&EPA
           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
           Office of Air Quality
           Planning and Standards
           Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/4-85-008
July 1985
           Air
PM10 And Fugitive
Dust In The
Southwest—
Ambient Impact,
Sources And
Remedies

-------
                                         EPA-450/4-85-008
PM10 And Fugitive Dust In The Southwest-
  Ambient Impact, Sources  And  Remedies
                              By

                         PEI Associates, Inc.
                         Golden, CO 80401
                       Contract No 68-02-3512
                         EPA Project Officer
                         Thompson G. Pace
                 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                       Office Of Air And Radiation
                 Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
                     Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                           July 1985 n ,, ••j^TroTTmentaT Protection "Agency
                                  V-ion 5, Library (5PL-16)
                                  0:0 c>  Dearborn Street, Room lc / >
                                  Chicago, IL  60604

-------
This report has been reviewed by the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and approved for publication as received from the contractor. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, neither does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                      EPA-450.- 4-85-008

-------
                            CONTENTS

                                                            Page
Disclaimer                                                   ii
Contents                                                    iii
Figures and Tables                                            v

1.   Introduction                                             1

2.   Site Surveys                                             2

     Microinventories                                         2
     Drive-By Sites                                           7
     Selection of Appropriate Air Quality Data                9
     Calculation of PM-Q Values                               9

3.   Examination of Similarities and Differences Between     12
        IP and Non-IP Sites

     Evaluation of Measured Air Quality Compared With        12
        Qualitative Indicators of Source Activity
     Application of the "Empirical Model"                    15
     TSP                                                     17
     Site Impact Summary and Relationship of IP to           21
        Non-IP Sites
     Comparison of Activity Rates for IP and Non-IP Sites    23

4.   Evaluation of Measured Air Quality and Meteorological   32
        Variables

     Annual Meteorological Variables                         32
     Daily Meteorological Variables                          35
     Relationship Between Duststorms and Monitored TSP       42
       Concentrations

5.   Potential Regulatory Approaches                         46

     Siting Criteria                                         46
     Modification of Measured Values                         47
     Regulation of Fugitive Dust Sources                     48
     Further Regulation of Point Sources                     49
                               111

-------
6.   Summary and Conclusions                                 50

     Sources That are Expected to Contribute to High PM10    50
        Concentrations in the Southwest
     Extent to Which Meteorology Plays a Role in High TSP    55
        Concentrations
     Potential Remedies to a Nonattainment Situation at      56
        These Sites

References                                                   58

Appendix A - Microinventory Procedures                       A-l
Appendix B - Development of Emission Factors                 B-l
Appendix C - Microinventory Results
Appendix D - Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression             D-l
Appendix E - Description of Empirical Particulate Model      E-l

-------
                             FIGURES

Number                                                      Page
  1       Site Locations                                      4

  2       Area Source Sectors in 1-Mile Radius                6


                             TABLES

  1       Microinventory and Drive-By Sites                   3

  2       Proximity of Drive-By Sites to Major Dust Sources   C

  3       Air Quality Data Base                              10

  4       Air Quality Data Base                              14

  5       Empirical Model Results for TSP                    18

  6       Intersite Comparisons                              22

  7       Comparison of Emissions By Source Category         24

  8       Comparison of Fugitive Dust Source Types for TSP   25

  9       Measured Air Quality vs. Annual Meteorological     33
            Variable

 10       Regression Results for IP Network Sites            38

 11       Regression Results for Non-IP Network Sites        41

 12       Relationship Between Windstorms and Monitored      44
            TSP Conditions

 13       Comparison of Coefficients From Original           52
            Empirical Model and SW Empirical Model

 14       Comparison of Source Categories From IP and        54
            Non-IP Sites
                                v

-------
                            SECTION 1
                          INTRODUCTION

     A previous study investigated the ambient monitor sites with
a high probability of exceeding a particulate matter  (PM..)
National Ambient Air Quality Standard  (NAAQS)(EPA 1984).  Approxi-
mately one-half of these sites are in areas having less than 20
inches of precipitation per year.  Also, 10 percent of the sites
were in dry rural areas with no apparent traditional sources
nearby.  The purpose of this project is 1)  determine the nature
of the sources having an impact on these sites, 2) determine to
what extent meteorology plays a role in high measured concentra-
tions, and 3)  develop possible remedies to a potential non-
attainment situation.
     For an answer to these questions, three analyses were per-
formed.  Described in Section 2 are a series of 20 microinven-
tories wherein sources within a 1-mile radius of 20 monitors were
inventoried in detail.  Section 3.0 contains an analysis of
similarities and differences between Inhalable Particulate (IP)
Network Sites and other sites microinventoried.  Section 4.0
includes an evaluation of the relationship between meteorological
variables and measured concentrations.  Section 5.0 contains a
discussion of alternate control remedies.
     Sections 2 through 5 provide background information, and
answers to the three study questions are presented in Section 6.

-------
                            SECTION 2
                          SITE SURVEYS

     A total of 31 particulate monitoring sites were specified by
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  (EPA) for field surveys.  Of
these sites, 20 were microinventoried.  The 11 drive-by site were
not microinventoried.  The primary purpose of these site visits
was to evaluate the monitor siting and localized particulate
sources of each.  The monitoring sites are listed in Table 1 and
shown (by TSP and pM10) on Figure 1.

MICROINVENTCRIES
     The inicroinventory procedure used for this study has been
used in various parts of the Nation over the last 6 years  (PEDCo
Environmental, Inc., 1979a, 1979b, 1979c, 1979d, 1979e, 1979f).
This study, however,  marks the first time these techniques have
been applied to PM,Q sources.
     The survey procedure used at the 20 sites was to survey  (via
automobile) all probable sources of particulate emisssions within
a 1-mile radius of each of the sampling sites.  Point and area
sources of particulate emissions were located on maps during the
ground survey.  The maps were labeled with pertinent data such as
size and boundaries of the source, observed activity and opera-
tional characteristics, and estimated emission rates.  Two ob-
servers independently estimated and agreed upon parameters ob-
served at each source to enhance accuracy and completeness.  The
exact procedures followed in the inicroinventory are described in
Appendix A.

-------
            TABLE 1.  MICROINVENTORY AND DRIVE-BY SITES
                       MICROINVENTORY SITES

 1.      Carefree Airport, Carefree, AZ
 2.      Canyon Drive, Hayden, AZ
 3.      1845 Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ
 4.      4732 S. Central Ave., Phoenix, AZ
 5.      521 10th Ave., Safford, AZ
 6.      201 S. 2nd Ave., Yuma, AZ
 7.      225 Chester Ave., Bakersfield
 S.      815 Main St., Brawley, CA
 9.      Powerline Rd., China Lake, CA
10.      935 Broadway, El Centre, CA
11.      14838 Foothill Blvd., Fontana, CA
12.      3021 Manor St., Oildale, CA
13.      588 Mission Blvd., Rubidoux, CA
14.      Cobre Supply, Bayard, NM
15.      Anthony School, Anthony, NM
16.      Grant County K'ater Dept. Building, Hurley, NM
17.      222 S. Campbell St., El Paso, TX
18.      2616 W. Paisano Dr., El Paso, TX
19.      Clint High School, Clint, TX
20.      2935 South, 8560 West, Magna, UT
                           DRIVE-BY SITES

21.      13665 N. Scottsdale Rd., Scottsdale,  AZ
22.      1700 Flower St., Bakersfield, CA
?3.      341 First St., Calexico, CA
24.      7002 Magnolia Ave., Riverside,  CA
25.      Sunland Park Racetrack,  Dona Ana County,
26.      McNutt Rd., Dona Ana County, NK
27.      7862 San Jose Rd.,  El  Paso, TX
28.      2300 San Diego Ave., El  Paso, TX
29.      9060 Socorro, El Paso, TX
30.      700 East 2nd South, Pleasant Grove,  UT
31.      50 East Main, Lindon,  UT

-------
o>

-------
Point Sources
     During the ground survey, an attempt was made to locate
every significant particulate point source  (_>_ 1 ton/yr within 1
mile of the monitor).  Once identified, annual particulate emis-
sions from industrial sources were obtained from a state or NEDS
point source listing.  Further, any source  listed in the point
source file and not identified in the survey was located by using
universal transverse mercator  (UTM) coordinates and street ad-
dresses .
     A table of point sources within 5 miles of the monitor was
compiled for each sampler site.  These sources were compiled from
NEDS source listings provided by EPA and source worksheets pro-
vided by the appropriate state agency.  Only those sources with
estimated annual particulate emissions of 25 tons/yr or more were
considered to be major point sources unless they were within 1
mile of the monitor.  Smaller sources listed in the point source
file were considered, but their predicted impact on the monitor
was insignificant at more than 1 mile.  Estimated PM,n emissions
from the point sources were calculated from the TSP data by using
£ recent report that includes a compilation of particle size
distributions for a variety of sources (PEDCo 1984a).
     Distance and compass direction from the monitoring site were
computed for each point source so that source could be assigned
to the appropriate wind quadrant as required by the "Empirical
Model" procedure (EPA 1979a).
Area Sources
     The area to be microinventoried was divided into nine sec-
tors, as shown in Figure 2.  All identified fugitive dust sources
within the survey area were recorded on the data sheet by sector
with estimates of size, location, and activity.  Appropriate
emission factors were then applied to each  source to calculate
estimated annual emissions.  These emission factors are discussed
in Appendix B.

-------
                                            0.25 mi




                                            0.5  mi
Figure 2.   Area  source sectors  in  1-mile  radius.

-------
     Conventional area source emissions were not included in the
ground survey, but they were added to the emissions from state or
NEDS files to determine the total area source particulate emis-
sions by sector.  Residential and commercial fuel combustion
emissions were determined for each sector by apportioning county
emission totals by the ratio of sector/county population and
area.  The county emission totals were obtained from NEDS area
source emissions reports.  Values used are indicated on the area
source summary sheets for each site.
Site Summaries
     A multipage summary was compiled for each sampling site
inventoried.  These site data summaries are presented in Appendix
C.  The first page of each summary is a complete description of
the individual site, including SAROAD code, street address, UTM
coordinates, location and height of the monitor, land-use, topog-
raphy in the vicinity of the site, localized sources within 200
feet of the monitor, and historical air quality data.  The sam-
pler site and surrounding 1-mile-radius survey areas are illus-
trated on the second page.  The next two pages summarize the area
source emission (both TSP and PMin) for a 1-mile radius about the
sampler site.  A listing of all the point sources located within
a 5-mile radius of the sampler is included on the succeeding
pages.

DRIVE-BY SITES
     A total of 11 sites were visited but not microinventoried.
During each visit, photographs were taken of the monitor siting.
Additional photographs were taken in a 360 degree circle around
the monitor.  The purpose of driving by the 11 sites was to
determine if the monitors were correctly sited and if they were
directly impacted by a nearby particulate source.  Drive-by
survey results are shown in Table 2.  Five of the 11 sites had
major dust sources nearby.

-------
TABLE 2.    PROXIMITY OF DRIVE-BY SITES TO MAJOR DUST SOURCES
Site Location
21
22
23
24
25
26

27
28
29
30
31
. Scottsdale
. Bakersfield
. Calexico
Riverside
. Sunland Park
. McNutt Road

. San Jose Rd.
San Diego Avenue
Socorro Rd.
Pleasant Grove
Lindon
Major emission sources. dose
Exposed areas, construction
None
None
Paved roads
Powerplant
Unpaved road, unpaved area,
plant, concrete batching,
Unpaved lot
None
None
None
None
to site





power-
smelter






-------
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE AIR QUALITY DATA
     Because the sites were visited in 1984, the 1983 data were
the first choice for the measured air quality data to be used as
the dependent variable.  Air quality data were available from two
sources.  A 1982 and 1983 SAROAD listing was obtained for each of
the sites.  In addition, for the eight sites that were part of
the EPA IP sampling network  (sites 1, 3, 7, 13, 14, 17, 19 and
20), daily values were available from a previous study for 1979
through 1982  (PEDCo 1984b).
     A review of the available data made it apparent that not all
the data for each site were appropriate for use.  The TSP data
for IP network sites and state monitors at the same location were
not always consistent, and some data represented insufficient
samples for calculation of a valid annual mean.  In other cases,
the sites were not operational during the years of interest.
Consequently, the following hierarchy was established for selec-
tion of data for each site:
     1.   If 1983 TSP data are available and 45 or more samples
          were taken (75% of possible), use 1983 data.
     2.   If 1983 TSP data are inadequate, use 1982 TSP data if
          45 or nore samples were taken.  Also, for 1982, if both
          IP network and state monitoring data are available, use
          the IP network data  (TSP and IP or PNL . concentrations)
          if more than 45 samples were taken.
     3.   If neither of the above conditions hold, use the year
          with the most samples from 1981-1983.
Based on this selection process, the TSP and IP data shown in
Table 3 were made a part of the data base.

CALCULATION OF PM1() VALUES
     After selection of the air quality data for each site,
equivalent PMnn data were derived for each site.  For site 13,
which has TSP, IP,  and PM.. n measured data, the measured PM.. _
value was used, even though only 36 samples were taken.  When

-------
TABLE 3.  AIR QUALITY DATA BASE
Site No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1?
13
14
1 £
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Year
1982
1983
1982
1982
1983
1983
1981
1982
1982
1982
1981
1983
1982
1983
1983
Annual average
concentrations,
ug/m3
TSP
46b
119
101
128
110
119k
118b
145b
26,
123b
143
108
130
116
116
1983 98
1983 96
1983 • 139
1981 67
1983 . 55,
1982 i 7i
1982 112
1982 166L
1982
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
110°
89
112
192
60
121
55
58
IP
21

54



64b





92
e

PMioa
16C
56.
42C
60
52
56
49
68
12
58
67
51^
78d
54
54
46
e 45
65
46 35
Number of
samples
TSP
43b
51
53
61
56
53,
30b
25b
52k
42b
56
49
45
60
60
IP
49

43



25b





PM10












38 i 36
j

59 !
51
57
50


CO
J J
e 26 56,
' 33 20°










53
78
52
42
C?

-------
sites had measured IP data, these data were multiplied by an IP
to PM1n conversion factor of 0.77 obtained from a recent report
(PEDCo 1984b).   For those sites with measured TSP data only, a
two step process was developed.  First, a ratio of the mean IP
and TSP concentrations was calculated from simultaneous TSP and
IP data observed at the eight IP network sites from 1979 to 1982.
For each site,  average IP and TSP concentrations were calculated
from the data on days for which both measurements were available.
The resulting ratios of IP/TSP varied from 0.50 to 0.70.  The
weighted average ratio (based on sample size) was then calculated
to be 0.60.  This value agreed well with the previously reported
IP/TSP ratio of 0.61  (PEDCo 1984b).  Consequently, the 0.61 ratio
reported as the national average ratio was used for the TSP to IP
conversion.  Finally, the 0.61 value was multiplied by the 0.77
PM,n/IP ratio noted above to yield a PM,n/TSP conversion factor
of 0.47.  These factors were applied to the measured data in
Table 3 to obtain an estimate of PM-,0 for each site.
     Because of the limited data base, this method was developed
to obtain a PM., n value for each site.  The use of such multi-
pliers as those listed above (0.77, 0.61, 0.47) is not the pro-
cedure recommended in "Procedures for Estimating Probability of
Nonattainment of a PM-in NAAQS Using Total Suspended Particulate
NAAQS Using Total Suspended Particulate or Inhalable Particulate
Data3 (EPA 1984).  Their use in this analysis is for demonstra-
tive purposes only and should not be construed as a recommenda-
tion for their future use.  The reader should refer to the refer-
enced EPA document for recommended approaches.
                                11

-------
                            SECTION 3
           EXAMINATION OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
                   BETWEEN IP AND NON-IP SITES
     A series of five analyses were undertaken to examine the
similarities and differences between sources at non-IP and IP
sites.  Determining the sources impacting the monitors is helpful
for two reasons.  First, if the IP and non-IP sites are similar
with regard to sources and PM,~/TSP ratios, EPA can be confident
that conclusions gained from analyzing the IP network data, such
as the Probability Guideline (EPA 1984), can be extrapolated to
the larger data base of non-IP sites.  Second, knowledge of
source types causing high measured values directs the focus of
control strategies.  The five analyses are presented in the
following subsections.

EVALUATION OF MEASURED AIR QUALITY COMPARED WITH QUALITATIVE
INDICATORS OF SOURCE ACTIVITY
     This analysis was performed to determine if the mere
presence or absence of certain types of emission sources can be
used to explain the intersite variation observed in annual air
quality measurements.  Based on observations made during the site
visits, a list of seven indicators of sources having a potential
impact at the monitors was developed.  These indicators were
split into industrial sources and fugitive dust sources as
follows:  industrial—smelting, oil, other industrial; fugitive
dust—agriculture, exposed areas, unpaved areas, construction.  A
data base was developed with measured annual concentration listed
as the dependent variable and indicators of source activity as
the independent variables.  These indicators were merely 0 or 1,
where the presence of a source category within 1 mile of the
                                12

-------
monitor was indicated by a 1 and its absence by a 0.  The qualita-
tive indicators are shown in Table 4, along with the air quality
data base.
     The method used to evaluate the data base in Table 4 was
stepwise multiple linear regression  (MLR).  It was available
as a computer program as part of the Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences  (SPSS)  (Nie, et al. 1975).  The regression pro-
gram is explained in moderate detail in Appendix D.  Further
information on this program can be found in the following two
references:  Statistical Methods, Fourth Edition (Snedecor 1946);
Applied Regression Analysis (Draper and Smith 1965) .  The program
first selects the independent variable that is the best predictor
for the dependent variable (concentration).  The dependent vari-
able values are then changed to reflect the effect of this inde-
pendent variable.  The process is then repeated with the remain-
ing variables until all have been used in the equation or until
no improvement in the predictive equation was obtained by adding
another variable.
     The MLR outputs of greatest interest are the significance of
each variable and the portion of the total variation explained by
the variables at each step of the regression (R2).   Significance
is the probability that the observed relationship between the
independent and dependent variables is due to chance.  For the
purposes of this analysis and the following discussions on other
analyses, if the significance was less than 0.05, the variable
was considered to be a significant one.  If the significance was
greater than 0.05, the variable was not considered to be signif-
icant.  Only those variables deemed significant were included in
the final regression equation from the MLR analysis.  For each
MLR analysis, the significant variables were checked for col-
linearity.  No significant intercorrelations were found for
any of the significant variables.
                                13

-------
00


CQ
§
o-J



5 i

  .!i

^j-

UJ ' 1
—1
03




CD

(O O
i- •!-
O! •»•>
«3 S- E
r— C O>
— i »— 'O"— 'O«— it— lOOOi— — <>— — 1 i— !•— 11— (OOO«~ ''— 'O>— 'O<— — '•— <
OOOOOO-HOOCO-— 'OOOOOOOOO'-HOOOOOOOOO
1
^^ r—^ CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD **""* CD *~^ ^-^ r~( CD '"^ CD CD CD CD *~^ *~~« CD CD ^^ CD CD '
1

CT1 -CO LT) CO VT5
CVI
Si8S!gSS5SaS5SSSSJgJS!SSSRS?SKS!S3gS5SK:
r- 4 ^a- «a- cvi vo
£253222$ SS5§^2SS^S^S?:^^2g^&!gc:SS

cococxjcocococoacccoaDracocxjcooococoracx/cacacocooowaam




-------
Results
     As shown in Table 4, the variable descriptors for unpaved
and exposed areas are present at all sites and consequently never
entered the MLR equation.  For the other variables, the results
are as follows:
Step      Variable  (in order of output)   R	R2   Significance
 1         Agriculture                  0.13  0.018      0.473
 2         Other  (industrial)           0.17  0.029      0.581
 3         Oil                          0.17  0.030      0.843
 4         Construction  (fugitive dust) 0.18  0.031      0.913
None of the other variables entered the regression.
     As is evident from the results, this simplistic approach to
the description of the source receptor relationship at these
sites yields no significant results.  An additional computer run
was made that eliminated those sites with less than 45 samples.
This effort also did not yield any significant results.  There-
fore, it can be said that the source type descriptors used do not
adequately explain the observed variation in air quality between
sites.

APPLICATION OF THE "EMPIRICAL MODEL"
     The EPA has developed an Empirical Model to relate particu-
late emissions in an area to ambient air quality  (EPA 1979a).
The particulate emission data are obtained through a survey
technique referred to as a microinventory.  In addition to provid-
ing the emission data used in the empirical model, the microinven-
tory procedure allowed the observers to become familiar with each
site.
     The Empirical Model is a multiple linear regression equation
with the annual geometric mean particulate concentration as the
dependent variable and with four independent variables.  The
model was derived from microinventory data from 79 sites in four
cities (Kansas City, St. Louis, Portland, and Birmingham), which
yielded a multiple correlation of 0.88 with the four independent
variables.  The model is described more fully in Appendix E.
                                15

-------
     The general form of the equation is:

      AVGAQ = 0.00451 (AREA) + 0 . 0096 (POINT) + 50. 5 (LOCAL)
              18.6(VISDT) + (DPT, DSL, DB , or 0) + 51.2

where AVGAQ = Predicted annual geometric mean, mg/m3
                  A
                         25
                             -I-
                    —    .               -
               0.0324   HGT      0.16     0.6084
         A. = Total area source emissions in section i, ton/vr
          1   (i = 1 to 9)
        HGT = Height of sampler, ft
               n   PSEM.
      POINT = y]   - =^ (WWF)
          n = Number of point sources within 5 mi
      PSEM. = Emissions from point source i, ton/yr
         D. = Distance to point source i, mi (lower limit of
              D. if 0.25)
        WWF = wind weighting factor computed as wind frequency
              (%) in quadrant where source is located divided
              by 25, dimensionless.   (The frequency of winds was
              determined from NWS data taken at the nearest
              station or a compilation of the two nearest
              stations'  data.)
                 In ADT        In ADT~
      LOCAL = 	— +	
               HGT2 +DIS 2    HGT2 +D1S 2

       ADT.; = Average daily traffic on nearby road i, veh/day
       DIS"T = Distance to road i, ft  (upper lir.it of DIS. is
          1   200)                                       1
      VISDT = 0 if no visible plume results from passing
              traffic, 1 if there is a plume
DPT, DSL, DB= Dummy variables to account for different back-
              ground concentrations in each of the cities
              relative to Kansas City:
              DPT = -21.6 (Portland), DSL = -6.6  (St. Louis),
              DB = -6.9  (Birmingham)

The model is appropriate for use in several areas:
     1.   Determining the impact of a source or source category

          on ambient air quality.

     2.   Predicting air quality at locations where there is no

          sampler.

     3.   Evaluating the impact of a source or source category on

          ambient air quality.

     4.   Evaluating the impact of particulate control measures.
                                16

-------
     Despite the fact that it was developed for other geograph-
ical areas, the model was used in this instance to evaluate its
applicability and utility for monitoring sites in the Southwest.
This area of the country is substantially drier than those metro-
politan areas for which the model was developed.  No previous
attempt had been made to apply this technique to the Southwest.
Consequently, should the technique prove applicable, it would be
a useful tool for estimating the relative impacts of the various
sources and source categories identified during the
microinventories.

TSP
     Using the form of the Empirical Model and the TSP microin-
ventory data in Appendix C, predicted concentrations for TSP were
calculated for the four independent variables in the equation.
These results were summed and then the 57.2 constant term was
added.  These results are compared with measured air quality data
in Table 5.
     A simple correlation between measured and predicted air
quality yields a correlation coefficient "r" of 0.40.  If the
five sites with 45 or fewer samples are eliminated, the correla-
tion rises to 0.59.  Even with these data points eliminated, the
relationship explains less than 35 percent of the variance in the
data.
     An interesting result presented in Table 5 is the difference
in average residual values, wherein the Empirical Model predicted
better for the IP sites than for the non-IP sites.  Since the
Empirical Model was developed for areas with significantly higher
amounts of precipitation and for predicting annual geometric mean
TSP concentrations, the belief was that performing an entirely
new analysis for the 20 sites microinventoried for this study
would yield a better TSP Empirical Model for the Southwest region
of the country.
                                17

-------









ft.
UB
00
1—
o:
CD
LL.

00
H"
— 1
"*"*
OO
LU
ac.

— J {
LU
O
O
2:
	 i
>— i
»— «
a.
LU
u4
UJ
_J
co

i —













































i

i



c
o
•HJ
JO

e
o>
0 n
c E
O •-*
o en
-O
GJ
4->
O

•o
a/
s_
o.





H- O)
O •—
Q.
• E
o re
Z (/I
re
zs m
•n F~
W E
£ a
T3 •
Ol . m
e » » £•-
*- w fcr
3 = -^
LO o en
re o 3-
QJ
s:





-c

4-> . m
o u 5
'^ C "^^
"O O CT>
O) U 3
s_
a.


1— E
OO CJ
t— i 4J
^>


— i £

C_? UJ
0 4->
— 1





1 — E

S QJ
0 +->
(X






i>O *~^ r**» r^*. I™** 0*1 CTi v£j Q.J
r— H (— H >
"^


OOOO^OOO
OO




O^TOOVDLOOO
CM O ro O
r— t t—H i— H i— t






OOCSJOO-— *OO^
• • •
0 O 0




oo^r-.vo«DCOCMOo
«=rco.-*co—  LO LO


C?S£CM§?5~SC?£'0
ii i iii

CMOOCOOvO'— ICVIVO
cncoccomLOcvjcMCOLoeocTi^"
r-HCsj-— i »— i«3-cvjcsj*3-O'— ^ Q-( Q^ (^ »~H ^J- CtJ
i—4 r— i t— H r— < 1—4 >
"^

I
OOUSOOOOLO^LO^^
co co co co co co




coi~^i — cooocnr^-OCMOOO
CSJLOOOCOyDr-^LO«3-LO
I-H






O«-"OOOO
-------
     To that end, a data base composed of data extracted from the
microinventory summaries was compiled.  This data base contained
area source emissions by annular sectors, point source emissions
by sector and quadrant, wind frequency distributions by quadrant,
monitor heights and distances to paved streets within 200 feet of
the monitors, ADT on these streets, air quality data, and a
visible dust indicator  (VISDT = 0 or 1).  Procedures followed
were those used in the development of the original Empirical
Model.
Multiple Linear Regression Results
     The MLR program was exercised with the four major terms
(AREA, POINT, LOCAL and VISDT) for the 15 sites with valid years
of monitoring data (Sites 1, 7, 8, 10 and 13 were excluded; see
Table 5).  The results of the analyses for TSP are:
 >tep  Variable  (in order of output)    R     R2
 1             VISDT                 0.48   0.23
 2             LOCAL                 0.65   0.42
 3             AREA                  0.72   0.52
 4             POINT                 0.74   0.55
                                                  Significance
                                                      0.067
                                                      0.072
                                                      0.168
                                                      0.490
                                                             '10
For PM-iQf the LOCAL and VISDT terms were identical to those used
for TSP; the AREA and POINT terms were calculated by using PK1
emissions.  The results of the PMin analysis are:
Step  Variable (in order of output)   R      R2   Significance
1
2
3
4
VISDT
LOCAL
AREA
POINT
0.50
0.63
0.69
0.71
0.25
0.40
0.48
0.50
0.061
0.114
0.206
0.447
The results indicate that none of the variables are significant
at the 0.05 level; however, it is interesting to note that the
variables entered the equations for PM.. - and TSP in the same
order.  Further, the presence of a fugitive dust source with
visible emissions (VISDT) is an interesting result; VISDT refers
to the presence of a visible dust plume from traffic on a street
located within 200 feet of a monitor.  This result indicates the
                                19

-------
importance of the cleanliness of the street near the monitor on
measured concentrations.
     Although the predictive equations explain only about 50 to
55 percent of the variance in the data (as compared with 77
percent in the original model development analysis), it is inter-
esting to compare the various forms of the equations:
Empirical Model
Cone = 0.00451(AREA) + 0.00096(POINT) + 50.5(LOCAL) + 18.6(VISDT)
       + 57.2
TSP Equation for this study
Cone = 0.0022(AREA) + 0.0026(POINT) + 138.3(LOCAL) + 34.5(VISDT)
       + 55.5
PM1n Equation for this study
Cone = O.OOIS(AREA) + 0.002(POINT) + 51.03(LOCAL) + 15.4(VISDT)
       + 27.4
     The two equations derived from the 15 sites in this study
have constant terms similar to those in the original form of the
Empirical Model.  The LOCAL terms and the TSP VISDT term have
much higher constants here, which suggests the relative impor-
tance of nearby sources on measured air quality in the Southwest.
Similarly, the coefficient for the POINT term is much higher in
the derived equations from this study.  Finally, the AREA term
has much smaller coefficients.  In general, these Southwest sites
had smaller point source emissions and larger area source emis-
sions than those found at the sites from which the Empirical
Model was derived.  Consequently, the different coefficients for
the AREA and POINT term may be the result of this distribution.
This conclusion is supported somewhat by the low significance for
these two variables.
     It should be noted that these new empirical equations should
not be used for subsequent analyses.  They are merely illustra-
tive of the methodology that could be used to develop site-spe-
cific equations.  Further details on this technique and its
limitations can be found in the literature (EPA 1979a).
     Finally, the emission calculations for the sites microinven-
toried demonstrate the high  level of fugitive dust around these

                                20

-------
sites, which would be a significant factor in measured concentra-
tions in excess of the proposed PM.„ standards.  Of particular
concern are those sites that are located immediately adjacent to
unpaved areas.
     Concentrations measured at such sites may not be represen-
tative for a particular area because of the presence of such
localized sources.  In cases where few sources exist except one
unpaved road, a particular area may be inappropriately classified
as nonattainment entirely as the result of the monitor location.

SITE IMPACT SUMMARY AND RELATIONSHIP OF IP TO NON-IP SITES
     A summary of relevant site data relating to proximity to
emission sources was prepared for the 20 sites that were micro-
inventoried as shown in Table 6.  For each site, the air quality
data on file were searched for the highest measured 24-h IP
concentration for the IP Network sites and the highest 24-h TSP
concentration for the other sites.  Conversion factors from a
recent report were used to convert these measured values to
equivalent PM   values as follows  (PEDCo 1984b):
          High 24-h PM10 = 0.78 (high 24-h IP)
          High 24-h PM1Q = (0.78)  (0.75) (high 24-h TSP)
These values were then entered on the table.  It should be noted
that the use of such multipliers is not recommended in the Proba-
bility Guidelines.  Also indicated in Table 6 are those sites
that did not have an adequate number of samples to represent a
valid annual mean concentration, and those sites that had an
obvious significant fugitive dust source or major point source in
the vicinity of the monitor.   Of those sites with a sufficient
number of samples from which to compute valid annual arithmetic
means, only two (Clint and Bayard) of the five IP Network sites
had a nearby emission source.  It was apparent at the time of the
microinventory that these sources would have a potential large
                                21

-------





























OO
z:
c
00
o:
o.
2.
o
(_j

LU
!—
— ' 1
00
Q;
LU
t—
s

•
UD
LU
— 1
™~l
L^J
t—
































OO
QJ
O OJ
3 £
c £
(/I
C 4->
0
•r- CD
oo oo
oo O
•r™ r—
E o














i

^
c
QJ
•r-
^
•»— r
l*-
<*-
3
00 i
c
*-"
-
o "5>~
C •!- «
o z c
a; o>
rC
_E


00 f
LU



























=
• »—
0
Q_





4_>
V)
3
T3

flJ
>
•^
4->
•r—
CD
3
U_
en oo
C CJ
>- 3
i-> to
r- 00
/) -r-





o.
- Q.
Q. IS1
— »r-
fO OO
n


c o
1 f— 1
3- S.
M a.
ro O
3 i— i
C SL"
C 0.
a:









c~
C
• ^
4^
ro
U
0





QJ
Jo







































00
O)
4iJ
•r—
OO

>*i












































>^
ro
3

X 4-> QJ
ro O S-
4-> !— 3
4_>
T3 T5 r—
QJ QJ 3
> > (J
rt3 TO **~
Q. Q. S_
c c en
=3 =3  Q.
QJ E
oo ro
0 13 0
O i—
C£ OJ 1
QJ 1 •!- X
OJ X 4- 3 O
i- ••- oo O "O oo
<+-CS--Di-ro4Jro
aiojoi-'-roci.cc
i. O ^. J2 >» ••- CD
ro r" ro 3 ro r— ^— ro
C-J Q_ CQ Ql CD LU O y
^H oo r^ oo ^y ^^« c^ r~ j
•79





































00
QJ
4_>
-r-
00

c.
l_(
i
z































QJ
rO oo
cn i—
S- 0) S- J.
a; »e •!- 01 a;
,— -O f— r—
fl; c i — Cy QJ
E ro -r- E E
oo oo o oo oo




eS
>, oo >, oo
r- 01 oo "DO; TD
3 i — •*-> ro r— 4-> ro
ro •— O O^T3OO
J= (Or— i_ ro S- r- 4-
Ol ro
13 TJ-0 ^ -O-0>5-OT3
QJ Qjaj>, ro OJrjjr— Qjrjp
> "C >>O) -— >>O>>
ro ro fO ro r— ro ro O ro ro
Q. O Q. Q.I— >> Q. Q-X: Q. Q.
c s_ ccro i- szcucc
r5 => =3 0 r31300Z3Z3


x xx; x x:xxx:x




1
! I




X X
I




j
CO Or^-oo ooi— icounouscno
O LT) 00
C 'i""
O) ro
t i f\

• •
oo 3
HI
1 -^ C 1
ro S-
X T3 >>— 1 4-> ro QJ >» O
C -I-S- , 00
O) CO i— rOQjroroOQJro
•O QJ^t-rO 5CO4->T3^:r— Q_
>> O4-E ro-<- Ci — -Mi.
ro OZro3 l-^Ii — O -r- c 3 i —
X Q-l/0>- CaULULL.O<^LU
CM ^" LO VO CO O"> O i"" ' CM LO VO OO


-------
impact on measured concentrations because of the monitor loca-
tion.  For those monitors without a nearby emission source,
measured concentrations are apparently due to any one or
all of the following:
     0    High background concentrations
     0    Fugitive sources not near the monitor but still im-
          pacting the monitor
     0    Point sources some distance away.
     Nine of 10 non-IP sites with valid data had a nearby source
that may have contributed to high localized concentrations.  This
observation is probably one of the most significant findings of
this study.  Although it cannot be absolutely determined to what
extent these monitor locations contributed to high measured
concentrations, it is reasonable to assume that the measured
concentrations would have been lower had the monitors been sited
elsewhere.  In this regard, it is interesting to note that for
sites with valid data, the high 24-hour PM10 concentration is 49
yg/m3 higher for non-IP sites than for IP sites.

COMPARISON OF ACTIVITY RATES FOR IP AND NON-IP SITES
     Another method of examining possible differences between IP
sites and non-IP sites is to examine summary data from the micro-
inventories relating to fugitive sources and point sources.
These data are shown in Tables 7 and 8, and differences can be
analyzed at three levels:  1)  comparison by emission category
type, 2)  comparison of emissions ratios from IP and non-IP sites,
and 3)  comparison of PM10/TSP emission ratios to ambient PM1f./TSP
ratios at selected IP sites.
Comparison of Emission Category Type at IP and Non-IP Sites
     Comparison of emission categories between IP and non-IP
sites in Table 7 for fugitive area sources indicates that, on
average,  non-IP sites had 38 and 36 percent more TSP and PM.. n
                                23

-------
a:
O
o
UJ

et
o:
Z3
O
O
on

ce
e£
CX

o
CO


a.
m
1
§C k
oi o
k > v>-
»- c -

,,
r

^™ — v» •. m
S^e> o D — a
4>- k — eno
-*< U k 3
Z
Cv


•» — O I
at z •»->
o
X. 4U
«.

cn
c
Cro 6 k
-« o o
Z k *J
Cv Cv v>- —


vn
H-
c
o
i in
o e 01
— 4-; u "k



°5;
Cv. Cv
in
H-
1
ES
§1
. c
4-1
O












C
0

in
C
o
(A
Wt

E
Lu

z-
o.
VI
<-> Ol
c w
O 3
Cv 0



m
Ol
u
k

0
ts
>
c
o
in
C
0

E
u
£




(

01
u
k
0
*Q
Ol
*


in


f
p^

o
u

,
en
3
U.
13
O
w 01
c u
O 3
-V O
vn
JD

O
°
en
u.
01
z
in
vovn
vn vn
00
vnCM
m w
o o
r** in
vn in
o o
— vo
CM —
cn «•
O en
CO
I-. O
O vn
,TVO
cn en
cn
m vn
vo — •
in r».
O
CM
O
m
f*. — *
00
CM
vo «r
in r-
01 •— X
k > C
k>- Ol Ol
Ol vo o
k O f
v o a.
1 1 Q£
— cn
cn co vo CM
in in in in
O o OO
CM O
«• vo
do
in — • r- cn
f» vo vn vo
0000
mv^-.
vO O P^ P-
vo in vn m
CO in — —
CM
co P— o O
wo oo
m cn *r
«••«• cncn
cn — vo oo
CM
en o co co
CO CM O CO
o CM m *f
m CM — vo
vom-CM
*-• vn c* fsj
VO 0 P- —
CM cn vn
vO V 00
fn CM co «•>
CM CO CO •—
.-CM .-1
cn-mcn
vn w o CO
CM CO P» W
vn cn CM CM
5
•< • X
'O O *>H-
1 -z •
— X — O
in o T3 oi *
o'oo

O CM,in
CM P^ CO
cn
o
in
1-1 m cn
ovnvo
^
1
CO
fO O> V
z~"
2«_
rO *ff O
CSl «O "•*
1 iO CO
O
S cn
*•* »-«
^
— O T
1 CO VO
vO
vn
>
0) T3
cn e c
C IB 10
•0 01 «->










in

a.
c
o
z













'inr- cncMincM-cnco-cnm
OO OOOOOOOOOO
envn cn CM cn ^ CM CM voo o in
|l gpSsjglssg
f^ ^^ ^r f^ co CT* c^ r«j ro
v CM « ro ro in ^-« o
incj cr*a»inoa*^^nesjrt
•^ CNJ 0^
*<-, ^mco^co-CMP-coc.
SJG is*-§-2gSS
even CMr.«reovoo-^voo
Is ||§S|||||i
U> f1** r*^ ^3 wD CD ""^ O 9^
U^ ^^ cw ufi ^^ ff> fo n
r*. oa t£ csj to ao *•«
0 «J "* - S m W V° u» -
*0 0- <_>< k
«C P-l U OX
psif— < o oT >uuzz:o
* « • .^ ° . ,z c "
ceck 01 c c •— c >,— «s
>» £V.E«^ c — 4J T —
a • a. n) 3 k £ — o— ca -uj
CM-» m vo co cn o -^ 
O "" *""
vo
i CO en
o
CM
CM CM —
« co vn
i m ^*
«.
So§
O CM —
CO
— vn vn
S — ?
O """ ""

-------
Qi
O
U.
O
Oi
o
oo

IX

Q.

O
co
CQ
o
•o en
a> c m
 «t
l/l
1
"3 CD
O V.
•»• 3
W +J
cn
Construc-
tion
Cleared
Areas
Unpaved
Rds/Alleys
in
C T3 4J
1C 41 OJ
41 > CD
.— "0 !-
0 0. 4-
•o
(O
o
QL
|
-
£
«
B
	
-
o.
X
1
«
£
».
CL
•*-<
Z
0.'
to
vo»
in p^
in —i
r~
— n
o o
CO 00
o «•
^ *~<
-H o'
co o
o' CM
o o

o o

O CM
o'
o in
1C
00
o o
"•
o **-*
CO
CM \C
PO f— •
r^. O
§£
co cn
CM *r
CO 0
" S
0 0

0 O

s.s
Carefre*
Rooseve
— PO

ro-^cn
in «j- o cc
CM co r~ *y
in PO cv. CM
VO CO CM 1C
0 — O O
CM O VO O>
cn in o vo
O PO O U5
o' o'
o o o — •
—< CO
o cn o o
o
o w o o
n
CT^ »-* O- O
f4 ^O Ch
^- VD O CSJ
Of) Csj
CSJ CSJ «-H
c* c* o o
o o us
CO LO CNJ O
v m n
— t vo O &
O ro LT> CO
inrop^co
°Sc^2
«3- cn O —
Cn P-- PO in
cncovocn
?£«£
— • 0 r- c*
0 VO — '
CM
in o CM o
O CO CO
CM
o
X <•- S '•—
r^<*> *f r-
r~* '"•i I~1
VO VO
vo co
vo in
*T CM
O O
1O -«
VO <-i
ec o
0
vo o
CM
I— 1
-« cn
oo w
— in
t-l CM
^ CM
O PO
PO
0 CO
vo'
oo n
CM *r
01 oo
W Cs.
cn^
PO CC
CM 00
in eo
CO 01
~z
oo 10
CM 00
r~. o
CO
o-o
CM
VO
X
in
C C
.— -~ cn
en o
^H CM
eo
VD
VD
•Q-
O
in
CO
CM
o'
CM
„
VO
CM
O
O
o
m
1
0
CO
CO
r— <
CM
r-
O
i
—
o
c*
CO
in
CM
in
in
_
•«*•
in

o
t—

















41
to
1
C
o
z















•nrs. o-c-B-CMeovovo^
S2 IsiRclRgBj!
rnun in PO oo 0 10 «• co csj PO o
00 00- 00-0-OC
CMCM inCMCOOr-CMfMCMeOO
-CM ^oovn -T-^CO
OO O — —'OOinOOOO
— o o o
Or» O-^—iOOTOOOO
oo vocooo-cnoinoo
VO tfl O CO ^*« CTH
oo ^mTOinr-ovooo
«o- co r*~ vn ^ r^ ^,
«r CM PO
CMCO oovnooooooo
r-* in co
CM
us pv. 10 co in o> vo o — tr PO PO
j-co -.jgcocnco-eocjfloo
Oco --«-cncMO>CMr^o^
CNj O (*) C\J ""^ PO r*»
CM ^
icvo c-) -o- -o- 0 in co «• vo 0 cr.
CMC CM^VO «^2-"-ig=;
«T^ r- 0 r- 0 «- 00 CM 0 co r-
COCO CMCFiin O^i—tCMCMOO
in cr- 0 CM c* — cxi vo CM — 10 -.
-*£ ovpo^omnrvD-fMco
Ovo 0 ~ - in OMn CM r^ PO in
*"^ O • CT^ O fl U^ ^3 00 Csj n CO
00 ocxj^ocvc^orocovo
•-* CM
00 o~CMO*3-r~o«rCM«»"
I?;? 2^ K5S
a; f.
^•^t-j «c""ec«is: ° **
pvl ^— ^f (_J 4; • (_> f_^ y£ ^ Q
c c "c i- CD c c t— c >>'^ ro
(0 •O.IC31-.C'— O---C3 -UJ
CM «• in «o eo en o — CM in «5 oo

n
1
v
O
o
o
VO
o
"
r^
2
w
oo
CM
10
CM
o
PO
CM
CM'
o
o
o
PO
10
m
cc
00
ro
oo
in
CM
r^
O
*•
vo
ro
^
^
cn

O
1-


                                                   25

-------
emissions.  Area combustion sources showed little variation
between the IP sites and non-IP sites (x = 11 for IP sites and 10
for non-IP sites).  Point sources emissions around non-IP sites
were significantly higher, averaging 77 and 92 percent more than
the IP sites for TSP and PM... emissions.  A closer examination of
the point source difference shows that among IP sites, only the
El Paso (six sources <500 tons/yr = 1852 tons/yr) and Magna
(Kennecott 2000 tons/yr) sites had large point source emissions.
Among non-IP sites, four sites were influenced by major point
sources totaling 1394 to 3911 tons per year of TSP.  Because the
non-IP sites had both higher average area and point source emis-
sions, total emissions for non-IP sites averaged 55 and 66 per-
cent higher for TSP and PM1Q compared with the IP sites.
     Overall, 50 percent of the TSP emissions and 38 percent of
the PM10 emissions calculated for the 20 sites were attributable
to fugitive dust sources.  Less than 1 percent of the emissions
for both TSP and PM.. were due to area source combustion emis-
sions.  The remainder were attributable to point sources (49 and
61 percent).  For the IP sites the fugitive dust contributions of
the total emissions were 54 and 44 percent for TSP and PM.
Equivalent values for the non-IP sites were 48 and 36 percent.
In all cases, the fraction of the PM.n emissions attributable to
fugitive dust was lower than that for TSP.  Conversely, the
fraction attributable to point sources was higher for pM10-
     A comparison of TSP area source fugitive dust categories is
shown in Table 8.  The percentage of total emissions rows for
each category indicates that the percentage of clean street
emissions at IP sites (38.3 percent) is significantly greater
than the 10.7 percent for non-IP sites, which demonstrates a
generally more urban exposure for IP sites.  Conversely, 40
percent of the fugitive dust source emissions from non-IP sites
were from cleared areas, versus only 3.0 percent at IP sites.
Non-IP sites also had a higher percentage of emissions from
unpaved roads and alleys, whereas the IP sites had a higher
                                26

-------
percentage of construction emissions.  In summary, emission types
from IP sites are more indicative of more fully developed urban-
ized areas with a greater percentage of paved roads and fewer
cleared areas.
Comparison of PM..-/TSP Emission Ratios at IP and Non-IP Sites
     The PM10/TSP ratios calculated for all 20 sites  (Table 7)
showed the values were remarkably close, with similar ratios
(0.63, 0.64) and similar standard deviations (0.10, 0.15).  The
non-IP site ratios, however, had a higher range, as they were
influenced by the point sources near the Fontana  (Kaiser Steel),
Oildale (Chevron Oil, Getty Oil, Shell Oil), and Hurley (Kenne-
cott Copper Smelter) sites.
     The nearly identical ratios are partly a function of the
calculation methodology.  For fugitive dust sources, the PM.. _
fraction used varied from only 0.50 to 0.59 of TSP emissions
(excluding agricultural tilling).  The point sources also had a
narrow PM,n fraction band, generally from 0.85 to 1.00.  In
reality, particle size distributions may not be in two such
homogenous groupings; however, relatively little data are avail-
able for calculating PM,Q from TSP emissions.
Comparison of Emissions PM.-/TSP Ratio With Ambient Ratio
     Converting IP monitored values to PM.. .  (see Section 2) made
it possible to compare the microinventory-derived PM-.../TSP emis-
sions ratio with the monitored PM,Q/TSP ratio.   This comparison
was made for five sites (1, 3, 7, 13, 19).  The monitored ratio
of 0.46 was lower than the microinventory emissions ratio of 0.60
for the sites.  There are several possible explanations for this
factor.  Assuming the monitored values are correct, possible
theoretical explanations are:
     1)   The microinventories resulted in an underestimation of
          fugitive area source TSP emissions, which would result
          in an underestimate of the TSP value for the denom-
          inator.  A higher value would decrease the ratio.  For
          these five sites, the PMlf.-to-TSP ratio for fugitive
          dust was 0.56.
                                27

-------
     2)    The influence of PM-,0 emissions from point sources in a
          5-mile radius of the site may not be as direct as
          assumed, as emissions from point sources generally have
          a higher PM,0/TSP ratio.  For the three sites with
          point source emissions, the PM1f./TSP ratio
          was 0.69. This could result in an overestimation of the
          numerator value.

     3)    The conversion from TSP emissions to PM,0 emissions for
          area and point sources could be inaccurate with an
          unknown positive or negative impact.  In other words,
          there could be an error in the basic emission factor
          equations.

     Assuming the microinventories are correct, possible explan-
ations are:

     1)    At sites heavily impacted by fugitive dust, the high-
          volume sampler  (hi-vol) may not have a D-fi of 30 mi-
          crometers; it may be higher.  This would nave the
          impact of increasing the denominator and reducing the
          ratio.

     2)    The dichotomous samplers used for the IP monitoring may
          not have a Dcr( of 15 micrometers; it may be lower.
          This would decrease the numerator and thereby reduce
          the ratio.

     Tc investigate the theoretical explanations, data were
obtained relevant to particle collection efficiency of the hi-vcl

and dichotomous samplers  (TSP and PM.. Q measurement devices).  Two

findings about the hi-vol are of interest.  First, preliminary
data about the collection efficiency of a hi-vol indicate that
the Dj-n particle size cut of 30 micrometers decreases with in-
creasing windspeed.  The exact function will not be established
until additional research with dry particles such as those found
in the Southwest are completed  (Rhodes 1984) .  Of greater signif-

icance are preliminary results from EPA's PM1Q Monitor Intercom-

parison Study.  In this study a wide range aerosol classifier

(WRAC) was collocated with a hi-vol and PM1Q measurement device.

This device consists of a group of high-volume single-stage
impactors arranged in parallel.  Each sampler has a different

particle size cutpoint for the impactor stage.  Based on WRAC
                                28

-------
results and data from Rubidoux, California, and Phoenix, Arizona,
the hivol monitors of these two locations appear to have a DSO of
about 50 micrometers under ambient monitoring conditions (Rhodes
1984).  Other sampler data on the dichotomous sampler indicate
that the D-^ of an IP dichotomous sampler also decreases with
windspeed, with the 15 micrometer cut achieved at about 9 miles
per hour.  Average windspeed for the monitor locations used in
this study was 7.2 miles per hour.  At this windspeed, the di-
chotomous sampler D_  particle collection efficiency would be
about 16.5 micrometers, a relatively small error considering the
particle size distribution of ambient air.
     Although the windspeed-induced errors in the dichotomous
sampler are relatively small, the finding of the D^ at 50 mi-
crometers for the hi-vol is significant.  For direct comparison
of the emissions ratio with the ambient ratio, it is necessary to
inflate the emissions estimate by the ratio of D50 of 50 microm-
eters over the D,-,, of 30 micrometers.  This ratio affects pri-
marily the area fugitive sources.  The five particle size distri-
butions from AP-42 used with the fugitive sources were examined.
The use ol a lognormal interpolation between Total Particulate
and 30 micrometers showed that the ratio of emissions less than
50 micrometers to emissions less than 30 micrometers was 1.12.
The point source emissions could have been similarly modified to
represent a Dj-n of 50 micrometers, but they were not because the
PM,_/TSP ratios were generally in the range of 0.85 to 1.0 for
individual processes.  Any change due to a modification would
have been slight.  Modifying the area source emissions in Table
8 for the five IP sites results in a change of the emissions
ratio from 0.60 to 0.54.  This ratio is still greater than 0.46,
the ambient ratio.  This difference in the ratios must be attri-
butable to one of the other explanations, a combination of the
theoretical explanations just listed, or to an unknown variable.
                                29

-------
Comparison of Study Ambient Ratio With National Ambient Ratio
     The study ambient PM,Q/TSP ratio is 0.46.  The national
ambient PM,Q/TSP ratio from the IP network is also 0.46.  Conven-
tional wisdom would hold that the ratio in the Southwest should
be lower than the national average, because the West has a lower
background concentration (particles <1Q micrometers), more fugi-
tive dust (particles >10 micrometers), and fewer point sources
(particles <10 micrometers) than the East.  The conventional
wisdom requires further consideration.
     Regarding background concentrations, a comparison of eastern
and western sites in the IP network  (PEDCo 1984b) at background
monitors indicates that the PM... average concentration was 21.2
yg/m3 in the East, and 24.5 yg/m3 in the West, i.e. the conven-
tional wisdom is contradicted by these monitoring data.
     There probably are more fugitive emissions in the West than
in the East; however, the emissions from these sources are not as
coarse as commonly assumed.  This greater amount of fugitive
emissions increases both the denominator and the numerator of the
ratio.  Because the PM.. n ratio for fugitives is roughly 0.5, the
ratio for all emissions will stay near 0.5 when fugitive emis-
sions are added to the ambient air.  For example, if the PH.,.
ratio was near 0.5 and the TSP value was 60 yg/m3, 30 yg/m3 would
be PM.. n.  Adding 10 yg/m3 of TSP emissions to the ambient air of
fugitive emissions would change the TSP value to 70 yg/m3 and the
PM10 value to 35 yg/m3, again resulting in a ratio of 0.5.
     Regarding point sources, 13 of 20 monitors were impacted by
point source emissions of greater than 200 tons of TSP per year.
Seven of 20 monitors were impacted by point source emissions of
greater than 1400 tons of TSP per year.
     In conclusion, it is clear that some of the conventional
wisdom is in error.  First, PM,-, background concentrations are
slightly higher in the West than in the East.  Because fugitive
                                30

-------
emissions have a PM..- ratio of about 0.5, the addition of fugi-
tives does not change the overall PM10 ratio very much.  Western
monitors are also impacted by point sources.  These three factors
combined make it likely that the ambient ratio for the Southwest
should be similar to the national average ratio.
                                31

-------
                            SECTION 4
             EVALUATION OF MEASURED AIR QUALITY AND
                    METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES
     It has been hypothesized that high monitored particulate
concentrations in the Southwest may be due, at least in part, to
the hot and dry conditions in the region.  This section presents
an analysis of the impact of specific meteorological variables,
both on an annual and a daily basis.  The final subsection ana-
lyzes the relationship between windstorms and measured concen-
trations .

ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES
     The data base developed for the analysis of annual mete-
orological variables includes 50 TSP, 8 IP, and 50 calculated
PM-i Q annual arithmetic means; number of samples for each air
quality mean value; mean annual wind direction (10-degree sec-
tors; 00-36) and windspeed; peak windspeed; and annual precipita-
tion.  These data are summarized in Table 9.  Derivation of the
air quality values was described in Section 2.
     Most of the meteorological data were obtained from data
summaries of the National Weather Service  (NWS) station nearest
to the site.  The exception was the precipitation data.  In cases
where local precipitation records were available for sites closer
to the monitor than the NWS station, these local data superseded
the NWS data.
     The data in Table 9 were input to the MLR program, and the
outputs were examined for significant variables.  For PM10 the
results were as follows:
                                32

-------
           I   C
          C. O


          U 4->  C
          OJ  to -r-
          i- 4->
          O- •!-
                                                                                                                           CO
                                                                                                                           v£>
                                             CSJ
                                                                                                                     O I— CM
           I    *

       ro  C  O> .C
       QJ -r-   .c
       QJ -i-  QJ  a.
       S s  a. E
ir>«3-cOLnLnLn 4J
       O) -i-   •  (J

      s: s  s-  QJ
             •r- tO
                          ooccvo^oiccoco to toro
                                                                                                                        CM
                                                       OO     CMCMrOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCVjCMCMCM
          to
          to
          M-
          O
o-

&.
Q
LU
ce.
en
CQ
                  O
                  f


                D-
                                                                                 UD
                                                                                 ro
                                                                              i^) oo
                                                                              ro ro
                                                                                                                           ro
                                                                                                                           LO
                Q.

                OO
                       ro CM r-i
                       ^~ LT> in
                                                                                              if* r*^  t~i
                                                                                              in m  Ln
        LT>
                                                                                           ^~ co ^o ro
       s-
       fO
       to
       Z!

       C
                                                                              OO CM
                                                                              oo cn
                                                                    CTl CM
                                                                    oo r--,
                                                                                                                           vo
                O.
                OO
                       UD CM
                                     IOOCMO-— oocT>cor~>coco<— locxjio
                                       csjcMr— io>— icvicsjoCMoocniooo-ii^
                                                                           ro r™t f—i en en en r*^ ro i£5
                 S-

                 fD
                 a>

                •r~
                OO
                       OOOOOOOOOCCOOOOOOOOOOOODOOOOCOCOCDCOOOCOCOCOCOCOaDCOIXlOOOOCOOOOO
                                                                                                                     oo oo en
                                                                                                                                 •a
                                                                                                                                 QJ
                                                                                                                                 Z5
                                                                                                                                 C
                                                                                                                                 O
                                                                                                                                 o
                                                           33

-------
           I  C
           Q. O
           o +->
          Q.  -r-
     I    •
-^  TJ -a
 1C  C  O> .C
 0)  —  OJ  Q.
Q-  2  Q. E
            I   «
       C -O T3
       
       0) -I-  .  o
       2  S S.  
           O.

           ro
           c


           o
                   O

                 E
                 c.
 OJ
 3
ca
       4-> -«^

        O)  CTV
        S-  O
        
           HI
           •(->

           l/l
                        c\j>—(
                           ro
                                                                                i  CG r-- o
                                                                                  Lnrovo
                                                                                     csj
                        03  CO        00 CO 00 CO 00 00 CO  00 00 CO 00 CO CO CO CO CO
                        oo
                                                                 34
4-1
 (B
o

 II


 fO

-------
 1
 2
 3
 4
     Variable
(in order of output)

Mean wind direction
Peak windspeed
Precipitation
Mean windspeed
                                            R2
Significance
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.044
0.054
0.056
0.058
0.160
0.510
0.805
0.727
Similarly, for TSP the results are:

               Variable
Step      (in order of output)

 1        Mean wind direction
 2        Mean windspeed
 3        Precipitation
 4        Peak windspeed
                                  R2    Significance

                          0.18  0.032      0.232
                          0.19  0.038      0.627
                          0.23  0.054      0.397
                          0.24  0.059      0.658
     As is evident from the results, this analysis did not pro-

duce any meaningful insights into the relationship between annual

air quality and meteorological parameters.  There is some differ-

ence in the results of the two analyses because not all of the

PM , data were calculated from TSP data.  None of the variables

evaluated (singly or in combination) explain a significant por-

tion of the variance in measured air quality at the sites.
DAILY METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES

     The previous analyses used annual average air quality data

with various independent variables in an attempt to describe the

variation in measurements between sites.  The results were not

meaningful.  In this section, daily air quality and meteoro-

logical variables were examined to see whether variations in

day-to-day meteorological conditions could be used to explain the

variation in measured concentrations.

     The 20 sites that were microinventoried were divided into

two subsets.  The first subset contained data for the eight IP

network sites.   The second subset consisted of the remaining 12

sites.  The air quality data used for the first subset consisted

of paired TSP and IP readings over the period May 1979 to
                                35

-------
December 1982.  For each day that paired data were available, a
number of meteorological parameters were extracted from NWS Local
Climatological Data Summaries of the nearest reporting station.
It should be noted that the large distance between a monitor site
and the nearest meteorological site may, in some instances,
result in meteorological data that are not representative of the
conditions at the monitor.  The data extracted" from the summaries
included:
     1.   Resultant wind direction
     2.   Resultant windspeed
     3.   Average windspeed
     4.   Peak windspeed
     5.   Precipitation
     6.   Number of days since rain exceeding 0.01 in.
     7.   Number of days since rain exceeding 0.10 in.
     8.   Number of days since rain exceeding 0.25 in.
For the last three data items, the maximum number of days since
rain was set at 7, as it was assumed that any effects of precipi-
tation would be negligible after 7 days.  One final variable
compiled for each site was whether the sample was collected on a
weekday or a weekend.  For each IP measurement, an equivalent
PM.. . measurement was calculated in the MLR program by. multiplying
the IP readings by 0.77 (Subsection 2.4).  A similar data compila-
tion was prepared for the other 12 sites; however, in this sum-
mary, only TSP data were used.
     The concept behind this division of data sets was twofold.
With the first subset, it would be possible to evaluate the
relationship between air quality measurements and meteorological
variables for both TSP and PM....  In addition, the ratio of
PMin/TSP could be evaluated with the same variables.  If a con-
  .1 U
sistent relationship could be established for the first subset of
TSP and PM.. . data, it might be possible to expand the relation-
ship to the sites where only TSP data were available.
                                36

-------
Multiple Regression Analyses
Individual Site Regressions for IP Sites--
     The data for each IP site were first input to the MLR pro-
gram.  For each site, a regression was performed and then the
results were examined.  The next step was to perform the eval-
uations for the entire data set.  The third step involved an
evaluation of the PM..-/TSP ratio for six subgroups.  These sub-
groups were based on three levels of either mean windspeed or
peak windspeed.
     The results of the regressions performed with data from the
IP network sites are shown in Table 10 as linear equations.  Both
TSP and PM... results are included in the table.  The data base
used included only days when both TSP and IP measurements were
available.  The IP concentrations were converted to PM.. n concen-
trations by multiplying them by the 0.77 factor discussed in
Subsection 2.4.
     For this analysis the following abbreviated variable de-
scriptors were used:
     1.   RESDIR - resultant wind direction, 10° sectors
     2.   RESWS - resultant windspeed, mi/h
     3.   AVGWS - average windspeed, mi/h
     4.   PEAKWS - peak windspeed, mi/h
     5.   PRECIP - precipitation amount, in.
     6.   DSR01 - number of days since rain, 0.01 or more in.
     7.   DSR10 - number of days since rain, 0.10 or more in.
     8.   DSR25 - number of days since rain, 0.25 or more in.
     9.   WDWE - weekday/weekend; weekday = 1, weekend = 0
These abbreviations are used in Table 10 and in the following
discussions.  The data in Table 10 do not include all of the
program results.  Only those variables that are significant at
the 0.05 level or better are included.  The remaining variables
will not significantly improve the correlations.  In addition,
the R values have been eliminated from these summaries; however,
they can easily be calculated given the R2 value.
                                37

-------
OO
oo
Q_


CX,
=l  C
oo  cn
00 J3
OO  to
LU -I-
cx  ^
C_5  fO
LU  >
CX
C3




























c
0
•r™
+•>
3
UJ










!






CM


riSZ

O)
IS!
CO

CO
^~
O
s_
fO
o.
OJ

• r—
OO
CO •
« un
CM r-1

i i

0. Q_
I-H »— 4
O O
LU LU
CX CX.
C. 0.
^—*»^^
un i^
co un
OO I-H

i i

^~»^— ^
00 00
3 3
C3 CJ3
^> ^»
^C ^C
*^^^«-*
O CO
• •
00 I-H

4- 4-

S"H
0 0
OO OO
LU UJ
ex. ex.
**_-**^-*
un CM
O O

4- -r
*-*^.
0 0
cx ex.
oo oo
0 0
Vj^ »— H
^r CM


un *3-
o o
r-H i-H
CO CO




o
O_ •— l
oo s:
1— 0-




i — t
















.
01
oo

4-

*~~.
OO
3
^" OO
• LU
o ex
C2 "*—'
^H O
•
•4- «H^

*-* +
3^
o: 3t
LU O
a. >
V,^ X ^£
^^ *•— '
• ro
PV! •
t >J •
<£
J
1
Or i
^^
Q^ C)
OO Ci^
.' — ' \J~)
•^— " O
• f-H
O-
•
^-H ^O

O CO
^r co
0 0
CO CO
r^*» r^**




0
O- I-H
OO 2
K- C-




oo

























CO
•
CO
i-H CO
I-H «
o
4- r-

• — - 4-
3 —
5> 3

"•— * ^»
CM CC
• «^— "
r-t ^
CTi
1
1
*-H -— »v
O.-- j
r™^
DC O
oo a:
C oo
-— 'Q
• in
2co'

CM LT>
<3- un
o o
CO CO
00 00




o
f^a ?™H
oo s:
(— a.




f*^.



•
•a-
un

4-
. 	 .
QS
t—t
O
OO
LU
ex
•— -
^
i-H

4-

^-•^
OO
3
OO
CO LU
• ex.
CO ^—
O 0
I-H •
CO
4-
t-
• — '__^
3 00

Q- «C
•^«^N_^
I-H CO
•
C*O 1— H
1
1
O-, ^
T— n
cx o
oo cx:
Q 0",

"co'
^H co'

CM OO
«3- •*
0 0
CO CO





O
Q. I-H
oo 2C
1— Q-




00
t-^














i-H CM
C? VO
r-- co

4- 4-

<~™*^^»
LU Q.
3 HH
a o
3 LU
*— * ex.
r~~ 0.
• ^*~*
co r^«.
CM O
CM
4-
1
oT —
O CM
LU as:
o; oo
a- o
^.^••^^
oo crt
S co'

i i
,-,.— .
O O
cx cx
oo oo
Q Q
03"^
CO OO

0 CO
OO •— I
o o
oo oo
co co




o
Q_ i-H
oo 2:
1— Q-




t^-
I-H

O

























o

CO
oo

4-
•—
3
oo
LU
r~ ex
• N~«'
^H un
CM
4-
1

cx o
oo cx
d oo
s— ' ' — ^

•
^-t un

0 CO
CM CM
0 0
r-H i-H
un un




O
Q_ f-H
oo 2:
I— a-




C-*.
f— t


























f**1*
• o
0 •
I-H m

4- 4-

DC CX
O C^
oo oo
LU LU

^-^<*— ^
CM O
t-H O

4- 4-
^-.^-x
0 0
CX CX
oo oo
o o
CM •*
cn *s-

co ^t~
CM CM
0 0
o o
CM CM
i-H i-H



O
Q- •— 1
00 £
1— a.




o^
r— H














OO
CO*
OO

4-

*•—..
OO
3
OO
LU
CX
O 	 '
• CM
I-H •
CO i-H

4- 1

a: a:
a a
00 OO
LU LU
ex. cx
*•««*>— ^
CM CC
r-H O

1 1
,— .,—
0 0
cz cx
oo oo
o o
0 0
CO OO

CD cn
OO ^t"
0 0
i-H i-H
^3" ^"




O
O. •— i
oo s:
t— Q-




o
CM

0*1
•
o^
<^«

4-
, 	 .
OO
3
00
LU
ex. cn
•kW •
CO CO
r-H
4-
4-
*— ^
^^ Q_
OO I-H
3 O
^ LU
CC CX
LU a.
C> *— '
^ ^ ip
CO •
• 1 — (
r-l CM

1 1

a: a;
Q Q
00 OO
LU LU
ex. ex.
HH^*^^* j
CO 00 |
o o ;

-r 4- ]
1
00 j
ex. ex.
v, oo
0 d ;
^«iO UiO i
«.^ ,
i
o> un
I-H i-H
O O
0 0
un un
un ij~>



o
a. •— i
oo S
h- Q-

'

a_
i—, 10
CD

r~ 'r^
«i oo
                                                         38

-------
     As shown in Table 10, only two of the equations have sig-
nificant variables that explain over 50 percent of the variance
in the data  (Site 1-TSP, Site 7-PM-.).  It is interesting to note
that all of the sites have DSR01 as a significant variable with a
positive coefficient.  This result suggests the fugitive nature
of the sources impacting the monitors.  Rainfall generally sup-
presses fugitive dust emissions on the day of precipitation, and
the emissions then increase for a few days until the material is
once again dry.  The TSP coefficients range from 4.6 to 16.1, and
the PM1Q coefficients range from 2.1 to 8.8.  Sites 1 and 14 also
exhibited a decrease in concentration on days of precipitation.
Site 1 (Carefree) is located near a dirt taxiway at a rural
airport.  Site 7 (Bayard) is located in an unpaved school bus
parking lot.  Both locations would have lower localized emissions
on the days with precipitation.  RESDIR was a significant vari-
able at four sites.  At three of the sites the coefficient is
positive, and at the fourth it is negative.  This suggests that
the highest concentrations at the first three sites are asso-
ciated with a particular wind direction and that the lowest
concentrations at the fourth site are associated with a par-
ticular direction.   If pollution roses were developed for these
sites, they might indicate the direction of the significant
emission points.
     A similar dichotomy exists for the several measurements of
windspeed.  In some cases the coefficients are positive, in
others they are negative.  A problem arises when attempting to
correlate windspeed to TSP because windspeed has a positive and
negative effect on TSP.  As windspeed increases, suspension of
particles increases, which tends to increase concentrations.
Greater dispersion of particulate matter also occurs with in-
creasing windspeed, which decreases concentrations.  Under high
wind conditions the increased suspension of particles is often
overshadowed by the effects of dispersion, but when 24-hour mean
windspeed is addressed, the two consequences of windspeed cannot
be separated.

                                39

-------
     The relationship between concentrations and the various
meteorological variables is not straightforward.  It is inter-
esting to note that from 18 to 56 percent of the variance in the
air quality data can be explained by just the meteorological
variables at any one site.  The relationships shown in Table 10
do not include the other interrelationships that exist near a
monitor:  source-receptor geometry, and meteorological variables
versus source and receptor locations.
     One final analysis was performed with these data.  The daily
PM..Q/TSP ratio was calculated for each data point and regressed
against the meteorological variables, both as a whole and with
specific attention to three ranges of peak windspeed and average
windspeed.  No significant variables were identified during the
regression analysis.
Non-IP Sites—
     For the 12 sites that were not a part of the IP Network,
only TSP air quality data were available.  For these sites, the
MLR program was exercised with the daily TSP values and their
associated meteorological parameters.  No PM1, conversions were
performed because no reasonable method of converting over 1200
daily TSP values to equivalent PM.n values could be devised other
than by multiplying each by an identical constant.
     The results of these analyses are shown in Table 11.  These
results explain less than 40 percent of the variance in the
measured data at each site.  Similar to the results for the IP
sites, DSR01 is a significant variable at 11 of the 12 sites.  At
site 8  (Brawley) the lack of significant relationships may be a
function of the limited data base for that site.  At site 6
(Yuma) the coefficient  (-298) for PRECIP suggests the extreme
reduction in fugitive dust emissions realized by rainfall in this
arid location.  Five of the sites  (5, 6, 9, 15, 18) show a posi-
tive coefficient for PEAKWS, which suggests a possible impact of
duststonns or wind-erosion emissions under high wind conditions;
however, the simple correlations between peak windspeed and
                                40

-------













co
LU
t-
I-H
CO

NX
BL
O
3
h—
LU " — x
Z LO
0
O. t
i— *
1 O

o

c
ex ro
o o
LU •!-
<4_
CO -i-
1— C
_J CD
LTD •<—
CO oo
LU
Q. CO
	 CU

C^ *">
i— i ro
CO -i-
CO i-
CX >
LU i —
CX i —
ro
-'
LU
— 1
CO
h-
























c~
O
•1 —
ro
3
CT
LU

























CJ
CX


•z.

CU
+•>
CO






CO
«3-'

1
, 	 ..
0.
t— I
f ^
LU
o:
OO n.
• x^^
r-~. ro cc
• ro o-i
•3- CNJ
CT. +
1
CO •— - 00
-— • 3 CO CD
CO ^ 3 r-

co LU et ro
LU D- LU T-
CO C£ -— ' Q. fc.
^^ o ^— - ro
o-i «a- o >
CT^ • CNJ
ro LO +J
~f- ~r C
i 4- ro
x— x ^-^ O
T— t ^~^ i—* *• — x «r—
O •— i O i— i M-
cr: c cr o •>-
co o^ co cr *z
c: co Q co cji
	 	 Q v_- O T-
CD — r>» » — 01
. O^ • «vf
0 • O '0
r— i f^ i — i VJD C




cri CNJ co ro
O CNJ CNJ ro
• ...
O C 0 0
LO ' — i LO CNJ ro
O O i— i t-« ro
t— t »— t t— t 1— t

CNJ «3- CO CD CO



















O

^>

1
, — s
co
3

^^
LU
D- CTl O
x^ CNJ
CNJ • cTi ro
. CTi '—< UO
1 — 1
H" + "t*
-{-
X— X X^ -V x*-x
. 	 	 LO r— 1 •— 1
i— 1 CNJ O O
o o; cx o:
CL. CO CO CO
CO Q Q Q
r~) *~-*- -^^ ^^>
~~^ «a- co CNJ
CNJ ...
LO CTi 1-1
ro i— < •— i i— i




VC O O CO
ro I-H ro ro
....
O O O O
ro •— i -a- co
CO CD O "3"
1 — 1 t— I

CTt O •"-* CNJ






LO
•
l-H

1
^^
CO
3

^£
LU
Q-
x^^
ro
.
ro

+
. —
LU
3
Q
3

CNJ

r-H
^*

^~

*^-N.
i-H
O
ex
CO
Q
•«*— -
OO
•
*s3"
1— 1




r^
CO
•
0

1 — 1
1— H

LO







CNJ
LO
00

+
X— *x
LU
3
0
3

r-H
•
o
ro

+
,_^
ex
*-H
o
CO
LU
01
- ^
CNJ
•
CNJ

1

X— s
1 — I
O
o:
CO
Q
**^*
CO
.
00




CTv
CNJ
.
0
LO
1 — (
.— !

CO





CT.
LO
ro
1—1
•4-

co
^^
sx
<:
LU
d.
x^.^
O

ro

-f.

ex
l-H
O
CO
LU
CX
SM^
O
.
^J-

1

*^*
r-H
O
CX
CO
(^-1
v_x
CNJ
•
o
1 — 1




,_,
CNJ
.
0
ro
i — i
i — i

CO

o
00
LO
LU
*^£
o

CNJ
co'

+
. 	 .
CX
t-H
t~*t
CO
UJ
ry
"**^
LO
.
O

1
^.
CO
3

•^
UJ
D-
*^_^-
CO
•
o

+

*— *
r-H
O
CX
co
a
«w~
o

CT.




CNJ
r— !
.
O

o
CNJ
1 — 1

•—
•^
41

-------
concentration are rather low.  As discussed earlier, windspeed
may have both a positive and negative effect on measured concen-
trations.  Further, the results support this concept because no
definitive relationship was established.
     Further analyses of this particular observation were per-
formed by grouping the entire data base (20 sites) into three
subgroups of average windspeed and three subgroups of peak wind-
speed.  None of the regression analyses explained over 7 percent
of the variance in the data.
     None of the regression analyses in this section revealed any
definitive relationships between measured concentrations and
daily meteorological variables.  Previous studies performed by
PEI for TSP nonattainment sites impacted by fugitive dust sources
have shown equally variable results  (PEDCo 1978, 1983).  By their
nature, the ubiquitous fugitive dust sources are intermittent
sources of particulate and are not easily explained by regression
analyses.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DUSTSTORMS AND MONITORED TSP CONCENTRATIONS
     Those familiar with the southwest know that the periodic
duststorms that occur in this region can reduce visibility to
almost zero.  During these storms, which last from minutes to
hours, particulate concentrations are extremely high as a result
of natural as opposed to man-made phenomena.
Duststorm Events
     As a means of examining the frequency of duststorms near the
eight IP microinventoried monitors, data from the nearest NWS
station (sometimes as much as 100 miles away) were examined for
the parameter, "Weather Condition—Duststorm."  This parameter is
defined as a condition of less than 5/8 mile visibility for any
duration of time.  This level of dust in the air would be indi-
cative of concentrations in the several hundreds of yg/m3.  A
                                42

-------
total of 40 windstorm events were recorded at the NWS stations
closest to the eight IP monitors over the approximately 3-year
period.  This factor in itself suggests that the definition used
by the NWS to qualify for a windstorm event is quite restrictive.
Of the 40 windstorm events, only 5 days corresponded with days
having measured air quality at four sites.  This limited data
set, which is shown in Table 9, is inconclusive because of the
small number of cases and the discrepancy of results.  In two
cases, the monitored value on the duststorm day was less than the
annual mean.  On 3 days, the reverse was true.
     The NWS data were only of limited utility for this exercise.
Because of the criteria used by the NWS to define a duststorm
event, few days with duststorms are reported.  No indication is
given in the NWS summaries as to the duration and location of the
event.  For the four monitoring sites shown in Table 12, it is
impossible to determine whether the event was also occurring at
the monitor site.  In the case of the Bayard site, it is unlikely
that conditions observed at the NWS site were also prevalent at
the monitor 132 miles away.  For the other sites, the distance of
3 to 16 miles separating the monitors and the NWS locations could
also be a significant factor.  Further, NWS data cannot be used
to define more localized phenomena such as the
familiar "dust-devils."
High-Volume Sampler Cut-Point
     As noted in Subsection 3.4, the collection efficiency of a
hi-vol changes from a D_n of 30 micrometers to a D^ of a smaller
particle size under high wind conditions.  The change in particle
size collection efficiency with windspeed has not been fully
characterized; however, this change would have the effect of
measuring a lower concentration than was actually present in the
ambient air.  Although the magnitude of the duststorm phenomenon,
and the partially off-setting change in particle size collection
are not known, it is believed that the dust storm phenomenon
would predominate.
                                43

-------




















oO
SI

O
p™""
00
z
i— 00
o
Z 1—1
LU 1—
LU t— i
3 0
H- Z
LU O
OS <_>
1
a. c. 1
•— 00 |
2= \— '
OO
C LU |
5 »EB
LU Z
Q£ 0
"£~
• C2
CM Z
r- 
fO PI
s- i- E

O C 01
-c 0) a
1 0
•3- C
CM O
U



14—
o a. cr.
00 C
>ih- -i-
•«-> !_
— 0 0
E •*— ' -t-1
| •!— -1—
\ x co c:
iO *^S^ Q
s- E: -
i a.


i
E
O O on
4-* +-*
CU oo C
4-» +-> ai
fl3 t/i >
Q 3
"O










a>
E
re
=
0)

-^
O")


j







VO LO
o o^
r— 1









f CO
VO «-i
CM









3
OO
l/l
ai

• r—
g

ro





CO CM
CO CO
1 1
VO CM
r— CM
1 1
co r-


3
X
•r—
C
ai
o
a.
.
00

+-"
a.
>
a;

o
o
a:

OO






CM
OO
t— I









ifi
O
1—4







LU
to

l^
a-
r—
• r—
E

*— »
CM
r— t






CM
CO
1
^~
1
r^*











2:
Z
„
T3
S_
H3
^
(O
cc

'S-'






en ai
CTl CO










r-H CO
00 O
•—I CM








3 1
uu z I
Z ui
i/> OJ
Q; r-
r— *f-
•r- £ '
£
^O
t«O *~^



i


CM CM
co co
i i
^" ^3~
i i
r^* r**-


X
i —

o
1/1
ns
a.
, 	
LU
_J
00
X
^n *~
cu

CL C
E ••-
fO »~"


r-«! ai
43 ^
44

-------
Theoretical Approach
     Duststorms can be a single hour to multiple hours to days in
duration.  Assuming that an average hourly concentration prior to
a windstorm was 60 yg/m3 and that the concentration during a
windstorm hour was 500 yg/m3, a windstorm of one hour's duration
would increase the 24-hour value from 60 yg/m3 to 78 yg/m3.  If
the storm were 2 hours in duration, the value would be 97 yg/m3;
3 hours in duration, 115 yg/m3; etc.  If the TSP 24-hour standard
value of 260 yg/m3 is considered, the above assumptions would
show that a duststorm of 11 hours' duration would produce a 24-
hour concentration in excess of 260 yg/m3.
     This theoretical approach would tend to indicate that dust-
storms would need to be quite lengthy to cause a violation of the
24-hour standard.
                                45

-------
                            SECTION 5

                 POTENTIAL REGULATORY APPROACHES


     Three potential regulatory approaches to remedy a nonattain-

ment situation should be considered.  Whereas each would have

some impact if adopted in isolation, maximum potential benefit

would be achieved with all three programs in place.


SITING CRITERIA

     Existing TSP monitor siting criteria (Federal Regulations

121:2234) state the following:

     2.3  Spacing from roads

          "...Except, for situations where the monitoring objec-
          tive is to determine the impact of a single source,
          ambient monitors should not be located sc as to measure
          the plume of a single source ... For TSP, it is appro-
          priate that ambient monitors be located beyond the
          concentrated particulate plume generated from traffic,
          and not so close that the roadway totally dominates the
          measured ambient concentration...

     2.4  Other Considerations

          "Stations should not be located in an unpaved area
          unless there is vegetative ground cover year round so
          that the impact of reentrained or fugitive dusts will
          be kept to a minimum."

As shown in previously cited Table 7, 11 of the 2C microinventory

sites (2 IP sites, 9 non-IP sites) had siting issues because they

were located very near either unpaved roads  (a possible violation

of Section 2.3 of the siting criteria) or exposed areas with

little or no vegetative cover  (a possible violation of Section

2.4 of the siting criteria).  Several of the drive-by sites were
                                46

-------
also very close to unpaved roads and exposed areas.  Siting of
these monitors in other locations would significantly improve
measured air quality.
     Even in areas where fugitive dust sources are pervasive, the
issue of the proximity of a monitor to a specific source is
subject to interpretation.  In this report, a number of monitor
locations were identified where it is believed that the monitor
could have been sited differently to provide results more repre-
sentative of a given area.
     This concept of source proximity is still a subject of
debate.  The proposed revisions to the NAAQS for PM Q will in-
clude further guidance for monitor siting in the vicinity of
specific sources.  At this time, it is premature to speculate on
the exact form of the final recommendations; however, as evi-
denced by the discussion in this report, monitor siting is one of
the critical aspects that need to be addressed for PM,- monitor-
ing .

MODIFICATION OF MEASURED VALUES
     The periodic duststorms that occur in the Southwest can
reduce visibility to almost zero.  During these storms, which
range in duration from minutes to hours, particulate concentra-
tions are extremely high as a result of natural as opposed to
man-made phenomena.  Because local agencies cannot be expected to
control duststorms, the concept of removing monitored values
influenced by duststorms was explored.
     Representatives of Texas, New Mexico, California, and Ari-
zona air agencies were contacted (Butts 1984, Shankar 1984, Cook
1984, Guyton 1984).  None of the States currently remove any data
from their data base (although some local agencies may), even if
they know it was influenced by a duststorm.  Only Texas has a
system whereby they flag "duststorm" influenced data.  Although
most were favorable to the idea, the Arizona representative noted
                                47

-------
that many monitors are in remote locations and no hard data on
windstorm occurrences are available.
     Unfortunately, the data on windstorms and measured concen-
trations presented in Section 4.0 were inconclusive because of
the small data base.  In addition, the distance between the NWS
station and the monitor may confound the results.  Further, the
phenomenon may be confounded by the changing collection effi-
ciency of a hi-vol in high winds.  In spite of these facts, it is
still believed that windstorms are responsible for some periods
of high measured values and might strongly influence attainment
of 24-hour standards.

REGULATION OF FUGITIVE DUST SOURCES
     The influence cf fugitive dust sources near monitors has
been noted throughout the report.  Also, as noted in Section 2,
the microinventory results indicated the presence of a large
number of exposed areas, unpaved roads, unpaved alleys, and
unpaved parking lots.  Fugitive dust sources are directly regu-
lated by local and state governments as opposed to indirect
regulation by the Federal government through SIP action.  Many of
the locations visited had vast areas of cleared exposed areas  (as
opposed to sparse natural vegetation) that have never been
treated with a dust suppressant or revegetated, and also miles
and acres of unpaved roads, alleys, and parking lots that had
never been treated.  Even though fugitive dust control is indeed
more difficult in the semi-arid and arid Southwest, application
of some dust-control methods is clearly possible.
     Many locations have instituted all or some of the following
controls  (EPA 1978; EPA 1979b; EPA 1979c; EPA 1979d; EPA 1979e;
Ohio EPA 1980):
      (1)  Paving of unpaved roads or stabilization with a chem-
          ical dust suppressant.
      (2)  Paving of unpaved parking lots or stabilization with a
          chemical dust suppressant.
                                48

-------
     (3)  Revegetation or chemical stabilization of exposed
          areas.
     (4)  Removal of spills from streets.
     (5)  Control of trackout from construction sites.
     (6)  Covering of truck loads.
     (7)  Promoting agricultural practices that minimize dust
          generation.
     Particularly at the Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico sites,
the existence of such dust control measures was not evident.  Not
all of the control measures outlined above may be appropriate in
all areas; however, fugitive-dust-control plans should include
consideration of these possibilities.

FURTHER REGULATION OF POINT SOURCES
     The sites impacted by major point sources were Hayden,
Fontana, Oildale, Hurley, and Magna.  Point source emissions of
TSP at individual facilities ranged from 846 to 2940 tons per
year.  Control systems at individual plants were not reviewed as
part of this study; however, visible observations made during the
microinventories suggest that the potential exists for improve-
ment of air quality from additional point source controls at 5 of
20 sites studied.
                                49

-------
                            SECTION 6
                     SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

     The purpose of this project was to answer the following
questions:
     (1)  What are the sources that are expected to contribute to
          high PM,Q concentrations in the southwest?
     (2)  To what extent does meteorology play a role in high
          Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)  concentration  (e.g.,
          high windspeed and lack of rainfall).
     (3)  What are potential remedies to a nonattainment situa-
          tion at these sites?
Subsections 6.1 through 6.3 summarize the findings of previous
report sections in meeting the three study objectives.

SOURCES THAT ARE EXPECTED TO CONTRIBUTE TO HIGH PM . CONCENTRA-
TIONS IN THE SOUTHWEST
     A total of 20 monitoring sites were microinventoried  (Ap-
pendix C).  When the Empirical Model described in Appendix E was
used with data from 15 of these sites, less than 35 percent of
the variance in the TSP and PM,Q concentration data was explained
by the model.  In contrast, the model as originally developed
explained 77 percent of the variance in the measured data.  The
model was developed with microinventory and air quality data from
primarily urban monitoring sites in Kansas City, St. Louis,
Birmingham, and Portland.  The fact that the model explained such
a small amount of the variance for the Southwest sites investi-
gated in this study indicates that TSP air quality in the South-
west is influenced by different factors than elsewhere. .
                                50

-------
     Using the same procedures as were used to develop the orig-
inal Empirical Model and the Southwest microinventory/air quality
data base, new regression equations were developed for TSP and
PM1n in the Southwest.  A comparison of the results (Table 13)
with those from the original model development showed that the
LOCAL and VISDT terms for the new equations had much higher
coefficients.  These two variables combined explained 42 percent
of the variance in the TSP data and 40 percent of the variance in
the PM,Q data for the 15 sites evaluated (Subsection 3.2.3).  At
the 20 sites microinventoried, 14 monitors were within 200 feet
of a roadway (the LOCAL term), and 7 of these roadways had vis-
ible plumes from passing traffic  (the VISDT term).  The AREA term
in the new equations explained 10 and 8 percent of the variance
in the TSP and PM.. data, and the POINT term explained 3 and 2
percent of the variance.
     In contrast, in the original equation, the AREA term ex-
plained 38 percent of the variance; POINT,  20 percent; LOCAL, 4
percent; and VISDT, 5 percent.  Overall, the original model
explained 77 percent of the variance in the data; whereas the new
forms explained 55 and 50 percent of the variance for TSP and
PM10'
     These results from the two analyses (original model and the
forms of the model developed for the Southwest) indicate the
greater importance of nearby streets (paved or unpaved) on mea-
sured air quality in the Southwest compared with the areas for
which the model was originally developed.  (LOCAL and VISDT
entered the MLR equations before the AREA and POINT terms.)
     Beyond the 200-foot boundary for the LOCAL term, specific
source categories impacting the study monitors were identified
from the microinventory data.  At the 20 monitoring sites eval-
uated, 50 percent of the total calculated TSP emissions were
attributed to fugitive dust sources.  These emissions were from
sources within 1 mile of the monitor compared with the point
source emissions, which were compiled out to 5 miles.  Of the
                                51

-------
             TABLE 13.  COMPARISON OF COEFFICIENTS FROM ORIGINAL
                   EMPIRICAL MODEL AND SW EMPIRICAL MODEL
Term
AREA
POINT
LOCAL
VISDT
Percent explained by
Original Model3
38
20
4
5
SW TSP Model b
10
3
19
23
Developed from data derived from Kansas City, St.  Louis,  Birmingham,  and
Portland
Developed from data derived from cities in California,  Arizona, New Mexico,
and Texas
                                    52

-------
fugitive dust sources, 20 percent of the emissions were from
clean streets, 15 percent were from unpaved roads/alleys, 28
percent were from cleared areas, 8 percent were from construc-
tion, and 22 percent were from agriculture.
     The point source inventories included many types of pro-
cesses.  The monitoring sites that were impacted by point sources
with large emission estimates included Magna, Hayden, and Hur-
ley—smelters; Fontana—steel mill; Oildale—crude oil burning to
generate steam for injection wells.
     A comparison was also made between IP sites and non-IP sites
to determine if both groups of sites were influenced by the same
types of sources.  If the same source types were present, the
sites should have similar PM.-/TSP ratios.  Given similar ratios
at the two groups of sites, the use of the Probability Guidelines
at non-IP network sites would be reinforced.
     As shown in Table 13, it was found that point source emis-
sions represented 45 percent of the total TSP emissions at IP
sites compared with 51 percent at the non-IP sites.  Within the
fugitive dust categories, predominate sources between IP and
non-IP sites differed considerably (Table 14).  For IP sites,
cleared paved streets accounted for 22.1 percent of total emis-
sions; whereas for non-IP sites, the value was 5.2 percent.  For
IP sites, cleared areas accounted for 1.7 percent of emissions;
or non-IP sites, the corresponding value was 19.6 percent.  Other
lesser differences are evident.  In spite of the source differ-
ences between the two groups of sites, the calculated PM-../TSP
emission ratios for the sources in the inventories were almost
identical (0.63 vs. 0.64).  This phenomenon, however, is par-
tially due to the relatively homogenous PM,n/TSP ratios assumed
for the different fugitive dust source types (0.50 to 0.59).  For
a five-site subset of the IP network group, a troubling aspect of
the results was the difference between the PMin/TSP emission
ratio (0.60) and the ratio of ambient concentrations for PM,n and
TSP (0.46).   This difference can be partially explained by the
variation in particle size collection efficiency of the hi-vol

                                53

-------
TABLE 14.   COMPARISON OF SOURCE CATEGORIES
        FROM IP AND NON-IP SITES

Category
Point
Fugitive Dust
Railroads
Clean Paved Streets
Unpaved Roads/Alleys
Cleared Areas
Construction
Agricul ture
Storage Areas
Unpaved Parking Lots
Percent of total emissions
IP sites
44.8

3.0
22.1
4.0
1.7
9.4
14.6
0.2
0.2
Non-IP sites
51.1

3.6
5.2
9.2
19.2
1.5
9.6
0.0
0.2
                   54

-------
with windspeed  (see Subsection 3.4.3).  This does not totally
explain the observed difference, however.

THE EXTENT TO WHICH METEOROLOGY PLAYS A ROLE IN HIGH TSP
CONCENTRATIONS
     Annual meteorological variables were regressed against
annual air quality data.  The results were not statistically
significant.
     Subsequently, daily meteorological variables were regressed
against daily air quality.  The 20 sites that were microinven-
toried were divided into subsets—IP sites and non-IP sites.  The
meteorological variables used were wind direction; resultant,
average, and peak windspeed; days with precipitation; and three
indicators of days since precipitation.
     Meteorological variables explained 18 to 56 percent of the
variance at individual IP sites.  The most significant variable
in each site equation was days since rain (DSR01).  Daily mea-
surements of particulate matter exhibited a positive correlation
with the variable.
     A dichotomy exists for the several measurements of wind-
speed.  In some cases, a direct relationship was found between
daily air quality measurements and windspeed; in other cases, an
inverse relationship was found.  The difficulty in attempting to
correlate windspeed to measurements of TSP relates to the dual
role played by windspeed.  As windspeed increases, suspension of
particles, from unpaved surfaces increases, which tends to in-
crease measured concentrations; however, increasing windspeed
also tends to dilute the emissions from a point source or fugi-
tive dust source as a result of the greater volume of air passing
the source, which tends to decrease ambient concentrations.
Under high wind conditions the increased suspension of particles
is often overshadowed by the effects of dispersion.  When average
windspeeds and average concentrations are evaluated, the two
aspects of windspeed cannot be separated.  This situation is
further compounded in the case of 24-hour hi-vol measurements.

                                55

-------
Because the D - of a hi-vol changes as a function of windspeed,
the TSP measurements reflect different composite size distribu-
tions depending on the windspeed.  Consequently, it is difficult
to make a direct comparison of concentration measurements taken
during different windspeed conditions.
     It would be desirable to perform a regression analysis to
determine the combined effect of particulate emissions and daily
meteorological variables on 24-hour TSP measurements.  This
analysis was not feasible, however, because the emission inven-
tories reflect annual conditions and cannot be reliably converted
to a 24-hour basis.
     An analysis was performed to determine if windstorms re-
sulted in increase measured concentrations.  Although the results
were inconclusive, it is believed that such a relationship does
exist.
     In summary, a definitive link between meteorological vari-
ables and measured concentrations was not found.  The study was
hampered by the fact that meteorological and air quality measure-
ments were not made ar the same location; however, this situation
seldom occurs except in special detailed monitoring studies.
Additional analysis of data collected with collocated meteorolog-
ical and air quality measurement devices from such a special
study might yield more significant results.

POTENTIAL REMEDIES TO A NONATTAINMENT SITUATION AT THESE SITES
     Four potential remedies were sited in Section 5.  Each would
individually reduce monitored particulate levels.  The applica-
tion of all four measures would be additive.  Suggested control
remedies are:
     1.   Evaluation of adherence to monitor siting criteria—
          Monitor siting regulations require that monitors not be
          placed so as to be overly influenced by a single source,
          and not be placed in exposed or unpaved parking/driving
          areas.  Eleven of 20 monitors may be in violation of
          siting criteria.  Nine of the 11 monitors were non-IP
          sites.
                                56

-------
2.    Development of procedures to flag monitored values
     influenced by windstorms—Although the limited data
     collected as part of this study do not conclusively
     show the impact of duststorms on measured values,
     intuitively, duststorms are believed to have an effect.

3.    Control of fugitive dust sources—At all microinventory
     sites except those east of Los Angeles and Bakersfield,
     many common dust-control techniques were not being
     practiced.  Such common measures include use of chem-
     ical dust suppressants or paving highly traveled un-
     paved roads and parking lots, stabilization or revege-
     tation of cleared areas (as opposed to sparse vegeta-
     tion) , cleanup of spills, and trackout control near
     construction sites.  Whereas it is acknowledged that
     fugitive dust may be more difficult to control in  the
     Southwest, at some locations, little effort in this
     area was observed.

4.    Control of point sources—Five of 20 sites were in-
     fluenced by major point sources with emissions ranging
     from 850 to 3000 tons per year of TSP.  Control systems
     on individual plants were not reviewed; however, the
     general level of visible emissions suggests the poten-
     tial for increased control.
                           57

-------
                           REFERENCES
Butts, L.  1984.  Telephone conversation with S. Lueck, July 26,
1984.

Cook, J.  1984.  Telephone conversation with S. Lueck, July 31,
1984.

Draper, N. R.,  and H. Smith.  1965.  Applied Regression Analysis.
John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York.

Guyton, J.  1984.  Telephone conversation with S. Lueck, July 31,
1984.

Nie, N. H., et al.  1975.  Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences, Second Edition.  McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency.  1980.  Reasonably Avail-
able Control Measures for Fugitive Dust Sources.  Office of Air
Pollution Control, Columbus, Ohio.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1978.  Particulate Analyses in Iowa
Nonattainment Areas.  Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and Region VII,
Kansas City, Missouri.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1979a.  TSP Source Inventory Around
Monitoring Sites in Selected Urban Areas, Kansas City.  Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1979b.  TSP Source Inventory Around
Monitoring Sites in Selected Urban Areas, Portland.  Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1979c.  TSP Source Inventory Around
Monitoring Sites in Selected Urban Areas, St. Louis.  Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1979d.  TSP Source Inventory Around
Monitoring Sites in Selected Urban Areas, Birmingham.  Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.
                                58

-------
                       REFERENCES (cont.)

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1979e.  TSP Source Inventory Around
Monitoring Sites in Selected Urban Areas, Philadelphia.  Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1979f.  Validation of Empirical Tech-
nique for Estimating TSP Annual Concentrations.  Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1983.  Filter Analysis and Particulate
Identification.  Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Region VII, Kansas City, Missouri.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1984a.  Generic Particle Size Distri-
butions for Use in Preparing Particle-Size-Specific Emission
Inventories.  Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

PEDCo Environmental, Inc.  1984b.  Estimating PM-,0 and FP Back-
ground Concentrations from TSP and Other Measurements.  Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina.

Rhodes, C.  1984.  Personal communication with T. Pace, EPA
Project Officer, September 17, 1984.

Shankar, A.  1984.  Telephone conversation with S. Lueck, July
26, 1984.

Snedecor, G. W.  1946.  Statistical Methods.  Fourth Edition.
The Iowa State College Press, Ames,  Iowa.  Chapter 13, Multiple
Regression and Convariance.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1978.  Potential TSP
Control Measures for Grand Junction.  Prepared by PEDCo Environ-
mental, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri, for Region VIII, Denver,
Colorado, and Colorado Department of Health, Denver, Colorado.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1979a.  An Empirical
Approach for Relating Particulate Microinventory Emissions Data,
Monitor Siting Characteristics and Annual TSP Concentrations.
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.  EPA-450/4-79-012.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1979b.  Assessment of Six
Particulate Control Measures in Omaha and Council Bluffs.  Pre-
pared by PEDCo Environmental, Inc.,  Kansas City, Missouri, for
Region VII, Kansas City, Missouri; Iowa Department of Environ-
mental Quality, Des Moines, Iowa; and Nebraska Department of
Environmental Control, Lincoln, Nebraska.
                                59

-------
                       REFERENCES (cont.)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1979c.   Demonstration of
Nonpoint Pollution Abatement Through Improved Street Cleaning
Practices.  Prepared by Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Fran-
cisco, California, for Municipal Environmental Research Labora-
tory, Cincinnati, Ohio.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1979d.   Particulate Con-
trol Measures for Colorado Springs,  Colorado.   Prepared by PEDCo
Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri, for Region VIII,
Denver, Colorado.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1979e.   Support Document
for Kansas and Missouri TSP SIP Revisions for the Kansas City
Nonattainment Area.  Prepared by PEDCo Environmental, Inc.,
Kansas City, Missouri, for Region VII Kansas City, Missouri;
Missouri Department of Natural Resources,  Jefferson City, Mis-
souri; Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka,
Kansas.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1984.  Procedures for
Estimating Probability of Nonattainment of a PK.. Q NAAQS Using
Total Suspended Particulate or Inhalable Particulate Data.
Draft.  Thompson G. Pace, Neil H. Frank, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.
                                60

-------
                           APPENDIX A
                    MICROINVENTORY PROCEDURES

     The microinventory technique described herein was developed
over the past five years as part of the particulate analyses in
several regional areas.  The procedures followed are not
necessarily technically superior to alternative methods that
might be used.  They have evolved as a result of this past
experience, however, and are recommended for succeeding
inventories, primarily to maintain consistency in data collection
and to minimize the time required in the field.
     The survey procedure employed was to ground-survey, via
automobile, the sampler stations and all probable sources of
particulate emissions within a 1-mile radius of each sampling
site.  This method enabled the survey team to make the best
observation of overall site exposure and to identify the sources
with primary impact on the samplers.  The 1-mile radius around
each sampler was specified because that is approximately the
range to which theoretical treatments (dispersion modeling) show
that low-level sources will have a significant impact.
     Sources of fugitive dust and conventional point and area
sources were located on maps during the ground survey and labeled
with pertinent data such as size and boundaries, observed
activity and operational characteristics, and estimated emission
rates.  Two observers independently estimated and agreed upon
parameters observed at each site to increase accuracy and
completeness.
PREPARATORY WORK
     Point source and air quality data were obtained from the
state air pollution control agency and U.S. EPA.  Traffic volume

                               A-l

-------
maps were obtained from the State and local traffic departments.
Two other types of maps were also utilized during the microinven-
tories.  USGS 7-1/2 minute quadrangle maps were used to locate
sampler sites and point sources by UTM coordinates.  They were
also a convenient size and scale  (1 in. = 2000 ft) for covering
the impact area—1-mile radius for area sources and a 5-mile
radius for point sources.  A city street map was used for plan-
ning the survey route, navigating the survey route, and locating
sources in the field.

FIELD WORK
     The actual inventory procedure followed was to begin at the
sampler site and survey the 1/4-mile radius area first.  Photo-
graphs were taken of the sampler  location.  Monitor height and
placement were recorded on an auxiliary data sheet.  Any physical
interference that could bias the  air quality readings was also
noted.  The site code  (if available), street address, and dis-
tances of the nearest intersecting streets or localized sources
were determined and recorded.
     The field team then observed each street within the 1/4-mile
radius and noted the location of  all pertinent sources on the
map.  Closer inspections of the sources were made as necessary.
All important parameters were independently estimated and then
agreed upon by the two observers.  For area sources, the type,
dimensions, and activity rate were recorded.  For point sources,
the company name and source types were noted.  This information
was usually recorded on an auxiliary data sheet.
     The general condition of paved streets within the area was
described on the 1/4-mile sketch  by indicating whether streets
were curbed or uncurbed.  Surface conditions and dirt loadings
were described as clean or dirty.
     The above steps were repeated with little modification for
the rest of the 1-mile radius survey area.  In many cases, it was
possible to inventory this area by driving across alternate
streets, in a Crosshatch pattern, covering each zone completely.

                               A-2

-------
In this way, all intersections and sources were observed from a
maximum one-block distance.  All sources noted were directly
examined.  Locations of point and area sources were noted on the
USGS map; descriptions of the sources were recorded on the
data sheets.
Station Type
     The purpose of this category is to describe the area
surrounding the sampler.  This is accomplished by use of the
following descriptors:
     1.   Type of area - urban, suburban, center-city, rural.
     2.   Land use - commercial, residential, etc.
     3.   Topography - elevated receptor or no special terrain.
Measuring Distances of Sources
     For purposes of determining the distance from a source to
the sampler, the following rules were observed:
     Within 200 ft of the          - determine distance to with-
     monitor                         in 5 percent during visit
                                     to the site
     From 200 ft to 1/4 mile       - scale off the aerial
                                     photo map
     From 1/4 to 1 mile            - scale off either the
                                     aerial photo map or
                                     the USGS map
     Distances to sources within 200 ft of the monitor were
recorded during the survey.  Distances beyond 200 ft were scaled
from a map and recorded on the data sheet at a later date,
after completion of the field work.
Defining Sources
     So that all inventories were done with the same degree of
detail, it was necessary to establish exactly what sources were
to be included.  If a stack emission appeared to involve an
industrial process not included in the point source listing, the
source was noted if the facility appeared to be operating at the
time of the survey.
                               A-3

-------
     Defining what constitutes a fugitive dust source was
somewhat more difficult;  however, sources of fugitive dust would

include at least the following activities:
     Excavating
     Grading
     Detonation of explosives
     Earth moving
     Construction
     Demolition
     Site preparation
     Sand blasting
     Mining
     Quarrying
     Processing of sand,  gravel,
       and rock
     Crushing
     Screening
     Drying
     Athletic fields
Handling and transporting of
  materials
Barren storage areas or
  storage piles
Vehicle movement (reentrain-
  ment)
Unpaved roads and alleys
Unpaved parking lots
Agricultural tilling
Wind erosion of exposed
  surfaces
Feedlots
Campgrounds
Fairgrounds
Playgrounds
     Unpaved driveways or unpaved road shoulders were not in-

cluded unless they were common to all the blocks in a particular
segment.  The presence of these sources often resulted in in-
creased street dirt loadings, however, and those streets were

noted to be dirty.

     A significant factor in determining which temporary sources
to consider is the time period for which the source is expected
to be active.  For example, a construction site should be in-

cluded as a fugitive dust source only if the air quality data are
for the period of time the site is active.
     A checklist for the procedures discussed above is presented
in Table A-l.  This list should facilitate both the planning and
the execution of the field surveys so that consistent data collec-
tion is achieved for succeeding microinventories.
                               A-4

-------
                TABLE A-l.   CHECKLIST OF STEPS IN MICROINVENTORY
Preparatory work

     1.   Identify sampling sites to be inventoried:   record SAROAD  code and
            street address
     2.   Obtain U.S.  Geological  Survey maps  of the area  (from either USGS or
            a local  engineering supply store)  or other suitable map
     3.   Obtain traffic data (from local  COG, or city or state transportation
            agency)
     4.   Obtain recent air quality data (local  or state  air pollution control
            agency)
     5.   Obtain gridded inventory of area source emissions  (local agency) if
            available
     6.   Obtain point source inventory including annual  particulate emissions
            and UTM  coordinates (local  agency)
     7.   Obtain aerial photographs (from  local  COG,  city engineering
            department, or federal  agency)
     8.   Prepare maps for field  survey

Field work

     1.   Determine  distances to  localized sources within 200 feet and sampler
            height
     2.   Note possible interferences or biases
     3.   Take photographs of site  and surrounding area
     4.   Describe land use and topography around sampler
     5.   Survey 1/4-mile area:  locate all  sources on 1/4-mile sketch,
            describe on data sheet
     6.   Note condition of streets
     7.   Survey remainder of one-mile radius  areas:   locate sources on  map,
            describe on same data sheet as above

Calculations

     1.   Allocate area source emissions (from agency inventory)  to  one-mile
            radius area and to subareas
     2.   Calculate  emissions for discrete fugitive dust  sources; assign to
            appropriate sectors
     3.   Calculate  vehicle-related emissions  by sector
     4.   Prepare table of point  sources in  order of increasing distance from
            site
     5.   Compare listing with point sources  identified in field; add to list
            any source missed
                                     A-5

-------
                           APPENDIX B
                 DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSION FACTORS

Reentrained Dust from Paved Streets
     The equation used to calculate emissions from paved road is
(EPA 1983) :
where  E = emission factor, Ib/VMT
       K = particle size multiplier, TSP = 0.86, PM. _ = 0.51
       I = industrial augmentation factor, 1=1
       m = number of traffic lanes, m = 4
       S = surface material silt content, S = 10%
       L = surface dust loading, L = 160 Ib/mile
       W = average vehicle weight, W = 3 tons
Using the above equation and the independent variable values
indicated, the calculated emission factors were 0.012 Ib/VMT for
TSP and 0.0073 for PM.. . .  The testing on which the above equation
was based did not differentiate between reentrained dust and the
exhaust tire-wear emission component.  Consequently, the
calculated emissions from paved streets are assumed to include
these components.
     The emission factors for this source category reflect
average dry day conditions.  During periods of rainfall or snow
cover, reentrainnent of dust should be negligible.  After the
rain or snow has ended, however, the emission may be temporarily
increased as a result of trackout of material from unpaved areas
adjacent to the streets or from the application of sand or salt
for snow control.  As this deposited material dries, it may
become entrained by passing vehicles.  Therefore, the 0.012
                               B-l

-------
Ib/VMT and 0.0073 Ib/VMT values represent reasonably good
averages.
UNPAVED ROADS AND PARKING LOTS
     Many different groups have investigated emissions from
unpaved roads.  All the studies show emission rates usually in
the range of 1 to 20 Ib/VMT, and show that the rate is highly
dependent on vehicle speed.  After reviewing these studies, EPA
selected the following emission factor for publication in AP-42.
This factor is appropriate for vehicle speeds between 13 and 40
mph (EPA 1983) .

       E - K  (5  o)
       E - K  (5..)

 where E = emission factor, Ib/VMT
       K = particle size multiplier, TSP = 0.80, PK1Q = 0.45
       s - silt  content of road surface material, s = 12%
       S - mean  vehicle speed, roads = 25 mi/h, parking lots =
            10 mi/h, industrial roads - 35 mi/h
       W = mean  vehicle weight, road and parking lots = 3 tons,
            industrial = 35 tons
       w = mean  number of wheels, residential = 4, industrial =
            6
       P = mean  number of days with at least O.C1 inch of preci-
            pitation per year
     The percent silt on gravel road surfaces is about 12 percent
based on data presented in the EPA publication, Development of
Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources (EPA 1974) .  No
aggregate material is applied to the road bed of graded and
drained road surfaces.  It is composed of compacted native soil.
The fine material originally on the surface is probably rapidly
removed by turbulence from passing vehicles or by wind and water
erosion forces.   The remaining stable surface is composed of
sand- and pebble-sized particles; dust is generated primarily by
the continuing mechanical breakdown of these particles as a
result of traffic.  It is assumed that the percent of silt-sized
particles on a seasoned dirt road surface is approximately the
same as that  for gravel, or 12 percent.  The mean number of days
                               B-2

-------
with 0.01 in. or more of rainfall for the sites surveyed ranged
from 16 to 89.
     Based on other information on the relationship between
                                  q
emissions and vehicle speed, the  :rr  term in the equation was
             s ^
modified to  -=-JT   for the unpaved parking lots.  Further, it was
assumed that 40 cars would be on each acre of parking  (GCA 1978)
and that the average distance traveled by a given vehicle would
be the length of the longest side of the lot  (h the distance into
the lot, ^ the distance exiting the lot).
     For unpaved industrial roads it was assumed that a
combination of controls would yield a 50% control efficiency.
The range of calculated values for the three  sources, then, were:
                                        Emission factor, Ib/VMT
          Source                          TSP             PM10
Unpaved industrial roads                14.2-18.0       8.0-10.1
Other unpaved roads                      3.0-3.8        1.7-2.1
Unpaved parking lots                     0.4-0.5        0.22-0.28
AGRICULTURE
     Total emissions from agriculture are calculated from the sum
of tilling and wind erosion emissions.  The emission factor for
tilling from AP-42 (EPA 1983) is as follows:
        E = K(538) (S)°*6                                (Eq. 3)
  where E = emission factor, Ib/ac
        K = particle size multiplier, TSP = 0.33, PM1Q = 0.21
        S = surface silt content of surface soil, s = 15 to 30
              percent
     Using this equation and the appropriate variable values,
calculated emissions range from 901 to 1366 Ib/acre for TSP and
574 to 870 for PM1Q.
     For wind erosion, an adaptation of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's wind erosion was used.  The modified equation
estimates annual suspended perticulate emissions due to wind
erosion from exposed soil surfaces  (EPA 1974)  :
                               B-3

-------
       E = a I K C L1 V                                (Eq. 4)

 where E = emission factor, tons/acre per year
       a = portion of total wind erosion losses that would be
            measured as suspended particulate, estimated to be
            0.025
       I = soil credibility, tons/acre per year
       K = surface roughness factor
       C = climatic factor
      L1 = unsheltered field width factor
      V = vegetative cover factor

In this equation, K, C, L', and V are all dimensionless.  All of

the variables in the equation except "C" and "a" are dependent on

the crop type grown on each field.  The crop types were

determined by visual observation during the microinventory.  The

"C" factors were calculated from the following equation:

      C = 0.345  (£|)2                                   (Eq. 5)


where C = climatic factor
      W = mean annual wind velocity in mi/h at 30 feet
     PE = Thcrnthwaite's precipitation evaporation index

     Calculated C values ranged from 0.05 to 4.55 for the  sites

inventoried.  The final calculated emission factor ranges  for the

five crop types identified are as follows:

     Crop                          Emission factor, tens/acre

     Corn                               0.005 to 2.01
     Cotton                             0.015 to 1.80
     Beets                              0.020 to 2.57
     Wheat                                    0
     Alfalfa                                  0

     A PMin/TSP ratio of 0.5 was used to calculate PM10 emissions

from the TSP emissions.  This ratio represents the median  Pr-i1Q/TSP

ratio for fugitive dust sources for which AP-42 includes particle

size multipliers.  Because of the approximate nature of this

factor, it was rounded to one significant digit.

RAILROAD YARDS

     Most of the emissions in train yards appear to be  from wind

erosion rather than  from train movement.  Therefore, the wind
                               B-4

-------
erosion equation described earlier was used as the basis for
deriving emission factors for railroad yards.  An average
erodibility  (I) of 86 tons/acre per year was assumed to be
applicable for the soil in the railroad yards  (EPA 1974).  The
area around railroad yards generally has a fairly smooth surface,
which is equivalent to a K value of 1.0.  The climatic factor for
the Iowa sites ranged from 0.07 to 0.18.  An average width of
1000 ft was assumed for railroad yards, since this is not a
critical variable in the equation.  The L1 value equivalent to L
= 1000 ft was determined from a nomograph in which soil type is
also a variable 0.84.  Because there is no vegetation in rail
yards, V = 0 and V = 1.0.  Also, these areas are generally
treated with oil or chemicals to reduce dust and weed problems.
Therefore, the emissions have been estimated based on the above
values and the following assumptions:
     0    No vegetation
     0    Half the area is stabilized, with an emission rate of
          20 percent of the unstabilized area
     0    Train traffic increases the wind erosion emissions by
          20 percent
Therefore, the resulting emission factor is:

       E= (0.025) (86) (1.0) (C) (0.84) (1.0) (X +2°'2) (1.2) (Eq. 6)

         = 0.07 to 5.12 tons/acre-year
For PM,Q the 0.5 factor for the PM..-/TSP ratio described above
was applied to the calculated results.
CLEARED OR EXPOSED AREAS
     The modified wind erosion equation described earlier was
used for estimating emissions from cleared or exposed areas.  An
average erodibility (I)  of 47 or 86 tons/acre per year was
assumed for the soil types common to these areas  (EPA 1974).  The
cleared areas are generally left with a fairly smooth surface,
which is equivalent to a K value of 1.0.  The climatic factor for
                               B-5

-------
the study areas ranged from 0.05 to 4.55.  An average field width
of 1000 ft was assumed for all the cleared areas, since this is
not a critical variable in the equation.  The L1 value equivalent
to L = 1000 ft was determined from a nomograph in which soil type
is also a variable.  Because there is no vegetation on cleared
areas, V = 0 and V = 1.0.
     Based on these input data, the average emission rate from
cleared areas is between 0.09 and 8.22 tons/acre-year.  For PM10
the 0.5 factor was multiplied by the calculated TSP emission to
obtain estimated PM.,- emissions.
CONSTRUCTION
     The emission factor presented in AP-42  (EPA 1983) of 1.2
tons/acre per month is corrected for the climatic conditions at
each site by use of the equation:

        E =   (PE/50)2                                  (Eq* 7)
 where PE = varies from 6 to 39 at sites
        E = 1.78-83.3 tons/acre per month
     These values are appropriate for residential, commercial,
and highway construction with excavation and regrading.  Con-
struction projects are assumed to be fugitive dust sources for 3
months a year if they are residential and 6 months a year if
commercial, industrial, or highway.  The PM.. „ emissions were
obtained by multiplying the calculated TSP emissions by 0.5.
UNPAVED STORAGE AREAS
     No emission factor was found for this source category.  By
comparison with other source categories, it was estimated that
annual emissions per acre for this source were less than either
cleared areas or railroad yards.  Consequently, it was estimated
that emissions from storage areas would be 25 percent of those
for a cleared area.  The PK../TSP factor of  0.5 was applied to
the calculated TS? emissions to obtain the PM-,,- emissions.
                               B-6

-------
                    REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX B
Environmental Protection Agency.  1974.  Development of Emission
Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources.  U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.  Publication No.
EPA-450/3-74-037.

Environmental Protection Agency.  1983.  Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors.  3d ed. (including supplements 1-14).
AP-42.

GCA Corporation.  1978.  Inventory Development for Evaluation of
Measures for the Control of Nontraditional Sources of
Particulates in Southern New England.   (Draft final report).   GCA
Corporation, GCA/Technology Division, Bedford, Massachusetts.
                               B-7

-------
      APPENDIX C




MICROINVENTORY RESULTS
           C-l

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 1)
SAROAD code - 0304400C6
Location - Maricopa County—Carefree Airport
UTM coordinates - 416.96  3742.15
Monitor height - monitor no longer active
Topography - desert landscape
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Unpaved area
          Distance

     Adjacent to monitor site
    Description

    Little or no
      traffic
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual  arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
 No. of samples
TSP    IP    PM
AC7
A07
A07
1980
1981
1982
30.0
43.0
46.0
0
25.7
21.2
	 iu
0
0
0
21
3C
43
0
37
49
0
0
0
                                                                            10
                                     C- 2

-------
One mile radius  around  Maricopa  County, Carefree Airport. (Site 1)
                                C-3

-------





















1









QJ
4->
CO
' "

^~-
GZ
2:

~^
to

UJ
cc
——1
o
co

«^
UJ
cs:
c^






























!


S_
O
CL
s_

es-
Ol

^
14—
QJ
_
fj


• ,
OJ
1 4-J
>P_
CO






^
c
o
4-J
•*
O

QJ
to
>>
~~*
oo
c
o
•f—
£
—
UJ
CS-
<£>






>
4-
5
4-
C.
C




















03
O
1 —
cn
CO
-



CO



cn









ro



CNJ



->
3
* 4-J
- ro
•> S_
J






>^
Jk.
O
cn
CJ
4-J
ro
(_)

QJ
O
S-
-~
c
CO











































z:
o

i —
CO

.^•^
^~
o
0






































,_
OJ
3
H-

ro

4-J

O
•o

i/)
QJ
CX









































,— .
GJ


•o
C
t— «
-x^,^
£
g
o
c_ ?

ro
O

CM
O



p—
•
o































t/>
o

ro
t-
QJ
C
•r—
(J

t— t

^j.
O




















1 —
o


•—
0

CM
o













i-

f^_
-*»^
r— *
•r—
<3
o:








































• •
1—
oo
Q

UJ
p»
*— t
h-

c^
"^
t-.-l_.



•




































to
•o
s-
ro

-o
ro
O

^~
• r—
ro
r>^

CO
ro

cn
ro
cn
CO

cn
•
CM







^^

0


f—
r— '


CD
^

r-

H-
O
X
CM







to
4.)
QJ
QJ
S_
4^
1/1

C
ro
QJ

«_5

^
O
•a-

CD
CTi

ro
•
PO












CM
CO


ro
— '

v^
CD
I—
•o
O
X
oo
CM



to
QJ
r—
r-"
ro

00
T3
c_

-o
QJ
>
ro
CL
C
t









































Ul
ro
QJ

u
3
i_
4*J
Ul
C
o
(_J











































QJ
3
4-J
r—
3
0
•r—
C.
CD
^^

CO
o
























ro
o



u
ro
-—







1/1
ro
QJ
L.
ro

O)
Cn
(D
S-
£2
4—'
CO

ro
0
























ro
O



1—
O
X
•—




to
4-J
O
^~

CD
O.

-o
QJ
>
ro
Q.
C
*~^




4
s-
0
.j
u
QJ
to
to
c~
O
• r—
l/l
to
•i—
c:
UJ


ro
4-J
0
1—


cn
CD



cn
i
CM







—
c2




^
0


ro
CD



CM
•
O


CM
O



CD
cn
cn

cn
ro
ro


o

^~
r—

^
^'

1 —
CO

ro
CD
cn

CM
,_jl
ro


CM

^j-
^-,

CTi
^



o ~
\ — >• i
CO i 	
CO i-^; 0
C 3 I C:
LJ
U-
1
C-4

-------
co
e£
UJ
cz:
          O
          CL
          QJ
          OJ

          4-
          O)
          S-
          ro
          CJ
          CJ
         4->
         •r—
         CO






^
a
o
*->
**
o
QJ
co
in
C
o

in
LO
UJ

c
n_



•4-J
O
| —


cn
co
-
co

LO

^-




ro


C\J

r— H
•r- OJ
> 4->
•r— ro
•4— ' »••
O



>*J
S-
o

O)
4_?
ro
O

QJ

i_
^2
O
CO

































. .
z:
o

h-
{^)

CZ
^;
O





























^_
CJ
^3
t^ —

r—
ro
•r—
4_>
C
_c>

• r—
U".
CJ
cr































r—
O
3
H-

"O
p~
•— H
•^^^
c^
£
0

CO
d

CNJ
d

o







«*
d






























to
s-
o
4_>
03
S_
OJ
c
• f—
L>
C
1—1
1 	
«
0
r__
d
CM
d














s_
•r—
^C
•x^^
r—
•r-
r^
CC






























• »
H-
CO
HH*3
O

UJ
^>
t— «
1—
»— «
C_D
ZD
u_


".



























to
^3
S-
ro
>^

T3
ra
o
c.
r^
•r—
ro
a:

CO

! 	
CM
CTl
d
-'
in


^
•
o


10
•
o
CM
d
CO
o
1
CO
o
fWB.
X
CM




in
4^
QJ
QJ
c.
4-1
in

c:
ro
CJ
^—
0

CM
CNJ


CM
CTi
CM
00







VO
•
^
r^
o
r^
CO
h-
CO
O

X
CO
CM
I/I
QJ
r^
r—
ro
•^^
(/)
-o
s»

T3
QJ
>
re
Q.
c~
— '































tn
ro
0)
s_
ro

"O
QJ
i-
ro
QJ
r—
*-*
































C
0
•r-
4-^
u
3
S-
4_J
to
C
o
^

































O)
s^
3
4-J
^~-
**^
O
•r-
i_
CD
"^

O
















^
o


o
ro

^^
.
1




to
ro
QJ
t_
ro

QJ
cr>

t-
o
4_;
LO
CM
0
















CNJ
O


1
CO
o

X
^^

l/>
-4— '
o
r—

cn
•^
Q.

"T^3
QJ

ro
a.
c~
^


i
s-
0
o
QJ
to
-Q
1/5
El
0
'to
in
E
UJ

ro
O
|—

cn
1
VO


CO
1
CNJ

r— 4


C.
o
o
o
cr:



d

CO
d


CM
o

CM
d

•Zl
0
»— »
h-
i
3
CJ

f__
CO
CO
cri


CO
r^

CO
"*
I—
CO
S

L_
^*
1 	
ZZ.
^~

CM
CO
CO
CM


O
CO

cn
^





i—
o
1
                                                        C-5

-------
          0)
          J->
          fO
          C
          O
          o
          O
             C S_
            •r- T3
            3 <0

                CT
                E

             u 01
o
on
o
Q-
       C  0-1
       O  C
      ••-  o
          01
                c_
                oo
                d)

                ns
                 S-
                 o>
                 3
                 C
                                                      C-6

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 2)
SAROAD code - 030300001
Location - Hayden Jail, on Canyon Drive one block west of Utah  Avenue,  Hayden,
             Arizona
UTM coordinates - 520.0  3651.7
Monitor height - 18 ft., on roof of building
Topography - complex terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Canyon Drive
          Distance

            24 ft.
     Description

Paved 2000 ADT
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
  No. of samples
 TSP    IP    PM,
F02
F02
1982
1983
172.3
119.2
0
0
	 iu
0
0
52
51
0
0
	 1
0
0
                                     C-7

-------
                                  •*• •i^-'fi."'- •<: " •"•lit;  . 4 ••   '  I iv  i  / < v
                                  ^^^rowr:^


                  s _ _PLO; 5 5  -Z-Z-I-, .»\\
                  . — — — — — — — _i_ _ _ _   i >
                         _H -V;-_-_—_r_
One mile  radius around  Gil a County,  Hayden, Arizona.  (Site 2)
                                   C-8

-------
CM
o:
CO

UJ

a:

o
CO

=£
UJ
fX
        c
        
.
o
(J
cu
to
-O
l/l
C
o
•r~
I/)
l/l
E
UJ
CL.
K





ro
O
| —

Ov
CO








LO


«5f





OO

CM


i — I
•r- O>
> 4-3
•r- re
4-> ^_
o
«t


>>
S_
O
en
cu
4->
ro
(J

CU
o
s_
^3
O
co









































• •
-z.
0
•—4
1—
CO
— ,
C2
s:
o
CJ
0
o


























C
cu

• r—
(/)
o>
cc
r_
O










































t




, —
o










r—
CU
•3
l*-

•o
C
»— *
^^
§*~

o


















l/l
s_
o
4-J
ro
s-
o>
c:
•f—
u
c
»— H












































i_
•r—
c^
•**^
P^
• r—
ro
o:






































• •
I—
CO
•=>
Q

UJ
:>
I-H
1—
»— *
O
rr>
u_



-


































VI
-o
V.
ro
>^

T3
ro
O
S-
^~
• r— '
ro
C£
O
r-~
,___

cv
LO
Cs.
^








r--

(~r



u:

CS
r-
(-

CN.
"*
|
vo
c

X
^




CO
+->
O>
CU
s_
4-1
to

c
rO
CU
r—
0
•5f
ro
ro
CO

CO
ro
oo
O
CM
•=>;
oo
01

01
o
LO

oo
r-.


oo

CTl
^.
VD
o
LO
s
cu
(J
c
cu
S-
cu
t(-
o
o:
to
>>
CD
r—
r—
ro
•^^^
to
-o
S-

-o
O)
>
re
CL
C
ZD
0
00
^^J-
CM
O
CD
LO
O
LO
LO
CO













LO

Ol
LO
OO
CM
LO
CM
O
ro

CM
O>
01




co
ro
CU
S_
ro

•o
CJ
i-
rc
O>
r—
(_3
Ol
(•s^
^^


O
LO







•*
CD
O

CD



LO

r~



^.
CD
O
ro

O
CM
00



to
CU

• f~
Q-

to
cn
C"
•r—
^rm
•r—
to
h-









































CU
s_
rs
4->
i—
3
O
•r—
s_
en








































i/>
ro
OJ
S-
ro

CU
en
ro
s_
o
4_2
CO
CM
,_!

























CM

t—
OO
o

X


to
4-)
o
r-^

en
^-^
Q.

^O
O)

ro
Q.
C
1:3


s-
4->
•s
S-
0
4->
o
cu
l/l
•°
o
•r—
UJ


ro
4->
O
h" •


Oi
1
^


LO
1
CM

r— 1


Q.
ro
u
cu
Qi


f-
o










^
c


^
o
»— (
h-
CO
CO
o
LO
rj
,_

^
•
r^
vo

o
Ol
00
CO
o
CO
h-
CO
^2

LLJ
^-f
t— i
I
1
U.
CM
00
JI

^
•
f*^*
s

o
0^
00
LO
,_!
CO






^0
^— ^
o
1—
                                                  C-9

-------
CM


 QJ
4-J


OO



>-
OO


UJ
O
00
 c
 OJ
•o
           QJ
          4->


          OO












*
c
o
M
C
CJ
>»
l/l
o
"~
^
~c
f—
c.







>
4-
•^
-J
-*-
C,
«3











^_
2
0


en



CO



*£>


Lfy

•-J


ro



CNJ





->
j
- QJ

j i_
*


>^
S_
O
en
QJ
ro
O

j_
—
C
OO






































• •
O
1—
oo

~^
5"
O
CJ

^-
o


























«.
o





QJ
3
r_
-2
C
CJ

•r—
UO
CJ
Ce-

,_
O


























r-
CD






CJ
3
**-
-o
C
•^^
zz
=
o
tj





































10
s_
0
ro
S_
OJ
C

u

•—•








































•£
•*+^
r—
•r-
CT
tx





































H-
t/)
^p
Q
Lul
r—
(—4
O
rs
u-



".

































s_
ro
^
-o
c5
s-
,.^
.^.
re
Ci

j.^
c:
'^
^
<
O

LD
r«

*





CM
•
CM

LD


r_
•
O


Lf)
CM
1—
U3
O
X


4J
QJ
CJ
i/l
C
ro
V
i —
0

,^_
CO
ro




,3.
•=3-

•>.
0
U3
*
LD
C5
ID
*
^~

cn
"^

ro
•
^*
LD

VO
3
QJ
O
C
OJ
s_
OJ
l+-
OJ
Qi
OJ
*— •
ro
l/l
S_
QJ
>
rc
C.
C
=

^.
U5
CM
LD
*
LD
CM
CM
co'
ro
10
•a-








co
•=3-


o
•
C\J
i^

CO
'
u
ro
CM
CPi
CT>


ro
QJ
ro
-o
O
^_
re
CJ
' —
"

LD
•=3-
CM




O
CO
CM




CM
O
00
*
o

co
0







CM
O
O
ro
O
CM
ro


(SI
(U
't
c_
to
cr.

^
^^
f
ro
h-






































QJ
3
^
tj
• ^
i_
cn
131





































1/1
QJ
fO
CJ
rc
S_
C
4— v
00

r>-
o


























^
C5
1
ro
O
X
ID
l/)
4-3
O
CT)
O.
T3
OJ
>
ro
Q.
c
=


>>
J
o
u
QJ
1/1
JO
I/I
o
I/I
fl
•r—
E
UJ




s


"n
O
^f


CTl
1




LD
csj




t— i





LO
O











ID
O


|
^


LD
LD
CO
O
ro
oo

ro
ro
•


ro
r—
O
'
—
1 —

en
LD
LD
CO
O
ro
ro

ro
ro
LO
r"~


CO
J
o


r— '

                                                           C-10

-------



























ul
0
4-J
ro
c
•r—
-a
^.
a
o
u

s:
i—
ZD






>^






X



C
~U (T3
C S-
•r- T3
3
O"
i
CJ •
U CU
c 1 ^
fT3 *^
LI
•- E
O C

s_
4-
5 ! i-
CO i >,
1 1 1 J^ (/••,
0 :' 0 C
a: !: -r- o
ZD I/! 4-:
O ; on
CO
H-

>— 4
O
c_




















•i — *^
E i —
UJ O
>
OJ
r—

0
^-
Q-




c_
CO
1—









CU
E
to
c
c

51







c ~E


Ln ro
, ,
i — CM
Ln Ln

ro ro



en UD
* .
0 0
CM CM
Ln uo


CM P —






r^ Ln
0 0



CM
CO
LO '
CO , —
•=?• * .,-
r^ L.
O-
 O> C
°Z C ro
«=C E , —
CO QJ Q_
< ^ *
i 	 CM
C-ll

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number  3)
SAROAD code - 030600002
Location - 1845 Roosevelt St.,  Phoenix Arizona
UTM coordinates - 403.2  3702.4
Monitor height - 30 feet
Topography - no special  terrain
Localized sources, within 2CC ft of monitor -
Source

I9th Street
Garfield Street
Roosevelt Street
Paved Parking
          L istance

           75 feet
           93 feet
          157 feet
          24-33 feet
     Description

  Paved, 2000 ADT
  Paved, 8000 ADT
  Paved, 12200 ADT
N and S of monitor
Air qua!ity data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
  No. of samples
 TSP    IP    PM
A07
A07
A07
G01
G01
1980
1981
1982
1982
1983
121
108
101.1
95
106
0
83
54
0
0
	 o.u
0
0
0
0
0
39
43
53
55
40
0
37
43
0
0
0
0
0
0
n
w
                                                                            10
                                    C-12

-------

roe Sch
.Vaskington Seh,-^=i-=;==»
                                                              -—•   " •  ;  i  11
                                                               »*»•      •—*
                                            ' Berney -
                                           ^k.,  ^r
    One mile radius around 1845 Roosevelt, Phoenix, Arizona.   (Site
                                     C-13

-------
 ."O


 GJ


OO
          O)
          >
          OJ
          l/l
          o
          o
         ex

         LO
         •a-
         co
           QJ
          ^
          •r—
          LO











£
c
o

j__
o
4J
s

^}
LO
C

~~*

^2
EE
_
C_
(— i






4-



I.
«3

















ro
O
H-


cn


oo



LO



LO




•--j



-0


rj


r-1

")
J
- CJ
. -i-i
- re
•J S_
j
•


>^
i_
0
en

j_>
fO
CJ

CJ
o

3
c
LO














































. *
*nr
o

*—
LO
~^
->-,
S
O










































o>

s^_

,_
rO
-, —
_j_;
d

U


















































^_
.,—
^£
**+^
1— —
•r-
«











































• •
^_
LO
ZD
o

UJ
^>
1— i
)_.
1— 1
{J2
2




•






































LO
T3
s_
re


-o
re
o
S-
t—
., —
re

o
^3-
LO
^*
^
"3-
LO
_
s
, —
I—"
CO
^
LO
^~

:
oo


,
01


LO,
oo
CM

O
en

oo
r^I
ro
H;
O

x
VO
CM
•~



LO
4-1
CJ

s_
4-5
l/l

c
r^
c;
C_3

0
1 — .
CM

UD
O

OO
01
p^
oo
0
LO



r—


0

r—





r_
CO

LO
CM

1—
OO
0

x
^o
c^
cS
I— -
r—
re
^»^
t/>
-^
i_

-o
QJ
>
re
CL
C

-;
oo
LO

oo
LO

^
CM
r —
^
LO
^!
i —


o
LO


^

o


ro
co

CM
—

, —
LO


O
re

,_
tn
r~



LO
re
OJ

re

T3
CJ
^.
re
CJ
0

*>
,_
LD
co







co
CM
LO


oo
LO
LO

,3.
'

r—


f
CO
CM
oo
co
oo
LO
oo
^-


(_)
ro

CM
LO




c
o

-4-1
o
^
i-
•*— '
LO
c~
o














































OJ
s_
3
-4—)
^—~
3
LJ
•r-
s_
en

o
CM





o
"•
o
1 —

























LJ
re

CTi



l/l
re
O)
s_
re

OJ
cr>
re
i.
c^
LO

OC!
c^


oo
C3

O
"-
^_
1 —





1 —


LO

0


r^
0




r_
0

1 —
oo
0

x
o
CM
LO
4-1
O
r—

CD
^
a.

T3
OJ
>
re
a.
=




£
s_
o
4-J
U
QJ
l/l
LO
O
LO
LO
EE
UJ

re

o
1—
CTi
i
O



LO
1
CNJ



•
O
CNJ


•
r^.
r—


,_J


-
^
•
i —
r—
1 	
O
•
LO
CM
'*"
^^
^
CM
oo

^
LO
•
^^
oo
•—

•
CM
^f"
^^
CO
oo
CM
so

^«o
LO
                                                                                                         re
                                                                                                         U
                                                                                                                  (/•, ! i—
                                                                                                                  = i I—
                                                                                                                  ^i -
                                                                                                                  o! 5
                                                              C-14

-------
I











































i
i
i

'




.
1

(
' '


;
i


ro
OJ
-I— J
OO
>-
cy
cd
^^
y~
!ID
CO

LU
C_^
CE:
H3
o


<: j
s

CJ
QJ
4-3
00
QJ
>
OJ

O
o


LO
«^j-
co



• •
o

CL! ' •• —
d 00











i.
o
4—

*•
l-
c

c
LO
>-,
00

rc
C
I —

CT>


CC





LD





LT;


c
c «c-
•I —
LO


















































•=*
O


r—
O

r_
CD

, —
O
r—
•
O










1
LO
^
t^

CM
00

CM
00

CM
00
CM
•
OO







CO
























o


i/i | ; ;
= i
: 	 ^i i
O"/
: !

0 1
~








C^


i — i

•r- GJ
•r- ro
4J i-
^~





>^
s_
O
en
CJ
4-J
ro
t_>

0
(^
*_



t

















* •































".


















1



1





cc
«d

•si
^~
r—
CT
o-
C
CC
,_
c\
CTl
LT

C\
CT


LT

CC
f~
CN.

o-
I
o| r~~
Lo] ^
r— 1 OO

ro
O

CM
LO

1 	
CM
oo
•
OJ



i^O
•
0

CT)
.
o
CM




CT,
^
(V'}
1 '














( —
CJ
•^
<"i—

, 	
y r~
o •-

H— ' d
C-*" C-'
in ' "C
r^l •' —
^; ; "
C^- ' _^
L/' . v_-
t,*"
C^













( —
CJ

(4—

T3
c;
(~ i
"\_
™
^
c
— 1 °
0
r-^












00
S-
O
4-J
ro
S_
C
d
• I~
(_J
C
CM| r~.





















i_
• i —
e^
•-^
, —
"1 •















1—
CO
n^1
CD

UJ
;>.
»— <
1 —
•— .
•r— CD
<•£
*— * CZ.
H3
L~













UO
-o
i^
ro
>^

•^3;
ro
O
s_
, —
• ( —
f^
ex
^— , r—.
-
0
CM
CM
1 —
CD
X
LO
CM






LO
4_>
QJ
QJ
S_
4->
00

a
rz
rj
• —
°

,3.
,-1

^
OO
O
X
CM

LO
>^,
O
1 	
1 —
ro
*^.
oo
-o
i-

~£3
a;
>
ro
CL
c~
^

^
00

^.
,_

CT.
LO
^.
*
f^.




.
CO

*a-
.
o



CM


oo
CTI
oo
"*







0
CM
00



^.J.
.
co
CM
CT,

CO






























LO
.


•5T i — |
oo
^
•
LO

, —
00


u
r~
J£2






(/)
fO
OJ
s_
H3

~O
CJ
S—
re
CJ
r—
^
O
•
cc
r--
^
0


(J

CM







C
O
• r—
-f-J
LJ
^3
S_
4-^
LO
f~
C
0


0
|




LO
O

LO
O







































CJ
s^
13
-t— >
1 —
^3
o
•i —
i^
CD
•^





u
ro
CT>






t/)
ro
CJ
s-
ro

CJ
C7^
ro
5-
0
4— *
OO

co
CM


CM
0

LO
o

LO
0






LO
,
0

00

o



,-J.

CD





, 	
O

r—
OO
0
X
o
CM



00
4-J
O
1 —

CD
•^
Q_

TD
CJ
>
ro
C.
C
^




s_
s_
o
o
CJ
-°
o
E
UJ

_
ro
4-3
O
t—
1



LT)
1
CM
i — 1

ro
O
C
cr:

0
•
LO
^~

CM
00
i —

CO
o
0

o
>-— '
h—
00
LO
t
f^^
OO
CTi
O
01
1 —

CTi
OO
0
co
S
i 	 ,
~^->
LO
•
CM
LO

CM
CM
OO

^
CM
OO
0
CO
co



• —
;S ^E ! —
C-15

-------
1
I tO
1 ^
-l->
C
•r—
TO
S-
o
o
o

2:
i —
^D


•o
C
3


OJ

..«-
C^


>•>






X



C
re
»»
•o
O"
i
M
U
•4— *
•r-

E
C

no i — r*** «^- r*-* r*^ ro
co co co r^ O O r^
O^i O*t O> O*> CD ^D O>
|*O I^O t^D 'sD ^* f**** I*O
ro ro ro ro ro oo ro



cv) cxj r*") p*^ r***. r— CD
• *•*•••
OO t^J f^* ^^* isO ^*>J CO
o o o 01 o o o
•=r «s- «a- oo «a- •* ^3-


CM OO C\J OO CM OO CM






tO CM *^~ ^O *3~ CM ^J"
CM OO OO -vT CM i — «a-


                                    CM
                                    OO
                    OO
                    CM
O   11
C-   <>_

                          -o
                           C
                           re
                          OO

                           ro
                           C
                           O
                           Nl
(J
O
                                o
                               •r—
                                C
                                     QJ
                                     
                                    O  CTi   ••-   •!-
      O

     4->
      OJ
          -a
          CD
                                               J2

                                               13
               ai
               i.
               ra
-o
 C
 o
ca
                                                    o
                                                    o
                          re
                          O
                     03
                     O
                    oo
                  S_
                  O!
              *-> J3
               C E
                               CNJ  00
                                                    VD
                                                              C-16

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 4)
SAROAD code - 030600013
Location - 4732 S. Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona
UTM coordinates - 400.2  3696.5
Monitor height - 30 feet
Topography - no special terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Central Avenue
Tamarisk Avenue
Paved Parking
          Distance

          130 feet
          175 feet
           70 feet
     Description

Paved, 17000 ACT
Paved, 1000 ADT
S and W of site
Air qua!ity data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual  arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP          _PM1f
  No. of samples
 rsp    IP    PM
GDI
G01
1982
1983
128
113.
2
0
0
	 — ' JA,
0
0
61
40
0
0
0
0
                                                                            10
                                     C-17

-------
      19'
/?
                     3  t
x~      *• iv".:y-/"v>

" ;y:;v\ :';:'^^   20
                             -J
                           .  • .;••  '  , '•~,^:\'.:-  .-...:•   _    ~|."
                     	-.-. .  . '.":•••••.  	  ™ •.-•-.  -  ,,  1C   •   -•  ~~
                     ...:'...•-...'.__:•.'    .  .--..'..' --r-.V-:...':..: = 3d"St . :|-
                   - :.-;' ;."...'.'  .'.  •"•_••   '";'-^. ^ T,'	'•'•	...^School'.



                               . 2..........1 	•._U^.-^|-;.

    ./•_. './            .  --. = •.-'r.'.'V^  .-'•'. _ r^-..':^!    :l;ii-kj  .;	J^^I^^'-ii'"-;^
           -.4-j-4-4-ff-;-r-:-4--ii South Phoenix  'r:
I ._; ;
"_ 	 * -'- -:
t- -:.
:L29" ' v -y-.

~t
^"

'.• : . ;|:: ':.
• ' '• 1 •" =
•:T7~*i?iK"'
.'' :L--
"•^•i'i-'c
. . ' | ~
L^"w
-=..':
;
r
,
-:: J
- /
i /
: 1 _ 	


                                            -	,|i-  _.  .        ...  .,


                                              ^ ••••'•'-     _^f-


                                    ^^^^^il1^
                                        : ' :  \\  'T^T. •• •. :•;::'.  » ^I^T
                                        1  ii-sT^s?   I  ••;'UK<&^
                                    ;"   r i'i-?=f=»^'" ':'   Roostvs*^~^ ri——-

    One  mile  radius  around 4732 S.  Central, Phoenix, Arizona.  (Site 4'
                                             C-18

-------
o
cc
        OJ
       00
       OJ

       OO
        d
        4->


        OO









>>
c
o
4J

s_
o
4->
U
o
c
c
00
00
.4-.'

oo
\—




>
4-
•p-
>
4-
C.
«=t
















r-
-5
O
t—


oo









UO

*="



OO



oo
, 	 ,

•>
o>
ro
s-



>-j
i_
O
o^
OJ
.4— )
fC
O

O
CJ
i-
^
o
o":







































• •
2T
O
p_-
j —
c^.
~~^
C.Z.
-—
O
0



































OJ
H3
^—

^—
rO
*i —
-i-J >
^
CJ
"O
•1 —
L/"l
C1
oi
^r
o




o

o

-;
0















0









r—
OJ
3
14.

~^3
C
t— ^
"*^^.
^
^
O
U
CO
, 	
r—

OJ
OO

00
CM

OO
OO

OO
00



uo
o
uo
o



CD


uo
0
o










t/>
s«
c
4_>
ro
s_

»— t
1 —
t— H
C_D
ZO
u-



-
































(/)
-a

ro
>^

-^
ro
0
^_
r—
• r—
ro
a:
UD
OO
O
00
o
OO
f —
uo
CO
UD
vo
s



uo
uo
CM
O
i —

0
"
1 —

^.
2
en
i —
CM
t—
>X)
o
X
p.—
uo



OO
4_>
CD
CD
s_
4_J
l/l

f~
ro
QJ
( —
0
r-
00
^3-

CTl
00
OO
a\

*sO

^o
o



uo
00
r^
<-'


&
CD


UD
OO
"

5:
OO
o
X
^J-
OO
0)
I —
r—
ro
•**^

ro
r*.
c:
^
OO
a->
oo

CM
uo
CM
^

00

CT;
o



en
0








^J.
o




u
ro
CO
co




ro
OJ
S-
ro

T3
a
S—
re
OJ
i —
°
CO
uo
uo
























co
uo
uo


CJ
ro

CM




c:
o
•r-
4_>
^j
^
t.
4-J
t/>
c:
o
0







































a>
^_
23
4J
i —
23
O
•r—
S_
cn
<
r —
^1


O-i





i-D
OO















OO
0



u
ro
P^
OO



U)
ro
01
S-
ro

0
cn
ro
i_
C
4_?
to
00
CM


00
o

UO
0

r-.
O

00
o



1 —
o








^
o
o

r-
•o
0
X
o
'

4-J
O
r—

CT:
v
Q.

"O
C.)
5*-
fC
Q.
C
11:1


>>
S-
o
4_>
0
O)
l/l
LO
C
O
•f—
E
LjJ



ro
o
I—

i
l^Q



UO
1
00

1—1

00
CM


•
Oi



o
t
CM
,__
,__




=-
0
o
£^



OO
uo
uo
•
00
01
OO

oo

K
o->
uo
co
0^
uo
VD


r^
O
OO

oo

^
0
r^
co
1
1
5
o
^-4
t—
OO
SD
o
5
LLJ

•— '
^
"






ro
°
                                                  C-19

-------

4—
o
i —

cn

co

f>"

UD

un


























,3.
0


, —
O
r—
o
,—
0



i

co
r~
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
un
o
ID






























,











"^ °' ' '•
i ' ;

, —
Cn
r-.
co
r--.
r-.
ro
ro
un
i-O
ro
r-
co
ro
, 	
cn
O

co
CM
co
CM
^
IT)
cn
O
ro
0
«-,.
r-


CM
d
CM
cn
CM
,3.
CM
r^
ro
ID
O
un
0

LO | CM !

UD
CO
CM



























•a-
CM
un
O




CO
*•" '




:

ro
<—
, 	
O
ro
O
^
O
i—
O
	
•
o



1 ' ' i i
; . to , • ,
ro i
O i
O i LO
d d : ;


s_
c
QJ
_Q
C
C
•r-
t/l
(E

ro
O
I —

cn
i

LO
1
CSJ



1
CM
CM

„
tn
0
CM

^ 	
ro
co
CNJ
CM
co
cn
ro
^
CNJ
^ j^

un
O
CM
ro
£
cn
un

ro
£:

 CO
-^J


OO
cr
o
CD
          CO
         O
         CM
         ro
     |l   uO
                                                              O j CM




>
4.
•r~


— '

-i
i
• CO
> — '

4-
• nD
J ^,
u
cr





















>^
s_
o
cn
QJ

ro
U

CJ
u

— ^
c


















. .
^y
O

I—
0









r-L.-.T-
o

k4_

r—

-o
S-
fO
^j

T3
rC
O
S_
r~-
.p—
ro
ac.

j •
un cn
U3

2:
to
o
r— •
X
r—
un




LO
4^
CJ
CJ
s_
4^
LO

c
rO
C
r—
f ^

O

1—
s:
ro
O
r—
X

ro
LO
QJ
r—
r^
rO
•^^^
LO
1^
i-

"O
OJ
>
re
C.
C
~~1






(_J
ro

CO
co




LO
ro
QJ
S_
ro

"O
CJ
s_
ro
CJ
r—
CO

un
co
CM



U
ro

CM





C
o
•r—
4->
O
33
1-
4-^
UO
C
O
t-J

















QJ
S_
~^
-*J
r^
3
O
• f—
L_
CD
t^
<—
d


i
o
ro

, —
CM




LO
ro
QJ
V.
ro

CJ
C7>
fC
^,
O
4.*
L/~i
1

CM
d

i —
*o
o

X
o
^~

00
4— )
0
r—

C^
'^
CL

-o
CJ
5*
rT
cx
c
ZI3

                                                        C-20

-------























^
on
2!
=>
oo

UJ
C_J>
rv
ZD
O
OO
1 —
z:
K- «
o
n.



























OT
QJ
4— >
ro
C
T3
S-
O
o
u
2: x
t—
ID
+J
C
"O ro
C S-
•i- T3
3 ro
3
cr
i
QJ **
u o
cz 4—^
+-> 1/1
00

s-
>> 0
~--^ 1 — i
cm 2:
o c c_
•i- O
LO 4-
LO
•i — •>
UJ GJ OO
> 1—
OJ
r—







flj
. —
S
^

^
—
03
C.








QJ
+J -C
C E
03 3


OO

oo
o-i
VD
00

CM
00
O


r—






CM
•
CM



LT>
OO





0
r-~.








u
O
on

X3
E
ro

T3
C
ro
OO

ro
c
o
N
• t —
s_
<:



_


r—

co
en

00

CM
O
o
"*

[^






O





co
oo





ur>
r^

















0
o
on

c
o
•I —
c
ZD



CM


1^^

CO
^5
00

oo
rJ
0


t






^o
•




CM
OO





LT>
l-O




4J
QJ
QJ
S-
OO

f"
4_)
0


•>
o
4-J
OJ
s:

~o
Q)

•r—
d
=



OO


(_*.

CTi

OO

r~^
r^
CTi
oo

^3-






iJD





C
ro





, 	
U3




QJ
3
c~
QJ
et

^:
4-J
O1
^_

r-
_g
OJ
2:

"O
QJ

•r—
C
13






P^^

i —
U3
OO

O
00
en
oo

^3-






LD
.




O
CM





cn
00




o
c
>— (

.
o


X
•r—
2:
1
15
QJ
EC

X
•r—
C
cu
o

Q.



uo


1 —

0
o

oo

r^-
U3
0


,__






CO
*




0
OO





,_
oo





•
(_)
c

^
QJ
c~
•r—
JD
S_
3
1—
S_
ej^

4->
QJ
^.
t_
re




UD


p>^

0
o

oo

1—
OvJ
o


f—






CO

CM



oo
CM





,_
ro



00
1 i
0
3
~o
o
Q.

CD
C
• r—
•^3
r— .
•p—
3
CO
T3
C
O
CO

"D
r—
O
0



^


LO

en
CTl

00

•*
^
en
00

^>






o
•




r—






, 	

















00
ro
— 1

QJ

t_
ro
QJ
OO



CO


OO

en
i-O
oo

O
co'
o


rn






en
•
•sj-



r—






, —
















00
ro
0
CO

>^
ro


ro
QJ
00



cn
C-21

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE  (Number 5)
SAROAD cede - 030680001
Location - County Jail,  521 10th Avenue, Safford, AZ
UTM coordinates - 618.8  3633.5
Monitor height - 12 ft., on roof of building
Topography - No special  terrain
Local'zec1 sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
source

10th Street
unnamed road
          Pi stance

          105 feet
           20 feet
                         Description

                      Paved, 2500 ACT
                      Unpaved, 100 ADT
Air quality data -


Monitor   Year


  F01     1982
  FC1     1983
 Annual  arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP	IP	PM10
122
110
0
0
0
0
                      No. of samples
                     TSP    IP    PM
                                    •10
59
56
0
0
0
0
                                      C-22

-------
One mile radius around Safford, 521 10th Avenue.  (Site 5;
                                 C-23

-------
LO


O)
a:



rs
CO

UJ

C£.

o
CO

<
LU

<
         -o
          !_
          O
          ro
         CO
          O)
         4->


         CO













s_
-•^
o
jj"
o
o
CJ
LO
>,
LO
C
.2
V,
I/I
uj
Q_
CO
1—




1

^
o
I—


CT.


CO



P--

1X5



CO


^



ro



CM



•r- CU
•c— ro
0



>^
£_
O

OJ

ro
O

0
U
s-
3
O
CO






































i


































1


















• •
•^
O

1—
CO
"~^
§=
o
CJ











,_
O)
3
c>*

r—
ro
•r-
4^
C
0
-o
LO
CU
ex


c\
tf





rr
r—


M
r™

ro
r—





ro
O


ro
0

i













r»
Ol

4—

"^
c
t— »
*»x^
1
o

ro
O

*










CO
S_
o

ro
S_
o>
c
•r-
CJ
C
•"•


















































!




















^
•r—
^^
^«^,
•r—
fC
Q£
i













• *
^»
t/)
^3
f^>

UJ
|>
t— H
J1^
CD
rD
u.



-




































to
^3
t.
ro
^*>

T3
'w
0
^
""^
ro
Oi
O
d
en

«*
rn

VD
03


LO
«^
CM
VD
en


LO
LO

co
CM


03
CM
f^
CM
CM




CO
ro


CM
r*!

LO
•





_
o




-

01
p.!

en
-
i —
s:
o
X
en
"~




CO
4*}
CU
CU

4-J
LO

C
CU
^~
C_3

»a-
CM

1 —
CM
1—
ro
O
X
VD
'""
LO
CJ
r—
^—«
ro
•^^
LO
T3
S-

-o
CO
>
rc
CL
C
^
^_
CD
^—

03
CM

«*
ro


U3
0

00


i-O
C5















U
ro
CM




CO
ro
CU
L_
ro

"O
CU
S-
fO
CU
1—
0










































c
0
• ^
4«}
u
3
s-
4J
LO
C
o
0
^
^
^D
CO
*•
ro
CM
CM
^
CM
CM
^f
,_!
"*
CM
d
CM

^>
CM
LO
CM
CTl
ro































i
CD
LO
CM
CO
r-.
u
•53-
ro
CM







CU
s_
3
4^
r—
3
O
-r—
Ol
•^













CO
ro
CU
s_
*D

CU
en
re
o
4-J
CO
LO
,3.'


r—
d

ro
d


CM
,_

d


,_
o

^
o


CO
o


r—
O

^

1—
ro
O
cn


LO
4_>
O
r—

CT>
v^
O.

•o
CU
^
ro
Q.
C
1=1



L>
-^
O
4_f
(J
CU
LO
JD
LO
C.
o

LO
LO
E
LU



,_^
S"
u
OJ
C£


ro
0
1—


01
1
CD



LO
1
CM














CM
LO


en
•
ro



cr>
.
o


,-j.
o



o
»— t
^—>
CO
|?
O

o
00
CTi
t7>
O

d
ro
00

o
•
r_
^f
•""
O
rv!
CM
l —
CO
—

L_
^*
H"
, ,.
2

CM
ro
0
o
o>

ro
ro
CO

cn
.
i—»
^j-
^~
•=3-
P^
CM


i



_2
O
                                                         C-24

-------
LT)


 OJ
oo

UJ
o
o:
ZD
O
to
-a
s_
o
         CJ
         4->


         OO












£,
o

**
1-
c
4-'
o
CJ
to
>,
to
C
CO
rc
4_j
O



en

co




vo





LT>




1|
Q °'
2;
c_








CXI



•r- CJ
^> 4-j'

+J S_
0



>^
s^
o
CD
CJ

rc
O

CJ
O
i_
^
c







































































. •
^y
0












r—
GJ
Z3
Lj —

r_
fD
•i —
-f->
\— \ c=
CA; ; CJ
_.,
.*— ~
.__
O
OO O
~D
•r—
CO
GJ
&L










































r—
OJ
3
s-

"O
c
H— (
"•^
gr
£T
o
0


CTl
•
00




o

0
1
o
( —








C\J
Q
CM
o





























CM
•
O
00
0









t/)
s_
o

ro
s_
CJ
c:
>r—
0
r~
1 — '



















S-
• r—
•a:

r—
•i —
fG
^









































• •
i—
CO
^"~s
f~^

UJ
^^
1— «
h-

C_D
7~^
U,





'-





















O"

O"
LT
CT

r^
r—
tf

Lf
r—
r^
if



^

o-


r-.
"
^


V,Q
.
CM




CM

O
"*
vo
00








1—
o

H
I













LT;
"O
s^
rc


"O
fC
o
i_
r—
• r^
O
c£-

r^.
.
"*
cc
cc
i—
ID
O
in
1




to
+J
QJ
QJ
i_
4_)
to

f~
O
C
1 —
0


00

"
uo

r—
SI
OO
o
§
r—
CO
OJ
r—
r—
H3
•^^^
CO
"O
i-

~o
c;
>
rc
CL.
C
— '


r—
.
CO

..J.
*

r-.
r—

OO
o
•=3-
^



OO
,
o














o
rc
OO
CM




to
ro
QJ
S-
fO

-o
CJ
i_
rc
CJ
i —
<->











































C
o

+J
(_ J
^
t_
4— ^
CO
C
o
^


^.

r-*
0
CSJ
•
s
LO
O
UO
CTi
r-
Oi
CTl


CO

«3-
C\J



un
so


CM
•
CM
r^.
00
o
ro

OO
CM
l~~






QJ
S-
^
4_>
^~
^
O
• r—
L_
CD
•s:










































t/>
(O
QJ

rc

CD
CD
rc
S-
o
4_;
oo


f^^
.
CM


•
O
CM
0

r^
0
r—
O




t
o


CM
O
00
o


, —
.
0
en
o
r—
5>
00
o
X
en
"~~

to
4->
O
r^

CT)

CX

•^
CJ
>.
ro
Q.
c~
13



S_
•^
O
^__\
QJ
1/1
C
O
•"-
.2
E
UJ

^
O
t—


cn
i

-------
1,1
CJ
re
c
o
O
U
    4-J
    c
"O  'O
 C  S-
•r-  -a
3  <0
               CM
               CM
               CM
   01   «
   t_)  (U
   C -»J
   ro -r-
               co
               o
< .
!ZZ
7 >>
LJ >' C l/l
0 ' O C
3
"~ 9
O , '.T
on :• -1— «
1 *— ^*~
g
0
Q_
j^C,
i »—
,
o
sf



Q-
1—




CM




LT)



O
! c
i •£
^
r^


S_
O!
C E
i — C
i a.

0
CM
O
•o
i.
0
14-
4-
03
00

—
                                              C-26

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE  (Number 6)
SAROAD code - 030960002
Location - 201 South 2nd Avenue, Yuma, AZ
UTM coordinates - 722.9  3622.9
Monitor height - 20 feet
Topography - no special  terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

2nd Street
2nd Avenue
Unpaved lot
          Distance

          78 feet
          78 feet
          Adjacent
     Description

   Paved, 1000 ADT
   Paved, 1200 ADT
Adjoins east side
of building on
which monitor is
mounted
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PK,,
  No. of samples
 TSP    IP    PM
F01
F01
1982
1983
100.9
118.8
0
0
	 iu
0
0
59
53
0
0
0
0
                                                                            •10
                                     C-27

-------
'I/ST1. /.I	   t  .!  . 'fSTIi	
 One mile radius  around  201  S.  2nd Avenue,  Yuma,  Arizona.  (Site 6)
                                   C-28

-------
CJ

•r-
00
O
OO
UJ
cc
 CJ

•r-
OO
                                                    C-29













J_
^
C
0
,
^_
o
o
,
co
c
o
LO
1/1
E
c.
oo
l —






re
o
i —



cn



CO



^


LO



LO


•3-



oo


CM


i — I

•i- QJ
>• 4^
•r- n3
•+*^ t-
u
c^


>*j
S-
o
cn
QJ

re
u

QJ
LJ
^
0















































• •
^T1
0
CO
CM


CM
O


o
,_


CM
o





CM
O

oo
0


00
°

CM
O

^
o









'a;
^
(4.

r—
re
"—

| — ! C
OO
n^
s
o
00 C_>
CJ
~o
CO
CJ
(X




























^
CO


r^
, —


^
,_J


^
, —

^
,— !


, 	
o

^.
*.
r-


( 	
O






LO
o

00
CD





























CD




«J- oo
O O




r—
LO
oo

CM
t
LO





LO
OO
LO
r^
r-!
r —

CM
O
r—




CM
LO
r-
00
O


cn
^
r^

LO
0
oo

^
00
r—
CM
CM


O
oo

,_,.
cn


o
CM

















P—
a>
3
4-

•0
C
t— <
^^
|
O
CJ
, —
o

LO
CD












l/l
S-
o
4->
re
^_
CD
C
u
C
t—t
( —
CD



















i_
•r—
e^
*-^^
r—
fC
a:















. .
1—
to
ID
0

UJ
^»
»-~<
1—
3
~~^>
LL-
CM
O
'
0
cn



o
re

o
^


to
•^
S-
ro


-^
re
o
s-
1 —
ra
cs;
^.
O
1
0
<^

I—
^o
o
r~~
X
t^.
1



to
4.^
QJ
QJ
S_
4_)
uo

f~
re
QJ
r-— •
O
o
OO
p_

o
^
00

OO
cn


^
r_
^
r_
LO


O
, 	
CM
_
O


OO
^•'

LO
cn

oo
CD

(—
00
o
p.
x
o
cn
QJ

r—
re
^^^
CO
-o
i^

"^
OJ
>
re
a.
c~
ID
, —
CTv
O
CM
^
CM
r—
OO
, 	
CO
f^^,
00
CO
c?i
OO
OO
oo
CM
' —
cn
LO
0
CM
CM
CO

t^
cn
oo
'
LO
^
oo
CM
CM
CO

(_j
re

LO
LO
CM



i/)
ra
QJ
s_
fO

~^
QJ
1_
re
O)
r—
0























LD
OD
' .

00
CM
CM
CM




00
,_
0
0.
^1
LO
i —



























C
o
• r—
•I-J
(J

S-
4-^
CO
C
o
0












u
re

00
CM
"~





QJ
i.
3
4«>
r—
3
U
•r—
CD
<
r—







; ,
^'




























(j
re

CM



in
re
QJ
S-
re

QJ
CTl
re
S-
c
•+— :
to
CM
CO


CM
CD


cn
oo


o
,__

cn
CD





LO
CD


cn
O

r—
O

^
o

( —
OO
o

x
oo
OO

4_)
O
r—

cn
**-*
CL

•73
QJ
>
ra
CL
C
ID





S-
s_
o

(_)
to
JD
O
1/1
E
LU

re
4J
0
h-


cn
i



LO
1
CM

i — 1

cx
re
QJ
C£.



LO
CM
r—



CM
•
cr>


^
CM

O

2:
O
I—
oo
•V-,
Q
o
r-
UD
CO
r—
OO

CO
•
LO
^
CM

00
cn
LO

CM
\—
00
^

>;
^"^
r^
CO
cn
r—
00

O
•
LO
CO
CM
LO
LO
cn
LO

CM





r^ ' '°
S i 0
u-
1

-------












J_
~^
\
c
4J

s_
CJ
CO
>1

^
o
r-


cn


oo


^




10


in

•^ 1
CO

*•* ' .
•~s *^~
In '
,_2


























CO
CSJ


CSJ
o

CO
o

CSJ
d






CSJ
o



CSJ

























.

in
to


CO
r_

CO
,_

CO
r_'



CO
,_J

,_
0

—
r—


i 	
O




in
O



CSJ
o



i
1
1
CO i


























1—
CSJ
CO

,_
to
CSJ



CO
CO
i —


to
to
CO
csj
m




CSJ
CD


to
O
*~
O
co'
"~
P_
co'



CO
_

CO
r-'



1 i-n
• ! ! •
O O
' ! t
i r*
00 i o
""^ i
ro csj
d o




1 !
un
i
,—
to

CM
^
1 —

^
O
CSJ
csj
un

CSJ
CO
CSJ


*3-
CO

co
r-I
r— •


i 	
i
O

CSJ ^

Cn
CO*

o
CO
cn
in
CO
csj
cn
CO
i»^
P*x
CO

cn
CSJ
VO
un
sa-
in


cn
i
r—



























"*
CSJ |
i— i CSJJ —
csj ;
i —

oo
un

CSJ
cn
,_J
£Z



o
to
in


cn
^
'*-




—
CSJ





_
CSJ












]













r-
^


,_
-
<
UJ
a:
         3
         >-
         OJ




£
o

(_)
GJ
oo
00
c
O
oo
00
X


ro

O
1 —
CTi
1
to



in
CSJ


r— 1


cn
•
cn


csj
f**x



cn
—'

CO
o

CO
•
Csj
sd-
to
r-
m
r^.
CSJ
r~~
CO
to
o
CO

cn
o
to
CSJ
•
CSJ
in
to
CO
csj
co
CSJ
"~
CSJ
CO
0
CO

rv.
Z

•ZL E: '
—





>
4-
•r-
i ' . ! >

C-j



~)
J
- QJ
> -J
••~
4-
(.
<


















- ro

J




>^
^
0
cn
QJ

ro
U

OJ
U

3
C
u~>
t ^

















. .
z:
o

i —
cn

— ^
^r~
O

O

CO
o








, 	
(U
3
W-

r_
rt3

I -•>
C
QJ
13

CO
O)
cc.
| — , —
csj P- ro
O CD














r—
QJ
3


•o
C
|__>
^^^
^
£
0

un
0












to
S-
o

rO
i^
QJ
C
• r—
U

1— t



















L.

^^
*^^_
P^
• r—
ro
o:













• •
H-
(.0
~~^
o

UJ

r—t
r—

3

"-
un 10

to
'


U
ro

O




00
-o
^_

QJ
QJ
^
4*)
OO

g~
ro
QJ
r—
0
un

oo
un
t—
co
0
fHHB
X
o
cn
00
OJ
r— •
i^
ro
•^^
00
-o
i-

-o
QJ
>
ro
Q.
c
•^
r~
r^[

to
!
ON
5

u
ro

un
un
CSJ




oo
ro
CD
1~
ro

-o
CJ
L.
ro
CO
p—
0














C
0
•r—
4~>
(J
3
S_
4-J
00
c
o
0







U
ro

CO
CSJ







CJ
^
3
4^
^-~
3
U
•r-
^.
CD
<







U
ro

CSJ




oo
ro
at
^
ro

a>
cn
03
^
o
4_i
LO
1 —
o'

,3-
o
t—
>
CO
o
r—
X
PO
CO

oo
4-J
0
p^

cn
.^
r*i

T3
QJ
>
ro
a.
c
•^
                                                                                                O :
                                                                                                O  ^3 I  O
                                                   C-3C

-------






















o:
ZD
00
UJ

a:
—-1
o
0/1

1—
2H

o
Q_

























00
OJ
ro
C
• f— >•}
i.
O
o
<~>
2: x
i—
ID
C
~O ro
C S-
3 ro
3
CT
i
QJ »
O QJ
Jo •"£
•*-> 00
00
0 C


>> 0
C oo 5;
o cr o-
•£ o
• £ -
E •— C.
LU QJ O/O
> ) —
OJ
i —






QJ
E
ro
C
^
^"^
^
ro
O.








s_
QJ
c E

ro

en
c:
• r-
4.3
ro
s_
OJ
QJ
CJ3

ro
r^j
O
;3
"*"



r—



CTi
ii>

^
on
00


oo
o
CM
"^

oo





-—
•*



ro





,3-









•r-
O

C
o
4-J
O
o


TD
O
s~
D-



CM



OO
0
CM
OO


10
OO
CM
^

CM





r-^
<-



,3.





vo









O
o

en
^
•i —
^
CL
^
^.
c~
4^
S-
O




00



co
o
CM
00


0
OO
CM
^

CM





OO
r-



, —





,_





r—
OJ
>
i-
"O
p~
ro

T3
C
ro
OO

^j
QJ
^~
, —
ro




<*



00
o
CM
ro


CO
00
CM
1 —

CM





r--
i-



, —





, 	




Q.
SB.
O
C_j
en
+J
QJ

i_
ro
S
oo
—
i-
QJ
E
i.
ro




uo



f^-
CTl
r— .
OO


«c-

C
t— t
f\
C
• r-
0

0
o
;3
*"



r~-



CO
CO
r—
OO


co
<~o
OJ
^

CM





LT>
OO



, —





, 	









00
00
QJ
t^_
Q.
E
O
CJ

f-~
ro
S-
QJ
-a
OJ
u.



co



-—
o
CXJ
VD
00


1^
«^.
CM
^

CM





i—
CM



CO





U3
r—



>^
C
rO
Q.
O
QJ
Q.

0.

U
O
i-~
CD

^_>
OO
CD
CO



01

C-31

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 7)
SAROAD code - 05052CG03
Location - 225 Chester Avenue
UTM coordinates - 316.6  3914.4
Monitor height - 35 feet
Topography - no special terrain
Localized sources, within 20C ft of monitor -
Source

Chester Avenue


2nd Street
          Distance

           45 feet


          175 feet
     Description

Paved commercial 4
lane street, 18150
ADT
Paved residential
street, 100 ADT
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual  arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
  No. of samples
 TSP    IP    PM
F01
F01
A07
A07
A07
1982
1983
1980
1981
1982
125.9
103.2
221.5
118.2
87.4
0
0
160.6
63.6
50.3
0
0
0
0
0
37
20
8
30
17
0
0
4
25
20
0
0
0
0
0
                                                                            10
                                     C-32

-------
      r,., p; f
        'M
One mile radius around 225 Chester Avenue, Bakersfield, California.  (Site 7)
                                C-33

-------
 QJ
4-!

OO
o
oo
           co
01
           s-
           CJ
           to
           QJ
          ID
          CM
          CM
           CJ
          *->
          • r—
          1/5




S_
>>
C
O
4-J
s_
o
.*->
l_!
CJ
l/<
>>
uO
C
C
u~,
H-


«s
•+•
•f"
5
^.
(.
d

^_
^
O
t—
cr\
CO
i —
to

LTJ
•a-
ro
rx_
—
~>
i
- O)
. 4->
- n3
J S_
J
Source category













z
o
1 —
0
CO
PO
r^
O
rv.
O
(»^
o
P-.
o
CM
0
CM
0
CM
C
CM
O
CM
o

Residential fuel
«3-
0
O
0
O
,_
0






QJ
3
M-
T3
C
^
5
c_:
r-»
r^.
^r
r--
<3-
»a-
•=3-
1 —

o

Incinerators
•a-
o
CM
O


CM
0






s-
<
fC
ce













H-
u~>
^>
Q
UJ
>•
h—
c:
LJ_
LD
o
CM
O


ro
O





o
fO
p^
(/>
•o
s_
fO
>>
-o
re
O
s_
r3
cr
0^
ID
CTl
«3-
«a-
cn
cn
00
UD
LT5
r^.

CO
«3-
^
CM
r—
^
CTi
CM
C^
O
oo
CTl
to
U3
LO
1 —
s:
>.
o
o
X
00
CO
to
4->
QJ
O!
S-
_>
l/l
c
r;

ro
O
X
CM
Unpaved rds/alleys
CO
«a-
ro
O
•3-
r-"
-
01
0
CM
O
•=3"
O
CM

ro
O
u
(t3
<3-
CO
ID
Cleared areas
•sr
0
CM
p^


P-»
CM




O
ys
u
ro
co
ro
Construction













QJ
S_
J_>
3
O
s_
cn

oo
0
X
oo
r- »
to
•(->
O
cn
j*:
Q.
-o
OJ
>
0
Q.
C
=3
^
o
1—


cr.
i
to


ID
1
CM




CO
»
CM
r—

CM
O">


•=3-
CM

r-.
O

CO
.
LO
CM
ID
1 —
CM

CO
O
0
CT.
to
CM
to

•
px^
CO
ID
O1
,_J
CO
oo

00
CTi
00
00
to
                                                                                                                o  rr   ~
                                                           C-34

-------
r^
 a>

co
o
co
         QJ
         OJ
         4->
         CO
         O)
         JZ
         O

         LO
         CM
         CM
          CJ
         4->

         CO













i_

c
o
4-J
^
s_
o
u
o
L'i
>,
LO
c
c
•'-
c'".
I."*
—
1

a
.£"
c~





>
4-
4-
l_.

















•^
O


CTi



co



i —



LO



LO



«C"





OO



CM


i — i

•)
OJ
ro
i-



>^
i_
O
CD
CJ

ro
t_J

CJ
LJ
L_
^2
o
CO
















































. •
•^r
o
>— i
I—

~~)
cc
^~~
c^
"->
o
oo

LO
,
o

LO
•
o

LO
•
o

LO
o



CM
0

CM

0



CVJ
•
o

CM
•
o
CM
O






CD
^3
I, 	

, —
ro
-! 	
*->
C
o
-^
.f—
(J-l
CJ
c:
^
O


,
o


•
o


•
0

,-.
0





























1 —
CJ
^3
(^ 	

-o
c
| 	 4
"•s^
E

6

LO
LO

o

r—

O

r—

o
•
^—

0
I—



oo
o

OO

0



OO
<
o

oo
•
0
^
o









to
i-
o

ro
i_
C.'
c
• f—
(_)
c
t—t
^
o

C\J

o









CVJ
o


































s_
., —
f^
•^^
1 — -
-1 —
H3
cc.













































• •
»—
cr>
~^
f~7)

UJ
^>-
r— <
1 —
1— '
CD
^
U_
oo
o
"•
r— •
.
O









CM
0























o
ro

^


1/1
-o
c
ro
>^

"^O
re
o
S-
, —
-1 —
re
o:
co
OO
CM
*>
.
CO
LO
LO
(
oo
OO

•
O*i
•=3-
r^
LO
LO


LD
LO

CM
.
co
r—


CM
•
CO
1
o
*
o
r—
OO
oo
1 —
>
o
0
X
oo
CO



to
•4-J
a>
CJ
s^.
4-J
LO

CZ
C^
o
r—
10
^.
o






•
o


•
o

,—
o



r—
O

















1—
s:
OO
0
X
CM
OJ
r^
r—
ro
•^^^
in
~r^3
S-

~o
o
>
re
C.
c
^
LO
CM

CM
.
O


•
o

LO
•
o

LO
0



-;
o

CM

O



f«.
1
o




CM
O

ra

CO
LO



LO
ro
CJ

O
~^
t_
4-1
in
r~
O
0
















































CJ
s-
^
4— *
i 	
Z5
U
,f_
i_
^"}
<














































LO

re
Q.
C
^


J-
^>
4_J
O
-I-5
(__)
CJ
in
c
O
to
m
E
UJ



rO
0
r—


CTi
1
^.O


LO
i
CM



1—1


C.
re
LJ
rS


«*
Cl


co
.
LD


O
CM


LO
CD


sr
CD
•— '
CO
CO

CTi
00
o
00

CM
•
1 —
r—
CM
CM
LO
LO


LO
LO
OO
LO
O

1 —
^
F

oo
CO
oo

o
(
^J-
CM
CM
CM
LO


r-
r-^
oo
I




•z
                                                           C-35

-------
l/l
! cv
"TO
c
1 "°
s_
o
o
u
s: x
Z3
C
T3 "3
C S-
3
cr
01 •
o o>
_£ -^
1/1


coountor^LncOLncTiroLO
to to to to co to co r— to p™ i —
CTi CTi O1 O1 CTi CTi O*i CJ1 CTi CTt O1
rororororororororororo


*3-totocoror— CMr~-r-.mro
rotOi — «3-*3-o«3-cocriroco
ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro


•=J-0-<3--a-*3-«3-er — 0-^J-r-




LO ^D ^3* CO CD CO *"~" ^>O ^O t**^ ^O
c\j r— co r— co ^ ro ^f ^j* *3* *&


c\j LD ^r
i— CO CO
CTi O^ CTi
ro ro ro


>a- ur> CM
r^ to «3-
ro ro ro


r- <*f -3-




ro ro CTi
•=3- CM CM


CO
to
CTi
ro


ro
ro
ro


"*




0
CM
| ro -f-
>S! __
O C
l+-
^
' C "on ~~~~^
O ^ Cl.
. (-\
IS:
= ' — C_
' LiJ O tO
01 '~


i


GJ
r—
d
^^
"t—
^
i"O
f—
} Q.
;







O!
^-J _C
LD O <3" CO O C^ *— ^O "*O
C\Ji — ro r— ro <^- ro «?r ^j-

^^^rfv>^^J;-i00r^
T*^. r**«. ^^ CO **O ro r— CD r-H.
ro c\j LO co uD ^T CO
'
roc-— ooro«3"C\jf«
SSSm§"S3^




en
E
Ul C 0
Qj •*"• C7> C^J
•i- 4- C
CD ^- GJ *r~ P™"
E T3 CS C -r-
•r- C -i- O
C 3 C <+-
tJ -r- O 'P— O1 Q- -M
c ^ u. 3 o: s- m
0. i-i O> O" O TO
s_ a: u ra -o o o
o * •r~ o c o uj
(_> O >^ "<— *~3 ro O
O •*-> "P^ r— (J 4-> oC
(ju*Juc:ci/ii/5
5:-f-aJroro3OOiC3
i— i m o D. oo oo i — so.

P**^ Lp (^
^3- >3- •=}•

Ct> LO r* —
CM rr r-^
«^f-

c; co co
** ^ In




>.
—
O)
c
• p—
U-
p— Ol
ro Q:
u

H l-O ro
O) ZD CJ
-c ca
C_) d
o c
r— S- O)
•<->-&
.O O) p^
0^:0
5T <_3 CJ3

ro
CM


O


P—
0









•
o


r—
•r-
o

o;

03

ca

CTl
CM

r-.
r^
ro

O
•5-



ro
r_
CD
GJ
?~)
•»— •
tl

•o
CU
•4~>
fO
•o
•p—
r^
O
in
c
O
u

to
CM

C\J
0


CM
C^


o
CD
c
£1
4-
Oi
f^

Og3

i— »
•p—
O

c
0
(/)
{"}
• fm*
C3

p—  CM  ro
                in  to
                            CO  CTl
                                            CM  ro
                        C-36

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE   (Number  8)
SAROAD code - 050840003
Location - 401 Main Street, Brawley, CA
UTM coordinates - 637.1  3649.6
Monitor height - 26 feet
Topography - no special  terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Main Street
Fourth Street
          Distance

          132 feet
          147 feet
    Description

Paved, 15200 ADT
Paved, 2500 ADT
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, ug/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
 No. of samples
TSP    IP    PM
101
101
1982
1983
145.4
143.9
0
0
	 iU
0
0
25
9
0
0
0
0
                                                                            10
                                   C-37

-------
    ^
    '  /


^
./• v^ •.
             200''^'    199 *'3
                  1     X'   //
                                                                          BRAWL

                                                                        I  MUNICI

                                                                         -.AIRPOF
                                                                 124
12
 One  mile radius around  4th and Main Streets, Brawley  Post Office.  (Site 8)
                                    C-38

-------
CO

CL)



00



>-
UJ
o
a:
ZD
o
00
cr:

4-
•r-
>
4-
i_
<

r-
o
i—

cn

CO
-
-
UO
•a*
00
CM
i — 1
O
i
• CD
- ro
> S-
>
Source category














0
1—
LT,
O
CO
CM
sr
CM
*±
CM
•=3-
CM
CM
O
0
o
o
CO
o

Residential fuel
00

CM
O
CXI
O
CM
O
CM
O
O
o
5
o
CD

CU
3
C
O
O
Cn
^
«•
00
<3-
00
OO
00
CO
CD
co
o
co
c
d
^

Incinerators
CM





UO
O
UO
O


O
0


S-
•r—
e£
Cc:














FUGITIVE DUST:
CM
*




OO
OO


UO
OO

u
ro
CO
OO
00
s_
•a
o
-1 —
ro
a:
r-
CM
OO
VO
UO
00
cn
CM
CM
O
CM
<£>
LO
°\
^
0
OO
CM
s:
o
X
CM
CM
Clean streets
rx.
UO
UD
CM
CO
CM
O
00
VO

o
_
o
00

I—
OO
0
x:
CM
Unpaved rds/alleys
sf
UO
UD
^
r^
00
UO
CM
CO
CM
CM
CO
CO
CM
CO
LT>
UO
^.
ro
CO
0
CTi
ro
QJ
-o
Oi
ro
O>
O
UO
co
cn
CM
CO
00
c*
u->

CO





ro
UO
Construction
,«•
-
r—
cn
CO
CM
CM
00
OO
CM





ro
O
OO
OJ
s_
3
3
U
•r—
i-
cn
r—



OO
o

CO
0





u
ro
UO
UO
Storage areas
CO
UO
^
r~
«3
O
^°.
CO
r-.
00
O
CM
O
CM
CM
UO
CM
O
H;
>•
OO
CD
X
ro
LO
o
r—
cn
CL
"C!
Ol
ro
Q.
C
ZD



^
S-
o
4_)
u
O)
00
•°
0

LO
LO
UJ


ro
i >
O
I—


CTl
1
vo


LT)
|
CM



-


c-
o,
ci

cx
00.
or

c:

UO
CM


CX

**o



c\


2!I
o
p
oo
•— -^
CM
r^*
co
CO
OO

0
00
p^«

00

CM
OO
1

«3-
CM
OO
^
>
>— 1
^
LJ_
^
O
CM
cn
00
i
UO
UO
f-^

in
•
co
OO
'

UD
CXi




ro
O
1 —
                                                         C-39

-------










j
1
i
i




co*
OJ
oo
ARLA SOURCE SUMMARY

















OJ
's
S-
0
_^f
1





s_

c
o
-t-J
c
u
CJ


LT)
,_

^ '
CNJ
—
->
J
- QJ
J S-
.>
O
CJ
ro
o
o

















o
i —
o
^-
CTl
CO
co
^
co

co
r~
^.
o
-

^
•
o
o

aj
3
i/:
c;
cs:
00

CM
O
CM
o
CM
O

CM
0
^
o
.
CD

r—
o
o
_
o

QJ
-o
C.
o
vo
oo
LO
CM
LD
CM
CM

«5
CM
LO
O
LO

o
o
CO

Incinerators
CM




LO
O

LO
O




5
0


S-
•r-

















K—
oo
UJ
i —
u_
o
CM



CO

rx
00




en
2

o
co
P-
oo
I/I
s_
ro
re
O
CC
O
CO
oo
00
-a-
^
CO
us

LO
CTv
^
O
CM

•
CT>
uo
oo
t—
5»
,O
O
CM
CM
Cloon streets
co
CO
IT)
UO
*~
LO

CM
r-.
00




0
CM

h-
r>
0
CM
Unpaved rds/alleys
^.
00
ro
oo
CM
CT>
1
ro

sO
r~~
cn
O
O">

CM
cc
CM
O
U
oo
0
cr>
re
CJ
i.
ro
-o
o
re
CM
CM
Lf>
ro
d
«.
00
CM


LO
co
LO







(J
ro
LO
Construction
,_
CM
CO
LO
co
01
•^

ro
cm







O
oo
QJ
3
U
LO
O

,—
0


^.
0







u
ro
LO
i/i
ro
OJ
ro
QJ
en
CO
co
co
o
oo
o
CTl
o'

«g-
•*
CM
0


CM
CO
0
r—
O
t—
•o
o
X
ro
1/1
O
cn
Q.
CJ
Q.
C























0
0
ID
l/>

l/l
C
o
1/1
UJ


;-,_
^





ro
o
I—


i


LO
1
OJ











LO
LO


•a-
CTi


^





*—
i—




co
CM


ro
00


00


2

£
h-





OO
CO


CTl
00


1 —


•
LD


~ (
f \
t


C-40

-------























QL
2:
21
IT)
LU
C )
Ci
O
I/O

I—
z
*— -*
o
D-


























O)
"re
C
>f"~ ^>
s_
o
o
o

s: x
i —
_j

c
™O *"O
C S-
3
cr
•r—
E
^J •>
<_> O)
£Z *4~*
t/>
•i- E
(^ O

>» o
c i^ 2:
o c: d.
••- 0
•r— •*
E r~~ Q
UJ O> CO
> H-
O)
r^








Ol
c

•M
C
^^
0-








S-
cu
-M ^2
C E
ro 3

T
CNJ
^>
OO



CNJ

r>^
00
<*o

00




to
^



en
CNJ
CNJ


CNJ
Lfi
OO



c:
• r—
CJ3

^
Q_
s_
3
5^

T3
S-
_2
(J
S-
re
CO

r~
U
i-
3
r*
°





r^
oi
^«
OO



en

OO
^>
to

CNJ




O
^




en
LD


en
c>
en









•^

>^
cu
's
re
en

1/1
s_
OJ
5
O

O



CNJ

00
to
ID
OO



O

OO
OO
ID

•=»•




en
^




r^
^3"


en
CNJ
r^v








c:
0
c
o

o
(_}
w
—
s-
0)

c
re
, —
C-



00

l~~-
en
^j-
10
OO



f^
.
PX»
OO
to

00




00
o



in
o



LO
0



o
'r—
S-
^->
l/l
o

0
4_)
re
01
•r—
S-
1-1
r—
re
•r—
S-
QJ
CL
E




^
C-41

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE  (Number 9)
SAROAD code - 051295001
Location - Tower Road, N.  of China Lake, CA
UTM coordinates - 442.2  3951.8
Monitor heiaht - 6 feet
Topography - dry lake bed
Local-'zed sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source                             Distance                      Description

Tower Road                         120 feet                    Paved, 100 ADT
Exposed ground                  Completely sur-                Dry lake bed;
                                rounding monitor                 no vegetation
Air quality data -

                          Annual arithmetic mean, ug/m3       No. of samples
Monitor   Year           TSP           IP           PM.n     TSP    IP    PM
101
101
1982
1983
25
2S
.6
.0
0
0
	 1U
0
0
52
31
0
0
0
0
                                                                            10
                                     C-42

-------
One mile radius around China Lake. (Site 9)
                                 C-43

-------
































en

OJ
•^
LO
>-
S
s
— ^
CO

LU
r<
Z3
O
co

«£
UJ









!
•
•



















i
I
)





GJ
ro
•^

ro
C
I !e
0
i
! • .
CJ
+-J
1 £
I






S-
c
o
+->
O
4-J
LJ
OJ
LO

-^
CO

c
IT
'


	
—
Lu
£_
LO






5


•r-
f
L.
<3













ro
O
1 —

CT>
cc
-
u,


LO




^






ro


CNJ

1—1


->
j

- OJ
» ^_J
- ro

J


£>
O
CT1

ro
0
o;

^_
— ^
c










































•z.
0
1 —

— '>

~^-
o







































GJ
3
4-

ro
• r—
C
O
-o
• r—
CO
CJ
ce.








































r_
OJ
3

C

•v.^
c:
^
O









































CO
s_
O

£
o>
c
• r^
U













































.Jr
^c
-"-^^
i—
.^.
j5







































, .
(—
CT)
Q

UJ
1— ^
I—
1— 1
0
:=>
u.




•


































CO
^j
^
03

T3
ro
O
W
^_
• f-v
ro
o:

LO
o


o
o

o












^—
.
c



r-
<~>


t—

ro
o

X
ro
^


CO
4^
OJ
OJ

to

c
ro
QJ







































&
, 	
ro

T3
S_
•o
OJ
>
ro
Q.
C

ro
,_|!
OO
oo
1 —
CM
LO
CM
10
CM
CM

^^
LO




LO
1



r^
«
Lf)

r^
LO
r^
O
CM



LJ

CM
O



CO
to
QJ
ro
•3
CJ
^.
rO
OJ
O









































C
o
4->
tj
3
i.
4^
CO
C
o










































O)
3
^j
3
U
• r—
^.
cn








































CO
ro
QJ
S_
ro
QJ
CD
ro
i-
O
4—'







































O
r—

CD
Q.
T-,
OJ
>
rO
Q.
;§



i
O
•£
QJ
J3
CO
O
CO
CO
•r-
cr
UJ


ro
0
L—

CTi
1

LO
1
CM






Q_
ro
w
^













oo
00
OO
-;
LT>
CM
CTl
CM
LO

00
0
CM
oo
oo
oo
-
LO
CM
O1
CM

CO
0
CM
t
1
LO

z • a
C> ' ;
^— 1 1

LO | i— •
Z2 1 —

£

-
C-44

-------
CTi

 QJ
>-
a:
<:
UJ
l_3
a:
o
UO
a:
         OJ
         ^
         to
o



 OJ
4->

LO









S-
c
o

*
o
0
CD
">>
00
• i—
on
00
! — 1

£


^"
G-




3
o
r—
CTi


CO




UD




uo





ro











































i

















































i

ex,



•r- QJ
•^ rrj
4-> S-
O
t£


>^
i_
O
CD
QJ
4^
13
U

CJ
U
S—
Z3
O
CO














. •
P?"
O

h-

~
r-.—
*-
^^
C->












,_
CJ
^
w-

r—
<"CJ
., —
^_>
£=
CJ
~^
>r_
tn
QJ
CC












r—
G^
^2
<^_

"X3
C

"^^_
P-
£i
C

















(/)
S-
o

(^
i_
a>
c
•r—
O
c
•— .









































".















Lf)
•
O
o

, 	
o



r-
o


























CSJ
•
o
CTi
OO
CTi
,_!
00
CTl
ro
CTi
,_!
OO

o

CO
0
co




















1 i

























i—
-(—
(^
•—^ 	
r
•f—
r^
o:














• •
t—
CO
"~*^
O

LU
^>
1 	 4
H-
*— t
CJ3

La_



_
.
o


i
t














i/>
-o
i-
ro
>^

-o
re
O
s-
^
.,_
re
c;
, —
d
h-
s:
-o
o
X
ro
i —




oo
4-J
QJ
CJ
^_
4-J
LO

^
rz
0
r—
O








I/)
QJ
i —
i —
ro
"^^
in
T3
s.

~C;
CJ
>.
re
cx
c
10




































1



O i
. 1
CO





) 1



o
CO
UD
CD
o
ro
CXI
0




1/1
ro
CJ
s_
ro

~^3
CJ
S^
re
CJ
r—
"













c
o
•r-
4_)
0
Z3
i_
4-=
OO
C
C
0

'














a>
S—
33
-4—*
r—
^
(^
. p—
S^
^)
<












OO
ro
QJ
S-
ro

C
CT>
re
t
O
•4— >
CO




































CO
-4— )
O
f—

CD
N^*
CL

*O

H3
CL
d
^


>>
o
^_>
o
QJ
to
JD
O
00
•r—
E
UJ
•t-j
o
I—
CTi
1
!£>


LO
|
CXI
. — I

—
O
cc:














CD
1 —
13
S
i

•
0
0,
r*^
C\J
• —


r~
CXJ
o
u/~.
^^

•
0
CTi
r^
CXI
• —


*~~
CXJ
00
0


^
h- i —
i

                                                         C-45

-------
           V.

           C
           o
           o
                  c
              -a  03
              c  s-
              41   .

              U  QJ
              ro -i-

              •w  i/l
              ^2  C
        O  C    C-
O
D_
                            s_
                            0)
                            C
                            a>
 C




C-
                            en
                            C

                            §.
                            r

                            (O
                  OJ
              •t-J J3
               c  E
                                                       C-46

-------
DESCRIPTION CF SITE  (Number  10)
SAROAD code - 052240001
Location - 935 Broadway, El Centro, CA
UTM coordinates - 634.6  3629.1
Monitor height - 25 feet
Fopography - no special terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Broadway Avenue
9th Street
Main Street
          Distance

          115 feet
          195 feet
          200 feet
                         Description

                       Paved, 2500 ADT
                       Paved, 1000 ADT
                       Paved, 9140 ADT
Air quality data -


Monitor   Year


  101     1982
  101     1983
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP	IP	PMIO
122.6
 88.0
0
0
0
0
                      No. of samples
                     TSP    IP    PM
                                    •10
42
19
0
0
0
0
                                    C-47

-------
                :>_-.Nj^.EL CENT'RO
             ^^    I  " -T3. Imnena! Valley '
62
  One mile radius around  935 Broadway, El  Centre, California.   (Site 10)
                                 C-48

-------























i



















i











^
o

"
o
CJ
CJ
f)

>->
on
^
ro
4— >
o
1 —


cr.
co


r-.


Ifl




UT"}




i r~- ' ^r?"




1


ji


1







o
O)
to
DC
21

— i
LO

UJ

cc
~^
o
OO

el
UJ
C£
«=C









o
s~
4->
C
0)
o

r—
LU


. .
CJ
4_J>
•r—
OO
.,-
£
^
D.

£











CO





























co
CSJ
r—

.-j.
CSJ
CSJ

^<
CM

^f
CSJ



IX)
t
o


>x>

r-
r—


CSJ
0
CSJ
o

csj
d

CSJ
o



1 —
•
o


1 —

0 0

^
0

1

Cs.

LO
d

i '


i—.

•r- CJ
•i- ro
4-> S-
o



>^
^
O
CD
CJ

ro
O

CJ
0
s-
^
c
°"












. •
*^
O


CO
o





, 	
CD
^
^ 	

i —
rO
• , —
4_J
1— j C

—^
.' — .
*T"
o

CJ

•1 —
V.
CJ
c;
,—
o


, 	
d



1—
d








f—
CJ

'4

-o
c:
t__4
*-x^
^Z
r^
O
O
LT>
(•>»
^—

CO
ro
ro
ro

ro
ro

ro
ro



CO
•
o


CO

o

cc
cn
O






ro
O

IX)
O





































d


CO
d




1
"—
,_!









C/1
i^.
C


c~
•— '















i_
•I —
•c:

f-^
•i —
re
^
















. •
i—
CO
ID
O

UJ
^>
i~«
1 —
>— «
f n
— ^
u_
^.
ro
LO
•




^
i-s!
""
o
IX)
ro










Ol
un
i-O
ro
co
in
cr.
ro
^.
O
cr.
ro
in
oo


ro
•
r^*
CSJ

UD
^J-
CD


_
CO
r-*
CSJ
CT.

ro
ro
CSJ
r^
IX)



10
•
^f


CT.
• i •
r-.
CSJ













o
ro
*3-



uo
-o
i_
rO
^^

~T3
ra
0
i.
1 —
• f—
ro
o:
0

i
LO I CTi
•^j"
CSJ

in
•
CSJ


co
i —
ro
t—
LO
O
X
cn
LD




1/1
-M
QJ
GJ
S~
+J
1/1

c
ri
CJ
r—
CJ
w


ro
UD



«*
,_!

h-
ro
o
X
ro
*
CJ
i —
f—
ro
^x^
(/)
T3
i^

~o
CJ
>.
re
C.
c;
13
CSJ
CO

Csj
O
r_
2
r—
r^
ro
csj
^
CO

1

1X>
«
«^-
1 —

CSJ

01
'




LT)
un



r—
cr.

u
ro
cr.
cr.
CSJ




t/>
ro
OJ
i.
ro

"O
O
s_
ro
CJ
r—
CJ>













































c
o
• r—
4_>
LJ
^
i.
•4-J
1/1
r~
O
0
LT>
LT>






LD
LD






















































I





O
IX)






CJ
^_
^
4->
r—
*^
(_)
-r—
L_
CD
"^












ro
QJ
i.
ro

QJ
CD
ro
i_
O
4-1
CO
1 —
,_jl


^
d
CSJ
o

cn
o

, —
,_!



CSJ
.
0


, —

0

r^
0


_
O



r-~.
o

i—
o
X
CTI


LO
4_J
O
r—

cn
^^
CL

-o
CJ
>.
ro
CL
c~

C-49



s_
$_
o

QJ
l/l
00
c
O
•i —
E
LJ


•5
o
i —

cn
i


LD
1
CSJ
, — 1




rT
vJ
C

LD
csj
CO

UO

CSJ

0
VO
0
r^j

1
_

co'
ro



LD
CSJ
LD

O
S
0
cr.
"^
H—
CO
^
0 "~
•—I 1 tr-.-l
i —
^
S 5
^0
d


«X)

cr,
LD

O
O
O
,_!
LD





-

-------
o
ARY
AREA SOURCE
       o
       CD
        0












^
c
o

"
s_
o
0
LO

00
c

• ^
u"i
^
~
.5
f—
^T~
*~~





5
4.

4-
(•
C
















"^
•4— '
o
i —


Cn


CO


r~


to




in



"C"





r-.





1 — '

*•»
J
- GJ
J i-
.)




>^
s_
o

CJ

ro
O

O
*;
C


















































. •
"ZZ.
o

(_

*^"
s

^.
CTi


00
r—

CO
,_°

cc
r—

co
,_



^
.
0

*^-

o




c.
V
-o
00
0
C£

m
,_!


CM
o

CM
O

CM
O

CM
O




.
O

1— ••

0



I—
cs

•—
o

r_
0











p—v
CJ
3
l+-

•o
c
"V.
s
o
(_)

CM
oo
r-"

un
CM

in
CM

in
CM

in
CM





o

to
.
o



to
o

VO
0

co
o












CO
J-
c
4->
ro
S-
CJ
c
l_>
c





















































t_
>r.
<
^:
cc















































* •
I —
CO
~~^
Q

UJ
^^
1 —
0
u_

p.
rv
c\
".






CT
oc

^
cc
pw






















0
ro
CT.
"*




CO
T3

ro
>^

-a
ro
O
s_
•r—
re
cs:

oo
en
0
CM
o
r*-.
CM
q.
00
CM
CO
ro
ir>
CO
O
CM



.
to

oo
.
to
r—


•53"
'
•
CM
2

OO
CM
CM
^
to
O
^
CTl
in





CO
4->
QJ
CJ
V.
4->
l/l
C
re
o
C_J

^.
CT.
CO

CO
r^

CM
in

o
oo
r~
00
CO



to

CM

in

C3



r^.
CM

in
oo

co
o

l —
s:
>
ro
O
X
r«s»
OO
CO
>,
OJ
r—
r—
ITJ
•^^^
CO
-o
i_

-o
OJ
>
re
C±
C.
•=>

in
to
CM
1
CT.
O
CM
•=3"
co

r—
C\J
r^~
CO
o
*«o



.
^

cc
.
CT.






CC
CM

to
^


o
CTl
CTl
CM





CO
ro
O>
^.
ro

"O
O
s_
re
CJ
J3

















































c
o
• r—
^->
o
^
!_
4-^
CO
c:
o
(_>

to
CM








0
CM



























CJ

10







CJ
s-
^3
4->
r—
O
i-
cn
















































CO
ro
QJ
S_
ro

OJ
cn
ro
s_
c
4—'
CO

r-. !
OJ


^
C5

^
O

in
C

^>
O




(
o

J —
.
0



^J-
o

, —
o

^
o

1 —
-o
0
X
01



oo
-(->
O
»^

cn
^^
Q.

T3
QJ
ro
a.
.§




s_
4_»
O

0
OJ
00
>->
-Q
00
C
O
• r—
00


rO
O
1—


1


LO
1
CV!

^

CTl
00
CM

O

co

•3-


-
00
oo'
0
«3"
CM

r-.
C50
CM

O
^J
CT.
CM
j
CM
CNJ
OO
•=3-
CM

O
OO

•3-
^J
cn
CM

                                                                            i  O
                                         C-50

-------
oo


UJ
O

OO
o
D_
QJ
+-J
E
-o
s_
o
o
o
•r

— j














E l/l
C E
••- 0
l/l 4-1
l/i
LiJ CJ
O)





























x



-
C i.
i- T3
2 ro
3
CT
•r-
E

^J-
CM
OO


UD
CTi
CNJ
UD

OO








00
^

un
i —


, —
•sr
CM

1/1
s_
QJ
CJ
^
T3
O
Q_

E
O
.fj
0


ro
• i—
S_
cu
Q.
E
i — t


O
oo
CM
00


f*»
r^
oo
uo

CNJ








O
CM

CO
CD
{O
t —

o
*3-
-
u
S-
^ ^
to
• f—
/ 1

o
•T—
•>->
ro
cn
•i—
s_
1— 1

ro
•r-
^_
QJ
Q.
E
t— H


I—
CTi
CM
OO


ID
UO
OO
^D
CM
^








CM
i—

CM
i —


uo
CM
OO







o
CJ

cu
4—)
O)
i_
E
0
'-'
c
0
to
S-
CJJ




OO










C~
QJ
cn
o
-t-J
•'"

>,
QJ

^~
re


i —
01
CM
00


r—
^
OO
^*o










^•O
r—

CTi
CT
cc


CO
CTi
^r






•*/
o


"^
C*
ra
-o
E
ro

>^
a>
LO
CO
(O


r—
CTi
CM
to
00


UO
>JD
OO

CM
"








CM
r-

o
CM



0
,3-






LO
C"
0
OO

-o
^
ro

i-
O)
E
E
a_

.
^—

a'

rc 3


C^
                    r—  CM  OO
                                         C-51

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE  (Number  11)
SAROAD code - 05268C001
Location - 14838 Foothill  Blvd., Fontana, CA
UTM coordinates - 455.8  3773.1
Monitor height - monitor no longer in place
Topography - no special terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Foothill Blvd.
Unnamed road
Unnamed road
          Distance

          117 feet
           72 feet
           72 feet
     Description

Paved, 13COO ADT
     Unpaved
     Unpaved
Air qua!ity data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
  No.  of samples
 TSP    IP    PM
101
101
1980
1981
129.3
142.9
0
0
	 	 •• iu
0
0
51
56
0
0
0
0
                                                                            10
                                    C-52

-------
\
                                                              • c
  One mile  radius  around  14838  Foothill  Blvd.,  Fontana.   (Site  11)
                                  C-53

-------
O)
4-J

on
C_3
ta:
o
00
o:
ra
c
03
4->

O
         CO











5_
^
C
o

-
O
0
c
01
>>
-
•^~
--
-


c.

1







>
.,_
>

4-
c.
<
















, 	
fO
o
1 —
en


co



r^



VO



CO






m




CM





"I
j
- CJ

- ro
j i_
J


>^
S_
O
CD
CJ

nr
t_J

C'

£_
— «
o


















































. .
2T
0

1 —

	 s
~-
-T-
c


1 —
,_I



^
»
o

^
o









CM
o

CM

c'







CM
0








r—
CJ
Z3


i~
f—
•f—
+_;
C

73
•r-
L"
O
Ci















































i—
GJ
z:
M-

T3
C

-^^_
p:
^
5


CO
,J



^
•
o

^
0









CM
o

CM

O







CO
o












t/i
i-
c

r^
S_
CJ
j^
>f_
^
f~
~~

ro
0




•
0

C\J
0








































t_
•r-
^C
•v^^
^_
•f—
r—
cz














































. .
I—
CO
~^
0

UJ
^»
H-^
i 	

C_3
~^
1 —

r-.
CM
•


O

r_

^
^



























LJ
03

cn
"


00
•^3
s_
fQ
5>^

-o
rr
o
s_
^_
., —

eu
cy
S-
4— >
01

C
rz
CJ
r—
*-*

co
^j!
**"
^.
o
V£)
•
in
r~*
r^
CO
'

O
CM










..^







CM
,_J

1—
ro
0

X
rv*
CM
00
CJ
r—
r—
ro
^~^
on
~^
s_

-3
O
>
'w
C.
r~
0

cr.
CM



U3

0

U3
, 	










0

ro

Q







ro
O



U
T3

r-.
CM



I/)
ro
QJ
S»
ro

^rj
CJ
i_
fl3
CJ
i —
0
















































C
o
«r—
4->
U
^
s_
4_J
00
C
o
0

r-
^1
•a-



•
^»

, 	
,-jI


CM
O


r"-
o
CO





CD
^—


«>
^-4-
un

r~-
o
CO

u
^

CM
r-—
CM





o>
u.
3
•^J
r—
3
(_j
•r-
^_
CT

r3
?•"
C
=


i-
^?
S-
o
4~)
O
CJ
on
00

^
1
E
LU
O
1 —



en
i
V^)



un
i

->

„
IT
C
:r-


CO
CO



un
•
CM



co

o
LO
O

CM
CM
0
CO

en
•
r^.
CO
•

CM
•
^
-
1—
O
l£)
0
CO

^>
•
o

r~~

o
*
co
i
1
2- 1 i

1 — >
CO
•r- •—
o ' 5 "c i
"-"
'' — : '
                                                          C-54

-------
 QJ
4->


00
o:
o
oo
UJ

Ci
           ro

           C
 c
 o
U-









£>
o
^
s-
o
c;
CO

CO
c:
-r~
O
t —



co





VJO






^

CO
[3
,—


i °~>
O





CS.



•r- QJ

• i — f3
i) j__
(j
^

>^
i.
o
C75
CJ

ro
(_>

CJ

s_
^
o
00




















,
r—



un
O

ro
O








CM
0























CM

















. •
:y
0

I —
c>o
— -
d^
;~
O
<->
0



CM
o







GJ
^3
V-

r—
rc
• j —
-i >
t —
O

., —
CO
CJ
CX
















r—
CJ
3


-c
C
>— i
^^
^
p:
C
<->

, —



un
CD

ro
O








CM
O


CSJ
O



CSJ
CD










in
j_
O
4— J
rO
i_
CJ
C
., —
o
c~
»— •
00
o



r—
0

CM
O





















































i-
• r—
e^
^ — ^
, —
.,—
r^
c^















• •
t—
OO
1
CD

UJ
^>
i— «
r—

d>
3
Li-
w
r-^
•


un
o'

CT5
0




















o
^

TD
d
O
^
, —
•f—
T-
a:
^*o
, —
ViO


un
r—
CM
CO
CO
CM
r-!






ro
IX)


un
CM
CM
O
^
CO

f^
^
^
U3










0
un



CO
CO
s:
X)
0
T^
X
f^^




10
4_3
CJ
CJ
^_
4-J
CO

C
o
a
f—
o
1—
,_



r^.
o
i —
CO
o
r—
X
r^
CM
en
O)
f—
f—

(^5
C
c
t-5
CTi
^
1X3


co
r—

CO
•—
VD
«^


en

00





CTi
^jl

2
CM
r^
00
0
ro

CM

CM





OJ
s_
3
4-J
i 	
^3
O
• ( —
s_
cr>
<
^
O



^
0

OO
0





















OO
CO
CD



,—
0

l 	
CD
un
o










r—
o





I—
ro
o

X
un
CO
4-)
O
r—

cr>
^K;
o.

~o
ru

rc
CL
c:
^>
C-55'


i-
>~>
o
OJ
CO
C
O
•r-
in
E
UJ


ro
4-*
0
1 —
en
i


U.O
i
CSJ


1—1


5"
CJ
cs:

•—
OO

CO
CO

IX)
.
1X5
un
co
ro
CSJ
i
[ _^
\ — i —

-------
00
QJ
"re
E
•r~
T3
i-
O
O
U
s:
t—
=






'







^^





X


c s-
r- -0
3 ^0
3
CT
i
QJ -
O QJ
C +->
rq -r-
to ^


?" ^3" ^f
^3- o- *r «d- ^- ^r ^r
ro ro ro ro ro ro ro







O «s- O LO O o O
CM CM LO i — LO LO LO


CM CM CM CM O
ro ro ro ro O
r**»* r**^- r*1** r*1^ r***
p"». r^ r^. r^« r*«*
ro ro ro ro ro


CM CM CM CSJ CO
c*\ o^ cr» o^ CD
^r ^f ^j* ^j" LO
o- «* -a- -a- -=3-
ro ro ro ro ro







O O O O CO
•3- «3- - '•
z
3; i i-
"/° ;' . \ •-•
! 	 | ,' C -^ 21
(_) I, o =: c_
a: il •— o
O ,, s> \
'' = ' ^^
^ ! L~^ ^ | 	
.— i QJ
O , i—
0. !
!


I

i



GJ

ro
' ^

! * >
II =

' r*
|

j
j.




II
i
s_
Q;
4-J J3
1 J5 |
C- __




^ — ID CFi O O r — . O LO
cnrorocMCMLO, — o
ro ro CM
r^. ^j~
CM
OOOOOOOuO
' — ' CD *3" C*^; csj c^") ' — CD
•3" P^~ ro
cr> ^r
CM



•o
ro
>^
r~.
• r—
ro
DC
00
QJ c —
•r- QJ
S_ QJ
O 4-> 4->
C_i 00 • OO
3 U
r— e •— coo-ac:s_
GJ O QJ ro ^^ £Z *^^ GJ
QJ 00 QJ O ro — i 00
4-3 '^ 4-J 4-J QJ T—
oo"aoo»— cji^+J ro
UJ ro 5C o O ^£
i. c c o u
QJ O O ro S H3 Li_
OOO I. -i- +J JC i-OO
•r- QJ 4-> 00 O Q. oS
ro • E ro *^~ O 3 h~"
^ooearzTS.arooet


i — CMro«3-LOioP~.co





•— —

ro
O
QJ 4J
4-> 00
ro ro
— J 1 	
c_
r— •
T3 f^
5- t_5
QJ 1
d O
QJ O
CD 00


cn o





T O
LO r—



LO i —
Lf"/ i~™





cn
•r—
00
• r—
C
•r—
L_

ro
• r—
C
SH.
O

r— QJ
re Nl
C^5 £
0
C i-
S- CQ
QJ .

•*-> c
3i—i oB
O
OO O


i — CM





—
o • • "• • • *"•
O CM i — CD CM CM
CO i—

^- CC
	 * ^ ^^ ^"^ ^"*' **^ ^*
C^ CM ' — O CM CT\
,_







>^ G"i
C C
fD •!-

• £ P—
t3 0 0 —
s- c_s cj s:
ro
>i QJ C T3
 U_ !- 4J C
O fC -i-
CJ S_ U_ Q3 ro
~O QJ 1 S-
•i- 00 U C tD
co oo *f~ O O
-^ o o u- i/i U o
§O i — •!- C X C
E 4= O 4= O) -r-
i. ro U ro O «— -C
CO 1 — OO D- ^ O- <_5


po ^^ LO *^D r*"1" cO O^

C-56

-------






















>_
00
UJ
O
a:
ID
O
oo

1 —
,__,
o
O_



































co
CJ
"no
C
•i — >}
-a
S-
o
0
o
El X
I —
c
C S-
2 ro
CT
•f—
E
0) •>
(J QJ
C 4->

^J t/1
LO
•f— r~
•r- t
C^ O
; i-
t. 	
>> 0
c co s:
c c c.
•r- C
CO 4->
CO

E r— G-
i ' i QJ OO
> H-
QJ
r—












QJ


_

t ,
f~


^









S-
a;
-(-> J3
c E

cl ^


0 0
0 O
p** P^
r*^ r***
00 OO


co co
o o
S 5

00 00





CO CO
00 00


CM td"
O 00





CM CO
O CO




E
0
•r-
CO
• p-
>
*r—
CJ

GJ
-o
p^
•r—
J *
O
** C_}
QJ
T3 QJ
• i— u
-d *r—
c_ S-
ro CL.
O 1
c~
c o
o s-
•r- QJ
C E
=3 <



O i—
CM CM


CM CM
OO OO
p**» p^
p*"« p*v
00 00


co co
0 0
Ln LD

oo oo





o o
oo oo


r^ CM
O 1 —





co oo
O -3-
1 —












CO
4-5
U
3
-a
o
S-
0_

QJ
a.
•r—
4-> Q.
QJ
E c
0 0

S- QJ
0) E
u. ea;



CM OO
CM CM


CTi CTl
cr> cri
CO co
^- r^*
00 OO


«s- ^)-
CM CM
en en

oo oo





CM CM
oo oo


CO CO
O CM





CO CO
O CM








.
CL
S_ QJ
O 0.
<_> -F-
Q_
CO
r— "O
•— QJ
•r- 4->
^" ro
Cn
S_ 3
QJ S-
Q. S-
ro O
OL. 0

ro O
E 'f~~
ro M-
4_) lr—
E C_)
O ro
U. O_



•ej- Ln
CM CM


CO
,-J
f^^
f>^
OO


•a-
CM
$

00





Ln
CM


oo
CT,





1 —
0
r—


1
*^j
O
c.
CI-

TS
QJ

ro
U
• r—
S-
r*,
ro
LJ_

fl
r—
QJ
QJ
4-5
OO

S~ CO
Q) 4-5
CO U
•r— 3
ro
^



CO
CM


CM CM
OO OO
p^v f**.
r^, r^»
oo oo


•d- «a-
CM CM
15 ^

00 00





Ln en
CM CM


O Ln
•3- r—
r—




r— O
OD 00
CM
















C
0
•r- CO
CO 4->
ft~~ t_J
> 13
•r— "O
Q 0
&_
4-5 Cu
4.)
QJ -i<:
^ o
O ro
QJ i—
a: oa



P^ CO
CM CM


CM en
Ol r—
vo r^.
r^* r*^
00 OO


o o
<3- «^"
cn Ln

oo oo





!*•• CO
CM r—


i— CO
O 00





CM LO
r"o r*^
























JZ
u
QJ
X 4->
•r- QJ
•o -—
c_ ^~
O QJ
•Z. Q-



C3-1 O
CM OO


cn CM
r— OO
r^. r*v
r**. r^»
oo oo


O 0
'd- -=t
% %

00 00





co •—
r- r—


CTl OO
00 O





CO 00
f^. CO









c
o
•f—
4_3
CJ
3
c.
4-5 •
CO U
c. cr
O •— i
o

S-
QJ O
CT) CJ
Q)
>- CO

• CU
_l CL
CL
O
1 1 1 **/



i— CM
OO OO


CM 00
00 CO
p^. co
r*- f"**
oo oo


O CO
^J- LC,
en en

oo oo





<— «*
. — oo



0 0





CO CT>
0 0








.
CL
s-
o


CO
a>

QJ •!-

Q) ro
i- O
U <_>
c
O °^3
O QJ

r^ r^
ro O
S- i.
QJ 4J
C C
QJ O
CD O



OO ^J1
oo oo


OO Ol
co 01
CO CO
p"-* f"*»
00 OO


CO co
en Ln
Ln Ln

00 OO





n- <3-
00 CM


P^ OO
CM cn





oo <3-
oo Ln





CO

>^ ro
S- CJ
QJ •,-
> E
O QJ
O -C
QJ O
Q:

E 'ro
3 S-
C 3
•r— 4->
E i—
3 3
r— O

S-
•O cr>
S-  QJ
ro -O
C- -Q
3
ro C£

ro Q

E 
-------
l/l
cu
to
c
"^
•o
^
o
o
u
2:




^"}





X
c
"O fl3
c s-
3 <0
cr
'i
! 01 •
I u ^
1 " -r~
•-o


0 r—
co oo
^v r**«
I — r— •
co ro


CO *&
CO ro


i — Cvl





c\j O
OO LO
LLj     ^  f")

5  i. —  c
                  O   ur>   ro

                sf"1   o   o
C   ;  ^    f"
oo  '• —  "I
£  !!	Z.
                 OJ


                 T3
                 C
                 ns
                        QJ

                        o
                        O
                        S-    C
                        O    O
                       J=   +J
                        (J    t_
                        C    3
                       <   co
                 01
             *J J2
              c  E
                                                      C-58

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE  (Number 12]
SAROAD code - 055330231
Location - 3021 Manor Street, Oil Dale, CA
UTM coordinates - 408.1  3921.6
Monitor height - monitor has been removed
Topography - no special terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Manor Street
Al 1 ey
Alley
          Distance

          111 feet
          125 feet
           20 feet
    Description

 Paved, 8000 ADT
 Pcved, 25 ADT
 Unpaved
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
 No. of samples
TSP    IP    PM
F01
F01
1982
1983
107
108
0
0
	 iu
0
0
99
49
0
0
0
0
                                                                            10
                                     C-59

-------
                                                                          • ^
  r  _NoJvir. H:,;!-. rch _.  ;"     ,1'
                    -^     ^
                   i • Cl.^^^4&t\: ,•«::: •«,.- .*«**   *-= 1 \
One mile  radius  around 3021 Manor Street, Oil Dale.  (Site 12)
                                   C-60

-------
CSJ

r—
 cu
>-

<:
2:
o:
O
I/O
         OJ


         ro
          O)

         4->



         CO









S-
c
o
,
o
o
c
^
in
C
c
•I—
I/!
~
1 —

CO
1—





rc
I >
O
r—

O1

co




to





*^r




ro


CM


r— ^
4->
•r- QJ
> +->
•r— ro
•f-3 1-
o
e£

>^
^_
O

OJ
4_>
ro
Lj

CJ
o
i_
^
c .
CO








































. •
^"
0

1__
OO
~~~:
dl
—
0

•*
f—




O






CM
O

CM

O

r—
, 	
0




o














*
o




CM
d







'QJ
^
^ 	

r—.
ro
•i —
-LO
C
O>
~o
., —
LA,
O
cr:
CO
CM




^






^;
o

<~j-
.
o

( —
•
o










































I

I














f—
cu
z:
If-

-o
c:
i_i
-«^_
^
a
o
0





un
O










in
i-
O

O
i_
0
c
• f—
u
^
•"" '
















s^
•f—
^£
•*^,fc
,__.
•r—
fC
C£















• •
t—
CO
•=>
C~*i

UJ
^»
t— <
| —
(— ^
C_^
~~^
Lj-


•


































in
T3
S-
ro
>^

•^3
ro
O
£_
r—
• r—
rc
cr:
CM
r-.
oo
00
00
1
2
00
00
CM
CM



*;
r~

tD
.
, —

LO
*
**




CM
O1
t—
21
0

X
LO
r—



in
4^
QJ
OJ
S-
4->
in

^
r^
OJ
r—
°
CM
,_!
r>.
^
O
CM
CM

to
CM
(^
O

•5J-
OO





CM
•
Is*

co
CM
CM
CM
^
1 —
00
o
^_
X
LO
O

OJ
i —
T—
ro
"^>^
m
-O
i.

•o
OJ
>
rc
C.
C
— '
CM
O

O
r-^
'
CM

0
-
o
r-.








to
*
CM

CM
^1

OO
o
0
ro

00
to




CO
ro
O)
L_
ro

T3
CJ
S—
rc
C'
^—
0







































c
o
•r—
•4— )
U
3
S^
4— ^
l/l
C
c
o


































































CJ
s_
13
4-^
r__
^
O
•r—
i_
CT")
<











in
ro
QJ
i^
ro

QJ
d
ro
S_
c
4_;
CO
CM
,-j!

^
CM



to
-
CM
O

















s—
>•
oo
0
r—
X
t —

LO
4-J
O
r—

O^
^y
Q.

-o
QJ
>
O
Ci.
c
^




i_
-^
$-
o
i ^
o
OJ
in
in
£1
O
•1 —
m
i/i
•i —
E
LU


ro
4«3
O
t—



C^l
i


LO
1
CM

^


Q_
£


OO
•
^J-



CM
•
CM

^J
r-'

O


0
I —
CO
^

00
•
CM
00
oo

^~
•
LO
CM

r^*
LO

d
CM

r—
E5

i—
•
i —
OO
oo

to
•
LO
CM

f~~
CTv
LO

-
CM


^
^— ' T-
-^ i ' —
                                                          C-61

-------
CM

r*—



 V
^



in
1/1

UJ

cc

3


<:
u
c;
 a;
F—
 ns










s_
o
.
s-
0
u
C,'
^
Vl
§


-•:
=


CZ

«-
1 —






>

>

•
I.
<















—
O
1 —

CT1

CO












,-.-





'*"*"?




CsJ



r_n_4

^
J
• CJ
. 4-J
^
J S_
)

>*,
i_
o
CD
0
fw
o

CJ

s_

c
1/1















































^:
o
t_*
\—
wO
HD
~-_
- —
c~^
<->
CM

i—



tn
o








CM
0

CM

O

r-_

o








CsJ
O







'o

uH

^
-f—
*-j
; —
••"i
-^
•r—
i/*.

cr:

•
o



, —
o





































^_
o
H-

-c

^^
^^^
^
—
5


•
CM



0
r—








ro
0

CO
•
0



o








^
0










to
^
•4-J
rs
j__
o;

., —
u

»— .

















































i-
•r—

-•^
^-~
•i —
rc
C£












































. .
h-
tTl
O

LiJ
^>
i— «
H-

t^
HD
u-



".








































in
-^
^.
S,

^3
^o
0
s_
f-^
r-
fw
o:

.
r—
m
CO
^
VO
0
CM
CM
CO
r—





CO
0

CTi

o

^

CM








•=r
m
=»
o
0
r~"
X
UD



to
4-J
CJ
CJ
s~
J— •
l/T

^
r^
0
,—
0
c

i^
o-
uc
^
in
,_

un
-•
cc
O
in


CTl
•—





US

CT^



=0
CM
r._


CO
U3
I—
21
CO
o

X
in
o
CJ
^~
r^

re
r~.
C
-^
CTI
.
o
CO

00
CM
^_

^
co
r^
co










^.

^^.




CM



CM
O

U
T3

CO
lO
IP



to
*O
CJ
s_
fO

~o
CJ
s_
?Z
CJ
r^
C->














































C
o
•*->
o
32
S_
4—)
I/I
C"
O
'-'















































OJ
s_
Z3
4-5
r—
Z5
t_)
• r—
S_
en
«=:













































to
C3
CJ
s_
o

CJ
en
^w
i^
c
«_J
CO


r — i

CO
—



Lf)
«
r_
O























H-
CO
o

X

en
4-'
C
^~

en
o.

*T^J
CJ
>
rs
a.
c
10




^
i~
o

u
OJ
to
C
o
to
to
•r-
LjJ



CL
ro
4—*
O


en
I



tT)
1
oo







^~
•
CO

U3

<—


CM
"—

••£>
0




CM
•
VO
co
CM

CM
'—

—
CM
CO

cn
^


r:

**O
.
CT^
CO
co

CO
•—

CO
CO
CO

in
CM

1

                                                        C-62

-------




















ex:
^
OO
UJ
O
cr
0
00
t—
s
o
o.





























c".
c
4-)
C
-o
t_
o
o
2: x
=
c
"T3 f^
c s-
cr
i
cu «
(j 
C 4->

' to1 *"
1:™~ E
! Q C
4-

s_
>> o
" — •* < — '
O C 0-
-r- 0
•^ «
i i i QJ oO
> (—
0)
r—










O)
ro

'
rO

'
^~-







S-
OJ
c ~E
"3 -2
^1


CO f"^ ^^) vj^ r*** CO t^^ CNJ oo
kO *«O kO ^>O CO CO ^""* ^^" ^^
i — c — C\Ji — r— i — CMCMCM

roooroooronrororo

^^ocoor>CMr-CMLn
oovoro.d-^-^coon
rooorooooooorooooo


ron-^j-rooooocMrrro




^J-rOLnCMCMi — CMLDLD
^-^oo^rroro,— 
•r- •
(/I C O C
HI -r- C_J -i-
S- QJ i— S- r—
"D Cr: -i- CJ3 (O
c o o

O -i- Q. +J re E
• O O L^ Z3 i» tO 4-> QJ
O-CE CTOrOE-C
i- »— t *— t O fC C_^ O QJ C_J
O -i- O O C
C_>OO4-rOO •(- i—
O O T- O 4J 4-1 -i—
jr i_  E
01 ^: 01
C3 C_> 1—



O r- CM


^OCM covo^cooo
^* ro ^~ CM r^. m r— c^
CMCMCM CMCMCMCMCM
CT> CT> CTl CTl 0s! CTj CT> 0*1
ooooro oooooooooo

COCMVO roocMCMr-
LO CNJ *sj" LO ^^ OO CD ^~~"
(__ fa— < 	 ^V^J f\t f_ fVJ ^\J
oooooo oooooooooo


<=)-«3-<^t- CMi — ^J-CMCM




CNJi — CTi O "!3- i — CTiO
ooror- inoooor-oo



CMi^oun uoooi — o
OOOCM O.gO.^CO

«3- ^ r». OLOOL^or^
OOr-CM CM Lf) 00 ^ 00
"~ 00 "~


•
o
•^
+->
fO CL
4_) ^
oo 3
Q.
Q.
3 i — ro
O_ QJ O
••- 0£ U
i- to to i— i
0; S- •-
-i^ S- 10
O • TO O i— QJ
O i — CQ • Z -r- i —

i — O " C •> O OO
•r- i 	 C >— • 1 	 C I 	
O "O -i- O T- i— c ro i —
i_ f^n «r- X f^i i_ -r—
O ro 4-> -i- « i- o
O "O f~~ fO E i"^ CD ro
ro e r— +->•»-> p— O Q.T3
aj-S-c: 3 ^ — 5 o
I— oo oo zcooooct:



oo^j-ao ixjr^-oocrio


-------
QJ
*->
c
' '"" ^1
"O
s_
o
o
u
S x
I —

c:
c s-
j 3 <0
! 3
!
1
0; ~
1 O CD
!; S £
-i_> to
i/i
>-
< i
oo >-, O

y i' .c 5 °~
EE '^ — :
O i.-, !
OO -i- « I
r— = 'i ' OO
2 '' > 1 —
— • i OJ
O r—
c :

1
i'




0>
=
. re
t C
i
i "*""
^
fO
! c.

;i
1




i
[j
o;
! C E
i r-^ C

ro un CM LD
CO r— r— CO
• — CM CM, i —
CTl C?l CTv CTl
ro ro ro oo


O ro >* ui
^ CO r^ yj
oo ro ro ro
ro c\j CM ro





t_o CD ^D r*^
ro r— r— oj

o ^ - ^
....
o *r r^ o


CTl CC X r—
o 
u "" CJ
c • c
>— i ^j *f—
C '*-
en — < QJ
c cr
•r- O
£1 c^ £~ C 1
•i— oo re
H- Z3 QJ i—
Ol CO •—
ce = o
o c:
QJ S_ QJ Ci
i_ > "O
_0 Ol r— OS
re r~ ^
OO \_3 CD CO



CM CM CM CM

CT>
0
ro
C7"\
00


CO
1^-'
ro






O
in



o


•=r
O



















1 —
O

o
QJ
s_
i-
re
<-j



CM

«3-
co
r~
CTl
OO


CM
•sr
00
ro





ro
00

i~-
.
ro


O
, 	
«S"






to
t/>
re
r—
S_
QJ
JO
• r—
1 :

"^
QJ
"re
T3
•r-
r—
0

c
o
o



CM

o
q.
CM
CJ")
ro


un
in
ro






oo
^"

cs,
.
o


CM
o
















S-
QJ
•^
3
i-
o

.
Q

*
O



CM

OO
OO
CM

OO


in
r-.'
ro






00
O



O


—
d




0

re
+j
00

Q.
3
Cu

C
i-
QJ
v^

_T
• ^
o

c
c

r~
:D



CM

CO

^«
01
ro


oo
00
ro
oo





in
«3-

CM

0


CM
c





0

en
c
>r«
C
'C
OJ


T3

re

^
o

c
o

t~l
>^-
CJ3



CM
C-64

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 13)
SAROAD code - 056535001
Location - 5888 Mission Blvd., Rubidoux, CA
UTM coordinates - 461.8  3762.2
Monitor height - 7 feet
Topography - no special terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Parking lot
          Distance

          Adjacent
    Description

    Paved
Air qua!ity data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
 No. of samples
TSP    IP    PM
101
101
A07
A07
A07
1982
1983
1980
1981
1982
117.8
146.9
160.8
126.7
130.4
0
0
87.5
107.7
92.4
	 1U
0
0
0
0
78.4
50
32
56
8
45
0
0
35
28
38
0
0
0
0
36
                                                                            10
                                    C-65

-------


           ^•^- '  '
           r.. tVv.;.-   -,,.--::
                                            -v RUBIDOUX  x->:^ =.;-H?
                                            ~-\.   -   /   /   ;•"  ^- N
                              Kes»rvCifS

<  V.
A
V
    One mile radius  around  5888  Mission  Blvd.,  Rubidoux.   (Site  13]
                                    C-66

-------
OO


QJ

• ^
00


>-
UJ
o
Di
^l
O
OO
        •o
         >
        CO
         to
         LO
         CO
         CO
         CO
         LO
         QJ







s_
c
o
4J
o

QJ
LO
LO
~^
~'
LO
OO
UJ

00







>
4-
•r—
>

4-
L.
<
















, —
•3
o
1—
CT>
CO



LO


LO


"^~



ro



CM


t— 1

•5
QJ
4-^
ro
^_



>^
$-
O
cr>
QJ
4-=
re

»— «
I—
»— i
O
~~5
LJ_



-
































CO
-o
S_
ro
>^

•o
ro
O
i_
r—
•r—
ro
o:
OO
LO
CTt
CM
O
LO
1^^
oo
cr>
oo
CM
LO
CO

CTi
CTi
•=±

i —
1

, —
LO
""

o
00
^"
, —
oo
CM
1—
2:
J3
0
r^
X
en
«a-



LO
4^
QJ
QJ
s-
4J)
LO

C
ro
QJ
r—
O
OO
CM
LO

d
-
OO
1
CTi
CTi

CM
•"•





CM
r1—


O
o
"~
0,
^

1—
ro
0
i-^
X
r—
OO
LO
QJ
r—
r—
ro
^^^
CO
T3
i_

-o
QJ
>
re
Q.
C
^
LO
oo


CM
d

LO
o

co
o








LO
r-'


i —
O

CM
0


{_ >
ro

oo
oo



CO
ro
QJ
S-
ro

-^3
CJ
S-
rc
OJ
r—
0
LO
ro
CM





CM
J£

,3-
^















u
ro

CM
*
ro




c
o
• r—
4_)
LJ
^
i_
4-^
CO
c
O
0
^t
oo




^.















p^
, 	






(_)
ro

LO





QJ
i-
3
4-*
r—
^
LJ
•p—
^_
cn
"^
C
I—


C
r—
























LJ
ro

CT>
'""



LO
ro
QJ
L^
ro

QJ
CD
re
S-
c
^_J
oo
o
LO


CO
oo
CO
0





^3.
O















1—
OO
o

X
^_
CM
LO
4-J
O
r—

CD
v^
Q.

-o
GJ
>•
ro
Q.
t —
^





S_
0
4_2
(j
QJ
LO
J3
LO

O

LO
LO
e
i — i



ro
4_>
O
1—

CTi
1




LO
1
CM



r~H


re
QJ
C£.


CM
•
CO
CM


oo
•
,»
(NJ


CO
•
«sj-


LO
, 	

•z.
0
i—
oo
CQ
O

•
«^"
CO
oo

CTi
•
en
^~
CM

0
•
O"i
0
1
CM
LO
CM
C

>
1 — '
t.
o
00
•
CM

^>


«
^_
p^.
CM

CO
•
00
r—
^~
co
LO
CM




'ro
O
                                                     C-67

-------





























1

1











'
ro
1
GJ
i-j
• r—
UO

o:
S
00
UJ
or
o


^^
UJ
Ci
^











































1


w
>
r~
CD
C
O
1/1
£
co
co
cc
LD


• t
CJ
4_J
.r~
1 ">

















i.

C
o
,4-J


s_
o
+->
u
£
>*)
LO
C
wl
-"
—
—
,— .
~"






>
4-
>
4-
C
«3














fC
O
1 —

0,




co





r^




vo





LT>


•=r



,-v*








"V
i
• QJ
• O
3 1_
;





0
CD
QJ
O

CJ
LJ
i_
~^
c






















































o
1 —
co
— J
-^
^7"
o
o


co
en

en
r-'



cr>





Oi
•
r~


01

>—



•=r
o

^
o


•=3-
o

^j.
0


VO
o








—
w-
1
c

™£J
-r—
1,'.
CJ
o;


CO
0

CM
o*



CM
0




CM
•
O


CM

O




























_
~
•o
c
I-MI
^*^_
^
^
o



CO
c^

CTl
,J



o>
f '




C3-I
•
r~


CJ>

r—



•a-
o

^
o


•a-
c

^.
o


VD
O










l/>
0
c
QJ
c~
•r—
U

~


0
r— '












O
*
—



































•r—


ro
cd
CM

VO
ro
1—
vo
O
r™-
X
O1
^~


10
QJ
CJ
to

c
{•3
c.
^—
0


ro
o%
CM
ro
O



Ltt
CM




ro
.
l^


i—

r—
r" •


r-
O





r^
O

VO
IT)


r_

h-
ro
O
f—
X
r—»
ro
ui
QJ

^
^^
C
^


co
, —


o









ro
*
O


«a-

o










CO
o


o


r__
CD


u
'o

ro
ro


00
QJ
s_
(13
T3
CJ
^_
fC
0
r—
0


—
CM
r~
















ro

CO



CO
ro















U
ro

CM
•
ro



C
o
4->
o
3
V-
4— >
c/1
tz
O
tj


VO
r—












CO

CD


















co
c







VJ
ITS

un



QJ
3
4-1
<—
Z!
U
•r—
S~
CD
«=:


LD
0

IT)
O






































o
O

CTi



to
QJ
1_
ns
CJ
cn
IT3
^.
o
—
0",


1^-
rvj


CM




O















CM
O














1 —
ro
O
r—
X
^~
CSJ

to
o
en
Q.
-o
QJ
>
*B
CL
r~
=





































































*-
^>
. a
«
S_
O
^J
u
ID
t/i

JD
OO

o

to
10
•(—
cr
LU







^__
^"
ZJ




























(tJ
0
1 —





CT>
I
VO





LO
I
cxi




^-^






































"^
f~
CM




0

p^^
,_




CM

ro




CM
1 —





	 ^
0
t-^
~
^_
. — ^


























o
CM
CM
C\J



ro
.
^.
^.J.
___



CTl

CM
VO



co
;±




LO
^

1 	
| 	

*—
— -




















C-68

-------
            Ol
           •o
            i.
            O
            o
            u
                            co   LO  r^*^   oo   LO   LO   *i^   co  LO   co   r****   ^o   co   LO   LO   co   co   co   co   co
                            LO   IQ  LO   ^D   ^«O   ^^   *^O   ^D  *sO   *->O   **O   LO   LO   LO   LO   LO   LO   LO   LO   LO







                            f>i—  *a-   i—   i—   c—   r—   i—  i—   c\ioo«3-<*m«a-rorororofn



























                            r—   poooococ\jun<3-i—   cxjoO'.Di—   t-n<^oooo
                                 cv                             to  c\j                                                        i—




                            Or-^i—   i—   oDLnc\JOooorooD>=d-Oi-nO'-£>i—   csjo


                                 CNJ                             o  ^3-                        i—                              c\j
                                                                      CNJ
                   c


                  T3

                   3
                   a~
               01   *
               U  Ol
               CO


               O  C
t_j>      c  c
c:   i  -i-  o
o
D-
       UJ  CJ
            >
            O)
                  CO
 ro

Q-
                   L-
                   OJ
                                 •o

                                 ro
                                 >>
                            C
                            o
                            fD
                           •n-
                            c

                            o
                                            en        i—i

                                           -a
                                            f         ^")
                                            ro         C
                                           CO        •!-
                                 4->   J3
                                 CO    3
0>
4-J
to
 s_
 o
o
                 o

                G_
                                                                   "CL)^
                                                                                 T3
                                                                                 ex
                                                               OJ
                                                               -o
                                                                                 aJ
                                                                                 >
                                                                     OJ
                                                                    4-J
                                                                     OJ

                                                                     o
                                                                     c:
                                                                     o
                                      fD
                                      o>
                                     cc
                                                                                                 •o
                                                                                                 c
                                                                                                 CO
                                                                                          u
                                                                                          c
                                                                                    >,  (-H
 ro
 Q.

 O
(_5
                                                                                                 n3C_>
J>£
 O
 o
^<:
 O
 o
                                                                                          to
                                                                                          3
                                                                                         -o
                                                                                                                 a)
                                                                                                                 o;
C
o
                                                                                                                       U
                                                                                 u
                                                                                                                            (/)
                                                                                                                            

i—   o:
 o>
                            fD    Cl-
                                                      r—   r-   3    >
                                                       O    3   r-   •-
                                                                            X
                                                                            3
                                                                                            rCTS
                                                            C-69

-------

c
1 ••— >•>
I -Q
1 S_
I o
o
! LJ
s: x

•=>
C S-
! •<- -o
=
CM i — ro
O LO LO
LO LO LO
r*^ p*"1* f"*1*
ro ro ro


t-*. r^*. ro
CO CO O
LO LO LO
*••?" ^3" ^f
ro *^* ro


ro ro
LO LO
UO LO
r*^» r*"*
oo ro


o^ 0*1
f— r—
LO LO
«3- <*
CM CM


CT1
LO
LD
r--
ro


en
^
ifi
"^
CM


^CMCMCMCMroOOLO^--^
rOOOOOrOLOLOCOOOO
LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO
r~- p"*» r** r*-* r-*. r*^. r>* r*~ p-* r^* r**» r*»-
rorororororororororororo



ro LO LO' LO' LO LO' LO LO LO LO LO' LO'
LO LO LO LO LD LO LO LO LO LO LO LO
•=r<=fo-*3-<3-*3-<3-<3-o- LO
° O
| ; fc
Lo , >-, c
; 	 ^ ^ (/*, ^T*
O C £^ c-
§ "^ 5
^ ' .i *
^"™ ~ ' * - > cj ^o
Z I > t—
~ O)
O i—
Q_ ,
>i


i1

i
i



i

—
c
'O
I c
! c
i
i p~~
Q_




i
i
I

+-> ^'
; ^ i
i1 c.
o



ro LO
CM CM

<-. ^
f — CM

X 0
CM LO




C
ro
Q.
w
5


c
o
-*^ T—
i- J->
-0 LJ
^ ^J
3 S-
O •(->
LJ- LO
-o o
c o
ro
LO
QJ f?
c. .n
•r- 3
O- HI

CO "3
ro


r— CM
CM CM




«s-
•vT

,-j.
O

L.O
C





1
LO
• r-
Q

^~
C
O
JIT
(J
oo

•c
CD
1^
C
1^5

QJ
-o
•r- 4-1
LO O
L- *f™
OJ S-
> •!->
• ^
a:

ro
CM




ro
«•

LO
0

X
C3







f>M
o
o
*^*
LJ
CO

>*>
i.
T3
XJ
C
QJ
aJ
UJ

c
0
l/l
^_
OJ
L|_
QJ
^°

^.
C\J




ro
•3-'

ffi
0

CM
r-





1
LO
• p—
0

r—
O
0
Jl^
u
CO

"O
OJ
T~
c
^D

QJ
-a
•r—
LO
S-
QJ
>
• r—
°^

LO
CM




ro
ro

^
0

CT>
O





1
LO
>r—
r^

^»
O
O
-C
LJ
CO

T3
QJ
-r~
C
1^

QJ
~^
4-> -r- +J
U LO LJ
•r- S- •(-
S- QJ 1-
4-> > -t->
• t—
01

LO
CM

C-70


> —

ro >-, +-> 4J
C!- OJ 1- C •!-
S U ro QJ C
C •>— *-l E 3
en aj QJ O o
C CO C_3 S CJ
• r-
C CJ C QJ QJ
— S- QJ -O "O
S -I- 3J 	 -r-
\ — 1- LO LO
CO CT) ^- i-
ro QJ i- QJ QJ
X E QJ > >
1) O > •!- -i-


t^ CO CT, 0 r-
CM CM CM CO ro




CM rv.
CM CM

CM ^r
O i—

CM <3-
C i —





>>

re
a.
^
o
LJ

QJ
0

>
i.
QJ
CO O
c -o
•r- OJ
-(-> QJ
to H—
T3 1
r— C
CO •—

T3 *J
C S-
(T3 QJ


CM ro
ro ro




i^- co ro ro
CM ro co ro

X r- *f LO
O 0 O O

LO r- ^ 0
r- c; o o




LJ
O
O LO
LJ) LO
to =Z
C -^
O S- QJ
— 0 >

LJ +->
13 S~ ro
S_ QJ S-
J-> M QJ
l/l LO -r— CL
C QJ i— O
O ' — -r- O
i- QJ LO
QJ QJ U- -
cn s_ c
ro -i— QJ QJ
QJ r— -O E
>• -i- >,
s_ to s-
• QJ ^ 4-^
_J r- QJ i—
QJ T- O


«• LO LO r^
ro ro ro co




CO
ro

LT,
o

CM
r-











f~.
O
0

LJ
CO

r^
CT>
^
LJ
•r—
C
r~
LJ
QJ

>,
"o


X
CO



-------
a:
^3
O
O
CL.
1/1
O)
4J
ro
C
•r—
~O
L_
O
0
<->
^
1—
=














i ^
C I/)
c c
i T- 0
0", 4-'
1 .,- «.
•~* __
UJ O>

Oi
1




























'




>•}





X


c:
O ro
C S-
2 ro
CT
i
QJ .
O OJ
c +->
ro •>—
[o ^
r- E
n o
S-
0
1 — (
s:




c_
00
t—














o>
^

+j

ro
D.








S-
o;
- E


.
o
^o
r^
oo


r*»
uo
^JO
"*


00






00
oo



oo
0




oo

o














o
>f;
•>
CD
c
•1 —
S-
Ol

c
UJ

0
o
UJ




.
o
i£)
f^
oo


f~»
^•O
Lf~)
•*


00






OO
00



00
o




00
•
o



.
o
c
1— 1

«v
Q.
0

00

O)
•a:

T3
c:
TO
O)
E
ro
S_
U_

y

oS

	 1




,
O
t£>
r^x
oo


r--
us
uo
•^~


oo






00
oo



oo
o




oo
•
0









<4_
^D
CO

4-> C
CL ^
QJ O
Q S-
0
>»
•M T3
E C
3 ro
0
CD
"T3 *f—
•i- -a
CO r^
i- -r-
OJ 3
> ca
•i—
01




. .
o o
i^O kjD
r^. r^
oo oo


r~- oo
UD CO
(,O V^
^^* <^f


00 OJ






oo oo
OO <3"



O O-i
oj o




O 00
• •
OO i —





1
O LO
C "r-
i— i Q

* r—
>> o
C 0
ro -C
CL (_)
E OO
O
(_3 "O
OJ
^- -r-
OJ H-
•t-5 *r~
C C
cu rs
CL
S- 0
ro "O
O •r-4-'
to o
S- -r-
D: oj s_
> 4J
• T*
UJ CU.




r~.
0
VO
f^
oo


00
co
<*o
^


00






oo
^



0




(^
•
o




















u


^
Ol
to
ro
CL
^_
^




.
^_
LO
p-^.
OO


00
CO
'.O
"^


oo






•—
^3!



co
r— *



LT>
•
CO
r—


,
(_)
0
to
to


01

•r—
4_J
ro
O)
CL
0
O
(-J

to
C
^
o>
T3

ro

Ol
O


o
3
"O
o
C-
^^
u
o
a:

f—
2
O




.
^_
i-O
r^s
00


00
co
VJD
"^


00






-—
«.j!



o
OO
r—



0
•
o
CM
















>}
C
ro
CL
5
o

s^
u
o
S-
c:
0



                     CTl  O
                     OO  «3-
                             ^-     OJ   OO
                                                                CO
                                              C-71

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 14)
SARCAD code - 320090001
Location - Cobre Consolidated School  Supply, near corner of North East and
             Mayo Streets, Bayard, NM
UTM coordinates -  768.8  3628.1
Monitor height - 12 ft., on instrument platform
fopography - no special  terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft cf monitor -
Source

Nortn East Street
Mayo Street
          Distance

          106 feet
           28 feet
    Description

  Feved,  100  ADT
  Paved,  1000 ADT
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
 No.  of  samples
fSP     IP     PM
F01
F01
A07
A07
A07
1982
1983
1980
1981
1982
132.2
115.8
142.0
122.0
110.0
0
0
82.0
89.0
72.1
	 iu
0
0
0
0
0
57
60
4
55
48
0
0
3
52
37
0
0
0
0
0
                                                                            •10
                                    C-72

-------
                       ••  l
              -    7"'^^^
                       •
One mile radius around Cobre Supply, Bayard.  (Site 14)
                                C-73

-------
 CD

•t—

OO



>-
           T3
           ca
o
LO








s-
^
c

5-
o
,J
C;

>,
i
ro
4-J
0

cn

oo





LO



LT>

^-•-
~ "•




















^















LO



















00
^














CM

UD




o




•s-
0




CM


















' • < i • ! • 1
o — ; O

Cv
OC





.
CM

10
CM







LD
ViD
00
CM
r™*"
o
00




LD
LD

^
CM
ro
CM
LO

CVJ
ro
«=r
CM

00
Oil O
1 ""




oo
OO
CM



co

P^

oo
vo

CM
•
r--.

U3
00









































• ! ' >



















1— i i
-~ , ~~ *
~
"" • o- •


i lt
00 ,' i


i ,
CM ! ^
O
( t
CM r\j
1 ^ d





i



•i- CJ
> •*— >
•r- ro
-i-5 *—
U
<




>^
L_
o
CD
o;

ro
u

c_-
u
^_
^
o
oo
CM
r-^















. .
-?*•
C

1 —










p—
O

»+_

















r—
QJ
r- ! 3

., 	
^_>
(^
oo : O

-^
T
O


~W
. ,_
U",
CJ


t^_

•^
C
*— .
"N*..^
—
;z
C
C-^

«•
CM














l/l

C

ro
i_
0
c
.f«-
U
c
•— •

^r
C3


















S-
• r-
^C
•*x^
^— .
., —
1-3
ZZ



1


t



ro
i

• i
0


_
0

















! ' 1

CM
LD
«•
ro
















» .
H-
OO
""—I
o

UJ
^>
»— «
1 —
^»-l
tJ3
^
u-

CQ
r>!





^j
ro

r~-



co
"O
^
T5
>^

-o
ro
o
s_
r—
.,_
ro
ex

LD
ro

s:
>

o
r—
X
<^~
r~




CO
4«)
O)
o;
S-
4—^
CO

^~
r3
GJ

L_>

CM
O
CM

cn
r-^
CM
1—
>

o
^— .
X
«CJ-
^~~
00
o
r—
f—
ra
•-^^
CO
~Q
t_

-3
CJ
>
ro
r^
c
—
1
^O '
-— - l
ro
i

CM
r>!




0
ro

CM
i —




CO
ro
O!
SM
ro

™o
o
^.
ro
C!
i —
<-'

















c
o
•f—
4-j
U
3
S_
4-*
CO
t~
C
<— '






















0
i-
3
4-J
^~
3
LJ
•i —
i_
cn
<
















i/>
ro
CO
SK
ro

GJ
cr>
ro
i_
C
4-'
oo
LT>
O

1 —
>

OO
o

X
CM

l/l
*->
O
I —

CT1
.^
C.

"T^
CJ
>
ro
CL
c
^3
C-74 	


,
^_^
--
o
QJ
C
o
•r"
CO
CO
E
UJ





5-
ro
O
1 —


en
i

LO
i
CM



t— 4






00
oo


oo
o
o
n—



0
•
"^



. — ,
1 —

OO
o
1 —
CM

CM
CM
,_
f*s»


o
•
in



00

—
en
r^^
CM
0*.
CM
CM
LT)
r —


0 f
•
SI
i




-------































—
1
m
4->
•r-
00
— -
o:
§
r*~
~~3
CO
LU
t ^
CE:
O
CO

e^
LU
a:
•^











































JL
^p
ra
CO


CJ
4-)
•i —
CO










^
c;
o
4->

^
O
4J
O
CJ
c^:
>,
CO
c
"
4-
.,_
-t~
<_
<£
















, 	
4_)
O
t._
p_

en

CO


r-.



CO




CO


<-_,-



p-


C^i


~>
OJ
ro
t






^-j
S_
O
CD
CJ

5
0,'
(_;
S-
^3
C
CO











































..
z:
o
1 	
uo
~
dZ.
nz
CD
^

r^
, —


















53-
0





O
en
0








, —
CJ
~^
^ —
,_
r^3
4->
CJ
~w
., —
(J*;
CJ
0:1










































,—
CJ
M—
-g
•— i
-«^^
cz
^
C
0

so
oo


















CT>
O





CTl
0
CO
'












I/I
S-
o
o
i-
CJ
c:
• f —
(_^
^ —
1 — '

CD
, —



^
CD




^
•
O






CM
O





0
,_,.
o














i-
c^
•^^
, —
., —
f^
o;









































. •
K-
S
CD
LLJ
K— «
H-
^— 4
CJ3
ZD
U_

00
cri
"•





oo
^

OO
.
•—













C\J
o
"*



o
ns

^



CO
"13
ro
>^
"S
6
s_
• —
•r-
r^
•^

^_
r_
cn
CC
CC,
,__
0
CM



cn

oo






tr
c
1-




°
o
00
1—
CD
0
r—
X
«^-
1 —




CO
"GJ
CJ
S-
co

CT
ro
O
i —
0
1
O
CO
CD
0
£2
^j.
CO




o

00
"~


cn
oo

CM
CD'





oo
CD
CO
g
ro
CD
f—
X
^~
>>
CO
CJ
f—
f—
ro
"co'
"O
S-
-o
QJ
>
rc
CX
f~
13

O
CM
CM
r--
oo
CD
CO


OO

CO

•—










cc
^J

co
^
oo


u
ro

CM
r—




CO
CJ
5-
ro
-o
CJ
S»-
rO
CJ
i —
C_3











































C
O
• r—
tj
S-
-I-J
CO
C
o
^











































CJ
s_
r:
^
CJ
•» —
',—
CT)
^










































CO
ro
QJ
S_
ro
CJ
CD
ro
$_
C
v_^
CO

^.
O



, 	
o





















00
o
t—
-1"
oo
o

X
CM

CO
-4—)
O
i —
cn
*v*
ex
"O
CJ
>
ro
a.
c
^



s_
>>
( '
S-
0
CJ
OJ
to
c:
o
to
E
UJ

^
o
t—

cn
i
CO
en
i

,_,


5
CJ
ex

O-i
•
CD

CO
o
o
oo
ro


oo
•
o
CO

CTl
CO
cn
CO
-
oo
1 —

.
r^.
cn
CM
o
CO
co
CM
-
CO
1
' ' ! tr i

~ h^ •—
~ — , -
, — - , • • 1
i ' —
1
•-^ 1 t
i
C-75

-------
             CT
           CJ O
o
c_
             o
              S_

              QJ
           C  E
                                           C-76

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 15)
SAROAD code - 320240001
Location - Anthony Elementary School, Anthony, NM
UTM coordinates - 348.7  3541.8
Monitor height - 15 ft., on roof of building
Topography - no special terrain
Localized sources, within 200 ft of monitor -
Source

Incinerator

Playground
          Distance

          90 feet

          Adjacent
                         Description

                        Small garbage
                         incinerator
                        Unpaved
Air quality data -


Monitor   Year

  F02     1982
  F02     1983^
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP	IP	P_MIO
130.8
115.6
0
0
0
0
                      No. of samples
                     TSP    IP    PM
                                    10
57
60
0
0
0
0
                                      C-77

-------
One mile radius around Anthony School,  Dona Ana  County.   (Site  15)
                                C-78

-------
































1

j






LD
cu
CO
cz.
5J
2:
ID
CO

UJ
f_3
ry
ID
0
CO

c^
UJ
G:
<£












































_
o
o
_c
CO

>^
c
o
JZ

^
c^


• •
CJ

• r—
CO













^
0

*
t-
o
o
CJ
CO
>,
to
c
c
• r—
CO
CO
^
, . ;

D.
CO
h-



'ro
-*— '
O
t—


CT>


CO


i^


>x>





LT)



«^j-





OO





•r- CJ
•r- ro
•»-> S_
0



>^
£_
o

QJ

ro


C-'
(_)
i_
^
C
uo
































•a.
00


IX)
0

^
o

«,
o































VO
CD'


OJ
o

OJ
o









,_
.
O


1 —
•
0
















































'















tn
S-
o

C3
s_
GJ
C
•r-
U
C
i—*
















S-
• f—
c^
^ —
, —
• I —
ro
o:



««•
r^.
Cx
• "~
•sf
IX
on
o
a
ro








1X5
.
CO
'~

^J-
r~-
n:
Os

1X1
un

^3-


O
Cs

«=»•
CD



O

ro


0
o
OJ
^~
i
r^

OJ
OJ
,_!
OJ
OJ
ro
OJ
IX)
O
OJ


CTi

o


<^-
*i « .
X) -^r oj
ro








|-v


o
•1 .
i — 1 O
r^
r^!
O^
^
..J.
00
LT>
_
, 	
O
0
,_'
5
1 	
oo
OJ
oo

o

LT>
IX)

i —
.
co


































^
r^l
tn
CTi
r^
! 	
CD
O
r^
5:








«£>
,
o
^

ro
.
CO
^_J.



i
I

f"" j
'



o
OJ











• •
i—
CO
^
en

UJ
~^y
^— t
1 	
>— t
f ^
1
U-





ro
CTi
"^



CO
™^
I-
ra


•^
ro
O
s_
f^
• r-
rO
c:

y.
r^
,_,.'


ro
,1 ,
OJ
h-
IX)
o
X
•st-




CO
4— )
cu
CJ
s_
4-J
CO

C
ro
OJ
j —
O


ro
O
X
IX)
IX)
CO
QJ
r—
r—
ro
•v^^
CO
-o
J_

-o
QJ
>
ro
< — .
C
ID

,__
IX)
00































OJ
^





CTl
,_J

CO
CD











C\J

o


j








i
CTl
,
CTi
CJ
ro
OJ
CO
OO




CO
ro
a>
i.
rO

~O
0
S_
ro
CJ
r^
CJ)











c
o
•1 —
4.)
o
I;
s_
4-'
CO
c
o
C->




CJ
en







OJ
s-
13
j_J
r^
^
O
•r—
i_
C^
<











CO
ro
CO
s_
ro

CJ
cr.
ro
S^
C
4—'
CO










ro


t—
oo
o
X
co


CO
4—)
O
r—

CTi
'^
Q.

"O
OJ
>
ro
Q.
C
^3



S-
i ^
o
-1 ^
(_)
a>
CO
JO
CO
O
CO
CO
E
UJ




^
^

O
1—



1





1
CNJ

i — t






IX)



«=}-
t
•51-




^J-
'-

00
0

O
•— — «
=:

in
OJ
«^-
OJ
ID
•
CD
r—
OJ


O
OJ

r—
, 	
ro
H-
1 —
r—
—
-
ro
«^-
OJ
CTi
•
CTi
^~
OJ


<^-
CD
co
OJ

<=r
^
ro


-
-
C-79

-------
L.")





 O
to

LLJ
(_J

r3
o
                o
                c.

r^
O
1 —

CTi

OO

"^


vo

L-O

















0
C\J
^.
0
^
0
^
o

^
o
c.
o
CM

.—
CM
•a-
o
,3.
o
^
o

^r
o
r-
0

















U3
o
CM
O
CM
0





,_
o






.










CM
.S
<£>
CO
O
o
CM





o
CO
10

CO
-
CO
CO
CM
CO
CM
<-

CM
O
CO
"~
^J.

r^
CM
VO
CM
CM
CTl
^
O
CO

i_n
^
CO
O
ro

co
o
10
CM
co
U5
un
^
0
CM
CO
2
CM
CO

















c*
5
0
CM
CM
co
0
CM





, 	
0
CM
















|
CO
CN"


1 	
•—
^
0





,_
          u
         OO
          O
         V



, "***

i

•
!
i o ! c

CM ! 	
1 • i .
o • o
j CM ; r-
• i •
0 < 0
1
0 i ! CO
' . !' "~
' 1 i
i ' !
! i
t
i ' j
; |
i '
i ' '
i
CM

O
t
~
<^1

r—

—

^
i
uT>
Lp

Csj

•




^.

co
r—









^ ' °
'! !
i '
i i
• '
;

i i
i


s_
c
o
QJ
I/)
a
o
c


CO
O
t—
CT>
1
VO
LT)
1
CM



CO
LT>
CO
-
CO
o

r^
rn
CM
CM
0
CTi
CM
^
2

O
CO
CM
0
0
5
^
If
i
i
i

4-?
> -0
• r- ro
4— ' ^~
^



>^
^
o
CD
c;

re


CJ
O

-^

i CM












. •
21
O

o






r—
O

1^_

f—
re
'r—
—
1 — ' C
oo o
~ t "^
— " -f—
-T~
5 o
UO '—3
(J-
C,'
01
]
p-
d









,—
c;

M—

•o
c
v™
^^>I
cr
^
5













UO
S-
o
4_J
ro
i_
CJ
c
•r—
U

1—4

















i-
.—
^^
•-^^
r—
•p-
fw
fy











. *
1—
CO
"~^
f '.

UJ
;>
t— t
t—
,— 1
C_D
~~^
i —




o
03

C7>
^



t/>
-c
s-
fC
>h,

-c
fZ
c
u_
(—
•r—
TO
G£

LO
~
i—
s
0
r«
X
^




in
4_J
O)
cu
^
4->
LO

c
r3
C
T—
O
I
r-
"^"
r—
CO
O
X
^o
^°
l/l
CJ
r-~
r_
"3
**^_
to
•o
i_

-o
C,'
>
re
C.
f~
—
r—
O
u
ro
CM
CO
CO




CO
ro
Ol
s_
rO

"O
CJ
S—
re
O
r—
0













C
O
•f—
^-^
t_>
^
s_
4—>
CO
c~
c
*"*
t



ro
^O
CTi







QJ
t_
Z3
-*— >
r—










CO
ro
CJ
s_
ro

CJ
Z5 j C^
O
•r-
t_
CTi
"^
o
s_
c
^— "
c-0
p^
0
r—
co
O
X
CO
"

CO
4-;
C
f—

en
^k^
Q.

~o
CJ
>
ro
a.
c
— '
                                                      C-80

-------
            CJ
            ro
            c
            o
            o
              "O  TO
               c  s-
                   3
                   cr
               u  tu
               c: •+->
               ro -t-
               -t->  00
               t/i
               •r-  E
               O  O
>-
cc:
o
ct:
O
CO
    s_
    >1

 C  on
 a  c
•i-  O
 00  -1-!
            OJ
            >
            QJ
                  CX-
                  co
                   
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number
SAROAD code - 320440001
Location - Grant County Water Dept.  Bldg., near corner of A and First Streets,
             Hurley, NM


UTM coordinates - 769.5  3621.4
Monitor height - 12 ft., on roof of building
Topography - no special  terrain
-cca'ized sources, witnin 200 ft cf monitor -
                                   Distance                      Descriptor
Air qua!ity data -
Unnamed street                     24 feet                       Unpaved
                          Annual  arithmetic mean, ug/m3       No.  of samples
Monitor   Year           TSP	IP	P_MIO     TSP    IP    PM1(,


  F02     1982           111.5          0             0      57      0     0
  F02     1983            98.1          0             C      59      0     0
                                     C-82

-------
                       L» fT^71"-,••	^•J-^\'*f- = l'"vT   , -"
                                             o .; Hurley

One mile  radius around Grant  County, Hurley.  (Site  16)
                                   C-83

-------
OJ
ARY
ARCA SOURCE
       OJ
       L.
       =5










S-
^
c
q

5-
C
L'


-
'r~
E
~~~~

r_
(_/O










>
j*.
~j
^

L
<

















r-
*J
C
t—



CTl
co

"^



us






^"

r-v~



~v








">
)
• CJ

j r
J




5~,
i_
o
cr>
CJ
w
IT
(_)

CJ
(_)
s_

c
C-~J
















































. •
rr»*
O

1 —

— ^
~^
-7-
o

r—
•
r—


_
O
O







CM

O

CM
°
_
,
CD

i

O



ro

o








^~.
o
H3
V-

r—
'O
-i —
.4_J
—
O

•r—
^r
CJ
d














































r— -
OJ
ZJ


~o
c

*. — _
^
s
o

t^r
•
CM


CM
O
CM
O







LO

o

LO
°
CM

O

CM

O



UD

d












U1
s_
c
4->
TO
s_
0

• r-
l_>
-

LO
•
r—


CM
0








U_>

O

CM
°










un

0
















s^

t^
-*^_
»—
•r—
cc













































• I
t—
L/O
^i


LU

,__«
1—

cH
U.

CM
•
^j-
. "^"

CM
LO








CM

CO

CM
LO










VO
•
LO


(J
TO
r^.





un
T3
L~
ro
>->

-o

O
i_
r-«
•r—
CX

CO
•
o
ro

LO
O
"1







LO

CM

**O
CO
0
,
o


.
0



LO

,_!

i —
s:
^o
o
X
LO





in
4-J
C,'
Ol
i_
4-=
Ul

C
^
CJ
t_3

CO
*
CM
LO

LD
CM
r-™
VO
LO
CM
CO
CO

co
co
CM
CO

LO

wO
CM
co

LO
•
^
(
^^.
ro


CO

CO
LO
; —
ro
O

X
CTi
^
LO
>-,
CJ
r—
f— •
TO
**^
uo
T3
i-

•o
O
>
rz
C.
_C

0
•
CM
CO

^.
?
0
CO
CO
CO
o
r—

CM
CM



r— •

CM
r-^
CM


O
3
I-
4-^
un
C
o
c^
















































CJ
s_
^
4->
r—
^
O
•r—
L_
CD














































l/l
TO
OJ
S_
TO

CJ
CT>
TO
S_
O
4-'
CO

cc

co














o

r-
o i
1

j
1
|





CO

CO

1 —
co
O

X
r~


l/l
4-J
O
r—

O">
^£
<"*

-o
CJ
>
TO
f"?
C
                                                                                    >>
^
0
I—

1
UD


LO
1
CSJ


r—4

O
•
LO

co
0


co
CM


-

LO
•
CM
r—
CO
0
CO
co
a\
LO
o
CM
LO


.
r^»
r~~-
r— •

r_
CO
CO

co
o
CM
CO
i
                                                                                           o '
                                                C-84

-------
 cu
CO

CX
s:
CO
LlJ
EX
O
UJ
rx






i-
c
o

•«
v.
o
—
u
CJ
>>
_O
in
C
D

"(J~l
LO
=

C

T^"
n.







ro
O

-
CO



IX)








,— -




ro





CXJ



r-(

*->
-i- CJ
> •4—'
-4J i-
L>
"*



>>
S_
0
•CD
CJ
4->
ro
O

CJ
LJ
S_
^
C






















O
1 —

o
o








C\J
0

CSJ
*


















£*~) 1


_
i *























* •
^^
~



T—
o







o
CM

CM
O
CM
O








**
o

•^3-
•
t~**

CM
, —

CM
D









*:3-
0

CM
«
^~.


CM
•
0





















TX.
CM
CM
*
CM









CO
W

1***.
»
OvJ

!



o
CO

CM
ID
CO
ID








in
*-

f—
•
CO
U3
CM
^
co
VD
ID
CO
T—
ID
in
r_


in
CO

••a-
i
CMl • —


^
1 *


^.
•
o cr.

t 1





CM
o








r—
CJ
33
lf_

t^
ro
^^ ! -1 	
«— * -4~>
\ — ' C
LO
m^
-^~
^7~
0
CO : t 3
CJ
13!
• i —
ir,
CJ
IX













^_
CJ
3
M-

"D
C
t~-4
*-^
C

O

j
°^
O


^
o












ITl
J_
o
-t->
ro
v_
CJ
c:
-r—
u
c
*~"


^
O
















t-
., —
c^
•**«^
! 	
-, 	
rc
•^





—
0















• •
J— —
uo
"7^
f~^

UJ
"^»
t— -*
H-
•— t
C-3
~^J
^ !
o
CO


t_>
re
f*^
•




t/>
TD
s-
rD
>^

~C^
rC
C
L-
T—
• t—
ro
IX
cn
o

|
ID
O
x
in





in
-4-J
CD
OJ
s_
-t-J
10

EH
n
o
T-^
"



1—
,_!
CM
CM
CTi
"
CO
CM
CTl
CM
in
tn
CO
ID
CO



CO
t —

f^^
•
ro


ID
•
CNJ



-*X
co


Ol
CM
CO
( —
CO
o

X
o^
r"~
10
>->
CJ
^-«
T 	
ro
**^
10
-o
i-

-o
QJ
>
re
a.
c.
=>
^
CO


u
to
CM
o-i





l/l
ro
OJ
i»
rO

•o
CJ
£_
r3
OJ
^—
*-*





































































,—
CM











CM
O

1 —
,
•HK

I










|

i
; I




i \














IT
D
•r—
-(->
O
3
S-
4->
in
C
O
c_>
j














O)
s_
*^
-*-*
r—
~^.
t^)
•i —
i_
CD
<=:












t/>
ro
CJ
i_
ro

CJ
CTJ
ro
i_
C
^_;
CO



CO
, 	

t—
TO
o
X

•


CO
•t-3
O
^-~

CD
'^
£2-

•o
CJ
>
rc
Q.
C
^



























































s_
^_j
S-
0
CJ
to
>>
_Q
10
E
O
•r—
IS>
en
UJ


^0
D


cn
I
UD


"?
CM

^ — i



re
0
CM
..j!


CO
o


•*
CM

O
T-L


CO
CO
CO
UD

T>-
CO


co
co
<—
ro
r~-

t—
LO
O
CO
^3-
^

in
CO
CO

-------
 1/1
 O
 C

T3
 o
 o
    C  S_
   ••- -O
   3  05
       3
              fl
              O-i
    QJ
       OJ
1/1
^ 5
i+-
y
~ >! C
C^. ' '•• O
O ' oo
vO ' -^ " |
1 — ' UJ OJ GO
2: jl > 1—
o : 2
,i

i

; a;
l

i C.
f
t
ll
\
" 4^1
C E
0

C\J
C\J
0
CNJ
1
c;
00
OJ
—
OJ
Q.
O
4J
4-J
C
(1» ^
C O)
C t->
O)

                                         C-86

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE  (Number 17)
SAROAD code - 451700002
Location - Tillman Health Center, 222 South Campbell Street, El  Paso, TX
UTK coordinates - 359.8  3514.4
Monitor height - 35 ft., OR roof of building
Topography - no special  terrain
Localized sources, vn'thin 200 ft of monitor -
Source
Distance
Description
Florence Street
First Avenue
Campbell Street
Parking lot



Air qual ity date -

Monitor Year

F01 1982
F01 1983
A07 1980
A07 1981
A07 1982








Annual
TSP

99.2
95.5
125.3
115.7
164.9
144 feet
84 feet
120 feet
Adjacent




arithmetic mean, \
IP

0
0
73.2
60.1
94.7








ag/m3
PM1Q
1U
0
0
0
0
0
Paved, 2065 ADT
Paved, 2065 ADT
Paved, 9710 ADT
Paved, adjacent
east, west, and
south sides of
building

No. of samples
TSP IP PM

52 0 0
51 0 0
43 27 0
20 52 0
450
                                                                            10
                                     C-87

-------
One mile radius around Tillman Health Center, 222 S. Campbell Street, El Paso,
                             (Site 17)
                                 C-88

-------
 QJ
4-)

CO
>-
CsL
o
CO
CD
4->
C
QJ
          ro
          QJ
          C
          ro
          O!


         CO









S-
c
40

s_
o

o
CJ
I/)
00
O
ro
•4-J
o
1 —

CTi

CO

r^



ViJ




LO

^3-
•r— 1
1/1
co|
J^
rr
[_,J
c.
CO
1 —










r-";



CxJ


r—t

2
•,- QJ
> 4-3
•i- ro
4-> S-
o
"*

^w
S-
o
cn
QJ

ro
CJ

CJ
CJ
s^
^























r^
o


ro
O

O



CXI
O



) 	

O
, —
CD
















j








ro
i-^


^.

-^
^


•*
,_



ro

0
ro
O
CSJ
ro


O

O



"°.
1 —



^.

CD






1 OO






















• •
2T
O
•— *





















O
ro
r^^
_CXI
0

co
CT>
en



-*
r-.
CXI
' —

^.

ro







^

















'oj
3
4-

r—
ro
•r—
4-J
(— , c
L/~,
m."
^2.
*=c~
C O
co i o

QJ
~O
., —
CO
GJ
c£





r—
O











r—
QJ
3
H-

"O
C
t— *
^^^
£=
^
C
t_J

^— 1 ,


ro
O

cn
o












m
J-
c

ro
i_
QJ
C
• r—
LJ
C
t_*



«*
o



r^
r~^
ro
r^
O
CXI
CXI
S
cn
CO
ro

ro
CTl
r—
CXI

co

cn
co
CD
ro



L_O


oo
o
r—
*
o
C\J

ro
CXI
ro



"°.
O
ro


CD

O
CXI





























t
LO























s_
• f—
<£
*^^
r—
., —
re
a:












• •
h-
to
3*^3
(~7l

Lul
>*
»— 4
|_
1 	 <
CD
~~^
j__l_


•5J-
CO
ro
CD
CXI


0
ro

cn
o
^


t/)
-a
S—
fC
>^

"C
re
O
i_
r—
•r—
fC
ry





1
0
cri
CXI
CT.
CXJ

S
£>
O

X
ro
CXI
^



CO
^J
QJ
QJ
S-
-1-J
cn

C
re
o
r^
c_3
ro
C.O
'



I—
>
ro
O
f—
X
cn
CD
i/)
QJ
t—
r—
ro
•"•v^
cn
T3
i-

-a
QJ
>
ro
Q.
C
ID
1
















cn
ro
QJ
S-
ro

~o
CJ
S—
re
o
r—
CJ

CXI
CXI
f—
'











,_J.

o
CSJ
o
, —
cn

























,_
00





Oi
0


CXI
r~^











i


i





CO
o
•=3-

(_>
ro

en
.
cn




c
o
• r—
4^
CJ
3
S~
4-J
CO
r~
O
£ 	 }


CTl
US*




CXI



CXI
ro



CXI

O
cn
o



























QJ
s-
3
-4-1
r—
3
CJ
•r—
s_
CD
e^










t_j
ro

CT.



t/)
rO
QJ
i_
ro

OJ
CT,
re
^_
c
^_;
CO


CXI
,_!

CXI
o

I—
ro
O

X
o
ro

4-)
0
r—

cn
_>^r
CL

~o
O
>•
PO
O-
cz
r^



^
O
CJ
QJ

JO
CO
c:
c
CO
CO
E
LjJ


ro
O
t—

ai
i
CD



cn
i
C\J


. — i


rc
O
CJ


ro
r-^


CO




'
CM


CD
O

0
>— (
t —
£
o
°
CTl
CO
CXI

CM
co



LO
1^
ro

cn
o
^
CXI
o
CXI
en
ro
ro
co



^o
CTl
ro

,_
£;

,
Ll_
1— ^~
HD o
^^ —
1
                                                             C-89

-------
1/1

4-
>


(.
<


















1
.._;
^



CT>


co


r-»


UD




LD




^

-.-
fX,




'

*>
J
• o
» -^J
" o
J —
;


>^
^_
O
cn
tu

ro
^_j

C
O
Sw
3
Q
uo
















































. .
^^
CD

h-
GO
—
— -
T~
•^:
O



o
o


CM
O

,-_
o




CM
O


_
.
o





















o

c^

f—
ra

-(— '
r;
C-'
"w
., —
(_/-
^
Cl



•—
O




























,_

o










r..
CJ

tf_

•13

t—
x^^
z^
pz
C
<_5



CM
LT>


O
ri_

O
r_I

O
, —

O
,_!


CM
t
0



CM
O

CM
CM
0


53-
.
O











1/1

c

rO
S-
CJ
^
.p—
o
c
•— •



•*
CM


,_
o

LO
O




CM
,_


00
4
o







OO
o




















t_
•r-
<;
^N^
r—
•i —
rc
c:













































• •
h-
oo
H3
cs

LU
>«
i— <
| —
t— <
C£3
~~^
u-



ro
en
ro
y~" '
ro
iri

LO
C5
ro



0
uo
sO

«5
.
cc







CO
'

CO
.
,—

u


LO
O



(/>
-a
S—
fC
>^

"^
T
O
i_
r—
•r-
,—
C£
C


CM
CM
CO
CO
CNJ
CD
ro
CM
vo
ro
r^
CM
CM
ro
us
r-

^
*
e^-
ro


r^-
^-.-..u.
CVI
^
*>.


r-
.
i —
ro
r—
O

X
ro
CM




on
4_J
CJ
CJ
s_
a_J
(/>

d
O
O
r—
0
,-9C


0
CM
ifl

f^
U3

( —
CC
""**



r—
r^
P—

tn
*
pM
r— »






-






t—
ro
0

X
LD
to
CJ
r^
r—
*O
•»^^
to
•o
^_

-o
CJ
>
r^
f
c~
=r>
)













































I/)
ro
CJ
s..
ro

•^
CJ
s_
ro
CJ
t —
c->



CM
1 —
un














^.
»
o



o
0
Cvj



co
.
o
CM

0
ro

LD
«
in




c:
o
•r—
•4-j
(_j
^
s_
4-J
CO
CT
C
<-i
















































CJ
s^
3
•4— >
r—
"~*.
O
•f—
1-
~,
«=:



CM
,-j!








UO
c

r —
ro





















u
ro

CTi



i/l
ro
a.
^.
ro

CJ
cr^
fo
s_
c
^-^
<~r>

'

CTi ,
ro i





r^
O




CC
, —


r—

O



L.O
O


. 1
o
1

1 —
•
o

1 —
ro
0
r—
X
o
ro

-*->
O
r—

cn
*•'
D.

-o
CJ
>
ro
d.
d
13




^
C
4— '
U
CJ
1/1
C
0
't7'
OO
rc
O
H—

CTi
1
VO


LO
I
rs.


ro
CO

ro
.
"^O



co
CO

co

^rf
^

LO r-^-
* *
r- «a-
1 ^;

•— €
i —
LT)

,
t 	
^

CM

V-O
P,,^

                                                                                                                                                                  co
                                                                                                                                                                  CTl
                                                                                                                                                                  L_0

-------
CJ
o
o
o
                          CTi
                                    I—   -vf


                                    co   un
               LD
               ro
                 uo   LT>   LT>   LT>   in
                 ro   ro   ro   ro   ro
                          CM   CO
               LT)
               LD
               ro
                 UD
                 LT>
                 ro
O
i^3
LT)   LT>
tn   tn
ro   ro
Oj   •
O  O)


ro •!-
4_!  00
oo
               O

               ro
                          CNJ
                    rsj
     i—   LO   r-.

     ro   ro   «=J-
*— 1
3D I S~
oo j >, o
LU ' C 0^ 5T

Ci
C = C^
••— C
*"O LO 4^
CO ' -0
00
1 —
•y

O
ex.



























'£ r— C_
1 t 1 QJ OO
> 1 —

j i 	

|









CL)
rO


^
r-
r3
_
^^








aj
j_> ^-^


c: E

CTl CD
o cc
O ro
ro


r- f^
• »
r-^ CM
CM "^t-
ro






«
u
C
>— (

00
1 —
^~
• ( —
5:

u 
CM



.
O
C
»_H

f
t/I
CU
'll
S-
(U
3
o-

u
o
r>^

O

ro
Q-

, —
UJ


ro

O
O
ro
i —


r-
•
0

CM

J
^

C
ro
Q.
E
0
f i

c:
ro

to
S-
CL)
^
O
s-
co

S-
Ol
'^
i_
ro
Q.


<^-

"*
^!
o
^?


ro
•
CTi
r--
^j-

0
o
C
CJ
E
QJ
O

-o
C
ro
4-3
s»
o
Q.

S_
CD
4_>
00
O)
3
r~
4-J
^
O
OO


LT>

O-i
ro
i — .
^d"


o
«
ro
co
«3~

















0
C
»— «

•*
O
u
ro
X
CL>
1—


VO
                                                C-91

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 18)
SARCAD code - 451700031
Location - 2616 W.  Paisano, El  Paso, TX
UTM coordinates - 355.3  3517.3
Monitor heiaht - 10 feet
ropography - no special  terrain
Localized sources, withir 200 ft of monitor -
source                             Distance                      Description
Air auality data -
Unpaved Road                       Adjacent                   Adjacent to east
                                                               side of monitor
                          Annual arithmetic mean, ug/m3       No. of samples
Monitor   Year           TSP	IP	PM1Q     TSP    IP    PM10


  602     1982           169.9          0             0      56      0     0
  G02     1983           139.2          0             0      57      0     0
                                      C-92

-------
One mile radius around 2616 W. Paisano, El Paso.   (Site  18)
                                 C-93

-------
1
1

j

j


|

t







s_
c
o
o

''O
4-J
C
h-

-

co
-
vo

CJ i
CO 1 LD
LT>


•—
J_J
c
I—




co





LD



^r
































































CO
, —


CM
O




LT)
O

r-
o

o

: | i

















i |
1 ' !
*l ^
CO

CO
co
CSJ
r*>^



O
fsj
CO
CM
LD

CO
o
CM

LD
co

CM
,_

r-
CO
L_n

0
^-

I

co
CTi
—
U3
ro
CM
CM

I

i—
'="
0
r^
co
^

—
r—
*—

CO
cc
CM


ro
3D
O
CM
CM



I

















1












i
i
















i
s
i
















i : ; ; ;


i-
S-
o
4_J
U
c
i/;
•°
o
_ r_
CO
CO
•*""
LJ



03
' 3
O


CT")
1



en
i
CM







CO
r-^


50
t
O


ro

0



CM
0


^
ro
2:

r—
*
CM
0
o
0
*
VD
r^~
CM


en


O
ID
^

CT>
•
CM
O
0
CO
•
*^O
r--*
CM

CO
LT>
ro

                                                                                                               L/"      i
 Ol
^J

LO
0£
^3
O
         03
         CO
         03
         0_
         co
         ai
          CJ











CM

i CM ^ ' f~-
; ! c
CM O
! !
QQ i ~^ , 	 ~J '
1 • CM i n— • r— tO • !
i ; : ' • ' i i
| ' !
j

"


4-»
•r-
^

-t-
- QJ
* 4->
- 03
-> s_
0
G

















>fcj
i_
O
CD
CJ

ro
U

QJ
U
^

















. •
2T
O









'QJ
3














OJ

r^
• -—
•— " ' -i—
t— — • c
i_O
— ^
—
5 ; o

CJ

to
GJ
Di
^
*l -

•o
c

^^
s
o

! 1 1







CM j
o I













(/)
^
C

CO
S-
QJ
c
u

1—4











S—
•r—
^^
•^»^
^
o;
^^











> •
h-
U1
^
O

UJ
^»
h— <
H-
S
— '.
U.
UD CM
co
CSJ


(j
03

^_
CO
*~~


CO
"X3
s_
O3
>^

T3
03
O
s_
1 —
03
^
CM
^«

H-
^1
to
O

X

ro



CO
4-!
QJ
CJ
^.
4-J
!/>

^
ro
r—
°
oo
,_!
r.^

i —
ro
O

X
en
en
CO
CJ
^~
p—
03
*^^
CO
~^3
S-

~O
0
>
£.
c
— '
i 1 1
° ' ' 1
CO
CO


o


p^
CTv
1



CO
re
QJ
• W
03

"O
CJ
i_
7,
r—
0













c
o
-r—
•4— >
o
3
s_
4-^
CO
C
"

1















CJ
^_
3
4J
r—
^
O
'f"










CO
fD
OJ
i_
03

CJ
CT>
rc
b
^^ 1 *-'
*~ | t/~'







CO
4->
O
r—

C71
^'
O.

"O
CJ
>
03
CL
C
=
                                                        C-94

-------
 OJ
4-J
CO



>-
o:
rD
o
UJ
cr
          o

          ro
          ro
         G_
          1/1
          OJ
         CO
         oo








s_
>>
c:
o
4-=

r
c
o
c
c'
>,
_^>
CO
"7

--
'
: 	

_^








>
4-
^
•T
C.
<



















ro
4-J
C
1 —


CT.

CO
1 —

CO




LO

^r




r-"«


CXJ





i — i
->
CJ
j i
ro
S_




>,
s_
o
CD
CJ
4J
ro
(_)

CJ
CJ
^
^
C
CO












































. •
1ZL
0

h—
or;
~
u_
^'~
o
c_;


















.




















, 	
CJ

u±

r—
<"C
.__
— ;
C
CJ
's..
-» —
L^
C'
CSL










































r—
OJ
3
<4-

-o
C
f— .
	
^
™
o
<_j











































CO
s_
c
4->
ro
S_
CJ
C
., —
LJ

t—t


CO
•—

00
0


en
o
•—
o



,
0








00
•
0



OO
O














s_
>, —
<

, —
., —
re
CZ.









































• •
r—
CO
:r>
o

UJ
~Z~*
\ — <
I—
c— .
C3

l~
I

f-~
r>
r~
r—


r-
r-

oc
ex
cr
r-^
0,


CO
1
0
1




ro

cn
co
•
«s-
r~


CO
<*
O
ro
*3-
co
r~"



CO
•o
i-
ro
>,

-o
re
O
S_
, —
., —
ro
CC


; ^
CT
C
p—

c:
O"


LT
CC
LO
tr

cv

CO
1
r—





r^
•
ro
•*
•
O
P_


00
r-^
1 —
>
CO
O
X
,_
co




CO
4->
CM
CJ
!_
4~>
uo

C
ro
CJ

(_>


Ln
^s-
cr>

CO
CO
00

o
CO
oo

,„
00

CTi

r-~





ro

ro
ro
•
CO



CO
CO
1 —
s:
ro
O
X
o->
cn
CO
^^
-•^
Ol
r—
i 	
ro
"^^^
in
-o
s-

•o
0)
>
ro
Q-
C
Z3


CO
00
CO
ro

ro
i —
«3-

00
en
^n
oo
CO
CO









o
•
CO
«3-
0

en
ro


ro
oo
*3-
O
fO
r~-
CTi
r—




CO
ro
O)
S_
ro

-o
CJ
s_
re
0
i —
C_J>











































c:
o
• i —
+->
0
^
S-
4->
CO
C.
O
CJ












































a
s-
3
4-J
^~
22
CJ
• 1 —
s_
^
<










































CO
ro
CJ
s_
ro

CJ
CD
rc
t_
O

CO







































CO
4-^
O
1 	

cn
_^:
0.

t3
GJ
>
ro
a.
c
ZD


s_
>->
4_J
s_
c
4_>
(_j
CJ
l/l
>~>
JO
CO
c
o
CO
CO
cz
LU

ro
4— ^
o
i—
cn
i
CO


LO
i
oo
i — i

00

co
o


ro
O
00
o
oo
«3-
<=j-
r-~
, —
cn
00
en

3-
r-~
cn
Cn
00
en

t-^
•*

-------
0*
C
*J
_w
-3
^_
C
o
<->
s: x
; t—

^3 i
1 3
! CT
; 'I
|t QJ **
1 ££

-uj on
'-° _
4-



£, . 0
— "LT' sf""
•• •- S "~
— ^ 	 ( —
t— ; C; -^
GJ









i S2
f?
c
J ,
1 j—

i, nj
^ O_



t1


1

S-
c
• *-> -G


o ^ ^ in
^» *^" C71 P^
m in in in
oo oo oo oo


CO «3- C\J 00
L.O O O L.O
in uo uo in
oo oo oo oo
C\J C\J r— r—




<^~ CTi ^T OO
t i t t
•=> <— oo o




Ci O ^-O O
c; cc en o
0 00 CM 00
• — >~- O —
r^^ c\j 0*1 O
c\j <^ in (^o
oo cxi c\j
J
e
J =
~ rc
^ . »— i Q.
i— / c
c • o
— -, oo c_;
o
». -r- T3
00 S- C
r— S- <13
i — ns
•r- 3 01
21 Cr S-
OJ
. i— _^ ^~
O1 O *-J 4-*
c ID • o o
— i 4-! C£ S-
00 02
O
O i- oo i-
O 
C
Q_

£Z
i.
.2
tn
ai
S
r~
4mf
3
O
UO



^
en
in
oo


•=r
00
m
oo
^




oo
<
, —




o
^
CNJ
0
^C
CNJ




O
•^;
1
*<
«
o

.^
i_
4-}
u
o
UJ

o
00
"3
C-

r_
LU










































O

— J
TO
+->
(J~i

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE  (Number  19)
SAROAD code - 451710004
Location - Clint High School, Highway 20, Clint, TX
UTM coordinates - 383.4  3495.3
Monitor height - monitor no longer located at site
Topography - no special  terrain
Localized sources5  within 200 ft of monitor -
Source
Highway 20
          Distance
          Unknown
 Paved,  3100  ADT
Air quality data -
Monitor   Year
 Annual arithmetic mean, yg/m3
TSP           IP           PM,,
 No.  of  samples
rsp     IP     PM
A07
A07
A07
1980
1981
1982
91.4
67.0
89.0
57.0
46.1
52.8
1U
0
0
0
43
50
41
41
53
33
0
0
0
                                                                            •10
                                     C-97

-------
One mile radius around Clint,  IX,  Clint  High  School.  (Site 19)
                                 C-98

-------
CT,



 QJ
4->


LO
LlJ
O
cc

o
co

<:
UJ
CL
\    V


!   co








*
o
~
o
o
CJ
^
en
^
£
r~~
c:
~
h-





>
4-
•i—
>

^-
<_
<


















,_
ro
O
1 —
CTi
CO





CO



LO

^T



ro

CM


,_,

->
>
• CJ
•*-}
• ro
i_





>^
i_
O
CD
CJ
4_>
ro
C_)

CJ
(_)
c_
^
C
oo








































. .
"^
0

f—

— :

~~
O
0
, —
CD




r-
CD



























, 	
CJ
3


, —
rc
•i —
-*—>
C
CJ
~^
., —
LO
CJ
Ci






































,—
QJ
r:
**-

*o
c
>_-4
^^
^
J^
C
o
CM
, —

0
o

CO
CD







-1
O


CM
O



, —
CD













CO
i_
O
4-J
ro
i_
CJ
C
.f—
u
c
t— »
CO
CD

CM
CD


CM
CD














CM
O




















S_
• i—
c^|
"^^
, —
-f—
rc
cx:





































• •
) 	
CO
r~^i
f"~^

UJ
^>
v—^
i —
»— *
t_D
ZD
u-
^j-
CM
•
co


*±
ro
CM










CM
•
LO

O
CM






U
ro

«^-
CM



CO
•^J
S-
ro
>^

-o

O

, —
., —
ro
^
co
, 	
CM
2
00

00
<^

CM


CO
[...r1_





uo
CM

^
0


ro

1 —
^
>•
^»O
o
,—
X
^




(/)
4—)
QJ
CJ
s»_
-l_"
LO

C
O
cu
r—
0
CM
LO

O
CM
CM
CTi




CM
"—




CM
00


i —
CM

CTi


*

^
CO
o
f^
X
CO
CO
CO
QJ
1 —
r—
ro
^••^
CO
~C5
c.

~T^
CJ
^
rc
C.
C
33
CTi
CO


"^














oo
LO
f\J


CM
f^



O
ro

oo
1




CO
ro
CJ
^_
ro

•a
o
s_
ro
QJ
r—
°







































c:
o
•/—
-4— *
(_J
^
S^
^— '
CO
c
o
0
r—
,-J
*»o
*»o
LO
co
ro
CT.
ro
.3-
, 	
CO
CM
ro

•3;
.^^
CO
^
co





LO
CTi

CO
^
CTi
0
ro

ro
«^-
o







QJ
i_
23
4»>
r—
3
O
• i —
i_
cn
"^
co
CM


LO

CTi
0











CM
^








O
ro

i^-
1




LO
ro
QJ
S_
ro

CJ
cn
ro
i_
O
4—'
00
CO
CO


O

CM
LO











CO
r






>
•o
CD
f—
X
CD
CM

LO
4_)
O
^-«

cn
^^
CL

~U
CJ
>.
ro
CL
C
23
                                                          C-99


^
c
4-J
O
QJ
CO

JO
CO
o
LO
LO
LU



O
CJ
CJ
cc

ro
O
1 —
CTi
1
CO




CO
1
CM



. — I






CT,
i— '

ro




CO
0


i—
O

C~~l
i — i
I —
!S
s
o
^O
*«O
CO
co
CM
1


O
co
C\l


co
CM
1—

1 ; .
^*
\ 	
^
LO
CO
J5
co
CM
J


LO
CO
CM


CTi
CM




-
r^

-------
cn   !
! i 1
— ~ i

*—
1—


cn



00


r-.




"°




0
]
i






















r—
C5






i























O l£>
r— i O


_
0


r_
0

q-
o



CM
0





CM
O

1














| :
i






















Cn j Cn
^
CO
•B
o
«^





Ci
,__'
i —






CM


cn
CM


, 	
,_!


CM



LD
•—

-_



O
UD
ro

ro
CM
r_
O1
i i


ro i
CM





1
•53- ro
u->






ro
^



i
^





















^

r^
LT> , t^.
^O


0
ro ,

j

• j
CM !
CM
CM
iri
01
r—
O
o
cn





CM O

LfJ
O

Oi
CM
i
I i



<-D_
|
1
LO '
i

CM

ro i
i I i

=
-
^~—








\_
<






















r.




i
^
• CJ
» -l_!
J S-
;




^>^
^_
o
cn
a;

ro
u

c.'
;__;
^_
^
o
'-O





















. •
-£T
o
I— 1
1 —
LO
zz
-^~
^rr
CD
^
















( —
CJ

L, —

^™
r^
•r—
— J
CI
C-'
"^
. ,_

c
cz



















r—
GJ

l4_

T3
C
^— t
*•* 	
•^
^
^
0


0
C\J



r-
O











U**
i_
c

r^
i_
C!
C
•r—
^
^
*—«




cx;
O



















S-
._
e^
*-*^
r~"
•r-
fw
ex


















. .
h-
LO
"""*)
o

i -i
^>
i— •
i—
, — ,
o
mD
^



r —
CM
ro






o
'O

^f
CM



i/l
"^2
s_
re
>^

"^
re
o
1-
r—
•r-
rc
Ci



"1
ro
0


O
CM
I—
>
O
r_
X
"*




L/1)
4-»
a1
CJ
t_
•4-J
l/^

c:
r^
c
r—
5-3
„
"".

CM
Ln


ro
*
I —
ro
0
x
CO

1/1
o'
r__
r—
03
--^,
tn
"O
s.

•^
OJ
>
^c
C-
c
1=5



CM



r^
ro


LJ

ro
1 —




1/1
ro
CJ
i_
ro

"O
CJ
£—
re
CJ
r—
0




















CZ
O
•^
-*-J
(_;
m
s~
•^— !
LO
C
c
^


cr-

cr
cc


CTi
^

ro
ro
<^"
O
1 —






CJ
So
Z5
— J
r—
13
U
• r—
i»
^1
<



r-'







u
•o

CJ-
' —




l/l
re
O
S_
re

C
c~*
f^
j 	
^
._.'
^
j


r-— '


i


1 —
CO
O
X
cn
CM

t/1
-»— J
O
1—

cr,
^^
Q.

-a
GJ
>
re
C.
C
ZD
                                                                    s!
                                                                    c
ro
O

C,
^
LO
1
CM1
r--
^



O



CM
ro
co
0
CO
-
,-J.

oo
ro
ro
-
ro
cn
^.

                                                                      — I  01
                                       C-1QO

-------
          o
         -o
          s_
          c
          o
            "O 
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE (Number 20)
SAROAD code - 060520001
Location - 2935 South, 8560 West, Kagna, Utah
UTM coordinates - 407.6  4506.6
Monitor height - 25 feet
Topography - no special terrain
Local'zee sources, within 20C ft of monitor -
raved pc'-k"inc                      20 feet                       North of site
Ai r Qua!i ty data -

                          Annual arithmetic mean, vg/m3       No. of samples
Monitor   Year           TSP           IP           PMin     TSP    IP    PM
F02
F02
£07
A07
407
1982
1983
1980
1981
1982
52.2
55. 1
87.0
69.0
53.6
0
0
0
44.0
30.2
	 j.u
0
0
0
0
0
12
56
28
AC
. 
-------
^^^^^^^f^^s^^f^ss^s^s^^^^^^^^^^^^Sff^s^
^^^°^rrrf ~~7" i ^-^&

i
4*.


I' X,
1 *^
1 (^
1
|
, 1
i - -
i! " ' - "'
I- •

   v,  Pefp^Mion  \ }in
  \ H>         • L

A \\.-''I-------E":r'

              |H«
                                                                              T^  21

  One mile  radius around 2935  South, 8560  West,  Magna, Utah.   (Site  20)
                                        C-103

-------
c;
CU
CD
tx
3
LU
O
UJ
CC
•=C
1
i
|
1
|
i
1
I
1
C
en
i ".
cy
CO
i_
4-J
S_
^^
C
LO
4-J
O
1 —
cr.
CC
-
0
LO





1 — .
O
O
en
o
£
CM
j
I
r,
' — 1

CM
0
O
o
o
o
o
0
o
o
3












!






VO
•sr
co
0
ro
cc
.
CO
CM
.
cr,
CM
r-_
cc
co
co
O
CM
J
•a-
CTi
—
S.
CO
CM

tn
CO
r—

CO

CO
s

CTv
un
r^.
LD
in
ro


Lf)
CM
CM
O
CM
LO
in
cr>
O1
LT>






-'
0



o
1
1
, C-.I r- j , r- j r~. CM ,
1 !
,010; j

•r- flj
U
Source category


SI
O
1 —
. 0
ro
0

Residential fuel
0

o
3
-o
5


Incinerators


s-


H-
rs
Q
UJ
=>
1—
C CM
• 1
( — i


l/l
T3
-o
o
•r-
CC
0
1
0
X
CO
^ Clean streets

t—
X
co
^ Unpaved rds/alleys
1 , t
i «a- , | O

u
CM

O
CD
C.
T3
CJ
CX
C

"3
C
s_
O O"i
-r-> 1
CJ ^O
OJ
E LD
C 1
••- CM
i/l
—

CM
in
~
o
o^
co
LT>
CO

0
!
! 	
T"X
^0
LO
S
UO
on
—


-------
















































S"
OJ

(V
4_)
•r—


>.
a:
S?

— ^
OO
UJ
O
?
0 !


c^
UJ
ex*
<

























1
1




































ro
^~
CT
«£-
^~

• •
CJ
-*_i
• I —
OO
















J-


c
o
-Jj Ji

J"
c
4~>
u
o

t^
—^
(/*,
^
' '
r—

L."
L/l
	
—

O
^






>
4-
>

4-
(_.
<


















_
I—

cn




oo
ow





1 —






UD




LD











ro








•>
OJ
4->
rO
^_







>->
S-
o

TO
o

0
o
i_
^
c
OO






























































..
o
t— *
(__
o"
~
rr_~.
' •
•^J
0
co
OO

r^_
CD



i--

0




r
o





r^-
o



OJ
CD



OJ
"
o




OJ
o
OJ

CD


OJ
0










, 	
o
^
t, 	
,_
-2
— J
CZ
CJ
"^^
•( —
U~.
O'
^
r—
OJ

^
o



_.
f
o




<3~
o





^
0



•-_
0



1 —
"
o




'
• — 1
r_

o


.—
o













, —
CJ
n

~o
^
•— 1
"-^
c^
p^
c
0
^.
o


0



n

o




1 —
o





1 —
0






































IS)
C
4->
r^
i-
C
C
• ) —
C_)
c:
i — i
































































s-
•r-
t^
"^ 	
i 	
-r—
rc
tt




























































. *
t—
LO
ID
O
[ ! !
>.
t— *
i —
»— i
C_3
__.
U_


'-

























































t/"/
-^
s_
^
~c
ro
O
S-
1 —
• T—
ro
C£
O
CTi
O
co
,-J
OJ


OO

OJ
OJ



r^-
, 	
OJ




in
r~^
r""


OJ
^



OJ
•
C\J




cc
.
^
L.O

"^O


00
co
s:
>.
kD
0
r**"
X
r—
CO





LO
QJ
CJ
•4-^
(^)

d
r^
c;
t —
°
LO
i~^
Ovl

r-L
i 	


LD

OJ




LO
OJ





Ol
0
^~


r-
CD












_

o




\—
^*
ro
0
^—
X
r^-
OO

(/I
QJ
i —
P —
ro
~^
"2

-o
CJ
>
ro
CL
c:
1=5
^
OJ
'





0s*

LD











oo
LD



























0
rc

OJ






OO
rc
QJ
S_
ro

~^3
CJ
^_
ro
CJ
i —
"
r~~
cr>
oo






V—*
oo




o
cn





i —
co
r^














0
c-,










o
ro

OO
' —






c
o
4->
U
3
s_
4->
01
£=
o
C_J>

cn
o
OJ
OJ
r—


OO

0
OJ



oo
^
OJ




LD
^j-
^?"


r —
OJ










OJ
.
00
co

r—






O
TO

CO

LO






CJ
^
•4-J
I 	
^3
o
•i —
s~
CT>
•^





























































UO
fO
cu
fO

CJ
CT>
^w
S—
c
T— '
00
LO
CD


O






















CM
0












OO

O




1—
2:
>
•o
CD

X
LO


to
4— ^
O
,—
CT>
C.

•7^5
CJ
>•
ro
Q_
<~
^














































































S-
>^>
ir

»
^
c
4J
LJ
QJ
LTl

--^
-Q

t/)
C
O
(/)
00
•'
E
LU












^>
LJ
O
a:

































TO
O
1 —






cn
I
LO







LO
OJ





r— 1














































CO
•
**o





CO

^^~







OJ
1 —





oo

o








—;
i —

^i.
•^
'-— -






























o

co
cn
OJ



LO
.
c-^.
LO
OO





1 —
LO
OO




OO

co







Lo
—
, —

""•~
^
'






























00

«^-
o
oo



<;;*-
.
cn
LO
OJ





oo
LO
oo




LD

co










1 i

^
1


























C-105

-------
            C1  ^D
            L.O  LT)
          ro   O   CNJ

          r"*"   p1**.   co
          coo
          LD   LT)   LT,
          ^J"   *^*   ^^
                 CSJ   00
                  LO
                  O
                       O
                                 CTl
               ro   ,—
               O   O
X5  T:
 c  s_
•i- T3
2  re
CNJ   ro   53-   eg-   ^3-
 O)   •
 U  OJ
                  ID   ID   wf!   I—

                  c—   i—   CM   n
^> \ —




CJ
£
^;
*~
s
c-





r- 0

T^—
•SL
^
1 —
>
O)
cz
O O
0? -U
CJ O
1 — <_)
3 O
o c
s_ c
— ^
s_
CNJ «r



' — ' —
*'~" ^~
"~ s_
T3 ^3
C _C
fD i-
+j S
0 0
U (J
Oi OJ
c c
c c
OJ OJ
-o
s_'
CJ
Ol
o:
^
QJ
• i—
u_
s
-"
Q
^J
QJ
—
g^
O>

            r—   CNl   CO
                                                C-106

-------
                           APPENDIX D

               STEPWISE MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION


     Multiple linear regression (MLR) is a statistical technique

for estimating expected values of a dependent variable, in this

case particulate emission rates, in terms of corresponding values

of two or more other (independent)  variables.  This technique

uses the method of least squares to determine a linear prediction

equation from a set of simultaneously obtained data points for

all the variables.  The equation is of the form:
        Concentration = B-x..  + B»x0 +...+ B x  + constant
                         11     22        n n

where x1 to >:„ = concurrent quantitative values for each
                  of the independent variables

      B, to B  = corresponding coefficients

     The coefficients are estimates of the rate of change in

emission rates produced by each variable.  They can be determined
easily by use of an MLR computer program or with a programmed

calculator.  Other outputs of the MLR program are:

1.   A correlation matrix.  It gives the simple correlation
     coefficients of all of the variables (dependent and
     independent) with one another.  It is useful for identifying
     two interdependent (highly correlated—either positive or
     negative) variables  (two variables that produce the same
     effect on emission rates), one of which should be eliminated
     from the analysis.

2.   The multiple correlation coefficient (after addition of each
     independent variable to  the equation).   The square of the
     multiple correlation coefficient is the fraction of total
     variance in emission rates that is accounted for by the
     variables in the equation at that point.

3.   Residual coefficient of  variability.  This is the standard
     deviation cf the emission rates predicted by the equation
     (with the sample data set) divided by the mean of the


                               D-l

-------
     predicted emission rates, expressed as a percent.  If a
     variable eliminates some sample variance, it will reduce the
     standard deviation and hence the relative coefficient of
     variability.
4.   Significance of regression as a whole.  This value is calcu-
     lated from an F test by comparing the variance accounted for
     by the regression equation with the residual variance.  A
     0.05 significance level is a 1 in 20 chance of the correla-
     tion being due to random occurrence.
5.   Significance of each variable.  This is a measure of whether
     the coefficient  (B) is different from 0, or that the rela-
     tionship with the dependent variable is due to random occur-
     rence.  Variables that do not meet a prespecified signif-
     icance level may be eliminated from the equation.
6.   Constant in the equation.
     The multiple correlation coefficient, unlike the simple
correlation coefficient, is always positive and varies from 0 to
1.0.  A value of zero indicates no correlation and 1.0 means that
all sample points lie precisely on the regression plane.  Because
cf rand err. fluctuations in -he data and inability to identify ail
the factors affecting concentrations, the multiple coefficient is

never 1.0, even when concentrations trac.-c known variables VPI"
closely.  Therefore, it is important to test for statistical
significance.
     The form of MLR in the program used in this study was step-
v.-ise MLR.  Variables were added to the equation in order of
greatest increase in the multiple correlation coefficient, and
the concentrations were then adjusted for that variable and
regressed against the remaining variables again.  The procedure
can be ended by specifying a maximum number cf variables or a
minimum F value in the significance test.
     A statistically significant regression relationship between.
independent variables and concentration is no indication that the
independent variables cause the observed changes in concentra-
tion, as both may be caused by a neglected third variable.
                               D-:

-------
                           APPENDIX E
           DESCRIPTION OF EMPIRICAL PARTICULATE MODEL

     The empirical particulate model represents an approach to
quantifying the relationship between particulate emissions and
ambient concentrations.  It was developed primarily by EPA, and
is based on the correlation previously observed between measured
particulate concentrations and emission density within a 1-mile
radius surrounding the sampler.  The technique for inventorying
particulate sources within this area has evolved to its present
state over a period of about 6 years.  The technique, commonly
referred to as a microinventory,  is described in detail ir.
Appendix A.
FORM OF EMPIRICAL MODEL
     The form of the model is a multiple linear regression
equation with annual geometric mean particulate concentration as
the dependent variable and seven independent variable terms.  The
independent variables are annual area source emissions within 1
mile, annual point source emissions within 5 miles, local sources
(particularly traffic-related), presence of dirt on the nearest
street, and three city-specific adjustments to the background
concentration.  These variables were determined by screening
approximately 30 potential variables by simple linear regression
and selecting the independent ones with the highest partial
correlations.  Stepwise multiple regression was then employed to
derive the coefficients for each of the terms in the equation and
to obtain the statistical values used to judge the accuracy of
the regression equation.
     The data base for developing the model was generated at "?9
sites in four ci-ies.  Each site had measured concentrations,

                               E-l

-------
rnicroinventory results, and other information  such  as  surrounding
land use and distances to the sources.  The multiple correlation

(R) with the seven variables was 0.876, based  on  the use  of  all

79 data sets; none was eliminated as outliers.  Therefore, the

seven variables explained 0.767 of the variance  (R2) in measured
concentrations.

     The resulting general equation is as  follows:
        AVGAQ = 0.00451 (AREA) + 0 . 000 96 (POINT) -•-
                50.5 (LOCAL) + 18.6(VISDT)  +
                (DPT, DSC, D3, or 0) + 57.2

  where AVGAQ = Predicted annual geometric mean,  mo/m3

                    Al  } (_25\ . (A2-5\ + (A6-9
                  G.0324/ VEGT/  ' vo.ie/ T \o.6084
           A. = Total area source emissions in sector  i,  ton/yr
            1   (i = 1 to 9)
          HGT = Height of sampler, ft
                     PS EH.
        POINT --=  £   	^-  (WWF)
                -: _"  "•>  ^

            n = Number of ocir.t sources within 5  rri
        FSEM.. = Emissions from point source i, ton/yr
           D7 = Distance to point source i, mi  (lower  limit  of
            -   n  : JT n 9 r \
                LJ _. — v . £ ~ \
          vrv.'F = Wind weigrtina factcr computed 2s T,'"ird  rfrecuencw
                (*)  in quadrant where source  is iccatef divic^c
                by 25, dimensionless.   (The frequency  of  winds
                was determined from._NV,"S data  taken  at  the nearest
                station or a compilation of the two nearest
                stations' data.)
                   In ADT.      In ADT0
        LOCAL =              *
                VHGT2+DIS12    VHGT2
         ADT. = Average daily traffic  on^nearby  road  i,  vein/day
         DIS1 = Distance to road  i,  ft (upcer  limit of  DIS.  is
             1   200)                       *                x
        VISDT = 0 if no visible plume  results  from passing
                traffic, 1 if there  is a  plume
 DPT, DSL, DB = Dummy variables to account for different back-
                ground concentrations  in  each  of the  cities
                relative to Kansas City:
                DPT = -21.6  (Portland), DSL =  -6.6  (St.  Louis),
                DB = -6.9  (Birmingham)

     Corresponding multiple regression equations with different
coefficients and only four variables can  be developed by using


                               E-2

-------
the smaller data set from any one city.  For example, the equa-
tion derived with just the 32 Kansas City sites would be:
        AVGKC = 0.0054(AREA)  + 0.00057(POINT) +
                55.2(LOCAL)  + 10.6(VISDT) + 57.6
The equation using the 23 St. Louis sites would be:
        AVGSL = 0.0019 (AREA)  -I- 0 . 0020 (POINT) +
                45.9(LOCAL)  + 25.0(VISDT) + 56.0
EVALUATION OF MODEL
     Three independent evaluations of the model were performed:
one from the statistics provided by the stepwise multiple regres-
sion program, the second by testing stability of the coefficient,
and the third by testing the model's predictions with data from
32 additional sites in three other cities.
     The summary statistics from the stepwise multiple regression
analysis with 79 data sets are presented in Table E-l.  Prior to
the regression analysis, a correlation matrix was prepared to
determine whether intercorrelations between any of the variables
could bias the results.   The variables were all found to be
independent.  The F rest was used to determine whether each of
the individual variables was significant.  The critical F value
of 2.87 at the 99 percent level for seven variables and 79 obser-
vations, compared with the F values in Table E-l, indicated that
all the variables except the city-specific adjustments to back-
ground were highly significant.
     The standard errors for the variable coefficients were
(again, with the exception of the city-specific variables) only
about 20 percent of the coefficient values.  The standard error
of the regression equation was 13.6 pg/m3, about 17 percent of
the average measured concentration.  The relative errors for all
but 3 of the 79 predicted concentrations were less than 28 per-
cent.  It should be emphasized again that none of the data sets
from the four cities was removed before performing the regression
analysis, although some were suspected to contain anomalies.
                               E-3

-------


















o~
_J
e^ I
"2- i
«^

21
O
OO '
^— ; i
c£ '

.j- ,
—
w^J
Lo i
o

>- !
cx
c£ '
^r .
^ '
LT

r— J
|
L_J

LU
_J
<
1—











i


i
I

i
l^— I"-™*-.
QTsJ
Qi

13
C i/> "C
> Q.
— S- 0
4-> 0 =
fC ~w
i 	 ^™ £;
i 3 c s-

3 +-> i/i
O S- SJ
0 i-
•D. fU
C 3
i- cr

$- a*
O> 3
1 -*— i r—
Z5 rc
C. >
^
O LJ-



O •<->
c c
i- 0 C
3j c —
T; cr> a.
-4— ^
C C
»o CJ
o-i •—
O) V-
i- <+-
CT^ a^
aj c
cs: o




j^
c.
Oi C
Q. 1-!
•r— ^
^ ; 	
r— O)
3 S-
2: s-
O
(„ )



„.
^j
—
fC
.f—
^.
ro
^»








*— ' cTv ^D ro kO *— •* Tv^
03 r-« vo C Lf) 1C 10
c^o LO o i"~* r^^ r*-. r^-
• ••••«•
O O C O O O O








*NT r*~^ c^ "-O *sO co ^*^-
(•..*..
O LO CC f^- <3- CXI — f
OO *5T f-H r— I i— (






C\J *Cj"
v— • •— - O^ »_-• O^ <_*• ^
^^
1—"^ i^^
L^) O"1
•a- o
o o
t*"^) C^ **•& LO V^ ^O ^*i CN* '
* * • < . » * >|
if^t ^^ T-H C^ ^Q ^Q i,^ f^1*11*
CSJ LO ' — > \ 1 LO 1
1
i






(
r^ I-H ro co d c^: ^c
(_H i^Q ,— ( CO i^ [v^. f-^ ;
^o r^ co co OD co cc
• •••**• I
0 O C C 0 0 0
1
1

i
i
i
a.
u
H- -it- 5-1
eZ Z.  < ^ Cli *— «
E-4
I
!
!
i
!










i









,









si
^)
o
, i_
"~:

i C
o
1 £ §
i- -C
OI OJ
i GJ c^
: •— i-
**-

O
c
C l^i
; T- 0;
•+J a;
; u s-
• 2j ^i
i >— a>
ai -a
i i/i
! £_
14— O
o w
a> o
•o +-=
i s- i/i
O ~3
1 w — '
2^ "^
t— « ^^
i
f^ .O


-------
     The stability or sensitivity of coefficients in the equation
was tested by running two additional regression analyses, each
with 75 percent of the sites (selected at random) from the
initial analysis.  The AREA and POINT coefficients were found to
be very stable, the LOCAL coefficient fairly stable, and the
VISDT coefficient fairly sensitive to the specific sites included
and excluded.  It was determined that a few influential sites
could affect the VISDT coefficient by as much as 15 percent.
     Comparison of model-predicted and measured concentrations at
28 additional sites in three cities showed that, with
consideration of city-specific background concentrations, the
predicted values were quite good:

     City
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Boston-
 V.'orchester
     If linear regression for a particular area yields a good
correlation but the model consistently over- or ur.derpredicts
concentrations, the accuracy of the predictions can be improved
by calculating the variable (e.g., DPT, DSL, DB) for the area
being analyzed.
     This variable is simply the average residual for the
samplers in the study area.  The average residual is readily
computed with the equation:
                 n   MC.-PC.
            R =  ^     X   1
No. of
sites
10
7
11
r
0.95
0.94
0.93
2
0.90
0.88
0.86
Slope
1.16
1.21
1.03
Intercept
-12.7
-19.9
-6.5
                1 — 1      n
      where R = average residual
          MC.  = measured concentration at site i, ug/m3
          PC.  = predicted concentration at site i, yg/m3
            n = number of samplers
     The average residual is, effectively, a correction to the
57.2 constant tern in the general form of the empirical model.
                               E-5

-------
APPLICATION OF MODEL
     The empirical model is or.ly moderately data-intensive.  It
can be used for participate air quality analyses ranging from
neighborhood to regional scales.  The primary purpose of the
model is to estimate the relative impact of different sources and
source categories on ambient concentrations.  It cannot properly
be used to predict concentrations at specified locations in areas
other than those for which it is specifically developed, because
of its means of derivator, ar.d the magr.itude of the standard
error associated with the regression equation.  It is very useful
in interpreting microinve::tory data by estimating the relative
impacts of various sources and source  categories at specific
sites in other areas.
     At each site, the measured  concentration provides  a check  on
the accuracy of the model's prediction.  The only limitation  to
     self-validatin  feature is  that several sites in a city  must
t.~e curccse cr this stucv tne sac,-;arc inc.  .~ve_s were estimatec
                                E-6

-------
                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             (Please read Instrjcrions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
    E^A-450/4-85-008
                                                             3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
           ugi'ti've Dust in the  Southwest—Ambient Impact,
                                                            5. .HE.P CRT-DATE
                                                             July  1985
 Sources and Remedies
                                                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 PEI  Associates, Inc.
                                                             S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 PEI  Associates, Inc.
 14060 Denver West Parkway
 Golden,  Colorado  80401
                                                             TO. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                                68-02-3512
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U. S.  EPA
Office  of  Air Quality Planning and  Standards, MDAD, AMTB
(MD-14)
Research Triangle Park, N. C.  27711
                                                             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 EPA Project Officer:   Thompson G.  Pace, III
U.S.
16. ABSTRACT
      A study of possible  PMin non-attainment sites was  conducted by Pace and  Hanks  of the
      EPA in 1984.  This investigation showed that about half of these sites are  in  arecs
 having less than 20  inches  of precipitation per year.   Also, 10 percent of the sites were
 in dry rural areas with no  apparent' traditional sources nearby.  The purpose  of  this pro-
 ject is 1) determine  the  nature of the sources having  an impact on these sites,  2)  deter-
 mine to what extent meteorology plays 3 role in high measured particulate matter concen-
 trations, and 3) develop  possible remedies to a potential  non-attainment situation  in
 areas with little rainfall.
      This report presents the results of three analyses that were designed to answer
 these questions.  A rnicroi inventory was performed on  20  sites.  These sites were  then
 compared to sites in  the  US EPA's IP Network and similarities and differences were
 analyzed.  An evaluation  of the relationship between meteorological variables and
 measured concentrations was made.  The report discusses the results of thes.  analyses
 and alternate control  remedies to high concentrations  in fugitive dust areas.
17.
                                 KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                   DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSAT1 Field/Group
 PM
 TSP
   n
 Fugitive Dust
 is. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                                                19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
                                                                                   PAGES
                                                20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                                           22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (Re«r. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE

-------