EPA-450/3-91-016 V.5
NATIONAL MIR TOXICS
INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE
SERA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials
Bibliography of
Selected Reports and
Federal Register Notices
Related to Air Toxics
Volume 5: Citations -1991
July 1991
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DCN No. 91-203-099-37-06
EPA Contract No. 68-D8-0065
Work Assignment No. 3-7
EPA-450/3-91-016
NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE:
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTED REPORTS AND
FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICES RELATED TO AIR TOXICS
VOLUME 5: CITATIONS - 1991
FINAL REPORT
Prepared for:
Nancy Riley, Work Assignment Manager
Emission Standards Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by:
Carol A. Owen
Linda Y. Cooper
Lisa C. Huff
V. Janet McDonald
Joan S. McLean
Radian Corporation
3200 East Chapel Hill Road/Progress Center
Post Office Box 13000
Research
Begion 5, Liorcr"
230 S. Dearbcr.-i :..
July 1991
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication
as received from Radian Corporation. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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PREFACE
In response to State and local agency requests for air toxics
information and to support these agencies in their air pollution control
efforts, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed an
information dissemination center, known as the National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse (NATICH). The design and implementation of the Clearinghouse
has been conducted in close coordination with the State and Territorial Air
Pollution Program Administrators (STAPPA) and the Association of Local Air
Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO).
The purpose of this bibliography is to provide State and local agencies
with citations of reports and Federal Register notices useful in developing
and operating air toxics control programs. The reports selected for this
bibliography were published by the following agencies: U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), National Academy of Sciences (NAS), National Cancer
Institute (NCI), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
including the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR), Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC), and
World Health Organization (WHO) including the International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC). Relevant reports published by various State and
local agencies are also included in this edition. This edition of the
bibliography updates the cumulative bibliography previously published by the
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse, Bibliography of Selected
Reports and Federal Register Notices Related to Air Toxics, five volumes:
Volume 1: Citations (July 1987); Volume 2: Citations - 1988 (July 1988);
Volume 3: Citations - 1989 (July 1989); Volume 4: Citations - 1990
(July 1990); and Index - 1990 (July 1990). The citations selected this year
were compiled from sources available through January 31, 1991.
The Clearinghouse plans to continue to update this bibliography on a
regular basis. Other publications of the Clearinghouse include:
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Rationale for Air
Toxics Control in Seven State and Local Agencies,
EPA-450/5-86-005, PB86-181179/AS, August 1985;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: How The
Clearinghouse Can Help to Answer Your Air Toxics Questions,
EPA-450/5-86-009, PB88-157813/XAB, July 1986;
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National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Methods for
Pollutant Selection and Prioritization, EPA-450/5-86-010,
PB87-124079/XAB, July 1986;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Qualitative and
Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment, EPA-450/5-87-003,
PB88-113188/XAB, June 1987;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Bibliography of
Selected Reports and Federal Register Notices Related to Air
Toxics Volume 1: Citations - 1987, EPA-450/5-87-005,
PB88-136601/REB, July 1987, Volume 2: Citations - 1988,
EPA-450/5-88-005, PB89-103436/REB, July 1988; Volume 3:
Citations - 1989, EPA-450/3-89-25, PB90-270570/REB; Volume 4:
Citations - 1990, EPA-450/3-90-014, PB91-168435/XAB, July 1990;
Volume 5: Citations - 1991, EPA-450/3-91-016, NTIS number not yet
available; and Index - 1991, EPA-450/3-91-017, NTIS number not yet
available, July 1991;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: NATICH Data Base
Users Guide for Data Entry and Editing, EPA-450/5-88-001,
PB88-202734/XAB, February 1988;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: NATICH Data Base
Users Guide for Data Viewing, EPA-450/5-88-002, PB88-197470/XAB,
February 1988;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Case Studies in
Risk Communication, EPA-450/5-88-003, PB89-104277/XAB, May 1988;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: NATICH Data Base
Report on State, Local, and EPA Air Toxics Activities,
EPA-450/3-91-018, NTIS number not yet available, September 1991;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse Newsletter, a
bimonthly periodical, 39 issues to date, December 1983 - May 1991;
and
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Ongoing Research
and Regulatory Development Projects, EPA-450/3-91-015, NTIS number
not yet available, July 1991.
IV
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ABSTRACT
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse has been established
by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards for the purpose of facilitating information transfer
among Federal, State, and local air quality management agencies. This
document has been published as part of that effort. The purpose is to provide
State and local agencies and other Clearinghouse users with bibliographic
citations of reports and Federal Register notices useful in developing and
operating air toxics control programs. The reports selected for this
bibliography were published by the following agencies: U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, National Academy of Sciences, National Cancer Institute,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences including the National
Toxicology Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Consumer Products Safety
Commission, and World Health Organization including the International Agency
for Research on Cancer. Also included are reports published by various State
and local agencies that they submit directly to the data base.
The bibliography is published in five volumes plus an index. Volume 1
(EPA-450/5-87-005, PB88-136601/REB) contains cumulative citations from before
1974 through March 1987, and Volume 2 (EPA-450/5-88-005, PB89-103436/REB), the
citations from April 1987 through March 1988. Volume 3 (EPA-450/3-89-25,
PB90-270570/REB) has citations from April 1988 through January 1989, and
Volume 4 (EPA-450/3-90-014, PB91-168435/XAB) has citations from January 1989
to January 1990. Volume 5 has the more recent citations from January 1990 to
January 1991. This volume consists of two sections. Section 1 includes
introductory material describing the bibliography scope and organization and
contains information necessary for the proper use of the document. This part
updates the corresponding part in Volumes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Volume 5, Section 2
contains the report and Federal Register notice entries with bibliographic
information and, in most cases, an abstract. The current index to the
bibliography (Index - 1991, EPA-450/3-91-017) covers all the reports from 1974
to the present. Each listing indicates which of the five volumes contains the
citation. The index is organized by document type; by pollutant class, name,
or Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number; by Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) Code; and by sponsoring agency.
This document was submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Contract No.
68-D8-0065, Work Assignment No. 3-7, by Radian Corporation under the
sponsorship of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. This edition of the
bibliography updates previous bibliographies published by the National Air
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Toxics Information Clearinghouse. The Clearinghouse will continue to publish
regular updates in separate volumes, consecutively numbered. Each year, a new
cumulative index will be published that expands and replaces the previous
year's edition. The 1991 index allows users to identify publications of
interest in Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. With distribution of the 1991 Index,
EPA encourages users to recycle the 1990 Index.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Volume 1: Citations - 1974 to 1987
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Document Scope 1
1.2 Organization of Document 4
1.3 Ordering Information 12
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries 25
Volume 2: Citations - 1988
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Document Scope 1
1.2 Organization of Document 5
1.3 Ordering Information 13
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries 25
Volume 3: Citations - 1989
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Document Scope 1
1.2 Organization of Document 5
1.3 Ordering Information 14
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries 27
Appendix A - Index to the Clearinghouse Newsletters A-l
Volume 4: Citations - 1990
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Document Scope 1-1
1.2 Organization of Document 1-4
1.3 Ordering Information 1-12
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries 2-1
Appendix A - Index to the Clearinghouse Newsletters A-l
Vll
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section paqe
Volume 5: Citations - 1991
1.0 Introduction j.j
1.1 Document Scope 1-1
1.2 Organization of Document 1-4
1.3 Ordering Information 1-12
2.0 Report and Federal Register Notice Entries ... 2-1
Appendix A - Index to the Clearinghouse Newsletters A-l
Index
1.0 Guides to the Index 1-1
1.1 User's Guide to the Index 1-3
1.2 Guide to Terminology for Identification Codes 1-4
2.0 Index to Report and Federal Register Notice Entries 2-1
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table Page
1 List of EPA Offices Contacted 1-3
2 Clearinghouse Chemical Identifiers 1-8
3 List of Acronyms 1-10
4 Key to Document Types 1-11
5 1991 NTIS Price Schedule 1-14
Figure
1 Sample Entries 1-6
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This bibliography has been developed by the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse, operated by the Pollutant Assessment Branch of the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS). A total of 157 bibliographic citations to reports and
Federal Register notices related to toxic air pollutants are included. To
facilitate the use of this bibliography, citations are indexed by document
type, chemical name or class and Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number,
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code, and sponsoring agency.
Like other Clearinghouse publications, the bibliography is designed to
help Clearinghouse users identify sources of information for specific air
toxics questions or problems. This edition of the bibliography announces 150
new reports and Federal Register notices.
The information contained in this bibliography is also available through
the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse on-line data base - NATICH.
For more information about accessing NATICH, contact the Clearinghouse staff
at (919) 541-0850, (FTS) 629-0850.
1.1 DOCUMENT SCOPE
This bibliography contains a selected list of reports and Federal
Register notices that have been identified as being useful to State and local
agencies developing and operating air toxics control programs. The reports
were published by the following agencies: EPA, National Academy of Sciences
(NAS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS) including National Toxicology Program (NTP), National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Agency for Toxic
Substance and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Consumer Products Safety Commission
(CPSC), and the World Health Organization (WHO) including the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Reports published by State and local
agencies are also included.
The citations include documents of the following types:
Accident prevention/emergency response
Ambient monitoring
Case studies (used only by State and local agencies)
Chemical Hazard Information Profile (CHIP, used only by EPA)
Clean Air Act Title III guidance/documents
Control program support (used only by State and local agencies)
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Control technology
Dispersion modeling
Emission factor documents
Epidemiological studies
Exposure assessments
Federal Register notices
Health assessments
Indoor air
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP,
used only by EPA)
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS, used only by EPA)
Pollution prevention
Pre-regulatory assessments
Regulatory development guidance
Risk assessments
Rules and regulations (used only by State and local agencies)
Source assessments
Source sampling
Toxicity testing
This year's literature search included citations for Clean Air Act
Title III guidance/documents, but no were identified. Citations were selected
within each document type according to their relevance to air toxics work.
The background information documents for new source performance standards
(NSPS) were included in this bibliography because, although their focus is on
control of criteria air pollutants, they also contain valuable information on
the sources and control of noncriteria, potentially toxic air pollutants. The
Federal Register notices include the Agency's announcements regarding Sections
111 and 112 of the Clean Air Act dealing with the NSPS and the national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) programs,
respectively. The notices also include proposed guidelines concerning health,
exposure, and risk assessments issued by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment (OHEA).
Citations for each of these topic areas were compiled by searching
published lists of EPA reports, such as the EPA Publications Bibliography and
the ORD Publications Announcement. These citations were supplemented by
contacting the EPA office currently conducting that particular type of work.
The EPA offices contacted are listed in Table 1.
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TABLE 1. LIST OF EPA OFFICES CONTACTED
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR)
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)
Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs (OAIAP)
Office of Mobile Sources (QMS)
Office of Radiation Programs (ORP)
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPTS)
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE)
Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP)
Office of Research and Development (ORD)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA)
Office of Health Research (OHR)
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration (OEETD)
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance (OMMSQA)
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER)
Office of Solid Waste (OSW)
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR)
Office of Water (OW)
Office of Science and Technology (OST)
Not all divisions or laboratories are contacted.
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Abstracts for the EPA reports were obtained from the EPA Publications
Bibliography, the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) data base, or
the technical data sheet included in the report. Abstracts for the Federal
Register notices were prepared from the Summary and Supplementary Information
sections of each notice.
Citations to reports from the eight other sponsoring agencies (NAS,
NIEHS, NTP, NIOSH, ATSDR, CPSC, and WHO) included in this bibliography focus
on health, risk, exposure assessments, toxicity testing, and epidemiology
studies. Most documents discuss one or more potentially toxic chemicals, and
a few emphasize exposure to toxic substances in a particular industry.
Although ambient air exposure was the primary area of interest, reports on
occupational exposure and exposure via drinking water were also included.
The research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
(NIEHS) is included in a single citation by reference to the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Bibliography 1966-1989 (most
current edition as of Mav 1991). The research results are generally published
in technical journal articles, conference papers, and books. These types of
publications were outside the scope of the bibliography.
Citations to reports from each of the eight agencies on the topics of
risk and exposure assessments and health effects were compiled from agency
catalogs. Abstracts were obtained from each of these sources when available.
In addition to reports by EPA and the eight other agencies, this
bibliography includes citations to relevant reports published by State and
local agencies. These citations are submitted by the agencies directly to the
Clearinghouse and are available from these agencies.
This document also contains an index to the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse Newsletter. The Newsletter is currently published
bimonthly by the Clearinghouse to inform readers of current issues relating to
toxic air pollutants. Articles discuss activities at the Federal, State, and
local levels.
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF DOCUMENT
This document has been published in five volumes and an index. Volume 1
(EPA-450/5-87-005, PB88-136601/REB) contains cumulative citations from before
1974 through March 1987, Volume 2 (EPA-450/5-88-005, PB89-103436/REB) the
citations from April 1987 through March 1988. Volume 3 (EPA-450/3-89-25,
PB90-270570/REB) has citations from April 1988 through January 1989 and
Volume 4 (EPA-450/3-90-014, PB91-168435/XAB) has citations from January 1989
to January 1990. Volume 5 has the more recent citations from January 1990 to
January 1991. This volume consists of two sections. Section 1 is the
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introductory material discussing scope and organization. It also contains
explanatory information necessary for the proper use of the bibliography, such
as keys to agency and office abbreviations and two sample bibliographic
entries, as well as ordering information for reports by EPA and the other
agencies. Section 2 of Volume 5 contains the report and Federal Register
notice entries with bibliographic information and, in most cases, an abstract.
The report entries are arranged by document order number. Figure 1 explains
each line of two sample entries. Each entry has been assigned certain key
words or descriptors pertaining to document type, pollutant, source whenever
an SIC Code applies, and sponsoring agency. These descriptors are used to
generate the index and to give users several ways to access reports of
interest. The Newsletter index also appears in Volume 5 as an appendix.
The current index (Index - 1991, EPA-450/3-91-017) enables users to
identify reports of interest in Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 (the volume number in
parentheses will appear immediately preceding the publication number).
Index categories include document type, pollutant class or name and CAS
number, SIC Code and the corresponding title, and sponsoring agency. Groups
of chemicals or pollutants such as "organic compounds" that could not be
identified more precisely by individual chemical names were assigned unique
Clearinghouse identifiers in the place of CAS numbers. A list of these
identifiers is found in Table 2. A key to the international and
national sponsoring agency acronyms appears in Table 3. Table 4 lists the
document types and their abbreviations. A table of contents to the index is
found at the beginning of the index. This table of contents consists of an
alphabetic and numeric list of all descriptors, along with their corresponding
page numbers in the index. These descriptors, or index terms, represent
subject headings that describe the content of a document.
A second series of key words allows users to identify specific State
agency reports. Each agency has a unique four-place alphanumeric code by
which it is indexed, for example, the South Coast Air Quality Management
District in California is CA03. Because Federal agency key words are already
in use, a generic keyword EPA has been assigned. Although this term appears
in the keyword list following the relevant citation, it is not used for
indexing.
This bibliography is updated regularly by the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse. In the next update, the Clearinghouse will publish
abstracts only for the newly identified reports and Federal Register notices,
but will publish a cumulative index to all citations (Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5) for use after July 1991.
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FIGURE 1. SAMPLE ENTRIES
Report entries are arranged alphanumerically by document order number.
A sample entry follows:
PB84-156157
Demonstration of Remedial Techniques Against Radon in Houses on Florida
Phosphate Lands
EPA, Montgomery, AL, ORP/EERF
July 1983, 195p, EPA-520/5-83-009, PC A09/MF A01
Abstract: This report is to document the results of an activity which forms
part of a program intended to demonstrate means of controlling indoor radon
levels in structures built on Florida phosphate lands. The natural radon
content of the soil is elevated in some parts of the Florida phosphate lands,
resulting in elevated radon concentrations in the soil gas. If building
construction is such as to provide pathways, or routes or entry, between the
interior of the building and the soil below, then this radon-bearing soil gas
may enter the building and result in elevated indoor levels. This report
therefore documents a review of current building practices, with the intention
of identifying routes of entry. Based upon this knowledge, certain
modifications to building practices may be seen as a means of reducing indoor
radon levels.
CL-PHOSPHA PHOSPHATES
CT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DOCUMENT
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
14 NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
147 CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERALS
1475 PHOSPHATE ROCK
52 BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES
7440-61-1 URANIUM
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FIGURE 1. SAMPLE ENTRIES (Continued)
A sample Federal Register notice entry follows:
45 FR 83952 12-19-80
Benzene Emissions from Benzene Storage Vessels; National Emission Standard for
Hazardous Air Pollutants; Hearing
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Abstract: Proposed rule and notice of public hearing. The proposed standard
would limit benzene emissions from each new and existing storage vessel with a
capacity greater than 4 cubic meters used to store pure benzene. The notice
describes proposed requirements for fixed/floating roofs, primary and
secondary seals, and inspection procedures.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NAT'L EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
34 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
344 FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS
3443 FABRICATED PLATE WORK (BOILER SHOPS)
71-43-2 BENZENE
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TABLE 2. CLEARINGHOUSE CHEMICAL IDENTIFIERS
Clearinghouse
Pollutant
CL-ABRAS
CL-ACID
CL-ADIP
CL-ALDEHYD
CL-ALKYLPB
CL-ALLERG
CL-ALMERC
CL-ALUM
CL-AMINE
CL-AROMHC
CL-BACT
CL-BROM
CL-BTX
CL-CADMIUM
CL-CARBON
CL-CARCIN
CL-CFC
CL-CHC
CL-CHLOR
CL-CHROME
CL-COE
CL-CONSUMR
CL-COPPER
CL-COTDUST
CL-CREOSOL
CL-CUTFLU
CL-DGAEA
CL-DIESEL
CL-DIISOCY
CL-DIOXIN
CL-DYE
CL-ETHERS
CL-ETS
CL-EXPLO
CL-FUELOIL
CL-FUNG
CL-FURAN
CL-GLASS
CL-HALOGHC
CL-HALOME
CL-HAPS
CL-HAZWAST
CL-HCARB
CL-HERB
CL-HEXANE
CL-IAP
CL-INMERC
CL-INORGAN
CL-INOTIN
CL-INSMOLY
CL-INSRHOD
CL-INSTUNG
CL-IRON
CL-MANG
Abrasives
Acidic compounds
Adipates
Aldehydes
Alkyl lead compounds
Allergens
Alkyl mercury compounds
Aluminum compounds
Amines
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Bacteria
Bromine compounds
Benzene, toluene, xylene
Cadmium compounds
Total carbon
Carcinogens
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Chlorine compounds
Chromium compounds
Coke oven emissions
Consumer products
Copper compounds
Cotton dust
Creosols
Cutting fluids
Diethylene glycol alkyl ethers and acetates
Diesel fuel emissions
Diisocyanates
Dioxins
Dyes
Ethers
Environmental tobacco smoke
Explosives
Waste derived fuel oil emissions
Fungicides
Furans
Fibrous glass dust
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Halomethanes
Title III hazardous air pollutants
Hazardous wastes
Hydrocarbons
Herbicides
Hexane isomers
Indoor air pollutants
Aryl and inorganic mercury compounds
Inorganic compounds
Inorganic tin and oxide compounds
Insoluble molybdenum compounds
Insoluble rhodium compounds
Insoluble tungsten compounds
Iron compounds
Manganese compounds
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TABLE 2. CLEARINGHOUSE CHEMICAL IDENTIFIERS (Continued)
Clearinghouse #
Pollutant
CL-MAPP
CL-METAL
CL-METOXBZ
CL-MINDUST
CL-MINFIB
CL-MOM
CL-MS
CL-NICKEL
CL-NITRATE
CL-NITRITE
CL-NITROSO
CL-NMHC
CL-ODOR
CL-OH
CL-ORGANIC
CL-PAH
CL-PATHOGN
CL-PCO
CL-PEST
CL-PHARM
CL-PHENOL
CL-PHOSPHA
CL-PHTH
CL-PLAS
CL-PLAT
CL-PM
CL-POM
CL-PYRO
CL-RAD
CL-RCSPP
CL-RESIN
CL-ROSIN
CL-RUBSOL
CL-SALTS
CL-SEWSLUD
CL-SILVER
CL-SOLMOLY
CL-SOLRHOD
CL-SOLTUNG
CL-SOLVENT
CL-SPORES
CL-SULFATE
CL-SULFIDE
CL-SULFITE
CL-SVOC
CL-TIN
CL-TRS
CL-VARIOUS
CL-VEG
CL-VOC
CL-WELD
CL-WOOD
Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture
Metallic compounds
Methoxybenzene compounds
Mineral dusts
Mineral fibers
Mineral oil mist
Mineral spirits
Nickel compounds
Nitrates
Nitrites
Nitroso compounds
Non-methane hydrocarbons
Odors
Hydroxides
Organic compounds
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Pathogens
Photochemical oxidants
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Phenols
Phosphates
Phthalates
Plasticizers
Platinum compounds
Particulate matter
Polycyclic organic matter
Pyro powders
Radiation
Rosin core solder pyrolysis products
Resins
Rosin vapors
Rubber solvents
Salts
Sewage sludge
Silver compounds
Soluble molybdenum compounds
Soluble rhodium compounds
Soluble tungsten compounds
Solvents
Funqal spores
Sulfates
Sulfides
Sulfites
Semivolatile organic compounds
Organic tin compounds
Total reduced sulfur
Various pollutants
Vegetable oil mist
Volatile organic compounds
Welding fumes
Wood smoke
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TABLE 3. LIST OF ACRONYMS
ATSDR
EPA
CPSC
I ARC
NAS
NCI
NIEHS
NIOSH
NTP
WHO
KEY TO AGENCY ACRONYMS
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Consumer Products Safety Commission
International Agency for Research on Cancer
National Academy of Sciences
National Cancer Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
National Institute for Occupation,! 1 Safety and Health
National Toxicology Program
World Health Organization
KEY TO DIVISION AND LABORATORY ACRONYMS
AEERL Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
AQMD Air Quality Management Division
AREAL Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
ASMD Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division
ASRL Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
CAD Characterization and Assessment Division
CSD Criteria and Standards Division
EAG Exposure Assessment Group
EARD Exposure Assessment Research Division
ECAD Existing Chemical Assessment Division
ECAO Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
EERF Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
EML Emission Measurement Laboratory
EMSL Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
ERD Emergency Response Division
ESD Emission Standards Division
HECD Health and Ecological Criteria Division
HED Hazard Evaluation Division *
HERL Health Effects Research Laboratory
HHAG Human Health Assessment Group
IAD Indoor Air Division
RREL Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
SSCD Stationary Source Compliance Division
TSD Technical Support Division
WMD Waste Management Division
Reports by State and local agencies are indexed under the term
Local Agency." Report numbers begin with the two-letter State
abbreviation.
'State or
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TABLE 4. KEY TO DOCUMENT TYPES
AM Ambient Monitoring
CHIP Chemical Hazard Information Profile (EPA Only)
CS Case Study (State and Local Agencies Only)
CT Control Technology
DM Dispersion Modeling
EA Exposure Assessment
EF Emission Factor
ER Accident Prevention/Emergency Response
ES Epidemiological Study
FR Federal Register Notices
HA Health Assessment
IA Indoor Air
NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(EPA Only)
NSPS New Source Performance Standards (EPA Only)
OT Other (State and Local Agencies Only)
PD Air Toxics Program Support Document (State and Local
Agencies Only)
PP Pollution Prevention
PRA Pre-regulatory Assessment
RA Risk Assessment
RDG Regulatory Development Guidance
RR Rules and Regulations (State and Local Agencies Only)
SA Source Assessment
SS Source Sampling
TITLE3 Clean Air Act Title III Guidance/Documents
TT Toxicity Testing
1-11
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All bibliographic citations will continue to be accessible through the
NATICH on-line data base. These can be sorted by a combination of factors:
by product, and/or source category, and/or document type, and/or sponsoring
agency.
1.3 ORDERING INFORMATION
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION
Reports prepared by the CPSC and reproduced by the Government Printing
Office (GPO) may be ordered by contacting:
Office of Superintendent of Documents
U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
Prices are subject to change without notice. A GPO order form is included at
the end of this section. All remittances for GPO sales should be by check or
money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents. Orders may be placed
by telephone if charged to a Superintendent of Documents Deposit Account or to
a VISA/MasterCard/Choice account. The order desk number is (202) 783-3238.
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
The National Academy Press was created by the NAS to publish reports
issued by the Academy and by the National Academy of Engineering, the
Institute of Medicine, and National Council of Research, all operating under
the charter granted to the NAS by the Congress of the United States.
An order form for the National Academy Press may be found at the end of
this section. When ordering from the National Academy Press, use the
International Standard Book Number (ISBN), the title, and the price shown in
the citation. Some reports published by the Press do not have ISBN numbers.
These reports are reproduced and bound individually as they are requested or
"on demand." All orders for these reports must be prepaid, and no returns are
permitted.
Unless otherwise noted, orders should be mailed to:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
1-12
-------
A check, money order, or institutional purchase order must accompany all
orders. Book purchases over $10 may also be charged to VISA/MasterCard/
American Express accounts. Telephone orders will be accepted when charged to
VISA/MasterCard/American Express accounts and may be placed by calling
1-800-624-6242. Prices shown apply only in the United States, Canada, Puerto
Rico, and Mexico, and are subject to change without notice.
Many reports published by the National Academy press are also available
from the National Technical Information Services (NTIS). To order documents
from NTIS, return the order form, found at the end of this section, indicating
the publication (PB) number along with payment to:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 487-4650
NTIS prices for documents are indicated in each entry by a price code for
paper copies (PC), for microfiche (MF), and for microcomputer diskettes (D).
The Price Code Schedule for 1991 appears in Table 5.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
There are three possible sources for ordering NIOSH publications:
NIOSH, GPO, and NTIS. The NIOSH citations indicate the order number and price
for each source from which the particular document is available.
Citations labeled "AVAIL NIOSH" were available as of January 31, 1991
free of charge by contacting:
NIOSH Publication Dissemination, R-6
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998
(513) 533-8287
Please include a self-addressed mailing label. Quantities available from
NIOSH are limited or may no longer be available.
Documents may be ordered from GPO by contacting:
Office of Superintendent of Documents
U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
(202) 783-3238
1-13
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TABLE 5. 1991 NTIS PRICE SCHEDULE*
MICROFICHE, PAPER COPY, AND MICROCOMPUTER DISKETTES
Price Code
Domestic Price
MF A01
PC A02
A03
A04-A05
A06-A09
A10-A13
A14-A17
A18-A21
A22-A25
A99
D01
D02
DOS
D04
DOS
D06
DO 7
DOS
D09
D10
Dll
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
D17
D18
D19
D99
E99
$ 8.00
11.00
15.00
17.00
23.00
31.00
39.00
45.00
53.00
Note**
50.00
80.00
130.00
180.00
230.00
280.00
330.00
380.00
430.00
480.00
530.00
580.00
630.00
680.00
730.00
780.00
830.00
880.00
930.00
Note**
Note**
Contact NTIS for information on price listings for countries other than the
U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
Note: Contact NTIS for price quote.
Shipping and handling charges:
U.S., Canada, and Mexico - ADD $3 per TOTAL ORDER
Exceptions - Does NOT apply to:
ORDERS REQUESTING NTIS RUSH HANDLING (S12/ITEM FOR DOMESTIC FIRST
CLASS, OR J22/ITEM FOR OVERNIGHT COURIER SERVICE)
ORDERS FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR STANDING ORDER PRODUCTS ONLY
Each additional delivery address on an order requires a separate
shipping and handling charge.
1-14
-------
Prices are subject to change without notice. A GPO order form is included at
the end of this section. When ordering, it should be completed with GPO stock
numbers and titles. All remittances for GPO sales should be by check or money
order payable to the Superintendent of Documents. Orders may be placed by
telephone if charged to a Superintendent of Documents Deposit Account or to a
VISA/MasterCard/Choice account. The order desk number is (202)783-3238.
To order documents from NTIS, return the order form (found at the end of
this section) indicating the publication (PB) number along with payment to:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 487-4650
NTIS prices for documents are indicated in each entry by a price code for
paper copies (PC) and for microfiche (MF). The Price Code Schedule for 1991
appears in Table 5.
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
U. S. EPA and NCI documents listed here are available from the NTIS. To
order documents from NTIS, return the order form, found at the end of this
section, indicating the publication (PB) number along with payment to:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 487-4650
NTIS prices for documents are indicated in each entry by price code for paper
copies (PC) and for microfiche (MF). The Price Code Schedule for 1991 appears
in Table 5.
The Federal Register notices announced by EPA are available from the
U. S. Government Printing Office. The charge for each issue is $1.50. To
order, contact:
Office of Superintendent of Documents
U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
(202) 783-3238
A GPO order form is included at the end of this section. All remittances for
GPO sales should be by check or money order payable to the Superintendent of
Documents. Orders may be placed by telephone if charged to a Superintendent
1-15
-------
of Documents Deposit Account or to a VISA/MasterCard/Choice account. The
order desk number is (202) 783-3238.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse publications are also
available free of charge to Federal, State, and local agencies, as well as
nonprofit organizations, by contacting the Clearinghouse staff at (919) 541-
0850, (FTS) 629-0850. The private sector may purchase Clearinghouse reports
from NTIS, or from Radian Corporation at (512) 454-4797, ext. 5224. The
Clearinghouse Newsletter is available free of charge to all interested persons
by contacting the Clearinghouse staff at (919) 541-0850 or (FTS) 629-0850 to
be placed on the Clearinghouse mailing list.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER
Publications from the WHO, including IARC reports, are available from:
WHO Publications Center, USA
49 Sheridan Avenue
Albany, New York 12210
(518) 436-9686
All orders for WHO publications must be prepaid. Prices are shown in each
citation. For postage and handling, add $3.00 for the first publication
ordered and $0.50 for each additional publication. Prices are subject to
change without notice.
The IARC publications are also available from:
Customer Service Department
Oxford University Press
16-00 Pollitt Drive
Fair Lawn, New Jersey 07410
1-800-451-7556
1-16
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2.0 REPORT AND FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICE ENTRIES
2-1
-------
W
GPO 055-000-00367-0
Environmental Hazard* in Tour School:
EPA
1990, 75p, $2.25
A Resource Handbook
Abstract: This publication provides information on a number of the
environmental hazard* children may be exposed to in school buildings.
These include asbestos, indoor air pollutants, radon, lead in drinking
water, and other contaminant! in school-operated water systems. Or-
ganizations: National Education Association, National Parent Teacher
Association, Council for American Private Education, Occupational
Health Foundation, National Association of Independent Schools, and
United States Catholic Conference.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
1332-21-4 ASBESTOS
7439-92-1 LEAD PONDER
82 EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
821 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
8211 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
-.
Health Effects Assessment for . . .
EPA, Cincinnati, OR, ECAO
Various dates, Length varies, Available fro* NTIS
Abstract: The report summarizes and evaluate! information relevant to
a preliminary interim assessment of adverse health effects associated
«ith specific chemicals or compounds. The Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response (Superfund) uses these documents in preparing cost-
benefit analyses under Executive Order 12991 for decision-making under
CERCLA. All estimates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as preliminary and re-
flect limited resources allocated to the project. The intent in the
assessments is to suggest acceptable exposure levels whenever suf-
ficient data are available. The interim values presented reflect the
relative degree of hazard associated Kith exposure or risk to the
chemical(s) addressed. Whenever possible, two categories of values
have been estimated for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subchronic refer-
ence dose, is an estimate of an exposure level that would not be ex-
pected to cause adverse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that would
not be expected to cause adverse effects when exposure occurs for a
significant portion of the lifespan.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HA HEALTH ASSESSMENT
100-42-5 STYRENE
108-95-2 PHENOL
127-18-4 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
1330-20-7 XYLENE
50-29-3 DDT
56-23-5 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
57-74-9 CHLORDANE
67-64-1 ACETONE
67-66-3 CHLOROFORM
71-43-2 BENZENE
7440-43-9 CADMIUM
75-09-2 METHYLENE CHLORIDE
78-93-3 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
79-01-6 TRICHLOROETHYLENE
91-20-3 NAPHTHALENE
93-76-5 TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID, 2, 4, 5-
-------
MD01TM86-02
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IMPACT SCREENING MODEL PROCEDURES FOR TOXIC AIR
POLLUTANTS.
MD DEPARTMENT Or THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
MARYLAND AIR MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION
11/01/86, 46 pag«.
THIS TECHNICAL DOCUMENT IS INTENDED TO ASSIST SOURCES IN CALCULATING
AMBIENT LEVELS OF TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS (TAPS) TO DETERMINE COMPLIANCE
WITH MARYLAND'S DRAFT AIR TOXICS REGULATIONS. THE DOCUMENT OUTLINES,
STEP-BY-STEP, SIMPLE SCREENING MODEL PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATIMNG
AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF TAPS. THE PROCEDURES ALSO ALLOW A SOURCE TO
CALCULATE THE EMISSION RATE WHICH WOULD CREATE A CONCENTRATION EQUAL
TO THE SCREENING LEVEL OF THE SUBSTANCE DISCHARGED. THE PROCEDURES
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO MINIMIZE THE VARIABLES INVOLVED AND REQUIRE
ONLY INFORMATION DESCRIBING EMISSIONS AND SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS.
BOTH POINT SOURCES (I.E. STACK AND VENTS) AND AREA SOURCES (I.E. FUG-
ITIVE EMISSIONS, STOCKPILES) CAN BE EASILY EVALUATED USING THESE
PROCEDURES. IT MUST BE POINTED OUT THAT THESE PROCEDURES WILL ALMOST
ALWAYS OVERESTIMATE ACTUAL AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS. (PRICE: $5.)
DM DISPERSION MODELING
MD01 MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
PD AT SUPPORT DOCUMENT
STATE/LOC STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
MD019601
MARYLAND'S AIR TOXIC CONTROL PROGRAM: WORKING GROUP DELIBERATIONS.
MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
SUSAN S.G. WIERMAN, GEORGE S. ABURN, DOROTHY M. GUY, JOEL H. COOPER.
05/01/86, 170 pagca
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS THE MINUTES OF 10 MEETINGS OF A WORKING GROUP
FORMED TO ASSIST MARYLAND IN DEVELOPING DRAFT AIR TOXIC REGULATIONS.
THE GROUP, FOPMED TO ENSURE THAT ALL INTERESTS WERE CONSIDERED, REPRES
ENTED THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY, ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS, THE STATE
LEGISLATURE, EPA, AND ACADEMIA. THE WORKING GROUP PROVIDED A FORUM
FOR IDENTIFYING AND RESOLVING ISSUES OF CONCERN ASSOCIATED WITH THE
DRAFT REGULATIONS. THE DOCUMENT ALSO EXPLAINS MARYLAND'S PRELIMINARY
PROPOSED PROGRAM DESIGN. (PRICE: $16.)
MD01 MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
PD AT SUPPORT DOCUMENT
STATE/LOC STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
M001B602
DEVELOPING AN AIR TOXICS CONTROL PROGRAM FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND
MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
ABURN, GEORGE S. JR., FERRERI, GEORGE P., AND WIERMAN, SUSAN S G
06/01/86, 9 pag««
THIS PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 79TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL ASSOCIATION IN MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, DESCRIBES THE PROCESS
MARYLAND HAS USED IN DEVELOPING ITS AIR TOXICS CONTROL PROGRAM,
BRIEFLY SUMMARIZES THE PRELIMINARY PROGRAM DESIGN, AND IDENTIFIES
ISSUES THAT HAVE ARISIN IN THIS PROCESS. THE AUTHORS' INTENT IS TO
PROVIDE INFORMATION THAT MAY VE USEFUL TO OTHER STATES INVOLVED IN
SIMILAR PROJECTS. (PRICE $2.)
MD01 MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN
PD AT SUPPORT DOCUMENT
STATE/LOC STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
M0018603
RISK ASSESSMENT AND MARYLAND'S PROPOSED AIR TOXICS PROGRAM
MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
MARYLAND AIR MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION
09/01/87, 256 pages
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS THE PROCEEDINGS OF A SEMINAR ON RISK
ASSESSMENT HELD IN THE BALTIMORE AREA ON SEPTIMBER 18, 1986.
SPEAKERS AT THE SEMINAR INCLUDED REGION III ADMINISTRATOR JAMES
SEIF; DR. PETER PREUSS, DIRECTOR OF EPA'S OFFICE OF HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; AND DR. MORTON CORN, DIRECTOR OF THE
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENGINEERING AT THE JOHNS HOPKINS
UNIVERSITY.
THE PROCEEDINGS CONTAIN EPA'S NONTECHNICAL REVIEW OF THE
PRINCIPLES OF RISK ASSESSMENT, DR. CORN'S CRITIQUE OF THE USE OF
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES TO ESTABLISH AMBIENT GUIDELINES FOR
CARCINOGENS, EPA'S SUMMARY REPORT ON A DIOXIN ANALYSIS OF
PHILADELPHIA'S NORTHWEST INCINERATOR, AND OTHER PAPERS ON RISK
ASSESSMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK COMMUNICATION, EPA'S AIR TOXICS
POLICY, AND MARYLAND'S DRAFT AIR TOXICS REGULATIONS. (PRICE: $23.)
MD01 MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN
PD AT SUPPORT DOCOHKNT
STATE/LOC STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
-------
I
Ol
MD01.860J
ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MARYLAND'S PROPOSED AIR TOXIC
REGULATIONS
MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
MARYLAND AIR MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION
12/01/86, 87 pages
THIS DOCUMENT DISCUSSES THE COSTS OF COMPLYING KITH THE
MARYLAND'S DRAFT AIR TOXICS REGULATIONS. THE APPENDIX ANALYZES COSTS
TO CONTROL FOUR HYPOTHETICAL EMISSIONS SOURCES.
COST TO BUSINESS WILL PRIMARILY RESULT FROM ESTIMATING EMISSIONS,
MODELING THE IMPACT OF THESE EMISSIONS ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, AND
CONTROLLING EMISSIONS. THE TOTAL COSTS TO ALL REGULATED BUSINESSES IS
ESTIMATED TO RANGE FROM $350,000-9830,000 PER YEAR FOR THE FIRST FOUR
YEARS AFTER THE REGULATIONS ARE ADOPTED.
A FEW SOURCES MAY INCUR SUBSTANTIAL COSTS FOR EMISSIONS CONTROLS
BEYOND THOSE REQUIRED BY OTHER REGULATIONS. CONTROL COSTS HILL VARY
FROM ZERO TO SEVERAL HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS OR MORE. COSTS FOR
SOURCES THAT MOST CONTROL EMISSIONS WILL BE RELATED TO THE PUBLIC
HEALTH RISKS THEIR EMISSIONS CAUSE.
COSTS TO THE STATE ARE EXPECTED TO BE ABOUT $250,000 FOR
EQUIPMENT AND ABOUT $250,000 PER YEAR FOR PERSONNEL AND OTHER
OPERATING COSTS. (PRICE: $8.)
M001 MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
PD AT SUPPORT DOCUMENT
STATE/LOC STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
M0018701
TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS COVERED BY MARYLAND' S PROPOSED AIR TOXICS
REGULATIONS
MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT,AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
MARYLAND AIR MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION
02/01/87, 79 pages
THIS DOCUMENT EXPLAINS THE SUBSTANCES COVERED BY MARYLAND'S
PROPOSED AIR TOXICS PROGRAM. MARYLAND CLASSIFIES CARCINOGENS AS CLASS
I TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS (TAPS) AND OTHER TOXICS AS CLASS II TAPS.
CLASS I TAPS ARE CARCINOGENS IDENTIFIED BY THE INTENATIONAL AGENCY
FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER (IARC) AND THE NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM
(NTP). TO DEFINE CLASS II TAPS, MARYLAND USED OSHA' S HEALTH HAZARD
CRITERIA. THIS DEFINITION OF CLASS II TAPS IS OPEN-ENDED, AND THERE
IS NO LIST OF ALL CLASS II TAPS. MARYLAND HAS ESTABLISHED PRIORITY
LISTS OF TAPS TO DEFINE AND LIMIT THE PROGRAM FOR EXISTING SOURCES.
THE APPENDICES INCLUDE AN ANNOTATED LIST OF CARCINOGENS, THE IARC
TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS COVERED BY MARYLAND'S PROPOSED AIR TOXICS
REGULATIONS PROCESS FOR EVALUATING CARCINOGENIC RISK, AND THE
PRIORITY LIST OF CLASS I AND CLASS II TAPS FOR EXISTING SOURCES.
(PRICE: $8.).
MD01 MD DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AIR MANAGEMENT ADMIN.
PD AT SUPPORT DOCUMENT
STATE/LOC STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
OH01 DIOXIN DQ02
Determination of Polychlorinatad Dibenzo-p-diozins and
Dibenzofubans from Hazardous Wait* Incinerators in Ohio.
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
OAQDA and Ohio EPA
10/31/91
Two sources of hazardous wast* incineration in Ohio are being
evaluated for potential PCDD and PCDF emissions into the atBoaphere.
One stack teat and 2 ambient air test* are being completed for this
study. Diozin measurements will be described by conge profiles.
This it the second study by Ohio EPA determining diozin concentrations
in ambient air. This project should be completed by the end of 1991,
and will be available from Ohio EPA - Division of Air Pollution
Control.
OH01
STATE/LOC
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
OH01 LAKE ERIE E001
Input of tozic substances fro the atmosphere to Lake Erie.
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
OAQDA and Ohio EPA
49 pages
This study was an evaluation of the pathways by which chemicals enter
Lake Erie. Ezisting data was combined with calculations of dry and
wet deposition, input from tributaries, and vapor flui outputs to
determine estimates of absolute amounts of tozic substances entering
the lake. The relative contribution from atomospheric pathways also
is stated. Thirteen chemicals had enough data available to be
included in the final analysis. For most chemicals studied
atmospheric input into Lake Erie I* a minute fraction of the total
input. A detailed report is available from Ohio EPA - Division of
Air Pollution Control.
OH01
STATE/LOC
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
QH01 RADON 1234
Ohio Radon Research directions
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
OAQDA and Ohio EPA
var pages
Four radon research projects have been completed and are available
for use by interested parties. 1. Correlation of measured radon in
soil and uranium concentration of Ohio state, with diffusion
coefficients for soil thickness. 2. Radon hazards associated with
glacial deposits in Ohio. 3. Indoor radon concentrations in northeast
Ohio counties, and 4. Radon hazards associated with outcrops of the
Devonian Ohio state. Also, a computer data base is being established
to comple all known indoor radon concentrations for the state. These
studies were designed to help formulate Ohio'm radon reduction
program through the Ohio Department of Health.
OH01
STATE/LOC
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
-------
to
OE01 SEWSLUDGE S001
Toxic Air emission* from Sewage Sludge Incinerator in Ohio.
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
OAQDA and Ohio EPA
116 pag**
Stack t**ting va* p*rfom*d on two **wag* *ludg* incinerator* in Ohio.
Testing covered trace metal* and organic compound*. This report
summarize* the finding* from the *tack te*t* a* veil as characterize*
the emi**ion* from the other 12 incinerator* of *evage *ludg* in Ohio.
The results of thi* *tudy ax* available from the Ohio EPA - Division
of Air Pollution Control.
OH01
STATE/LOG
OHIO EPA, DIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY
PB90-110131
Indoor Air Source*: Using Small Environmental Te«t Chamber* to
Characterize Organic Emi**ion* from Indoor Material* and Products
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
B.A. Tichenor
Aug 89, 41p, EPA-600/8-89-074, PC A03/MT A01
Abstract: The report describe* procedure* for determining organic
emission rates from indoor materials/products using small environmen-
tal test chamber*. The technique* presented are useful for both rou-
tine product testing by manufacturers and testing laboratories and for
more rigorous evaluation by Indoor air quality researchers.
CL-ORCANIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
PB90-119765
Directory of Information Resources Related to Health, Exposure, and
Risk Assessment of Air Toxics
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, Air RISC
Aug 89, 92p, EPA-450/3-88-015, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: Many State and local agencies are developing or implement-
ing program* to control emission* of toxic air pollutants. To suc-
cessfully carry cut thsss progress, in sany casss, agancy personnel
must be familiar with a wide rang* of issues related to health, expo-
sure, and risk as«e**ment for toxic air pollutants. However, locating
appropriate sources of information on these topics is not always an
easy task. The directory has been prepared by the U.S. EPA's Air Risk
Information Support Center (Air RISC) as a resource tool for State and
local air pollution control agencies and EPA Regional Offices to iden-
tify useful source* of information regarding health, exposure, and
ri*k a*****ments for toxic air pollutant*.
EA
EPA
HA
PD
RA
RDG
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HEALTH ASSESSMENT
AT SUPPORT DOCUMENT
RISK ASSESSMENT
REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
PB90-120148
MOBILE4 Exhauat Emi**ion Factor* and Inspection/Maintenance Benefits
for Passenger Cars
EPA, Ann Arbor, MI, TSS
E.L. Glover and D.J. Brzazinaki
Aug 89, 66p, EPA-AA/TSS-IM-89-3, PC A04/MT A01
Abstract: The MOBILE4 Tech IV Credit Model is used to estimate the
emission factor equations, the affects of Inspection and Maintenance
(I/M) programs, and the bag fraction equation* for 1981 and latar pas-
senger cars. The model's results are then stored in the EPA MOBILE4
emission factor model database. The report describes the development,
use and results of the Tech IV model. It also documents the normal-
ized bag fractions, high altitude emission factors, biennial I/M cred-
its, and idle emission I/M credits used in MOBILE4.
IT
EPA
PP
EMISSION FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
POLLUTION PREVENTION
PB90-120544
Draft Test Report: A Performance Test on a Spray Dryer, Fabric
Filter, and Net Scrubber System
EPA, Washington, DC, OSW
S. Garg
Oct 89, 128p, EPA-530/SN-90-008, PC A07/MF A01
Abstract: The EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) is currently develop-
ing regulations to control eml**ion* of products of incomplete com-
bustion, particulate matter and toxic metals from hazardous waste in-
cinerators. Emissions data to support these regulations was collected
and testing was conducted on a toxic substances control waste inciner-
ator between 4/25-27/89. EPA'* objective* were to collect particulate
and metal* removal efficiency and emission* data for the combined
spray dryer and baghouse system and the total air pollution control
system; characterize the fate of waste feed metal* through the incin-
eration and air pollution control system*; and evaluate the potential
u*e of a surrogate metal 'soup' as a mean* of assessing control effi-
ciencies and establishing allowable waste feed concentrations for
toxic metals.
CL-METAL METALLIC COMPOUNDS
CL-ORGANIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
-------
ro
i
vl
PB90-127374
Compendium of Method* for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds
in Ambient Air, June 1988
EPA, Research Triangie Park, NC, AREAL
Engineering Science
H.T. Hinberry, N.T. Murphy, and R.M. Riggan
Jun 88, 600p, EPA-600/4-89-017, PC A25/MF A04
Abstract: The Compendium ha* been prepared to provide regional,
State, and local environmental regulatory agencies, as well as other
interested parties, with specific guidance on the determination of
selected toxic organic compounds in ambient air. The decision was
made to begin preparation of a Compendium which would provide specific
sampling and analysis procedures, in a standard!xed format, for
selected toxic organic compounds. The current Compendium consists of
fourteen procedures which are considered to be of primary importance
in current toxic organic monitoring efforts.
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-ORGANIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
95 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND HOUSING
951 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
9511 AIR, WATER, t SOLID HASTE MANAGEMENT
PB90-129362
Pilot-Scale ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator) and Hydro-Sonic Scrubber
Parametric Tests for Pazticulate, Metals and HC1 Emissions
EPA, Washington, DC, OSW
S. Garg
Jun 89, 77p, EPA-530/SW-90-009, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: The EPA's Office of Solid Haste is currently developing ad-
ditional regulations to control emissions of particulate matter, toxic
metals and hydrochloric acid (HC1) from hazardous waste incinerators.
Emissions data was collected to support these regulations; testing was
conducted on two pilot-scale air pollution control systems installed
and operated in Tulsa, OK. The test program took place between March
28 and April 4, 1989. The report represents the results of the test-
ing program and describes the processes involved as well as the test-
ing and analytical methods used. The primary objective of the test
program was to collect particulate and toxic metals removal efficiency
and emissions data for two pilot-scale air pollution control systems
hydro-sonic wet scrubber; and beltran two-stage electrostatic precipi-
tator.
CL-METAL METALLIC COMPOUNDS
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFMNCK STD
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
7647-01-0 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
PB90-134172
Follow-Dp Alpha-Track Monitoring In 40 Eastern Pennsylvania Houses
with Indoor Radon Reduction Systems. (Winter 1988-89)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
American ATCON, Inc.
A.G. Scott and A. Robertson
Oct 89, 27p, EPA-600/8-89-083, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: The report gives results of 4-month-long alpha-track de-
tector (ATD) measurements of indoor radon concentrations, completed
during the winter of 1988-89 in 38 of 40 houses where radon reduction
techniques had been installed 2-4 years previously during an earlier
EPA project. The techniques, installed between June 1985 and June
1987, generally involved some form of active soil ventilation: three
were air-to-air heat exchangers, and two involved carbon filters to
remove radon from well water. The purpose of these measurements was
to determine if the radon reduction performance of the systems had
degraded compared to previous wintertime radon measurements. Compari-
son of the current ATD results with those from 1986-87 and 1987-88 in-
dicates that, in the 34 houses where the system was in continuous
operation during this measurement period, the radon levels generally
compared well with those measured during the previous years. In only
two houses did significant, unexplainable increases occur. Two soil
ventilation fans failed during the previous year: 5 out of 34 fans
have failed to date. One air-to-air heat exchanger has needed repair.
The one water treatment unit designed specifically for radon removal
is giving 97% removal, whereas the other has degraded to 65%.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
PB90-141227
Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS), User's Manual
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, CTC
Radian Corporation
S. Watkins
Sep 89, 40p, EPA-450/4-89-013A, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: Surface impoundments are used to treat, store, and dispose
of waste water generated by facilities in many different industries.
The Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS) is a personal computer
based program designed to estimate the air emissions from surface im-
poundments. The emission estimates are based on mass transfer models
developed by the Emissions Standards Division (ESD) of the EPA during
the evaluation of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities (TSDF's). SIMS allows the user to specify all required in-
puts to these emission models when this information is available, or
when only limited information is available, provides default values
for most of the model inputs. The manual presents a complete refer-
ence for all of the features and commands in SIMS.
EPA
SA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SOURCE ASSESSMENT
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PB90-141235
Background Document for the Surfaca Impoundment Modaling System (SIMS)
EPA, Raaaarch Triangla Park, NC, CTC
Radian Corporation
S. Hatkint
Sap 89, 184p, EPA-450/4-89-013B, PC A09/MF A01
Abstract: Surfaca impoundments ara used to treat, atora, and dlaposa
of waata vatar ganaratad by facilities in many diffarant induatriaa.
Tha Surfaca Impoundment Modaling System (SIMS) ii a paraonal computer
baaad program daaignad to estimate tha air emissions froa aurfaca im-
poundments. Tha emission estimates ara baaad on mass tranafar models
developed by tha Emissions Standard* Division (ESD) of tha EPA during
tha evaluation of hazardous waata treatment, atoraga, and disposal
facilities (TSDF'a). SIMS allows tha uaar to spacify all required in-
puts to thaaa emission models whan tha information is available, or
when only limited information ia available, provides default vlaues
for most of tha model inputs. Tha manual presents a complete refer-
ence for all of tha features and commands in SIMS.
EPA
SA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SOURCE ASSESSMENT
PB90-143447
Aaroaol Industry Success in Reducing CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon)
Propellant Uaaga
EPA, Raaaarch Triangla Park, NC, AIERL
Radian Corporation
T.P. Nelson and S.L. Wavlll
Nov 89, 227p, EPA-600/2-89-062, PC All/MF A02
Abstract: Tha two-part report discusses the reduction of Chloro-
fluorocarbon (CFC) propallant uaage. Part I discusses the U.S. aero-
sol industry'a experience in converting from CFC propellants to alter-
native aaroaol formulations. Detailed examples of non-CFC formula-
tions ara provided for 28 categories of aerosol products. Hydrocarbon
propellants, which cost lass than CFCa, ara most often selected as the
propellants of choice unless special properties (e.g., increased sol-
vency or reduced flammability) are needed. Dimethyl ether is the next
most preferred CFC alternative although it la flammable and a strong
aolvent. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen are inexpenaive
and widely available, but have been underused as aeroaol propellants.
Special equipment ia often needed to add them to the aeroaol contain-
ers.
PB90-145772
Indoor Air: Reference Bibliography
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
D. Campbell, D. Stavaa, and S. McDonald
Jul 89, 341p, IPA-600/8-89-067F, PC A15/MF A02
Abstract: Tha U.S. EPA initially established the indoor air Reference
Bibliography in 1987 aa an appendix to tha Indoor Air Quality Imple-
mentation Plan. The document waa submitted to Congress aa required
under Title IVRadon Gaa and Indoor Air Quality Research of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriiation Act of 1986. The Reference
Bibliography ia an extensive bibliography of reference materials on
indoor air pollution. The Bibliography contains over 4500 citations
and continues to increase as new articles appear.
CL-IAP INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
PB90-146416
Air Emissions Species Manual (Addendum to the)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
G.N. Brooks, J.T. Haddell, and A. Butler
Oct 89, 311p, EPA-450/2-88-003C, PC A14/MF A02
Abstract: Tha U.S. EPA haa several activitiea that require apeciated
particulate matter (PM) or volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles
from several source categories. In an effort to update the available
apeciated PM profile data base, EPA haa Initiated studies to update
varioua reference manuals. The document updates the PM profiles in
the Air Emissions Species Manual, Volume II with new information ob-
tained from contacta with principal researchers in the field of PM
species profiles and source receptor modeling. The new profilea were
developed using the procedures and protocols specified in the original
Air Emissions Species Manual, Volume II. The profiles are based on
data submitted by the researchera.
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CL-CFC CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
283 DRUGS
2834 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
284 SOAP, CLEANERS, AND TOILET GOODS
2844 TOILET PREPARATIONS
73 BUSINESS SERVICES
738 MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS SERVICES
7389 BUSINESS SERVICES, NEC
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PB90-146697
Nonmethane Organic Compound Monitoring Program. Final Report 1988.
Volume 2. Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program
PA, Research Triangle Park, NC, QAQPS
Radian Corporation
R.A. McAllister, et al.
Apr 89, 277p, EPA-450/4-89-005, PC A13/MF A02
Abstract: Fro* October, 1987 to October, 1988 samples of ambient air
were collected at 19 sites in the eastern part of the U.S. Every 12
days, air was integrated over 24-hour periods into passivated stain-
less steel canisters. Simultaneously, air was drawn through car-
tridges containing dinltrophenylhydrazlne to collect carbonyl com-
pounds. The samples were analyzed at a central laboratory for a total
of 37 halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, acetalde-
hyde, and other oxygenated species. The hydrocarbon species were ana-
lyzed by gas chromatography/multiple detectors and gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry, while the carbonyl species were analyzed by liquid
chromatography. An extensive quality assurance program was carried on
to secure high quality data. Complete data for all the hydrocarbon
samples are presented in the report.
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-ALDEHYD ALDEHYDES
CL-NMHC NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
75-07-0 ACETALDEHYDE
PB90-149972
Alternative Formulations to Reduce CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons) Use in
U.S. Exempted and Excluded Aerosol Products
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Radian Corporation
T.P. Nelson and S.L. Wevill
Nov 89, 155p, EPA-600/2-89-061
Abstract: The report examines products exempted and excluded from
those affected by the 1978 ban on the use of Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCa) as aerosol prop*11ant«, the present consumption of CFCs still
utilized for theae products in the U.S., and alternative formulations
which may be used to reduce or eliminate the CFC content of these pro-
ducts. (NOTE: The ban allowed for exemptions if it could be demon-
strated that no acceptable alternative propellants were available and
that the products were essential. Essentiality was based on three
criteria: (1) the product's economic significance, (2) the environ-
mental and health impacts of the product and its substitutes, and (3)
the effects on the quality of life resulting from no longer having the
product or a reasonable substitute available. Also, if a CFC served
some purpose other than as a propellant, that product was excluded
from the regulation.) The study shows that about 40% of the CFC usage
in theae products can be immediately replaced by available substi-
tutes. It identified seven categories of products for which immedi-
ate replacement of all of the CFC content is not technically feasible.
CL-CFC CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
PB90-151457
Effects of Appliance Type and Operating Variables on Hoodstove
Emissions. Volume 1. Report and Appendices A-C
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
OMNI Environmental Services, Inc.
P.G. Burnet, J.E. Houck, and R.B. Roholt
Jan 90, 136p, EPA-600/2-90-001A, PC A07/MF A01
Abstract: The report gives results of a project, in support of the
integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP), to provide data on the specific
effects of appliance type and operating variables on woodstove emis-
sions. Samples of participate material and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) were collected. Particulate samples were analyzed for differ-
ent organic fractions including specific polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbon (PAH) compounds. Inorganic matter on the filters was also ana-
lyzed. Results were calculated for pollutant concentrations, emission
rates, and emission factors. Twelve test runs were conducted on a
conventional stove, and two on a catalyst-equipped stove. Operating
variables included fuel type (oak and pine), altitude (80 and 800 m),
and burn rate (high and low). Test data were analyzed using analysis
of variance and linear regression procedures. Although the data do
not show strong statistical significance due to variability of re-
sults, some general trends do appear to be present, and conclusions
can be drawn as to the effects of various operating variables on wood-
stove emissions.
CL-PAH POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
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PB90-151465
Effects of Appliance Type and Operating Variables on Noodstove
Emissions. Volume 2. Appendices D-F
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AIERL
OMNI Environmental Services, Inc.
P.G. Burnet, J.E. Rouck, and R.B. Roholt
Jan 90, 266p, EPA-600/2-90-001B, PC A12/MF A02
Abstract: The report gives results of a project. In support of the
Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP), to provide data on the specific
effects of appliance type and operating variables on woodstove emis-
sions. Sanples of particulate material and volatile organic compound*
(VOCs) were collected. Particulate samples were analyzed for differ-
ent organic fractions Including specific polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbon (PAH) compounds. Inorganic matter on the filters was also
analyzed. Results were calculated for pollutant concentrations, emis-
sion rates, and emission factors. Twelve test runs were conducted on
a conventional stove, and two on a catalyst-equipped stove. Operating
variables included fuel type (oak and pine), altitude (80 and 800 m),
and burn rate (high and low). Test data were analyzed using analysis
of variance and linear regression procedures. Although the data do
not show strong statistical significance due to variability of re-
sults, sooie general trends do appear to be present, and conclusions
can be drawn as to the effects of various operating variables on wood-
stove emissions.
CL-PAH POLYCYCLIC AROHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
PB90-152224
Nonoccupational Pesticide Exposure Study (HOPES)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AREAL
Research Triangle Inst.
F.W. Immerman and J.L. Schaum
Jan 90, 256p, EPA-600/3-90-003, PC A12/MF A02
Abstract: The Non-occupational Pesticide Exposure Study was the first
attempt to develop a methodology for measuring the potential exposure
of specified populations to common pesticides. In the study, as in
other studies utilizing the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology
(TEAM), the exposures were related to actual use patterns. A selected
list of 32 household pesticides were evaluated in two different cities
during the study. Air samples were collected over a 24-hour period in
indoor, outdoor and personal mlcroenvironments. In addition, limited
water and dermal contact samples were collected for selected homes
The study households were selected frcsi stratified randan population
samples in two urbanized areas. The samples were collected over sev-
eral seasons in areas contrasting a relatively high and low use of
pesticides. Dietary recall, activity pattern, and pesticide use data
were collected through survey questionnaires. The report discusses
the results of the study with an emphasis on the various routes of ex-
posure (air, water, dermal, and indirectly, food) and their relative
contribution to total human exposure.
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-PEST PESTICIDES
EA EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-154832
Municipal Haste CombustorsBackground Information for Proposed
Standards
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
Aug 89, 1237p in 5 volumes, EPA-450/3-89-027A-E, PC E99/MF E99
Abstract: Set Includes PB90-154840 through PB90-1548815: Volume 1 -
Cost Procedures (PB90-154840, PC A08/MF A01). Volume 2 - lll(b) Model
Plant Description and Cost Report (PB90-154857, PC A07/MF A01). Vol-
ume 3 - Post-Combustion Technology Performance (PB90-154865, PC A14/MF
A01). Volume 4 - Control of NOx Emissions (PB90-154873, PC A06/MF
AOij. Volume 5 - Guidelines for Existing Facilities (PB90-154881 PC
A22/MF A01) .
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
<9 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
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PB90-154907
Economic Impact of Air Pollutant Emission Standards for New Municipal
Naat* Ccobuator*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Research Triangle In*t.
G.E. Morris, et al.
Aug 89, 166p, EPA-450/3-89-006, PC A08/MF A01
Abstract: The U.S. EPA plan* to propose New Source Performance Stan-
dard* (NSPSa) for air emissions from new municipal waste coabustors
(IWCa) In late 1989. Affected plant* Include all MIC plants that are
placed under construction after regulations are proposed in the Feder-
al Register. The regulations will affect the number of plants built
and the cosibustion technology selected. The regulations will also
significantly affect the cost of owning and operating these new
plants. The report use* three economic scenarios to examine the eco-
nomic impact of the five regulatory alternatives under most active
consideration by EPA.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HSPS HEN SRC PRFBMNCE STD
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
PB90-154915
Municipal Impact Analysis of Air Pollutant Emission Standards and
Guidelines for Municipal Haste Combustors
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
J. Robson, B. Madariaga, and T. Maiton
Oct 89, 171p, PC A08/MF A01
Abstract: The EPA, under the authority of Clean Air Act lll(b) and
(d), proposes to regulate air pollutant emissions from new and exist-
ing municipal waste combustors (MICs). MMC emissions cause, or con-
tribute significantly to, air pollution that endangers public health
and welfare. The Standards and Guidelines require the reduction of
emissions to the air of organic compounds (principally dioxina and
furans), metals (cadmium, mercury, chromium, lead, nickel, etc.), acid
gases (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, etc.), nitrogen oxides, and
carbon monoxide. The Standards identify these pollutants as MMC emis-
sions and nitrogen oxides. MtfC emissions consist of MHC organics,
MHC metals, and MHC acid gases. MMC emissions is the designated pol-
lutant that triggers application of lll(d); the Guidelines do not ad-
dress nitrogen oxides. Currently, EPA new source review permitting
directives to the states recommend control of most of these pollutants
at new, large MHCs.
CL-ACID ACIDIC COMPOUNDS INCLUDING ACID GASES
CL-DIOXIN DIOXINS
CL-FURAN FURANS
CL-LEAD LEAD COMPOUNDS
CL-METAL METALLIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
630-08-0 CARBON MONOXIDE
7439-97-6 MERCURY
7440-02-0 NICKEL
7440-43-9 CADMIUM
7440-47-3 CHROMHM
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
7647-01-0 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
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PB90-155573
Characterization of Population and Usage of Unvented Kerosene Space
Heater*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AKERL
Applied Management Sciences, Inc.
J. Barnes, P. Holland, and P. Mihlmester
Jan 90, 7Sp, EPA-600/7-90-004, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The report give* result* of a study of the market penetra-
tion of unvented kerosene space heaters (UKSHs) in the residential
sector. The study vas aimed at gathering baseline information to help
assess the magnitude and potential severity of a problem involving
emissions from unvented appliances, one of a number of synergistic
factors affecting indoor air quality. UKSHs can be a significant
source of such emissions. UKSH usage patterns were also investigated.
Annual sales of UKSHs are estimated at 825,000 units. Leading brands
include convective units marketed by Toyotomi USA (kero-Sun) and
Corona USA. Some units contain built-in catalytic filters for odor
control. Add-on catalytic filters are available from at least one
manufacturer. It is believed that 15-17 million portable UKSHs have
been sold in the U.S. since the early 1970s. However, it is estimated
that, in the 1986-87 heating season, there were only about 7 million
units in use. About half of these units are in the South. Depending
on whether UKSHs are used as primary or secondary heating sources,
they may be used anywhere from 1 to 17 hours a day. Eighty percent of
UKSHs are used in multifamily dwellings and mobile homes.
EPA
IA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
INDOOR AIR
PB90-160086
Radon Reduction Techniques in Schools: Interim Technical Guidance
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Oct 89, 56p, EPA-520/1-89-020, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The guidance contained in the document is based largely on
research conducted in 1987 and 1988 in schools located in Maryland and
Virginia. Because school design, construction and operation patterns
vary considerably, it is not always possible to recommend 'standard'
corrective actions that apply to all schools. Therefore, the document
covers background information on radon and radon mitigation experi-
ence, important school building characteristics relative to radon en-
try and aitlgatinn,- problem analysis, radon diagnostic tasting, and
radon mitigation system design and installation.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
15 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
154 NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
1542 NONRESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION, NEC
82 EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
821 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
8211 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
PB90-161514
Chromium Emissions from Comfort Cooling Towers: Background Informa-
tion for Promulgated Standard*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Jan 89, 90p, EPA-450/3-87-010B, PC A05/MT A01
Abstract: A final rule for the control of hexavalent chromium emis-
sions from comfort cooling towers (CCT) is being promulgated under
authority of Section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act. The final
rule prohibits both the use of Cr(+6) in CCTs and the distribution in
commerce of CR(+6) for use in CCTe. The rule would apply to existing
and new CCTs. The document contains a summary of changes to the rule
made since proposal, a summary of the Impacts of the promulgated rule,
and a summary of the public comments on the proposed rule and EPA's
responses.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
7440-47-3 CHROMIUM
PB90-169954
OAQPS (Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards) Control Cost
Manual (Fourth Edition)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
H.M. Vatavuk
Jan 90, 282p, EPA-450/3-90-006, PC A13/MP A02
Abstract: The Manual compiles up-to-date capital costs, operating and
maintenance expenses, and other costs for 'add-on' air pollution con-
trol systems and provides a comprehensive, concise, consistent, and
easy-to-use procedure for estimating and (where appropriate) escalat-
ing these costs. ('Add-on' systems are those installed downstream of
an air pollution source to control its emissions). The Manual esti-
mating procedure rests on the notion of the 'factored' or 'study'
estimate, nominally accurate to within + or - 30%. This type of esti-
mate is well suited to estimating control system cost* Intended for
use in regulatory development. Study eitimate* are sufficiently accu-
rate, yet do not require the detailed, site-specific data inputs
needed to make definitive or other more accurate types of estimates.
CT
EPA
CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
KEG DEVELOP GUIDE
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PB90-171778
Guidelines for Conducting the AKKRA (Asbestos Hazard Emergency Re-
sponse Act) TIM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) Clearance Test to
Determine Completion of an Asbestos Abatement Project
IPA, Washington, DC, OTS
Chesson Conaulting
J. Chesson, et al.
Hay 89, 31p, EPA-560/5-89-001, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: Asbestos abatement carried out in schools is subject to
regulations under the Aabestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986
(AHERA). The AHERA rule (40 CFR Part 763) includes procedures for de-
termining when an asbestos abateatent cite is sufficiently clean for
the containment barriera to be removed. After the abatement site has
been subject to a thorough visual inspection, air samples are col-
lected. In Boat cases, the samples must be analyzed by transmission
electron microscopy (TKM). The document provides guidance for con-
ducting the TEM clearance test with emphasis on interpretation of the
results. The three components of the test, the Initial Screening
Test, the Blank Contamination Teat, and the Z-test, are described and
Illustrated with numerical examples.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
1332-21-4 ASBESTOS
82 EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
821 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
8211 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
How Hell Is It Working.
PB90-173469
Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality
Risk Communication Series
EPA, Washington, DC, OPPE
D. Synstelien
Jan 90, 56p, EPA-230/01-90-073, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The O.S. EPA and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commis-
sion developed a booklet entitled 'The Inside Story: A Guide to In-
door Air Quality,' designed to provide information for the general
public. The report describes the small scale evaluation of the effec-
tiveness of the booklet. The study appears to be one of the first at-
tempts to determine how Information materials requested by households
actually are used by them. The evaluation examined the share of re-
queatera who read the booklet; changes in their knowledge about indoor
air pollution causes, and knowledge about testing and mitigation. The
evaluation aleo asked whether respondents had tested or taken action
to reduce their exposure to indoor air pollution.
CL-IAP INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
RC RISK COMMUNICATION
PB90-17830?
Communicating Radon Riak Effectively: A Mid-Course Evaluation
EPA, Washington, DC, OPA
V.K. Smith, et al.
Jul 87, 244p, EPA-230/07-87-029, PC All/MF A02
Abstract: A panel of 2300 homeowners waa divided into subgroups to
test the effectiveness of six alternative ways of explaining the risk
from naturally occurring radon gas. The research design focused on
two dimensions: Qualitative va. quantitative and directive vs. evalu-
ative. These characteristics led to 4 experimental booklets, which
were compared with EPA's Citizen's Guide and a one-page fact aheet.
The evaluation examined how much people learned about radon; whether
they could form risk perceptions consistent with their home's measured
radon level; and whether they felt they had enough information to make
a decision about mitigation. The fact sheet did not perform well on
any of these evaluation criteria. None of the five booklets clearly
was best for all 3 evaluation criteria; the report discusses the im-
plications for designing an affective radon risk communication pro-
gram.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
RC RISK COMMUNICATION
10043-92-2 RADON
PB90-162197
Environmental Radiation Data:
EPA, Montgomery, AL, EERF
Dec 89, 45p, EPA-520/5-89-034, PC A03/MF A01
Report 58, April-June 1989
Abstract: Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data from the
Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from
similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the ERD when
available. The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations
that provide air, surface, and drinking water and milk samples from
which environmental radiation level* are derived. Sampling locations
are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning
to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive
contamination of the environment. The radiation analyses performed on
these samples include gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma
analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium,
plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium.
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-RAD RADIATION
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
7440-07-5 PLUTONIUM
7440-14-4 RADIUM
7440-24-6 STRONTIUM
7440-61-1 URANIUM
7553-56-2 IODINE
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PB90-182544
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Series. Superfund Air Path-
way Analyses Review Criteria Checklists
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corp.
J.I. Letkeman
Jan 90, 63p, KPA-450/1-90-001, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The IPA has responsibility for assessment and clean-up of
Superfund sites. Because air emission! pose a potential human health
risk at these sites, the EPA has developed a set of procedures for
evaluating these risks. The four checklists presented provide a
systematic approach for air reviewers to apply the air pathway assess-
ment procedures. The background, purpose, and application of the
checklists are discussed.
IPX
RA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RISK ASSESSMENT
PB90-182759
Handbook: Hazardous Waste Incineration Measurement Guidance Manual.
Volume 3 of the Hazardous Haste Incineration Guidance Series
EPA, Washington, DC, OSNIR
Jun 89, 52p, EPA-625/6-89-021, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The document provides general guidance to permit writers in
reviewing the measurement aspects of incineration permit applications
and trial burn plans. It is oriented to how measurements are made,
not what measurements to make. The guidance deals specifically with
commonly required measurement parameters and measurement methods for
process monitoring, sampling and analysis aspects of trial burns and
subsequent operation of the incinerator, and quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC) associated with these activities. As a guidance tool,
the document introduces the major elements of incineration measure-
ments via sample checklists, general discussion, and technical
references.
KPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
PB90-184367
Air Emissions Species Manual. Volume 2. Particulate Matter Species
Profiles. Second Edition
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC
Radian Corporation
G.H. Brooks, J.T. Haddell, and H.A. Butler
Jan 90, 784p, EPA-450/2-90-001B, PC A99/MF E06
Abstract: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has several
activities that require speciated participate matter (PM) or volatile
organic compound (VOC) profiles frost several source categories. In an
effort to update the available apeciated PM profile data base, EPA
initiated studies to update the 'Receptor Model Source Composition
Library' (EPA-450/4-85-002) and produce a revision entitled 'Air Emis-
sions Species Manual - Volume II, Particulate Matter Species Profiles'
(EPA-450/2-88-003b). Similarly for VOC emissions, EPA performed
studies to revise the 'Volatile Organic Compound Species Data Manual -
Second Edition' (EPA-450/4-80-015) and provide an updated version in
the 'Air Emissions Species Profiles' (EPA-450/2-88-003a). The purpose
of the document is to update the PM profiles in the Air Emissions
Species Manual, Volume II with new information obtained from contacts
with principal researchers In the field of PM species profiles and
source receptor modeling. The profiles are based on data voluntarily
submitted by the researchers.
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-185422
Compiling Air Toxics Emission Inventories. Second Edition
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
D.W. Safriet
Feb 90, 80p, EPA-450/4-86-010, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: The report contains technical materials that will assist
State and local control agencies in compiling air toxics emission in-
ventories. It contains a discussion of varioua considerations that
should be made in planning and beginning an inventory and various
tools an agency can use to locate potential sources and to estimate
emissions therefron. The appendices contain the data needed to use
these inventory tool* and some example applications of them.
CL-HAPS TITLE III HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RDG REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
95 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND ROUSING
951 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
9511 AIR, HATER, I SOLID HASTE MANAGEMENT
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PB90-185644
Air Emi**lon* Specie* Manual. Volume 1. Volatile Organic Compound
Specie* Profiles. Second Edition
EPA, Reaearch Triangle Park, NC
Radian Corporation
G.H. Brook., J.T. Hadd.ll, and W.A. Butler
Jan 90, 640p, EPA-450/2-90-001A, PC A99/MF A04
Abstract: The U.S. EPA has several activities that require speciated
particulate Batter (PM) or volatile organic compounds (VOC) profiles
froai several source categories. In an effort to update the available
speciated PM profile data base, EPA initiated studies to update the
'Receptor Model Source Composition Library' and produce a revision en-
titled 'Air Emissions Species Manual - Volume II, Particulate Matter
Species Profiles'. Similarly for VOC emissions, EPA performed studies
to revise the 'Volatile Organic Compound Species Data Manual - Second
Edition' and provide an updated version in the 'Air Emissions Species
Manual - Volume I, Volatile Organic Compound Species Profiles', the
purpose of the document is to update VOC profiles in the Air Emissions
Species Manual, Volume I.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIROWJENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-186313
Estimation of Emissions from Charcoal Lighter Fluid and Review of
Alternatives
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Radian Corporation
D.L. Campbell, and M.B. Stockton
Jan 90, 40p, EPA-600/2-90-003, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: The report gives results of an evaluation of emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from charcoal lighter fluid, a con-
sumer product consisting entirely of volatile constituents. An esti-
mated 46,250 ton* (42,000 Mg) of charcoal lighter fluid is used in the
U.S. each year. VOCs contribute to the formation of ozone; therefore,
the ozone nonattainment issue has focused attention on VOCs emitted
from many sources. VOCs are emitted when charcoal lighter fluid is
used, but these emissions are difficult to quantify. Evaporative VOC
losses occur from the lighter fluid prior to ignition, and combustion
VOC losses occur from burning lighter-fluid-soaked charcoal bri-
quettes. The study evaluates tests conducted to date on charcoal
lighter fluid emissions. The information is moat complete for evapo-
rative VOC losses. The estimates vary greatly, however, based on the
length of time between application of the lighter fluid and ignition.
The limited test* conducted to date have not distinguished lighter
fluid from charcoal briquette combustion emissions.
CL-CONSOMR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
PB90-186370
Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbon* and Toxic Pollutants: Workshop
Minutes. Held in Las Vega*, Nevada on April 6-7, 1989
EPA, La* Vega*, NV, EMSL
Nevada Univ., La* Vegas
F.F. Hall
Mar 90, 71p, EPA-600/9-90-009, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: A number of remote sensing techniques are now available for
onitorlng hydrocarbons and toxic airborne pollutants. Filter and
dispersive spectroradiometers (line integral in ppb range; cost about
$3SK) with restricted versatility are sold commercially. The more
versatile FTIR's (line integral in ppb range; coat $50-100K) and
DIAL'S (range-resolve in ppm range; cost $100-200K) are now becoming
coemwrcially available. Automatic, unattended field operation has
been successfully demonstrated for several types of such adaptable re-
mote sensing systems. FTIR's and DIAL'S complement each other in
identifying a pollutant's presence and its spatial extent; there is
potential for Improving their performance by a factor of ten or more
in the next ten years. Much of the promise for FTIR's lies in their
reliance on computer software and hardware to perform the frequency
analyses and to access the stored libraries of reference spectra. If
avalanche photodiodes for the thermal infrared can be made feasible
for field work, there is a potential for an additional order of magni-
tude or more of performance improvement. Rapid line-tuning will be
easier as the development of optical modulators for the infrared pro-
gresses.
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-HCARB HYDROCARBONS
EPA ENVIROWENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-186438
Neurotoxic Effects of Controlled Exposure to a Complex Mixture of
Volatile Organic Compounds
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, HERL
D.A. Otto, et al.
Mar 90, 105p, EPA-600/1-90-001, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: Subjective reactions of discomfort, impaired air quality,
irritation of aucosal membrane*, and impaired memory have been re-
ported in chemically sensitive subject* during exposure to VOCs found
in new buildings. 66 normal healthy male subjects aged 18-39 were ex-
posed for 2.75 hr* to a complex VOC mixture at 0 and 25 mg/cu m. Each
subject completed control and exposure sessions at one week intervals
in counterbalanced order. Measurements included comfort ratings of
eye, nose and throat irritation, symptom questionnaire and computer-
ized behavioral test*. Subject* found the odor of VOC* unpleasant and
strong and reported that VOC exposure degraded air quality, increased
headache and produced general discomfort. VOC exposure did not affect
performance on any behavioral tests. Results indicate that subjective
reaction* to VOC* are not limited to chemically sensitive individual*
ince the study population is a subgroup that is probably least likely
to be affected by chemical exposure.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
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PB90-187014
Technical Assistance Document for Sampling and Analysis of Toxic
Organic Compound* la Ambient Air
BPA, R*s«arch Triangle Park, NC, AREAL
ATC, Inc.
D. Elam
Feb 90, 133p, IPA-600/8-90-005, PC A07/MF A01
Abstract: The guidance document was originally issued in June 1983.
Sine* then significant changes have occurred in the regulations that
cover volatile and seaivolatile organic air pollutants. There have
also been significant advances in the collection and analysis of or-
ganic compounds and in the quality and availability of calibration and
QC samples for them. The present version of the guidance document has
been revised to reflect these changes so that the new information can
be readily available to the monitoring community. Because the docu-
ment covers regulatory issues, sampling and analytical methods, moni-
toring plan development and quality assurance it will be useful to
both governmental and Industrial personnel concerned with monitoring
the ambient air for organic compounds. It should be useful as an aid
for planning and establishing such air monitoring programs, but it
should not be used as the sole source for such a program.
CL-SVOC SEMTVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RDG REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
PB.9Q-187055
Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Indirect
Exposure to Combustor Emissions
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, ECAO
Jan 90, 439p, EPA-600/6-90-003, PC A19/MF A03
Abstract: The methodology document seeks to provide risk assessors
with the guidance necessary to estimate the health risks that result
from exposure to toxic pollutants in combustor emissions by pathways
other than inhalation. The organization of the document reflects the
four-step process of risk assessment (hazard identification, dose-
response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization).
The methodology is not intended to be prescriptive; that is, it does
not eessprise s s«t of guideline* or recosssndad approaches that ths
U.S. EPA believes should be applied in all circumstances. Rather, it
provides a set of procedures that the risk assessor can draw upon,
where applicable, to a given assessment. The document describes ana-
lytical procedures and computer models that can be used to estimate
exposure and risk by a variety of environmental pathways. In addi-
tion, it serves as a preliminary source of data for carrying out the
risk calculations. The degree of scientific support or uncertainty
attendant to each calculation varies widely. Therefore, the appropri-
ate use of these procedures and the discussion of uncertainties sur-
rounding the results remain important responsibilities of the risk
assessor.
PB90-187949
National Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) Program: Cumulative
Proficiency Report, January 1990
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Research Triangle Inst.
Jan 90, 382p, BPA-520/1-90-001, PC A17/MF A02
Abstract: The report is a complete listing of participants who met
EPA's National Radon Measurement Proficiency (BMP) Program require-
ments during Test Round 6 conducted March-December 1989. It is in-
tended for use by Federal, State, and local officials, radon measure-
ment companies, radon mitigation contractors, concerned homeowners,
and other persons as an aid in selecting reliable sources of radon
measurement services.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
17 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
179 MISC. SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
1799 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS, NEC
PB90-188905
Test and Evaluation of a Polymer Membrane Preconcentrator
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Radian Corp.
K.E. Hummel and T.P. Nelson
Apr 90, 171p, EPA-600/2-90-016, PC A08/MF A01
Abstract: The report gives results of an evaluation of the applica-
bility of membrane systems as a preconcentrator and defines operating
parameters of a membrane system. Advantages of such a system are po-
tential reductions in cost for subsequent control systems. The
evaluation is part of a Joint EPA/California Air Resources Board in-
vestigation of the potential of membrane technology on VOC emissions.
Tests of various membrane materials and configurations have been con-
ducted. The polymeric membrane has been used for a number of years as
a concentrating step for various liquid and gaseous streams, including
the removal of large molecule organics from waste water streams, hy-
drogen separation, and C02 recovery. A polymer membrane is an ultra-
thin layer of a selective polymer, supported on a porous sublayer.
The membrane (active layer) selectively filters the pollutant mole-
cules. A potentially innovative application of BeBbzan* technology
may be to concentrate VOCs from exhaust gases such as solvent oven-
drying exhaust. A preconcentrator membrane could be used to reduce
the size and, in turn, the capital and operating costs of a conven-
tional VOC control device such as a carbon adsorber or incinerator.
Study results do not, however, verify that a membrane preconcentrator
is a viable option to reduce overall pollution control costs.
CL-SOLVENT SOLVENTS
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EPA
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RISK ASSESSMENT
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PB90-192006
Field evaluation of a Righ Volume Surface Sampler for Pesticides in
Floor Dust
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ARIAL
Research Triangle Inst.
W.T. Budd, J.W. Robert*, and M.G. Ruby
Mar 90, 54p, EPA-600/3-90-030, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: House dust end the pollutants carried with it are important
contributors to total exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and skin
penetration, especially for small children. Pesticides may be one of
the more Important contaminants of house dust. The report describes
a pilot study conducted in 9 homes in Jacksonville, Florida, which
provides preliminary information on the pesticide content of floor
dust. Both the questionnaire developed for the Nonoccupational Pesti-
cide Exposure Study (NOPBS) and supplemental questionnaire were ad-
ministered in each household to develop Information on pesticide usage
and other variables that might be related to the floor dust samples.
All samples were collected from carpeted surfaces. The samples were
analyzed for 33 pesticides by GC/ECD and GC/MS following the HOPES
standard procedures. On average, 7 to 8 target pesticides were ob-
served in the indoor air samples and 11 to 12 in the floor dust. The
moat consistently observed pesticides were chlorpyrifos, with a median
concentration of about 5 ppm in the dust, and chlordane, with a median
concentration of approximately 6 ppm.
CL-PEST PESTICIDES
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
2921-88-2 CHLORPYRIFOS
57-74-9 CHLORDANE
PB90-192014
Field Demonstration for Mobile FT-IR for Detection of Volatile Organic
Chemicals
EPA, Las Vegas, NV, EMSL
W-G. Fateley, R.M. Hammaker, and D.F. Gurka
Mar 90, 116p, EPA-600/4-90-008, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: A mobile laboratory is now available to measure toxic com-
pounds in the atmosphere. The mobility of the unit allows access to
many sites in the continental United States. When the laboratory
arrives at a designated site, a high resolution Fourier transform
(FT-IR) instrument is used to measure the toxic materials, or volatile
organic compounds, in the atmosphere. The site could be a landfill,
lagoon, industrial site, chemical spill or any area where atmospheric
pollution occurs. The FT-IR instrument is capable of identifying and
quantifying atmospheric molecules at the parts per billion (ppb)
level. The path observed by the instrument could be as small as a few
meters, or as large as 600 meters in length, nearly 2,000 feet.
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-192790
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, RREL
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.
Feb 90, 61p, EPA-625/7-90-004, PC A04/MF A01
The Pesticide Formulating Industry
Abstract: Pesticide formulating facilities generate wastes during
such operations as decontamination of mixing and storage equipment,
housekeeping, and laboratory testing for quality assurance. The
wastes generated are: containers with leftover raw materials, pesti-
cide dust and scrubber water from air pollution control equipment,
volatile organic compounds, off-specification products and laboratory
analysis wastes, spills, waste sands or clays, waste rinse water and
solvent, laundry wastewater, and stormwater run-off contaminated with
pesticides. Reducing the generation of these wastes at the source, or
recycling the wastes on- or off-site, will benefit pesticide manufac-
turers by reducing raw material needs, reducing disposal costs, and
lowering the liabilities associated with hazardous waste disposal.
CL-PEST PESTICIDES
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
287 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2879 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, NEC
PB90-192915
Current Intelligence Bulletin 53. Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and
Toluenediamine (TDA): Evidence of Carcinogenicity
NIOSR
Dec 89, 29p, DHHS/PUB/NIOSH-90-101, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: Experimental studies in animals have demonstrated that
toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a carcinogen. When rats and mice were
exposed orally to commercial-grade TDI (an 80:20 mixture of 2,4- and
2,6-TDI), tumors were induced in both species. The systemic nature of
TDI carcinogenicity was demonstrated by the appearance of tumors at
multiple sites (pancreas, liver, skin, mammary glanda, and circulatory
system). Although not statistically significant, rare brain tumors
were found in rats exposed to TDI (two gliomas and one pinealoma).
Historical controls have a low Incident of gliomas and no reported in-
cidence of pinealomas. Experimental studies in animals have also
demonstrated that 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA), an hydrolysis product of
2,4-TDI, is a carcinogen. When rats and mice were exposed orally to
TDA, tumors were induced in the liver, akin, and mammary glands of
both species. The potential for TDI- or TDA-induced cancer in humans
has not been determined, but the risk of developing cancer should be
decreased by reducing exposure to TDI and TDA in the workplace.
NIOSH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUP.
TT TOXICITY TESTING
2S471-S2-5 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE
SAFETY AND HEALTH
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PB90-194754
Industrial Mastewater Volatile Organic Compound Emissions. Background
Intonation for BACT/LAER Determination*.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC
Radian Corporation
J. Elliott and S. Natklns
Jan 90, 402p, EPA-450/3-90-004, PC A18/HF A03
Abstract: The purpose of the Control Technology Center (CTC) is to
provide technical information to States on estimating and controlling
volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions from the collection and
treatment of industrial wastewaters for Best Available Control Tech-
nology (BACT) and Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) determina-
tions. Technical guidance projects focus on topics of national or
regional interest that are identified through contact with State and
Local agencies. The document addresses new and modified major
sources, as defined In Parts C and D of the Clean Air Act (CAA).
Steam stripping to remove the organic compounds in certain wastewater
streams at the point of generation (prior to contacting the atmo-
sphere) is the recommended control strategy. The document presents a
description of the sources of organic containing wastewater, VOC emis-
sion estimation procedures for treatment and collection system units,
and available VOC emission control strategies.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PB90-195736
EIS (Environmental Impact Statement) NESHAPS (National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants) for Radionuclldes
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Sep 89, 1732p In 4 volumes, PC E99/MF E99
Abstract: The EPA is promulgating NESHAPs for radionuclides. An EIS
has been prepared in support of the rulemaking. The EIS consists of
the following 3 volumes: Vol. 1 - Risk Assessment Methodology (PB90-
195744, EPA-520/1-89-005, PC A12/MF A02). The document contains chap-
ters on hazard identification, movement of radionuclides through en-
vironmental pathways, radiation dosimetry, estimating the risk of
health effects resulting from exposure to low levels of ionizing radi-
ation, and a summary of the uncertainties in calculations of dose and
risks. Vol. 2 - Risk Assessments (PB90-195751, EPA-520/1-89-006-1, PC
A24/MF A03, and Appendixes to Vol. 2, PB90-195769, EPA-520/1-89-006-2,
PC A16/MF A02). The document contains a chapter on each radionucllde
source category studied. The chapters Include an introduction, cate-
gory description, process description, control technology, health im-
pact assessment, supplemental control technology, and cost. It has
an appendix which contains the inputs to all the computer runs used to
generate the risk assessment. Vol. 3 - Economic Assessment (PB90-
195777, EPA-520/1-89-007, PC A23/MF A03). Each Chapter, on a radionu-
clide source category studied, includes an introduction, industry pro-
file, summary of emissions, risk levels, the benefits and costs of
emission controls, and economic impact evaluations.
CL-RAD RADIATION
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NESHAP NATL DOS STD HAZ AP
10 METAL MINING
109 MISCELLANEOUS METAL ORES
1094 URANIUM-RADIUM-VANADIUM ORES
14 NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
147 CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERALS
1475 PHOSPHATE ROCK
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
281 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS
2819 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS, NEC
286 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
2869 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NEC
287 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2874 PHOSPKATIC FERTILIZERS
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
493 COMBINATION UTILITY SERVICES
4931 ELECTRIC AND OTHER SERVICES COMBINED
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
51 WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
519 MISC. NONDURABLE GOODS
5191 FARM SUPPLIES
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PB90-200288
Compendium of Method* for the Determination of Air Pollutants in
Indoor Air
CPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ARSAL
Engineering Science
H.T. Ninberry, et al.
Apr 90, 845p, KPA-600/4-90-010, PC A99/MF E06
Abstract: Determination of pollutant* in indoor air is a complex task.
because of the wide variety of compounds ofinterest and the lack of
standardized sampling and analysis procedures. To assist agencies and
persons responsible for sampling and analysis of indoor pollutants,
the methods compendium provides current, technically-reviewed sampling
and analysis procedures in a standardized format for determination of
selected pollutants of primary importance in indoor air. Each chapter
contains one or More active or passive sampling procedures along with
one or more appropriate analytical procedures. The ten chapters of
the compendium cover determination of volatile organic compounds, nic-
otine, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, air exchange rate, nitrogen
dioxide, formaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene and other polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, acid gases and aerosols, partlculate matter, and pesti-
cides. As further advancements are made, the procedures may be modi-
fied or updated, or additional methods may be added as appropriate.
CL-ACID ACIDIC COMPOUNDS INCLUDING ACID GASES
CL-PAH POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CL-PEST PESTICIDES
CL-PM PARTICULATK MATTER
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
10102-44-0 NITROGEN DIOXIDE
124-38-9 CARBON DIOXIDE
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
50-32-8 BENZO(A)PYRENE
54-11-5 L-NICOTINE
630-08-0 CARBON MONOXIDE
PB90-213B93
DEGADIS (DEnse GAs Dispersion) Model, Version 2.1. User's Guide
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
PEI Associates, Inc.
T.O. Spicer and J.A. Havens
Nov 89, 427p, EPA-450/4-89-019, PC A19/MP A03
Abstract: An improved Jet -Plume model has been interfaced with
DEGADIS to provide for prediction of the trajectory and dilution of
elevated dense gas Jets to ground contact. DEGADIS predicts the ensu-
ing ground-level plume dispersion. The Jet-Flame model provides fori
automatic adjustment of integration step-size (using the Runge-Kutta-
Gill method as in DEGADIS) ; elliptical plume shape (cross-section) ,
with air entrainment specified consistent with the Pasquill-Gifford
plume dispersion coefficient representation of atmospheric turbulent
entrainment; user specification of averaging time; ground reflection
when the plume (lower) boundary reaches ground level; and application
to scenarios where the plume remains aloft .
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-215419
National Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Program. Proficiency
Report
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
ICF, Inc.
Jul 90, 18tp, EPA-520/1-90-017, PC A09/MF A01
Abstract: The report will assist State, EPA Regions, and local gov-
ernment officials in providing advice to the public on the selection
of proficient radon mitigation contractors. The Proficiency Report is
a listing of 895 contractors who have met the requirements of EPA's
National Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Program as of May 19,
1990. Each contractor is listed by name, RCP identification number,
company name, address, phone number, and geographic service area.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
17 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
179 MISC. SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
1799 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS, NEC
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PB90-216532
Assessment of VOC Emissions from Fiberglass Boat Manufacturing
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Radian Corporation
M.B. Stockton and I.R. Kuo
May 90, lOlp, BPA-600/2-90-019, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: The report presents an assessment of volatile organic coax-
pound (VOC) emissions fro* fiberglass boat manufacturing. A descrip-
tion of the industry structure is presented, including estimates of
the number of facilities, their size, and geographic distribution.
The fiberglass boat manufacturing process is described, along with
sources and types of VOC emissions. Model plants representative of
typical facilities are also described. Estimates of VOC emissions
presented on per plant and national bases. VOC emissions from this
industry consist mainly of styrene emission from gel coating and lami-
nation, and acetone or other solvent emissions frcn clean-up activi-
ties. Finally, potential VOC control technologies are evaluated for
this Industry, including a discussion of technical feasibility.
Limited cost data are also presented.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIROHMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
100-42-5 STYRENE
37 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
373 SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING
3732 BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING
67-64-1 ACETONE
PB90-216797
Hospital Haste Incinerator Field Inspection and Source Evaluation
Manual
EPA, Washington, DC, SSCD
Midwest Research Inst.
S. Smith, et al.
Feb 69, 223p, EPA-340/1-89-001, PC A10/MF A02
Abstract: The manual summarizes the information necessary for con-
ducting field inspections of hospital waste incinerators. The manual
is intended for use by Federal, State, and local field inspectors.
The document presents the following information: (a) basic inspection
procedures, (b) description: of the typss of hospital wast* incin«t-
ators, (c) descriptions of air pollution control systems which might
be used on hospital incinerators, and (d) inspection techniques for
hospital incinerators. Inspection checklists also are provided.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIR01MENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RDG REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
80 HEALTH SERVICES
806 HOSPITALS
PB90-217084
Guide for Determining Compliance with the Clean Air Act Standards for
Radionuclide Emissions from NRC-Licensed and Non-DOE Federal
Facilities. (Revision 1)
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Oct 90, 70p, EPA-520/1-89-002, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The report provides guidance for determining compliance
with one of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants (NESHAPs) covering facilities not operated by the DOE, that
could emit Radionuclides to the Air. (40 CFR 61, Subpart 1).
CL-RAD RADIATION
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RDG REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
PB90-218611
Portable Instruments User's Manual for Monitoring VOC Sources
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
PEI Associates, Inc.
J. Busik and M. Cunningham
Jun 86, 144p, EPA-340/1-86-015, PC A07/MF A01
Abstract: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promul-
gated New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP's) for several catego-
ries of sources that emit volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and that
require monitoring with portable detection instruments. The manual
presents information on the principles of operation of currently
available portable monitors and the field inspection techniques for
the monitor's safe use in both screening and compliance determina-
tions. The manual is intended to be used by State and local agencies.
The level of the Inspection performed is often determined by the com-
pliance history of the source and the regulatory requirements. The
EPA has published Reference Method 21 to provide a technical method to
test for leaks from these sources. Method 21 allows the user to se-
lect one of several instruments available on the market if they meet
the specifications and performance requirements, discussed in Section
2. A summary of the published specifications of many of the portable
VOC monitors is presented in the manual.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA EnvIROwuNTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RDG REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
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PB90-222704
Testing of Indoor Radon Reduction Techniques in Central Ohio Houses:
Phase 2 (Winter 1988-1989)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Acres International Corp.
N.O. Pindlay, A. Robertson, and A.G. Scott
May 90, 299p, EPA-600/8-90-050, PC A13/MT A02
Abstract: The report gives results of tests of developmental indoor
radon reduction techniques in nine slab-on-grada and four crawl-space
houses near Dayton, Ohio. The slab-on-grade tests indicated that,
when there is a good layer of aggregate under the slab, the sub-slab
ventilation (SSV) mitigation technique, with only one or two auction
pipes, can generally reduce Indoor concentrations below 2 pCi/L (86 to
99% reduction). These reductions can be achieved even when: there
are forced-air supply ducts under the slab; the slab is large (up to
2600 sq ft); and the foundation walls are hollow block. Operating the
SSV system in suction always gave greater reductions than did operat-
ing in pressure. The crawl-space tests demonstrated that depressurlz-
ing under a plastic liner over the crawl-space floor was able to re-
duce living-area radon concentrations below 2 pCi/L (81 to 96% reduc-
tion) . The performance of such sub-liner dapressurization gave better
reductions than did crawl-space ventilation (blowing air into, or out
of, the crawl space). Completely covering the crawl-space floor with
plastic sheeting was not always necessary to get adequate performance.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
PB90-226614
Locating and Estimating Air Toxics Emissions from Sewage Sludge
Incinerators
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
L. Lamb, C.B. Bricklay, and R. Dykes
May 90, B3p, EPA-450/2-90-009, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: The document is intended to assist groups interested in
inventorying air emissions of various potentially toxic subatances
from sewage sludge incinerators. Its intended audience includes
Federal, State and local air pollution personnel. The document pre-
sents information on the process description of the various types of
sewage sludge incinerators and their air pollution control equipment.
Emission factors are presented for each major type of sewage sludge
incinerators for the following: metals including arsenics, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, and nickel; and organ!cs Including chlorinated di-
benzo-p-dtozins, dibenzofurans, benzene, chlorinated benzenes and
phenol.
CL-METAL METALLIC COMPOUNDS
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
108-95-2 PHENOL
132-64-9 DIBENZOFURAN
262-12-4 DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4952 SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
71-43-2 BENZENE
7440-02-0 NICKEL
7440-38-2 ARSENIC AND COMPOUNDS AS AS
7440-41-7 BERYLLIUM
7440-43-9 CADMIUM
7440-47-3 CHROMIUM
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PB90-228610
Available Model* for Estimating Emissions Resulting from Bioremedi-
ation Processes: A Review
EPA, Athena, CA, ERL
AQUA TERRA Consultant*
S. Sharp-Hanaen
Mar 90, 275p, IPA-600/3-90-031, PC A12/MF A02
Abstract: The uae of bioremediation processes to treat hazardous
waste has increased in the last 10 years. Biological treatment offers
the advantage of contaminant destruction rather than transfer to other
edia. There ia concern, however, that significant amounts of organic
pollutants are emitted to the air fro* biological treatment activities
before they can be degraded. To estimate the magnitude of emissions
from these facilities, overall fate models that incorporate the ef-
fects of several competing removal mechanisms are needed. The report
focuses on the state-of-the-art in modeling air emissions from biore-
mediation processes. The biological treatment systems are described,
as are the important pathwaya that affect the fate of organic pollu-
tants in those systems. Currently available models are identified,
described, and evaluated for each bioremediation process. Finally,
some limitations of the models and the need for additional research
are discussed.
CL-ORGANIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA BNVIROWflENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
PB90-228B26
Municipal Haste Combustion Multipollutant Study, Emission Test Report.
Maine Energy Recovery Company Refuse Derived Fuel Facility, Blddeford
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC AEERL
Midwest Research Inst.
G. Schell, et al.
Jul 89, 1358p in 3 volumes, EPA-600/8-89-064A-C, PC E99/MF E99
Abstract: Volume 1 - Summary of Results (PB90-228834, PC A08/MF A01).
The report gives results of an emission test for a new municipal solid
waste combustor in Biddeford, ME that burns refuse-derived fuel and is
equipped with a lime spray dryer fabric filter (SD/FF) emission con-
trol system. Control efficiency of the SD/FF emission control system
was measured for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated di-
benzofurans, particulate matter (PM), cactalum, chromium, arsenic,
lead, mercury, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Additional
continuous monitoring was conducted for oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and total hydrocarbons. VoliBM 2 (PB90-228
842, PC A25/MF A04) contains the data collected by methods described
in Vol. 1, including analyses, tables, graphs, and results. Volume 3
(PB90-228859, PC A99/MF A04) is a continuation of Vol. 2, and contains
results, numerical analysis, tables, and graphs.
CL-DIOXIN DIOXINS
CL-FURAN FURANS
CL-HCARB HYDROCARBONS
CL-LRAD LEAD COMPOUNDS
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
124-38-9 CARBON DIOXIDE
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
630-08-0 CARBON MONOXIDE
7439-97-6 MERCURY
7440-38-2 ARSENIC AND COMPOUNDS AS AS
7440-43-9 CADMIUM
7440-47-3 CHROMIUM
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
7647-01-0 KYDROGEK CHLORIDE
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PB90-237116
Risk Assessment, Management, Communication: A Guide to Selected
Source*. Volume 3, Number 1
EPA, Washington, DC, 01PM
Mar 89, 125p, EPA-IMSD-89-004A, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: Thl« la the Tenth update to the March 1987 publication
entitled Riak Assessment, Management, Communication: A Guide to
Selected Source*. Thi* *erle« of rlak manageaent bibliographies is
divided Into three major sections: assessment, management, communica-
tion. Included In the Issue are citations published between September
1988 and March 1989. The original guide was followed by three quar-
terly updates. These earlier updates constitute Volume One of the
current semiannual series.
EPA
RA
RC
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK COMMUNICATION
PB90-242314
Emission Factors for Iron and Steel Sources: Criteria and Toxic
Pollutants
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc.
H.R. Barnard
Jun 90, 173p, EPA-600/2-90-024, PC A08/MT A01
Abstract: The report provides a comprehensive set of emission factors
for sources of both criteria and toxic air pollutants in integrated
iron and steel plants and specialty electric arc shops (mini-mills).
Emission factors are identified for process sources, and process and
open source fugitive emissions. The emission factors are not specific
to any one facility, (mission factors for gray iron foundries and the
ferro-alloy industry are not Included.
CL-HAPS TITLE III HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
33 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
331 BLAST FURNACE AND BASIC STEEL PRODUCTS
3312 BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL MILLS
332 IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES
PB90-244393
Testing of Indoor Radon Reduction Techniques In 19 Maryland Houses
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
CDM Federal Programs Corp.
D.G. Gilroy and N.M. Kaschak
Jun 90, 289p, EPA-600/8-90-056, PC A13/MF A02
Abstract: The report gives results of testing of indoor radon reduc-
tion techniques in 19 houses in Maryland. The focus was on passive
measures: various passive soil depressurization methods, where natu-
ral wind and temperature effects are utilized to develop suction in
the system; and sealing of radon entry routes into the house. Active
(fan-assisted) soil depressurization techniques were also tested.
Passive soil depressurization systems typically gave moderate radon
reductions (30-70%), although the reductions ranged from zero to 90%.
Only two houses were reduced <4 pCi/L with the passive systems. A
passive system is most likely to be successful when sub-slab-communi-
cation is very good, when the house has a basement with no adjoining
slab-on-grade or crawl-space wings, and when the foundation walls are
poured concrete instead of hollow block. Entry route sealing as a
stand-alone radon mitigation measure gave zero-50% reduction in the
only house where it was tested. Active soil depressurization, tested
in 18 houses, reduced 16 of them <4 pCi/L, and 12 of them <2 pCi/L;
reductions were often >90%. Poor sub-slab communication prevented
this approach from being fully successful in the other two houses;
later modifications to these two systems reduced these houses <4 pCi/L
also.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
PB90-247453
Evaluation of Strategies for Promoting Effective Radon Mitigation.
Risk Communication and Economic Research Series
EPA, Washington, DC, OPPE
Colorado University at Boulder
J.K. Doyle, et al.
Mar 90, 193p, EPA-230/02-90-075, PC A09/MF A02
Abstract: The Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that as
many as 20,000 lung cancer death* per year in the United States can be
attributed to exposure to radon gas. The report evaluates alternative
strategies for motivating people to test for radon gas in their homes
and to mitigate if necessary. Specifically, two separate radon in-
formation and awareness programs were evaluated, one targeted to the
general population in the Washington, D.C. area and the other to home
buyers in the Boulder, Colorado area. The results suggest that a home
buyer program is likely to be far more effective In terms of effective
remediation to reduce home radon levels than a program aimed at the
general population. The report discusses the empirical findings and
develops a recommendation for increasing the effectiveness of radon
awareness and mitigation program*.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
RC RISK COMMUNICATION
10043-92-2 RADON
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PB90-247467
Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic Clinical Manufacturing
Industry. Background information for Promulgated Standard*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Jun 90, 136p, EPA-450/3-83-005B, PC A07/MF A01
Abstract: Standard* of performance for the control of volatile organ-
ic compound (VOC) emission* from distillation unit operation* in the
synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry are being promul-
gated under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. The*e standards will
apply to VOC emission* from newly constructed, modified, and recon-
structed distillation unit*. The document summarizes the responses to
public comment* received on the proposed standards and the basis for
change* made since proposal.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PB90-24749S
Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Industry: Background Information for Promulgated Standards
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Jun 90, 80p, EPA-450/3-82-001B, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: Standard* of performance for the control of volatile organ-
ic compound (VOC) emissions from air oxidation processes in the syn-
thetic organic chemical manufacturing industry are being promulgated
under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards will apply to
VOC emission* from newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed air
oxidation processes. The document summarizes the response* to public
comment* received on the proposed standards and the basis for changes
made since proposal.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PB9Q-250135
Measurements of Exhaled Breath Using a New Portable Sampling Method
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AREAL
Research Triangle Inst.
I.D. Pellixiari, et al.
Jul 90, 313p, EPA-600/3-90-049, PC A14/MF A02
Abstract: Breath measurement* offer the potential for a direct and
noninvaalve evaluation of human exposure to volatile organic compound*
(VOC*) in the environment* in which people live and work. The re-
search study was conducted to further develop the potential of this
exposure assessment methodology. A new alveolar breath measurement
technique was developed and tested. Air samples were collected in 32
microenvironments and above 6 consumer products to determine a few
potential source* of human exposures to selected VOCs. Elimination
half-live* were estimated using a mono- and biexponential model. The
alveolar breath collection and analysis methodology proved to be very
useful for collecting many samples in short time interval* and this
capability waa very important for accurately describing the Initial
phase of the decay curve*. Analysis of microenvironment air samples
from hones, businesses, workplaces, vehicles, etc., revealed a wide
range of potential sources of human exposures to VOCs at concentra-
tions from 1 to 16,000 microg/cu m.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EA EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-252495
Reactor Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Industry. Background Information for Proposed Standards
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Jun 90, 391p, EPA-450/3-90-01CA, PC A17/MF A03
Abstract: Standards of performance for the control of volatile organ-
ic compound (VOC) emissions from new, modified, and reconstructed re-
actor process units used in the manufacture of synthetic organic chem-
icals are being proposed under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. The
document contains background information on the industry and processes
concerned and environmental and economic impact assessments of the
regulatory alternatives considered in developing the proposed stan-
dards.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
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PB9Q-2549S8
Evaluation of Emission Factor* for Formaldehyde from Certain Wood
Processing Operations. Final Report, May-August 1989
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Radian Corporation
T.S. Kbit*
Jun 90, 33p, EPA-600/8-90-052, PC A03/MT A01
Abstract: The report gives results of a search for information on
formaldehyde emissions from wood veneer operation*, to develop emis-
ion factor* for the industry. Formaldehyde releases of 246 kg were
reported under Title 111 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriza-
tion Act (SARA) of 1986 frost a large plywood plant in Mississippi.
However, existing data found during the study period were insufficient
to allow reliable emission factor* to be calculated.
KF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
24 LUMBER AND HOOD PRODUCTS
243 MILUfORK, PLYWOOD « STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
2435 HARDWOOD VENEER AND PLYWOOD
2436 SOFTWOOD VENEER AND PLYWOOD
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
PB90-255662
Air/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study Series. Development
of Example Procedure* for Evaluating the Air Impacts of Soil
Excavation Associated with Superfund Remedial Action*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
PE1 Associates, Inc.
G.L. Saunders
Jul 90, 80p, EPA-450/4-90-014, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: The purpose of the project was to identify and define the
computation requirements for estimating the air impacts from the re-
mediation of Superfund sites. Two example sites employing soil ex-
cavation were selected because they represent a complex emission
source. The procedures for the evaluation of the ambient impacts were
divided into several subtasks. These included site characterization,
selection of remedial alternatives, definition of remedial activities,
estimation of emission rates for each remedial activity, determination
of ambient concentrations from dispersion modeling, and evaluation of
carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks based on dispersion modeling
results. The calculation of emission rates were used to estimate am-
bient impacts through dispersion models. The purpose was to outline a
set of procedures that could be used, with existing tools, to assist
in the evaluation of air-pathway effects.
CL-HAZWAST HAZARDOUS WASTES
DM DISPERSION MODELING
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RA RISK ASSESSMENT
RDG REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
PB90-256405
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, RREL
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.
Jun 90, 74p, EPA-625/7-90-005, PC A04/MF A01
The Paint Manufacturing Industry
Abstract: Paint manufacturing facilities generate large quantities
of both hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. These wastes are: equip-
ment cleaning wastewater and waste solvent, filter cartridges, off-
spec paint, spills, leftover containers; and pigment dusts from air
pollution control equipment. Reducing the generation of these wastes
at the source, or recycling the wastes on- or off-site, will benefit
paint manufacturer* by reducing raw material needs, reducing disposal
costs; and lowering the liabilities associated with hazardous waste
disposal. The guide provide* an overview of the paint manufacturing
processes and operations that generate waste and presents options for
minimizing the waste generation through source reduction or recycling.
CL-HAZWAST HAZARDOUS WASTES
CL-SOLVENT SOLVENTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
285 PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
2851 PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PB90-256413
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Printed Circuit Board
Manufacturing Industry
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, RREL
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.
Jun 90, 84p, EPA-625/7-90-007, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: The guide identifies and analyzes waste minimization
methodologies appropriate for the printed circuit board manufacturing
industry. The wastes resulting from printed circuit board manufactur-
ing are associated with five types of processes: cleaning and surface
preparation; catalyst application and electroless plating; pattern
printing and masking; electroplating; and etching. The wastes them-
selves Include airborne particulates, spent acids and alkaline solu-
tions, spent solvents, spent plating baths, waste rinsewater, and
other wastes. The guide also presents a set of detailed waste minimi-
zation assessment worksheets suitable for use by shop manager* and
engineers, or by outside consultant*, to formulate a waste minimiza-
tion strategy for the particular plant. Finally, case histories of
waste minimization assessments performed at three plants are given.
CL-ACID ACIDIC COMPOUNDS INCLUDING ACID GASES
CL-ALKYLPB ALKYL LEAD COMPOUNDS
CL-HAZWAST HAZARDOUS WASTES
CL-METAL METALLIC COMPOUNDS
CL-PM PARTICOLATE MATTER
CL-SOLVENT SOLVENTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
36 ELECTRONIC « OTHER ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT
367 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES
3672 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
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PB90-256421
Guides to Pollution Prevention: Selected Hospital Haste Streams
BPA, Cincinnati, OH, RREL
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.
Jun 90, 52p, EPA-625/7-90-009, PC A04/MT A01
Abstract: The hazardous wastes generated by general medical and sur-
gical hospitals are small in volume relative to those of industrial
facilities; however, the wastes are of a wide variety. Some of the
hazardous materials used by hospitals that become part of their waste
streams include chemotherapy and antlneoplastic chemicals, solvents,
formaldehyde, photographic chemicals, radionuclides, mercury, waste
anesthetic gases; and other toxic, corrosive and miscellaneous chemi-
cals. Additional wastes such as infectious waste, incinerator ex-
haust, laundry-related waste, utility wastes, and trash were not ad-
dressed in the guide. Reducing the generation of these materials at
the source, or recycling the wastes on- or off-site, will benefit
hospitals by reducing disposal costs and lowering the liabilities
associated with hazardous waste disposal. The guide provides an over-
view of hospital waste generating processes and presents options for
minimizing waste generation through source reduction and recycling.
CL-CHSMOTH CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS
CL-HAZWAST HAZARDOUS HASTES
CL-PHARM PHARMACEUTICALS
CL-RAD RADIATION
CL-SOLVXNT SOLVENTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
7439-97-6 MERCURY
80 HEALTH SERVICES
806 HOSPITALS
PB90-257767
Engineering Design Criteria for Sub-Slab Depressurization Systems
in Low-Permeability Soils
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Southern Research Inst.
C.S. Fowler, et al.
Aug 90, 94p, EPA-600/8-90-063, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: The report describes the development of engineering design
criteria for the successful design, installation, and operation of
sub-slab depressurization systems, based on radon (Rn) mitigation ex-
perience on 14 slab-on-grads houses in South Central Florida. The
Florida houses are characterized as being hard to mitigate because of
low sub-slab permeabilities. Premitigation indoor Rn concentrations
ranged from 10 to 100 pCi/L. Mitigation experience and results have
been combined into tables and graphs that can be used to determine
recommended numbers and placement criteria for suction holes. Fan and
exhaust pipe size selection is assisted by other tabulated and derived
information. Guidance for installation of the sub-slab system to en-
hance the system's operation and effectiveness is also provided. This
guidance is reported in the form of a design manual for use by mitiga-
tors when they are dealing with houses similar to these.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
PB90-257791
Radon Mitigation Studies: Nashville Demonstration
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Southern Research Inst.
B.E. Pyle and A.D. Williamson
Jul 90, 283p, EPA-600/8-90-061, PC A13/MF A02
Abstract: The report gives results of an EPA radon mitigation demon-
stration project involving 14 houses in the Nashville, TN, area with
indoor radon levels of 5.6-47.6 pCi/L, using a variety of techniques,
designed to be the most cost effective methods possible to implement,
and yet adequately reduce radon levels to < 4 pCi/L. For crawl space
houses, the techniques included sealing openings between living areas
and crawl spaces and then passively venting the crawl spaces, depres-
surizing the crawl spaces, depressurizing under polyethylene sheeting
in the crawl spaces, and depressurizing the crawl space soil itself.
For basement and basement/crawl space combination houses, the tech-
niques Included sub-slab pressurization and depressurization, block
wall depressurization, and combinations of these techniques with some
of those listed above Cor exposed soil areas. Post-mitigation worst-
case radon levels in these houses were generally from < 1 to about 5
pCi/L, wiht one house near 15 pCi/L. These houses are currently being
followed with alphatrack detectors to assess the long term exposure
levels.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
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PB90-259714
BACT/LUR Clearinghouse: A Compilation of Control Technology
Determination*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
PIT Associates, Inc.
Jun 90, 1630p in 4 volumes, IPA-4SO/3-90-015A-0, PC E99/MF E99
Abatract: Volume 1 - Report Summary and Appendices A-G (PB90-259722,
PC A10/MT A02); Volume 2 - Appendix H, Source Codes 1-3 (PB90-259730,
PC A17/MF A02); Volume 3 - Appendix H, Source Codes 4-6 (PB90-2S9748,
PC A23/MF A03); Volume 4 - Appendix H, Source Codes 7-12 (PB90-2S97S5,
PC A21/MF A03). The Clean Air Act as amended in 1977 prescribes sev-
eral technology-based limitations affecting new or aodified air pollu-
tion sources: (1) new source performance standards (NSPS); (2) best
available control technology (BACT); and (3) lowest achievable emis-
sion rate (LAIR). The basic purposes of the BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
are to: (1) provide State and local air pollution control agencies
with current information on case-by-case control technology determina-
tions that are made nationwide and (2) promote communication, coopera-
tion, and sharing of control technology information among the permit-
ting agencies. The information presented in this compilation was ab-
stracted from preconstruction permits and submitted voluntarily by the
State and local air pollution control agencies. The Clearinghouse is
intended as a reference for State and local air agencies in making
BACT/LAER decisions. This report is the 5-year compilation containing
all determinations inserted or updated since June 1985.
CT
EPA
RDC
CHTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
PB90-259862
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Public Review Draft
EPA, Washington, DC, OAR
Jun 90, 80p, EPA-400/6-90-004, PC A05/MF A01
A Guide to Workplace Smoking Policies.
Abstract: The publication is designed to help the non-expert under-
stand the technical basis for smoking restrictions and to provide
guidelines for implementing them. It explains the physical and chemi-
cal nature of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), how ETS exposure oc-
curs, how it is measured, and the health effects of exposure. It
examines passive smoking in the workplace and other sites, and exam-
ines legislative, legal, financial, educational and labor concerns.
It includes different strategies for reducing exposure to smoking at
the workplace along with the case studies of policies that have been
successfully implemented. Finally it contains a list of resources for
those interested in additonal Information.
CL-ETS ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
PB90-259870
Analysis of Air Toxics Emissions, Exposures, Cancer Risks and Control-
lability in Five Urban Areas. Volume 2. Controllability Analysis and
Results
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
J. Nilaon, et al.
Apr 90, 107p, EPA-450/2-89-012B, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: The report (Volume 2) is the second phase of a study to de-
fine the urban air toxics problem and to discern what combination of
control measures can best be employed to mitigate the problem. Volume
1 of the study documented the base year analysis (nominally the year
1980), involving dispersion modeling of emissions data for 25 carcino-
genic air toxics in five U.S. urban areas and a subsequent assessment
of estimated aggregate cancer incidence. The Volume 2 report applies
various control strategies and analyzes the resulting reduction in
aggregate cancer incidence that would occur between 1980 and 1995.
Control scenarios consisted (1) efforts that were currently underway
to reduce air toxics emissions at the time of the study, (2) efforts
that were expected to occur by 1995, mainly national standards that
were under development, and (3) a series of selected more rigorous
controls.
CL-ALDEKTD ALDEHYDES
CL-CHC CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS
CL-PAH POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RA RISK ASSESSMENT
106-99-0 BUTADIENE,1,3-
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
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ro
i
ro
CO
PB90-259888
Idaho Radionuclide Study (Radionuclide Exposure Study, Pocatello and
Soda Springs, Idaho)
EPA, Las Vegas, NV, ORP
Apr 90, 57p, EPA-520/6-90-008, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The report give* the results of a radionuclida exposure
study conducted by EPA in southeastern Idaho to estimate the radiation
dose resulting from the elemental phosphorus industry. The dispersion
of radionucllde* through the environs of Pocatello and Soda Springs,
Idaho were investigated together with the relative importance of their
sources and pathways affecting the populations of both towns and the
magnitude of the attendant risks. Gamma ray exposures to the popula-
tions of Soda Springs and Pocatello, with the attendant risks, and the
corresponding value* for average and maximally exposed individuals in
both comnunitles are listed.
CL-RAD RADIATION
EA EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
13981-52-7 POLONIUM-210
14 NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
147 CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERALS
1475 PHOSPHATE ROCK
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
281 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS
2819 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS, NEC
PB90-261561
Development of Risk Assessment Methodology for Surface Disposal of
Municipal Sludge
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, ECAO
Aug 90, 255p, EPA-600/6-90-001, PC A12/MF A02
Abstract: This is one of a series of reports that present methodolo-
gies for assessing the potential risks to humans or other organisms
from the disposal or reuse of municipal sludge. The sludge management
practices addressed by the series include land application practices,
distribution and marketing programs, landfilling, surface disposal,
Incineration and ocean disposal. In particular, these reports provide
methods for evaluating potential health and environmental risks from
toxic chemical* that may be present in sludge. The document addresses
risk* from chemical* ociated with surface disposal of municipal
sludge. These proposed risk assessment procedures are designed as
tool* to assist in the development of regulations for sludge manage-
ment practices. The procedures are structured to allow calculation of
technical criteria for sludge disposal/reuse options based on the po-
tential for adverse health or environmental impacts. The criteria may
address management practices (such a* site design or process control
specifications), limits on sludge disposal rate* or limits on toxic
chemical concentrations in the sludge.
CL-SEWSLUD SEWAGE SLUDGE
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RA RISK ASSESSMENT
49 ELECTRIC, CAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4952 SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
PB90-261652
Health Effect* of Passive Smoking: Assessment of Lung Cancer In
Adults and Respiratory Disorders in Children
EPA, Washington, DC, OHEA
K.G. Brown
May 90, 280p, EPA-600/6-90-006A, PC A13/MF A02
Abstract: The draft document addresses the scientific, mostly epide-
miologic, evidence on the potential association between passive smok-
ing or Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and lung cancer in nonsmoking
adult*, and respiratory disorders in children. With respect to lung
cancer in adults the draft report concludes that ETS is causally as-
sociated with lung cancer in nonsmoking adult* and that according to
EPA guideline* for carcinogen risk assessment, ETS is a Group A (known
human) carcinogen; and that approximately 3800 lung cancer deaths per
year among nonsBokers (never-mokers and former smokers) of both sexes
in the United States are attributable to ETS. Hith respect to respi-
ratory effect* in children, ETS exposure from parental smoking, espe-
cially during infancy, is associated with increased prevalence of
acute lower-respiratory tract infections (bronchitis and pneumonia),
symptoms of irritation (cough, sputum, wheeze), and middle ear effu-
sions (a sign of chronic middle ear disease). It also concludes that
ETS is associated with reduced lung function and with a small reduc-
tion in the rate of pulmonary growth and development in children of
mothers who smoke during their early childhood.
CL-ETS ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HA HEALTH ASSESSMENT
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PB90-263013
Characterization of Kerosene Heater Emissions Inside Two Mobile Hones
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ARKAL
R.M. Burton, et al.
Mar 90, 10p, EPA-600/D-90-115, PC A02/MF A01
Abstract: In an effort to determine the impact of kerosene heater
emissions on indoor air quality, measurements were made in and around
two mobile homes at a rural mobile home park near Apex, NC. The samp-
ling was performed at two single-wide mobile homes equipped with kero-
sene heaters. The concentrations of acidic aerosols and gases, fine
and coarse particulate aerosol mass, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
volatile organic compounds and semivolatlles, were determined for pe-
riods of heater operation and for periods in which heaters were not
operated. Simultaneous outdoor measurements of acid aerosols and
gases, fine and coarse aerosol mass, and volatile organic compounds
were conducted to determine the contribution of outdoor pollutants to
the indoor concentrations. Comparisons between the concentrations
obtained from the analysis of outdoor, heater-on, and heater-off sam-
ples allowed the authors to examine the impacts of the kerosene emis-
sions on indoor concentrations. Concentrations of sulfatas, aerosol
strong acidity, fine and coarse aerosol mass, carbon monoxide, and
sulfur dioxide were found to be higher when the heater was operated;
however, these heater-on concentrations were comparable to those ob-
served in moderately polluted atmospheres.
CL-ACID ACIDIC COMPOUNDS INCLUDING ACID GASES
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
I CL-SVOC SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
K» CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
10 EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
630-08-0 CARBON MONOXIDE
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
PB90-263179
Unvented Kerosene Heater Emissions in Mobile Hones: Studies on Indoor
Air Particles, Semivolatile Organics, Carbon Monoxide, and Mutagenic-
ity
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, HERL
J.L. Mumford, et al.
1990, lOp, EPA-600/D-90-122, PC A02/MF A01
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess human exposure to air
pollutants from kerosene heaters in mobile homes. An estimated 15-17
million unvented kerosene heaters have been sold in the U.S.; 33% of
these to mobile hone residents. The emissions can result in high pol-
lutants levels-in mobile homes that have a small air volume and low
ventilation rate. Indoor air exchange rate, temperature, and humidity
were measured. Chemical analyses, including polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbon (PAH) and nitro PAH, also were performed on the indoor air
samples from a selected home with the kerosene heater on and off. In-
creases in CO and organic concentrations were found in most homes mon-
itored. Analyses also suggested the presence of evaporated, unburned
kerosene fuel , 56% of the sampling days (in all homes) showed muta-
genic activity on the heater-off days. In comparison with the U.S.
national ambient air standards, four out of the eight heaters investi-
gated emitted pollutants that exceeded the ambient air standards some
days. These data suggested that emissions from unvented kerosene
heaters can significantly impact indoor air quality in mobile hones
and that these emissions contain carcinogenic compounds.
CL-CARCIN CARCINOGENS
CL-PAH POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CL-SVOC SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
630-08-0 CARBON MONOXIDE
8008-20-6 NAVY FUELS JP-5
PB90-263989
EPA's Pollution Prevention R and D Approaches and Insights into the
Chemical Process Industry
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, RREL
P.M. Randall
Aug 90, 18p, EPA-600/D-90-142, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: Chemical engineers face major research challenges associ-
ated with the imperative to protect and improve the environment.
These challenges include designing optimal, less polluting chemical
plants and processes, improving air quality through research, managing
hazardous wastes responsibly, and developing multimedia approaches to
reduce the chemical risk to human health and the environment. Since
1988, the U.S. EPA has established a pollution prevention R and D pro-
gram to work with States, local governments, regional and Federal a-
gencies, and industry to encourage the Identification, development and
demonstration of pollution prevention technologies and methods to re-
duce wastes.
CL-HAZNAST HAZARDOUS HASTES
CL-SOLVENT SOLVENTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PP POLLUTION PREVENTION
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NJ
I
Id
O
PB90-265349
Interim Radon-Resistant Construction Guidelines for Use in Florida-
1989
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AIERL
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Univ.
T.D. Pugh
Aug 90, 29p, EPA-600/8-90-062, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: The report gives results of a project to investigate, ana-
lyze, and develop radon-resistant construction guidelines that are
consistent with other building codes and that could be applied to
Florida. A literature search resulted in information on radon remedi-
ation techniques, new construction methods, and existing radon-resis-
tant building codes such as those in Sweden and Canada. The identi-
fied techniques were amended, modified, or supplemented for incorpora-
tion into draft model guidelines for new construction in format con-
sistent with the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.'s
Standard Building Code. A technical review advisory committee formed
during development of the guidelines, provided input and recommended
changes to the draft guidelines. Although the project has resulted in
guidelines for recommended construction practices, they should be
coupled with a carefully planned and implemented program of experi-
mentation. Eventually, this approach will lead to building code pro-
visions that are scientifically defensible, cost effective, reliable,
and easily incorporated into standard construction practice.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
15 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
152 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
ind Toxic Pollutants
PB90-266743
Emission Factors for Iron Foundries: Criteria
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc.
G. Gschwandtner and S. Fairchild
Aug 90, 65p, EPA-600/2-90-044, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: The report lists criteria and toxic pollutant emission
factors for sources commonly found in gray and ductile iron foundries.
Emiaaion factors aire identified for process source and process fugi-
tive emissions. The emission factors, representing uncontrolled emis-
sions, may be used to estimate emissions when site-specific informa-
tion and data are not available.
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
124-38-9 CARBON DIOXIDE
33 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
332 IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES
3321 GRAY AND DUCTILE IRON FOUNDRIES
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
PB90-270554
Symposium on Regulatory Approaches for Reducing VOC Emissions from the
Use of Consumer Products, November 14-15, 1989. Proceedings
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Jan 90, 128p, EPA-450/3-90-008, PC A07/MF A01
The report documents the proceedings of an EPA-sponsored industry-
government symposium held in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
on November 14-15, 1989. The document presents an overview of vola-
tile organic carbons (VOC) regulatory programs, a status report on the
Clean Air Act amendments, and discussions of possible EPA control
strategies for consumer products, the use of market-based approaches
to the reduction of VOC emissions from the use of consumer products,
and EPA research in the area of consumer products. Presented are dis-
cussions of industry's view of regulating consumer products and de-
scriptions of consumer product regulatory activities in New York, New
Jersey, and California. Presentations dealing with product testing
and the economic impacts associated with product reformulation are
also included.
CL-CONSUMR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
CL-SOLVENT SOLVENTS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
PB90-270588
Air/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study Series. Volume 2.
Estimation of Baseline Air Emissions at Superfund Sites (Revised)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
B. Eklund and C. Schmidt
Aug 90, 390p, EPA-450/1-89-002A, PC A17/MF A03
Abstract: The report presents available methods for estimating air
emissions at Superfund hazardous waste sites prior to any remedial
action. The report revises and expands an earlier report. Procedures
For Conducting Air Pathway Analyses For Superfund Activities, Volume
II, Estimation Of Baseline Air Emissions At Superfund Sites, EPA-450/
1-89-002. The purpose of the report is to assist EPA Air and Super-
fund staff, State Air Superfund program staff, Federal and State re-
medial and removal contractors, potentially responsible parties and
others in designing, conducting, and reviewing air pathway analyses at
undisturbed hazardous waste sites.
CL-HAZHAST HAZARDOUS WASTES
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
-------
M
10
PB90-271909
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated with Dlmethylamine:
Health Issue Assessment
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ECAO
Dynamac Corp.
C.E. Rothwell, et al.
Sep 90, 74p, EPA-600/8-90-038F, PC A04/MF A01
Abstract: Chemical properties and tozicity studies for dimethylamine
(DMA) are reviewed. At 25 C, DMA is a water-soluble, colorless, flam-
mable gas, with both natural and anthropogenic sources. Body burden
of DMA is due to rapid absorption of inhaled or ingested DMA, along
with endogenous formation; urinary excretion of unmetabolized compound
is primary route of elimination. Microsomal enzymes in nose and liver
convert DMA to formaldehyde. DMA in the stomach in presence of ni-
trite and acid conditions can be converted to nitrosamines. Chronic
inhalation studies in 2 or more species indicate concentration-depen-
dent tozicity in nasal snicosa with no other tissues affected except
small decrease in body weight at 175 ppm. There is no evidence for
carcinogenicity, mutagenicity; there are no data on teratogenic or
reproductive effects. Human data available are limited to secondary
reports of eye irritation at low concentration, with nose, throat, and
lung irritation at 100 ppm DMA. Skin or eye contact produces severe
burns. Further data are needed on ambient levels and human effects.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HA HEALTH ASSESSMENT
124-40-3 DIMETHYLAMINE
PB90-274077
Identification of Candidate Houses for the North Florida Portion of
the Florida Radon Mitigation Project
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
Florida Univ., Gainesville
G.S. Roessler, et al.
Sep 90, 149p, EPA-600/8-90-070, PC A07/MF A01
Abstract: The report gives results of a study to locate candidate
houses for a proposed radon mitigation research and demonstration pro-
ject in North Florida. The effort involved: identification of target
geographical areas, radon monitoring in identified clusters, and house
characterization. Selection of target areas with a potential for ele-
vated indoor radon started with a review of a statewide radiation
study completed in 1987 and examination of the local geographic pat-
tern observed in a 1986-87 pilot study of the Gainesville area. This
effort indicated that North Florida target areas could be selected on
the basis of the near-surface occurrence of the Hawthorn geological
formation. Volunteer houses for radon monitoring in Alachua and
Marion counties were obtained by announcing the study in newspaper
articles. Screening measurements were made in about 400 target area
houses according to EPA protocols using a vendor-supplied charcoal
collector method. Results were similar in the two counties, and dis-
tributions were similar in both slab and crawl-space houses.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
PB90-274119
Radon-Resistant Residential New Construction
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AEERL
M.C. Osborne
Jul 88, 84p, EPA-600/8-88-087, PC A05/MF A01
Abstract: The manual provides builders and potential new house buyers
with a broader selection and explanation of techniques that are ex-
pected to be effective in reducing the potential for elevated radon
levels in the house. In addition, legislators, regulators, and resi-
dential code writers may choose to evaluate these radon-resistant con-
struction technologies for potential application to or modification of
existing regulations or codes applicable to residential construction.
Three approaches to resolving the radon problem in the construction of
new houses are to: (1) prevent radon entry by using barrier methods,
(2) reduce the radon entry driving forces, and (3) divert the radon
from the house through sub-slab ventilation. Radon entry routes of
concern in new construction are the same as those that have previously
been identified for existing houses. Figures provided in the report
depict the major radon entry routes for simple basement, slab-on-
grade, and crawl-space houses. Expensive control measures may be
justified if they serve multiple purposes, such as combining radon
control with water control or eliminating the need for constantly
operating a mechanical control system through a high initial cost.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
15 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
152 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
PB90-274283
Environmental Asbestos Assessment Manual.
Determination of Asbestos in Ambient Air.
EPA, Washington, DC, OERR
May 90, 121p, EPA-540/2-90-005A, PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Method for the
Part 1. Method
Abstract: The report provides a sampling and analysis method for the
determination of asbestos in the air to provide results suitable for
supporting risk assessments at Superfund sites. Part 2 presents the
technical background and considerations addressed during the develop-
ment of the method.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
1332-21-4 ASBESTOS
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K>
PB90-274291
Environmental Asbestos Assessment Manual. Superfund Mat hod for tha
Determination of Asbestos in Ambient Air. Part 2. Technical
Background
IPA, Maihington, DC, OERR
May 90, 106p, BPA-540/2-90-005B, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: Tha report provide* a campling and analyiis method for tha
detexmination of asbestos in tha air to provide results suitable for
upporting riak assessments at Suparfund sites. Part 1 preaents the
method to be used.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SS SOURCE SAMPLING
1332-21-4 ASBESTOS
PB90-500257
ISCST: Industrial Source Complex Short Tern. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Modal (for Microcomputers)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SH/DK-89-146, CP DOS
Abstract: Tha software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes, double
density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer. The
diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price includes documentation,
PB88-171475, PB88-171483, and PB88-171491. The Industrial Source Com-
plex Short-Term modal is a steady-state Gaussian plume model which can
be uaed to assess pollutant concentrations from a vide variety of
sources asaociated with an industrial source complex. Tha model can
account for settling and dry deposition of particulates, downwash,
area, line and volume aources, plume rise as a function of downward
distance, separation of point sources, and limited terrain adjustment.
Average concentration or total deposition may be calculated in 1-,
2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12- and/or 24-hour time periods. An 'N'-day
average concentration (or total deposition) over tha total number of
hours may also be computed. Software Description: The model is writ-
ten in the FORTRAN programming language for implementation on an IBM
PC microcomputer. Data is in compressed format but a dearchive utili-
ty is included.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500265
LONGZ and SHORTZ. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of
Research and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Merach
Aug 89, 2 diskettes, EPA-SW/DK-89-164, CP D03
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. Price includes documentation, PB83-
146092, PB83-146100, and PB86-244878. LONGZ is designed to calculate
the long-term and SHORTZ is designed to calculate the short-term pol-
lutant concentration produced at a large number of receptors by emis-
sions from multiple stack, building, and area sources. LONGZ usea
statistical wind summaries to calculate long-term (seasonal or annual)
average concentrations. SHORTZ uses sequential short term (usually
hourly) meteorological inputs to calculate concentrations for averag-
ing times ranging from 1 hour to 1 year. The models are applicable in
areaa of both flat and complex terrain, including areas where terrain
elevations exceed stack-top elevations. The programs require random-
access mass storage capability. Software Description: The software
is written in the FORTRAN programming language for implementation on
an IBM model 3090 computer. Tha model is distributed on a 5 1/4-inch
IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data is in compressed format but a dear-
chive utility is included.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-5Q0315
RAM. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research and
Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SH/DK-89-151, CP D01
Abstract: Tha modal is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (3fiOK)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. Price includes documentation, PB88-
113261. Gaussian-plume multiple-source air quality algorithm. RAM, a
short-term Gaussian steady-state algorithm estimates concentrations of
tabla pollutants frost urban point and srea sources. Hourly sstaoro
logical* data are used. Hourly concentrations and averages over a num-
ber of hours can be estimated. Briggs plume rise is used. Pasquill-
Gifford dispersion equations with dispersion parameters thought to be
valid for urban areas are used. Concentrations from area sources are
determined using the method of Hanna, that is, sources directly upwind
are considered representative of area source emission* affecting the
receptor. Special features include determination of locations of uni-
formly spaced receptors to ensure good area coverage with a minimum
number of receptors.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
-------
PB90-50Q323
CRSTER: EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
KPA, Research Triangle Park, HC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SN/DK-89-152, CP D01
Abstract: The nodel is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskette, compatible irith the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. Price includes documentation, PB-271
360. The algorithm estimates ground-level concentrations resulting
from up to 19 colocated elevated stack emissions for an entire year
and prints out the highest and second highest 1-, 3-, and 24-hour con-
centrations as well as the annual mean concentrations at a set of 180
receptors (5 distances by 36 azimuths). The algorithm is based on a
modified form of the steady-state Gaussian plume equation which uses
either Pasquill-Cifford or Briggs urban dispersion coefficients and
includes adjustments for plume rise and limited mixing. Terrain ad-
justments are made as long as the surrounding terrain is physically
lower than the lowest stack height input. Pollutant concentrations
for each averaging time are computed for discrete, non-overlapping
time periods (no running averages are computed) using measured hourly
values of wind speed and direction, and estimated hourly values of
atmospheric stability and mixing height. Software Description: The
model is written in the FORTRAN programming language for implementa-
tion on an IBM 3090 computer.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
w FB90-500331
PTPLU. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-153, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360R)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. Price includes documentation, PB83-
211235. PTPLU is a point source dispersion Gaussian screening model
for estimating maximum surface concentrations for 1-hour concentra-
tions. PTPLO is based upon Briggs' plume rise methods and can use
either Pasquill-Gifford or Briggs' urban dispersion coefficients.
PTPLU is an adaption and improvement of PTMAX which allows for wind
profile exponents and other optional calculations such as buoyancy in-
duced dispersion, stack downwash, and gradual plume rise. PTPLU pro-
duces an analysis of concentration as a function of wind speed and
stability class for both wind speeds constant with height and wind
speeds Increasing with height. Using the extrapolated wind speeds and
the options allows the model user a more accurate selection of dis-
tances to maximum concentration. PTPLU1 is the interactive version of
the model. Software Description: The model is written in the FORTRAN
programming language for Implementation on an IBM 3090 computer. The
software is distributed on a 5 1/4-inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette.
Data is in compressed format but a dearchive utility is included.
PB90-500349
VALLEY. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Offlee of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-163, CP D01
Abstract: The modal is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. Price includes documentation, PB-274054.
The VALLEY algorithm is a steady-state, univariate Gaussian plume dis-
persion algorithm designed for estimating either 24-hour or annual
concentrations resulting from emissions from up to 50 (total) point
and area sources. Calculations of ground-level pollutant concentra-
tions are made for each frequency designated in an array defined by
six stabilities, 16 wind directions, and six wind speeds for 112 pro-
gram-designed receptor sites on a radial grid of variable scale.
Empirical dispersion coefficients are used and include adjustments for
plume rise and limited mixing. Plume height is adjusted according to
terrain elevations and stability classes. Software Description: The
software is written in the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM model 3090 computer. The modal is distributed on a
5 1/4-inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data is in compressed format
but a dearchive utility is Included.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500372
RTDM 3.2: Rough Terrain Diffusion Model. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Model.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SN/DK-89-168, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 cooputer. Price includes documentation, PB88-
171467. The rough terrain diffusion model (RTDM3.2) is a sequential
Gaussian plume model designed to estimate ground-level concentrations
in rough (or flat) terrain in the vicinity of one or more co-located
point sources. It is designed for applications involving chemically
stable atmospheric pollutants and is best suited for elevation of
buoyant plume behavior within about 15 km from the source (s). RTDM
has special algorithms to deal with plume behavior in complex terrain.
Software Description: The software is written in the FORTRAN program-
ming language for Implementation on an IBM model 3090 computer. The
model is distributed on a 5 1/4-inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data
is in compressed format but a dearchive utility is Included.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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PB90-500380
ISCLT: Industrial Source Complex Long Term. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-172, CP D03
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. Price includes documentation PB88-
171475, PB88-171483, and PB88-171491. The Industrial Source Complex
Long Term model is a steady-state Gaussian plume model which can be
used to assess pollutant concentrations from a wide variety of sources
associated with an industrial source complex. The model can account
for settling and dry deposition of particulates, downwash, area, line
and volume sources, plume rise as a function of downwind distance,
separation of point sources, and limited terrain adjustment. ISCLT is
designed to calculate the average seasonal and/or annual ground level
concentration or total deposition from multiple continuous point,
volume and/or areas sources. Provision is made for special discrete
X, Y receptor points that may correspond to sampler sites, points of
maxIma, or special points of interest.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500398
ISCST: Industrial Source Complex Short Term. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, KPA-SW/DK-89-173, CP D03
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. Price includes documentation, PB88-
171475, PB88-171483, and PB88-171491. The Industrial Source Complex
Short-Term model is a steady-state Gaussian plume model which can be
used to assess pollutant concentrations from a wide variety of sources
associated with an industrial source complex. The model can account
for .elLIing and dry deposition of particulates, downwash, area, line
and volume sources, plume rise as a function of downwind distance,
separation of point sources, and limited terrain adjustment.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500414
COMPLEX1. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
J. Mersch
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-176, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM 3090 computer. ASCII format diskettes are available as
PB90-500364. COMPLEXl is a multiple point source code with terrain
adjustment. The model specifications for testing were suggested by
team 'B' on complex terrain at the Regional Workshop on Air Quality
Modeling in Chicago, February 1980. It is a sequential model utiliz-
ing hourly meteorological input. It assumes a normal distribution in
the vertical and a uniform distribution across a 22.5 degree sector.
The initial screening technique for complex terrain applications, de-
scribed in the Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised), has been in-
corporated as an option in COMPLEXl. Software Description: The soft-
ware is written in the FORTRAN programming language for implementation
on an IBM model 3090 computer. The model is distributed on a 5 1/4-
inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data is in compressed format but a
dearchive utility is included.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500752
INPUFF. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-154, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. Price includes documentation,
PB86-242468 and PB86-242450. INPUFF is primarily designed to model a
single event during which one meteorological transition period may oc-
cur, such as going from afternoon to evening conditions. Op to 144
separate meteorological periods of the same length may be used to
characterize the meteorology during the event; this provides a time
resolution that ranges from minutes to an hour. The user has the op-
tion of specifying the wind field for each meteorological period at up
to 100 grid locations or allowing the model to default to a homoge-
neous wind field. Software Description: The model is written in the
FORTRAN programming language for implementation on an IBM 3090 com-
puter.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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PB90-500760
PEM: Pollution Episodic Model. EPA/ORO (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air Quality Simulation
Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-155, CP D02
Abstract: The modal is contained on 5 1/41-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. Price includes documentation,
PB84-232537, PB84-164128, and PB84-138742. The Pollution Episodic
Model (PEM) is an urban scale (up to 50km distances) air pollution
model capable of predicting short-term (1 to 24-hour) average surface
concentrations and deposition fluxes of two gaseous or particulata
pollutants at up to a maximum of 2500 ground-level receptors located
on a 50km by 50km square receptor grid. Predictions are based on
steady-state Gaussian plume assumptions, Briggs' plume rise formula-
tions, and Pasquill-Gifford (P-G) dispersion parameters. The surface
concentration and deposition flux estimates of two independent non-re-
active (gaseous or particulate) pollutants or one pollutant with
first-order chemical decay can be obtained as special cases of the
model. Up to 300 point sources and up to 50 area sources may be in-
cluded in the model inputs. Software Description: The model is writ-
ten in the FORTRAN programming language for implementation on an IBM
3090 computer.
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
DM DISPERSION MODELING
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500794
MESOPUFF. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Modal
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-158, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. Price includes documentation,
PB84-181775. The MESO model is Lagranglan variable-trajectory puff
superposition model suitable for modeling the transport, diffusion,
and removal of air pollutants from multiple point and area sources at
transport distances beyond the rang* of conventional straight-line
Gaussian plume models (i.e.; beyond 10-50). Software Description:
The model is written in the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
mentation on an IBM 3090 computer.
PB90-500802
PAL: Point, Area and Line Source Algorithm Model. EPA/ORD
(Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development)
Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-159, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. Price includes documentation,
PB87-168787. The PAL is an acronym for the Point, Area and Line
source algorithm. PAL is a method of estimating short-term dispersion
using Gaussian-plume steady-state assumptions. The algorithm can be
used for estimating concentrations of non-reactive pollutants at 99
receptors for averaging times of from 1 to 24 hours, and for a limited
number of point, area, and line sources (99 of each type). Calcula-
tions are performed for each hour. Software Description: The model
is written in the FORTRAN programming language for implementation on
an IBM 3090 computer.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-50081Q
HIGHWAY-ROADWAY. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of
Research and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-160, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. Price includes documentation,
PB80-227556. ROADWAY is a finite-difference model which solves a con-
servation of species equation to predict pollutant concentrations
within two hundred meters of a highway. It uses surface layer simi-
larity theory to predict wind and eddy diffusion profiles from temper-
ature at two heights and wind velocity upwind of the highway. A
unique feature of the model is its use of vehicle wake theory. It is
assumed that vehicle wakes affect the wind and turbulence fields in a
linear manner with wake intensity a function of vehicle speed, down-
wind distance, and distance from the wake center. HIWAY is a model
which computes the hourly concentrations of non-reactive pollutants
downwind of roadways. It is applicable for uniform wind conditions
and level terrain. Although best suited for at-grade highways, it can
also be applied to depressed highways.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
-------
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PB90-500828
UTIL-1. BPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Modal
EPA, Research Triangla Park, NC, BSRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diakatta, EPA-SN/DK-89-161, CP D01
Abstract: Tha model ia contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskette*, compatible with tha IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM nodal 3090 computer. Price includes documentation,
PB84-229467 and PB83-107342. CAIMPRO, Version 1.0, is a postprocessor
for MPTIR, CRSTER, or ISC that raada data from an hourly concentration
fila (output from MPTIR, CRSTER, or ISC). RUNAVG, Version 1.0, is a
postprocessor program for determining tha highest and second-highest
non-overlapping running average. RUNAVG accepts hourly concentration
file input from either ISCST, TOPOS, RAM, MPTER, or CRSTER. UTMCON,
Version 1.0, is a utility program to convert from latitude and longi-
tude to OTM coordinates and vice versa. CHAVG, Version 1.0, is a
postprocessor program for computing running averages (averages that
begin each hour and overlap) and end-to-end averages (averages that do
not overlap) from hourly concentration disk or tape files.
DM
KPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500836
MPTDS Version 1.0. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of
Research and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SH/DK-89-162, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. Price includes documentation,
PB82-215153 and PB83-114207. MPTDS is a modification of MPTER to ex-
plicitly account for gravitational settling and/or deposition loss of
a pollutant. Surface deposition fluxes can be printed under an op-
tional output feature. MPTDS is a multiple point source code with an
optional terrain adjustment feature. The code is primarily based upon
MPTER which has Gaussian modeling assumptions. Execution is limited
to a maximum of 250 point sources and 180 receptors. Hourly meteoro-
logical data are required. Period of siaulation can vary iron 1 hour
to 1 year. Software Statement: Tha software is written in the
FORTRAN programming language for Implementation on an IBM model 3090
computer. The model is distributed on a 5 1/4-inch, IBM/PC-compatible
diskette.
PB90-500844
PAL: Point, Area and Line Source Algorithm. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Modal (for Microcomputers)
EPA, Research Triangla Park, NC, ESRL
B. Patarsen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-89-165, CP D01
Abstract: The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes, double
density (360K), compatible with tha IBM PC microcomputer. The disk-
ettes are in the ASCII format. Price Includes documentation, PB87-
168787. PAL ia a method of estimating short-term dispersion using
Gaussian-plume steady-state assumptions. The algorithm can be used
for estimating concentrations of non-reactive pollutants at 99 recep-
tors for averaging times of from 1 to 24 hours and for a limited num-
ber of point, area, and line sources (99 of each type). Calculations
are performed for each hour. The hourly meteorological data required
are wind direction, wind spaed, stability class, and mixing height.
Single values of each of these four parameters are assumed representa-
tive for the area modeled. The PAL model can treat deposition of both
gaseous and suspended particulate pollutants in the plume since gravi-
tational settling and dry deposition of tha particles are explicitly
accounted for. Software Description: The software is written in the
FORTRAN programming language for implementation on an IBM-PC micro-
computer .
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-500869
DATA: Sample Meteorological Data and Random Numbers Data File
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, EPA-DF/DK-89-170, CP D01
Abstract: The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with tha IBM PC microcomputer, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. The file CINDAY in unformatted
form has been used for sample meteorological input to a number of dis-
persion models, such as RAM, CRSTER, MPTER, and ISC, for tests using a
year's data. Since a file in unformatted or binary form cannot readi-
ly be transferred from computer to computer, tha file is furnished in
two parts (ril and PTZ) in ASCII form. The program ASCBIN converts
the ASCII meteorological data to unformatted (binary form). The two
parts of the file should be combined together first.
DM
EPA
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
-------
PB90-500877
TUPOS: EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESRL
B. Petersen
Aug 89, 1 diskette, IPA-SW/DK-89-171, CP D02
Abstract: The model la contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density (360K)
diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC «icroco«put«r, ready for upload-
ing to an IBM model 3090 computer. Price include* documentation,
PB86-181310, PB86-181328, and PB86-241031. TOPOS estimates dispersion
directly from fluctuation atatlstics at plume level and calculates
plume rise and partial penetration of the plume into stable layers
using vertical profiles of wind and temperature. TOPOS can be used
for short-term (hours to days) impact assessment of inert pollutants
from single or multiple sources and can be expected to have greatest
accuracy for locations within 10 km of the source. Although TUPOS
will make computations for receptors having any groundlevel elevation,
it is not intended as a complex terrain model, but rather as a model
for calculations over flat or gently rolling terrain. TUPOS will op-
tionally treat buoyancy-induced dispersion but does not include build-
ing downwash, deposition, or fumigation.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-501U5
Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS), Version 1.0 (for Micro-
computers)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
D.C. Misenheimer
Sep 89, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-90-009, CP D01
Abstract: The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes, double
density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer. The dis-
kettes are in the ASCII format. Price includes documentation, PB90-
141227 and PB90-141235. The Surface Impoundment Modeling System
(SIMS) is personal computer program designed to estimate air emis-
sions from surface impoundments. The emission estimates are based on
mass transfer models developed by the Emissions Standards Division of
the Environmental Protection Agency during the evaluation of hazardous
waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. SIMS allows the
user to specify all the required inputs to these emission models when
the information is available, or when only limited information is
available, provides default values for most of the modal inputs.
Software Description: The software is written in the C programming
language for implementation on an IBM PC or compatible.
IF
EPA
EMISSION FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-502253
DEGADIS (DEnse GAs Dispersion) Model, Version 2.1 (for Microcomputers)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
D. Guinnup
1989, 1 diskette, EPA-SW/DK-90-034, CP D01
Abstract: Supersedes PB88-202379. Computer: DEC VAX. Language:
FORTRAN. The program is written in FORTRAN for compilation and exe-
cution on a DEC VAX computer. Implementation on any other system may
be attempted at the risk of the user. To facilitate dissemination of
the model, it is being provided on diskette. The software is con-
tained on one 360K, 5 1/4-inch diskette, double density. File format:
Executable code only. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price
includes documentation, PB90-213893. An improved Jet-Plume model has
been interfaced with DEGADIS to provide for prediction of the trajec-
tory and dilution of elevated dense gas jets to ground contact.
DEGADIS predicts the ensuing ground-level plume dispersion. The Jet-
Plume model provides for: automatic adjustment of integration step-
size (using the Rnnge-Kutta-Cill method as in DEGADIS): elliptical
plume shape (cross-section), with the Paaquill-Gifford plume disper-
sion coefficient representation of atmospheric turbulent entrainment;
user specification of averaging time; ground reflection when the plume
(lower) boundary reaches ground level; and application to scenarios
where the plume remains aloft. The model should be uploaded via modem
from a PC terminal to host a VAX computer, and several files must then
be renamed prior to compilation and execution.
DM
EPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB90-504119
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model Plus (CTDMPLUS) (for Microcomputers)
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, AREAL
Jun 90, 1 diskette, EPA-SN/DK-90-164, CP DOS
Abstract: System: IBM PC or compatible; MS DOS operating system.
Language: FORTRAN77 and Pascal. Attempts to run the modeling system
without a math co-processor will cause a runtime error number of 4001.
Supersedes PB88-161682 and PB88-162169. The software is contained on
one 1.2M, 5 1/4 inch diskette, high density. File format: ASCII.
Price includes documentation, PB90-243809. The Complex Terrain Dis-
persion Model Plus (CTDMPLUS) is a refined air quality model for use
in all stability conditions for complex terrain applications. It con-
tains the technology of the original Complex Terrain Dispersion Model
(CTDH) for stable and neutral conditions, but also models daytime, un-
stable conditions. The model makes use of considerable detail in the
terrain and meteorological data (as compared to current EPA regulatory
models) and requires the parameterization of individual terrain fea-
tures, thus considering the three-dimensional nature of the interac-
tion of the plume and terrain.
DM
KPA
DISPERSION MODELING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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PB91-102111
Control of VOC Emissions tram Polystyrene Foam Manufacturing
KPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
C.J. Bagley, J.S. McLean, and M.B. Stockton
Sep 90, 112p, EPA-450/3-90-020, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: The document contains information on polystyrene foam manu-
facturing processes, associated Missions of VOCs, emission control
Mthods, and cost estimates for (mission control.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SA SOURCE ASSESSMENT
100-42-5 STYRENE
30 ROBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
308 MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC
3086 PLASTICS FOAM PRODUCTS
PB91-103556
Technical Support Document on Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, ECAO
Syracuse Research Corporation
Nov 88, 186p, EPA-600/8-90-064, PC A09/MF A01
Abstract: Th« document was recommended by the U.S. EPA'* Science Ad-
visory Board as a means of providing the broad technical background
for the principles and procedures described in the 'Guidelines for
Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures'. Unique sections include
an overview of available tozlcity data on complex mixtures and binary
exposures, an estimate of the maximum synergistic effect observed for
environmental chemicals, an evaluation of quantitative methods (sta-
tistics and models) that have been used in characterizing Interaction
data base, and recommendations for Guidelines revisions and future re-
search relevant to risk assessment. The two most significant conclu-
sions in the document are (1) that the available literature is ex-
tremely poor for use in quantifying the extent of synergism expected
from environmental exposures, and (2) that validation of in vitro and
short-term in vivo studies seems to be the most promising approach for
assessment of complex mixtures.
EPA
RA
ENVlROWfiMTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RISK ASSESSMENT
PB91-110023
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
EPA, Cincinnati, OH, RREL
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.
L.M. Brown
Aug 90, 53p, EPA-625/7-90-008, PC A04/MF A01
The Commercial Printing Industry
Abstract: Commercial printers, who Include lithographers, gravure
printers, flexographers, and letterpress and screen printers, generate
a variety of wastes during printing operations. The manual largely
addresses the wastes and waste minimization options for offset litho-
graphers. Naste that can be disposed of in trash include some waste
P«P«r; film; empty containers; used blankets; and damaged products and
other items. The wastes result from image processing, plate making,
proof making, printing, and finishing processes. Another form of
waste - wastewater - results from image processing, plate making, and
printing processes. Equipment cleaning wastes and air emissions are
other categories of waste. Much of the waste paper generated can be
recycled.
EPA
PP
27
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
POLLUTION PREVENTION
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
PB91-116269
Exploratory Assessment of the Risk of Lung Cancer Associated with Ex-
posure to Diesel Exhaust Based on a Study in Rats. Exploratory Diesel
Risk Assessment
NIOSR
Aug 90, 66p, PC A04/MF A04
Abstract: A request was made by the Mine Safety and Health Adminis-
tration to assess quantitatively the risk of lung cancer among those
occupationally exposed to diesel exhaust. The Armitage-Doll multi-
stage model was adapted to fit both the cases of all tumors and
malignant neoplasms alone. A number of assumptions were made to ex-
tend the risk estimates derived from the models of tumor response in
rats to the risks for humans. These assumptions fell into three
categories: those concerning the development of biologically equiva-
lent doses for rats and humans, those relating external exposure to
internal dose, and those concerning the scaling of age between rats
and humans to account for the temporal aspects of exposure. Uncer-
tainties in the study included the effects of exposure on lung
clearance mechanisms, the deposition rates in humans, and the rele-
vance of the exposure index limit. Based on the findings of the study
the excess risk to miners of lung cancer at the upper range of the
diesel particulate exposure reported, 1.5mg/cu m, was approximately
1.5 to 3 in 100. According to the authors, the results are consistent
with previous recommendations by NIOSH that diesel exhaust should be
regarded as a potential human carcinogen, and that efforts should be
made to reduce exposures to the lowest feasible concentration.
CL-DIESEL DIESEL FUEL EMISSIONS
NIOSH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUP. SAFETY AND HEALTH
RA RISK ASSESSMENT
10 METAL MINING
12 COAL MINING
13 OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
14 NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
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PB91-125831
Testing of Indoor Radon Reduction Technique* in Basement Rouses Hairing
Adjoining King*
BPA, Research Triangle Park, DC, AEERL
Infiltec
M. Messing
Nov 90, 212p, EPA-fiOO/8-90-076, PC A10/MF A02
Abstract: The report give* results of tests of indoor radon reduction
technique* in 12 existing Maryland houses, with the objective of de-
termining vhen basement houses with adjoining wings require active
soil depreasurization (ASD) treatment of both wings, and when treat-
ment of the baaeawnt alone is sufficient. In five basement houses
with adjoining slab* on grade, ASD treatment of both wings provided an
incremental additional radon reduction of 0 to 5.2 pCi/I, compared to
ASD treatment of either on* of the slabs alone. However, basement-on-
ly treatment reduced radon to < 4 pCi/L in all five houses. In six
basement houses having adjoining crawl spaces, ASD treatment of both
wings (including sub-liner depressurization of the crawl space) pro-
vided little additional reduction compared to basement-only treatment,
when sub-slab communication was good. When communication was not
good, treatment of both wings was required to achieve < 4 pCi/L.
Tests of one fully slab-on-grade house showed that, when there is good
aggregate under the slab, a one-pipe sub-slab depressurization system
can achieve < 1-2 pCi/L, even when there are forced-air supply ducts
under the slab.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
PB91-1260Q3
Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors - A Compilation for Selected Air
Toxic Compounds and Sources, Second Edition
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
A.A. Pope, et al.
Oct 90, 814p, EPA-450/2-90-011, PC A99/MT A99
Abstract: The report presents the second edition of the Toxic Air
Pollutant Emission Factor Compilation that contains emission factors
for selected air toxic compounds and sources, and associates the fac-
tors to levels of source activity. The emission factors, compiled
from a review df the literature, are sorted by pollutant and source.
Each factor is identified by pollutant name, CAS number, process and
mission source descriptions, SIC Code and SCC 's. The second edition
revises and expands the report, Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors -
A Compilation For Selected Air Toxic Compounds and Sources, Second
Edition, PB89-135644. A software system, XATEF, containing the fac-
tors, haa been developed for easy access and updating of the data.
Use of the system is explained in the EPA report, Crosswalk/Air Toxic
Emission Factor Data Base Management System User's Manual. EPA is
making available the system and data base records to agency users upon
request. The purpose of the report is to offer a technical service to
air pollution control agencies in performing preliminary estimates of
air toxics emissions. The emission factors are not intended to pro-
vide exact estimates of releases of air toxics from specific facili-
ties.
CL-HAPS TITLE III HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
CL-METAL METALLIC COMPOUNDS
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EF EMISSION FACTOR
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PB91-127233
National Emission Standards for Asbestos.
Promulgated Asbestos NESHAP Revisions
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Oct 90, 260p, EPA-450/3-90-017, PC A12/MF A02
Background Information for
Abstract: Revisions to the national emission standards to control
emissions of asbestos from asbestos milling, manufacturing, and fabri-
cating plants; demolitions and renovations; and asbestos waste dispos-
al are being promulgated under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. The
document contains summaries of public comments, EPA responses, and a
summary of changes since proposal.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NESHAP NATL EMIS STD RAZ AP
1332-21-4 ASBESTOS
26 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
262 PAPER MILLS
2621 PAPER MILLS
30 RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
305 HOSE i BELTING I GASKETS C PACKING
3053 GASKETS, PACKING AND SEALING DEVICES
32 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
329 MISC. NONMETALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS
3292 ASBESTOS PRODUCTS
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PB91-136523
Noncarcinogenic Iff act of Chromium: Update to Health Assessment
Document
KPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ECAO
N. Victery, et al.
Apr 90, 104p, IPA-600/8-87-048F, PC A06/MT A01
Abitract: The document update* the 1984 Health A*****ment Document
for Chromium by addre**ing i**ue* regarding noncarcinogenic health ef-
fect* of chromium; oxidation *tate* and per*i*t«nce of the*e state* in
the environment; campling and analytical methodology to differentiate
theae oxidation *tate* and amount* at ubmicrogram ambient air level*;
the degree of human expo*ure to chromium in the environment, both
hort-term and long-term; in vivo reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III);
and effect* from environmentally relevant level* on pulmonary function
and renal function. Trlvalent chromium i* chemically stable; Cr (VI)
i* readily reduced to Cr (III). Oxidation *tate of chromium in am-
bient air depend* on proximity to sources emitting one form over the
other. Reliable monitoring method* to speclate oxidation states at
ambient air level* below 1 mlcrogram/cu m are not available. Ambient
level* of total chromium (obtained from EPA'* National Air Data
Branch) range from a high of 0.6 microgram/cu m to below the detection
limit of 0.005 microgram/cu m. Reduction of hexavalent chromium in
vivo occur* in several organ systems and therefore, email amount* of
inhaled Cr (VI) will be reduced before y*temlc absorption can occur.
Trivalent chromium 1* an essential trace metal which potentiates ac-
tion* of insulin-mediated glucose transport.
CL-CHROME CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HA HEALTH ASSESSMENT
16065-83-1 CHROMIUM ION
18540-29-9 CHROMIUM (VI) COMPOUNDS
7440-47-3 CHROMIUM
PB91-137273
Indoor Air - Assessment: Method* of Analysis for Environmental
Carcinogen*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ECAO
M.R. Peterson, D.F. Naugla, and M.A. Berry
Jun 90, 49p, EPA-600/8-90-041, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: The monograph describes, in a general way, published sam-
pling procedure* and analytical approaches for known and suspected
carcinogen*. The primary focus 1* upon carcinogen* found in indoor
air, although the method* described are applicable to other media or
environment*. In cases where there are no published method* for a
particular pollutant in indoor air, method* developed for the work-
place and for ambient air are Included since they should be adaptable
to indoor air. Known and suspected carcinogen* have been grouped into
ix categoric* for the purposes of thi* and related work. The cate-
gories are radon, asbestos, organic compounds, inorganic species,
particle*, and non-ionizing radiation. Some method* of assessing ex-
posure that are not specific to any particular pollutant category are
covered in a separate section. The report i* the fifth in a aeries of
EPA/Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Monograph*.
CL-INORGAN INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CL-ORGANIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
CL-RAD RADIATION
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
10043-92-2 RADON
1332-21-4 ASBESTOS
A Model for Screening Toxic Air Pollutant
PB91-141820
User'* Guide to TSCREEN
Concent ration*
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Pacific Environmental Service*
K. Stroupe, S. Boone, and C. Thames
Dec 90, 37p, EPA-450/4-90-013, PC A03/MF A01
Abstract: The user'* guide describes how to start, enter/edit, use
the help system, back up data and compile the TSCREEN model. TSCREEN
i* a model for estimating ambient pollutant concentration* for a vari-
ety of release scenario* from Superfund sites and other sources of air
toxics releases. The computer program implement* the procedure* de-
veloped in a document entitled 'A Workbook of Screening Technique* for
Assessing Impact* of Toxic Air Pollutant*,' PB89-134340 and should be
used in conjunction with the workbook. TSCREEN ha* a front-end con-
trol program that also provide*, by use of interactive menu* and data
entry screens, the same step* a* the workbook. An extensive help sy-
stem 1* provided to guide the user. Text edit and graphical display
capabilities are also provided.
CL-HAZWAST HAZARDOUS WASTES
DM DISPERSION MODELING
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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PB91-14B262
Urban Air Toxic* Monitoring Program, 1989
IPA, Research Triangle Park, HC, OAQPS
Radian Corp.
R.A. McAllister at al.
Oct 90, 278p, EPA-450/4-91-001, PC A13/MT A02
Abstract: From January 1989 through January 1990 samples of ambient
air were collected at 14 aitaa in the eastern part of th« O.S. Every
12 day*, air wa* integrated orar 24-hour periods into pasaivated
stainless steel canlatar*. Simultaneously, air wa* drawn through car-
tridge* containing dinltrophenylhydrazine to collect carbonyl
compounds. The sample* war* analyzed at a central laboratory for a
total of 37 halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbon*, formaldehyde, acet-
aldahyda, and other oxygenated species. The hydrocarbon species were
analyzed by gaa chromatography/multiple detector* and gas chronatogra-
phy/mass spectrometry, while the carbonyl species were analyzed by
liquid chrcsutography. An extensive quality assurance program wa*
carried on to secure high quality data. Complete data for all the
carbonyl samples are presented in the report.
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-ALDEHYD ALDEHYDES
CL-AROMHC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CL-HALOGHC HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
75-07-0 ACETALDEHYDE
PB91-148288
Urban Air Toxica Monitoring Program Aldehyde Results, 1989
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corp.
R.A. McAllister, D.L. Epper*on, R.r. Jongleux
Jan 91, 149p, EPA-450/4-91-006, PC A07/MF A01
Abstract: The D.S. EPA developed the Urban Air Toxic* Monitoring Pro-
gram (UATMP) to help State and local agencies assess the nature and
magnitude of their air toxic* problems. The OATMP sampler collect*
ambient air samples at urban sites in <-liter (L) SUMMA-treated «tain-
las* steel canisters. At the same time, through a separate heated
ample line, ambient air samples are drawn in parallel through dupli-
cate cartridges which trap the carbonyl compound* from the ambient
air. The aldehyde cartridges collected at the UATMP sites for 1989
were extracted and analyzed by the Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Laboratory (AREAL) of the U.S. EPA at Research Triangle Park, NC, for
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone. These carbonyl* were se-
lected as target compound* for the 1989 UATMP. The report presents
the data summaries and other data assessments for the carbonyl samples
collected during the 1989 UATMP season. The air toxic* compound*
collected in canisters for the 1989 UATMP season are reported sepa-
rately .
AM AMBIENT MONITORING
CL-ALDEHYD ALDEHYDES
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RDG REG DEVELOPMNT GUIDE
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
67-64-1 ACETONE
75-07-0 ACETALDEHYDE
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PB91-162560
Bioassay of Complex Mixture* of Indoor Air Pollutant!.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, HERL
J. Lewtas, et «1.
1990, 21p, EPA-600/D-90-242, PC A03/MT A01
Chapter 7
ro
*»
to
Abstract: There are several strategies for conducting bioassay stud-
ies of indoor air pollutant mixtures. One approach i« to generate in-
door pollutant! from sources under laboratory conditions suitable for
human, animal, or in vitro bioassay studies. This approach was used
extensively to evaluate tobacco saoke and to a lesser extent for other
indoor combustion sources such as kerosene heaters. A second approach
is to simulate these complex mixtures by simpler mixtures of pure
chemicals which can be used in biological studies. The third ap-
proach, which is described in more detail here, is to use bioassays in
the direct evaluation of complex mixtures of indoor air pollutants.
The mixtures of organics found indoors frost combustion sources, build-
ing materials, household products and human activities are extremely
complex. They consist of thousands of components which are not well
characterized or quantified. Many of these mixtures and certain com-
ponents are potential human carcinogens. The development of short-
term bioassays to detect mutagens and potential carcinogens has facil-
itated studies of complex mixtures including air pollutants and can-
bust ion emissions. Chapter 7 will focus on the development and appli-
cation of bacterial mutagenicity assays to complex mixtures of indoor
air pollutants.
CL-CARCIN CARCINOGENS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IA INDOOR AIR
RA RISK ASSESSMENT
PB91-168534
Municipal Waste Combustion: Background Information for Promulgated
Standards and Guidelines. Summary of Public Comments and Responses
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
Dec 90, 520p, EPA-450/3-91-004, PC A22/MF A03
Abstract: EPA is preparing for promulgation under Clean Air Act
111(b) emission standards for new MHC ' and, under lll(d), emission
guidelines for existing MHC's. The standards and guidelines will ap-
ply to MHC units with a capacity to combust 250 or more tons nf munic-
ipal solid waste per day. The standards and guidelines were proposed
in the Federal Register on December 20, 1989 (54 FR 52251 and 54 FR
52209). Public hearings were held in January 1990 in Boston, MA, De-
troit, ME, and Seattle, HA. These meetings were open to the public
and the public was ilven an opportunity to comment on the proposal.
Additionally, EPA zeceived over 300 written comment letters. The re-
port summarizes all comments and presents the Agency's responses.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFHMNCE STD
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
PB91-168542
Municipal Naste Combustion: Background Information for Promulgated
Standards and Guideline*. Summary of Public Comments and Responses.
Appendices A to C
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
Radian Corporation
Dec 90, 105p, EPA-450/3-91-004A, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: Appendices A to C to the 'Municipal Haste Combustion:
Background Information for Promulgated Standards and Guidelines - Sum-
mary of Public Comments and Responses' (PB91-168534), address key
technical issues related to the promulgated rules for municipal waste
combustors (MHC's). Appendix A provides analysis of the continuous
S02 control capabilities of spray dryer/fabric filter (SD/FF) and
spray dryer/electrostatic precipitator (SD/ESP) control systems for
MHC's. Achievable S02 performance levels for these systems are deter-
mined based on the analysis. Similarly, Appendix B provides analysis
of continuous NOX emissions data from MHC's. Results are presented
for the statistical analysis of NOX data obtained from a grate-fired
mass burn waterwall MHC using selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR)
to reduce NOX emissions and from a rotary mass burn waterwall MHC de-
signed to limit NOX emissions through combustion control. Appendix C
provides additional MHC emissions test data which became available
following proposal of the standards and guidelines for MHC's on Decem-
ber 20, 1989. The appendix reviews data at four MHC's with either u-
nique air pollution control technologies or emissions which are higher
than for similarly controlled MHC's that had been previously examined.
CT CNTRL TECHNOLOGY DOC
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEN SRC PRFRMNCE STD
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
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w
PB91-168575
Air Pollutant Emission Standard* and Guidelines for Municipal Waste
Combustors: Revision and Update of Econcnic Impact Analysis and
Regulatory Impact Analysis
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, QAQPS
Research Triangle Init.
G.E. Morris, B.L. Jellloorse, and R. Sarmiento
Hov 90, 115p, EPA-450/3-91-003, PC A06/MF A01
Abstract: EPA is preparing for promulgation under Clean Air Act
111 (b) emission standards for new Municipal Waste Combustors (MffCs)
and, under lll(d), emission guidelines for existing MWCs. The stan-
dards and guidelines will apply to MWCs with a capacity to combust 35
or more Mg of municipal solid waste per day. The report updates
'Economic Impact of Air Pollutant Emission Standards for New Municipal
Waste Combustors,' EPA-450/3-89-006 (August 1989), 'Economic Impact of
Air Pollutant Emission Guidelines for Existing Municipal Waste Com-
bustors,' EPA-4SO/3-89-005 (August 1989), and 'Regulatory Impact
Analysis of Air Pollutant Emission Standards and Guidelines for Munic-
ipal Haste Combustors,' (PB90-154915, October 1989). The update de-
scribes baseline projections of MfCs, economic analysis methodology
national costs and emission reductions attributable to the standards
and guidelines, the sensitivity of costs to assumptions about capacity
utilization and about materials separation requirements, and how the
standards and guidelines may change communities' choices of waste dis-
posal technology.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NSPS NEW SRC PRFFMTCE STD
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
55 FR 08292 03-07-90
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Benzene
Emissions from Chemical Manufacturing Process Vents, Industrial
Solvent Use, Benzene Waste Operations, Benzene Transfer Operations,
and Gasoline Marketing System
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESD
Abstract: Final rule. This action promulgates the standards for ben-
zene waste operations and benzene transfer operations that were pro-
posed at 54 FR 38083, 9-14-B9. These standards implement Section 112
of the Clean Air Act and are based on the Administrator's determina-
tion that benzene emissions from these source categories present a
significant risk to human health. The intended effect of the stan-
dards is to require all existing, new, modified, or reconstructed
sources to reduce emissions to a level which provides an ample margin
of safety to protect public health. For reasons stated in Section IV
of Supplementary Information of this rule, the Administrator is with-
drawing the standards proposed for the industrial solvent use and gas-
oline marketing source categories. This action also serves as notice
of the Administrator's final determination not to regulate the chemi-
cal manufacturing process vent source category. Corrections were made
at 55 FR 12444, 4-3-90; 55 FR 18330, 5-2-90; and 55 FR 37230, 9-10-90.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NATL EMS STD HAZ AP
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
286 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
2865 CYCLIC CRUDES AMD INTERMEDIATES
29 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
291 PETROLEUM REFINING
2911 PETROLEUM REFINING
33 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
331 BLAST FURNACE AND BASIC STEEL PRODUCTS
3312 BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL MILLS
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
51 WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
517 PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
5171 PETROLEUM BULK STATIONS t TERMINALS
5172 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, NEC
71-43-2 BENZENE
8006-61-9 GASOLINE
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55 fR 11338 03-27-90
Review of Standard* of Performance for New Stationary Source*;
Phoaphata Rock Planta
EPA, Raaaarch Triangle Park, NC, ISB/1SD
Abstract: Raviaw of atandarda. Tha EPA la required by tha Clean Air
Act to review atandarda of performance for new, modified, or recon-
structed stationary aourcaa every four years. The first review of tha
existing naw source performance atandarda (NSPS) for phosphate rock
plants (40 CFR part 60, subpart NN) has bean completed to determine
tha need for revision of tha existing atandarda. Tha EPA has con-
cluded that no revision to the atandarda is appropriate at this time.
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS NEW SRC PRFPMNCE STD
14 NONMKTALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
147 CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERALS
1475 PHOSPHATE ROCK
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
287 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2874 PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS
55 FR 13480 04-10-90
NESHAPS for Radionuclidea Reconsideration; Phosphogypsum
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Abstract: Notice of limited reconsideration of final rule and deter-
mination of compliance waiver. This action announces the limited re-
consideration by EPA of the portion of 40 CFR part 61, subpart R, Na-
tinonal Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Radon Emis-
sions from Phosphogypsum Stack* (54 FR 51654 12-15-89) that requires
disposal of phosphogypsum in stacks or mines, thereby precluding al-
ternative uaea of the material. In light of this reconsideration and
other factors described herein, EPA is alao granting a limited com-
pliance waiver that permits the continued agricultural use of phospho-
gypsum through the current growing aeaaon. EPA it establishing a 60-
day comment period to receive information relating to the limited re-
consideration. In the same issue of the Federal Regiater, EPA i> alao
noticing several proposed alternatives that address the subject mat-
ter of thla limited reconsideration. (See the proposed rule printed
elaewhere in the issue.) A public hearing on th««» issue* * held.
CL-PROSPHA PHOSPHATES
CL-RAD RADIATION
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NATL EMIS STD HAZ AP
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
287 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2874 PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS
55 FR 13482 04-10-90
NESHAPS for Radionuclidea Reconsideration
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Abstract: Notice of proposed rule. This action announces the limited
reconsideration by EPA of the portion of 40 CFR part 61, subpart R,
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Radon Emis-
sions from Phoaphogypaum Stacks (54 FR 51654 12-15-89) that requires
disposal of phoaphogypsum in stacks or mines, thereby precluding al-
ternative uaes of the material. In light of this reconaideration and
other factora described herein, in a document published at 55 FR 13480
(4-10-90), EPA is also granting a limited compliance waiver that per-
mits the continued agricultural uae of phosphogypsum through the cur-
rent growing season. This action further notices four alternatives
for rulemaking by which EPA is proposing to maintain or modify the
rule.
CL-PHOSPHA PHOSPHATES
CL-RAD RADIATION
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NATL EMIS STD HAZ AP
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
287 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2874 PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS
55 FR 26912 06-29-90
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources; Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Emissions From the Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI) Air Oxidation Processes
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESD
Abstract: Final rule. Standards of performance for air oxidation
unit proceaaea in the SOCMI were proposed in the Federal Register on
October 21, 1983 (48 FR 48932). On May 16, 1985, the public comment
period waa reopened (50 FR 20446) for the purpose of allowing public
comment on the results of a reanalyaia of the coating procedures, the
total resource effectiveness (TRE) equation and coefficlenta, and the
designation of affected facility. This action promulgates standards
of performance for SOCMI air oxidation unit processes. These stan-
dards implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and are baaed
on the Administrator's determination that VOC emissions from air oxi-
dation processes in tfcs SOCMI causa or cootribute significantly to air
pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public
health or welfare. The intended effect of these atandarda ia to re-
quire all new, modified, and reconstructed air oxidation facilitiea to
achieve an emission reduction that reflects the capabilities of the
best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction, consider-
ing costs, nonair quality health, and environmental and energy Im-
pacts. Corrections made at 55 FR 36932 9-7-90.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
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55 FR 26931 06-29-90
Standards of Performance for Mew Stationary Sources; Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Baissiona From the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manu-
facturing Industry (SOCMI) Distillation Operations
CPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ISO
Abstract: Final rule. Standards of performance for distillation unit
operations in the SOCMI were proposed in the Federal Register on De-
cember 30, 1983 (48 FR 57538). On May 16, 1985, the public comment
period was reopened (50 FR 20446) for the purpose of allowing public
comment on revisions to the affected facility designation and the
costing procedures. This action promulgates standards of performance
for SOCMI distillation unit operations. These standards implement
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and are based on the Adminis-
trator' s determination that VOC emissions from SOCMI cause or contrib-
ute significantly to air pollution which Bay reasonably be anticipated
to endanger public health or welfare. The intended effect of these
standards is to require all new, modified, and reconstructed distil-
lation facilities to achieve an emission reduction that reflects the
capabilities of the best demonstrated system of continuous emission
reduction, considering costs, nonair quality health, and environmental
and energy impacts. Corrections made at 55 FR 36932 9-7-90.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS NEW SRC PRFEMNCE STD
28 CHEMICALS AN) ALLIED PRODUCTS
55 FR 26953 06-29-90
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources; Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Emissions From the Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI) Reactor Processes
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESD
Abstract: Proposed rule and notice of public hearing. The proposed
standards would limit the emissions of VOC from new, modified, and
reconstructed SOCMI reactor process facilities. The proposed stan-
dards implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and are based
on the Administrator's determination that emissions from the SOCMI
cause or contribute significantly to air pollution which may reasona-
bly be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. The intent
is to require new, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI reactor process
facilities to control emissions to the level achievable by the best
demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction, considering
costs, nonair quality health and environmental impacts, and energy
requirements.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS HEN SRC PRFRMNCE STD
28 CHEMICALS AM) ALLIED PRODUCTS
55 FR 28346 07-10-90
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Revisions to
Vinyl Chloride; Equipment Leaks of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESD
Abstract: Final rule. On September 21, 1989 (54 FR 38938), EPA pro-
posed minor revisions to national emission standards for vinyl chlo-
ride (VC) and equipment leaks of volatile hazardous air pollutants.
The revisions to the national emission standards for hazardous air
pollutants (NESHAP) were proposed as a result of petitions for recon-
sideration and review filed by the Society of the Plastics Industry,
Inc., Dow Chemical Company, Georgia Gulf Corporation, and Vista Chem-
ical Company. This action promulgates final revisions to the NESHAP.
The intended effect of this action is to grant the petitioners' re-
quest for clarification of ambiguities in several definitions and in
the applicability of certain regulatory requirements in the standards.
This notice is not intended to address the July 28, 1987, decision by
the D.C. Circuit Court on the VC standards, Natural Resources Defense
Council, Inc. v. EPA, 824 F.2d 1146 (1987). Any response to that de-
cision will be made in a future notice in the Federal Register.
EPA ENVIROWaNTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NATL EHTS STD HAZ AP
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
286 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
2869 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NEC
75-01-4 VINYL CHLORIDE
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NJ
I
5.5. fit 37674 09-12-90
Standard* of Performance for New Stationary Sources; Small
Industrial-CosBMrcial-Inatitutional Steam Generating Units
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ISO
Abstract: Final nil*. This action promulgates *tandard« of perfor-
mane* for new, modified, and reconstructed small industrial-commer-
cial-institutional steam generating unit* with a maximum design h«at
input capacity of 29 MN (100 million Btu/hr) or !«, but greater than
or equal to 2.9 MN (10 Billion Btu/hr). These standards, codified in
ubpart DC of 40 CFR part 60, limit emissions of 502 and PM from these
sources. This notice alao announces the EPA's decision not to regu-
late NOz emissions fro* these units. Standards of performance limit-
ing emissions of S02, PM, and NOz from small industrial-conaercial-in-
stitutional steam generating units were proposed in 54 FR 24792, 6-9-
89. The standards implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act and are
based on the Administrator' s determination that small industrial-com-
marcial-institutional steam generating units cause or contribute sig-
nificantly to air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to en-
danger public health or welfare. The intended effect of these stan-
dards is to require all new, modified, and reconstructed small indus-
I i I ill rnuMirlrl 1 nil II nl I mnil steam generating units to control emis-
sions to the level achievable by the best demonstrated technological s
ystem of continuous emission reduction considering costs, nonair qual-
ity health, environmental, and energy impacts.
CL-PM PARTICULATE MATTER
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
11104-93-1 NITROGEN OXIDES
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
491 ELECTRIC SERVICES
4911 ELECTRIC SERVICES
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
55 FR 38057 09-17-90
Radionuclide NESHAP
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Abstract: Notice of stay. This action announces a further 180-day
stay, pending reconsideration and judicial review, of Subpart I of 40
CFR part 61 ("Subpart I"), National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants for Radionuclide Emissions from Facilities Licensed by
Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Non-DOE Federal Facilities (54 FR
51654 12-15-89). EPA is issuing this stay pursuant to the authority
inherent to EPA's general rulemaking authority under Clean Air Act
Section 301 (a), 42 USC 7601(a), and also pursuant to Section 10(d) of
the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 USC 705, which grants the Adminis-
trator discretion to postpone the effective date of Agency rules pend-
ing judicial review, which for Subpart I is ongong in the United
States Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit. This action continues in
place of the existing stay originally granted by the Administrator
pursuant to Clean Air Act Section 307(d) (7) (B), 42 USC 7607(d) (7)(B),
54 FR 51654 (12-15-89), and subsequently extended pursuant to the pre-
sently applicable authorities on March 15, 1990, 55 FR 10455 (3-21-
90), and on July 12, 1990, 55 FR 29205 (7-18-90).
CL-RAD RADIATION
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NATL EMIS STD HAZ AP
10 METAL MINING
109 MISCELLANEOUS METAL ORES
1094 URANIUM-RADIUM-VANADIUM ORES
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
281 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS
2819 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS, NEC
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
96 ADMINISTRATION OF ECONOMIC PROGRAMS
963 REGULATION, ADMIN. OF UTILITIES
9631 REGULATION, ADMIN. OF UTILITIES
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N>
I
55 FR 40171 10-02-90
Standard* of Performance for New Stationary Source* Amendments to
Subpart J (Petroleum Refineries) and Addition of Performance
Specification 7 to Appendix B
IPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, EMB
Abstract: Final rule. The purpose of thi» action ia five-fold: (1)
To require (aa opposed to being an option) the monitoring of sulfur
dioxide (S02) in gales discharged into the atmosphere from the com-
bustion of fuel gases or, as an alternative, the monitoring of hydro-
gen sulfide (H2S) in fuel gases; (2) to delete the mention of control-
ling 302 after combustion of fuel gases; (3) to delete the monitoring
requirement of H2S in gases discharged into the atmosphere from Claus
sulfur recovery plants, but require the monitoring of other reduced
sulfur compounds using continuous emission monitoring systems (CEM's)
or SO2 CEMS's after oxidizing the reduced sulfur compound* to S02; (4)
to add Performance Specification (PS) 7 for H2S CEKS's to Appendix B
of this part; and (5) to clarify ambiguities in the existing regula-
tions. All affected fuel gas combustion devices and Claus plants in
petroleum refineries, subject to subpart J of 40 CFR part 60, will be
required to install and operate GEMS' a within 1 year of the promulga-
tion date. These monitoring requirements are not new, but previous
H2S and reduced sulfur CEMS installations were contingent upon the
Agency's promulgation of PS's. These amendments were published in the
Federal Register on March 1, 1989 (54 FR 8564) and April 28, 1989 (54
FR 18308).
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS MEN SRC PRFIMICE STD
29 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
291 PETROLEUM REFINING
2911 PETROLEUM REFINING
7446-09-5 SULFUR DIOXIDE
7783-06-4 HYDROGEN SULFIDE
55 FR 40834 10-05-90
National Emission Standards for Radon Emissions from Phosphogypsum
Stacks
EPA, Washington, DC, ORP
Abstract: Notice of compliance waiver. This action announces the
continuation of a limited compliance waiver, pending reconsideration
and rulemaking, of subpart R of 40 CFR part 61 ("Subpart R"), National
Emission Standards for Radon Emissions from Phosphogypsum Stacks (54
FR 51654 December 15, 1989). EPA is Issuing this compliance waiver
pursuant to its authority under Clean Air Act 112(c) (1)(B)(11) and
40 CFR 60.10-60.11. This limited compliance waiver, which permits the
distribution and use of phosphogypsum for agricultural purposes, tem-
porarily continues the existing limited compliance waiver, originally
issued by the Administrator on April 10, 1990 (55 FR 13480), pending
final action on the ongoing rulemaking proceedings, but in no event
beyond June 1, 1991.
CL-PHOSPHA PHOSPHATES
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NATL PJOS STD HAZ AP
10043-92-2 RADON
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
281 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS
2819 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS, NEC
287 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2874 PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS
55 FR 40879 10-05-90
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission
Guidelines for Existing Sources: Municipal Waste Combustors
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ESD
Abstract: Supplemental information on mercury emissions. Standards
of performance (i.e., new wource performance standards) for new, modi-
fied, and reconstructed municipal waste combustors (MHC's) and emis-
sion guidelines for existing MWC's were proposed in the Federal Regis-
ter on December 20, 1989 (54 FR 52209). This notice announces the
availability of supplemental information on mercury emissions from
MHC's for review and comment.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS NEW SRC PRFRMNCE STD
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
7439-97-6 MERCURY
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I
«k
CO
55 FR 45804 10-31-90
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Benzene
Emissions from Chemical Manufacturing Process VEnts, Industrial
Solvent Us«, Benzene Wast* Operations, Benzene Transfer Operations,
and Gasolin* Marketing Systasi; Corraction
IPX, Research Triangle Park, HC, ESD
Abstract: Final rule; correction. This document clarifies the appli-
cability of Section 61.300(a) of the National Emission Standard for
Benzene Transfer Operations which was promulgated in the Federal Reg-
ister on Wednesday, March 7, 1990 (55 FR 8341). This action is neces-
sary to clarify that the benzene transfer rule does not apply to the
loading of crude oil, natural gas liquids or petroleum distillates
such as fuel oil, diesel or kerosene. It was never EPA's intent that
the benzene transfer rule apply to crude oil, natural gas liquids or
petroleum distillates. The benzene content of these materials is well
below the 70 percent cutoff in the regulation and will never approach
this cutoff. The notice also changes the applicability date of Sec-
61.300(e) of the regulation as it applies to the loading of benzene
into marine vessels. This change is necessary to allow facilities
adequate time to design, purchase and install vapor control systems
that comply with the U.S. Coast Guard standards that were issued June
21, 1990 (55 FR 25396) and that are effective July 23, 1990. This
correction is consistent with EPA' s intent to provide an industry-wide
waiver of 1 year so that facilities can take into consideration the
Coast Guard standards that address safe design, installation and oper-
ation of marine vessel vapor control systems.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESRAP NATL SKIS STD HAZ AP
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
286 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
2865 CYCLIC CRUDES AND INTERMEDIATES
29 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
291 PETROLEUM REFINING
2911 PETROLEUM REFINING
33 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
331 BLAST FURNACE AND BASIC STEEL PRODUCTS
3312 BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL MILLS
49 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
495 SANITARY SERVICES
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
51 WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
517 PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
5171 PETROLEUM BULK STATIONS 4 TERMINALS
5172 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, NEC
71-43-2 BENZENE
8006-61-9 GASOLINE
55 FR 48406 11-20-90
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Asbestos
NESHAP Revision
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, ISB
Abstract: Final rule. This Federal Register notice promulgates rules
under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act for asbestos emissions and is
based on the Administrator's determination that asbestos presents a
significant risk to human health as a result of air emissions from one
or more source categories and is therefore a hazardous air pollutant
(see 36 FR 03031 03-31-71). The purpose of the revisions promulgated
in this notice is to enhance enforcement and promote compliance with
the current standard without altering the stringency of existing con-
trols. On January 10, 1989 the EPA proposed amendments to the asbes-
tos NESHAP that would require control device and fugitive emission
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting for asbestos milling, manu-
facturing, and fabricating operations. For planned demolitions and
renovations, revisions to the notification requirements were proposed,
and safety was added as a reason for exemption from the use of wet re-
moval methods. Recordkeeping requirements were proposed for asbestos
waste disposal. Clarifying revisions to several definitions and pro-
visions were also proposed. Numerous comments were received on the
proposed revisions, and this notice responds to those comments, and
incorporates changes as a result of those comments. Corrections were
made at 56 FR 1669 1-16-91.
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NESHAP NATL EMIS STD HAZ AP
1332-21-4 ASBESTOS
15 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
152 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
154 NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
16 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION, EX. BUILDING
17 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
179 MISC. SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
1795 WRECKING AND DEMOLITION WORK
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55 FR 51010 12-11-90
Standard* of Performance for Hew Stationary Source*; Polypropylene,
Polyethylene, Polystyrene, and Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Manufacturing Industry
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, BSD
Abstract: Final rule. Standard* of performance to limit volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) emissions from new, modified, and reconstructed
proce** sections at certain polymer manufacturing plant* were proposed
in the Federal Register on 9-30-87 (52 FR 36676) . A new approach for
determining which proce* emt**ion* from polypropylene and polyethyl-
ene production would be subject to the proposed standards was pre-
ented for public comment in the Federal Register on 1-10-89 (54 FR
890). Thi* action promulgate* these standards of performance for
polypropylene, polyethylene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
plants. These standard* implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act
and are based on the Administrator's determination that emissions froa
these polymer manufacturing facilities cause, or contribute signifi-
cantly to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to en-
danger public health or welfare. The intended effect of these stan-
dard* i* to require all new, modified, and reconstructed process sec-
tions at these polymer manufacturing plants to achieve emission levels
that reflect the be*t demonstrated system of continuous emi**ion re-
duction considering costs, non-air quality health, and environmental
and energy impact*.
CL-VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
EPA ENVIROtMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FR FED REGISTER NOTICES
NSPS NEW SRC PRFFMNCE STD
25038-59-9 POLY (OXYETHYLENE OXYTEREPHTBALOYL)
25322-69-4 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL
30 ROBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
308 MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC
9002-88-4 POLYETHYLENE
9003-53-6 STYRENE, POLYMERS
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APPENDIX A
INDEX TO NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE
NEWSLETTER: DECEMBER 1983 THROUGH MAY 1991
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ABOUT THE NEWSLETTERS
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse Newsletter is
published by the Clearinghouse to inform interested persons of current
activities related to toxic air pollutants. To be placed on the mailing list,
contact the Clearinghouse staff at (919) 541-0850 or (FTS) 629-0850.
HOW TO USE THIS INDEX
Alphabetically arranged key word headings (in boldface type) are
followed by a subheading describing the context in which the key word appears
in the indexed Newsletter article. The title of the article itself is not
given since, for example, an article on California's process of identifying
and controlling toxic air pollutants might discuss at length, or, at the other
end of the scale, briefly mention, a good many topics of interest to
Newsletter readers. Both broad topics of discussion and brief mentions of an
item are indexed for the sake of completeness.
The subentry is followed in turn by a locator consisting of the
Newsletter month and year plus page number on which the information may be
found. Subsequent references to the key word in other Newsletters are
separated by semicolons and have their own subentry phrases as necessary.
Thus, the entry, Acetaldehvde. tells the reader that he may find that
substance referred to in the context of California's air toxics identification
and control process on page 5 of the December 1984 Newsletter. The second
locator tells the reader that further information on acetaldehyde in the same
context (in this case, California revised the list mentioned in the
December 1984 article) may be found on page 6 of the May 1985 issue.
A number in parentheses is the page number assigned by order; the first
issue of the Newsletter did not have page numbers.
A-l
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AALs: See Ambient levels, acceptable
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): Jan 1988, 5; compared to RfDs, July 1988, 6-7
Accidental releases: Sept 1990, 4; and Houston regional monitoring program,
Mar 1988, 10; Houston program and, May 1988, 4; Massachusetts air toxics
provisions for, Jan 1989, 2; New Jersey proposes rule to cover,
Mar 1988, 6-7; possible TDI releases studied by CTC, June 1987, 4-5;
prevention of specified in Clean Air Act amendments, July 1990, 9;
symposium held on, Dec 1986, 11; TACB permit review and, Jan 1988, 2-3;
training course to prevent, Mar 1987, 5
Acetaldehyde: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; California
versus source test method for, Mar 1991, 7-8; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Acetone: May 1988, 5; May 1990, 5, 6; and Michigan's use of air stripping of
VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Acetophenone: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
ACGIH TLV: basis for South Carolina air toxics limits, Jan 1991, 2-3;
hazardous substances, workplace exposure guidelines for, Sept 1986, 3;
and KFEL, Jan 1988, 6; and Maine's air toxics control program, Dec 1983
(7); and Massachusetts air toxics control program, Sept 1984, 5; and
NESCAUM regional strategy to control perchloroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7;
not used in Kentucky regulation, May 1988, 2; and Ohio interim air
toxics policy, Mar 1987, 3; for urea, Nov 1988, 5; use of factored TLV
in regulating air toxics, Mar 1987, 4; used in air toxics limits by New
Mexico, Jan 1991, 3-4; used in Florida air toxics standards, Mar 1991,
4; used in Mississippi permit review program, Dec 1986, 5; used by New
York in methylene chloride limits, Sept 1989, 4-5; used in Puget Sound
air toxics rule, Nov 1990, 1; used in Virginia regulation, Dec 1989, 4;
and Wisconsin's air toxics program, Sept 1986, 3; and Virginia Air
Pollution Control Board rules, Dec 1984, 5-6
Acid gases: as products of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; BACT
required for biomedical waste incineration in Oklahoma, May 1991, 4, 7
Add scrubbing: tested in hospital sterilizers, May 1988, 9-10
Acrolein: May 1985, 6; May 1988, 5; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; verified RfC,
Nov 1990, 2
Acrylamide: RfC, non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Acrylic acid: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Acrylic fibers: and EPA prototype scheme for handling,, Sept 1984, 3
A-2
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Acrylonitrile: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and EPA report on locating and
estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA-sponsored workshop on,
June 1986, 11; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3;
EPA report on, July 1984, 6; Ohio evaluation of, Mar 1987, 2;
State/local option to evaluate prior to regulation, Dec 1984, 8-9; TACB
reviews sources of, Jan 1988, 3
Actionable levels: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)
Acute Hazards List: and EPA's air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 5-6
Aerometrlc Information Retrieval System (AIRS): introduced by EPA,
Jan 1989, 9-10; 13
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): releases
toxicological profile, July 1989, 10-11
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL): Jan 1988, 8; develops
indoor air pollution sources document, Jan 1991, 4-5; functions of,
Feb 1985, 2-3; issues hazardous air pollutant report, Sept 1986, 11;
plans indoor air pollution sources reports, Jan 1991, 4-5; studies
indoor air pollution sources, Mar 1991, 4-5
Air Pathway Analysis: May 1988, 7; conducted at Superfund hazardous waste
sites, Nov 1988, 8; OAQPS Guide revised, Jan 1991, 2
Air pollutants, hazardous: See Air pollutants, toxic
Air pollutants, toxic: See also entries under individual States; May 1985,
2-3; May 1985, 7; June 1986, 2-4; June 1986, 8-10; Sept 1986, 10;
Dec 1986, 10; Sept 1987, 8-9; Nov 1987, 8-9; Jan 1989, 13; Sept 1990, 4;
air toxics program development guidance available (report), Mar 1986, 6;
benzene as contributor to problem of, Sept 1984, 2-3; and CAA
reauthorization, Apr 1984, 3-4; and cancer, Apr 1984, 6; and Chemical
Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP), June 1986, 2-4; director of
coordinating groups for, July 1984, 3; list of chemicals and their
regulatory status, Dec 1985, 10; data base cross-references with source,
Sept 1990, 9; defined, Dec 1983 (1); development of State and local
control programs for, Dec 1983 (4); developing standards for, Dec 1983
(4-5); emissions data requested by EPA, Mar 1987, 11-12; and emissions
inventory procedures, Mar 1986, 11; and EPA meeting with industry
leaders, May 1990, 9; and EPA prototype scheme for handling high
Individual risk/low national incidence, Sept 1984, 3; EPA reports on,
Sept 1984, 2; EPA/OAQPS screening study to monitor, Dec 1986, 10; and
EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4-5; and EPA strategy to control,
Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA strategy to control both routine and accidental
releases, Aug 1985, 5-7; and Harvard School of Public Health project,
May 1985, 7; hazardous air pollutant prioritization system (HAPPS),
Feb 1984, 5; information on through NATICH/TRIS link, Dec 1989, 1-2;
A-3
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Air pollutants, toxic (continued): link with cancer studied, Nov 1988, 9; and
list of current projects on, May 1985, 2; list of hazardous air
pollutants under proposed Clean Air Act revisions,, May 1 MYDP, permit
review support evaluated by EPA, Mar 1987, 11; dispersion,
transformation models needed, Jan 1988, 8; NATICH report on State/local
air toxics agency activities, Dec 1984, 1; and NESCAUM control policy
guideline, Dec 1983 (6); and NESCAUM regional strategy for
perchloroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7; and new APCA committee, Aug 1985, 9;
nonaccidental releases of, Nov 1987, 10; noncarcinogenic, Dec 1984, 2;
OAQPS publishes program manual, Sept 1990, 9; OAQPS reports on,
Jan 1988, 10-11; and ozone attainment, Nov 1987, 4-5; Region VI
accidental release program, June 1986, 4-5; research needs highlighted,
Jan 1988, 7-8; and State/local air pollution control agencies,
Sept 1984, 3; STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on, Dec 1985, 8-9; STAPPA/ALAPCO
policy on, Feb 1985, 4-5; STAPPA/ALAPCO nationwide survey on, Feb 1984,
6; STAPPA/ALAPCO survey of strategies on, Nov 1988, 9-10; training
course to prevent accidental releases of, Mar 1987, 5; vegetation damage
from, Feb 1985, 4
Air pollutants, toxic - State programs: California Air Resources Board list
of, May 1985, 6; California agency program to reduce, Dec 1986, 3-4;
California agency's study of in-car exposure described, June 1987, 3;
California to compile list of, July 1988, 5-6; California rule on
permits, carcinogens, Mar 1989, 5-7; California rule governing,
Mar 1988, 2, 4-5; Connecticut's regulation to control, Sept 1986, 4;
defined by Louisiana regulation, Dec 1989, 2; EPA Control Technology
Center instituted, Dec 1986, 2; EPA encourages control of, Jan 1989,
3-6; EPA strategy for, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA strategy for routine and
accidental releases, Aug 1985, 5-7; Indiana prepares regulation,
May 1990, 1, 8; Kentucky regulation of, May 1988, 2-3; Louisiana program
on, Dec 1989, 2-3; and Maine air toxics inventory, Sept 1984, 4;
Maryland adopts comprehensive regulations for, Jari 1989, 10-12; Maryland
agency divides into two classes, Sept 1987, 4; Maryland assesses air
toxics reduction, Mar 1991, 5-6; Massachusetts monitoring of, Jan 1989,
2-3; and Massachusetts program, Sept 1984, 5; Michigan establishes
health-based program to address, May 1990, 6-7; Nebraska regulation
convening, Sept 1989, 2-3; New Mexico sets limits for, Jan 1991, 3-4;
New York, New Jersey Region II study, Sept 1990, 5-6; and New York toxic
air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7-8; North Carolina
reviews list of for regulation, Mar 1987, 4; North Carolina adopts new
regulation, Mar 1990, 1-2; and Puget Sound asbestos regulation,
Mar 1986, 8; Puget Sound regulates, Nov 1990, 1; RAPCA emissions data
base described, June 1987, 10; Rhode Island amends nuisance regulation,
Jan 1991, 1-2; Rhode Island program to monitor solvents in ambient air,
Mar 1987, 5-6; South Carolina regulates, Jan 1991, 2-3; Texas assesses
health impacts of existing sources, May 1991, 1-2; Vermont regulations
on, July 1989, 3-4; and Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board
rules, Dec 1984, 5-6; Washington State proposes regulation to limit
woodstove emissions, June 1987, 6-7; Wisconsin authority upheld in
industry challenge, Nov 1990, 4; Wisconsin program on, Sept 1986, 2-4
A-4
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Air Pollution Control Association (APCA), annual meeting of: abstracts of
papers, Sept 1984, 6-7; specialty conference on toxic air pollutants
(announced), Aug 1985, 9; and new air toxics committee, Aug 1985, 9
Air RISC: Mar 1991, 2, 5; July 1989, 11; May 1990, 3-4; May 1991, 9;
distributes risk communication publications, Mar 1991, 6-7; function of
Nov 1988, 4-5; introduction of, July 1988, 4-5; issues risk assessment
glossary, Sept 1989, 10; new projects, Sept 1990, 10; plans waste
combustor brochures, May 1991, 10; presents workshop on risk assessment,
Mar 1989, 5; publishes health effects summary for steel mills, Nov 1990,
9; recent requests described, Jan 1991, 5; recent services highlighted,
Jan 1989, 9; services of, July 1988, 4-5; testifies in Virginia carbon
disulfide case, Dec 1989, 5
A1r stripping: EPA issues directive on use of, Dec 1989, 9; report on
published by CTC, June 1987, 5; technical guidance for prepared by CTC,
Mar 1988, 9; and vacuum extraction, Jan 1990, 10; and VOCs during
groundwater cleanup, Dec 1985, 2-3
Air toxics control: See also Control technology; environmental group/industry
views on, Dec 1983 (4); EPA Control Technology Center instituted, Dec
1986, 2; EPA encourages control of, Jan 1989, 3-6; EPA/AEERL report on,
Sept 1986, 11; EPA strategy for, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA strategy for
routine and accidental release, Aug 1875, 5-7; and EPA strategy to
control both routine and accidental releases, June 1986, 8-10;
Federal/State/local role in, Dec 1983 (4); and Federal grant support
program for, Aug 1984, 4-5; integrated approaches to, Dec 1983 (5);
integrated approach to, Feb 1984, 4; and NATICH data base contents,
June 1986, 1-2; NESCAUM control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6); and
Region VI inspection program, June 1986, 4-5; relation of ozone
attainment policy to, Nov 1987, 4-5; 1983 workshop on, Feb 1984, 3-5;
workshops for State and local agencies on, Dec 1986, 2
Air toxics control - State programs: California agency proposes chromium
rule, Mar 1988, 4-5; coordinators attend retreats to share ideas,
Jan 1990, 3; Maryland's department of the environment described,
Sept 1987, 3-4; Monterey Bay agency described, Mar 1988, 2-4; new
Mississippi permit review program outlined, Dec 1986, 5; Ohio Division
of Air Pollution Control Management described, Mar 1987, 2; Ontario's
assessment and, Mar 1988, 7; South Coast Air Quality Management
district described, June 1; South Dakota Department of Water and Natural
Resources described, Nov 1987, 3; STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on,
Sept 1986, 10; and State integration, July 1984, 2
Air Toxics Exposure and Risk Information System (ATERIS): May 1990, 1
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: See NATICH
A1r toxics programs: "model" State, Aug 1985, 3; and MYDPs, Sept 1987, 13-14
Air toxics regulatory process: overview of, Feb 1984, 5
A-5
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Alaska: analyzes wood smoke, Nov 1987, 3-4, spotlight on ammonia standards,
Mar 1991, 1-2; urea dust in, Nov 1988, 4-5
Alkenes: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5
Ally! chloride: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; listed as
Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Ambient air: California agency's monitoring program for, June 1987, 3;
characterization of, Feb 1984, 4; impacts upon from California ethylene
oxide emissions, July 1990, 2; monitoring studies of, Feb 1984, 4;
sampling of in Alaska, Nov 1987, 3-4; standards for and South Dakota air
toxics program, Nov 1987, 3; State ambient air quality standards
(AAQSs), Sept 1986, 4; TAC emissions limits for defined by California
rule, Mar 1988, 3-4
Ambient levels, acceptable (AALs): emissions from Superfund sites studied,
May 1988, 6-7; EPA report on, Jan 1989, 13; how derived in Rhode Island
air toxics regulation, Sept 1988, 2-3; information in NATICH data base,
July 1989, 1; Maryland regulation requirements for, Jan 1989, 11-12; and
Massachusetts' air toxics control program, Sept 1984, 5; Massachusetts
sets method to derive, Jan 1990, 4; NATICH report on, May 1985, 2;
NESCAUM control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6); for new source review
developed by FLATWG, Mar 1991, 4; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; sampled in IACP Boise study,
May 1988, 6; TACB monitoring of, Jan 1988, 3; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2; used in New York's research recovery stack
emissions assessment program, Sept 1986, 8; used by PSAPCA to rank
risks, July 1988, 2; used in Rhode Island nuisance' evaluation, Jan 1991,
1-2; Wisconsin definitions of, Sept 1986, 3-4
Ambient levels, allowable: basis for South Carolina's described,
Jan 1991, 2-3
Ambient monitoring: Florida seeking information on, Dec 1986, 11; Houston
program and, May 1988, 4; information in NATICH data base, July 1989,
1-2; Kentucky's plan for described, May 1988, 3; TACB evaluates short-
term impacts with, May 1991, 1-2
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists: See ACGIH
Ammonia: July 1990, 9; Alaska sets air quality standards for, Mar 1991, 1-2;
Maryland Consent Orders to reduce, Mar 1991, 5-6; Nebraska investigates
emission impacts of, Sept 1989, 3; de-listed in proposed Clean Air Act,
May 1990, 9; toxicity of, Nov 1988, 5; and urea plant in Alaska ammonia
standard, Mar 1991, 1-2
Ammonium sulfate: measurement of in IACP project to identify airborne
carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7
A-6
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APCA: See Air Pollution Control Association
Anhydrous ammonia: July 1990, 9
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride: July 1990, 9
Anhydrous sulfur dioxide: July 1990, 9
Anthropogenic emissions: NAPAP prepares inventory of data, May 1989, 9-10
Aniline: and damage to vegetation, Feb 1985, 4; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Anodizing facilities: Nov 1990, 1
Area sources: and cancer risk, Jan 1989, 4; CTC studies regulation of,
Sept 1988, 5; defined under proposed Clean Air Act amendments, Mar 1990,
10; OAQPS document on estimating emissions from, Sept 1989, 9-10
Aromatics: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5
Arsenic: May 1985, 6; Dec 1986, 10; Jan 1989, 4; Jan 1990, 7; Mar 1990, 7;
May 1990, 5, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; and EPA rulemaking on, Sept 1984, 9;
as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and New York's
toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Ohio
evaluation of, Mar 1987, 2; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator
emissions, May 1991, 4; TACB reviews sources of, Jan 1988, 3
Arsine: Sept 1988, 4
Asbestos: May 1985, 6; Jan 1989, 4; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; Florida county adopts
fee schedule for, Sept 1990, 3; Florida NESHAP enforcement delegated,
Sept 1990, 4; model inspection program nears completion, Mar 1987,
10-11; NESHAP enforcement in California, June 1987, 2-3; Ohio NESHAP
enforcement, Mar 1987, 2; Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency
regulation adopted on, Mar 1986, 8
Ash: as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; sampled at
city incinerator, Sept 1986, 9
Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO): See State and
Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators (STAPPAJ/Association of
Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO)
Atmospheric deposition: subject of Puget Sound Study, Dec 1989, 3-4
Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory (ASRL): Jan 1988, 8
Automated Woodstove Emissions Sampler (AWES): Dec 1986, 9
A-7
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Automobile air conditioners: Oregon rule controls CFC-12, Nov 1990, 7-8
Automobile refinishing: Sept 1988, 4; Nov 1990, 1
Automobiles: California standards for, Mar 1990, 3-4
Averaging times: and NESCAUM control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6)
BACT: See Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
Benzene: May 1985, 6; May 1989, 9; July 1989, 7, 9; May 1990, 5, 6, 8; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; carcinogenicity of emissions, Feb 1984, 3; CAA Section 112
ruling on, Feb 1984, 2-3; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; EPA publishes report on, May 1988, 10-11; and EPA/IEMD
ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA/OAQPS report on emissions
of, Mar 1988, 11; and EPA rulemaking on three source categories,
Sept 1984, 9; EPA rules to reduce emissions of, Dec 1989, 11; four
approaches for NESHAP outlined, Sept 1988, 9-11; health impacts assessed
in gasoline study, Dec 1989, 6-8; Indiana rule to reduce emissions of,
May 1990, 8; Maryland Consent Orders to reduce, Mar 1991, 5-6; and
Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; and fugitive
emissions at petroleum refineries/chemical manufacturing plants,
Feb 1984, 2; NESHAP specifications for, Sept 1987, 12; Wisconsin
authority to regulate sources upheld, Nov 1990, 4-5
Benzene storage and transfer: as benzene emissions source, Sept 1988, 10; EPA
rulemaking on, Sept 1984, 9; EPA rules on emissions from, Dec 1989, 11;
and CAA rulemaking, Feb 1984, 2
Benzene waste operations: EPA proposes regulation of benzene from, Dec 1989,
Benzo(a)pyrene: Dec 1986, 10; July 1988, 2, 3; Jan 1989,, 9; Mar 1990, 7;
May 1990, 8; as emission from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 3-5; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; study of, Sept 1984, 2
Benzoic acid: May 1990, 5, 6; use of residue for fuel, Jan 1988, 4
Benzyl chloride: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Beryllium: May 1985, 6; July 1989, 10; May 1990, 5, 6; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7
Best Available Control Technology (BACT): Sept 1988, 3, 13; Jan 1989, 5;
Jan 1989, 11; Mar 1990, 6; May 1991, 1; applied to municipal waste
incinerators, Sept 1987, 9; BACT/LAER Clearinghouse, Jan 1989, 6; and
A-8
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Best Available Control Technology (BACT) (continued): California's air toxics
control program, Dec 1983,(7); California agency rule defines, Mar 1988,
3; and Michigan's air toxics control program, Feb 1984, 4; NESCAUM
adopts guideline for, Jan 1989, 6-7; specified in Kentucky regulation,
May 1988, 3; cited in California rule on carcinogens, Mar 1989, 6-7; New
Mexico requires for new carcinogen sources, Jan 1991, 3-4; New Mexico's
definition is technology-based, Jan 1991, 3-4; evaluated for New York
film manufacturing facility, Sept 1989, 4-5; required by Indiana
regulation, May 1990, 1, 8; required by Puget Sound, Nov 1990, 1;
required on Oklahoma biomedical waste incinerators, May 1991, 4, 7; for
suspected carcinogens in Wisconsin, Nov 1990, 4; T-BACT required in
California proposed rule, June 1987, 2; T-BACT required in Maryland's
proposed air toxics regulations, Sept 1987, 3; Texas Air Control Board
program, Jan 1988, 2-4; and Wisconsin's hazardous air pollutant program,
Sept 1986, 3
Blphenyl: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: May 1990, 5
Boilers: Jan 1988, 4
Bromine: July 1990, 9; listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New
Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Bromodichloromethane: May 1990, 5
Bromomethane: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
"Brown Cloud" study: conducted in Denver, Jan 1990, 2, 11
Bulletin board system: ORD's Center for Environmental Research, Mar 1991, 10
Burden of proof: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)
Butadiene, 1,3-: Sept 1987, 12; California VOC source test method includes,
Mar 1991, 7-8; High Risk Point Source study on, May 1991, 8-9; OAQPS
publishes emission report on, Jan 1990, 1; regulatory status of under
Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Butyl benzylphthalate: May 1990, 5
Cadmium: May 1985, 6; Dec 1986, 10; Sept 1987, 8; Jan 1990, 7; Mar 1990, 7;
May 1990, 5, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; Clean Air Act Amendments require
municipal waste combustor standard for, Mar 1991, 8-9; as contributor to
air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; regulatory status of under Clean Air
Act, Dec 1985, 10; as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986,
8-9
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California: See also California Air Resources Board (CARB), Santa Barbara
APCD, South Coast/AQMD; air toxics control program case study, Feb 1984,
4; air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4); co-sponsors municipal waste
combustion workshop. Mar 1987, 8; develops noncancer risk assessment,
Jan 1990, 5-6; initiates "hot spots" information program, July 1988,
5-6; local agency program to reduce toxic air contamination risk,
Dec 1986, 3-4; proposed carcinogen policy of, Dec 1983 (5);
Proposition 65 and ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 3; publishes toxics
directory, July 1990, 8; spotlight on Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution
Control District, Mar 1988, 2-4
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA): publishes
manual on source assessment, Dec 1986, 4; risk assessment guidelines
complemented by Santa Barbara model, Nov 1990, 8-9
California Air Resources Board (CARB): amends source test methods, Mar 1991,
7-8; contaminant identification and control process, Dec 1984, 3-5;
establishes rule covering permits, carcinogens, Mar 1989, 5-7; and new
public information program, July 1988, 5-6; prepares regulation for "hot
spots," Mar 1990, 2, 3, 10; and prioritized list of potential toxic air
contaminants, May 1985, 6
California Department of Health Services: California site mitigation (toxic
clean up) document prepared by, Mar 1986, 6
Canada: Region V conducts transboundary project with, May 1989, 5-6
Cancer, risk of: See also Carcinogens; Risk assessment; associated with urban
air toxics, Sept 1987, 7; as basis for permit application review,
Dec 1986, 5; from benzene emissions, Dec 1989, 11; Chicago risk
assessment and, Mar 1989, 10-11; covered in Massachusetts AAS, Jan 1990,
4; effects of gasoline vapors on, Dec 1989, 6-8; EPA issues report on,
May 1989, 10; and EPA's six-month study, Jan 1989, 7; HEM II assesses,
May 1991, 3; how determined in Mississippi permit review program,
Dec 1986, 5; information on 205 facilities posing greatest risk,
May 1990, 1, 2, 9; and landfill gas-fired projects, July 1990, 6; link
with air toxics studied, Nov 1988, 9; mentioned in Maine radon study,
June 1987, 7; NPPB issues document on, Sept 1989, 10; proposed
regulation to TSDFs to remove, July 1989, 10; and radon emissions from
uranium in soil, Mar 1986, 3-5; reduced by control of air strippers,
Dec 1989, 9; reduced by control of PM and VOC, Nov 1987, 5; related to
point and area sources, Jan 1989, 4; and relationship to toxic air
pollutants, May 1985, 2-3; Vermont regulates compounds that contribute
to, July 1989, 3
Carbon-14: Nov 1988, 3-4; as tracer for wood smoke, Mar 1986, 7
Carbon adsorption: as VOC control technology, Dec 1985, 3
A-10
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Carbon dioxide: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; as product of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9
Carbon dlsulfide: May 1989, 9; May 1990, 5; emissions violate Virginia
regulation, Dec 1989, 4-5; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Carbon monoxide: Sept 1990, 4; Dec 1986, 8; July 1990, 7; as emission from
residential wood combustion devices, May 1985, 4-5; and NESCAUM
automobile emission standards, Mar 1990, 3,4; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits
biomedical waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; as product of
resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; and wood heater NSPS,
Dec 1986, 7
Carbon tetrachlorlde: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Sept 1987, 12; Mar 1989, 11;
July 1989, 7,9; May 1990, 8; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6; link to ozone
depletion, May 1989, 7-8; and Michigan's use of air stripping' of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Carbonyls: measured in Boise, May 1988, 4-5
Carcinogenic Assessment Group (CAG): Jan 1988, 9
Carcinogens: See also Cancer, risk of; IRIS; Mutagens; May 1985, 3-5;
Dec 1989, 6-8; and air pollution, report on, Apr 1984, 6; Air RISC
addresses styrene as a, Jan 1991, 5; and benzene emissions, Feb 1984, 3;
considered in NESCAUM perchloroethylene document, Sept 1986, 11; and EPA
air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA air toxics strategy,
June 1986, 8; and EPA emissions inventories, June 1986, 10; EPA risk
assessment guidelines available on, July 1988, 11; and EPA Six Months
Study, Apr 1984, 4-5; in halogenated solvents releases, Nov 1987, 7-8;
HERL develops method to evaluate genetic activity of, July 1988, 8-9;
incinerator emissions and, Sept 1986, 9; and IACP evaluation of wood
smoke photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; inhaled gasoline vapor
as, Sept 1984, 9; and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
list of, Dec 1983 (6); and IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-6; IACP
project to identify airborne, Mar 1986, 7; measured in IACP Roanoke
Study, Jan 1990, 7-8; measured in IACP sugar beet study, May 1988, 4-5;
measured in IACP study of woodstoves, Dec 1986, 9-10; NATICH report on
risk assessment for, Mar 1987, 1; PCD-dioxins as, Sept 1986, 8; and '
proposed standards on radionuclides, Dec 1984, 7-8; risk assessment
document released, Jan 1990, 9; and STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on hazardous
air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5; and toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 2-3;
and toxic air pollutants, June 1986, 1; residential wood combustion
emissions, Feb 1985, 3; and VOCs, Dec 1984, 3
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Carcinogens - State programs: Dec 1985, 3; Nov 1987,3-4; California's proposed
rule on new source review, June 1987, 2; and California Air Resources
Board Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 3-5; and
California's proposed policy on, Dec 1983 (5); California rule covers
permits and, Mar 1989, 5-7; epidemiological investigations encouraged by
California's air toxics program, Dec 1986, 4; hazardous air pollutants
listed by ACGIH, Sept 1986, 3-4; how treated in Maryland air toxics
regulations, Sept 1987, 4; how treated in Mississippi permit review
program, Dec 1986, 5; intervention defined with respect to control of,
Dec 1983 (5-6); method to assess as toxic air pollutant, Mar 1987, 4;
new ethylene oxide rule written for California, July 1990, 2-3; New
Jersey program to control emissions of, July 1989, 7; New Mexico
requires BACT for new sources of, Jan 1991, 3-4; Philadelphia air toxics
control program lists, July 1989, 9; and results of Chicago emissions
inventory, Mar 1987, 7; risk from in Kansas air toxics strategy,
Jan 1988, 7; treated in California's rule on toxic air contaminants,
Mar 1988, 3; Wisconsin requires LAER for, BACT for suspected
carcinogens, Nov 1990, 4
Catalytic oxidation: tested in hospital sterilizers, May 1988, 9-10
CDDs/CDFs: See Dioxins, Dibenzofurans
Centers for Disease Control (CDC): Sept 1986, 9
Chamber studies: used in indoor air emission evaluations, Mar 1989, 8
Chattanooga-Hamilton County APCB: cobalt oxide permitting proceeding,
Jan 1988, 4-6; conducts High Risk Point Source study, May 1991, 8-9
Chemical Activities Status (CAS): report (1982), July 1984, 3
Chemical Coordination Publications List: abstracts from, July 1984, 2-4
Chemical designation: and statutes, July 1984, 3
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP): Dec 1985, 8-9; June 1986, 3;
contents of, June 1986, 2-4; and hotline, Dec 1985, 11; related to SARA
Title III, Dec 1986, 6
Chemical industry: Mar 1988, 7; fugitive emissions from, Jan 1990, 2-3; and
hazardous organic NESHAP, Sept 1987, 12; New Jersey's chemical accident
prevention legislation and, Sept 1986, 5-6; New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) for, Dec 1985, 8; and Region 6 accidental release
inspection program, June 1986, 4-5; symposium held on accident
prevention for, Dec 1986, 11
Chemical Information Resource Handbook: publication of by EPA, Feb 1984, 8
Chemical Manufacturers Association: Community Awareness and Emergency Program
of (CAEP), June 1986, 3
A-12
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Chemical manufacturing plants: benzene fugitive emissions from, Feb 1984, 2;
as source of toxic air pollutants causing vegetation damage, Feb 1985, 4
Chemical selection methods: bibliography of, July 1984, 3
Chlordane: Sept 1989, 7
Chlorinated solvents: Sept 1988, 4; work group examines exposure to,
Nov 1987, 7-8
Chlorine: Jan 1989, 4; July 1990, 9; listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous
Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Chlorine dioxide: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Chlorobenzene: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; EPA draft
source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; OAQPS publishes new
document on, Dec 1986, 10; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Chloroethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): alternatives to, May 1989, 8; link to ozone
studied, May 1989, 7-8; Oregon rule reduces use of; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; Vermont regulation covers, July 1989,
Chloroform: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Sept 1987, 12; Jan 1989, 7, 8;
July 1989, 7, 9, 10; May 1990, 5, 8; as contributor to air toxics
problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; and EPA/IEMD ambient
monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA report on, July 1984, 6; Maryland
Consent Orders to reduce, Mar 1991, 5-6; and Michigan's use of air
stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; regulatory status of under Clean Air
Act, Dec 1985, 10
Chloroprene: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Chrome plating: Nov 1990, 1; covered by California air toxics rule,
Mar 1988, 5
Chromium: Dec 1986, 10; Sept 1987, 8; July 1988, 2; Jan 1989, 4; Mar 1989,
11; Sept 1989, 9; Jan 1990, 7; Mar 1990, 7; May 1990, 5, 6; as
contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
May 1985, 6; EPA proposes ban on cooling tower use, May 1988, 9; EPA
report on locating and estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA
source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; final standard for
A-13
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Chromium (continued): comfort cooling towers issued, Sept 1990, 8-9; and New
York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; as
product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; regulatory
status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; rule proposed by California
agency, Mar 1988, 4-5; TACB reviews sources of, Jan 1988, 3; verified
RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Chrysenes: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7
Clean Air Act (CAA): Sept 1984, 9; Mar 1990, 5, 10, 11; May 1990, 7, 8, 10,
11; draft source category list developed, Mar 1991, 1-2; effectiveness
of, according to House/Senate committee members, Dec 1983 (5); and EPA
decisions on trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, Mar 1986, 9; and
EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA arsenic rulemaking,
Sept 1984, 9; and benzene rulemaking, Feb 1984, 2; and EPA prototype
scheme for handling toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 3-4; and EPA report
assessing toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 2-3; language from used in
Louisiana regulation, Dec 1989, 2; MACT defined under, July 1990, 1,
8-9; proposed rules for operating permits program, May 1991, 1-2; and
proposed standards on radionuclides, Dec 1984, 7-8; reauthorization of,
Apr 1984, 3-4; revisions to proposed, Sept 1989, 3-4; Section 105 grants
and co-control, Jan 1989, 4; Section 110 and NAAQS attainment, Nov 1987,
4-5; Section 111 invoked in regulation of municipal waste combustion
emissions, Sept 1987, 9; Section 112, and intent-to-list, June 1986, 1;
Section 114 letters sent to facilities in cancer risk update, May 1990,
2; Senate offer made, Sept 1990, 1-3; and Six Months Study, Apr 1984,
4-5; and STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on air toxics, Dec 1985, 8-9; and
STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5; and
list of toxic air pollutants and their regulatory status, Dec 1985, 10;
U.S. House of Representatives passes, July 1990, 1, 8-9; Wisconsin's new
definition of "hazardous air contaminant" augments CAA definition of,
Sept 1986, 3-4
Cleanups, toxic: California "decision tree" document on, Mar 1986, 6
Clean Water Act: permitting program model for Title V program, May 1991, 1-2
Closed system engineering: and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4
Coalition of Northeastern Governors (CONEG): conducts woodstove study,
Dec 1986, 8; conducts woodstove study, Dec 1986, 8; prepares report on
woodstove emissions, Jan 1988, 11
Cobalt oxide: Chattanooga-Hamilton County permitting proceeding on,
Jan 1988, 4-6
Co-control of pollutant emissions: defined, Jan 1989, 3-6
A-14
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Coke oven emissions: Sept 1988, 10; Mar 1989, 10; May 1990, 8; health effects
of, Jan 1989, 9; Indiana rule to reduce, May 1990, 8; recovery plants
and benzene, Feb 1984, 2; reductions called for under benzene rule,
Dec 1989, 11; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Colorado: Denver "Brown Cloud" study released, Jan 1990, 2, 11
Combustion: see also Incineration; EPA air toxics strategy and incomplete
combustion, Aug 1985, 3-5; EPA report on hospital incinerators,
Nov 1987, 5-6; IARC study of woodstove emissions described, June 1987,
10; and landfill gas incinerators, July 1990, 6-7; of municipal waste,
workshop on, Mar 1987, 8
Combustion, coal and oil: Sept 1989, 9
Combustion, municipal waste: Nov 1988, 3; Sept 1989, 9; Air RISC plans
brochures on, May 1991, 10; ECAO model assesses indirect human exposures
to, May 1991, 7-8; NSPS sets siting requirements, Mar 1991, 8-9; OAQPS
sets standards for, Mar 1991, 8-9; STAPPA/ALAPCO comment on proposed
regulation for, July 1990, 7; study conducted by CTC/NESCAUM, June 1987,
5; test protocol for development by CTC/NESCAUM, Mar 1988, 9
Combustion, residential wood-fired: Mar 1989, 11; Sept 1989, 5, 7; and Denver
"Brown Cloud" study, Jan 1990, 11; and emission of carcinogens from,
May 1985, 2-3; and IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-7; and OAQPS
development of NSPS on, May 1985, 3-5; Aspen, CO, regulation on,
June 1986, 7-8; regulation adopted in Puget Sound to control emissions
from, March 1990, 6; sampling methods for, Sept 1988, 11-12; studied by
IACP, Nov 1988, 3-4
Combustion sources: Nov 1988, 3; National Tier 4 dioxin study and,
Nov 1987, 8
Community Right-to-Know provisions: under SARA Title III. See SARA Title III
Compliance, certifications of: Title V program to require, May 1991, 1-2
Compliance Data System (CDS): introduced by EPA, Jan 1989, 9-10
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA):
Apr 1984, 3; July 1989, 10-11; Dec 1989, 9; and Massachusetts Toxics Use
Reduction Act, Sept 1990, 8; Reportable Quantity Provisions in,
June 1986, 3; Region 6 inspection program and, June 1986, 5
Connecticut: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7); develops MWC test
protocol, Mar 1988, 9; regulation to control toxic air pollutants
described, Sept 1986, 4-5
Consent decree: issued in Philadelphia incinerator testing, Sept 1986, 9
A-15
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Consumer products: OAQPS begins study of, Jan 1990, 8; Oregon regulates CfC;
halon-containing, Nov 1990, 7-8
Contingency Preparedness Plans: and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6
Control of Air Toxics (CAT): CTC/AEERL can now use in modeling, Sept 1989, 9
Control Programs Development Division (CPDD): and State/local air pollution
control agencies, June 1986, 9-10
Control technology: AEERL research on, Feb 1985, 2-3; California agency rule
defines, Mar 1988, 3; carbon adsorption as, Dec 1985, 3; for chrome
plating industry, Mar 1988, 5; cost of, Dec 1985, 3; evaluated for
Denver's "Brown Cloud" study, Jan 1990, 2, 11; evaluating alternatives
under NESCAUM guideline, Jan 1989, 6-7; under hazardous organic NESHAP,
Sept 1987, 12; for hospital incinerators, Nov 1987, 6; and indoor radon
levels, Mar 1986, 3-5; for landfill gas, July 1990, 5-6; limits of New
Jersey approach to, July 1989, 6; STAPPA/ALAPCO finds need for
information on, Dec 1989, 10; workshop on, Mar 1988, 11
Control Technology Center (CTC): Mar 1991, 5; June 1987, 4-5; Jan 1988, 9;
Mar 1988, 8-9; May 1989, 6-7; May 1991, 9; develops permit review
software, May 1988, 8; described, Dec 1986, 2-3; functions of, Nov 1988,
8; issues air toxics reports, Dec 1989, 5-6; new computer models
described Sept 1989, 9; program growth described, Sept 1988, 4-5
Cooling towers, comfort: Jan 1989, 4j EPA proposes chromium ban in, May 1988,
9; EPA publishes final chromium standards, Sept 1990, 8-9
Copper: May 1990, 5, 6
Copper smelters, primary: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
Cotton gins: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9
Cresol: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Criteria pollutants: May 1991, 4; Florida seeking information on ambient
monitoring of, Dec 1986, 11; defined, Dec 1983 (1); included in
Connecticut air toxics regulation, Sept 1986, 4; New Jersey bases air
toxics program on, July 1989, 6-7
Cumene: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Data LOG'r: Dec 1986, 9
Degreasing: Nov 1990, 1; Sept 1988, 3; Rhode Island regulation of, Mar 1987,
6; work group examines solvent exposure on, Nov 1987, 7-8
A-16
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Delaware: joins air management association, May 1990, 2
Deposition analysis: May 1989, 6
Dialkyl nitrosamines: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Dibenzofurans: in city incinerator ESP, Sept 1986, 9; effects of in Ohio
study, Nov 1988, 2-3; and hospital incinerators, Nov 1987, 5-6
Dibromochloromethane: May 1990, 5
Dibromochloropropane: July 1988, 8
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-: July 1989, 10; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Dichlorobenzene, o-: May 1990, 8
Dichlorobenzene, p-: May 1985, 6; AEERL studies indoor air sources of,
Mar 1991, 4-5; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Dichlorodifluoromethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Mar 1990, 7
Dichloroethane, 1,1-: May 1990, 5; and Michigan's use of air stripping of
VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Dichloroethane, 1,2-: See Ethylene dichloride
Dichloroethylene, 1,1-: May 1990, 5
Dichloroethylene, 1,2-trans-: May 1990, 5
Dichloromethane: See Methylene chloride
Dichloropropane, 1,2-: and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6
Dichloropropene, 1,3-: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Dieldrin: March 1990, 7
Diethylether: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Diethylphthalate: May 1990, 5, 6
Dimethyl amine: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Dimethylformamide: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
A-17
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Dimethylphthalate: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Di-N-butylphthalate: May 1990, 5; RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
D1-N-octylphthalate: May 1990, 5, 6
Dioxane, 1,4-: May 1985, 6; July 1989, 7; May 1990, 8; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Dioxins: See also PCDDs, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins; Sept 1987, 9; in city
incinerator ESP, Sept 1986, 9; and combustion source study, July 1984,
7; effects of in Ohio study, Nov 1988, 2-3; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; EPA national strategy
on, Apr 1984, 2-3; and hospital incinerators, Nov 1987, 5-6; and
municipal waste combustor standard, Mar 1991, 8-9; National Tier 4 study
results, Nov 1987, 8; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; testing for at incinerator, Sept 1986, 8-9
Diphenylthiourea (DPT), emissions of: and damage to vegetation, Feb 1985, 4
Dispersion calculations: used in study of emissions from chemical plant,
Feb 1985, 4
Dispersion models: May 1989, 6; Jan 1990, 7; carried out in Chicago cancer
risk assessment, Mar 1989, 10-11; evaluation of performance of,
Apr 1984, 5; improvements suggested, Jan 1988, 8; Kentucky regulation
requires, May 1988, 3; Philadelphia uses to predict ground level
concentration, July 1989, 9; PIPQUIC used in executing, July 1989, 4;
predicted ambient concentrations in Kansas, Jan 1988, 6-7; and risk
assessment/management, Feb 1984, 2; role in Wisconsin air toxics
program, Sept 1986, 3-4; used in Ontario, Mar 1988, 7; used in New
York's calculations of PCD-dioxin levels, Sept 1986, 8; used in Ohio
sampling study, Nov 1988, 2-3
District of Columbia: joins air management association, May 1990, 2
Dry cleaning: Nov 1990, 1; Sept 1988, 3; Florida regulation of facilities
described, Mar 1987, 3; work group examines solvent exposure in,
Nov 1987, 7-8
Emergency response programs: California agency's emergency response team
described, June 1987, 2-3; and Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program
(CEPP), June 1986, 2-4; commission (ERC) required by SARA Title III,-
Dec 1986, 6; National Governors' Association report on, Sept 1987, 14;
and SARA Title III, Dec 1986, 5-6; South Carolina agency program
described, Sept 1987, 5
Emission factors: compiled for air toxics by OAQPS, Jan 1989, 14; developed
for benzene, Jan 1990, 1; development called for by States, Jan 1988, 7;
for fugitive emissions, Jan 1990, 2-3; included in CARS technical
A-18
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Emission factors (continued): guidance manual, Mar 1990, 10; in OAQPS
pollutant/source data base, Sept 1990, 9; new OAQPS branch focuses on,
Jan 1991, 6
Emission inventories: June 1986, 10; May 1989, 6; Sept 1990, 5; California
agency's compilation of described, Mar 1987, 3; California establishes
program for, July 1988, 5-6; conducted in Chicago cancer risk
assessment, Mar 1989, 10; conducted in South Dakota to begin air toxics
program development, Nov 1987, 3; conducted in urban air toxics
programs, Sept 1987, 7; EPA compilation of, Mar 1987, 11-12; EPA surveys
Chicago area, Nov 1987, 6-7; EPA/OAQPS publishes document on, Dec 1986,
10; information in NATICH data, 9-10; and Massachusetts use reduction
act, Sept 1990, 8; and NATICH data base contents, June 1986, 1-2; new
OAQPS branch focuses on, Jan 1991, 6; prepared by Ontario, Mar 1988, 7;
prepared under SARA Title III reporting requirements, Sept 1987, 11-12;
procedures manual on preparation of, Mar 1986, 11; RAPCA completes for
point sources, Jan 1989, 7-8; requirements for under California
regulation; Mar 1990, 2; Rhode Island uses in air toxics regulatory
decisions, Sept 1988, 2-3; TACB data on, Jan 1988, 3; TACB uses to
predict health impacts, May 1991, 1-2; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2; techniques, Feb 1984, 4; waferboard plant
assessed by CTC, June 1987, 4-5
Emission Measurement Technical Information Center (EMTIC): Mar 1991, 5;
activities highlighted, Jan 1991, 7; established by EPA, Mar 1989, 7;
and OAQPS bulletin board, Sept 1990, 10-11
Emissions estimation: covered in CAPCOA source assessment manual, Dec 1986, 5
Emissions, fugitive: See also Equipment leaks; and California agency rule,
Mar 1988, 2; Chattanooga-Hamilton County study addresses 1,3-butadiene,
May 1991; of toxic chemicals from equipment leaks, Jan 1990, 2-3
Emissions, testing: See also Source sampling, Stack sampling; EMTIC release
information filing system for, Jan 1991, 7
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (ECAO): Mar 1991, 2; Jan 1988,
9; develops indirect human exposure assessment method, May 1991, 7-8
Environmental effects: SARA Section 313 data base introduced,
Sept 1988, 13-14
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EMSL): Jan 1988, 8
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): See also entries under specific
offices, regions; acrylonitrile sources, prototype scheme for handling,
Sept 1984, 3; and Agency Prevention Work Group, June 1986, 4; arsenic
Section 112 rulemaking, Sept 1984, 9; benzene storage facilities as
benzene emission source, rulemaking on, Sept 1984, 9; carcinogens,
airborne, IACP project identifying, Mar 1986, 7; Chemical Activity
Status Report (EPA CASR), defined, Feb 1984, 3; develops hazardous
A-19
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (continued): organic NESHAP, Sept 1987,
12; develops radon risk communication program, Sept 1988, 6-7;
encourages co-control of pollutant emissions, Jan 1989, 3-6; examines
ozone attainment, Nov 1987, 4-5; and hazardous waste TSDF, Apr 1984, 5;
hotline for, Dec 1985, 11; issues report on indoor air, May 1988, 11;
national air toxics strategy section on urban toxics, Mar 1987, 9-10;
studies air toxics/cancer link, Nov 1988, 9; operates risk assessment
forum, Nov 1988, 7-8; outlines policy approaches for benzene regulation,
Sept 1988, 9-11; plans regulation of municipal waste disposal,
Sept 1987, 8-9; prepares indoor air quality plan for Congress,
Sept 1987, 7-8; prepares permit review support, Mar 1987, 11; proposes
ban on chromium in cooling towers, May 1988, 9; proposes Title V
operating permits program, May 1991, 2; report on hospital incinerators,
Nov 1987, 5-6; reviews multi-year development plan progress, Mar 1987,
11; role in indoor air quality, Mar 1989, 8-9; strategy to control both
routine and accidental releases, June 1986, 8-10; studies ethylene oxide
control technology, May 1988, 9-10; technical support for multi-year
development plan (MYDP), June 1986, 9; toxic air pollutants, prototype
scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3-4; trichloroethvlene and
perch!oroethylene, decisions on, Mar 1986, 9; urban air toxics progress
in all regions described, Sept 1987, 6-7
Eplchlorohydrin: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; and EPA
report on locating and estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA draft
source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; TACB reviews sources of, Jan 1988, 3;
verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Epigenetic mechanisms: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)
Equipment leaks: Reg Neg complete for, Mar 1991, 8
Ethylbenzene: May 1991, 9; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984,
5-6; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Ethylbenzene/styrene: plants as benzene emissions source (EPA rulemaking on),
Sept 1984, 9; process vents and CAA rulemaking, Feb 1984, 2
Ethylene dibromide: May 1985, 6; July 1989, 7; May 1990, 8; and California
Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984,
5; process vents, Sept 1988, 10
Ethylene dichloride: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Sept 1987, 12; July 1989, 7,
9; May 1990, 5, 8; California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6; and
EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; facility-specific
reduction program in Puget Sound, Mar 1990, 6-7; and Michigan's Use of
Air Stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; regulatory status of under Clean Air
Act, Dec 1985, 10
A-20
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Ethylene oxide: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Jan 1989, 4; May 1990, 8;
July 1990, 9; Nov 1990, 1; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; control devices for hospital use as
sterilant, July 1988, 10; control devices for, May 1988, 9-10; Nebraska
investigates use as sterilizer, Sept 1989, 3; NESHAP for, May 1990, 9;
OAQPS publishes new document on, Dec 1986, 10; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; Santa Barbara APCD writes new rule
on, July 1990, 2-3
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Ethyl en inline: July 1989, 7
Exposure assessment: Sept 1990, 5; carried out for sludge disposal rule,
Jan 1990, 7; conducted for California ethylene oxide rule, July 1990,
2-3; covered in CAPCOA source assessment manual, Dec 1986, 5; ECAO
develops model for indirect human, May 1991, 7-8; EPA risk assessment
guidelines available on, July 1988, 11; HEM II available for,
May 1991, 3
Exposure Assessment Group (EAG): Jan 1988, 9
Exposure modeling: see Modeling, exposure
Extractable Organic Matter (EOM): May 1989, 5; measured in IACP study,
Nov 1980, 3-4
Extraction processes: as sources of radionuclide emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Fees: Mar 1990, 2; Florida county adopts schedule for asbestos, Sept 1990,
3-4; for permit emissions levied by State governments, June 1987, 11;
schedule for required under California air toxics regulation
Film making: New York firm to reduce methylene chloride emissions from,
Sept 1989, 4-5
Fish processing plants: and Alaska ammonia standard, Mar 1991, 1-2
Florida: air toxics working group (FLATWG) activities described, Mar 1991, 4;
agency seeking information on ambient monitoring, Dec 1986, 11; asbestos
NESHAP enforcement delegated, Sept 1990, 4; considers air toxics during
soil cleanup, Jan 1990, 1, 10; dry cleaning facility regulations
described, Mar 1987, 3; Hillsborough County adopts asbestos fee
schedule, Sept 1990, 3-4
Florida Air Toxics Working Group (FLATWG): drafts Air Toxics Source Review
Strategy, Mar 1991, 4
A-21
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Formaldehyde: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; Dec 1986, 10; July 1988, 2;
Mar 1989, 11; July 1989, 9; Sept 1989, 7; May 1990, 8; Sept 1990, 8;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; California revises source test method for,
Mar 1991; as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; EPA
reports on, July 1984, 6; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Freon 113: May 1990, 8
Fuel, waste-derived: New Jersey rule on, Apr 1984, 2
Furans: See also Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs),
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs); and municipal waste combustor
standard, Mar 1991, 8-9
Gasoline marketing: EPA proposes regulation of benzene from, Dec 1989, 11;
EPA rulemaking on benzene emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9; PSAPCA
estimates regulation effectiveness, Mar 1990, 6
Gasoline vapors: NESCAUM report on, Dec 1989, 6-8
Genetic toxicants: EPA risk assessment guidelines available on suspected,
July 1988, 11; new system to evaluate introduced, July 1989, 8-9
Geographic studies: PIPQUIC developed for, July 1989, 4
Georgia Environmental Protection Division: and control of vegetation damage
from toxic air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4
Glass manufacturing plants: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
Great Lakes Agreement: Mar 1987, 2; Mar 1990, 7; and Indiana regulation,
May 1990, 1; and Region V transboundary project, May 1989, 5-6
Ground water: and air toxics, Jan 1990, 1, 10; report on air strippers for,
June 1987, 5
Halogenated solvents: Nov 1987, 7
Halons: Oregon reduces use of, Nov 1990, 7-8
Hazard Index, EPA's: used in Chattanooga monitoring, Jan 1988, 6; used in
Minnesota risk assessment, May 1989, 3-4; used in Rhode Island nuisance
regulation, Jan 1991, 1-2
Hazardous Air Pollutant Prioritization System (HAPPS): Feb 1984, 5
Hazardous air pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
A-22
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Hazardous material: air toxics from contaminated soil, Jan 1990, 1, 10;
burning of for fuel, Apr 1984, 2; emergency planning guide prepared,
Nov 1987, 10; and Oregon develops training program on, May 1990, 4, 9-10
Hazardous organics: May 1990, 9; EPA develops NESHAP, Sept 1987, 12;
equipment leak standards complete, Mar 1991, 8
Hazardous waste disposal: California agency's enforcement of regulations,
June 1987, 3; document on pathway analyses for, Nov 1988, 8; and EPA Six
Months Study, Apr 1984, 4; Massachusetts air toxics provisions for,
Jan 1989, 2; Oregon develops training program on, May 1990, 4, 9-10;
Texas regulations on disposal of, Jan 1988, 3
Hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities: see Treatment,
Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDF)
Hazard Ranking System: revised, July 1989, 7-8
Health effects: See also IRIS; as basis for chemical-specific air toxics
guidelines, Dec 1983 (4-5); and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4; and chemicals in the
work place, Dec 1983 (6); covered in Massachusetts AALs, Jan 1990, 4;
and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6; of gasoline exposure covered
in NESCAUM study, Dec 1989, 6-8; and Massachusetts air toxics control
program, Dec 1983 (7); noncancer, Sept 1988, 5-6, 8; and NESCAUM control
policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6); OAQPS studies noncancer, Jan 1990, 9,
11; SARA Section 313 data base introduced, Sept 1988, 13-14;
STAPPA/ALAPCO conducts survey of, Nov 1987, 10; STAPPA/ALAPCO finds need
for information on, Dec 1989, 10; and radon emissions from uranium in
soil, Mar 1986, 3; TACB develops biological test system to monitor,
Jan 1988, 3; TACB to review for existing sources, May 1991, 1-2; and
VOCs, Dec 1985, 3
Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL): Jan 1988, 8, 10; develops method
to assess toxics genetic activity, July 1988, 8-9
Health risks: California develops management levels for ethylene oxide rule,
July 1990, 2; and cost, July 1984, 2-3; and dioxin, Apr 1984, 2-3; OAQPS
initiates study of noncancer, Sept 1988, 5-6
Hexachlorobenzene: May 1990, 8
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air .
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Hexane: Sept 1989, 3
Hexane, n-: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Home Evaluation Program (HEP): Maine participation in, Mar 1989, 2
A-23
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Hospital sterilizers: See also Ethylene oxide; EPA studies ethylene oxide
in, May 1988, 9-10; new technology to control ethylene oxide use in,
July 1988, 10
Hospital waste Incinerators: see Incineration, hospital waste
Hot spots: CARB initiates information program on, July 1988, 5-6; CARB
prepares regulation for, Mar 1990, 2, 3, 10; Nebraska performs
dispersion modeling on, Sept 1989, 3; TACB sampling program for,
May 1989, 3; treatment of toxic by CARB, Mar 1988, 5
Houston: monitoring program described, May 1988, 3-4
Human Exposure Model (HEM): Jan 1989, 8; July 1989, 8; May 1990, 2; updated
as HEM II, May 1991, 3; used for High Risk Point Source study,
May 1991, 9
Hydrocarbons: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5; NESCAUM adopts California automobile standard to reduce,
Mar 1990, 3, 4
Hydrochloric acid: as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Hydrogen chloride: May 1989, 9; Air RISC studies short-term health effects
of, Sept 1990, 10; California amends source test methods for, Mar 1991,
7-8; and hospital incinerators, Nov 1987, 5-6; listed as Extraordinarily
Hazardous Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5; Maryland Consent Orders
to reduce, Mar 1991, 5-6; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Hydrogen cyanide: July 1990, 9; listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance
in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Hydrogen fluoride: July 1990, 9; California amends source test method for,
Mar 1991, 7-8; listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New
Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Hydrogen sulfide: Jan 1989, 9; July 1990, 9; listed as Extraordinarily
Hazardous Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5; delisted in proposed
Clean Air Act, May 1990, 10; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Hydroquinone: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Idaho: examines sugar beet VOC emissions, May 1988, 4-5; sampling program in
under IACP, Sept 1988, 11-12
Incineration: dioxin/furan testing for, Sept 1986, 8-9; OAQPS publishes
report on sewage sludge, July 1990, 9; Ohio studies emissions from
sewage sludge, May 1990, 5-6; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
A-24
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Incineration (continued): assessment program, Aug 1985, 7-8; and sewage
sludge rule, Jan 1990, 7; solid waste disposal options discussed,
Sept 1986, 10; used for contaminated soil in Florida, Jan 1990, 10
Incineration at sea: and hazardous wastes, Feb 1984, 6
Incineration, biomedical waste: Air RISC plans brochure for, May 1991, 10;
Rhode Island nuisance regulation includes biomedical waste, Jan 1991,
1-2
Incineration, hospital waste: Nov 1987, 5-6; May 1989, 7; corrections to
study issued, July 1990, 8; and CTC, Mar 1988, 9; EPA report on,
Nov 1987, 5-6; Oklahoma sets performance criteria for, May 1991, 4, 7;
required by California program to submit risk assessments, Dec 1986, 4;
study on released, Jan 1989, 14; Wisconsin is requiring LAER contested,
Nov 1990, 4-5; workshop on, Mar 1988, 11; workshop on, Mar 1988
Indiana: Spotlight on Department of Environmental Management, May 1990, 1, 8
Indoor air pollution: See also Radon; Sept 1990, 4; and AEERL research
approach described, Mar 1991, 4-5; AEERL plans report on products are
sources of, Jan 1991, 4-5; AEERL prepares handbook on sources of,
Jan 1991, 4-5; Air RISC tackles Virginia problem on, Jan 1991, 5; EPA
prepares plan on, Sept 1987, 7-8; EPA report on, May 1988, 11; EPA's
role in controlling quality of, Mar 1989, 8-9; HVAC system role in
problems with, Sept 1989, 8; in-car air toxics study described,
June 1987, 3; and Indoor Air Quality Research Act of 1985, Dec 1985, 9;
and Indoor Air Source Emissions Data Base (IASE) (source
characterization) data base, June 1986, 11; Maine survey of radon in,
Mar 1989, 2; and radon emissions from uranium in soil, Mar 1986, 3-5;
RAPCA describes programs for, Sept 1989, 7-8; as research area for
AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3; sampled in IACP Boise study, May 1988, 6; Staten
Island/New Jersey conducts study, Sept 1990, 5-6; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2
Industry Assistance Office: See TSCA Assistance Office
Industry File Index System (IFIS): defined, Feb 1984, 3; overview of,
July 1984, 4
Information Resources Management (IRM) Managers: listed with their duties,
Sept 1989, 11
Information (computer) services: IRM managers listed with their duties,
Sept 1989, 11
Inhalation pathway: July 1990, 7; cited in California rule on carcinogens,
Mar 1989, 6
A-25
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Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP): airborne carcinogens project, Mar 1986,
7; Boise study described, May 1988, 4-5; description of, May 1985, 2-3;
field studies conducted by, Dec 1985, 5-6; Idaho sampling program,
Sept 1988, 11-12; and project to evaluate mutagenic activity of wood
smoke photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; reports woodstove
emissions measurements, Dec 1986, 9-10; Roanoke selected as study site,
May 1988, 5-6; Roanoke air sampling complete, Jan 1990, 7-8; samples
from identified by GC/MI-IR, Sept 1987, 13; studies mobile source VOC/PM
link, May 1989, 5; studies wind flow and plume dispersion, Sept 1989,
5-6; study of mobile sources and wood smoke mutagenicity, Nov 1988, 3-4;
and support from AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3; woodstove emission study
described, June 1987, 9
Integrated Environmental Management Division (IEMD): ambient monitoring
program on chlorinated organics and aromatics, Apr 1984, 5-6
Integrated Environmental Management Project (IEMP): Jan 1989, 12; Maryland
completes Phase I of, Sept 1987, 3
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): See IRIS
Intent-to-list: and EPA decisions on trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene,
Mar 1986, 9; and Section 112, Clean Air Act, June 1986, 1; and
STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on air toxics, Dec 1985, 8
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): and list of carcinogens,
Dec 1983 (6); list of hazardous air pollutants and carcinogens compiled
by, Sept 1986, 3-4; used in Florida air toxics standards, Mar 1991, 4;
uses HERL genetic toxicity studies, July 1988, 8-9
Intervention: defined with respect to carcinogen control, Dec 1983 (5-6)
IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System): Sept 1987, 14; May 1989, 8;
available to public, July 1988, 10-11; described, Mar 1987, 8-9; eight
RfCs available, Nov 1990, 3; files to be added for SARA Section 313
chemicals, July 1988, 11
Kansas: adopts air toxics strategy, Jan 1988, 6-7; asks Air RISC styrene
question, Jan 1991, 5; uses Kansas Further Evaluation Level (KFEL),
Jan 1988, 6-7
Kentucky: spotlight on air toxics program, May 1988, 2-3
Kerosene heaters: emissions from, Mar 1989, 9
Landfills: alternatives to, Aug 1985, 7-8; California agency's hazardous
waste enforcement efforts at, June 1987, 3; excavation of and South
Coast rule governing toxic emissions from, July 1984, 1-2; emissions
from controlled in California, July 1990, 5-7; information on disposal
A-26
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Landfills (continued): facilities sought, Sept 1987, 15; and odor in Staten
Island/New Jersey, Sept 1990, 5; and NYDEC research recovery stack
emissions assessment program, Sept 1986, 8
LC^: South Carolina uses in air toxics standards, Jan 1991, 2-3
Lead: May 1985, 6; Dec 1986, 10; Dec 1989, 3; Jan 1990, 7; May 1990, 5, 6, 8;
Sept 1990, 4; and California Containment Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; Clean Air Act Amendments require municipal waste
contributor standard for, Mar 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits
biomedical waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; ORD develops blood
lead distribution model, May 1991, 8; as product of resource recovery
facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; South Carolina uses in air toxics standards,
Jan 1991, 2-3; as tracer for mobile source emissions, May 1989, 5
Lead smelters, primary and secondary: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
Leak detection and repair (LDAR): used in equipment leak regulation,
Jan 1990, 2-3
Letter of intent: See Memorandum of Understanding
Louisiana: asks Air RISC styrene question, Jan 1991, 5; implements toxics
program, Dec 1989, 2-3; prepares VOC report, May 1989, 9; and special
study identifying toxic air pollutants, Feb 1984, 6
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER): Sept 1988, 13; basis for NESCAUM top-
down BACT, Jan 1989, 6; for carcinogens in Louisiana, Nov 1990, 4; and
Kansas air toxics strategy, Jan 1988, 7
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL): Nov 1988, 5; how identified in
Rhode Island air toxics regulation, Sept 1988, 2-3; and RfDs,
July 1988, 6
Lowest Observed Effects Level (LOEL): Jan 1988, 5; Dec 1989, 8; used in
noncancer risk assessment, Jan 1990, 9, 11
MACT: See Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
Maine: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7); and air toxics inventory,
Sept 1984, 4; Bureau of Health conducts wood smoke assessment, Dec 1986,
7-8; spotlight on Maine Department of Human Services, Mar 1989, 2; State
agency studies radon in air and groundwater, June 1987, 7-8
Major sources: see also Point sources; Stationary sources; Mar 1990, 5;
defined by proposed revised Section 112, Sept 1989, 3-4
Malathion: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
A-27
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Maleic anhydride plants as benzene emissions source: May 1985, 6; EPA
rulemaking on, Sept 1984, 9; and California Air Resources Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; and CAA rulemaking on process vents,
Feb 1984, 2
Manganese: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; and EPA report on
locating and estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA draft
source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Maryland: adopts comprehensive regulations for toxic air pollutants,
Jan 1989, 10-12; assesses air toxics reductions, Mar 1991, 5-6; calls
Air RISC on nickel risk assessment, Jan 1991, 5; industry prepared for
MACT, Mar 1991, 5-6; joins air management association, May 1990, 2; SARA
Title III data on industries in, Nov 1988, 6; spotlight on Department of
the Environment, Sept 1987, 3-4; studies radon risk communication,
Sept 1988, 6-7
Massachusetts, Commonwealth of: Sept 1984, 5; and air toxics control program,
Dec 1983 (4-5, 7); promotes toxic use reduction, Sept 1990, 7-8; sets
AALs for toxics, Jan 1990, 4; spotlight on air toxics monitoring,
Jan 1989, 2-3
Material safety data sheets (MSDS): Jan 1989, 7
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT): May 1990, 10; July 1990, 1,
8-9; defined under proposed Clean Air Act amendments, Mar 1990, 10, 11;
required under Indiana regulation, May 1990, 8; Senate offer and,
Sept 1990, 2; operating permits used to determine, May 1991, 1-2
Maximum Individual Cancer Risk (MIR): May 1990, 1
Media relations: used in incinerator dioxin testing program, Sept 1986, 8-9
Medical, research, and training facilities: as sources of radionuclide
emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): and EPA prototype scieme for handling
toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 3; and State/local option to evaluate
acrylonitrile, Dec 1984, 9
Mercuric chloride: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Mercury: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 9; Mar 1990, 7; May 1990, 8; July 1990, 7;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; Clean Air Act Amendments require municipal waste
combustor standard for, Mar 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air
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Mercury (continued): contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; as
product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; verified RfC,
Nov 1990, 2
Metals: California drafts source test method for multiple, Mar 1991, 7-8;
emitted by resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Methane: as emission from residential wood combustion devices, May 1985, 4-5
Methyl bromide: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Methyl chloroform: See also Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-; May 1985, 6; May 1990,
8; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Methylene chloride: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Sept 1988, 3; Jan 1989, 7, 8;
May 1989, 9; July 1989, 9; May 1990, 5-6, 8; July 1990, 7, 9; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; and
Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; New York moves to
reduce emissions of, Sept 1989, 4-5; regulatory status of under Clean
Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Methyl ethyl ketone: May 1990, 5
Methyl isocyanate: July 1990, 9; listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous
Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Michigan: Feb 1984, 4; air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4); asks Air
RISC styrene question, Jan 1991, 5; Michigan Air Pollution Control
Commission studies air stripping of volatile organic compounds,
Dec 1985, 2-3; Wayne County establishes health-based toxics information
system, May 1990, 6-7
Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association (MARAMA): formed,
May 1990, 2
Mineral fibers: California investigates source test method for, Mar 1991, 7-8
Mining: cyanide destruction and Alaska ammonia standard, Mar 1991, 1-2
Minnesota: Air RISC reviews risk assessment for, May 1989, 3-4
Mississippi: announces air toxics permit review program, Dec 1986, 5
Mobile sources: and air pollution/cancer report, Apr 1984, 6; Denver's
inspection and maintenance program, Jan 1990, 11; and EPA Six Months
Study, Apr 1984, 5; and emission of carcinogens from, May 1985, 2-3; and
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Mobile sources (continued): IACP project identifying airborne carcinogens,
Mar 1986, 7; and IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-6; IACP studies tracers
for PM emissions from, May 1989, 5; mutagenicity of emissions of,
Nov 1988, 3-4; new regulations for, Dec 1985, 8; Region VI includes in
comparative risk, Sept 1990, 5
Modacryllc fibers: and EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3
Modeling: California agency's use of in compiling emissions inventory,
June 1987, 3; CTC/AEERL install new equipment for, Sept 1989, 9;
examples of, Feb 1984, 4; ISCST used in Virginia regulation, Dec 1989,
4; of mobile source emissions, May 1989, 5; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; numerical, Apr 1984,
2; performed at incinerator, Sept 1986, 9; Puget Sound rule requires in
impacts analysis, Nov 1990, 1; receptor and IACP project identifying
airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; TACB predicts ambient impacts with,
May 1991, 1-2; workshop on, Mar 1988, 11
Modeling, exposure: Human Exposure Model II released, May 1991, 3; indirect
human exposures to municipal waste combustion, May 1991, 7-8; ORD
develops bl.ood lead distribution, May 1991, 3; used to detect
halogenated solvents, Nov 1987, 7-8
Monitoring, air toxics: May 1988, 3-4; May 1989, 2-3; Sept 1990, 5;
California agency's programs for ambient air, June 1987, 3; and
Connecticut air toxics regulation, Sept 1986, 5; considerations of,
Dec 1983 (6); EPA guidance on applying data quality objectives process,
Dec 1989, 5; Houston program described, Mar 1988, 10; Indoor Air Source
Emissions Data Base update, June 1986, 11; Louisiana uses to prepare VOC
report, May 1989, 9; Massachusetts program for, Jan 1989, 2-3; program
conducted by EPA, Apr 1984, 5; program for urban air toxics described,
Sept 1987, 7; PSAPCA uses aerosol sampling protocol in, Dec 1989, 4; for
RCRA VOC/risk assessment program, Sept 1987, 5-6; study of, Sept 1984,
2; used in study of emissions from chemical plant, Feb 1985, 4; and New
Hampshire's air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7); and New Jersey's
air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7-8); in Staten Island/New Jersey
project, Sept 1990, 5-6; TACB programs to assess toxics, Jan 1988, 3;
Title V program to require data, May 1991, 1-2; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2; and Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS),
May 1985, 7; used in Dayton, Ohio, PM network, Mar 1988, 8
Monitoring, continuous emissions: required for CO from Oklahoma biomedical
waste incinerators, May 1991, 4
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer: May 1989, 7;
Nov 1990, 7
Most Appropriate Occupational Level (MAOL): and Massachusetts' air toxics
control program, Sept 1984, 5; and NESCAUM regional air toxics strategy
for perchloroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7
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Multipathway analysis: cited in California rule on carcinogens, Mar 1989, 6;
Santa Barbara risk assessment models accommodates, Nov 1990, 8-9
Multi-year development plan (MYDP): and EPA air toxics strategy, June 1986,
8-9; and EPA urban air toxics programs, Sept 1987, 7; for Philadelphia,
July 1989, 9; progress reviewed, Mar 1987, 11; summary of development,
Sept 1987, 13-14
Municipal waste combustion: see Combustion, municipal waste
Municipal waste disposal: see Solid waste disposal
Mutagens: EPA risk assessment guidelines available on, July 1988, 11; and
IACP evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6;
IACP study of, Nov 1988, 3-4
NAAQS: See National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
NATICH: See National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH)
NATICH data base: Aug 1985, 1-2; Mar 1986, 2-3; June 1986, 1-2; Nov 1987, 2;
May 1989, 1-2; May 1990, 1, 3-4; July 1990, 3-6; agency contacts to
trade releases under SARA, May 1988, 1-2; capabilities of, Mar 1986, 2;
changes in programs and log on procedures, June 1987, 1-2; contents of,
May 1985, 1-2; fees for use of, Dec 1985, 2; function of Newsletter in,
Dec 1983 (2); final development plan for; Dec 1983 (2); how to access,
Feb 1985, 1-2; inception of, Dec 1983 (1); information dissemination
tools, Dec 1983 (2); material covered in, Dec 1985, 1; menu selections
explained, July 1989, 1-2; new password procedures for, Sept 1989, 1-2;
on-line data entry and editing systems initiated, Dec 1986, 1-2; permit
records in, June 1986, 2; reasons for accessing on-line, Sept 1987, 1-2;
risk analysis results incorporated into, Nov 1988, 1-2; security system
for, Sept 1986, 1; State and local agency participation in, July 1988,
1; TRIS access through Dec 1989, 1-2; using passwords for, Mar 1989, 1;
who can use, Dec 1985, 1
NATICH reports: Sept 1986, 2; carcinogen risk assessment is topic of,
Mar 1987, 1; how to obtain, Dec 1985, 2; list of current, Sept 1987, 2;
ordering procedures for, Mar 1986, 3; price list for, Nov 1987, 2;
purposes of, Dec 1983 (1); recent distributions and prices, Sept 1989,
2; "report card" grade for, Dec 1989, 2; 1990 reports announced,
Mar 1991, 3; risk communication report to be published, Mar 1988, 2; and
State/local air agency needs, Dec 1983 (2); State/local air toxics
agency activities, Dec 1984, 1; titles prepared for, Sept 1986, 1-2
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP): Jan 1988, 3; issues
report on anthropogenic emissions, May 1989, 9-10
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH): announces working
group members, Nov 1987, 1-2; charter adopted by Working Group, Dec 1983
(1-2); re-evaluated in light of Clean Air Act Amendments, Mar 1991, 3;
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National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH) (continued): "report
card" results described, Sept 1987, 1-2; staff duties highlighted,
Jan 1989, 2; Working Group meets to review activities and plan future,
Sept 1986, 1
National A1r Toxics Strategy: Aug 1985, 3-5, 5-7; Dec 1985, 11; Dec 1986, 2;
Jan 1989, 3-4; July 1989, 4; Mar 1990, 5
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS): and NESCAUM automobile
emission standards, Mar 1990, 3, 4; for lead used in sludge disposal
rule, Jan 1990, 7; TSP and 1987 revision to, Jan 1989, 4-5; U.S.
attainment of, Nov 1987, 4; used in Rhode Island nuisance evaluation,
Jan 1991, 1-2
National Contingency Plan, The: June 1986, 3; and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 5
National Dioxin Strategy (EPA): Apr 1984, 2-3
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP): Nov 1988,
9; Mar 1990, 5; approaches for benzene outlined, Sept 1988, 9-11; for
beryllium used in sludge disposal rule, Jan 1990, 7; asbestos inspection
program, Mar 1987, 10-11; enforcement and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 3-5; enforcement of standards on asbestos in California,
June 1987, 3; and EPA air toxics strategy, June 1986, 9; EPA report on,
Sept 1984, 3; for hazardous air pollutants, Jan 1989, 4; hazardous
organic NESHAP under development, Sept 1987, 12; proposed for commercial
and hospital sterilizers, May 1988, 9-10
National Emissions Data System (NEDS): See also Aerometric Information
Retrieval System (AIRS); Jan 1989, 9; used in Chicago emissions
inventory, Nov 1987, 6-7; used in draft source category list
development, Mar 1991, 1-2; used by IACP, May 1988, 5-6
National Governors' Association (NGA): Jan 1988, 7-8
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure
Limits (NIOSH RELs): used in South Carolina air toxics limits,
Jan 1991, 2-3
National Response Team (NRT), The: and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 5;
Regional Response Team, June 1986, 3
National Toxicology Program (NTP): carcinogens and hazardous air pollutants
identified by, Sept 1986, 3-4; used in Florida air toxics standards,
Mar 1991, 4
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): analyzes Maryland SARA Title III
data, Nov 1988, 6
Nebraska: spotlight on Nebraska Air Quality Division, Sept 1989, 2-3
A-32
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NESCAUM: See Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
NESHAP: See National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
New Hampshire: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7)
New Jersey: July 1989, 6-7; air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7-8);
conducts joint air toxics study, Sept 1990, 5-6; EPA support activities
of, July 1988, 8; joins air management association, May 1990, 2; passes
first chemical accident prevention legislation, Sept 1986, 5-6; proposes
rule to cover accidental releases, Mar 1988, 6-7; and waste oil as fuel
regulation, Apr 1984, 2
New Mexico: defines BACT to be technology-based, Jan 1991, 3-4; sets air
toxics regulations, Jan 1991, 3-4
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS): set for municipal waste combustors,
Mar 1991, 8-9; for sewage sludge incineration, Jan 1990, 7
New Source Review (NSR): July 1988, 2; Mar 1990, 6; FLATWG improves procedure
for, Mar 1991, 4; nonattainment permit requirements for, Jan 1989, 5;
for North Carolina, Mar 1990, 2; Philadelphia air toxics program,
July 1989, 9; Texas Air Control Board program, Jan 1988, 2-4
New York: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4, 8), Feb 1984, 4; conducts
joint air toxics study, Sept 1990, 5-6; moves to reduce methylene
chloride emissions, Sept 1989, 4-5; NYDEC's resource recovery stack
emissions assessment program, Sept 1986, 7-8; NYSERDA conducts woodstove
study, Dec 1986, 8; NYSERDA prepares report on woodstove emissions,
Jan 1988, 11; prepares report on woodstove smoke emissions, Jan 1988,
11; studies radon risk communication, Sept 1988, 6-7; and toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7-8
NEWMOA: See Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association
Nickel: May 1985, 6; Dec 1985, 11; July 1989, 10; May 1990, 5-6; Air RISC and
Maryland risk assessment approach for, Jan 1991, 5; as contributor to
air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; EPA reports
on, July 1984, 6; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator
emissions, May 1991, 4; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Nickel refinery dust: Maryland, Air RISC and risk assessment for, Jan 1991, 5
Nitrile rubber: and EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3
Nitrobenzene: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; verified RfC,
Nov 1990, 2
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Nitrosamines: and Wisconsin's air toxics program, Sept 1986, 3
Nitrosomorpholine: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Nitrogen oxides (N0x): Jan 1988, 3; Sept 1990, 4; as emissions from
residential wood combustion devices, May 1985, 4-5; and IACP evaluation
of wood stove photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; levels in
landfill gas incineration, July 1990, 6; controlled in municipal waste
combustor standard, Mar 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; as product of resource recovery
facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; selective catalytic reduction and Alaska
ammonia standard, Mar 1991, 1-2
N-Nitrosod1phenylamine: July 1989, 10
NoncrUeria pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
Nonmethane Organic Compounds Program (NMOC): Sept 1990, 5
No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL): compared to new method to estimate
noncancer risk, Jan 1990, 5-6; defined for Alaska ammonia standard,
Mar 1991, 1-2; examined in California ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 2;
how identified in Rhode Island air toxics regulation, Sept 1988, 2-3;
and RfDs, July 1988, 6
No Observable Effects Level (NOEL): Jan 1988, 5; Nov 1988, 5; used in
regulating air toxics, Mar 1987, 4
North Carolina: Jan 1989, 9; adopts new air toxics regulations, Mar 1990, 1,
2; joins air management association, May 1990, 2; pollution prevention
program in, Sept 1989, 6-7; reviews list of toxic air pollutants for
regulation, Mar 1987, 4
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM): Jan 1988, 7;
adopts BACT guideline, Jan 1989, 6-7; develops MWC test protocol with
CTC, Mar 1988, 9; issues report on gasoline reports, Dec 1989, 6-8; and
move to certify resource recovery facility operators, Mar 1986, 8-9; and
noncriteria pollutant control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6);
perchloroethylene health evaluation document and,, Sept 1986, 11;
publishes newsletter, Nov 1987, 9; pursues California auto standards,
Mar 1990, 3, 4; regional air toxics strategy for perchloroethylene,
Dec 1985, 6-7; resource recovery workshop coordinated by, Sept 1986, 10;
sponsors municipal waste combustion workshop, Mar 1987, 8; sponsors
training course to prevent accidental releases, Mar 1987, 5; studies
municipal waste combustion, June 1987, 5; and waste oil combustion
presentation, Sept 1984, 8
Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association (NEWMOA): provides
pollution prevention technical assistance, Nov 1990, 5
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NSPS: See New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
Nuclear power reactors: as sources of radionuclide emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limits
(OSHA PELs): used in Florida air toxics standards, Mar 1991, 4; used in
South Carolina air toxics standards, Jan 1991, 2-3
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR): and TSDF regulations, Apr 1984, 5;
institutes air toxics control technology center, Dec 1986, 2-3
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS): July 1988, 7-8;
July 1989, 8; ambient monitoring program on chlorinated organics and
aromatics, Apr 1984, 5-6; begins study of consumer products, Jan 1990,
8; compiles air toxics emission factors, Jan 1989, 14; conducts
noncancer risk assessment, Jan 1990, 9; conducts screening study to
monitor toxic air pollutants, Dec 1986, 10; cosponsors air toxics
workshop, Dec 1986, 2; develops NSPS on residential wood fired
combustion, May 1985, 3-5; documents air pathway analyses, Nov 1988, 8;
establishes emission measurement center, Mar 1989, 7; evaluates
noncancer health base, July 1989, 2; forms new emission factors and
inventories branch, Jan 1991, 6; introduces bulletin board for models
and test methods, Sept 1990, 10-11; issues directive on VOC control,
Dec 1989, 9; issues documents on urban soup, cancer risk, Sept 1989, 10;
issues reports on emissions estimates, urban air toxics, Sept 1989,
9-10; performs cancer risk assessment for incinerator, Sept 1986, 9;
prepares standards for hazardous waste TSDF, July 1989, 9-10; produces
wood smoke public service announcements, Nov 1990, 9; publishes air
toxics program manual, Sept 1990, 9; publishes benzene report, May 1988,
10-11; publishes butadiene report, Jan 1990, 1; publishes comfort
cooling tower standards, Sept 1990, 8-9; publishes sewage sludge
incinerator report, July 1990, 9; publishes toxic air emission report,
Mar 1990, 11; publishes urban air toxics report, Jan 1989, 14; releases
air toxics data base, Sept 1990, 9; publishes PCBs, POM sources
documents, Nov 1987, 8-9; releases natural dioxin study results,
Nov 1987, 8; report on toxic air pollutants, sources, Jan 1988, 10-11;
revises air pathway analysis guide, Jan 1991, 2; revises air speciation
manual, Mar 1990, 9; sets municipal waste combustor standards, Mar 1991,
8-9; updates Human Exposure Model, May 1991, 3; uses "Reg Neg" to
control equipment leaks, Jan 1990, 2-3; works with OTS on SARA 313 data,
May 1988, 8
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR): issues directive on VOC
Control, Dec 1989, 9
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA): Jan 1988, 8
Office of Mobile Sources (QMS): Sept 1990, 5
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE): develops PIPQUIC,
July 1989, 4-6
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Office of Research and Development (ORD): Center for Environmental Research
Information introduces pollution board system, Mar 1991, 4-5; conducts
indoor air pollution research, Mar 1991, 4-5; develops blood lead
distribution model, May 1991, 8; institutes Air Toxics Control
Technology Center, Dec 1986, 2-3; organization and air toxics
responsibilities defined, Jan 1988, 8-10
Office of Solid Waste (OSW): and TSDF regulations, Apr 1984, 5
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER): evaluates hazardous
waste site air releases, July 1989, 8; and National Dioxin Strategy,
Apr 1984, 3
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS): July 1988, 7-8; completes emissions
inventories, Sept 1987, 11-12; computes SARA data quality audits,
Sept 1990, 7; conducts Section 313 surveys, Jan 1989, 12-13; works with
OAQPS on SARA 313 data, May 1988, 8
Office of Water (OW): Mar 1991, 10; and National Dioxin Strategy, Apr 1984, 3
Ohio: See also Regional Air Pollution Control Agency (RAPCA); radon levels in
dwellings measured, Sept 1986, 6-7; RAPCA compiles PM network data,
Mar 1988, 7-8; RAPCA tests for radon in, Mar 1989, 3-4; spotlight on Air
Quality Development Authority, Nov 1988, 2-3; spotlight on Division of
Air Pollution Control, Mar 1987, 2; studies air toxics relation to Lake
Erie pollution, Mar 1990, 7-8; studies emissions from sludge
incinerators, May 1990, 5-6
Oklahoma: sets performance criteria for biomedical waste incinerators,
May 1991, 4, 7
Ontario, Canada: initiates air toxics assessment, Mar 1988, 7
Operation and maintenance conditions: and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4
Oregon: develops training program, May 1990, 4, 9-10; limits consumer use of
CFCs, halons, Nov 1990, 7-8; ranks risk of wood combustion, July 1988, 2
Organic compounds: as emission from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 3-5; emission limits for proposed municipal waste combustion
regulation, July 1990, 7; measured by Toxic Air Monitoring System
(TAMS), Apr 1984, 7; as products of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Organic gases, toxic: audit cylinders for, Aug 1985, 8
Ozone (03): Sept 1990, 4; attainment policy for, Nov 1987, 4-5; control of
air strippers in nonattainment areas, Dec 1989, 9; and EPA air toxics
strategy, Aug 1985, 3; and enhancement of air toxics program, Jan 1989,
5; and IACP evaluation of wood stove photo-oxidation products,
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Ozone (0,) (continued): June 1986, 5-6; link to CFCs studied, May 1989, 7-8;
and NESCAUM automobile emission standards, Mar 1990, 3, 4; Oregon limits
CFCs, halon use to address depletion of, Nov 1990, 7-8
PAH: See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Paint spraying: Air RISC reviews risk assessment of, May 1989, 3-4
Particulate matter (PM): Dec 1986, 8; Nov 1987, 6; Nov 1988, 9; Jan 1989, 4;
Jan 1990, 10; Mar 1990, 9; July 1990, 7; Sept 1990, 4; and Colorado laws
governing restaurants and street sanding, June 1986, 8; and Harvard
School of Public Health project, May 1985, 7; and IACP project
identifying airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; in indoor air and uranium
decay, Mar 1986, 3; limited by wood heater NSPS, Dec 1986, 7; measured
in IACP study, Nov 1988, 3-4; and municipal waste combustor metals
standard, Mar 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; Ohio agency compiles network data
on, Mar 1988, 7-8; relation to fuel switching in "Brown Cloud" study,
Jan 1990, 2, 11; from residential wood combustion (OAQPS development of
RWC NSPS to control), May 1985, 3-5; sampling of in Alaska, Nov 1987,
3-4; TSDF report covers emissions of, Dec 1986, 11; Vermont regulates
air toxics under, July 1989, 3-4; VOCs as tracers of, May 1989, 5
Particulate matter speciation: EPA/OAQPS report on, Nov 1987, 9; species
manual available, Nov 1988, 9-10
PCBs: See Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCODs: See Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
PCDFs: See Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Pennsylvania: local agency regulation to control waste-derived liquid fuels,
Dec 1986, 3; Allegheny County and State join air management association,
May 1990, 2
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): emission information requested, Apr 1984, 8
Perchloroethylene: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Sept 1988, 3; July 1989, 9;
Sept 1989, 9; May 1990, 8; AEERL studies indoor air sources of,
Mar 1991, 4-5; as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; EPA decision on, Mar 1986, 9; and EPA/IEMD ambient
monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; NESCAUM health document on,
Sept 1986, 11; and NESCAUM regional strategy to control, Dec 1985, 6-7;
regulated by Florida dry cleaning facility regulation, Mar 1987, 3;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs): developed by California for air toxics
rule, Mar 1988, 3
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Permits, building: and Aspen, Colorado, regulation on woodburninq,
June 1986, 8
Permits, operating: Title V program for described, May 1991, 1-2
Permitting: California proposed rule on, June 1987, 2-3; California rule
covers carcinogens and, Mar 1989, 5-7; CAPCOA source assessment manual
designed to assist, Dec 1986, 4-5; for chemical company emitting cobalt
oxide, Jan 1988, 4-6; and Connecticut's air toxics control regulation,
Sept 1986, 4-5; and CTC, Mar 1988, 9; CTC/NJDEP develop software for,
May 1988, 8; Florida couples air review with contaminated soil,
Jan 1990, 1, 10; Houston monitoring program and, May 1988, 3-4; and
Indiana's air toxics program, May 1990, 8; information in NATICH data
base, July 1989, 1; Maryland process described, Sept 1987, 3-4; and
Monterey Bay (CA) agency rule, Mar 1988, 2; new Mississippi program on,
Dec 1986, 5; Nebraska regulations on, Sept 1989, 2-3; NESCAUM adopts
BACT guideline to promote consistency in, Jan 1989, 6-7; and New
York/Michigan's air toxics control programs, Feb 1984, 4; report on
agency fees for, June 1987, 11; requirements under new North Carolina
air regulations, Mar 1990, 2; Rhode Island air toxics regulation and,
Sept 1988, 3; TACB policies on, Jan 1988, 2-3; workshop on, Mar 1988, 11
Pesticides: May 1989, 6; Sept 1989, 7; CTC/Florida evaluate emissions from
burning of plastic containers for, Sept 1988, 4; dioxin contamination
of, Apr 1984, 3; TACB establishes monitoring network for, May 1989, 2-3
Petroleum refineries: benzene fugitive emissions from, Feb 1984, 2
Pharmaceuticals manufacturing: EPA proposes regulation of benzene from,
Dec 1989, 9; and odor in Staten Island/New Jersey, Sept 1990, 5
Phenol: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Philadelphia, City of: July 1989, 8-9; air toxics control program, Dec 1983
(4); testing for dioxins at incinerator, Sept 1986, 8-9; joins air
management association, May 1990, 2
Phosgene: May 1985, 6; Sept 1988, 4; July 1990, 9; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
EPA report on locating and estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA
draft source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; listed as
Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5; RfC
non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
Phosphorus plants, elemental: as sources of radionuclide emissions,
Dec 1984, 7
Phosphorus trichloride: listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in New
Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
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Point sources: see also Major sources; Stationary sources; Jan 1989, 4; and
cancer risk, Jan 1989, 4; Chattanooga-Hamilton County studies high risk,
May 1991, 8-9; data base cross-references with toxic air pollutants,
Sept 1990, 9; OAQPS document on estimating emissions from, Sept 1989,
9-10; OAQPS publishes emission report on, Mar 1990, 11; programs for
high risk, May 1989, 3; RAPCA emission inventory of, Jan 1989, 7-8; and
STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5
Pollution prevention: Massachusetts offers technical assistance on,
Sept 1990, 8; and Massachusetts survey of toxics use, Sept 1990, 8; and
Massachusetts Toxic Use Reduction Act, Sept 1990, 7-8; NEWMOA provides
technical assistance, Nov 1990, 5; North Carolina program described,
Sept 1989, 6-7
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): May 1985, 6; Mar 1990, 8; May 1990, 8; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; EPA/OAQPS reports on, Nov 1987, 8-9; excluded in past from
sludge incineration rule, Jan 1990, 7; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs): See also Dioxins, Tetrachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxins (TCDDs); May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 8; Mar 1990, 8; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; and New York resource recovery stack emissions
assessment program, Sept 1986, 7-8; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): See also furans,
tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs); Mar 1990, 8
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH): May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 9; Dec 1989,
3; Mar 1990, 8; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; covered in Ontario air toxics
assessment, Mar 1988, 7; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; possible control under Indiana
regulation, May 1990, 8; ratio of studied in woodstove tracers,
June 1987, 9-10; use of in GC/MI-R, Sept 1987, 13
Polycyclic organic matter (POM): Dec 1986, 8; Jan 1989, 4; Mar 1989, 11;
EPA/OAQPS reports on, Nov 1987, 8-9; and wood heater NSPS, Dec 1986, 7;
and IACP woodstove emission measurement, Dec 1986, 9-10
Polyester resin manufacturing: Nov 1990, 1
Power plants: Rhode Island nuisance regulation includes, Jan 1991, 1-2
Power plants, coal-fired: all major air toxics sources in New Mexico,
Jan 1991, 3-4
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD): Jan 1989, 5; permit remand in
California, Mar 1987, 11
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Prioritization: California Air Resources Board use of for potential toxic air
contaminants, May 1985, 6; and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6);
and New York air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (8); and toxic air
pollutants, Feb 1984, 5
Program Integration Project Queries Using Interactive Commands (PIPQUIC)-
described, July 1989, 4-6
Propanol, 2-: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Propylene: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5
Propylene dichloride: July 1989, 9
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Propylene oxide: May 1985, 6; May 1990, 8; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; verified
RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW): Sept 1990, 7; as contributor to air
toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2; and sludge disposal rule, Jan 1990, 7
Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency (PSAPCA): asbestos regulation
adopted by, Mar 1986, 8; evaluates air toxics program, Mar 1990, 6-7;
regulates air toxics, Nov 1990, 1; spotlight on, July 1988, 2-4; urban
air toxics study described, June 1987, 7; and waste-derived fuel
regulation, Dec 1985, 4-5
Pyridine: May 1990, 8
Quinone: RfC non-verifiable, Nov 1990, 3
RACT: See Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)
Radiation: monitoring at Oklahoma biomedical waste incinerators required for,
May 1991, 4, 7
Radionuclides: May 1985, 6; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; and withdrawal of EPA
proposed standards for, Dec 1984, 7-8
Radium facility wastes: and radon emissions from, Mar 1986, 3
Radon: Sept 1989, 7; Sept 1990, 4; and indoor air, Mar 1986, 3-5; Maine
survey on, Mar 1989, 2; measured in Ohio, Sept 1986, 6-7; and proposed
standards on radionuclides, Dec 1984, 8; RAPCA tests for in schools,
Mar 1989, 3-4; RAPCA's study results described, Mar 1987, 6-8;
requirements of Superfund provisions on, Mar 1989, 8; risk communication
programs for, Sept 1988, 6-7; studied in Maine, June 1987, 7-8
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Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT): Sept 1988, 13; Jan 1989, 5;
specified in Kentucky regulation, May 1988, 3; used in PM control at
chemical manufacturer in Tennessee, Jan 1988, 4
Reference doses, (RfC) inhalation: See also IRIS, Reference doses, (RfD)
inhalation; 39 finalized, Nov 1990, 1; used in Rhode Island nuisance
regulation, Jan 1991, 1-2
Reference doses, (RfD) inhalation: See also IRIS, Reference doses, (RfC)
Inhalation; Jan 1988, 5; defined by OHEA, July 1988, 6-7; methodology
developed for, July 1988, 6-7
Reference doses, (RfD) oral: See also IRIS; July 1988, 6; methodology
explained, May 1989, 8-9; used in Rhode Island nuisance regulation,
Jan 1991, 1-2
Reference matrix isolation infrared spectral library: Sept 1987, 13
Refineries: and odor in Staten Island/New Jersey, Sept 1990, 5; are major air
toxics sources in New Mexico, Jan 1991, 3-4; wastes from, July 1984, 2
Region II: conducts joint air toxics study, Sept 1990, 5-6
Region III: conducts dioxin/furan incinerator testing, Sept 1986, 8-9
Region IV: sponsors air toxics management workshop, Feb 1984, 3-5
Region V: conducts air toxics inventory (Chicago), Mar 1987, 6-7
Region VI: accidental release program, June 1986, 4-5; participates in EPA
comparative risk project, Sept 1990, 4-5; sponsors air toxics workshop,
Feb 1984, 5-6
Region IX: develops noncancer risk assessment, Jan 1990, 5-6
Region X: completes VOC risk assessment, Sept 1987, 5-6; organizes retreats
for air toxics coordinators, Jan 1990,
Regional Air Pollution Control Agency (RAPCA): compiles PM network data,
Mar 1988, 7-8; completes point source emission inventory, Jan 1989, 7-8;
describes indoor air program, Sept 1989, 7-8; measures Ohio radon
levels, Sept 1986, 6-7; results of radon study described, Mar 1987, 6-8;
tests for radon in schools, Mar 1989, 3-4; toxic emissions data base
described, June 1987, 10
Regional Coordinators: role of, May 1988, 7
Regional deposited dose ratios (RDDRs): function in RfD derivation,
July 1988, 7
Regional Response Team (RRT): and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 5
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M
Reg Neg": for equipment leaks complete, Mar 1991, 8; used to draft
regulations on equipment leaks, Jan 1990, 2-3; used to draft wood heater
NSPS, Dec 1986, 7
Remediation, soil: Florida guidelines for, Jan 1990, 1, 10
Removal efficiency: and air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 3
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group (REAG): Jan 1988, 9
Residential Wood Combustion (RWC): See Combustion, residential wood-fired
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): July 1989, 8; Sept 1990, 4;
authority for development of standards for hazardous waste TSDF,
July 1989, 9-10; and Chicago emissions inventory, Mar 1987, 7;
facilities assessment completed in Idaho, Sept 1987, 5-6; and TSDF
regulations, Apr 1984, 5
Resource recovery facility: certification of operators of, Mar 1986, 8-9;
facilities required by California program to submit risk assessments,
Dec 1986, 4; NESCAUM coordinates workshop on, Sept 1986, 10; New York
program on stack emissions, Sept 1986, 7-8; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7-8; Rhode Island
nuisance regulation requires risk assessment for, Jan 1991, 1-2
Resource Recovery Facility Emission Characterization (RRFECS): See New York
Rhode Island: amends nuisance regulation, Jan 1991, 1-2; program to monitor
solvents in ambient air, Mar 1987, 5-6; spotlight on Division of Air and
Hazardous Materials, Sept 1988, 2-4
Right-to-know amendments: and Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP),
June 1986, 4; and Superfund, Dec 1985, 9; and workers with respect to
chemical health effects, Dec 1983 (6)
Risk assessment: See also IRIS; May 1988, 5; May 1989, 6; Dec 1989, 5;
Sept 1990, 5; and air toxics, Feb 1984, 2; Air RISC Workshop on,
July 1989, 11; and Clean Air Act, Dec 1983 (5); conducted for MWCs,
Sept 1987, 9; conducted in urban air toxics programs, Sept 1987, 7;
document for carcinogens available, Jan 1990, 9; and equipment leak
emissions, Jan 1990, 2-3; ECAO guide includes indirect exposures in,
May 1991, 7-8; EPA's integrated risk information system described,
Mar 1987, 8-9; EPA forum on, Nov 1988, 7-8; EPA guidelines available'on,
July 1988, 11; EPA introduces Air RISC, July 1988, 4-5; EPA Region X
study described, Sept 1987, 5-6; five basic concepts of, Feb 1984, 4;
for gasoline vapors conducted by NESCAUM, Dec 1989, 6-8; glossary and
directory published, Sept 1989, 10; HEM II available for, May 1991, 3;
HERL study of process needs, Jan 1988, 10; improvements in methods
called for, Jan 1988, 7-8; IRIS data base information on, Sept 1987, 14;
Maryland, Air RISC, and nickel, Jan 1991, 5; and NATICH data base,
June 1986, 1-2; NATICH report on carcinogens, Mar 1987, 1; and NESCAUM
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Risk assessment (continued): regional strategy to control perchloroethylene,
Dec 1985, 6-7; of paint spraying facility, May 1989, 3-4; for point
sources in NATICH, Nov 1988, 1-2; Region VI compares for 22 emission
control problems, Sept 1990, 4-5; reproductive assessment guidelines
for, Nov 1988, 10; requested in incinerator testing, Sept 1986, 9;
required under new Clean Air Act, July 1990, 1; required under Senate
version of proposed Clean Air Act Amendments, May 1990, 11; role of in
benzene rulemaking, Feb 1984, 3; and risk management, Dec 1983 (5-6);
role in California permit denial, Mar 1989, 5; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2; and toxic cleanups Mar 1986, 6; and "two-step"
benzene NESHAP process, Sept 1988, 9-10; for urban soup developed under
PIPQUIC, July 1989, 4-6; (carcinogen) used by work group in examining
solvent exposure, Nov 1987, 7; and waste oil handling and disposal,
Feb 1984, 5; workshop on, Mar 1989, 5
Risk assessment, noncancer: developed in California, Jan 1990, 6; OAQPS
conducts, Jan 1990, 9
Risk assessment, use by States: as basis for Connecticut toxic air pollutant
regulation, Sept 1986, 4; and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4-5; conducted in Chicago
for urban cancer, Mar 1989, 10-11; Maine conducts assessment of wood
smoke, Dec 1986, 8; Maryland, Air RISC, and nickel, Jan 1991, 5; new
California program requires, July 1988, 5-6; New Jersey applies to
carcinogens, July 1989, 6-7; relation to air toxics programs stressed by
California agency, Dec 1986, 4; role in California permit denial,
Mar 1989, 5; Santa Barbara develops model, Nov 1990, 8-9; used in New
Jersey chemical accident prevention legislation, Sept 1986, 5; used in
North Carolina regulation, Mar 1987, 4; used in Ohio sampling study,
Nov 1988, 2-3; used in Rhode Island nuisance regulation, Jan 1991, 5
Risk communication: Air RISC distributes publications on, Mar 1991, 6-7; Air
RISC helps agencies improve, Sept 1990, 10; EPA program on described,
June 1987, 5-6; hotline for, Nov 1987, 10; NATICH report on planned,
Mar 1988, 2; for small risks under SARA Title III, Mar 1990, 1, 8-9
Risk management: and air toxics, Feb 1984, 2; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4-5; EPA's
integrated risk information system (IRIS) described, Mar 1987, 8-9; EPA,
State agencies improve for radon, Sept 1988, 6-7; IRIS data base
information on, Sept 1987, 14; levels of and Santa Barbara risk
assessment model, Nov 1990, 8-9; and Maryland's proposed air toxics
regulations, Sept 1987, 3-4; and New Jersey chemical accident prevention
rule, Mar 1988, 6-7; New Jersey program separates from risk assessment,
July 1989, 7; and risk assessment, Feb 1984, 2; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2; used in New Jersey to prevent chemical
accidents, Sept 1986, 5; workshop on, Mar 1989, 5
Risk, Negligible: defined under proposed Clean Air Act Amendments, May 1990,
11; Senate offer and, Sept 1990, 3
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Risk, Residual: defined under proposed Clean Air Act Amendments, May 1990,
11; Senate offer and, Sept 1990, 2
ROADMAPS: introduced, Sept 1988, 13
Roanoke: selected as IACP study site, May 1988, 5-6
Sampling, soil: EPA/ESED report on TSDF covers, Dec 1986, 11
Santa Barbara APCD: develops risk assessment model, Nov 1990, 8-9; writes new
ethylene oxide rule, July 1990, 2-3
SARA Title III: See Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriiation Act
Science review panel: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)
Selenium: May 1990, 5,6
Sewage sludge: May 1991, 7; OAQPS publishes report on, July 1990, 9; Ohio
studies incineration emissions, May 1990, 5-6; Rhode Island nuisance
regulation includes incineration of, Jan 1991, 1-2
Sewage treatment plants: and Alaska ammonia standard, Mar 1991, 1-2; and EPA
Six Month Study, Apr 1984, 5; and odor in Staten Island/New Jersey,
Sept 1990, 5; sludge disposal regulations, Jan 1990, 7
Sick building syndrome: Sept 1989, 7
Silica, crystalline: California investigates source test method for,
Mar 1991, 7-8
Site investigation: and toxic cleanups, Mar 1986, 6
Six Month Study, EPA: See also National Air Toxics Strategy; Apr 1985, 3-5,
5-7; Aug 1985, 3-5; Dec 1985, 11; Nov 1988, 9; Jan 1989, 7; and Agency's
air toxics strategy, Apr 1984, 4-5; update issued, May 1989, 10
Sludge Regulation and Management Branch: regulates sewage sludge disposal,
Jan 1990, 7
Smelters, copper: are major air toxics source in New Mexico, Jan 1991, 3-4
Solid waste: Texas regulations on disposal of, Jan 1988, 3
Solid waste disposal: EPA plans regulation of, Sept 1987, 8-9; and EPA Six
Months Study, Apr 1984, 4; NESCAUM sponsors workshop on, Mar 1987, 8
Solvents: Nebraska regulations to limit emissions, Sept 1989, 3; new
technology avoids in cleaning printing equipment, May 1989, 7; recycling
emissions controlled by national standards, July 1989, 9-10; Rhode
Island program to monitor ambient levels of, Mar 1987, 5-6
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Source assessment: CAPCOA publishes manual on, Dec 1986, 4; research needs in
outlined, Jan 1988, 7-8
Source categories: draft list developed under Clean Air Act Amendments,
Mar 1991, 1-2; to be listed under proposed Clean Air Act Amendments,
May 1990, 10
Source Evaluation Society: Jan 1991, 7
Source, Major: See Major Sources
Source sampling methods: See also Emissions testing; California amends
select, Mar 1991, 7-8; California regulation allows sharing data for,
Mar 1990, 3; discussed at Region VI workshop, Feb 1984, 6
South Carolina: county agency community awareness and emergency response
program, Sept 1987, 5; regulates air toxics, Jan 1991, 2-3
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD): controls landfill gas
emissions, July 1990, 5-7; establishes rule covering permits,
carcinogens, Mar 1989, 5-7; and rule governing toxic emissions from
landfills, July 1984, 1-2; spotlight on, June 1987, 2-3
South Dakota: spotlight on Department of Water and Natural Resources,
Nov 1987, 3
Speciation factors: manual on, Nov 1988, 9-10; OAQPS releases data base for
VOC and PM, Jan 1991, 6; OAQPS revises manual on, Mar 1990, 9, 10
Stack sampling: See also Emissions testing; emissions from chemical plant
studied, Feb 1985, 4; New York resource recovery operation program,
Sept 1986, 7-8; New York's toxic air contaminant assessment program on,
Aug 1985, 7-8; performed at city incinerator, Sept 1986, 9; and resource
recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9; used in Connecticut air toxics
regulation, Sept 1986, 5
STAPPA: See State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
(STAPPAJ/Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO):
July 1984, 6; Sept 1984, 8; Dec 1984, 2-3; and appointment of air toxics
policy work group, Feb 1984, 6; comments on proposed municipal waste
combustion regulations, July 1990, 7; conducts noncancer survey,
Nov 1987, 10; conference on air toxics control, Sept 1986, 10; and EPA
air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; conferences of, Dec 1983 (3-4);
coordinates SARA Section 313 data collection, July 1988, 7; members of
NATICH working group meet, Sept 1986, 1; and NATICH, Dec 1983 (1); and
NATICH data base, Dec 1985, 1-2; national air toxics workshops sponsored
by, June 1987, 8; and policy on hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5;
prepares report on air permit and emissions fees, June 1987, 11; and EPA
Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 5-6; releases survey results for State and
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State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
(STAPPAJ/Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO)
(continued): local agencies, Dec 1989, 10; sponsors urban air toxics
workshops, Mar 1989, 9-10; survey of toxic air pollutants, Feb 1984, 6;
updates toxic air pollutant report, Nov 1988, 9
State Implementation Plan (SIP): and co-control of air pollutants, Jan 1989,
4-6; and EPA's national air toxics strategy, Nov 1987, 4; Title V permit
to include requirements under, May 1991, 1-2
State/local air toxics control agencies: July 1984, 2, 4; Dec 1985, 8;
technical assistance for, Dec 1984, 2; partnership with Federal
agencies, Aug 1985, 3-4; use TRI data, Jan 1990, 4-5
Stationary sources: see also Point sources; Major sources; Sept 1987, 8; and
Air Pollution/Cancer report, Apr 1984, 6; audit cylinders available for,
Aug 1985, 8; California rules to reduce cancer risk from, Mar 1989, 6;
PM emissions from woodstoves limited by NSPS, Dec 1986, 7; subject to
Title V operating permits program, May 1991, 1-2; VOC emissions at
hazardous waste TSDF, July 1989, 10
Steel plants, emissions from: Air RISC publishes health effects summary for,
Nov 1990, 9; CTC report on, Dec 1989, 6
Sterilizers, hospital and commercial: control of ethylene oxide proposed,
May 1988, 9-10; emissions from considered in California exposure
assessment, July 1990, 2, 3
Styrene: May 1990, 8; May 1991, 9; Air RISC receives carcinogenicity
question, Jan 1991, 5; and EPA prototype scheme for handling,
Sept 1984, 3
Styrene-butadiene: Jan 1989, 4
Styrene-butadiene rubber manufacturing: High Risk Point Source study for,
May 1991, 8-9; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste incinerator emissions,
May 1991, 4, 7
Substitute compounds: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4
Sugar beet processing: VOC emissions from, May 1988, 4-5
Sulfur dioxide (S02): Jan 1988, 3; Sept 1990, 4; and municipal waste
combustor standards, Mar 1991, 8-9; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4; as refinery waste site contaminant,
July 1984, 2; as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Sulfur oxides (SO): as emissions from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 4-5
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Sulfur trioxide (S03): July 1990, 9
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III: July 1989, 7;
May 1990, 3-4; Mar 1990, 10; Jan 1991, 3; communicating small risk
under, Mar 1990, 1, 8-9; and community right-to-know amendment,
Dec 1985, 9; data available through NATICH/TRIS link, Dec 1989, 1-2;
data from Maryland industries, Nov 1988, 6; data quality audits
complete, Sept 1990, 7; data used in Louisiana regulation, Dec 1989, 3;
directory for data base established (ROADMAPS), Sept 1988, 13-14; and
equipment leak emissions, Jan 1990, 2-3; emissions from Superfund sites,
May 1988, 7; and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6-7; EPA coordinates
Section 313 activities, July 1988, 7-8; establishes toxic release data
base, Nov 1988, 6-7; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4; hazardous
substances at Superfund sites must be listed under, July 1989, 10; IRIS
data to include information on, chemicals listed by, July 1988, 11;
listed chemicals and Florida air toxics standards, Mar 1991, 4; and
Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act, Sept 1990, 8; OAQPS/OTS
Section 313 plan for data, May 1988, 7-8; one industry states goals
under, Sept 1988, 13; Section 313 OTS concludes QA pilot surveys under,
Jan 1989, 12-13; reporting requirements, Sept 1987, 11-12; requirements
of, Dec 1986, 5-6; requirements for radon, Mar 1989, 8; requires
revisions to Hazard Ranking System, July 1989, 7-8; STAPPA/ALAPCO survey
assesses effect of, Dec 1989, 10; Title III workshops conducted on,
June 1987, 11; Toxic Release Inventory developed for, May 1988, 1-2
Superfund sites: See also Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
Title III; emissions studied, May 1988, 6-7; EPA issues directive on air
stripper use at, Dec 1989, 9; hazard ranking system, July 1989, 7-8
Support Center for Regulatory Air Models (SCRAM): and OAQPS bulletin board,
Sept 1990, 10-11
Surface coating: Nebraska regulation to limit emissions, Sept 1989, 3
Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS): introduced by CTC, Dec 1989, 5-6
Systems Applications Human Exposure and Dosage (SHED): Feb 1984, 4
Systems Applications Human Exposure and Risk (SHEAR): Feb 1984, 4
T-BACT: See BACT
Tennessee: See Chattanooga-Hamilton County APCB
Teratogens: See Genetic toxicants
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs): Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4, 7
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Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8- (2,3,7,8-TCDD): Sept 1986, 8; May 1990,
8; in city incinerator ESP, Sept 1986, 8; and dioxin combustion source
study, July 1984, 7; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 8; Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4, 7
Tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-diox1ns (TCDDs): Oklahoma limits biomedical waste
incinerator emissions, May 1991, 4, 7
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-: July 1989, 7; and Michigan's use of air
stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Tetrachloroethylene: July 1989, 7; May 1990, 5; July 1990, 9; detected in
Rhode Island ambient air, Mar 1987, 6
Tetrahydrofuran: May 1989, 9; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Tetrahydrothiophenes: as refinery waste site contaminant, July 1984, 2
Texas: May 1989, 2-3; air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4); Houston
Regional Monitoring Program described, Mar 1988, 10; research division
and functions of TACB, July 1984, 5; and special study identifying toxic
air pollutants, Feb 1984, 6; spotlight on TACB, Jan 1988, 2-4; TACB
pilot program assesses existing sources, May 1991, 1-2
Threshold Ambient Limit (TAL): May 1988, 3
Threshold Limit Values" (TLVs): See ACGIH TLV
Tiers 1-7: See National Dioxin Strategy
Tire Manufacturing: EPA proposes regulation of benzene from, Dec 1989, 11
Toluene: Jan 1989, 7, 8; Sept 1989, 3; May 1990, 5, 6, 8; regulatory status
of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; health impacts assessed in gasoline study,
Dec 1989, 6-8; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4;
verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Toluene-2,4-di1socyanate: listed as Extraordinarily Hazardous Substance in
New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5; possible accidental releases studied by CTC,
June 1987, 4-5
Total Suspended Particulate (TSP): Dec 1986, 8; and EPA emissions inventory
of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; and 1987 revision to NAAQS, Jan 1989, 4-5
Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS): May 1989, 2; Sept 1990, 5; data currently
available described, June 1987, 9; established by EPA, Apr 1984, 7; to
examine monitoring capabilities, Dec 1989, 11; functions defined,
Mar 1986, 10; three monitoring sites established for, May 1985, 7
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Toxic air pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
Toxic Catastrophe Prevention Act: passed by New Jersey, Sept 1986, 5
Toxicity model: and Michigan's air toxics control program, Feb 1984, 4
Toxicity testing: Oklahoma requires for biomedical waste incinerator ash,
May 1991, 4
Toxic Release Inventory: May 1988, 1-2, 8; Mar 1991, 1-2; EPA surveys States'
use of data base, Jan 1990, 4-5; Region VI uses in comparative risk,
Sept 1990, 5; risk screening guide available, Sept 1989, 10-11
Toxic Release Inventory System (TRIS): May 1990, 3-4; July 1990, 3-5; access
through NATICH data base, Dec 1989, 1-2; established, Nov 1988, 6-7;
guide and hotline available, Sept 1990, 11; how to access, Nov 1988,
6-7; OTS and data quality audit, Sept 1990, 7; used in draft source
category list development, Mar 1991, 1-2
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): and chromium ban for cooling towers,
May 1988, 9; and cooling tower standard for chromium, Sept 1990, 8-9;
and EPA prototype scheme for handling toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984,
3-4; and Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP), June 1986, 3;
Federal activities in, July 1984, 4; grants to States, analysis of,
July 1984, 4; and Indiana regulation, May 1990, 1; information
collection record keeping requirements of, and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 6-7; inventory of chemicals in commerce, July 1984, 4; status
report for existing chemicals, July 1984, 3
Trace metals: trends in Dayton, Ohio, monitoring of, Mar 1988, 8
Transfer operations: EPA proposes regulation of benzene from, Dec 1989, 11
Transformation models: improvements suggested, Jan 1988, 8
Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDF): Mar 1989, 11; as
contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2; emissions inventory of
in Chicago, Nov 1987, and EPA emissions inventory of carcinogens,
June 1986, 10; EPA/ESED report on soil sampling, Dec 1986, 11; National
standards for emissions from, July 1987, 9-10; responsibility for
developing regulations transferred, Apr 1984, 5; standards for prepared
by OAQPS, July 1989, 9-10; 6-7
Tribromomethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- (TCA): Sept 1989, 3; May 1990, 5, 6, 8; detected in
Rhode Island ambient air, Mar 1987, 6; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; link to ozone depletion, May 1989, 7-8; and
Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
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Trichloroethylene: May 1985, 6; Sept 1987, 12; Sept 1988, 3; July 1989, 7, 9;
Sept 1989, 9; May 1990, 5, 6; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; detected in Rhode Island ambient air, Mar 1987, 6; and
EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA decision on,
Mar 1986, 9; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Trichlorofluoromethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
TSCA: See Toxic Substances Control Act
TSCA Assistance Office (TAO): functions of, Apr 1984, 7
Unit risk factors: used in Dayton, Ohio, monitoring, Mar 1988, 8;
Nov 1988, 3
Uranium: radon emissions from and indoor air, Mar 1986, 3-5; Uranium Mill
Tailing Radiation Control Act, Mar 1986, 3; mines as sources of
radionuclide emissions, Dec 1984, 8
Urban aerosols: and Harvard School of Public Health project, May 1985, 7
Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program (UATMP): Sept 1990, 5
Urban soup: Jan 1988, 4; EPA high risk program on, Mar 1987, 6; EPA/OAQPS
publishes report on, Jan 1989, 14; Maryland studies in Baltimore,
Jan 1989, 12; NPPB issues document on, Sept 1989, 10; Ohio ambient air
study, Nov 1988, 3; Ohio programs on, Mar 1987, 2; Philadelphia air
toxics program and, July 1989, 9; PIPQUIC used to study, July 1989, 4-6;
round-up on EPA's activities in all regions, Sept 1987, 6-7; Seattle
ambient air study of, July 1988, 2; study of Midwest conditions,
Jan 1990, 9; TAMS to examine monitoring of, Dec 1989, 11; treated in
EPA's national air toxics strategy, Mar 1987, 9-10; Washington agency
studies, June 1987, 7; workshop on, Mar 1989, 9-10
Urea: and ammonia plant in Alaska ammonia standard, Mar 1991, 1-2; dust and
Air RISC research on effects of, Nov 1988, 4-5
Users Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollutants (UMAMAP): Mar 1988, 2
Vanadium: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7
Variance (for air toxics source): defined by Wisconsin, Sept 1986, 3
Vermont: asks Air RISC styrene question, Jan 1991, 5; regulates CFCs,
July 1989, 11; spotlight on Vermont Agency of National Resources,
July 1989, 3-4; talc dust from quarry in, Nov 1988, 5
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Vinyl acetate: verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Vinyl chloride: May 1985, 6; July 1990, 9; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5
Vinyl cyclohexane: May 1991, 9
Vinyl1dene chloride: May 1985, 6; Jan 1989, 4; July 1989, 9; May 1990, 8;
court decision on and benzene regulation, Sept 1988, 9; regulatory
status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
EPA draft source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; and EPA report
on locating and estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11
Virginia: Air RISC addresses indoor air question in, Jan 1991, 5; finds
carbon disulfide violation, Dec 1989, 4-5; joins air management
association, May 1990, 2; noncriteria pollutant control rules adopted,
Dec 1984, 5-6
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Nov 1987, 6; Jan 1988, 3; Nov 1988, 9;
Jan 1989, 4, 7; Mar 1990, 9; Sept 1990,5; AEERL studies indoor air
sources of, Mar 1991, 4-5; and air stripping during groundwater clean
up, Dec 1985, 2-3; and cancer, Dec 1984, 3; CTC publications on,
Sept 1988, 4-5; emissions from equipment leaks, Jan 1990, 2-3; and EPA
air toxics monitoring data base, June 1986, 11; and EPA emissions
inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; EPA/OAQPS report on, Nov 1987,
9; EPA Region X completes study of, Sept 1987, 5-6; and fiberglass
marine structures, May 1989, 7; Houston monitoring program, Mar 1988,
10; Houston monitoring program and, May 1988, 3-4; from Idaho sugar beet
processing, May 1988, 4-5; Louisiana prepares report on, May 1989, 9;
Nebraska plans data collection on, Sept 1989, 3; North Carolina
pollution prevention programs reduces, Sept 1989, 7; Ontario air toxics
assessment, Mar 1988,7; removed by air stripping, Dec 1989, 9; removed
in vacuum extraction process, Jan 1990, 10; surface impoundment model to
assist in estimating, Dec 1989, 5-6; as tracers of mobile source PM,
May 1989, 5
Volatile Organic Compounds Speciation: EPA/OAQPS report on, Nov 1987, 9;
species manual available, Nov 1988, 9-10
Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST): procedures for, Aug 1985, 8
Waferboard: CTC report on manufacturing plants, Dec 1989, 6; plant studied by
CTC, June 1987, 4
Washington: agency conducts urban air toxics study, June 1987, 7; PSAPCA
evaluates air toxics program, Mar 1990, 6-7; Puget Sound Water Authority
evaluates atmospheric deposition, Dec 1989, 3-4; spotlight on PSAPCA,
July 1988, 2-4; spotlight on PSAPCA, Nov 1990, 1; State proposes wood
smoke legislation, June 1987, 6-7
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Waste-derived fuel: Allegheny County (PA) regulation to control burning of,
Dec 1986, 3; combustion and marketing of, Dec 1985, 4-5; New Jersey rule
on, Apr 1984, 2
Waste disposal: see Hazardous waste disposal, Solid waste disposal
Waste, hazardous: May 1991, 7; and incineration at sea, Feb 1984, 6; and
Puget Sound waste-derived fuel regulation, Dec 1985, 5
Waste incineration: see headings under Incineration
Waste oil combustion: NESCAUM presentation on, Sept 1984, 8; and toxic
emissions, Dec 1984, 2
Waste oil handling and disposal: as risk assessment case study, Feb 1984, 5
Wastewater treatment: Sept 1988, 4; Mar 1989, 11; and California ethylene
oxide rule, July 1990, 3; emissions inventory of in Chicago, Nov 1987,
6-7; and EPA emissions inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; and New
Jersey chemical accident prevention rule, Mar 1988, 7
Water: use of air strippers for, Mar 1988, 9
Water quality analysis: conducted at incinerator ash pile, Sept 1986, 9
Water treatment plants: and New Jersey chemical accident prevention rule,
Mar 1988, 7
Wisconsin: authority to regulate air toxics upheld, Nov 1990, 4; program on
hazardous air pollutants, Sept 1986, 2-4
Wood preservatives: bibliography of, Dec 1985, 9
Wood smoke: and Aspen, Colorado, regulation on woodburning, June 1986, 7-8;
IACP studies nighttime plumes, Sept 1989, 5; and IARC evaluation of
mutagenic activities of photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; Maine
conducts assessment of, Dec 1986, 7-8; measurement of in IACP project to
identify airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; mutagenicity of emissions
of, Nov 1988, 3-4; OAQPS produces public source announcements,
Nov 1990, 9; State of Washington proposes legislation on, June 1987,
6-7; study on woodstove emissions, Jan 1988, 11; tracers studied,
June 1987, 9
Woodstoves: See also Combustion, residential wood-fired; and catalytic
combustors, May 1985, 4-5; certification of in Washington State,
July 1988, 4; emissions from analyzed by GC/MI-R, Sept 1987, 13;
emissions from and conference on, Feb 1985, 6; emissions measured by
IACP, Dec 1986, 9-10; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 5; field study
of conducted in Vermont and New York, Dec 1986, 8; included in Maine's
wood smoke assessment, Dec 1986, 7-8; methods for sampling emissions of,
Sept 1988, 11-12; operating characteristics and relation to smoke
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Woodstoves (continued): tracers, June 1987, 9; "Reg Neg" used in drafting
NSPS covering, Dec 1986, 7; as research area for AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3;
study of emissions of, Jan 1988, 11; Washington State proposes
legislation to control emissions from, June 1987, 6; Washington State
regulation on, July 1988, 2
Hood treatment: Sept 1988, 4
Working group, NATICH: appointment of, Dec 1983 (1, 3); approves NATICH
objectives and guidelines, Feb 1984, 1
Workplace exposure guidelines: Wisconsin recommendations for, Sept 1986, 3
Xylene: May 1985, 6; Jan 1989, 7, 8; May 1990, 8; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
detected in Rhode Island ambient air, Mar 1987, 6; and EPA/IEMD ambient
monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; health impacts assessed in gasoline
study, Dec 1989, 6-8; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4; verified RfC, Nov 1990, 2
Zinc: May 1990, 5, 6; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7
Zinc oxide plants: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9
Zinc smelters, primary: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9
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