOTE: An asterisk is appended to default values.)
If at any time during the data entry process, the HELP feature is
desired, enter a question mark "?" instead of a numerical value, and the HELP
feature will become available.
When the user quits the data entry routine (by entering a "q" or "Q" in
the road segment ID field), the program will store the entered data in a file
and inform the user of the file name.
16
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5.2.3 Materials Handling
Choosing this source under the ENTRY option of the MAIN MENU will allow
the user to input data values which will be used to calculate emission rates
for materials handling operations. First, the user will be asked to indicate
whether English or metric units are to be used. Then the mean annual wind
speed is requested. The screen clears, and the number of working days per
year is asked for. The screen clears again, and the user will encounter a
screen showing highlighted fields for:
Facility name
Material ID
Amount handled per day
Moisture content (D)
Silt content (D)
A (D) following a data item indicates that a default value for that particular
item is suggested (and required).
When this screen first appears, the user will be asked to supply the
facility name and choose default values for moisture content and silt con-
tent. (NOTE: Suggested values appear directly to the right on the screen.)
If the suggested value is acceptable, simply hit the "enter" key. Otherwise,
type in the desired value. But remember that some value must be entered even
if no default value is desired.
When these three fields have been entered, the program will ask if the
entered data are OK. If the user presses "Y", a new screen will appear and
the data for the first material (record No. 1) can be entered. If the answer
is "N", then the user will be able to change the incorrect data.
When record No. 1, or any record after this one, is being entered, the
user MUST supply a material ID (e.g., Al, segmentl, etc.). Please note that
since a "q" or "Q" is entered to exit the data entry procedure, the material
ID should not be a single "q" or "Q". (NOTE: IDs such as "ql" or "QQ" ARE
acceptable.) The user then enters the amount of material handled. When the
user reaches any of the data items which have a default value associated with
them, the actual value should be entered unless the default value is
desired. Should the user want the default value, pressing the "enter" key
will automatically cause the default value to be used. (NOTE: An asterisk is
appended to default values to denote that the default was selected.)
If at any time during the data entry process, the HELP feature is
desired, enter a question mark "?" instead of a numerical value, and the HELP
feature will become available.
When the user quits the data entry routine (by entering a "q" or "Q" in
the material ID field), the program will store the entered data in a file and
inform the user of the file name.
17
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5.2.4 Agricultural Tilling
Choosing this source under the ENTRY option of the MAIN MENU will allow
the user to input data values which will be used to calculate emission rates
for agricultural tilling operations. First, the user will be asked to indi-
cate whether English or metric units are to be used. The screen clears, and
the user will encounter a screen showing highlighted fields for:
Agricultural area
Source ID
Area tilled
Number of days worked per year
Silt content of field material (D)
A (D) following a data item indicates that a default value for that particular
item is suggested (and required).
When this screen first appears, the user will be asked to supply the
agricultural area name and choose a default value for the silt content.
(NOTE: A suggested value appears directly to the right on the screen.) If
the suggested value is acceptable, simply hit the "enter" key. Otherwise,
type in the desired value. But remember that some value must be entered even
if no default value is desired. Remember that while the default value must be
entered, it does not have to be used.
when these three fields have been entered, the program will ask if the
entered data are OK. If the user presses "Y", a new screen will appear and
the data for the first source (record No. 1) can be entered. If the answer is
"N", then the user will be able to change the incorrect data.
When record No. 1, or any record after this one, is being entered, the
user MUST supply a source ID (e.g., Al, segmentl, etc.). Please note that
since a "q" or "Q" is entered to exit the data entry procedure, the source ID
should not be a single "q" or "Q". (NOTE: Segment IDs such as "ql" or "QQ"
ARE acceptable.) The user then enters the area tilled and the number of days
that this area has been worked. When the user reaches the data field for silt
content, the actual value should be entered unless the default value is
desired. Should the user want the default value, pressing the "enter" key
will automatically cause the default value to be used. (NOTE: An asterisk is
appended to denote that the default was selected.)
If at any time during the data entry process, the HELP feature is
desired, enter a question mark "?" instead of a numerical value, and the HELP
feature will become available.
When the user quits the data entry routine (by entering a "q" or "Q" in
the source ID field), the program will store the entered data in a file and
inform the user of the file name.
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5.2.5 Construction/Demolition
Choosing this source under the ENTRY option of the MAIN MENU will allow
the user to input data values which will be used to calculate emission rates
for construction/demolition operations. First, the user will be asked to
indicate whether English or metric units are to be used. The screen clears,
and several screens appear requesting specific information.
The construction/demolition input format is slightly different from the
first four source categories. For the first four categories, repetitive data
entry (e.g., several road segments in an industrial plant or several different
materials handling) is usually necessary. For construction activities, how-
ever, emission estimates are obtained from user responses to a series of
individual questions. The first set of information requested (each on a
separate screen) is:
Name of construction site
Average number of rain days (D)
Average wind speed (D)
Distance from the public access road to the site
Silt content of site surface (D)
Moisture content of surface (D)
A (D) following a data item in this section of the manual indicates that a
default value for that particular item is available. After these data items
have been entered, the user is asked if there are data for a demolition
phase. If the reply is yes, then, on separate screens, the user is asked to
supply data for:
Floor space
Number of weeks for this phase
Number of workdays per week (D)
Haul truck net weight (D)
Haul truck average speed (D)
Number of wheels (D)
After these data items have been entered (or if the demolition phase has been
skipped), the user is asked if there are data for site preparation. If the
reply is yes, then, on separate screens, the user is asked to supply data for:
Number of weeks for preparation
Workdays per week (D)
Number of bulldozer h/d
Number of scraper h/d
Amount of material hauled per day
Average scraper speed (D)
Average haul truck speed (D)
Average weight of haul truck (D)
19
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After these data items have been entered (or if the site preparation phase has
been skipped), the user is asked if there are data for new construction activ-
ities. If the reply is yes, then, on separate screens, the user is asked to
supply data for:
Area of active construction
Number of weeks for construction
Number of workdays per week (D)
Number of work hours per day (D)
Number of vehicles entering the site per day (D)
Vehicle passes/day on adjacent paved streets (D)
When the user encounters any of the data items which have a default value
associated with them, the actual value should be entered unless the default
value is desired. Should the user want the default value, pressing the
"enter" key will automatically cause the default value to be used. (NOTE: An
asterisk is appended to default values to denote that the default was
selected.)
If at any time during the data entry process for construction/demolition,
the HELP feature is desired, enter a question mark "?" instead of a numerical
value, and the HELP feature will become available.
When all of the data have been entered, the program will store the
entered data in a file and inform the user of the file name.
5.3 THE VIEW OPTION FROM THE MAIN MENU
The VIEW option allows the user to review, modify if necessary, and
process any data which have been entered using the ENTRY option previously
discussed. Since it is possible that data for many different facilities
and/or source categories have already been entered, it is necessary for the
user to enter the name of the file that contains the data to be reviewed and
processed. A list of data files stored by the user is listed at the top of
the first screen which appears when this option is chosen. The user should
choose from this list. Next, if the source category corresponding to the data
is either unpaved roads, paved roads, or materials handling, the user will be
asked if controls are to be considered. If the answer is no (meaning that NO
controls are to be factored into the calculations), then for any source cate-
gory, the data are presented in a spread sheet format. The user need only
move about the spread sheet and make changes where desired. The worst-case
and annual emission rates for an individual source will be automatically
updated when any data values affecting that source are changed. The user will
find ample on-screen instructions for how to move about the spread sheet, how
to make changes in the data, and how to update the complete spread sheet.
When the user exits the spread sheet, the program will ask whether the
changes should be saved. Please note that:
If changes are to be saved, the previous data file will be over-
written (i.e., previous data are lost and only the data as they now
appear in the spread sheet will be saved).
20
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Changes may only be saved if the user chooses not to consider con-
trols. Thus, when verifying the input data or adding data to an
existing file, the user should elect not to consider controls. Once
the changes have been saved, the user may immediately reVIEW the
file and consider controls.
If the user wishes to consider how controls might affect the emission rates,
then several data values will be requested before the spread sheet is pre-
sented. The programs also contain information necessary to estimate the costs
associated with the control program. These data items related to emission
controls are explained in some detail on the following pages.
5.3.1 Unpaved Roads
5.3.1.1 Control Options--
The user is first asked to choose between two possible controls: water-
ing or chemical suppressants. If the user chooses watering, then the follow-
ing data are requested:
Mean annual Class A Pan evaporation
% Vehicle travel during daylight hours
Average road width
Average watering rate
Number of daylight working hours
If the user chooses chemical suppressants, then the following data are
requested:
Weeks per year chemical is applied ("dust control season")
Average volume of chemical (not solution) applied each time
Average road width
Weeks between applications
Once the control data are entered, all the data will be presented in a spread
sheet format. The spread sheet will look the same as the one when no controls
were used; however, in this case, the user will find the total worst-case and
annual emission rates calculated for both controlled and uncontrolled
sources. In addition, for each source, the individual worst-case and annual
controlled emission rate is presented.
User copies of the spread sheets contain information upon which control
costs may be estimated. For watering, the amount of water needed is presented
in base units of 1,000 gal/h or 1,000 L/h. Because one truck can be assumed
to apply 4,250 gal or 16,000 L every hour, the user can determine how many
water trucks are required (at an estimated cost of $50,000 per truck). Chem-
ical suppressant needs are expressed in base units of 1,000 gal or 1,000 L/yr.
The spread sheets also present an estimated unit cost for the chemicals of
$1.50/gal or $0.40/1, together with a multiplicative factor for delivery and
application.
Remember that if controls are considered, the changes that the user makes
to the data in the spread sheet format CANNOT be saved. Consequently, if
21
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changes or additions are found to be necessary, the user should (1) exit the
VIEW session, (2) reenter choosing not to consider controls, (3) make and save
the changes to the file, and (4) reenter again using the corrected file and
whatever control options are desired.
5.3.1.2 Emission Estimates—
Emission estimates are based on Equation (3-1) of the reference docu-
ment. Worst-case emissions are based on a 24-h averaging period and a dry
(i.e., p = 0 in Equation [3-1]) working day; annual emissions are based on a
365-day averaging period, taking into account the number of working days and
days with rain as supplied by the user. Control efficiency values for chemi-
cal suppressants are based on Figure 3-4 of the reference document and infor-
mation requested from the user, and the same value is applied to both worst-
case and annual conditions. Control efficiency values for watering are based
on Equation (3-2) of the reference document, together with information
requested of the user. Different values of "P"--the hourly daytime
evaporation rate—in the equation are used to calculate separate worst-case
and annual controlled emission rates. Note that the efficiency value given in
the efficiency spread sheet is the annual value.
5.3.2 Paved Roads
5.3.2.1 Control Options—
The user is asked to either consider uncontrolled emissions or to choose
from three possible controls:
Flushing
Vacuum sweeping
Flushing with broom sweeping
For any of these control options, the user is asked to supply the number of
times per week that the control is used.
Once the control data have been entered, all the data are presented in a
spread sheet format with worst-case and annual emission rates calculated for
both controlled and uncontrolled sources.
Costs associated with the paved road controls are expressed with base
units of miles or kilometers to be treated per week. The user copies of the
spread sheets contain this information, together with an annualized estimated
cost for the control device and the distance a device can treat per unit time.
Please note that, as in the case for unpaved roads, changes made to the
data in the spread sheet format CANNOT be saved if controls are considered.
5.3.2.2 Emission Estimates—
Emission estimates are based on the scheme presented as Table 2-7 of the
reference document. Worst-case emissions are based on a 24-h averaging period
and a "working day" as defined in the program; annual emissions are based on a
365-day averaging period, taking into account the number of working days sup-
plied by the user. Control efficiency values for vacuum sweeping are based on
information presented in Section 2.3.2.2 of the reference document and assume
22
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a constant instantaneous control of 34$ over the first two days and zero con-
trol thereafter. Control efficiency values for water flushing with and with-
out broom sweeping are based on Table 2-4 of the reference document together
with information supplied by the user. The number of vehicle passes following
application (which is needed in the referenced table) is obtained by multiply-
ing the number of daily vehicle passes by seven and then dividing by the
number of times per week that the control is applied. For all controls, the
instantaneous control efficiency is converted to an average control efficiency
using the procedures described in Appendix A of the reference document. The
resulting expressions are given as Table 5-1. The same average control value
is then applied to both worst-case and annual conditions.
TABLE 5-1. ESTIMATION METHODS FOR AVERAGE
FOR PAVED ROAD CONTROLS*
EFFICIENCY VALUES
Average efficiency, C
Control
Vacuum sweeping
Waster flushing
C =
C =
(*)D
34, D < 2
68 /D, D > 2
68-0.116 V, V < 299
10, 300 /V, V > 299
Comments
340 mVmin (12,000 cfm)
blower tested
Water applied at
2.2 L/m2 (0.48 gal/yd?)
Water flushing
followed by
broom sweeping
96-0.132 V, V < 365
17,500/V, V > 365
Water applied at
2.2 L/m* (0.48 gal/ydz)
a
Based on PM-15 field emission measurements as given in the reference
document. PM-10 efficiency may be assumed equal to that for PM-15.
In the expressions, D and V represent the number of days or vehicle
passes, respectively, since application.
5.3.3 Materials Handling
5.3.3.1 Control Options—
The user is first asked to either consider uncontrolled emissions or to
choose one of two possible controls:
Wind speed reduction
Moisture addition
If the user chooses wind speed reduction, the only data value requested
is the percent reduction assumed.
23
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If the user chooses moisture addition, the average moisture added is
requested.
Once the control data have been entered, all the data are presented in a
spread sheet format with worst-case and annual emission rates calculated for
both controlled and uncontrolled sources.
When applicable, the user copy of the spreadsheet contains information on
the estimated cost for moisture addition. The cost for windbreaks is very
site-specific and user copies contain that warning.
Please note that if controls are considered, the changes made to the data
in the spread sheet format CANNOT be saved.
5.3.3.2 Emission Estimates—
Emission estimates are based on Equation (4-1) of the reference docu-
ment. Worst-case emissions are based on a 24-h averaging period and a working
day; annual emissions are based on a 365-day averaging period, taking into
account the number of working days as supplied by the user. Control effi-
ciency values for wind speed reductions are based on direct application of
Equation (4-1) of the reference manual using the reduced wind speed. Control
efficiency values for moisture addition are also based on Equation (4-1), but
additional computations are required to convert the water added to a new
moisture. For example, in English units, the moisture content entered by the
user is multiplied by 2,000 Ib to determine the "old" water mass per ton. To
this is added the "new" water mass which equals 8.34 Ib for every gallon of
water added to 1 ton of material. The new moisture content is then estimated
using the total water mass (per ton) and an assumed dry material weight of
1 ton.
5.3.4 Agricultural Tilling
The VIEW option for this source category is essentially identical to the
previous three categories with one exception. Only uncontrolled emissions are
considered because all available control techniques listed in EPA-450/3-88-008
are single-valued and crop-specific (cf. Table 7-5 of the reference docu-
ment). A HELP file is available to remind the user of this table.
Emission estimates are based on the equation given in Section 7.1.1 of
the reference document. Worst-case emissions are based on a day that tilling
actually takes place and a 24-h averaging period; annual emissions are based
on a 365-day averaging period, taking into account the number of days that
tilling occurs (as supplied by the user).
5.3.5 Construction/Demolition
As in the case of data entry, the VIEW option for construction/demolition
activities is somewhat different from the four preceding source categories:
1. Only uncontrolled emissions are considered. Because most of the
emission sources for this category are identical to other categories
(e.g., materials handling, paved and unpaved traffic), the estimates
24
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given represent a "first-cut" based on the information available to
the user.
2. Improved emission estimates and control plans may be developed by
breaking the construction process down into the "unit operations" of
materials handling, etc., and using the other portions of the com-
puter package.
3. Although the same spread sheet format is used to display the input
data and calculated emission rates, automatic updating is not
performed. Whenever changes are made, a reminder to update the
calculations appears at the top of the screen.
Calculated emission rates for individual sources within each construction
phase are presented in spread sheet cells A42 through A56. In addition, an
average emission rate, weighted by the number of weeks in each phase (i.e.,
demolition, site preparation, construction) considered by the user, is
presented.
Emission estimates for construction and demolition are based on a variety
of models presented in the reference document. Emissions from building demo-
lition, loading of the debris, mud/dirt carryout, and scaper and dozer opera-
tions are based on Sections 5.1.2.1, 5.1.2.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.1, and 5.1.2.5,
respectively, of that document. Note also that:
• The dozer expression (Equation [5-3]) used in this computer package
incorporates the new PM-10 to PM-15 ratio presented in Supplement B
of AP-42.
On the basis of conversations with the author of Section 5 of the
reference document, the "earthmoving" emission value for scrapers is
considered more representative of average conditions than is the
"topsoil removal" value.
The emission estimates for truck travel during both demolition and site
preparation phases are based on application of the unpaved road emission fac-
tor model (Equation [3-1] of the reference document) together with information
requested of the user (e.g., surface silt content, distance from site to
access point, number of wheels, etc.). In addition, it is assumed in the
package that (1) half of the truck trips are loaded and the other half
unloaded, and (2) the tare weight of a truck is equal to its net weight. This
approach was employed rather than the single-valued emission factors given in
Sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.4 to provide the user with site-specific estimates.
The emission estimate for actual construction is based on the emission
factor of 4.0 kg/ha/work h. This value is a reexamined version of the factor
presented in Section 11.2.4 of AP-42, with the revisions (a) reflecting the
PM-10 mass fraction, and (b) basing emission estimates on working hours rather
than months.
25
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SECTION 6.0
THE "WIND EROSION" PROGRAMS
This section describes the use of the programs contained on the "Wind
Erosion" diskette. These programs are based on information presented in
Sections 4 and 6 of the reference document.
6.1 MAIN MENU
Once the programs have been installed (following the installation proce-
dures described in Section 3.0), enter MENU. After MENU has been typed, the
screen will clear, and a menu or "list" of options will appear. This list is
referred to as the MAIN MENU.
To choose any one of the options listed, simply type the capitalized part
of the option word (in this case, the first letter). The screen will clear
once again, and new instructions and/or information will appear. The avail-
able options include the following:
MENU—choosing this option now or later will return the user to this
screen.
WIND—choosing this option allows the user to enter fastest mile of wind
data which will then be used to calculate emission rates under the VIEW
option. This option is discussed in more detail on the following pages.
ENTRY—choosing this option allows the user to enter data for any wind
erosion source category. This option is also discussed in greater detail
on the following pages.
VIEW—choosing this option allows the user to review and, if desired,
modify data files already created under the ENTRY option. In addition,
this option allows the user to calculate emission rates and, where
appropriate, study the effects of various control strategies on the
emission rates. This option is also discussed in greater detail on the
following pages.
REPORT—choosing this option allows the user to get hard copies of the
data and the emission rates resulting from them.
The WIND, ENTRY, and VIEW options will now be discussed in more detail.
26
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6.2 THE WIND OPTION FROM THE MAIN MENU
The purpose of this option is to provide the site-specific fastest mile
of wind data files needed to estimate erosion emissions. For more information
on the term "fastest mile of wind," available sources of information, and why
this type of information is necessary, please consult the reference document
(EPA-450/3-88-008). A HELP file is also available during execution of the
program.
When this option is chosen, the screen will clear and introductory infor-
mation about the data requirements is shown. If new data are to be entered,
the name of the weather station, record year, and the anemometer height (in
meters) are requested. Once these data are entered, the user will move
directly into a spread sheet where the fastest mile of wind data is to be
entered. Existing fastest-mile files may also be reviewed and edited.
Daily fastest mile values taken from local climatological data summaries
(LCDs—data can be obtained from the National Climatic Center in Asheville,
North Carolina) are entered under the columns Sun through Sat. (The numbers
corresponding to Month and Week are provided to allow the user to quickly
locate an entry for verification.) Once the data have been entered and any
changes made, the user hits the slash ("/") key to signal the end. The
program will show, at the bottom of the screen, the filename under which the
data are being stored. This filename should be noted for future reference and
used under the VIEW option discussed below. (NOTE: An example fastest mile
of wind data file—based on the example used in Sections 4 and 6 of the
reference document—is provided on the Wind Erosion diskette as LCDXMPL.MET.)
6.3 THE ENTRY OPTION FROM THE MAIN MENU
When the user chooses this option from the MAIN MENU, the screen will
clear and introductory information about the data requirements will be
shown. Once this screen has been read, the following data items will be
requested:
Description of inventory area
Emissions inventory year
Wind data year
English or metric units
The first data item requested, description of inventory area, should be a
description of the source inventory boundaries. Once these data values have
been entered, the screen will clear and the following source description data
items will be requested:
Source ID
Source life
Pile or flat area
Source life asks for the start date and end date for which emissions are
to be calculated. In this way, monthly, seasonal, or annual emissions may be
obtained. Dates are referenced by "day of the year" (e.g., January 1 is
27
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day 1, February 1 is day 32, etc.)- No special provision is made for leap
years.
If a flat area is indicated as the source, then the surface area is
requested. If, however, a pile is entered, then the user must indicate
whether the pile is conical or oval, as well as enter the pile height and
diameter. For more information on this material, see Control of Open Fugitive
Dust Sources, EPA-450/3-88-008.
Once these data values have been entered, the screen will clear and the
following data items will be requested:
Erodible surface material
Moisture content
Silt content
Threshold friction velocity
Roughness height upwind of source
Erodible surface material refers to the description of the aggregate that
is being eroded.
If the user wishes to employ an alternative method of determining thresh-
old friction velocity, then "9999" should be entered for the friction velocity
(the screen contains a footnote reminding the user of this convention). Then
the user will be asked to supply the aggregate size distribution mode and
silhouette ratio (individual HELP files are provided for these terms).
Each regular surface disturbance must be related to a disturbance fre-
quency and affected pile subarea. After the previous data have been entered,
the program will request data on pile disturbances for the highest Us/Ur wind
speed regime. For a conical pile, the highest Us/Ur is 0.9; for an oval flat-
topped pile, the highest Us/Ur value is 1.1. Flat areas have a uniform expo-
sure.
Days between disturbances
Type of disturbance
Percent of area disturbed
Days between disturbances refers to the number of days between routine,
consecutive disturbances of the pile surface.
Type of disturbance is a text field used for describing the disturbance,
such as "loadout" or "pile maintenance."
Percent of area disturbed refers only to the area of the specific Us/Ur
regime displayed on the screen. The areas corresponding to different Us/Ur
regimes are shown on Figure 1 for conical and oval piles. (NOTE: For flat
areas, there is only one exposure regime and Us/Ur = 1.) Thus, if 20% of the
subarea corresponding to 0.9 [which is 12% of the total area in Figure 1] is
disturbed every day, the computer program will calculate that
0.2 (0.12) = 0.024 = 2.4%
28
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Pile A
(a)
Pile Bl
(b)
Pile B2
(c)
Pile B3
(d)
DEFAULT PILE
(e)
Figure 1. Us/Ur regimes for conical- and oval-shaped piles.
29
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of the TOTAL pile area is disturbed every day and subject to a 0.9 value of
Us/Ur.
When all of the data have been entered, a "999" should be entered in the
"days between disturbance" field to signal the end of the data. Once all the
Us/Ur regimes have been considered, the data entry process is completed and
the user is given the option to enter more data or return to the MAIN MENU.
6.4 THE VIEW OPTION FROM THE MAIN MENU
This option allows the user to review, modify if necessary, and process
any data which have been entered using the ENTRY option previously dis-
cussed. When this option is chosen, the user will first be asked to indicate
which wind erosion category is to be VIEWed. The choices offered are:
Flat areas
Conical piles
Oval-topped piles
When the category is picked, only those files corresponding to the chosen
category will be listed. The user is then asked to enter the complete name of
the data file to be used. Once the data file has been selected, a list of
fastest mile of wind data files will be given. The user should select an
appropriate wind file from this list. Once both the source data file and the
wind data file have been selected, the program presents the data and the cal-
culated emission rates in a spread sheet format. At this point, the user can
view the data and make changes in the data by simply following the on-screen
instructions. Obviously, most changes would be expected to affect the emis-
sion rates (this is a major reason why a user would make changes in the
data). However, the program does not automatically update the emission
results (the user must press F9 to update). Since updates generally take a
considerable amount of time to accomplish, it is suggested that the user not
update unless several data values have been changed.
Controls based on wind speed reduction (e.g., wind fences, sheltering)
may be considered by entering a value in cell A61 (see instructions given
above this cell). Controls that affect the threshold velocity (U*t) may be
considered by varying the entry in cell A12.
Once all of the changes have been entered and the user has exited the
spread sheet, a summary of the final input data and the calculated emissions
is offered. The user can view these files by using the page-up and page-down
keys. When these files have been viewed, the program will ask (a) if the user
wants a hard copy of the data and (b) if the user wants to save the changes
which have been made. Please note that if the changes are saved, the old file
will be overwritten. At this point, the user can VIEW more data or return to
the MAIN MENU.
30
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NOTE: The erosion emissions calculated using this program may be
considered as conservatively high for the following reasons:
1. A disturbance on a given day is assumed to be subject to wind events
anytime on that day, and on at least one day after the disturbance,
up to (but not including) the day of the next disturbance. For
example, in the case of daily disturbances, both the fastest mile
values for a given day and the day following are considered, and the
higher value is assumed to apply to the disturbance on the given
day. This assumption is made because of the difficulty of tracking
the time of occurrence of each disturbance in relation to the times
of occurrence of the adjacent fastest mile events. This approach is
slightly different from the one presented in the reference document,
in which each day is considered separately. In general, the
approach taken in the computer program produces relatively minor
differences for surfaces that are infrequently disturbed (i.e.,
weekly or less often). While there is a potential for overestimat-
ing wind erosion from frequently disturbed surface (e.g., dirt
parking lots), it is important to remember that the disturbances
themselves (e.g., vehicles traveling within the lot) typically
generate far more particulate emissions than does wind erosion.
2. For oval piles, an additional conservative assumption may be made to
account for the asymmetry of the source. Figure l(e) in this manual
is based upon Figure 4-3 of the reference document, with the excep-
tion that high wind regimes have been enlarged to account for the
possibility that the fastest mile might occur from any wind
direction.
3. Lower bounds for the correction factor given in Figure 6-3 of the
reference document are used to account for nonerodible elements.
31
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completingi
REPORT NO.
EPA 450/3-90-010
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
User's Manual for the PM1Q Open Fugitive Dust Source
Computer Model Package
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
April IQQn
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
'. AUTHOR(S)
Midwest Research Institute
425 Volker Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64110
s. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
ABSTRACT
The computer programs in this package are based on the material presented in
the document, "Control of Open Fugitive Dust Sources, EPA-450/3-88-008." The
programs on these diskettes serve two purposes. Their primary purpose is to
facilitate the process of data entry, allowing the user not only to enter and
verify the data which he/she possesses, but also to access additional data which
might not be readily available. The second purpose is to calculate emission rates
for the particular source category selected using the data previously entered and
verified.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Agriculture
Computer Program
Construction
Control Techniques
Demolition
Emission Estimates
Fugitive Dust
Open Areas
PM10
StArage Piles
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
'Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CL;AS.S (T
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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4R
*
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, It 60604-3590
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