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-Metal  processing includes  emissions  from  mining,  refining  and  the
 production  of alloy  and  metal  products.   Emissions  of  zinc, manganese,
 copper,  cadmium, nickel  and  beryllium  are all  significant.  Although
 not explicitly identified  with this  category,  chrome plating is  a- very
 important source of  chromium emissions.

-Mobile sources are major emitters  of benzene,  toluene,  isomers of
 xylene,  POM and formaldehyde.   Large percentages  of all  benzene,
 toluene, POM, and xylene emanate  from  mobile sources,  primarily  from
 tailpipe emissions and evaporation from gasoline  powered vehicles.

-Stationary  fuel  combustion is  the  largest emitter of POM and several
 metals (beryllium, chromium  and nickel) and an important source  of
 chlorine, cadmium, copper, formaldehyde and manganese.   Generally,
 smaller sources such as  woodstoves will be the most important  emitters
 of POM.

-Except for  waste oil  combustion,  so-called "nontraditional sources" are
 not covered in Table 10.  Nontraditional  sources  are those that  have  not
 traditionally been included  in criteria pollutant inventories, but which
 may be significant emitters  of air toxics. Potentially  important  non-
 traditional sources  are  listed below:

     o   Publicly-owned Treatment Works  (POTWs), i.e., municipal sewage
        treatment plants.

     o   Treatment, Storage  and  Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) which
        handle hazardous  waste  in  the following kinds of  operations:

        -  landfills  and  land treatment
        -  surface impoundments and treatment tanks
        -  waste piles
        -  drum handling
        -  unloading  and  storage
        -  recycling
        -  deep well  injection
           incineration

     o   Waste oil  combustion.

     o   Wood combustion (stoves, fireplaces).

     o   Drinking water aeration.

     o   Cooling towers.

     o   Hospital  and  medical  supply sterilizers.

-Methylene chloride and methyl  chloroform  (1,1,1-trichloroethane)
 are emitted in important quantities  from  solvent  use, aerosols,
 etc.,  but may not be  accounted for in  VOC inventories that have
 been adjusted to remove  non-photochemically reactive compounds.
                                32

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     It must be emphasized that Table 10 is based on fragmented  and  sometimes
old, inconsistent data, since reliable air toxics emission  estimates are only
slowly forthcoming.  Hence, the conclusions drawn therefrom should  not be
considered absolute.  Moreover, since the underlying data  in Table  10 are
representative of the entire nation, the proportions will  not necessarily
apply to any particular region or urban area — especially  for point sources.
Nevertheless, the broad perspective offered by this summary may  offer some
help in the screening process in understanding and characterizing the general
distribution of air toxics emissions.
                                      33

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                                  CHAPTER 6

                        POINT/AREA SOURCE HISTINCTIONS


     Most emission inventories distinguish between point sources  and area
sources.  Point sources are those sources large enough to permit  and/or
to keep individual records on.  Area sources are sources too small  and/or
numerous to permit or to warrant individual  recordkeeping.   (Some inventories
also distinguish between major point and minor point sources.)   The rationale
for making this distinction is to minimize the reporting burden on  smaller
sources and to reduce the volume of point source inventory records.


6.1  Making the Point/Area Source Distinction

     The point/area source distinction can be made in several  ways:

     (a)  By defining all  sources within particular source categories  as
either point or area sources.  For example, all gasoline service  stations,
dry cleaners, etc., might be handled as area sources and exempted from
reporting, and, conversely, all  hospital sterilizers and chrome platers may
be required to submit emissions  data as point sources.

     (b)  By establishing emission cutoff or "de minimis" levels.  For example,
sources might only be required to report emissions greater than "x" tons  per
year.

     Various de minimis levels and exemption criteria are presently being
employed by States and local agencies in their air toxics inventories.
Some of these are listed in Table 11 as examples.  At least one agency has
defined cutoff levels for each toxic substance covered in its  inventory.


6.2  Factors Affecting the Point/Area Source Distinction

     The agency needs to make several decisions regarding the  point/area
source distinction.  For example, the point/area source distinctions for
criteria pollutants need to be evaluated carefully if the agency  plans to
base the air toxics inventory on the criteria pollutant inventory.   Small
industrial sources such as dry cleaners, degreasers, chrome platers, paint
coaters, waste oil boilers, etc., are often considered collectively as area
sources in criteria pollutant inventories since their emissions of  PM  or  VOC
may not exceed typical cutoff levels of 5-100 tons per year.  In  some  cases,
these smaller sources may even be excluded altogether from the  existing
inventory and not even covered as area sources.  If the agency  decides that
it needs to permit and keep individual  records on certain of these  smaller
sources to afford a proper evaluation of emissions and risk, additional
contacts may be necessary to obtain the necessary source and/or emissions
data.  Conceivably, the agency might even go to a "zero" emission cutoff
                                      34

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                                 TABLE 11

                EXAMPLE CUTOFF LEVELS AND EXEMPTED SOURCES

Example Cutoff levels

o  None
o  1 TRY of any toxic substance
o  100 TPY of any regulated pollutant
o  0.25 Ib emission of any toxic substance per 8 hr time period
o  Cutoff level for each inventoried compound  (as function of TLV)

Examples of Exempted Sources

o  Boilers <100 MMBtu/hr exempted
o  Boilers firing wood or unadulterated fossil fuels
o  Certain small sources exempted  (e.g., dry cleaners, service stations)
                                    35

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level for a few Important sources, thereby designating all  sources  within
particular categories (e.g., all  chrome platers or all  benzene storage tanks)
as point sources regardless of size, throughput or emissions.

     The principal  advantage of considering sources individually rather than
collectively is that it results in more accurate estimates  of emissions,
ambient air concentrations and risks.  It also improves the accuracy of any
detailed control strategy projections.  A negative aspect of considering many
small sources as point sources is that more resources  are required  both by
the agency and the industrial  community to collect and digest the greater
volume of point source data.  In  this regard, industry may  strongly resist
any requirements to acquire information on very small  sources without some
reporting exemptions based on emission rates and/or substance toxicities.
Of course, if an agency is focusing on all sources within relatively small
geographic areas, the added expense of considering small  sources individually
may be necessary.

     One potential  problem should be mentioned with using cutoff or de minimis
levels in air toxics inventories, a problem that exists in  criteria pollutant
inventories, as well.  If the cutoff level chosen allows  a  significant number
of sources to escape consideration as point sources, these  sources  will  have
to be considered collectively as  area sources if the agency is seeking a
comprehensive emission inventory.  For example, if the agency exempts coin-
operated (self-service) dry cleaners and small, cold-cleaner degreasers
from reporting, a significant amount of perchloroethylene,  methylene chloride
and methyl cloroform will not be  inventoried unless these small  emitters are
accounted for in the area source  totals.  (Procedures  for accounting for
sources below cutoff levels as area sources are discussed in Reference 2.)
                                      36

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                                  CHAPTER 7

                         GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF COVERAGE


     An important consideration during the screening process  regards  how big
a geographic area should be covered.  Typically,  criteria pollutant inven-
tories cover fairly broad areas such as entire states or nonattainment areas.
This extent of coverage has been necessary since  criteria pollutants  are
ubiquitous and emitted by a diverse collection of point and area sources.

     There are no well defined boundaries for air toxics inventories  such as
exist for nonattainment areas.  Because inventorying a multitude of toxic sub-
stances can be expensive and time consuming, the  relevant question  is whether
there are justifiable rationale for excluding certain areas from coverage in
order to save resources.  The answer to this question may be  based  on the
underlying approach the agency has taken in its air toxics control  program.

     The most common approach in air toxics programs is to model ambient air
levels around new and/or existing point sources,  using source emission esti-
mates, and then impose controls based on how much the modeled levels  exceed
some acceptable ambient standards or guidelines.   Since the nature  of this
type of program is to focus solely on major point sources wherever  they occur
— often regardless of the existence of other nearby sources  —  the  concept
of excluding some areas from concern is really not germane as the entire
State (or local jurisdiction) becomes the area of coverage.  Thus,  extent of
coverage may not be an issue In this type of program.

     In programs that are (1) defining relative emission strengths  of small,
non-permitted point sources and area sources, or  (2) starting to consider the
additive risks from these smaller sources along with major, permitted sources,
the concept of limiting geographic coverage has more relevance.  Several
studiesll»27  have concluded that small sources are major contributors to
aggregate incidence in urban areas; hence, this focus seems appropriate.
However, due to the extra burden of compiling point source data on  many smaller
sources and developing area source emission estimates at an appropriate level
of spatial resolution, it makes sense to try to limit the area of coverage to
the extent justifiable.

     This matter is an important one to consider  during the planning  stages
of inventory development and one that a screening study can address.   Those
agencies that plan to compile more than a crude,  aggregate inventory  of small
point and area sources — especially those agencies concerned with  additive
risk assessments and control strategy evaluations based on risk management
techniques — should predetermine where to focus  their inventory effort.
Presumably, such emphasis would be placed on industrial and/or urban  areas,
or high risk areas therein, where the screening study indicated high  emission
concentratrions and/or high ambient air levels along with elevated  risks.
                                      37

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                                  CHAPTER 8

         DETAILED DATA COLLECTION AND EMISSION ESTIMATION PROCEDURES


     Chapter 3 discussed the concept of the screening inventory as a means of
locating potential emitters of air toxics and developing screening estimates
of emissions.  The purpose of the screening study is to focus subsequent
agency activities and resources on those sources, pollutants and geographic
areas causing most risk.  At some point in the air toxics program, the screening
inventory will probably need to be refined before any control program is
instituted.  During this follow-up effort, more detailed and credible source
data and emissions estimates will be needed, probably requiring some direct
source contacts to provide this information.  Various procedures are set forth
in this report to help those agencies going beyond the screening inventory.  In
this regard, some of the approaches for compiling the detailed inventory will
be the same as or extensions of those used for screening.  For example,  the
location of sources will largely be the same, using the basic tools outlined
in Chapter 3.  The major differences are in compiling detailed source data
and making emission estimates.


8.1  Locating Sources

     Since most sources of air toxics substances should already be in the
criteria pollutant inventory, these sources should not have to be located
again as if the agency were starting from scratch.  Instead, the agency  needs
only to associate emissions of specific air toxic compounds of interest  with
existing sources in the existing inventory.  As mentioned before, certain
"nontraditional" sources may not be included and certain sources may be
excluded because their VOC were considered photochemically nonreactive.
Two important nonreactive VOC of particular interest are methyl  chloroform
(1,1,1 trichloroethane) and methylene chloride.

     Many of the screening tools outlined in Chapter 3 will  be appropriate
for use in locating sources in the detailed inventory and, thus, are not
repeated here.  Since none of these screening tools requires source contacts,
some errors will occur in identifying actual emitters of particular toxic
substances.  One additional locating tool  that some agencies employ that
involves making source contacts is the production/use survey.  Some agencies
have utilized production/use questionnaires which basically just ask sources
to identify whether each substance is purchased, used or produced.  From
this, the agency may decide which facilities should receive a more detailed,
followup questionnaire.

     In general, the emphasis in the detailed inventory will not be on locating
sources, since this has presumably been done in the screening process.  This
step will  be necessary, however, where the agency has foregone the screening
process.
                                      33

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8.2  Data Collection

     Before sending out questionnaires  or making  plant  visits,  the  agency
should carefully evaluate the need  to contact  all  sources.   Based on  the
results of the screening study, certain sources may have such low emissions
or pose such little risk that further information  would not  prove useful.
Or, in some cases, the screening estimate developed by  the  agency based on
material  balances or emission factors may prove as accurate  as  any  estimates
likely to be provided by certain industrial  segments.   The  latter may be the
case for small solvent users and combustion  sources.  For those sources where
the agency believes it needs more information, data collection  may  proceed
using questionnaires, plant visits, etc., just as  with  any  criteria pollutant.
A great deal of data can also be obtained through  the new source review and
permit renewal process.

     (a)   Use of questionnaires

     As mentioned previously, a fundamental  decision that has to be made
during planning is whether the questionnaires  should be open-ended  or directed
toward a limited number of compounds.  This  decision will affect both the
design of the questionnaires and the nature  of data collected.   In  general,
if a directed approach is taken, and the number of compounds is kept  to a
minimum,  the resulting number of source contacts  that has to be made  can be
greatly reduced.  Moreover, the quality of the data received may also improve
— especially if the questionnaires can be tailored to  the  principal  source
categories of concern.  Data collected  from  industry-specific questionnaires
will not only be more accurate for  the  respondent  sources themselves, but
will also allow the agency to develop emission factors  and  emission-to-employee
ratios to apply to other, perhaps nonresponding,  sources in  the same  source
categories.  Of course, tailoring questionnaires  to specific industries can be
costly and time consuming unless another agency's  questionnaires can  be
adopted.  This time and effort may  be recovered since less  followup will often
be required.

     Conversely, if one uses the open-ended  approach and is  not targeting
information on specific sources or  a limited group of compounds, a  much larger
number of contacts will be necessary using questionnaires that  are  more generic
in design.  This approach may require less time and effort  for  questionnaire
design, but the resulting responses may be commensurately less  detailed and
possibly not as useful.  For example, if an  agency is conducting an open-ended
survey of air toxics associated with solvent use,  a fairly  general  survey  form
will have to be sent out to a large number of coaters,  degreasers,  printers,
drycleaners, etc., with a voluminous and varied  response expected.  As mentioned
previously, a particular danger in  this type of survey  is that  many (especially
smaller) sources may simply report  trade names of solvents, coatings, etc.,  or
may not report anything at all if they  don't know what  compounds are  present  in
the materials they use.  Either possibility  can  lead to underreporting and  an
underestimating of substance use and emissions by the sources and the inventory
agency.

     Various kinds of questionnnaires have been  developed to collect  air
toxics emissions data, with some being  quite detailed  and others being very


                                      39

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general.  EPA has developed several  questionnaires  to collect  long  and  short
term release information from major organic chemical  manufacturers  as background
for setting NESHAPs under Section 112 of the Clean  Air Act.  The long term
questionnaire asks for annual emissions from process  vents, fugitive equipment
leaks, equipment openings, raw material/product storage and handling, secondary
waste treatment, and liquid spills.  The short term version covers  the  same
sources but focuses on above-average emissions from relief valve vents, bypass
of control devices, startup and shutdown, accidental  releases  or any other
event, routine or otherwise.  Because of this extreme detail,  a questionnaire
of this type would most likely only be used by an agency to collect information
on a handful of very large, singularly important point sources.  Obviously,
a great deal of effort would go into filling out a  questionnaire of this
complexity as well as into interpreting the response.

     In contrast, many agencies will employ a more  general  questionnaire that
is not tailored to a specific type of source or one particular substance.
Such a questionnaire may be more appropriate when an  agency needs information
quickly, albeit of a more "broad brush" nature.  An example of such a ques-
tionnaire is included in Appendix J.  Extending this  concept,  at least  one
agency is preparing questionnaires tailored to several key industries within
the State.

     Finally, as mentioned earlier, several agencies  have developed survey
forms simply targeting chemical production and usage  data.   An example  of
this type of survey form is shown in Appendix K.  In  this type of form, each
source may be asked if it purchases, packages, manufactures, stores or  uses
a substance.  This kind of survey form is used as a screening  tool  to get
some preliminary idea of who should be sent more detailed followup  question-
naires, and perhaps, what kind of questionnaire should be sent (if  the  agency
has developed source or substance specific questionnaires).  It is  also used
to supply input to various agencies' emergency preparedness programs.   One
negative aspect of a production and use survey is that the results  are  often
not directly useful in projecting if emissions actually occur, or at what
levels.

     (b) Interpreting and augmenting questionnaire  responses

     Whatever questionnaire is used, some responses will be incomplete  and/or
suspect.  To this end, several other avenues may be explored to corroborate,
complement or help interpret the questionnaire responses.  For example, if the
questionnaire respondant does not know the makeup of  its company's  emissions,
it may pay to contact his purchasing department to  see if any  composition data
can be inferred from purchasing specifications.  Or,  if Material  Safety Data
Sheets are available, they might be solicited in the  data collection effort as
they list specific compounds and weight percentages of hazardous ingredients
present in coatings, paints, preservatives, thinners, resins,  etc.   Figure 1
shows an example Material Safety Data Sheet.  This  kind of information  should
be more available with time as a result of State and  Federal right-to-know laws
which require that information be made available on the composition of  products
being used in the workplace.  Specifically, as of May 25, 1986, OSHA's  Hazard
Communication, or right-to-know, standard requires  users, distributors, repack-
agers, producers, importers, etc., (within SICs 20-39) to supply all known


                                      40

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                               FIGURE 1

                 Sample Material Safety Data Sheet
                      MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
                       FOA COATINGS. RESINS AND RELATED MATERIALS
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Vh*r« poMtbl*. UolMi oontolAvn from h*u. •J«ctrtc*J •quipavtu. rp*xkj tad flea*.
CM ft)]] protwuv* •qulpmrat tachidla< Mlf-eontatn*d 6r«»xMn< app4TMu«.
Wu«r fprvj m*j b* laaffwuv* Bw»ur U u**4. to< BOB]** «r* pr*f*r»bU
VuploMd to 8r* o: *xlr«m« h*«t. vmMr chould b* u**d to oool elo**d oonl*U>»n tad prrrtnt prMrur*
fcifld-up or poMitil* •uto-tfolttoa.
Note:   Companies are allowed to use  any reporting format as long as  the
necessary data are contained.  Hence, differing formats would be expected
from most companies.

                                    41

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hazard data, including species composition data and some toxicity data, on
Material  Safety Data Sheets.28

     State OSHAs can also be a valuable source of information even though the
Federal Hazard Communication standard supercedes States'  right-to-know laws.
For example, some State agencies may have collected workplace ambient air
samples that could suggest what air toxics are being emitted.  Also, these
agencies may have information on compositions of trade name products.

     Various published product indexes and formularies contain information
product compositions that could assist in this regard.  The Colour Index,^
Pesticide Index,30 and Formulary of Paints and Other Coatings31 are examples
of compilations of the makeup of products in certain industrial segments that
may help the agency corroborate or interpret the questionnaire responses.
Other publications that may be consulted for this kind of information are
cited in References 32 through 35.

     Finally, the National Institute for Occupational  Safety and Health
(NIOSH) has compiled an extensive data base containing information on the
chemical  composition of approximately 75,000 products  from all segments of
industry and commerce.  This data base, called the Trade Name Ingredient
Clarification File (TNIC) file, was developed by NIOSH under its National
Occupational Hazard Survey from 1972-74, and contains  data on both metals
and organics that were obtained by NIOSH visits to the various product manu-
facturers.  There is no report, per se, summarizing the information in this
file, but NIOSH personnel will develop appropriate retrievals upon request.
Any prospective user should contact the Chief of the Hazard Section at NIOSH
at (513) 841-4491 or (FTS) 684-4491.  It should be noted that about one-third
of the product data in the TNIC file is considered confidential and therefore
unavailable.  NIOSH repeated this survey in 1981-83 on an expanded list of
products; however, the results are not yet accessable.  These data base may
prove useful in matching possible pollutants with sources if more direct
procedures are not successful.

     Synonyms for commonly inventoried substances are  presented in Appendix L.

     (c) Use of information in permit applications

     Many agencies have new source review and permit renewal programs that
cover air toxics.  These activities should be viewed as a potential source of
information for use in the air toxics emission inventory.  Some agencies
directly incorporate certain permit conditions, such as allowable emissions,
in the emission inventory.

     The permit process should be viewed as a good way to collect air toxics
information because of the leverage the agency has on  the permit applicant.
However, because the duration of many States' permit renewal cycle is typically
from 3 to 5 years, the agency normally cannot use this process to develop or
update the air toxics inventory quickly.
                                      42

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8.3  Emission Estimation Procedures

     Air toxics emissions are estimated  in  largely  the  same  manner  as  are
criteria pollutant emission estimates.   The two  main  approaches  involve  the
use of emission factors and material  balances.   The use of apportioning
factors, as described in Chapter 3,  is generally considered  more of a
screening tool  although it may also  find some application  in the detailed
inventory.  Source testing is another procedure  that  may be  applicable in
certain situations.

     Currently, the literature contains  limited  information  on  air  toxic
emission factors for various substances.  The main  source  is the EPA series
entitled Locating And Estimating Air Emissions  From Sources  Of  (Substance).13
Another potential source of emission factor information is EPA's National
Air Toxics Clearinghouse data base.15  states and local  agencies have  submitted
permit and source test information to the Clearinghouse that may be of assist-
ance in determining emission rates for many kinds of  industrial  facilities.
Contact names and phone numbers are also given,  allowing the user the  oppor-
tunity to get more information directly  from the supplying agency.   As more
data are supplied, the Clearinghouse should improve as  a source of  emissions
data.  Various  available emission factors are compiled  in  Appendix  H.

     The second major technique for estimating  air toxics  emissions is the
material balance.  In a material balance, emissions are determined  by
difference by knowing the amount of a certain material  that  enters  a process
and the amount  that (1) leaves either in liquid  or solid waste,  (2) is con-
tained as part  of a product, (3) is  sold to a recovery  facility or  (4) is
converted to another substance.  Material balance techniques are particularly
useful for operations using solvents, but can also be used for  metals, as
well.  Frequently, when doing a material balance for  screening  purposes, the
conservative and simplifying assumption  is  made that  all or  some fraction  of
a solvent or metal used or consumed  in  a process is emitted  to  the  air.  Of
course, any such conservative screening  estimates may have to be refined
later in the program if the inventory is going  to be  used  for modeling or
control strategy development purposes.

     Source testing — either by the agency or by the source itself —
represents a third technique for estimating air toxics  emissions from  a
source.  While source tests are generally considered  to yield more  accurate
emission estimates than emission factors, they are not  as  widely employed  for
air toxics for several reasons.  First,  as  with criteria pollutants, is  the
cost factor; source testing can be expensive.  Second,  validated sampling  and
analytical procedures are not yet readily available for many air toxics.
Third, there are many situations where emission factors and  material balance
procedures will yield acceptable results at much less cost.   Finally,  there
are certain sources which are not readily amenable to routine source testing,
such as fugitive leaks from valves, pumps,  etc., and certain intermittent
operations characterized by varying flow characteristics and concentrations.
Available source test methods are summarized in Reference  13 for each  respec-
tive substance.  Other methods may be cited in Reference 8,
                                      43

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     The use of emission factors and material  balances for estimating air
toxic emissions is exemplified in Appendix A.


8.4  Control Device Applicability and Efficiency

     An important consideration when calculating current emission levels, as
well as when projecting emission reductions, is control  device applicability.
EPA has published a manual  which should help agency personnel  select and
evaluate costs of control  techniques for reducing air toxics from industrial
and commercial sources.36  A generic treatment is given  both to pollutants
and sources.  Air toxics are categorized and handled as  (1)  organic vapors,
(2) organic particulate (3) inorganic vapors (4) inorganic particulate.
Emission sources are classified as (1) process point sources,  (2) process
fugitive sources and (3) area fugitive sources.  General guidelines are
provided that match specific control devices with specified  emission stream
properties (e.g., pollutant content in stream, temperature,  moisture, heat
content, particle size and flowrate.)  Basic design parameters are then
determined to provide general design conditions that should  be met or exceeded
for each selected control  technique to achieve some specified  level of control
efficiency.  This manual can also identify which control techniques will not
meet specified reduction requirements.


8.5  Problems in Data Collection and Interpretation

     The agency may encounter problems in a number of areas  when compiling
the air toxics inventory.   Some potential problem areas  are  identified below.

     (a) Too many substances

     If the agency utilizes the open ended approach (discussed in Section 4.1)
and doen not limit the number of substances, it may receive  much more more
information than it can adequately process and store in  its  data handling
system.  Also, it may encounter source reluctance to report  on a large number
of substances.

     (b) No cutoff levels  or exemptions

     Many agencies employ  cutoff levels to preclude reporting  of low emission
rates and/or exemptions to preclude reporting  by certain sources. (See Chapter
6.) If an agency does not  provide for any such exclusion, it runs the same
risks as if it is trying to handle too many substances — it may obtain more
data than it can efficiently handle and it may encounter source resistance to
reporting low emission levels for many substances.

     (c) Nomenclature problems

     Sources may report trade names or chemical synonyms that  the agency may
have difficulty in interpreting.  In some cases, the composition of trade name
products can be ascertained from the source or supplier  by soliciting Material
Safety Data Sheets; however, this is not always successful and such followup
                                      44

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requires additional  resources.  Some of this  can  be avoided  if the  agency
asks sources to report in terms of specific  substances.

     (d) Sources can't supply emissions data

     Some sources, for various reasons, may  claim not  to be  able  to supply
the agency with adequate emissions data.  This may particularly be  the case
with smaller operations that may not have the expertise  or resources to
determine emissions.  Such determinations may even prove difficult  for some
large, complicated manufacturing processes.   The  agency  will  want to consider
what services, if any, it may provide to such sources, or if it will  make
emission estimates itself.

     (e) Need for agency follow-up

     Several agencies have pointed out the inevitable  need for follow-up to
clarify the responses from some sources or to obtain additional or  missing
data.  This might be the case, for example,  where the  agency's screening
estimates for a large source differ significantly from those supplied by the
source, or where the agency believes a source is  emitting a  certain pollutant
it doesn't report.  The agency will  probably want to hold some resources in
reserve to make follow-up contacts to a fraction  of its  sources.


8.6  Sources of Inventory Error

     As in criteria pollutant inventories, the potential  exists for many
sources of error in the inventory of air toxics.   Some of these errors will
originate with the sources supplying the data and some will  be a  result of
the data and methods used by the agency to estimate emissions. A summary  of
some of these errors is given below:

     o  missing sources
     o  inaccurate/insufficient/uninterpretable data supplied by  sources
     o  missing or inaccurate emission factors
     o  missing or inaccurate VOC and/or particulate matter  apportioning
            factors
     o  erroneous material balance or source tests

A number of corrective measures that may be  employed to  reduce these errors
is summarized below:

     o  perform follow-up visits, calls, and tests at  important sources

     o  checks for missing sources

               - apply pollutant/source category cross indexes to criteria
                   pollutant inventories to  identify potential sources
               - check EPA emission factor and source  assessment  reports
               - check permit, registration, compliance, right-to-know and
                   other State or local data bases
                                      45

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     o  check EPA publications and the EPA National  Air Toxics Clearinghouse
            for better emission factors and apportioning factors, or develop
            such based on emissions data submitted for similar sources

     o  review material  balance and source test data, making sure that all
            material  pathways'have been identified,  the best test procedures
            have been used and the results are reconcilable with estimates
            based on emission factors and/or VOC or  PM apportioning factors.

     It is very difficult to develop rigorous, quantitative estimates of the
precision and accuracy of emission inventories because many of the components
are not amenable to mathematical  error analysis.  The best means to minimize
error is to use the best data and procedures possible, within existing resour-
ces, and to subject the results to review by those that will either use the
data or be affected by subsequent application thereof.
                                      46

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                                  CHAPTER 9

                                   SUMMARY


     Many State and local agencies have compiled inventories of air toxic
emissions or are starting to develop them.  Several  different directions
are being taken in the design of these inventories as well  as in how they are
being used in the agencies'  source evaluation and control  programs.  Because
these inventories can be expensive due to the large number of pollutants that
potentially can be included, careful planning is necessary — before initi-
ating any data collection — to optimize the use of available resources.  In
this regard, all end uses of the inventories should be identified during the
planning stages, realizing that the most demanding modeling and risk assess-
ment applications will dictate how detailed and extensive the inventories
must be.

     If possible, some type of screening study might be performed to focus
the inventory on those pollutants, sources and geographic areas that pose the
greatest risk.  Various tools are available to compile preliminary inventories
for screening purposes without having to make extensive source contacts.
These tools include EPA published emission factors, apportioning factors and
source assessment documents along with existing criteria pollutant emission
inventories and permit files.  Federal and State right-to-know standards may
also result in useful information for this purpose.

     The detailed emission inventory of air toxics is compiled using the same
basic techniques employed in criteria pollutant inventories.  Many agencies
are, in fact, directly coupling their air toxics inventory activities with
their criteria pollutant programs.  The data in the criteria pollutant
inventory and permit system can serve as a useful starting point for developing
the detailed air toxics inventory, either to help locate potential  sources of
air toxics or to make emission estimates therefrom.  For less important sources,
the agency may not need to go beyond the preliminary emission estimates made
in the screening inventory;  however, for more important sources, questionnaires
or other direct source contacts may be necessary to determine emissions.  The
mechanics of making source contacts and determining emissions will  be largely
the same as in the criteria  pollutant inventory.

     Most sources of air toxics will already have been inventoried as part of
particulate or VOC programs.  Additional  emphasis will  be needed to include
non-traditional sources, sources below the criteria pollutant cutoff level(s),
and sources of photochemically nonreactive compounds (particularly methylene
chloride and methyl  chloroform.)  And further spatial or temporal  resolution
may be needed in the air toxics inventory for certain area sources than is
afforded in the criteria pollutant inventory.
                                      47

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                                   REFERENCES


 1.  .Statement of Lee M. Thomas, Administrator, U. S. EPA, before the
     Subcommittee on Health and the Environment Committee on Energy and Commerce,
     U. S. House of Representatives, June 11, 1985.

 2.  Procedures For The Preparation Of Emission Inventories For Volatile
     Organic Compounds"  Volume I, Second Edition.  EPA-450/2-77-028.  [J. S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N. C.  September
     1980.

 3.  Procedures For The Preparation Of Emission Inventories For Volatile
     TJrganic Compounds.  Volume II:  Emissions Inventory Requirements"^
     Photochemical  Air Quality Simulation Models.EPA-450/4-79-018.iJI~S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N. C.  September
     1979.

 4.  Procedures For Emissions Inventory Preparation.  Volumes I-V.  EPA-450/4-
     81-02fia-e.U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
     N. C.  September 1981.

 5.  Example Emission Inventory Documentation For 1982 Ozone State
     Implementation Plans (SIPs).  EPA-450/4-80-033.U. S. Environmental
     Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N. C.  March 1981.

 6.  Development Of Questionnaires For Various Emission Inventory Uses.  EPA-
     450/3-78-122.U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
     Park, N. C.  June 1979.

 7.  Development Of An Emission Inventory Quality Assurance Program.  EPA-
     450/4-79-006.U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
     Park, N. C.  December 1978.

 8.  Bibliography of Selected EPA Reports and Federal Register Notices
     Related to Air ToxfcTTEPA-450/5-86-008.U. S. Environmental Protection
     Agency. Research Triangle Park, N. C.  July 198fi.

 9.  pAQPS Guideline Series.  Guideline on Air Quality Models.  EPA-450/2-78-027.
     OAQPS No. 1.2-080.NTIS # PR 288783.U. S. Environmental  Protection
     Agency.  Research Triangle Park, N. C. April, 1978.  (To be updated and
     expanded in 1986.)
10.  Regional  Workshops ?.n Air Quality Modeling.  A Survey Report.
     EPA-450/4-82-015.U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency.Research
 jglc
 5/P
Triangle Park, N. C.  April, 1981.  (Revised 1982)
11.  Haemisegger, E., et a!., The Air Toxics Problem 1n the United States:
     An Analyses of Cancer Risks from Selected Pollutants, U. S. Environ-
     mental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, May 1985.
                                       48

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12.  Standard Industrial  Classification  Manual.   IJ.  S.  Office of Management
     and Rudget.Updated Periodically.

13.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions  From  Sources of (Substance),  EPA-
     450/4-84-007a-k, IJ.  S. Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle
     Park, NC, March 1984 - September 1985.  (The substances covered  in  this
     series, corresponding to reports (a)  through (k)  respectively, are  Acryl-
     onitrile, Carbon Tetrachloride,  Chloroform, Ethylene Dichloride, For-
     maldehyde, Nickel, Chromium, Manganese, Phosgene,  Epichlorohydrin and
     Vinylidene Chloride.)

14.  Krishnan, E. R. and  G. V.  Hellwig,  "Trace Emissions From Coal  And
     Oil Combustion."  Environmental  Progress.  1(4):290-295.  1982.
15.  NATICH Data Rase Report on State and Local  Agency Air Toxics  Activities,
     U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency and STAPPA/ALAPCO, Prepared by
                                         I  Age
                                         TTAl
Radian Corporation under EPA Contract No. 68-02-3887, Work Assignment
No. 25, September, 1985.
16.  Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Manual, Second Edition, EPA-450/
     4-80-015, U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency, RTP, NC, July 1980.

17.  Receptor Model  Source Composition Library, EPA-450/4-85-002, U. S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency, RTP, NC, November 1984.

18.  Survey of Ethylene Dichloride  Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-84-018, II. S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, December
     1984

19.  Survey of Methylene Chloride Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-015, IJ. S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, June 1985.

20.  Survey of Carbon Tetrachloride Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-018, U. S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1985.

21.  Survey of Trichloroethylene Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-021, U. S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1985.

22.  Survey of Chloroform Emission  Sources, EPA-450/3-85-026, U. S. Environ-
     mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, October 1985.

23.  A Preliminary Exposure And Preliminary Risk Appraisal For 35 U. S.
     Counties"Prepared for U. S.  Environmental Protectln Agency under
     Contract # 68-01-6715 by Versar, Inc. and American Management Systems.
     September 1984.

24.  Methods For Pollutant Selection And Prioritization, EPA-450/5-86-010,
     U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
     July 1986.
                                      49

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25.  March 31, 1986 Letter from Frank Sheffield,  Radian  Corporation to Roger
     Powell  of U.  S. Environmental  Protection Agency,  Research Triangle Park,
     N. C.

26.  Lahre,  Tom. "Characterization  of Available Nationwide Air Toxics  Emissions
     Data."   U. S. Environmental  Protection  Agency,  Research Triangle  Park,
     N. C.  June 13, 1984.  (Unpublished).

27.  Air Toxics Controllability Study, Prepared for  U.  S.  Environmental
     Protection Agency by E.  H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.  and Radian Corp.
     under EPA Contract No. 68-01-7047, Work Assignment  No.  26,  October 1985.

28.  "Hazard Communication,"  Final  Rule.  Federal  Register,  Volume 48, No.
     228, Friday,  November 25,  1983, pp. 53280-53348.

29.  Colour  Index, Third Edition, Society of Dryers  and  Colourists, American
     Association of Textile Chemists and Colourists.  Bradford,  West York-
     shire,  1982

30.  Wiswesser, W. J., Pesticide Index, 5th  Ed.,  Entomological  Society of
     America, College Park, Maryland, 1976

31.  Ash, M. and I. Ash, Formulary  of Paints and  Other  Coatings, Volume 1,
     New York, N.  Y., Chemical  Publishing Company, 1978

32.  Merck Index:   An Encyclopedia  of Chemicals and  Drugs, Ninth Edition,
     March 1976, Ranway, NJ.

33.  Handbook of Chemical Synonyms  and Trade Names,  Eighth Edition, Edited
a I  sy
7~cl*c
     by Edward I.  Cooke,  CRC Press7i978.

34.  Condensed Chemical  Dictionary, Tenth  Edition,  Ressner Hawley,  Edited
     by Van NosReinhold,  1981.

35.  Clinical  Toxicology  of Commerical  Products,  Fifth Edition,  Robert  E.
     Gesselin.Williams  and Wilkins,  1984.

36.  Evaluation of Control  Technologies for  Hazardous  Air Pollutants,  EPA-625/
     6-86-Olla.U. S.  Environmental  Protection Agency,  Research Triangle
     Park, N.  C.,  February, 1986.

37.  Survey of Perch!oroethylene Emission  Sources,  EPA-450/3-85-017,   U. S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency,  Research Triangle  Park,  N. C., June  1985
                                      50

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              APPENDIX A
EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF SCREENING TOOLS

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                                 APPENDIX A
                   EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF SCREENING TOOLS

     Examples of each of the screening tools discussed in Chapter 3 of this
report and how they can be applied are given in Appendix A.  The screening
tools described are:

          SIC/pollutant, pollutant/SIC indices
          Emission factors
          Speciation/apportioning factors
          Conservative mass balances

The strengths and limitations of each tool as related to air toxics emission
inventory development and permitting/new source review are discussed.  For
either of these applications, the objectives of using a screening tool are:

          To identify potential toxic air pollutants associated with a
          source category;
          To estimate the quantity of air toxics emissions; and
          To focus or direct follow-up, detailed analyses.

Using combinations of each of the four types of screening tools can allow
State/local agencies to reach these three objectives.

A.I  USE OF SIC/POLLUTANT INDICES

     In this section, uses of several SIC/pollutant indices are discussed.
Examples are provided for use of the indices alone and in combination with
other screening tools.  The actual indices are presented in Appendices C, D,
F, and 6.  Appendix E lists brief descriptions of each four digit SIC code.
     While the indices provide an indication of the pollutants reasonably
anticipated to be associated with a given SIC code, they do not provide
definite proof that the pollutants are emitted.  One limitation of using the

                                    A-l

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Sic/pollutant indices is that any given source may emit one, all,  or none of
the pollutants listed in the index.  A source may emit other pollutants not
covered in this report or not permitted by reporting agencies.   An example
of one method to overcome this limitation is provided.
     Example:  Identification of Potential Emitters of Air Toxics
     A State air pollution control  agency needs to determine which toxic
pollutants are emitted in the State.
     As a first step, the agency could identify the source categories in the
areas of concern by SIC code:  for example,  pharmaceutical manufacture,
2834; medicinal chemicals and botanicals, 2833; commercial gravure printing,
2754; and gray iron foundries, 3321.   The existence of these sources may
have been determined from an existing criteria pollutant inventory or
permit/registration file.  The SlC/pollutant index (Appendix C)  shows
10 pollutants potentially associated  with SIC 2833, 22 with SIC  2834, 8 with
SIC 2754 and 9 with SIC 3321.  Based  on this information,  the agency could
decide to inventory these pollutants.
     Alternatively, a pollutant/SIC index (Appendix D) could be  used to
identify potential emitters of air toxics.  Appendix D lists associations
between pollutant (in alphabetical  order) and SIC code.  If an  agency has
selected pollutants of concern, Appendix D would show the SIC codes of
potential emitters of those pollutants.  For example, asbestos  is  shown in
Appendix D to be associated with six  SIC codes.
     Appendices F and G provide additional associations between  pollutants
and source category  (by description of source category).  Appendix G
includes correlations between pollutant and area sources.  The information
in Appendices F and G is not necessarily different from that in  Appendices C
and D.  It simply represents information in different formats and may be
more useful to agencies that cannot or do not choose to base the source
category/pollutant correlations on SIC code.
     For example, if an agency is  interested in determining what types of
pollutants are associated with the petroleum refining industry,  a review of
Appendix F shows that 46 pollutants or classes of pollutants are likely to
be emitted.  Also, Appendix F provides somewhat more detail about the
specific processes or point/fugitive/area sources than do the other  indices.
                                    A-2

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     Appendix G also shows potential associations between pollutants and
source categories.  If an agency needed to determine potential emitters of
acrylonitrile, consulting Appendix G shows that five processes are
potentially associated with acrylonitrile emissions.
     Appendix F and G may be useful in overcoming the primary limitation
(lack of specificity) of the Sic/pollutant and pollutant/SIC indices.
Suppose an agency needs to determine if sources in the State or region emit
acrylonitrile.  The agency might first check Appendix D.  Appendix D
indicates that sources in 11 SIC codes may be emitting acrylonitrile.  The
agency could then check their existing criteria pollutant inventory to
determine if sources in the 11 SIC codes were located in the State or
region.  Suppose the agency identifies five sources in SIC 2869, an SIC code
for SOCMI plants.  The agency may need to further determine which type of
sources in SIC 2869 are potential acrylonitrile emitters.  Appendix G lists
more specific processes, such as modacrylic fiber production and ABS resin
production, as potential sources of acrylonitrile emissions.
     The preceding example shows that the SIC/pollutant and pollutant/SIC
indices may not be as useful in identifying pollutant-source associations in
some SIC codes as others.  For example, for the Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI), many pollutants are listed with SIC
codes 2865 and 2869.  To determine the specific pollutants associated with a
particular source will probably require further independent research.  But
the SIC/pollutant and pollutant/SIC indices do provide an indication of the
types of pollutants potentially emitted and serves as a starting point for
more investigation.

A.2  USE OF EMISSION FACTOR LISTING

A.2.1  Example Uses of Emission Factor Listing

     When source-supplied data are not available for a facility, emission
factors are useful tools for making emission estimates.  Emission factors
may also be used to cross check data submitted by a source during the
permitting process.  The list of emission factors in Appendix H was compiled
                                    A-3

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chiefly from EPA documents.  When estimating emissions of air toxics, the
table may be used as a "default" source of data when access to the primary
literature is not possible.  Examples of how the factors may be used are
shown in this section.
     Example:  Preparation of Air Toxics Emission Estimates
     Suppose an agency has decided to prepare a quick, preliminary inventory
of sources in SIC codes 2834 and 3321.  To illustrate use of the
SIC/pollutant index (Appendix C) and the emission factor table (Appendix H),
emissions from one facility in each source category will be discussed.
     For gray iron foundries, the SlC/pollutant list (Appendix C) shows
arsenic, cadmium, beryllium, lead, chromium, nickel, manganese, xylene and
acetaldehyde as possible pollutants from SIC 3321.  The emission factor list
(Appendix H) shows emission factors, as follows, for cast iron/gray iron:

     As        0.01-0.02 Ib/ton metal charged
     Mn        0.003 Ib/ton metal charged, baghouse control
               0.075 Ib/ton metal charged, impingement scrubber
               0.25 Ib/ton metal charged, uncontrolled
     Ni        20 Ib/ton nickel charged, uncontrolled
     Be        0.00044 Ib/ton produced
     Cr        0.03-0.09 Ib/ton carbon steel produced
     Cd        0.003 Ib/ton carbon steel produced
     Pb        0.1-1.1 Ib/ton produced, uncontrolled

Note that some emission factors  (chromium and cadmium) are for carbon steel
production.  Because this  inventory method is intended to provide a basic,
"rough estimate" type inventory, use of emission factors for similar, if not
identical, processes may be acceptable, and necessary, if a preliminary
estimate is required.
     Using these emission  factors, along with information from permit
applications or  inspection reports, the agency could estimate emissions of
these metals.  The  information needed from criteria pollutant inventories,
permits, or  inspection reports includes amounts of metal charged or amounts
                                    A-4

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of metal produced.  If the data are not available, the model plant approach
may be used to help estimate emissions.  Many source assessment documents
provide descriptions of small, medium and large plants, in terms o€ product
produced or raw materials used.  The agency could estimate the size of the
plant in their area and obtain approximate production/raw material data.
Then the emission factor could be used to quantify emissions.
     The organics listed in the SlC/pollutant index for gray iron foundries
are likely the result of core baking and mold drying and, perhaps,
degreasing.  No emission factors were found during this work effort for VOC
from core baking.  Methods of estimating emissions without emission factors
will be discussed in the next section.
     To estimate emissions of toxic pollutants associated with
pharmaceutical manufacture (SIC 2834), the SIC/pollutant index should be
consulted.  The list shows that 22 pollutants may be found in emissions from
a pharmaceutical plant.  Next, the existing criteria pollutant inventory,
permit files, or inspection reports should be checked to determine the
products, processes and raw materials used at the specific plant.  Suppose
this search indicated that carbon tetrachloride and chloroform were used at
the plant.  The emission factor list (Appendix H) provides the following
factors:

          Carbon tetrachloride     100 kg/Mg used
          Chloroform               160 kg/Mg used

Based on material usage records (from permit applications or inspection
reports) and these emission factors, the agency could estimate emissions of
these two chemicals.
     Example:  Permitting and New Source Review
     Suppose that the permitting staff needs to know what types of
pollutants may be associated with emissions from a new furniture
manufacturing plant and a new printing facility.  Using the SlC/pollutant
index (Appendix C), the permitting staff would note that emissions from
plants in SIC 25 (furniture manufacture) are generally associated with
                                    A-5

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solvents, and that emissions from printing (SIC 27) are associated with
solvents and metals.  The emission factor list (Appendix H) shows no
applicable factors for these two industries.   Even though no emission
                                                        »
factors were available in Appendix H for printing and furniture manufacture,
the permitting staff would have identified potential pollutants and would be
more aware of the types of chemicals about which to request information from
the source.  References listed throughout this report and the appendices,
such as source assessments and source surveys could provide useful data on
approximate emission quantities for model or hypothetical plants.  Examples
of how the permitting staff could estimate possible emissions from the two
new plants will be presented in Section A.3.

A,2.2  Limitations of the Emission Factor Listing

     The table in Appendix H provides emission factors that can be used to
obtain quick, rough estimates of toxic pollutant emissions for both
inventory development and permitting/new source review.  However, more
detailed data on the pollutant emission sources can be found in the primary
literature references discussed in this section.  The primary limitation of
using just the emission factor listing is that the development of the
factors is not shown in the table and the exact applicability is not
certain.  Consulting the primary references,  in addition to using the
emission factor listing, can provide a more accurate emissions estimate.

A.3  USE OF SPECIES (APPORTIONING) FACTORS

     Another technique that may be used to estimate emissions of air toxics
is to apply species or apportioning factors to existing estimates of
particulate matter  (PM) or volatile organic compounds  (VOC).  Examples are
presented  in this section of the use of species factors from three different
sources of information.
                                    A-6

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A.3.1  VOC and PM Soeciation Manuals

     Two major speciation references are currently available, one for
volatile organic compounds and one for particulate matter.  The VOC species
manual (EPA, 1980) shows percent by weight and percent by volume of specific
chemicals in emissions from specific processes.  The sources covered in this
manual include point and area sources, and SCC codes are presented where
applicable.  The manual for particulate matter (EPA, 1984) was designed to
provide particle composition data for receptor model applications, but the
composition data are useful for air toxics emission inventory work as well.
The manual lists composition as percent by weight for specific metals,
organic carbon and elemental carbon for particulate emissions from point and
area sources.  SCC codes are provided when applicable.  Examples of how
these tables may be used in air toxics emission inventory work are described
in this section.
     Example:  Quantifying Species in Particulate Matter Emissions
     Suppose that an agency wished to identify the particular elements that
comprise the particulate matter emissions from a glass furnace.  The
Receptor Model Source Composition Library document (EPA, 1984) lists species
present, on a weight percent basis, in total suspended particulate (TSP)
emissions from a glass furnace at a recycling plant (Profile Number 27102).
Twenty-nine specific metals are included in this particular source's
emissions, including arsenic.  By consulting the criteria pollutant
inventory to obtain the quantity of PM emissions in tons per year, the
agency could estimate the amount of toxic pollutants emitted.  If the total
PM emissions of the subject plant were 150 tons per year, and, the arsenic
content of PM emissions was 0.023 percent (by weight) from the Profile
Number 27102, the estimated arsenic emissions would be 150 tons/year x
0.023 percent or 0.035 tons per year.  Similarly, the receptor model source
composition library (Profile Number 27102) shows that TSP from the glass
furnace total about 0.218 percent, by weight, chromium.  If total PM
emissions were 150 tons per year, then estimated chromium emissions would be
0.33 tons per year.
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     Although TSP is not identical to participate matter, the analogy
between the two can be drawn and is useful  for screening purposes.  This is
especially true for many sources where most particulate matter is comprised
of TSP, PM-10 or fine particulate fractions.
     Before applying the species profile data for arsenic, the agency would
need to verify the type of glass produced at the plant.  Not all  types of
glass production use arsenic and different forms of arsenic are used in
different glass manufacturing processes.  These data may be obtained from
permit applications, inspection reports, or registration files.
     Example:  Quantifying Species of Volatile Organic Compounds
     An agency could estimate emissions of solvents from a commercial
printing facility by using the VOC species manual (EPA, 1980).  The manual
lists xylene and toluene as emissions from a commercial gravure printing
press.  Toluene accounts for 13.0 percent by weight and xylene (all isomers)
for 4.0 percent by weight.  Based on the total VOC emission from the
criteria pollutant inventory, estimates of the two species (pollutants) can
be made.  If a commercial printing facility emitted 100 tons per year VOC,
then based on data from the species manual, toluene emissions would total
13 tons per year and xylene, 4 tons per year.  The estimates generated using
this technique would only be expected to be preliminary because formulations
of inks and cleaners will vary at different facilities.  The agency could
contact the source to verify types of solvent used as part of a detailed
inventory development effort.
     Example:  Use of Apportioning Factors from the Literature
     Species profiles such as those available in work performed for
California's South Coast Air Basin (SAI, 1984) can be used to estimate
emissions.  For example, the SAI document  (Improvement of the Emission
Inventory for Reactive Organic Gases and Oxides of Nitrogen in the South
Coast Air Basin) lists VOC species profiles for typical primer coating by
percent weight  (Figure A-l).  A typical primer may contain, according to
this reference, 44.3 percent (weight) toluene, 1.45 percent (weight) all
isomers of xylene and 2.23 percent (weight) o-xylene.  Using total VOC
emissions from the criteria pollutant inventory, the emissions of toluene
and xylene from primer use could be quantified.

                                    A-8

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  Chemical Name                                               Weight Percent

Heptane                                                            1.94
Methylcyclohexane                                                  2.50
Toluene                                                           44.30a
Isomers of nonane                                                  3.45
Dimethylcyclohexane                                                6.26
2,4-Dimethylhexane                                                11.09
N-butyl acetate                                                    8.42
Dimethyl heptane                                                    1.04
Ethylcyclohexane                                                   2.08
Trimethylcyclohexane                                               2.43
Isomers of xylene                                                  1.45
o-Xylene                                                           2.23b
2,4-Dimethylpentane                                                2.66
Butyl cellosolve                                                  10.13
TOTAL                                                             99.98
 Used for estimating toluene emissions.
 Used for estimating xylene emissions.
    Figure A-l.  Sample Species Profile for Primer (Source:  SAI, 1984)
                                    A-9

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     Assume that the primer listed above is the only coating used and that
the plant in question emits about 50 Mg VOC per year.  For a rough estimate
of emissions, it can be assumed that all solvent in the coatings used is
emitted.  Then solvent emissions may be quantified as follows for primer
use:

     Primer:   50 Mg/year emitted x 0.443 =22.2 Mg/year toluene
               50 Mg/year emitted x 0.037 = 1.9 Mg/year xylene

     Note that the percents by weight for o-xylene and all isomers of xylene
were summed for total xylene.
     These techniques may also be used in evaluating new sources and
permitting by making assumptions about potential total VOC emissions or by
using data from the permit application.  The "worst case" estimate of
emissions could be made by using the highest percent (weight) for the toxic
pollutant of concern found in any species profile.

A.3.2  Material Safety Data Sheets

     Suppose an agency needs to speciate VOC emissions from a furniture
manufacturing plant.  When reviewing permit application files for the
source, the agency found information indicating that Supplier X's Enamel 209
and Primer 387 were the raw materials used at the plant and also found that
Material Safety Data Sheets for these two products were included in the
files.  Safety data sheets generally list the composition of the material by
percent weight (Figure A-2).
     By obtaining total VOC emissions for the plant from the criteria
pollutant inventory and/or permit applications, the emissions of specific
toxic pollutants can be estimated using the information on the safety data
sheet.  If the data in Figure A-2 represent the enamel and primers used at
the plant, and assuming that the plants total VOC emissions were 50 tons per
year, then 7.3 tons per year toluene and 1.9 tons per year of xylene would
be  an estimate of the air toxics emitted.
                                    A-10

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      II HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
MATERIAL OR COMPONENT
Figure A-2.  Sample Material Safety Data Sheet:
            Hazardous Ingredient Section.
                  A-ll

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A.3.3  Limitations of Using Species and Apportioning Factors

     The primary limitations when using species factors are that
(1) materials used at each facility will vary, and (2) speciation data are
not available for all source categories.  For example, a surface coating
operation may be known to use varnish and lacquer, but the specific type and
its composition are not known.  The apportioning factors can be successfully
used to get a rough emissions estimate of specific pollutants.  That level
of accuracy may be all that is needed for screening purposes.  If a more
detailed analysis is needed, the source could be contacted to obtain safety
data sheets for specific materials used.  The same calculation methods
presented here could then be made using the site-specific species data.

A.4  USE OF CONSERVATIVE MATERIAL BALANCES

     A material balance can be used to estimate emissions from processes
where emission factors, speciation data, or source assessment data are not
available.  Even where these other tools can be used, the material balance
may be the best approach in some situations.  The simplest material balances
(most conservative) are those that assume most or all of a material used or
fed into a process is emitted to the atmosphere.  In many cases, this
assumption will overestimate emissions; however, for screening purposes,
such an assumption may be reasonable.  Examples of how a material balance
may be used to estimate emissions are provided in this section.
     Example:  Estimating Emissions of VOC from Air Stripping of
     Contaminated Groundwater
     Suppose that an  agency needs to estimate emissions of two solvents
(1,1,1-trichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride) from an air  stripper  used
to decontaminate groundwater.  Using simple material balances based on
concentrations of the solvents in the groundwater and the operating
parameters of  the air stripper, emissions  (Ib/hr) of the two  solvents  can be
estimated.
                                    A-12

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     Assume that the groundwater concentrations of the two solvents were:

                    1,1,1-Trichloroethane    38 mg/1
                    Carbon tetrachloride     12.6 mg/1

Then assume that all of the solvent contained in the groundwater is emitted
to the atmosphere and that the stripper cleaned 50,000 1 of water per hour.
Then emissions could be estimated for 1,1,1-trichloroethane as follows:

50,000 1 water/hr x 38 mg solvent/1 x 1 lb/454 g x 1 g/1000 mg =
42.Ib solvent emitted/hr

Similarly, the estimated emissions of carbon tetrachloride would be 1.4 Ib
emitted/hr.
     Example;  Estimating Emissions of Metals and Orqam'cs from Waste Oil
     Combustion
     Suppose that an agency needed to estimate the area-wide emissions of
cadmium, chromium, and perchloroethylene from waste oil combustion.  Using
simple material balances based on the concentrations of metals and organics
in the waste oil and the amount of waste oil burned annually, and by
estimating the amount of metals and organics contained in the flyash,
emissions (tons/year) can be estimated.
     Assuming that about 75 percent of the metals in waste oil are emitted
(conservative estimate from the general literature), 739,000 gallons of
waste oil are burned per year and the oil contains 2.7 mg/1 cadmium, the
emissions could be estimated as follows for cadmium:

739,000 gal waste oil burned/yr x 2.7 mg Cd/1 waste oil x 75% metal emitted x
2.785 1 waste oil/gallon waste oil x 1 g/1000 mg x lb/454 g x 1 ton/2000 Ib =
0.006 ton/year Cd

For chromium, the emissions would be 0.085 tons/year, based on 37 mg Cr/1 in
waste oil.
                                    A-13

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     For perchloroethylene, assume that 1 percent of the organics in waste
oil are emitted (99 percent destruction), then:

739,000 gal waste oil burned/year x 448 mg perc/1 waste oil x 1% organic
emitted x 3.785 1 waste oil/gal waste oil x 1 g/1000 mg x 1 lb/454 g x
1 ton/2000 Ib = 0.014 ton/year

A.4.2  Limitation of Conservative Material Balance Use

     For processes where reasonable assumptions can be made about the fate
of a pollutant during the process, the conservative material balance
provides a reasonable first estimate of emissions for screening.  For
processes where a material is reacted to form a product or otherwise
significantly chemically changed, the conservative material balance
technique is not appropriate.  Consulting the literature for more detailed
data about the process may provide enough information to allow assumptions
to be made about the emission of a specific pollutant.
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                            APPENDIX A REFERENCES
SAI, 1984.  Improvement of the Emission Inventory for Reactive Organic Gases
and Oxides of Nitrogen in the South Coast Air Basin.  Draft Final Report.
Systems Applications, Inc.  August 24, 1984.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980.  Volatile Organic Compound
(VOC) Species Data Manual.  Second Edition.  EPA 450/4-80-015.  July 1980.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.  Receptor Model Source
Composition Library.  EPA 450/4-85-002.  November 1984.
                                    A-15

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               APPENDIX B

  AIR TOXICS EMISSION INVENTORY ISSUES:
DISCUSSIONS WITH STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES

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                                   APPENDIX B



                     AIR TOXICS EMISSION INVENTORY ISSUES:

                   DISCUSSIONS WITH STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
     This Appendix presents the results of conversations with various State
and local agencies on what approaches they have taken in compiling inventories
of air toxic emissions and how they have resolved important issues.  These
conversations were held between two EPA contractors, Engineering-Science (E-S)
and Radian, and various State and local agency personnel in the spring of 1986.
The questions and issues listed in Table B served as a focal  point for the
discussions.  (In some cases, E-S and Radian reflected information obtained
directly through working with these agencies.)  EPA personnel did not partake
in these discussions and, as such, cannot verify the accuracy of any statements
herein.

     Table R at the end of this appendix may serve as a useful  checklist for
those planning or just starting an air toxics emission inventory.

     EPA's National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse database (NATICH) has
been expanded to include specific information on State/local  emissions inven-
tories.  This information in available through NATICH Interactive Report 20
and includes agency-specific details on the data collection methodology used,
(e.g., via permits or questionnaires), on the types of data collected (e.g.,
stack and control device information), and presents the annual  emissions of the
pollutants inventoried.  This information is presented through the NATICH data
base for users with computer access and is also available as  a hardcopy report.
This information may be expanded on through the use of the Agency contact names
and telephone numbers.  The inventory data base will  be updated regularly as
State and local agencies supply information to EPA.
                                      R-l

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                         STATE DISCUSSIONS OF ISSUES


B.I  Pollutant Selection

     Several different methods of selecting toxic air pollutants have been
used by the agencies.  These approaches are described in the following
paragraphs.  More detail is given in Reference B-l.

     The Nevada-Las Vegas Clark County Air Pollution Control Division initiated
its toxic emission inventory to satisfy State regulatory standards.  This
local Agency inventories those substances regulated by the State of Nevada
which are prevalent in the county.  This list includes about 20 substances.

     The Puget Sound Air Pollution Control  Agency uses an "open-ended" approach
for selecting the substances to be inventoried.  All sources in the region
were requested to submit Material Safety Data Sheets for any material used or
produced at their facilities.  Emission information was requested during the
annual  source registration for all the materials listed on the submitted
Material Safety Data Sheets that are emitted at a rate in excess of 1 ton/year.

     Washington Department of Ecology's Office of Hazardous Substances and
Air Quality Control currently inventories about 50 toxics.  These 50 substances
were selected by a preliminary screening study which identified those substances
which are most likely to be emitted in the State.  From this preliminary
screening study list the State eliminated those pollutants for which no
emission factors or emission information existed.  The remaining pollutants
were then evaluated for their toxicity and emission potential.  Substances
having a fairly low toxicity and that were potentially emitted only in small
quantities were eliminated from the inventory list.

     The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering's
Division of Air Quality Control has just recently initiated an air toxics
emission inventory.  Compounds initially selected for the inventory included
the 379 chemicals listed in EPA's Chemical  Emergency Preparedness Program
Interim Guidance (Reference B-2) and l.fiOO substances included in the State's
right-to-know program.  Other substances are being evaluated for inclusion
through an assessment of health effects data.  The final inventory is expected
to include approximately 2,000 to 2,500 substances.

     The Texas Air Control Board list of toxic air pollutants evolved over
several years.  Initially, a list was comprised of common substances identified
in EPA and other State and local regulatory Agency toxic lists.  This list
has been refined to include 167 chemicals which are known to be emitted in
the State in signficant quantities.  Chemicals are added to the existing list
through the Agency's permit system.  Permit applications must identify all
chemicals that will be emitted from the source(s) under consideration.  The
Agency runs a screening dispersion model to determine if the emissions will
result in ambient concentrations above published occupational limits.  The
Health Effects Evaluation Research Section evaluates the health risks of
those substances for which an exposure limit is exceeded to determine if it
                                     B-2

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should he included as an air toxic.  Substances are evaluated based on occu-
pational exposure limits published by the American Conference of Governmental
and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Occupational Safety and Health Administra-
tion (OSHA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
When no exposure limit is available, other health effects data are used in
the evaluation.

     The New York State Bureau of Air Pollution Control  inventory has been
developed through its permit system.  Every air pollution source in the State
must be registered annually with the Agency through a permitting process.
Each permit application must include an estimate of the  quantity of each
substance expected to be emitted from the source for which a permit is being
sought, regardless of the substance's toxicity.  Each substance identified by
the applicant is included in the New York toxic emission inventory.  Currently
there are about 3,000 substances included in the inventory.

     In 1984, the Maine legislature mandated the Bureau  of Air Quality Control
to complete a toxic air pollutant inventory.  A list of  199 pollutants was
developed with the assistance of the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use
Management Council and the Maine Bureau of Health.

     The Minnesota Air Pollution Control  Board initially adopted the list of
37 potentially toxic substances published by EPA for high priority NESHAP
consideration.  It has since added to this list, five NESHAP pollutants
(asbestos, benzene, mercury, radionuclides, and vinyl chloride).  Thus, there
are currently about 42 substances inventoried.

     The California Air Resources Board works with the State Department of
Health Services to identify substances as air toxics through an elaborate
health impact assessment.  When there is  scientific uncertainty in the health
effects data for a substance, the data is submitted to a Science Advisory
Committee for review and evaluation to help determine whether the substance
should be listed as a toxic.  Substances  included in the initial evaluations
were selected through a review of other available lists, such as the EPA list
of 37 chemicals given priority for NESHAP study and lists developed by other
State agencies.  Pollutants have been prioritized for the toxicity assessment
based on the availability and quality of toxic information on the pollutants.
Once a substance is identified as an air toxic, the regional agencies (Air
Quality Management Districts) are then responsible for inventorying emissions
of the substance.

     Hudson County, New Jersey Regional Health Commission inventories
approximately 143 toxics which were selected through an  adverse health effects
evaluation using data from the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances (RTECS).  A substance was included in the list if it was a potential
carcinogen, mutagen, teratogen, or is considered acutely toxic.

     Rhode Island's Department of Environmental Management currently inventories
125 substances.  The substances were selected from other State lists and
carcinogenic chemical lists.  The Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use
Management Council assisted the Agency in developing the list.
                                     B-3

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     North Carolina's Division of Environmental  Management  has  completed  a
preliminary inventory survey to identify  which  toxic  substances  and  which
sources should be included  when its  inventory  is developed.   A  list  of  67
compounds has been generated from other agencies'  lists.   (This  list has
since been expanded to 81 substances.)  A pollutant/source  crosswalk was  used
to select 67 compounds from the several Agency  lists  reviewed.   North Carolina
feels that a targeted list  is a better  approach than  an  "open-ended" request
for toxic information and recommends the  approach to  other  State and local
agencies.

     Iowa's Department of Water, Air and  Waste  Management  is  currently  in the
preliminary stages of its air toxic  emission  inventory.   The  pollutants
selected for screening purposes are  primarily  the Resource  Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous constituents listed in  Appendix VIII of 40  CFR
Part 261.  Some substances  common to certain  nontraditional  sources, such as
landfills, and several toxics commonly  listed  by other agencies, but not  on
the RCRA list, were also included.  Upon  completion of the  list, approximately
400 substances are expected to be identified.

B.2  Source Selection

     Nevada-Clark County includes sources for  its toxics  inventory through
the permitting process.  New sources are  included in  the  inventory when they
are granted their initial 5-year operating permit.  Existing  sources are
required to report toxic emissions when they  apply for renewal  of their
5-year operating permit.  Sources which are not currently permitted, but  are
thought to be emitting more than 1/4 pound of  a toxic pollutant per  8-hour
period, will be investigated by the  Agency.  Area and nontraditional sources
are not included in the inventory.

     Massachusetts includes sources  for its toxics inventory  through its
criteria pollutant source registration  program.  All  stationary sources which
emit over 100 tons per year of a regulated air pollutant  are  sent a  registration
form annually.  These sources are now being asked to  report toxic emissions
on the registration forms.  Regional offices  within the State are responsible
for inspecting sources within their  jurisdiction and  assuring that sources
are properly registered.  No area sources or point source which emits less
than 100 tons per year of any regulated pollutant are currently included  in
the State's Stationary Source Emissions Information System (SSEIS).

     Puget Sound also incorporates sources of toxic emissions through its
annual registration system.  As in Massachusetts, sources are required  to
report toxic substance emissions on  registration forms.  The inventoried
sources are basically point sources.  Initially, a 1  ton per year point source
cutoff level was established for toxics,  but  this level  is now  considered to
be too restrictive because the inventory  was too small.  A much lower cutoff
level is now being studied.

     The Washington Agency uses its  criteria pollutant emission inventory to
identify potential toxic emitting sources in the following manner.   Sources
are requested to identify the constituents of their VOC process emissions.
The Agency than applies emission factors, when possible,  to estimate the


                                     B-4

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emissions of the toxic components.  Emissions of less than 5 tons per year
of a toxic pollutant are catalogued as an aggregated source.  The inventory
contains about 800 individual  listed sources, while over 2000 sources make up
the estimated total emissions  of each toxic substance.  A list of area sources
is also included in the inventory, including gasoline evaporation losses,  dry
cleaners, automotive gasoline  combustion, and others.

     Texas inventories about 1000 major sources within the State, including
area and nontraditional sources.  All existing sources included in its
criteria pollutant inventory were asked to report toxics.  The sources are
required to identify the constituents of their VOC emissions.  Emissions
from nontraditional sources, such as wastewater treatment plants, cooling
towers, valves, pumps, and flanges, are included in the inventory.  New
sources are incorporated into  the inventory through the new source permit-
ting process.  The State works with several advisory councils to determine
how to handle some sources, such as fugitives and other nontraditional
sources.

     New York also does not focus on any particular types of sources.  All
sources are inventoried that are subject to the Agency's permitting process.
All point sources requiring permits are included.  Excluded from the New York
inventory are area sources which do not require permits, boilers with a heat
input of less than 10^ Btu per hour, and certain small sources such as dry
cleaners.

     Maine selected 700 sources from three categories:  (1) facilities with
existing Agency emission licenses, (2) facilities that had submitted
hazardous waste data to the Maine Bureau of Oil and Hazardous Materials, and
(3) facilities picked from the Maine Marketing Guide which, because of their
SIC codes and the number of their employees, were deemed likely to emit more
than the inventory cutoff level.  Maine established a 2000 Ib/year emission
level cutoff to eliminate small point sources of toxics from the inventory.
This annual 2000 Ib/year cutoff level was negotiated between industrial
groups and the Maine Department of Environmental Protection.  The inventory
was designed to focus on four  types of sources: (1) process, (2) incinera-
tors, (3) storage facilities,  and (4) loading, unloading transfer operations.
It also included some nontraditional and area sources, such as schools,
hospital, sewage treatment plants, bulk gasoline marketing, woodburning
stoves, automobiles, open dumps, dry cleaners, and degreasers.

     Minnesota currently limits its toxic pollutant inventory to only those
sources included in its criteria pollutant emission inventory.

     The California Air Resources Board is primarily responsible for mobile
sources throughout the State,  while the Air Quality Management Districts
have the responsibility for inventorying stationary sources.  Selections
of the stationary sources to be Inventoried are made from the Districts'
knowledge of sources and from  information in published EPA reports and
other documents.  All types of sources are inventoried, including area and
nontraditional sources.
                                      B-5

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     Hudson County, New Jersey inventories  all  but  a  few types  of  traditional
sources.  Retail  food establishments,  analytical  laboratories,  fuel  burning
facilities with indirect heat exchange which burn commercial  fuels,  and  incin-
erator sources are exempted.   The Agency  does  not have  an emissions  de minimi's
level.

     Rhode Island selected a  few sources  from several  Standard  Industrial
Classification (SIC)  categories in an  attempt  to  cover  a wide range  of source
types.  Large companies in each category  were selected  because  of  their  greater
likelihood of emitting toxic  pollutants than smaller  ones.   SIC category selec-
tion was made from a  review of air toxics literature  and emission  assessment
documents.  The Agency felt that to avoid missing any potential  emitters in its
initial inventory, it should  select a  small  number  of sources in each category.
This first inventory  was similar to a  screening survey, which the  Agency feels
was useful and served its intended purpose.   The  next phase of  the inventory
will include fewer sources, with a focus  on  sources with high emissions  poten-
tial.

     The New Jersey Department of Environmental Management includes  emissions
data on air toxics in their criteria pollutant inventory.  There is  no separate
inventory for toxics.  Data are obtained  through  permit applications and source
registration.  These  sources  are required to provide  data describing all pollu-
tants emitted and separate emissions of particulate matter and  VOC as they come
up for review.

     North Carolina plans primarily to inventory  point  sources  included
in its permitting system.  Plans are to exclude from  the inventory some
area sources, such as dry cleaners.  The  North Carolina air toxics
inventory will focus  on the industries which are  prevalent in the  State.
De minimi's or cutoff  levels have been  developed that  are a function  of
substance toxicity.

     Sources to be included in the Iowa air toxics  emission inventory were
initialy selected from the existing criteria pollutant  inventory.   Smaller
sources whose annual  toxics emissions  were less than  1  ton per year  will
be excluded from the  inventory.  Since the  existing criteria pollutant
emission inventory is somewhat out-of-date, the 1986  Iowa Manufacturers
Register was also reviewed to identify sources which  are not included in
the Agency's criteria pollutant emission  inventory  or permitting system.
Area sources are being included, as well  as some  nontraditional sources,
such as landfills.

     Idaho's Bureau of Air Quality coupled  its air  toxics inventory with
its VOC emission inventory.  Sources elected for  the  VOC inventory were  also
surveyed for emissions.  A point source emissions cutoff level  of  1  ton  of
toxics per year was used to help focus on the major sources of concern.   Some
nontraditional sources and area sources,  such as  mobile and residential  wood
burning, were also inventoried.  Industries which are prominent in Idaho were
emphasized.

     Oregon reviewed work done by other States and  reported in the literature
to develop a list of SICs thought to be important with respect to  air toxics.


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This list was applied to the permitted facilities to determine whom should be
sent industry specific questionnaires.  Oregon noted that area sources such as
pesticide use, slash and field burning and woodstoves are as significant as
point sources.  Oregon suggests caution when referring to older literature
describing sources and expected emissions of air toxics.  For example, during
the literature search, the Agency identified printing as a source category of
concern.  After reviewing the completed questionnaire surveys from printing
facilities, the Agency noted that ink formulations have changed significantly
and that emissions of organic compounds may be less than orginally anticipated.

B.3  Geographical  Areas

     Most agencies developed their air toxic emission inventories either
through their criteria pollutant inventory or their permitting systems.
Consequently, the toxic inventories generally cover the same areas as the
criteria pollutant emission inventories or permitting systems.

     Massachusetts inventories the entire State through the source registration
system.  A hotspot for methylene chloride has recently been identified.

     Puget Sound covers the entire region (King, Kitsap, Pierce, Snohomish
Counties) and does not focus on any hotspots or urban areas.

     Washington developed their air toxic emission inventory from their criteria
pollutant emission inventory, which covers the entire State excluding the Puget
Sound region.

     New York currently inventories the entire State.  However, the State
contact believes that the initial phases of the inventory effort probably
focused on hotspots and urban areas throughout the State.

     In California, the local air pollution agencies, which perform the emission
inventories, generally focus on highly populated areas where there is a
concentration of sources.  The districts also focus on some hotspots such as
areas where there is a high concentration of gas stations (benzene concern) and
hospitals (ethylene oxide concern).

     North Carolina plans to inventory the entire State, rather than focus on
particular areas, and does not plan to focus on hotspots.

     Iowa plans to inventory the entire State.  Nevertheless, more emphasis
will be given to counties with greater populations because they have a higher
health risk potential.  The State does not plan to focus on any hotspots within
urban areas where collections of point and/or area sources can cause particular
problems.

     Idaho inventoried the entire State from a desire to develop concurrent air
toxics and VOC emission inventories.   No special consideration was given
to urban areas or hotspots.
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B.4  Screening Studies

     Before initiating the actual  inventory effort, the California, Minnesota,
Virginia, Iowa, Idaho, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Washington and
San Francisco Bay Area agencies performed some type of screening surveys to
Tielp focus the toxic inventory effort.

     California supports the use of screening surveys.  The State collaborates
with the State Department of Health Services, the EPA, and a nine member
Scientific Review Panel to screen  pollutants for inclusion in the air toxic
inventory.  Since the inventory effort for stationary sources is done by the
individual districts rather than the State, the districts are responsible for
screening sources of these pollutants in their area.  For example, the Bay
Area conducted a preliminary survey to identify which sources to focus its
detailed, quantitative survey on.   The State contact expressed that a single,
targeted survey might be sufficient, but added that this is dependent on the
Agency's knowledge of the area to  be inventoried.

     Minnesota and the Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board developed
initial survey questionnaires which were used in a preliminary screening
effort.  Minnesota requested sources to identify which of 37 toxic substances
were emitted by their facility while Virginia required sources to identify
which of 66 noncriteria substances were emitted by their facilities.  The
agencies were thus able to better  focus the inventory by knowing which pollu-
tants are emitted by which sources and also which pollutants are more likely
to be emitted.

     The Iowa screening study is currently being performed to identify
potential sources and toxics.  The VOC Species Data Manual (Reference B-2) was
used to help identify the types of toxics which may be emitted from various
SCC categories.  The Hazardous Constituents list of 40 CFR Part 261, Appendix
VIII, is the base list of toxics to be inventoried.  Several other substances
common to sources without SCC numbers were also included.  Sources to be
inventoried were initially identified through the existing criteria pollutant
inventory.  The 1986 Iowa Manufacturers' Register was also examined to identify
new sources not included in the criteria pollutant inventory.  Although area
sources were not included in the criteria pollutant inventory, several will
be included in the toxic inventory.  Some nontraditional sources, such as
landfills, will also be included on the suggested toxic source list.  Pre-
liminary toxic emission estimates  were made using the criteria pollutant
source data and apportioning factors from the VOC Species Data Manual.
Sources were then analyzed and ranked based on these calculated emissions and
other source process information.   Hence, both potential sources and toxics
were evaluated for prevalence and  priority within the State by a screening
study.

     A screening study was initially performed to help focus the Idaho air
toxic emission inventory effort.  The State later stopped the screening study,
because it was considered to be too restrictive and would have made the
inventory too small.   In this particular case, the screening study, as
designed, was not deemed to be helpful.
                                     B-8

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     Washington performed a screening study in which potential  sources and
toxic substances were identified for inventory inclusion.  The  Washington
contact felt that screening studies are helpful  but are not necessary.

     The Pennsylvania Bureau of Air Quality Control has recently begun an air
toxics emission inventory for 38 substances.  As a first step,  a screening
survey was used to help the State focus their inventory efforts.  The screening
survey was designed to collect basic, mainly nonquantitative data on the type
of substances used, stored and/or emitted.  Completed questionnaires were
returned by about 90 percent of the 700 facilities to which questionnaires
were sent.  The Bureau of Air Quality Control attributed the large response
to the planning that was done before the survey was sent out.  For example,
only larger facilities, selected from the existing criteria pollutant inventory,
were sent questionnaires.  It was felt by the Agency that larger facilities
would be better able to respond to the questionnaire.  As a second step, the
data received during the screening survey is being validated by field personnel
during regularly scheduled plant inspections.  Validation by field personnel
will be completed before the data are actually used.  Information obtained
during the screening survey will be used by the Agency to decide which sources
or source categories require a follow-up and more detailed data collection
effort.  The Agency hopes to have this initial air toxics inventory completed
by late 1986.

     The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) in San Francisco
conducted a screening survey and material use survey prior to preparing an
air toxics emission inventory.  The screening survey was sent to all permitted
sources in the Agency's jurisdiction.  It requested that the source identify
(by checking a box on the form) which of a list of 50 substances were used,
bought or made at the facility.  Ninety-five percent of the sources receiving
the screening survey completed and returned the form.  Personnel from the
BAAQMD enforcement division called on sources to encourage them to respond to
the survey.  After the results of the screening survey were reviewed, an
individualized material use survey was sent to appropriate sources.  For
example, if a source reported that it used benzene in the screening survey,
then the material use survey requested quantitative data (throughput, amount
used, etc.)   Then, based on the results of the material use survey, the
Agency estimated emissions for the 50 substances included in the survey.
The BAAQMD recommends a screening survey prior to beginning an  air toxics
emission inventory.  The results of the screening study provide a good starting
point for developing a complete air toxics inventory.

     North Carolina has completed a preliminary source category survey.  The
screening survey helped identify source categories (by SIC code) which warranted
further, more detailed research.  North Carolina's screening survey was based
on an SlC-pollutant index.  North Carolina recommends a screening approach
and use of a SlCpollutant index to other Agencies beginining an air toxics
emission inventory.
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B.5  Inventory Uses

     The contacted agencies use air toxic emission inventories  for different
purposes.  Emission inventory purposes  vary from responding  to  public  request
for data to developing regulations and  investigating certain environmental
problems.

     Nevada-Clark County uses its air toxic emission inventory  to evaluate
certain environmental  problems.  The Agency believes hydrogen chloride
emissions cause impairment to visibility in Clark County.   The  major hydrogen
chloride emission sources were identified through the inventory.   The  inventory
is also used to evaluate alternative control  strategies,  to  inform the public
about toxic pollution emissions, and to respond to public  requests for
information.  The Agency informs the public periodically  about  various
environmental  issues such as the county's visibility problem.

     The Puget Sound inventory has been used to develop a  waste oil  inspection
strategy, to respond to public requests for toxic substance  emission data,
and to occasionally assess health impacts.  The Agency was able to eliminate,
through the use of the toxics inventory, establishing an  unnecessary ambient
standard for arsenic.

     The Texas air toxic emission inventory is used to plan  on-site inspections
and conduct health effects evaluations.  The inventory is  also  used to summarize
and distribute source data to State regional  Agencies. This aids in the
statewide enforcement program and in the correction of environmental problems.
The emission inventory is also used to evaluate alternative  control  strategies.

     New York utilizes the air toxic emission inventory for  SIP planning and
for ambient monitoring planning.  For example, the inventory was  used  for
identifying the major emissions sources of benzene.  Having  identified these
major sources, the Agency was able to plan an appropriate  monitoring network
through the use of atmospheric dispersion modeling.  It was  then  possible to
determine local environmental impacts of the benzene emissions.  Inventories
are also used for evaluating alternative control strategies.

     In Washington, regulations are being developed based  on information from
the toxic emission inventory.  Inventory information is also being used to
supply community n'ght-to-know information.  Although the inventory has not
yet been used for emergency responses,  Washington has identifeid  emergency
preparedness as a possible use.  Finally, by reviewing the inventory data, the
State is better able to focus its subsequent inventory efforts.

     The Massachusetts Stationary Source Emissions Information  System (SSEIS)
has been used for several purposes within the State.  The State Health
Department has used the system for epidemiology studies,  such as  liver cancer
studies.  The system can provide information on a particular source, area, or
chemical which can help identify potential cancer risks.   The SSEIS is also
used for public requests for data.  Presently, the system has not yet been used
for risk assessment or for providing emergency response information, although
it can be used for these purposes.  Once some computer operational problems
                                     B-in

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are resolved, the system may be utilized by individual  regions to assist in
emergency response programs.

     Maine indicated the initial  purpose of its air toxic emission inventory
was to satisfy a legislative mandate.

     Minnesota primarily uses its emission inventory to identify what toxics
are emitted in the State.  The inventory was also used  to prioritize the sources
in terms of the magnitude of toxic emissions.  Minnesota does not plan to do
any risk assessment modeling.

     California uses its air toxic emisison inventory primarily to help
develop its toxic air contaminant control  strategy.  The inventory helps target
affected sources for control measures.  It also is used to determine if a
chemical should be identified as  a toxic air contaminant.  Once a chemical  is
identified as a toxic air contaminant, steps must be taken by the air quality
control districts to mitigate the health impacts associated with air emissions
of the substance.

     Hudson County, New Jersey intends to use the air toxic emission inventory
as a tool to identify local  areas having particulary high concentrations of air
toxics.  The inventory is also expected to be used for some simple risk
assessment modeling.

     Rhode Island prepared their  emissions inventory to support an air
toxics regulation.  The inventory was  used to select the air toxics to be
covered by the regulations.

     The Idaho air toxic emission inventory was conducted primarily to
determine the severity of the air toxics problem in the State.  The Agency
wanted to know what types of toxics were being emitted and what are the major
emission sources.
R.5  Use of Criteria Pollutant Inventories

     The Massachusetts, Washington, Puget Sound, California, Minnesota, Iowa,
Idaho, Rhode Island, Virginia, and Texas Agencies used existing criteria
pollutant inventories as a starting point and/or basis for developing the air
toxic emission inventory.  The criteria pollutant inventories were used
primarily to identify potential  air toxic sources and to help verify
toxics emission data provided by the sources such as stack parameters and
production rates.  Iowa used its VOC emission inventory to estimate air toxic
emissions.  The South Coast Air Quality District used its VOC emission inventory
to estimate benzene emissions from combustion processes.

     Not all  Agencies relied on the criteria pollutant emission inventory as
a starting point or basis for developing the air toxic emission inventory.
In New York and Nevada-Clark County, all sources and pollutants were determined
through each Agency's permitting process.  Maine developed its air toxic
inventory from "scratch", but did use its emission licensing system to select


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sources for the inventory.   The North Carolina  criteria  pollutant  inventory
is considered to be outdated and would not  be useful  in  an  air  toxics  emission
inventory program.

R.6  Questionnaires

     Texas, Maine, Minnesota, California,  New Jersey-Hudson County,
Pennsylvania, Oregon, Rhode Island,  San Francisco  Bay Area  and  North Carolina
have developed questionnaires specific for  toxic  emission data  collection.
Each of these State's questionnaires is discussed  in  the following paragraphs.
The other States collected  their toxics emission  data through their  permit
and/or registration process.

     The Texas air toxics questionnaires are similar  to  the criteria pollutant
questionnaires.  Basically  the same  type of information  is  requested for
toxic pollutants that is requested for criteria pollutants, i.e.,  emission
rates, stack parameters, etc.  The primary  difference is that the  toxic  VOC
constituents must be identified.

     Maine developed air toxic questionnaires similar to the criteria  pollutant
questionnaires.  The toxic  questionnaires,  however, were not as comprehensive
as the criteria pollutant questionnaires in that  they requested only the
total use of a substance and the total plant-wide  emissions. Criteria pollutant
questionnaires request that emissions be listed by process  operation.   The
toxics questionnaires were  designed  to obtain information  from  four  categories
of sources, including manufacturing  processes,  incinerators, storage facilities,
and loading/unloading/transfer operations.

     Minnesota has used two types of questionnaires  in its  inventory efforts.
A qualitative toxic air pollutant survey form was  initially distributed  along
with its criteria pollutant emission inventory  questionnaire.  The survey was
a one page form listing the State's  42 identified  air toxics.  Sources were
asked to indicate which compounds were used at  their  facility.   The  qualitative
survey form was later followed by a  quantitative questionnaire  to  gather more
specific information on the use of toxics,  such as operating schedules,
quantities handled and emitted, stack or vent  parameters,  and control  equipment.
Sources were also requested to identify other substances being  used  which may
be considered toxic.

     California tailors air toxic questionnaires for  specifc substances  for
which data are lacking.  The agency also works  with technical advisory
committees to develop general questionnaires for use  by the regional  agencies.
These questionnaires may differ signficantly from the criteria  pollutant
questionnaires.

     Hudson County, New Jersey also developed a questionnaire specific for
toxics.  Basically the same type of information that  is normally needed for
a criteria pollutant inventory — such as stack parameters, emission rates,
etc. — was requested on the toxics  questionnaire.

     Rhode Island has developed a questionnaire specific for air toxics.  The
basic format of the questionnaire is general for all  industries.


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     North Carolina has recently distributed data collection forms to 325
facilities based on the results of the screening study.   Data were requested
from these facilities to assist the State in beginning their detailed air
toxics emission inventory.  A mandatory "registration" process is used.  The
data collection forms were designed to help provide data for dispersion
modeling work planned for the near future and in development of an economic
impact analysis of the State's planned air toxics program.

     North Carolina recommended that other agencies may  benefit from limiting
questionnaires or surveys to include only data that are  absolutely necessary,
and to keep in mind the ability of the source to respond to the questionaire.
North Carolina also felt that a targeted approach and a  manageable list of
pollutants of concern have been keys to their success thus far.

     One unique aspect of the North Carolina survey questionnaire is the
method of screening low-quantity emitters of toxics.  The Agency prepared a
list of emission rates below which a source is not required to report actual
emissions.  These de minimis levels were determined by a screening model
predicting conservative ambient concentrations.  North Carolina feels that
having a cutoff point will help sources by decreasing reporting requirements,
and reduce Agency time spent on trace emissions.

     Finally, North Carolina has developed a staggered approach in distributing
their survey questionnaires.  About 300-400 questionnaires will be sent out
every fiO days, to a mix of major and minor sources.  The timing of the mail
out will allow a better opportunity to manage the incoming data and respond
to inquiries.  The mix of source sizes will allow for providing assistance to
individual sources.  Minor sources are expected to require the most assistance.
Also, the mail out was designed to distribute the work load equally between
the State's seven regional offices.  Therefore, one regional office would
not be inundated with requests for assistance from sources.

     Industry-specific questionnaires were developed for Idaho's air toxic
sources.  For example, the paint industry was requested  to supply information
on the types and quantities of paints, thinners and solvents used.  In some
cases, the questionnaires were source-specific, e.g., a  questionnaire was
used to request emission data from storage tanks.  The air toxic questionnaires
were coupled with the criteria pollutant questionnaires, thus the information
requested was the same except that sources were to identify the toxic
constituents of their VOC and particulate emissions.

     Oregon also developed industry-specific questionnaires for surface coating,
storage tanks, waste oil combustion, pesticide manufacturing and other
manufacturing processes.

8.7  Other Data Collection Procedures

     Several agencies used other data collection procedures besides
questionnaires, as described in the following discussion.

     Nevada-Clark County uses its permitting process as  its major data
collection method.  Most data is gathered through the investigation of


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permit/compliance information.  Plant inspections  are performed  on  new sources
to verify data submitted for obtaining a construction/operating  permit.

     New York relies mainly on information supplied with permit  applications
to satisfy toxic emission data needs.  Facilities  are also visited  as  a
recertification procedure.

     Massachusetts uses its registration forms to  obtain toxic emissions
data.  Plant visits are performed by the State's regional  inspectors  to
verify data.  Right-to-know information was found  to be of limited  usefulness
as an air toxics data gathering tool due to industry-imposed security  and
confidentiality requirements.

     Washington and Puget Sound gather toxics emission data through a  coupled
criteria pollutant/air toxic registration form.  The State's local  air
pollution control agencies are able to verify all  source information  through
annual plant inspections.  Puget Sound requested OSHA Material Safety  Data
Sheets from sources to identify the toxic components of the materials  each
source utilizes.  The Material Safety Data Sheets  provided information which
the sources may not otherwise have been able to supply.  The actual chemical
compounds comprising the materials used by each source are identified  on these
data sheets as well as the material's physical data, such as boiling  point,
solubility, evaporation rate, flash point, and fire and health hazards.

     In addition to questionnaires, Texas also reviews permit/compliance
information to collect data.  When dispersion modeling is needed, the  agency
requests more specific information, such as topography maps.  State regional
personnel may perform routine surveillance investigations as a means  to verify
source data.  Data may also be validated by comparison with an existing,
similar facility or by conducting an engineering analysis of the process.

     As an alternative data collection method, Maine agency personnel
occasionally visited certain sources such as printers or degreasers to become
familiar with the type of processes at those potential sources.   All  sources
which had not responded to the questionnaire were contacted individually by
telephone and were reminded of the inventory and its importance.

     Minnesota plans to update the air toxics emission inventory through its
operating permit system.  A public right-to-know program has not been adopted
in Minnesota.  Registry data and Material Safety Data Sheets were not  useful
in collecting air toxics emission data.

     California used information from district offices and data from criteria
pollutant inventories to supplement information provided by toxics questionnaires,
Plant visits were also made and source compliance/permit data were sometimes
used as an alternate means of data collection.  Material Safety Data Sheets
were not utilized; however, suppliers were contacted to obtain the data that
these sheets provide.  The California contact stated that supplying complicated
source parameter data and decoding trade name chemicals are burdensome for
smaller sources.
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     Material  Safety Data Sheets were used by Hudson County, New Jersey to
identify the makeup of a company's emissions when the company claimed it did
not know the makeup.  Specific quality assurance measures in the county
entail source visits by agency personnel  to verify submitted source data.

     Rhode Island sent follow-up letters  to sources located in hotspots to
obtain data not provided on the questionnaires.  In a few cases, actual source
inspections and meetings were held to clarify quantities and types of emissions.
Hazardous waste manifest data was also reviewed to help gather data.  Material
Safety Data Sheets were used extensively  to clarify brand name and trade name
constituents.  The State's right-to-know  information was not accessible.

     Idaho telephoned sources to request  information not provided on their
questionnaire.  The importance of the air toxic inventory and the need for
data was stressed.  Permit/compliance information was occasionally used to
supply missing data.  The State's inventory was small enough, however, and the
State was familiar enough with the sources that in most cases, the State was
able to provide the missing data.  Registry data, Material  Safety Data Sheets
and right-to-know information were not used.

B.8  Data Quality

     Most agencies reported that sources  had little difficulty supplying the
required information.

     In New York, facilities are required to supply all the requested
information in order to receive an operating permit.  The need for a permit
to operate provides sources the incentive to give pertinent data.  The Agency
offers confidentiality when possible for  trade names and process descriptions.
All data are reviewed by agency engineers and if the data or emission esti-
mates do not appear reasonable, sources may be required to verify them with
source test results.

     Massachusetts sources reportedly had no major difficulty supplying
requested toxic emission information.  Data elements common to toxic and
criteria pollutants were compared with several years of previous data.  If
the data agreed with previous submitted information within 10%, they were
accepted as accurate.  Chemical nomenclature posed no major problems.
Confidentiality and security were the only inhibiting factors in the data
collection procedures.  Sources were assigned confidentiality codes so that
data are only accessible if the appropriate codes are used.

     New Jersey stressed checking the quality of the data prior to entering
it into a data management system.  New Jersey suggested that agencies just
beginning an inventory may benefit from a county-by-county approach at first,
instead of attempting to cover an entire  State.

     Most Puget Sound sources had no difficulty supplying the agency-requested
data.  OSHA Material Safety Data Sheets were requested for the air toxics
inventoried, thereby eliminating any brand name component identification
difficulties.  Nomenclature did not create any problems.  Initially, some
sources were unable to supply enough information to quantify the toxic


                                     8-15

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emissions.  The Agency requested those sources to supply whatever information
they had about their processes, materials  and emissions.  The Agency was  able
to estimate the emissions for these sources from information obtained from
similar sources.  All  individual source information is  summarized annually on
a computer printout that the registrant must update and correct.
                                     »
     The Nevada-Clark County agency indicated that most sources experienced
little difficulty in supplying necessary traditional  source information.   In
some cases, however, where emission estimation methods  were not practical, or
where sources were unable to supply data,  the agency made estimates based on
pollutant parameters, process procedures and engineering principles.  For
example, some large industries did not know how to estimate the emissions
from cooling towers.  The agency estimated these emissions by conducting  an
engineering analysis using available data and process knowledge.

     Texas indicated that sources were able to supply the necessary infor-
mation.  Nomenclature and brand names were not a problem.  Texas  validated
emission rates for particular sources by comparing the  rates to an existing,
similar facility or by conducting an engineering analyses of the process.

     Washington also indicated that sources has no problem supplying necessary
information, however, the validity of this data is questioned.  The Washington
contact felt that sources really do not know the type of toxics they emit nor
the quantities they emit.  Washington did not supply a  cross reference list
of alternative chemical names or trade names, but major nonmenclature problems
did not occur.  The .State performed all emission calculations, so the sources
were not required to give estimates.

     Maine reviewed all questionnaires to verify the data submitted.  Based
on this evaluation, several facilities from three categories of sources were
selected for on-site follow-up visits as a second tier quality assurance
measure.  Source categories selected for the follow-up procedures were sources
that reported significant emissions, sources which responded and reported no
emissions, and sources which did not respond at all.  Maine utilized Material
Safety Data Sheets which eliminated some substance identification difficulties.
In some cases, however, Material Safety Data Sheets were inadequate, therefore,
brand name substances were occasionally difficult to identify.

     Minnesota reported that the gathered toxics information undoubtedly
contained some inaccuracies.  Skepticism was expressed about the ability of
some small sources to accurately estimate their toxic emissions.  Confidentiality
caused problems for some sources in Minnesota.  Brand names created many
difficulties, because sources did not know the chemical constituents of the
materials.  Minnesota also indicated that a major data collection difficulty
was its lack of a person experienced in dealing with chemical processes and
emissions who could make value judgments on processes and emissions.

     California indicated that not all sources were capable of supplying the
needed information.  Some smaller sources had problems supplying some data such
as stack parameters.  Also, some sources were reluctant to supply confidential
data.  The use of brand names also hampered the data collection effort.  The
State helped in decoding brand names.


                                     B-16

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     Hudson County, New Jersey had no confidentiality problems associated with
collecting data and toxic pollutants.  In most cases sources were able to
supply the needed information.  Brand or trade name constituents were considered
to be easily identified.

     Rhode Island satisfied confidentiality concerns by storing confidential
data in locked files.  Constituent identification of some brand name materials
occasionally caused difficulties.

B.8  Computerization of Inventory Data

     Most agencies use a computerized data handling system which is coupled
to their criteria pollutant system.  Several  agencies incorporate a file of
air toxic emission factors into their system to automatically calculate
emissions, while other agencies either manually calculate emissions or rely
on source estimates which are entered into the data base.

     The Nevada-Clark County agency utilizes a computerized data base.
Emissions are manually calculated either by the agency or by the source and
entered manually into the system.

     Puget Sound couples all toxic source data with the criteria pollutant
source data in a computerized system.  A file of air toxic emission factors
is incorporated into the system to automatically calculate air toxic emissions.
Where emission factors are not available, they are developed from the source's
data.

     Texas uses a computerized data base that includes both the criteria
pollutant and air toxic emission inventories.  Sources supply emission
estimates which are directly entered into the data base, hence, the computer
does not actually calculate the emissions.  An in-house quality assurance
check is performed by agency engineers before the data are entered into the
system.  Engineers review the data to assess their reasonableness and accuracy.

     The New York air toxic inventory includes about 300 substances, so a
computerized system is a necessity.  The data base includes both criteria and
toxic pollutants, but the system does not calculate pollutant emissions.
Sources supply emission estimates, and the State's engineers review the data
before entering them into the system.  Pollutant emission data are stored and
retrieved by an appropriate Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) number and a
corresponding National Emissions Data System (NEDS) number.

     The Washington emissions data handling system is computerized and contains
both the air toxics and criteria pollutant data.  The system incorporates a
file of emission factors which automatically calculates air toxic emissions
for a limited number of point sources.  An area source file is kept separate
from the point source file.  The Agency manually calculates these emissions and
enters them into the data base.  The Washington data handling system is in
the development stages.

     In Massachuetts, air toxic data handling is coupled with criteria
pollutant handling in a single system.  The system (SSEIS) incorporates a


                                     B-17

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file of emission factors to automatically calculate emissions.   These emission
factors were developed for estimating total  VOC emissions,  but  can be used  to
estimate the emissions of the VOC constituents.  The composition of the VOC-
generating material  must be known to use the factors for this purpose.  When
no emission factors  are available, emissions are manually calculated using  a
mass balance approach.  These estimates are  then entered into the data base.
The Massachusetts data handling system is currently being evaluated by EPA  as
a prototype for a national data handling system.  The system includes provisions
for handling air toxics.

     In order to deal  with the volume of data reported, Maine developed an
on-line computerized data handling system.  This system utilized the Department's
Honeywell Level 6 mini-computer.  Some problems were experienced in fitting
their data base onto the data handling system.

     Minnesota's air toxic emission inventory is currently handled manually.
Plans are to integrate the data into the criteria pollutant emission iventory
in the near future.   This will facilitate the summatio of the survey data for
reporting purposes.   Computerization of the  survey data will also make it
easier to update the air toxics inventory, which will be done through the
agency's permit process.

     California has  developed a prototype computerized data handling system.
The system requires  some revisions and is not yet operable.  The air toxic
system will be separate from the criteria pollutant system.

     The Hudson County, New Jersey data handling system allows  the agency to
store toxics emission data but has very limited reporting and data analysis
capabilities.  The system is installed on a  personal computer.

     Rhode Island utilizes a computerized data handling system.  The system
is entered on  IBM PC software and uses dBase III.  Data are entered by toxic
pollutant source, and may then be sorted and reported in various ways by the
dBase III program.

     The Idaho data  handling system is computerized.  It does  not incorporate
a file of air toxic  emission factors to automatically calculate emissions.
Emissions must be manually calculated and entered into the data base.  The
air toxic system is  separate from the criteria pollutant system; however, it
has unique interactive capabilities with EPA's Emission Inventory System
(EIS/PS.)

     North Carolina and Virginia are currently planning data handling systems.

B.9  Emission Estimation Methods

     Most agencies request each source to supply air toxic emission estimates.
Others feel sources are not realistically capable of supplying  accurate
estimates.  Those agencies which do some emission calculations  primarily use
either emission factors or material balances.  The specific approaches used
by the various agencies for estimating emission rates are described in the
following paragraphs.


                                     B-18

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     New York requires sources to supply emission estimates.  Permit applica-
tions have specific codes which sources must use must use to indicate whether
the emissions were estimated by material balance, emission factors, source
tests, or other methods.  Sources are required to supply information to
substantiate emission estimates with their permit applications.
       *

     Nevada-Clark County determines toxic emissions from the source's permit
application.  Sources supply all pertinent information and test results as
part of the application.  When emission data are not provided, the agency
estimates emissions using process data and engineering principles.  Emission
factors are used when available.

     Puget Sound also requires sources to supply emission estimates.  Most
estimates entered into the data handling system, however, are actually
generated by the system using emission factors.  When emission factors are
not available, they are developed from source estimates and other source
information and entered into the computer to calculate emissions.

     Texas sources supply air toxic emission estimates using material
balances, emission factors, and source tests.  In some cases where traditional
emission estimation methods are not practical, such as for waste water
treatment plants, other techniques must be used.  The agency relies on
American Petroleum Institute literature, physical property data, and an
advisory council to help estimate emissions from nontraditional sources such
as these.

     Massachusetts requires sources to supply emission estimates whenever
they can which are entered into the data handling system.  Otherwise, emissions
are system-calculated using NEDS emission factors.  These emission factors
were developed for estimating total VOC emissions but may be used to estimate
emissions of VOC constituents.  The composition of the material generating
the VOC emissions must be known to use the factors to estimate the VOC
constituent emissions.  When no emission factors are available for a certain
process or operation, emissions are manually calculated using a mass balance
approach.  These estimates are then entered into the computerized data system.

     Maine requested sources to supply plant-wide emission estimates, but,
not all sources provided this information.  When emission estimates were not
provided, the State determined them through discussions with plant operators,
comparisions of the source with similar industrial sources, and analyses of
the chemicals used at the facility.  The most commonly employed emission
estimation techniques, however, were emission factors and material balances.

     Minnesota required that the sources estimate their air toxic emissions.
The agency has no experience with special air toxic emission factors.

     California estimates toxic emissions primarily from source test results,
material balances, and emission factors.  Where these methods are not practical,
other methods are used.  In some cases, estimates provided by the source are
accepted if the methodology is considered valid.
                                     B-19

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     Hudson County, New Jersey requires sources to estimate the emissions  of
specific toxics.  Agency engineers review the submitted  estimates  to verify
their validity.  Occasionally, sources reply that they are incapable of
estimating emissions.  In these instances, the county attempts  to  estimate
the emissions.  In cases of enforcement action and non-compliance  situations,
Hudson County performs an in depth analysis.  Actual  stack testing may be
required to verify source emission estimates.

     Rhode Island primarily estimated toxic emissions by material  balance
calculations or by using general  emission factors.  No special  emission
factors were developed.  The State has no specific techniques for  estimating
fugitive emissions.  The material  balance approach is expected  to  account  for
fugitives.

     Virginia requires sources to supply emission estimates.  Estimates are
based on various methods including emission factors,  material balances, and
emission test results.

     Emissions for the Idaho air toxic emission inventory were  manually
calculated using many methods.  Emission factors were the primary  means.
Material balances were also performed for some sources.   Actual source test
results were also employed when available.  No special emission calculation
techniques were used for air toxics.

B.10  Useful Agency Reports

     Few agencies have produced any formal documents  related to air toxic
emission inventories.  Maine (Reference B-4), Idaho (Reference  B-5), Puget Sound
(Reference 8-6), Minnesota (Reference B-7), North Carolina (Reference B-8), New
York (Reference B-9), Massachusetts (Reference B-10), and California (Reference
B-ll) have published reports on various aspects of their toxics inventory  efforts,

B.ll  Useful Data Handling Systems

     Only a few agencies indicated that their data handling systems have any
particularly useful features or capabilities.  One helpful feature of the
Puget Sound data handling system is the ability to summarize all the source
data on a single computer printout.  The printout can then be sent to each
source for additions and corrections.

     The New York data handling system has a technique to summarize expiring
permits.  As source permits expire, the system automatically generates a
listing of those sources.  These listings are sent to the appropriate regions
which are chartered to initiate the permit recertification process.  The end
result is improved communication between the State headquarters and the field
office.

     Massachusetts has perhaps the most refined data handling system.  It  is
currently being presented to the EPA as a prototype for a national data
handling system.  The system is to be used nationally for criteria pollutants
with provisions for air toxics.  Massachuesetts also has separate data bases
for the State's right-to-know program and for the State's source hazardous


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waste identification program.  The SSEIS data handling system is  interactive
with these two data bases.

     The New Jersey OEP uses a six digit numerical  system,  based  on  the Merck
Index, as a basis for identifying pollutants  in  their inventory,  along with  each
chemical's Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)  number  and chemical  name.   The
inventory data base can be searched by pollutant code number for  pollutant emis-
sions, raw material use, control  equipment,  and  Source Category  Classification
(SCC) code.
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                          REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX B
B-l.  Methods for Pollutant Selection and Pripritization. EPA-450/5-86-010.
      U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, N. C.
      July, 1986.

B-2.  Chemical  Emergency Preparedness Program Interim Guidance, U. S.
      Environmental  Protection Agency, Washington, DC, November 1985,
      Revision 1, 9223.0-1A.

B-3.  Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data Manual, Second Edition,
      U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
      July 1980.

B-4.  Hazardous Air Pollutants in Maine:  Emissions Inventory and Ranking
      System.  Maine Bureau of Air Quality Control, Division of Technical
      Services and Maine Bureau of Health, Environmental  Health Unit,
      Environmental  Toxicology Program.  March 1985.

B-5.  Air Toxics and Volatile Organic Compound Emission Inventory and Program
      Development for the State of Idaho.  Engineering-Science, Inc., Boise,
      ID, 1985.

B-6.  Air Toxic Emissions from Selected Non-traditional Sources in the Puget
      Sound Region.  Engineering-Science, Inc., Boise, ID, September 1985.

B-7.  Prioritization of Toxic Air Pollutant (TAP) Emission Sources in Minnesota:
      Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Division of Air Quality, Memorandum
      to John S. Seltz From Michael Connonlly.  Roseville, MN, February 19,
      1985.

8-8.  North Carolina Air Toxics Survey - Identification of Pollutants of Concern
      and Potential  Emission Sources.  Radian Corporation.

B-9.  New York State Air Guide 1, Guidelines for the Control of Toxic
      Ambient Air Contaminants.  New York State Department of Environmental
      Conservation, Division of Air Resources.  1985-1986 Edition.

B-10. Massachusetts Stationary Source Emissions Information System (SSEIS)
      Training Manual.  TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
      CT, May 29, 1984.

B-ll. State of California Air Resources Board, Status Report Regarding the
      Toxic Air Contaminant Program.  California Air Resources Board, January
      1985.
                                     B-22

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                                     TABLE B


            ISSUE QUESTIONS USED TO GUIDE DISCUSSIONS WITH AGENCIES


PLANKING


1.  How did your agency decide on what pollutants to cover?

     - Use arbitrary list?

     - Open-ended approach?

     - Tailored list (chosen by some screening criteria)?

     - Recommendations?

2.  Does your agency focus on any particular types of sources?  Why?

     - Point sources?

     - Area Sources?

     - Major/minor distinction?

     - Any sources excluded?  Why?

     - Any emphasis on specific industries?

     - Recommendations?

3.  How did your agency decide on what geographical area(s) to cover?

     - Arbitrarily cover entire State?  Urban areas?

     - Based of ambient monitoring data?  Health effects data?

     - Community input?

     - Any focus on smaller "hotspots" within urban areas where a collection
       of point and/or area sources is causing a particular problem?

     - Recommendations?

4.  Were any screening studies used to help focus the inventory?

     - What kinds of screenings were done?

     - Are screening studies useful?  Necessary?

     - How much effort should be devoted to screening?

     - Recommendations?  Useful data sources?

     - Guidance needed?


                                       B-23

-------
                                  TABLE B (CTD.)


PLANNING (cont.)


5.  How is the air toxics inventory being used by your agency?

     - Modeling around individual point sources?

     - Areawide modeling of point and area sources?

     - To evaluate alternative control strategies?

     - Respond to public requests for data?

     - Emergency response information?

     - Other?

     - Does your inventory adequately accommodate all desired uses?

     - Recommendations?

DATA COLLECTON

1.  Before initiating the data collection effort, does your agency screen
    sources to identify potential emitters of specific compounds, in order to
    focus the data collection effort?

    - Based on information in EPA or other reports?  Which ones?

    - Has your agency developed some sort of source/pollutant "crosswalk",
      linking pollutants with probable emitters (e.g., on an SIC or SCC basis)?
      If so, is this available?

    - Is this a useful step?

    - Recommendations?

2.  Is your agency able to use the existing criteria pollutant inventory as a
    starting point and basis for devleoping the air toxics inventory?

    - For locating potential air toxics sources?

    - For directly estimating air toxics emissions by applying air toxics
      emission factors to existing source data?

    - Other?

    - In general, would you recommend basing the air toxics inventory on the
      existing criteria pollutant inventory or recommended starting from scratch?
                                        B-24

-------
                                TABLE B (CTD.)


DATA COLLECTION (cont.)


3.  Has your agency developed questionnaires specific for air toxics?

     - General or industry specific?

     - Are they substantially differenct from your criteria pollutant
       questionnaires?  How?

     - Do you reconmend coupling the air toxics questionnaires with the
       criteria pollutant questionnaires?

     - Recommendations?

     - Are any questionnaires available that were developed by your agency?

4.  What other data collection procedures  are used besides questionnaires?

     - Plant calls/visits?

     - Followup questionnaires?

     - Use of registry data, material safety data sheets, "right-to-know"
       information, etc.?

     - Use of permit/compliance information?

     - Recommendations?

5.  Are sources capable  of supplying the air toxics data your agency requires?

     - Source parameters?

     - Substance use data?  (i.e., can sources specify how much of each substance
       is purchased, processed, produced,  disposal of, etc.?)

     - Air toxics emissions estimates?

     - Does the use of alternative chemical names and trade names prevent proper
       reporting by sources and interpretation of responses by your agency?  In
       this regard, does your agency distribute and/or employ some sort of list
       that cross references chemical names with althernative chemical names or
       trade names?  Is this needed?

     - Recommendations?
                                        B-25

-------
                                   TABLE B (CTD.)


DATA STORAGE, ANALYSIS AND REPORTING


1.  Does your agency use a computerized system for air toxics?

     - Is it coupled with the criteria pollutant system?

     - Does it incorporate a file of air toxics emission factors to
       automatically calculate air toxics emissions.

     - Is a computerized system necessary for your purposes?

     - Reconoendations?

2.  How are air toxics emissions estimated?

     - Are sources required to supply emission estimates?  Can they,
       realistically?

     - Agency calculates emissions from questionnaires or other data?

     - What estimating approaches are used?

           - Material balances?

           - Emission factors?

           - Source tests?

     - Are there any special emission calculation techniques used for air
       toxics?

     - Recommendations?

3.  Does your agency produce any special reports from the inventory that are
    particularly useful in your air toxics program?

     - Recommendations?

4.  Does your agency's data handling system have any particularly useful
    features or capabilities that you would recommend?

     - Interactive capabilities?

     • Organization/data hierarchy?

     - Others
                                        B-26

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    APPENDIX C



SIC/POLLUTANT INDEX

-------
                                 APPENDIX C
                             SIC/POLLUTANT INDEX

     This appendix contains an index matching source category, by Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) code, with pollutants known or reasonably
anticipated to be associated with each SIC code.  The associations may not
be positive in all cases.  Also, these data do not have any bearing on the
quantity of pollutant emitted.  Pollutants may be emitted in trace amounts
or in the tons per year range.
     The pollutants included in the SIC/pollutant index and pollutant/SIC
index (Appendix D) were selected from lists of pollutants either currently
regulated or under review by 25 State and local agencies or EPA.  The lists
were obtained from the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
(NATICH) and air toxics studies performed for various State agencies.
     Several types of data sources were consulted to determine pollutants
that may be associated with various SIC codes.  General references
describing production and use of chemicals provided information on use, and
therefore, potential emissions of substances for which more detailed
assessments are not yet available.  The NATICH report data on permitting
were also used to identify chemicals emitted from specific SIC codes.  In
addition to the hard copy report, the NATICH computer data base section on
permitting was searched for pollutants permitted by State/local agencies and
the source's SIC code.  Air toxics inventories, screening studies, and air
toxics program development studies conducted by and for State and local
agencies were used to obtain any previously developed SlC/pollutant lists.
EPA source assessments and emission factor development documents comprise
most of the primary literature cited in the previously prepared inventory
reports.
                                    C-l

-------
               TABLE C-l.  SOURCE CATEGORIES BY SIC CODE AND
                           ASSOCIATED POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS

SIC Code
0189
0282
0289
0291
0299
0373
0723
0724
0754
0851
1021
1031
1041
1061
1081
1092
Reference
SCC Code Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
— hydrogen sulfide
— toluene
— ammonia, benzene, carbon tetrachloride,
1,4-dichlorobenzene, formaldehyde,
hydrogen chloride, methyl chloroform,
methylene chloride, chlorobenzene, PCB,
phenol, styrene, perch! oroethylene,
toluene, trichloroethylene, Freon 113,
vinyl idene chloride, ethylene dichloride
lead
— naphthalene
— toluene
ethylene dibromide, hydrogen sulfide,
hydrogen chloride, chlorine, ammonia
— arsenic, ammonia, hydrogen chloride 1
— asbestos
— naphthalene
arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper
— arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead,
zinc, ammonia
benzene
nickel
arsenic, toluene diisocyanate
mercury
13
13
13
13
13
13
5, 12,
13
, 5, 13
13
13
1, 10
1, 10,
13
1
1
1
3
Applicable Source Category Classification  (SCC)  codes,  where data were
 found, are listed along with the SIC  code.
                                    C-2

-------
                          TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
1094
1099
1111
1112
1211
1213
1216
1311
1321
1380
1381
1382
1389
1422
1442
1446
SCC Codea Potential Pollutant
— radionucl ides, ammonia, gasoline
vapors, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen
sulfide
— beryllium, arsenic, hydrogen chloride
arsenic, POM, PAH
arsenic, toluene diisocyanate
— hydrogen sulfide
— arsenic, toluene diisocyanate
— perch! oroethylene
— ammonia, formaldehyde, gasoline
vapors, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen
sulfide
ammonia, hydrogen chloride,
hydrogen sulfide
gasoline vapors
— hydrogen sulfide
— benzene, carbon tetrachloride,
1 ,4-dichlorobenzene, ethylene
dichloride, hydrogen sulfide, methyl
chloroform, chlorobenzene, toluene,
xylene
— hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide
— nickel
vinyl chloride
— beryllium, lead, arsenic, toluene
Reference
(page C-50)
4, 13
1, 13
5
1
13
1
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
1
13
1, 13
                         diisocyanate,  phenol

1453          —        arsenic,  toluene diisocyanate,
                         beryllium,  lead
                                  C-3

-------
                          TABLE  C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
1475
1477
1481
1499
1501
1612
1616
1629
1711
1721
1741
1742
1743
1761
1781
1791
1799
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— radionucl ides
arsenic, hydrogen sulfide
— arsenic, toluene diisocyanate
arsenic, beryllium, chromium, lead,
cadmium, asbestos
gasoline vapors
PAH, benzo(a)pyrene
— toluene
— arsenic, toluene diisocyanate,
xylene, beryllium, toluene
— lead, arsenic, styrene
lead, arsenic, benzene, toluene,
trichloroethylene
lead
— toluene diisocyanate
— styrene
— lead, copper
— benzene, methyl chloroform, toluene,
trichloroethylene, xylene
— toluene, gasoline vapors
lead, arsenic, benzene, toluene
Reference
(page C-50)
5
1, 13
1
1, 5
13
5
13
1, 6, 13
1, 13
1, 13
1
1
13
1, 10
13
13
1, 10, 13
                         diisocyanate,  gasoline vapors,
                         hydrogen sulfide,  toluene

1950          —        ammonia, hydrogen  chloride,  methyl          13
                         chloroform,  toluene,  trichloroethylene
                                  C-4

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Codea           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)

  1951          —        ammonia, methyl  chloroform, zinc           13
                           oxide, trichloroethylene
  2000          ---        perchloroethylene, toluene                 13
  2011          ---        formaldehyde, arsenic, hydrogen           1, 13
                           chloride, methyl bromide
  2013          —        arsenic, acetaldehyde, ammonia,           1, 13
                           chloroform, formaldehyde, methyl
                           chloroform, phenol, toluene
  2023          —        benzene, toluene, formaldehyde,           1, 13
                           ammonia
  2032          ---        benzene, toluene, formaldehyde              1
  2033          ---        arsenic, toluene                          1, 13
  2036          ---        ammonia                                    13
  2046          ---        chlorine/HCl                                10
  2048          ---        acrolein, methyl bromide                  5, 13
  2051          ---        benzene, toluene, formaldehyde              1
  2052          ---        toluene                                    13
  2063          ---        beryllium                                  13
  2065          —        benzene, toluene, formaldehyde              1
  2070          ---        methylene chloride, ethylene              5, 3
                           dichloride
  2075          ---        ethylene dichloride                       5, 1
  2079          ---        nickel, toluene                           4, 13
  2080          ---        ammonia, formaldehyde                      13
  2086          ---        arsenic, toluene                          1, 13
                                    C-5

-------
                            TABLE  C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
2091
2095
2097
2099
SCC Codea Potential Pollutant
— arsenic, hydrogen sulfide
acetaldehyde, acrolein, methylene
chloride, trichloroethylene
— arsenic
— acetaldehyde, benzene, benzidene,
Reference
(page C-50)
1, 5
1, 7, 13
1
13
  2111



  2141

  2190

  22b


  2211


  2216

  2221
carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
dimethyl sulfate, epichlorohydrin,
ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, maleic
anhydride, methyl isocyanate, phenol,
methylene chloride, nitrobenzene,
xylene

benzene, chloroform, formaldehyde,
methyl chloroform, methylene chloride,
perchloroethylene, toluene

benzene

toluene

trichloroethylene, bis(chloromethyl)
ether, phenol

1,4-dioxane, acrylonitrile, benzene,
ethylene dichloride, toluene

perchloroethylene

acrylonitrile, toluene diisocyanate,
1,4-dioxane, ethylene dichloride,
benzene, perchloroethylene, styrene,
chloroform, mineral fibers,
formaldehyde
   13

    1
 1,  4,  5

1,  5, 13


   13

  1,  5,
 10,  13
b
 Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants,  some data
 indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
 classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.   No data were found to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.   The  pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information, even though it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-6

-------
TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
2231
2241
2250
2252
2253

2261
2262
2269
2271
2272
2279
2281
2282
2283
2291
2293
2294
SCC Codea Potential Pollutant
— 1,4-dioxane, benzene, formaldehyde,
perchloroethylene
1,4-dioxane, benzene, mineral fibers
— benzidine, benzene
— benzene, acrylonitrile
benzene, arsenic, perchloroethylene,
ammonia
— 1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene,
acrylonitrile, chromium, toluene
xylene, hydrazine, copper, benzene,
1,4-dioxane, perchloroethylene,
formaldehyde
vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride,
hydrazine, benzene, benzidene,
toluene, xylene, formaldehyde,
1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile,
perchloroethylene
— arsenic
— formaldehyde, benzene
— arsenic
toluene diisocyanate
— lead, toluene diisocyanate, ammonia
arsenic
— arsenic, methyl chloroform
benzene
— formaldehyde
Reference
(page C-50)
1, 13
1, 10
5, 4
1, 5
5, 13

5, 13
5, 1,
10, 13
5, 1,
4, 13
1
5
1
1
1, 12
1
1, 13
5
13
        C-7

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                           TABLE  C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
2295
2296
2298
2299
23b
2311
2321
2328
2329
2335
2339
2352
2361
2369
2371
2387
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— perch! oroethylene, vinyl idene
chloride, xylene, lead, arsenic,
benzene, cresol , hydrogen chloride,
formaldehyde, styrene, toluene
asbestos, benzene, toluene, ammonia,
perchloroethylene, formaldehyde
methyl chloroform
methyl bromide
— ethylene dichloride
— ammonia
— ammonia
— ammonia
methyl chloroform
arsenic, ammonia
— ammonia
arsenic
— ammonia
toluene
— ammonia, perchloroethylene
— ammonia, cadmium, copper, toluene,
zinc
Reference
(page C-50)
1, 13
5, 13
13
1
4
13
13
13
13
1, 13
13
1
13
13
13
13
Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants,  some data
indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.   No data were found to
link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.   The  pollutants
are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information,  even though it
is not as specific.
                                   C-8

-------
 TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
2389
2392
2396
2399
2408
2411
2421
2426
2431
2432
2434
2435
2449
2451
2479
2490
2491
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— toluene
— toluene, naphthalene
— arsenic, ammonia, benzene, toluene,
vinyl chloride
— chlorine
chlorine, formaldehyde, methyl
chloride
methyl chloride, toluene
lead, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde,
PAH, POM, toluene
— toluene
— methylene chloride, xylene, toluene,
carbon tetrachloride, formaldehyde,
asbestos, chlorinated phenols
ammonia, formaldehyde, naphthalene,
toluene
toluene, xylene, methyl chloroform,
methylene chloride, naphthalene,
styrene
formaldehyde, perch! oroethylene
— toluene
— formaldehyde
— toluene
— formaldehyde, toluene
arsenic, phenol, chromium, cresol ,
dibenzofurans, naphthalene,
zinc/zinc oxide, copper, toluene,
Reference
(page C-50)
13
13
4, 13
13
13
13
1, 5, 13
13
1, 5, 13
13
5, 6, 13
5
13
5
13
13
1, 3,
4, 5
13
hydrogen chloride
         C-9

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code            Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  2499          —        formaldehyde,  hydrazine,  hydrogen          13
                           chloride,  methylene chloride,
                           naphthalene,  phenol,  toluene

  25            ---        trichloroethylene,  perchloroethylene,
                           methylene  chloride

  2511          ---        methylene  chloride, methyl  chloroform,     5, 13
                           trichloroethylene,  ammonia,  styrene,
                           toluene, xylene,  methyl  chloroform,
                           naphthalene

  2512          —        cadmium, copper,  lead,  toluene             13

  2514          —        toluene, xylene,  cresol,  toluene,         5, 13
                           trichloroethylene

  2517          ---        toluene                                    13

  2521          —        methylene  chloride, formaldehyde,         5, 13
                           trichloroethylene,  methyl chloroform,
                           toluene, xylene,  naphthalene,  toluene
                           diisocyanate

  2522          ---        methylene  chloride, formaldehyde,         5, 13
                           trichloroethylene,  methyl chloroform,
                           toluene, xylene,  ammonia, styrene,
                           perchloroethylene,  zinc oxide

  2531          —        ammonia, toluene, xylene                   13

  2541          ---        ammonia, toluene, trichloroethylene,        13
                           toluene diisocyanate

  2542          ---        methyl chloroform,  perchloroethylene,       13
                           toluene, trichloroethylene, methylene
                           chloride


 Where  2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants, some data
 indicate  nat the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
 classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information,  even though  it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-10

-------
                           TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
2591
2599
26b
2611
2621
2631
2641
Reference
SCC Codea Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
— benzene, methyl chloroform
methylene chloride, trichloroethylene,
phthalic anhydride, toluene
PAH, benzo(a)pyrene, POM
hydrogen sulfide, chloroform, chlorine
chloroform, hydrogen sulfide, toluene,
arsenic, cadmium, trichloroethylene,
chlorine
— cadmium, chloroform, formaldehyde,
toluene
toluene, formaldehyde, arsenic,
ammonia, perch! oroethylene, methyl
chloroform, hydrogen sulfide
1, 13
13
4
5, 13
1, 7,
5, 13
5, 7,
13
1, 5,
6, 13
 2643          ---        acetaldehyde, ammonia,  hydrogen            13
                          chloride, formaldehyde,  methyl
                          chloroform, methylene chloride,
                          naphthalene,  toluene,
                          perch!oroethylene
2644
2645
2646
2649
2651
2652
toluene
— toluene, trichloroethylene
zinc
— formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene
— formaldehyde
— toluene
13
6, 13
13
6, 13
13
13
Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants,  some data
indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.   No data were found to
link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.   The  pollutants
are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information,  even though it
is not as specific.
                                   C-ll

-------
                           TABLE  C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
2653
2654
2655
2661
27b
2711
2731
2732
2741
2750
2751
SCC Codea Potential Pollutant
— ammonia, trichloroethylene
— . acetaldehyde, ammonia, toluene
— ammonia, toluene
— asbestos, ammonia
toluene
trichloroethylene
arsenic, lead
lead, methyl chloroform
toluene
methyl chloroform, toluene
— ammonia, benzene, chromium, toluene,
Reference
(page C-50)
13
13
13
6, 13
13
2
13
1, 13
13
13
13
                          methylene chloride,  naphthalene,
                          perch!oroethylene,  trichloroethylene

 2752          ---        benzene,  trichloroethylene,  toluene,      1, 13
                          ammonia

 2753          ---        benzene                                     1

 2754          ---        benzene,  toluene,  xylene,  nickel,        1,  5, 13
                          methyl  chloroform,  methylene
                          chloride, perch!oroethylene, cadmium,
                          trichloroethylene,  ammonia,  gasoline
                          vapors, formaldehyde

 2782          ---        ammonia,  methyl  chloride,  methyl            13
                          chloroform, toluene, trichloroethylene


Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants, some data
indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information,  even though it
is "not as specific.
                                   C-12

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Codea           Potential Pollutant              (page C-50)


  2789          ---        toluene                                    13

  2791          —        ammonia                  '                  13

  2794          ---lead                                        1

  2799          ---        vinyl chloride                             13

  28            ---        bis(chloromethyl) ether, ammonia,         5, 13
                           carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
                           copper, cresol, ethylene oxide, lead,
                           formaldehyde,  hydrogen chloride,
                           methyl chloroform, methylene chloride,
                           naphthalene, phenol, toluene, toluene
                           diisocyanate

  2810          ---        asbestos, benzene, chlorine, copper,       13
                           carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
                           hexachlorocyclopentadi ene, hydrogen
                           chloride, methyl chloroform, toluene,
                           perch!oroethylene, trichloroethylene

  2812          ---        arsenic, benzene, chlorine/HCl,           1, 5,
                           mercury, carbon tetrachloride,           10, 12,
                           vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride,       13
                           toluene, phosgene, 1,3-butadiene,
                           ammonia, asbestos, formaldehyde,
                           chlorobenzene, trichloroethylene,
                           chloroform

  2813          —        beryllium, arsenic, ethylene oxide,       1, 5
                           carbon tetrachloride, mercury,             13
                           hydrogen chloride

  2815          ---        ammonia, hydrogen chloride, toluene,       13
                           phosgene


 Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants, some data
 indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
 classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information, even though it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-13

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code            Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  2816          —        lead, cadmium,  arsenic,  chromium,          1, 4,
                           hydrazine,  1,4-dioxane,  chloroform,       5, 10,
                           dimethyl  sulfate,  zinc/zinc oxide,          13
                           copper, hydrogen chloride,  lead,
                           ammonia

  2818          ---        ammonia,  benzene,  chlorine/HCl,             13
                           carbon tetrachloride, gasoline vapors,
                           hydrazine,  hydrogen sulfide, methyl
                           chloride, methylene chloride, zinc,
                           chlorobenzene,  phosgene, toluene

  2819      3 01 999 99    chlorine/HCl, copper, chromium,            1, 3,
                           nickel, cadmium, arsenic, ammonia,         5, 4,
                           benzene,  benzyl  chloride, hydrogen        7, 10,
                           sulfide,  zinc/zinc oxide, lead,            12,  13
                           naphthalene, radionuclides, mercury,
                           carbon tetrachloride, xylene, toluene,
                           formaldehyde, methyl chloroform,
                           phenol, phosgene,  perchloroethylene,
                           toluene,  trichloroethylene

  2821      3 01 018 01    maleic anhydride,  acetaldehyde,            1, 4,
                           acrylonitrile,  perchloroethylene,         5, 3,
                           phosgene, propylene oxide, acrolein,      8, 10
                           vinylidene chloride, toluene, ally!       12,  13
                           chloride, chloroprene, hydrogen
                           sulfide,  styrene,  tetrahydrofuran,
                           phenol, cresol, epichlorohydrin, lead,
                           formaldehyde, arsenic, vinyl  chloride,
                           ethylene dichloride, benzene, phthalic
                           anhydride, methyl  methacrylate,
                           chloroethane, toluene diisocyanate,
                           ammonia,  1,3-butadiene,  asbestos,  carbon
                           tetrachloride,  chlorine/HCl,  hydrogen
                           sulfide,  mercury,  methylene chloride,
                           nitrobenzene, PCS, tetrahydrofuran,
                           trichloroethylene, ethylene oxide,
                           xylene, cadmium, gasoline vapors,
                           zinc oxide
                                    C-14

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  2822          —        ethylene dichloride,  benzene, toluene     1, 4,
                           diisocyanate,  3,3-dichlorobenzidine,      5, 10
                           epichlorohydrin, lead,  maleic             12, 13
                           anhydride, acetaldehyde,  acrylonitrile,
                           perchloroethylene, methylene chloride,
                           toluene, ally!  chloride,  chloroprene,
                           styrene, 1,3-butadiene, ammonia,
                           carbon tetrachloride, chlorine/HCl,
                           chloroform, vinylidene chloride

  2823          ---        chlorine/HCl,  ammonia,  arsenic,           1, 10
                           ethylene dichloride,  benzene

  2824          —        copper,  vinylidene chloride, dimethyl     1, 5,
                           sulfate, ethylene dichloride, toluene    10, 12
                           diisocyanate,  acrylonitrile                13

  2827          ---        1,3-butadiene                            12, 13

  2831          ---        lead, arsenic,  benzene, ethylene          1, 13
                           dichloride, methyl chloroform

  2833          —        toluene, phenol, mercury, methyl           1, 6,
                           bromide, lead,  carbon tetrachloride,      5, 13
                           arsenic, ethylene dichloride, styrene,
                           benzene, methylene chloride, methyl
                           methacrylate,  vinylidene chloride,
                           acrylonitrile,  ammonia, chloroprene,
                           formaldehyde,  chlorine/HCl

  2834          ---        hydrazine, phenol, mercury, lead,         1, 3,
                           1,4-dichlorobenzene,  1,4-dioxane,         4, 5,
                           epichlorohydrin, carbon tetrachloride,    6, 13
                           chloroform, arsenic,  ethylene
                           dichloride, chromium, ethylene
                           dibromide, benzene, benzyl chloride,
                           methyl chloroform, methylene chloride,
                           phosgene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde,
                           zinc/zinc oxide, acrylonitrile, allyl
                           chloride, ammonia, chlorine/HCl,
                           ethylene oxide,  methyl  methacrylate,
                           phosgene, styrene, perchloroethylene,
                           toluene, vinylidene chloride
                                    C-15

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential Pollutant              (page C-50)


  2840          ---        ammonia, chlorine/HCl                      13

  2841          —        benzene, toluene, formaldehyde,         1, 5, 13
                           ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide,
                           hydrogen sulfide, methyl  methacrylate

  2842          ---        ammonia, chlorine/HCl,  methylene          1, 4,
                           chloride, perchloroethylene, zinc/        5, 3,
                           zinc oxide, nitrobenzene, cresol,          10, 13
                           1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dioxane,
                           epichlorohydrin, carbon tetrachloride,
                           formaldehyde, chloroform, arsenic,
                           methyl chloroform, benzene, toluene,
                           trichloroethylene

  2843          ---        toluene, 1,4-dioxane, benzene,            1, 4,
                           benzyl chloride, propylene oxide,          6, 10
                           zinc/zinc oxide

  2844          ---        dimethyl sulfate, arsenic, Freon 113,     1, 5,
                           1,4-dioxane, formaldehyde, benzene,       10, 13
                           acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzyl
                           chloride, methylene chloride, methyl
                           chloroform, perchloroethylene, methyl
                           chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene,
                           zinc/zinc oxide, ammonia

  2851          ---        epichlorohydrin, zinc/zinc oxide,          1, 3,
                           xylene, toluene, phenol, mercury,          4, 5,
                           nitrobenzene,  1,4-dioxane, copper,        6, 8,
                           perchloroethylene, methylene chloride,    10, 13
                           acetaldehyde,  trichloroethylene, lead,
                           carbon tetrachloride, asbestos,
                           arsenic, benzene, toluene diisocyanate,
                           chlorinated phenols, ammonia, methyl
                           chloride, chromium, cresol, methyl
                           chloroform, formaldehyde, methyl
                           methacrylate,  styrene, naphthalene,
                           nickel, phthalic  anhydride

  2860          ---        chlorine/HCl,  toluene                       13
                                    C-16

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Codea           Potential Pollutant              (page C-50)


  2861          ---        benzo(a)pyrene, POM, PAH, arsenic,       1, 4, 5
                           formaldehyde, chromium, benzene,
                           toluene diisocyanate, naphthalene

  2865      •    —        maleic anhydride, acetaldehyde,           1, 3,
                           acrolein, acrylonitrile, benzyl           4, 5,
                           chloride, toluene diisocyanate,           10, 12
                           naphthalene, chlorine/HCl, methylene      13
                           chloride, trichloroethylene, phosgene,
                           xylene, hydrazine, toluene, benzidine,
                           dimethyl  sulfate, phenol, formaldehyde,
                           nitrosomorpholine, nitrobenzene, methyl
                           bromide,  chlorobenzene, cresol, carbon
                           tetrachloride, 1,4-dichlorobenzene,
                           1,4-dioxane, PAH, POM, chloroform,
                           arsenic,  ethylene dichloride, chromium,
                           benzene,  dibenzofurans, phthalic
                           anhydride, hexachlorobenzene, ammonia,
                           pentachlorophenol, 1,3-butadiene,
                           methyl isocyanate, gasoline vapors,
                           styrene,  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, vinyl
                           chloride, tetrahydrofuran, hydrogen
                           sulfide

  2869          ---        Freon 113, chlorine/HCl, naphthalene,     1, 3,
                           phthalic  anhydride, chloroethane,         4, 5,
                           methyl isocyanate, maleic anhydride,      6, 8,
                           acetaldehyde, acrolein, acrylonitrile,    10, 12
                           benzyl chloride,  methyl chloroform,       13
                           trichloroethylene, chromium, benzene,
                           perch!oroethylene, methylene chloride,
                           hexachlorobenzene, phosgene, propylene
                           oxide, vinylidene chloride, xylene,
                           hydrazine, toluene, ally! chloride,
                           benzidine, ethylene dibromide, methyl
                           chloride, phenol, nitrosomorpholine,
                           formaldehyde, nitrobenzene, chloroform,
                           epichlorohydrin,  ethylene oxide, carbon
                           tetrachloride, arsenic, ethylene
                           dichloride, chlorobenzene, ammonia,
                           formaldehyde, hexachlorocyclopentadi ene,
                           hydrogen  sulfide, mercury, methyl
                           methacrylate, phenol, styrene, toluene
                           diisocyanate, vinyl chloride, xylene,
                           zinc oxide, gasoline vapors, asbestos,
                           acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene,
                           1,4-dichlorobenzene
                                    C-17

-------
                          TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
2870
2872
2873
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— methylene chloride
ammonia
3 01 040 07 lead, cadmium, nickel, ammonia,
hydrogen sulfide
Reference
(page C-50)
13
13
1, 7,
10, 13
2874          ---        hydrogen sulfide, cadmium, arsenic,     1, 5, 10
                         ammonia

2875          ---        ammonia                                    10

2879          ---        chlorine/HCl,  copper, naphthalene,        1, 4,
                         zinc/zinc oxide, methyl isocyanate,       5, 10
                         1,4-dichlorobenzene, arsenic, mercury,    12, 13
                         1,3-butadiene, methyl bromide,
                         cadmium, maleic anhydride, phenol,
                         lead, ethylene dichloride, phthalic
                         anhydride,  hexachlorocyclopentadiene,
                         acrolein, chlorobenzene, ethylene
                         dibromide,  hexachlorobenzene, phosgene,
                         acrylonitrile, hydrazine,  dimethyl
                         sulfate, cresol, carbon tetrachloride,
                         formaldehyde,  chloroform,  benzene,
                         acetaldehyde,  ammonia, arsenic, methyl
                         chloride, ethylene oxide,  methylene
                         chloride, vinyl chloride,  xylene

2891          —        trichloroethylene, xylene, toluene,       1, 10
                         nitrosomorpholine, 1,4-dioxane, lead,       13
                         arsenic, ethylene dichloride, benzene,
                         ammonia, asbestos, methylene chloride,
                         methyl chloroform

2892          —        mercury, formaldehyde, arsenic,          1, 3, 4
                         phenol, ammonia, acetaldehyde,            5, 6,
                         toluene, nitrobenzene, lead              10, 13

2893          ---        formaldehyde,  arsenic, benzene, zinc,      1, 4,
                         perchloroethylene, xylene, toluene,       8, 13
                         lead, vinyl chloride, ammonia, copper,
                         cadmium
                                  C-18

-------
                          TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code SCC Code3
2895
2899
Potential Pollutant
benzo(a)pyrene, POM, PAH, ammonia
hexachlorocyclopentadiene, xylene,
copper, hydrazine, lead, cadmium,
Reference
(page C-50)
5, 13
1, 4,
10, 13
                         formaldehyde, arsenic, chromium,
                         benzene, methyl  methacrylate, maleic
                         anhydride, ammonia, methyl chloride,
                         perch!oroethylene, toluene, vinyl
                         chloride, trichloroethylene, methyl
                         isocyanate, chlorine/HCl,  hydrogen
                         sulfide, styrene, radionuclides,
                         zinc/zinc oxide

2911      3 06 001 02    arsenic, beryllium, cresol, PAH,          1, 3,
          3 06 002 01    dimethyl sulfate, maleic anhydride,       4, 5,
          3 06 009 01    xylene, toluene, benzo(a)pyrene,          6, 8,
          1 01 007 01    phenol, mercury, lead, formaldehyde,      10, 11,
          1 01 007 02    cadmium, ethylene dichloride, POM,        13
          1 02 007 01    ethylene dibromide, nickel, chromium,
          1 02 007 02    benzene, coke oven emissions, ammonia,
          1 02 007 03    naphthalene, gasoline vapors, hydrogen
          1 01 004 01    sulfide, acetaldehyde, chlorine/HCl,
          1 01 004 02    zinc/zinc oxide
          1 01 004 03
          1 01 005 01
          1 01 005 02
          1 01 005 03

2918          ---        hydrogen chloride                          13

2921          —        toluene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene,           1
                         formaldehyde

2951      3 05 002 01    toluene, benzo(a)pyrene, mercury,       1, 4, 13
                         POM, formaldehyde, PAH,  chromium,
                         benzene, asbestos, ammonia, methyl
                         chloroform, methyl isocyanate

2952      3 05 001 01    formaldehyde, PAH, asbestos, POM,         4, 6,
                         chromium, carbon tetrachloride            8, 13

2991          ---        formaldehyde                               13
                                  C-19

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code            Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  2992          ---        methyl  chloroform,  trichloroethylene      4, 5,
                           asbestos,  benzene,  epichlorohydrin,       13
                           formaldehyde,  hydrogen sulfide,
                           toluene, xylene

  2999          ---        chromium,  naphthalene, gasoline          5,  10,
                           vapors

  3011          ---        ammonia, benzene, methyl chloroform,       13
                           methylene chloride, styrene, zinc
                           oxide, toluene

  3021          ---        methyl chloroform,  naphthalene,            13'
                           toluene

  3029          ---        methyl isocyanate,  vinyl chloride          13

  3031          ---        lead, cadmium, benzene, toluene,          1, 13
                           naphthalene

  3041          ---        toluene, perchloroethylene                6, 13

  3060          ---        naphthalene, toluene                       13

  3069          ---        lead, benzene, chlorine/HCl, methyl      1, 10,
                           chloroform, methylene chloride,          12, 13
                           toluene diisocyanate, ammonia,
                           ethylene oxide,  formaldehyde,
                           naphthalene, perchloroethylene,
                           zinc/zinc oxide, styrene, toluene,
                           vinyl chloride

  3079          ---        benzyl chloride, chlorine/HCl, lead,      1, 4,
                           methylene chloride, phenol, mercury,      6, 5,
                           beryllium, ethylene oxide, methyl        10, 12,
                           methacrylate, formaldehyde, ethylene       13
                           dichloride, styrene, vinyl chloride,
                           toluene diisocyanate, acetaldehyde,
                           acrylonitrile, ammonia, benzene, zinc
                           oxide, naphthalene, phthalic anhydride,
                           tetrahydrofuran, toluene, methyl
                           chloride, trichloroethylene, Freon  113,
                           gasoline vapors, hydrogen sulfide,
                           methyl chloroform
                                    C-20

-------
                           TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
3111
3126
3141
3143
3172
3194
3199
32b
3208
3211
3216
3220
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— chromium, lead, formaldehyde, copper,
toluene, naphthalene, arsenic
— ammonia, trichloroethylene
toluene
toluene
— toluene, trichloroethylene
lead, benzene
— methyl chloroform, toluene
— ammonia, arsenic, cadmium, nickel,
chromium, chlorine/HCl , lead,
mercury, methyl chloroform, toluene,
trichloroethylene
— methyl chloroform, trichloroethylene
3 05 014 02 cadmium, chromium, arsenic, nickel,
ammonia, chlorine/HCl, toluene
— perchloroethylene
— ammonia, copper, chlorine/HCl,
Reference
(page C-50)
1, 4,
5, 13
13
13
13
13
1
13
13
13
1, 4, 13
13
13
                          nickel, toluene

 3221          ---        arsenic, chlorine/HCl, methylene          1, 13
                          chloride

 3229          ---        arsenic, chlorine/HCl, mercury,           1, 10,
                          formaldehyde,  lead, methyl  chloroform,      13
                          methylene chloride, styrene,  toluene,
                          perchloroethylene, cadmium, chromium


Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants,  some data
indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
classification represented by a 2 digit  SIC code.   No data were found to
link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC  code.   The  pollutants
are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information,  even  though it
is not as specific.
                                   C-21

-------
 TABLE  C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
3231
3241
3251
3253
3255
3261
3263
3264
3269
3271
3272
3273
3274
3281
3291
Reference
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
ammonia, toluene, trichloroethylene,
xylene
3 05 007 06 chromium, copper, mercury, arsenic,
nickel, cadmium, chlorine/HCl, lead,
zinc, toluene
beryllium, lead, arsenic
— beryllium, lead, arsenic
beryllium, chromium, mineral fibers
styrene, toluene
— toluene
beryllium, trichloroethylene, zinc,
xylene, ammonia, methyl chloride,
copper, lead, hydrogen sulfide,
methyl bromide, naphthalene, toluene,
perchloroethylene
— lead, methyl chloroform
— styrene, chromium
— ammonia, gasoline vapors, toluene,
chromium, zinc
— asbestos, hydrogen sulfide
mercury
trichloroethylene
3 05 009 99 ammonia, cadmium, formaldehyde,
13
1, 3,
5, 10,
13
1
1
1, 10
13
13
1, 13
1, 13
5, 13
5, 13
13
1
13
1, 13
chromium, chlorine/HCl, lead,
manganese, methyl chloroform, zinc,
methylene chloride, phenol, styrene,
perchloroethylene, toluene, xylene
         C-22

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Codea           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3292          ---        asbestos, copper,  formaldehyde,         1, 5, 13
                           hydrogen sulfide,  methyl chloroform,
                           naphthalene, xylene, chromium, benzene

  3293          ---        ammonia, asbestos, gasoline vapors,        13
                           hydrogen chloride, lead, toluene,
                           chlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, zinc

  3295          ---        chlorine/HCl,  chromium, gasoline         10, 13
                           vapors, copper

  3296          —        ammonia, carbon  tetrachloride, phenol,   10, 13
                           formaldehyde,  mineral  fibers

  3297          ---        beryllium,  chromium, mineral fibers,      1, 4,
                           ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen           10, 13
                           chloride, phenol,  zinc/zinc oxide

  3299          ---        mineral fibers,  copper, styrene,         10, 13
                           chlorine/HCl,  toluene

  3300          —        hydrogen chloride, methyl chloroform,      13
                           naphthalene, tetrahydrofuran, vinyl
                           chloride, zinc/zinc oxide

  3312      3 03 008 03    chlorine/HCl,  chromium, coke oven         3, 4,
            3 03 009 01    emissions,  toluene, xylene, phenol,       5, 1,
            3 03 009 03    cadmium, mercury,  beryllium, lead,        7, 10,
            3 03 004 07    manganese,  PAH,  arsenic, nickel,          12, 13
                           benzene, naphthalene,  POM, ammonia,
                           formaldehyde,  hydrogen sulfide, zinc,
                           toluene, trichloroethylene

  3313      3 03 007 01    nickel, manganese, cadmium, arsenic,      1, 3,
                           chromium, copper                          4, 13

  3315          ---        PCS, lead,  ammonia, chlorine/HCl,         1, 13
                           methyl chloride, toluene, zinc

  3316          ---        methylene chloride, toluene                13

  3317          —        ammonia, perch!oroethylene                 13
                                    C-23

-------
                          TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
3321
SCC Codea
3 04 003 03
3 04 003 01
Potential Poll
acetaldehyde, xylene
beryllium, manganese
utant
, arsenic, lead,
, cadmium, zinc,
Reference
(page C-50)
1, 4,
7, 13
                         nickel, chromium, toluene,  styrene,
                         naphthalene, phenol, acrolein,
                         ammonia, benzene, copper,  hydrogen
                         sulfide, formaldehyde,  methyl
                         chloroform

3322          —        ammonia, formaldehyde,  zinc                13

3323          ---        hydrogen chloride, methyl  chloroform       13

3324          —        cadmium, chromium                           3

3325          ---        arsenic, ammonia, cadmium,  methyl         1, 3,
                         chloride, chromium, copper, hydrogen       13
                         chloride, -lead, methyl  chloroform,
                         naphthalene, nickel, phenol, styrene,
                         perchloroethylene, toluene, xylene,
                         zinc

3331      3 03 005 03    nickel, chromium, copper,  arsenic,        5, 7,
                         mercury, cadmium, zinc/zinc oxide        10, 13

3332      3 03 010 09    chromium, arsenic, mercury, lead,        1, 7, 10
          3 03 010 03    cadmium, nickel, zinc/zinc oxide
          3 03 010 05
          3 03 010 08
          3 03 010 25
          3 03 010 24
          3 03 010 02
          3 03 010 01

3333          ---        cadmium, zinc/zinc oxide,  mercury,        1, 10
                         lead

3334          ---        chlorine/HCl, phosgene                     13

3339          ---        chlorine/HCl, nickel, lead, cadmium,     1, 4, 6
                         arsenic, zinc/zinc oxide,  ammonia,       10,  12,
                         copper                                     13
                                  C-24

-------
                          TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
3341
3350
3351
3352
3354
3355
3356
SCC Codea Potential Pollutant
3 04 001 07 zinc/zinc oxide, copper, chromium,
3 04 004 03 arsenic, nickel, lead, cadmium,
ammonia, chlorine/HCl , styrene
chromium, hydrogen chloride
lead, zinc/zinc oxide, copper,
nickel, cadmium
chlorine/HCl, toluene
chlorine/HCl
lead, chlorine/HCl, zinc/zinc oxide
lead, nickel, zinc/zinc oxide,
ammonia, perchloroethylene, hydrogen
Reference
(page C-50)
1, 5,
7, 10,
13
1, 10,
12, 13
13
13
1, 13
1, 4,
10, 13
                         chloride

3357          ---        cresol, hydrogen chloride, toluene,       4, 13
                         naphthalene, vinyl chloride

3360          ---        copper, zinc                               13

3361          ---        ammonia, benzene, chlorine/HCl, zinc,      13
                         copper, formaldehyde, methyl
                         chloroform, phenol, styrene, toluene

3362          —        chromium, copper, methyl chloride,        5, 10,
                         lead, ammonia, formaldehyde, methyl        13
                         chloroform, trichloroethylene, methyl
                         chloride, lead, methylene chloride,
                         chlorobenzene, phenol, toluene, zinc

3369          ---        beryllium,  zinc/zinc oxide, copper,       4, 10,
                         lead, toluene, perchloroethylene,           13
                         styrene, ammonia, chlorine/HCl

3391          ---        toluene                                    13

3392          ---        hydrogen chloride                          13

3398          ---        lead, ammonia, trichloroethylene          1, 13
                                  C-25

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3399          —        ammonia,  chromium,  manganese               13

  34            --         trichloroethylene,  perchloroethylene,       13
                           methylene chloride, formaldehyde,
                           ammonia,  toluene

  3411          ---        methyl  chloroform,  xylene, toluene,     5, 6, 13
                           perchloroethylene,  benzene, lead

  3412          ---        ammonia,  methyl  chloroform, toluene,       13
                           naphthalene

  3421          ---        lead, chromium,  trichloroethylene,        1, 13
                           toluene

  3423          ---        ammonia,  chromium,  chlorine/HCl,           13
                           methyl  chloroform,  methylene
                           chloride, styrene,  toluene, zinc,
                           trichloroethylene

  3425          ---        copper, lead, nickel, toluene, zinc,       13
                           trichloroethylene

  3429          —        perchloroethylene,  ammonia, copper,        13
                           chlorine/HCl, chromium, hydrogen
                           sulfide,  lead, methyl chloroform,
                           methylene chloride, naphthalene,
                           phenol, toluene, trichloroethylene,
                           zinc/zinc oxide

  3431          ---        methylene chloride, toluene                13

  3432          ---        ammonia,  cadmium,  formaldehyde,            13
                           hydrogen chloride,  phenol, toluene,
                           trichloroethylene,  zinc oxide


 Where  2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants, some data
 indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be  associated with a  broad
 classification represented by  a 2 digit SIC  code.  No data were found  to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information,  even though it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-26

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3433          ---        ammonia, benzene,  chromium,  phenol,        13
                           formaldehyde,  perchloroethylene,
                           toluene

  3440          ---        toluene                                    13

  3441          ---        xylene, toluene,  copper, zinc oxide       6, 13

  3442          —        methyl chloroform, xylene,  toluene,       1, 6,
                           ammonia, cadmium,  formaldehyde, zinc,      13
                           perchloroethylene

  3443          ---        methyl chloroform, copper,  styrene,       1, 13
                           tri chloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
                           tetrahydrofuran,  toluene, gasoline
                           vapors, hydrogen chloride,  lead

  3444          ---        trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,     1, 13
                           methyl chloroform, toluene,  ammonia,
                           toluene diisocyanate

  3446          —        trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,     1, 13
                           methyl chloroform, ammonia,  copper,
                           toluene

  3447          ---        toluene                                    13

  3448          ---        toluene, xylene                             5

  3449          —        benzene, ammonia,  toluene                 1, 13

  3451          ---        methyl chloroform, trichloroethylene       13

  3452          —        cadmium, hydrogen chloride,  methyl         13
                           chloroform, methylene chloride,
                           trichloroethylene, zinc

  3461          —        benzene, carbon tetrachloride, methyl      13
                           chloroform, methylene chloride,
                           naphthalene, perchloroethylene,
                           toluene, trichloroethylene

  3462          ---        hydrogen sulfide                           13
                                    C-27

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code            Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3465          —        ammonia, methyl  chloride, methylene        13
                           chloride, perch!oroethylene,  toluene

  3466          ---lead                                        1

  3469          ---        trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,     1, 10,
                           methyl chloroform, copper, toluene         13

  3470          ---        toluene                                    13

  3471          —        copper, chromium, cadmium, arsenic,       1, 6,
                           lead, zinc/zinc oxide, nickel,            10, 13
                           benzene, acrolein, ammonia, methyl
                           chloroform, chlorine/HCl, methylene
                           chloride, nitrobenzene, formaldehyde,
                           perch!oroethylene, tri chloroethylene,
                           toluene

  3477          ---        chromium                                   13

  3479          —        arsenic, benzene, lead, nickel,         1, 10, 13
                           zinc/zinc oxide,   acetaldehyde, xylene,
                           cadmium, ammonia, chromium, copper,
                           chlorine/HCl, methyl chloroform,
                           methylene chloride, perchloroethylene,
                           toluene, trichloroethylene

  3482          ---        lead                                      1,  13

  3483          ---        hydrogen sulfide, trichloroethylene,       13
                           toluene

  3484          ---        ammonia, formaldehyde,  hydrogen           1,  13
                           chloride, lead,  arsenic,  phenol,
                           toluene, Freon 113, zinc  oxide

  3490          ---        toluene                                     13

  3492          ---        toluene                                     13

  3493          ---        hydrogen chloride, methyl  chloroform,       13
                           toluene
                                    C-28

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
SIC Code
SCC Code'
Potential  Pollutant
 Reference
(page C-50)
  3494


  3496



  3497


  3499
  35U

  3511
  3519
  3522

  3523

  3531
              copper, methyl chloroform, phenol,         13
              toluene, trichloroethylene,  zinc

              methyl chloroform, ammonia,  hydrogen      6, 13
              chloride, nickel,  perchloroethylene,
              toluene, vinyl chloride

              lead, zinc/zinc oxide,  copper, ammonia,   1, 10,
              hydrogen chloride, perchloroethylene       13

              trichloroethylene, toluene,  Freon 113,    6, 10,
              acrylonitrile, ammonia, 1,3-butadiene,     13
              cadmium, chlorine/HCl,  copper, lead,
              formaldehyde, hydrazine, mercury,
              methyl chloroform, methyl  chloride,
              styrene, perchloroethylene,  zinc

              Freon 113, methyl  chloroform             10, 13

              ammonia, formaldehyde,  hydrogen            13
              chloride, maleic anhydride,  methyl
              chloroform, phenol, styrene, toluene,
              perchloroethylene, xylene, toluene
              diisocyanate

              hydrazine, ethylene dichloride,           1, 5,
              ethylene dibromide, benzene,              4, 9,
              gasoline vapors, ammonia,  methyl           13
              chloroform

              toluene                                    13

              toluene                                    13

              carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen             13
              chloride, perchloroethylene, toluene
 Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants, some data
 indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
 classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information, even though it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-29

-------
TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3540
3541
3542
3544
3545
3547
3548
3549
3551
3552
3553
Reference
SCC Code Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
— xylene, nickel, chromium, lead,
methyl chloroform
toluene
ammonia, toluene, trichloroethylene
ammonia, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc
toluene, perchloroethylene
— perchloroethylene
lead, ammonia, trichloroethylene,
toluene
benzene, lead, ammonia, toluene,
methyl chloroform, trichloroethylene,
perchloroethylene
methyl chloride, 1,4-dichlorobenzene,
formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride,
methyl chloroform, methylene chloride,
naphthalene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene,
trichloroethylene, zinc
— beryllium, ammonia, chromium, hydrogen
chloride, methyl chloroform, toluene,
trichloroethylene
— cadmium, chromium, zinc/zinc oxide
— chromium, toluene
— copper, nickel, zinc, toluene
arsenic
trichloroethylene, toluene, xylene
chlorine/HCl , toluene
6, 13
13
13
13
13
13
1, 13
1, 13
13
1, 13
1, 10
13
13
1
5, 13
13
         C-30

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3554          ---        trichloroethylene, perch!oroethylene,     2, 13
                           ammonia, toluene'

  3555          —        lead, ammonia, chromium, methyl           1, 13
                           chloroform, methylene chloride, zinc
                           oxide, toluene,  toluene diisocyanate

  3559          —        methyl chloroform, benzene, arsenic,      1, 13
                           lead, ammonia, perchloroethylene,
                           copper, chromium, trichloroethylene,
                           toluene

  3561          —        ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen            13
                           chloride, lead,  methyl chloroform,
                           phenol, perchloroethylene, toluene,
                           xylene

  3562          ---        copper, methyl chloroform, toluene,      10, 13
                           naphthalene

  3563          ---        toluene                                    13

  3564          ---        copper, gasoline vapors, lead, methyl      13
                           chloroform, toluene,  trichloroethylene

  3565          ---        formaldehyde, phenol                        13

  3566          —        methyl chloroform, perchloroethylene,      13
                           toluene

  3567          ---        arsenic, lead, copper, toluene, zinc,    1,  10,
                           trichloroethylene, hydrogen chloride       13

  3568          —        copper, ammonia, hydrogen chloride       10, 13

  3569          —        ammonia, chromium, copper, cresol,         13
                           epichlorohydrin, formaldehyde, lead,
                           hydrogen chloride, methyl chloroform,
                           nickel, phenol,  toluene, zinc oxide,
                           trichloroethylene
                                    C-31

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3572          —        benzene, cadmium, formaldehyde, lead,     6, 13
                           nickel, xylene, toluene, beryllium,
                           hydrogen chloride, ammonia

  3573          ---        methyl chloroform, methylene chloride,    1, 6,
                           ammonia, arsenic, asbestos, benzene,        13
                           benzo(a)pyrene, benzidine, chloroform,
                           bis(chloromethyl) ether, chlorine/HCl,
                           methyl chlorine, chromium, copper,
                           Freon 113, hydrogen sulfide, lead,
                           methyl chloroform, methylene chloride,
                           naphthalene, nickel, nitrobenzene,
                           phenol, perchloroethylene, toluene,
                           tetrahydrofuran, trichloroethylene,
                           vinyl chloride, zinc

  3574          ---        arsenic, hydrogen chloride, methyl          13
                           chloroform

  3579          ---        hydrogen chloride, methyl  chloride,         13
                           toluene

  3581          ---        toluene                                     13

  3582          ---        arsenic, perchloroethylene, toluene       1, 13

  3585          —        toluene, xylene, ammonia,  copper,         5, 13
                           formaldehyde,  hydrogen sulfide, lead,
                           methyl  chloroform, methylene chloride,
                           phthalic anhydride, toluene, Freon  113,
                           trichloroethylene, zinc

  3586          ---        toluene                                     13

  3589          ---        toluene                                     13

  3592          ---        nickel, ammonia, formaldehyde             1, 13

  3599          ---        ammonia, formaldehyde, methyl               13
                           chloroform, methylene  chloride,
                           phenol, toluene, trichloroethylene
                                     C-32

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  36            —        Freon 113, trichloroethylene,              10
                           perchloroethylene,  methylene chloride

  3610          —        ammonia, toluene                           13

  3611          —        ammonia, hydrogen chloride, lead,          13
                           mercury, methyl  chloroform, toluene,
                           perch!oroethylene,  tri chloroethylene

  3612          —        xylene, beryllium,  PCB, ammonia, lead,    1, 4,
                           hydrogen chloride,  methyl chloroform,     6, 13
                           methylene chloride, naphthalene, zinc
                           oxide, toluene,  vinyl chloride, phenol,
                           tri chloroethylene,  perchloroethylene

  3613          —        ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen            13
                           chloride, methyl chloroform, toluene,
                           perchloroethylene,  trichloroethylene

  3619          ---        methyl chloroform,  naphthalene,            13
                           trichloroethylene

  3620          ---        arsenic, lead, toluene                     13

  3621          ---        methyl chloroform,  ammonia, lead,         2, 13
                           formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride,
                           styrene, toluene, trichloroethylene,
                           naphthalene, phenol

  3622          ---        ammonia, styrene, toluene, methyl          13
                           chloroform, trichloroethylene

  3623          ---        nickel, toluene                            13

  3624          ---        benzo(a)pyrene,  chlorine/HCl,              13
                           hydrogen sulfide, styrene


 Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants-, some data
 indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
 classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide  more information, even though it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-33

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code            Potential Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3629          —        mercury, PCB, copper, ammonia,            1, 4,
                           benzo(a)pyrene, hydrogen chloride,       10, 13
                           methyl chloroform, perchloroethylene,
                           trichloroethylene

  3631          ---        methyl chloroform, trichloroethylene       13

  3632          ---        toluene                                    13

  3633          ---        toluene, perchloroethylene                 13

  3634          ---        beryllium, toluene                        1, 13

  3636          ---        toluene, methyl chloroform                 13

  3641          ---        mercury, ammonia, cadmium, methyl         1, 13
                           chloroform, toluene, trichloroethylene

  3642          ---        mercury, ammonia, formaldehyde, zinc,     1, 13
                           hydrogen chloride, lead, methyl
                           chloroform, naphthalene, phenol,
                           perchloroethylene, toluene, xylene,
                           trichloroethylene, vinylidene chloride

  3643          —        methyl  chloroform, ammonia, copper,       5, 13
                           formaldehyde,  hydrogen chloride,
                           manganese, methyl chloroform, nickel,
                           methylene  chloride,  phenol, toluene,
                           perchloroethylene, tri chloroethylene,
                           toluene diisocyanate, zinc

  3644          ---        copper, hydrogen  chloride, styrene,         13
                           toluene, trichloroethylene, vinyl
                           chloride,  zinc

  3645          ---        ammonia, hydrazine,  methyl chloroform,      13
                           toluene, trichloroethylene

  3646          ---        methyl  chloroform, toluene                  13

  3648          ---        toluene, trichloroethylene                  13
                                     C-34

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Codea           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3651          —        xylene, toluene, ammonia, methyl           1, 13
                           chloroform,  toluene,  trichloroethylene

  3661          ---        perchloroethylene,  trichloroethylene,     5, 6,
                           methylene chloride,  xylene,  toluene,        13
                           methyl  chloroform,  hydrogen  chloride,
                           perchloroethylene,  styrene,  ammonia,
                           copper, methyl  chloride,  formaldehyde

  3662          ---        methyl  chloroform,  ammonia,  benzene,       2, 13
                           chlorine/HCl,  methyl  chloride,  copper,
                           formaldehyde,  hydrogen sulfide,  lead,
                           methylene chloride,  perchloroethylene,
                           toluene, toluene diisocyanate,  xylene,
                           trichloroethylene,  zinc

  3670          —        ammonia, methyl  chloride, copper,           13
                           gasoline vapors, hydrazine,  hydrogen
                           chloride, lead,  methyl chloroform,
                           methylene chloride,  phenol,  styrene,
                           perch!oroethylene,  tetrahydrofuran,
                           toluene, toluene diisocyanate,  zinc
                           oxide,  trichloroethylene

  3672          ---        beryllium, lead                             1

  3673          —        ammonia, beryllium,  benzene, cadmium,     1, 13
                           chromium, copper, hydrogen chloride,
                           lead, nickel,  styrene, toluene,
                           trichloroethylene,  xylene

  3674          ---        trichloroethylene,  perchloroethylene,     1, 2,
                           methyl  chloroform,  xylene, beryllium,     6, 13
                           arsenic, lead,  phenol, ammonia,  zinc,
                           chlorine/HCl,  mercury, methylene
                           chloride, chlorobenzene,  nickel,  phenol,
                           styrene, toluene, toluene diisocyanate

  3675          ---        ally! chloride,  chromium, methylene         13
                           chloride, epichlorohydrin, lead,  methyl
                           chloroform,  trichloroethylene
                                    C-35

-------
                           TABLE  C-l.   Continued

SIC Code SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
Reference
(page C-50)
 3679          —         perch!oroethylene,  beryllium,  benzene,     1,  2,
                          chromium,  methyl  chloroform,  xylene,       4,  8,
                          methyl  chloride,  methylene  chloride,       9,  13
                          acetaldehyde,  ammonia,  arsenic,  benzyl
                          chloride,  cadmium,  chlorine/HCl,  copper,
                          chloroform,  ethylene  dichloride,  lead,
                          epichlorohydrin,  formaldehyde,  gasoline
                          vapors,  hydrogen  sulfide, manganese,
                          mercury,  naphthalene,  nickel,  PCS,  zinc/
                          zinc oxide,  phenol, phosgene,  styrene,
                          tetrahydrofuran,  toluene, toluene
                          diisocyanate,  trichloroethylene

 3691          ---         zinc/zinc oxide,  methyl  chloroform,        1,  4,
                          beryllium,  lead,  manganese,  cadmium,       6,  10
                          nickel

 3692          ---         cadmium,  nickel,  lead,  zinc/zinc           1,  4,
                          oxide,  naphthalene                        10,  13

 3693          ---         toluene,  beryllium, zinc oxide,            1,  6,
                          hydrogen  chloride,  trichloroethylene        13

 3694          ---         beryllium,  hydrogen chloride,  methyl       1,  13
                          chloroform,  toluene,  perchloroethylene

 3699          ---         beryllium,  perchloroethylene,  methyl       1,  13
                          chloroform,  toluene,  lead,  copper,
                          vinyl chloride,  xylene,  zinc

 37            ---         trichloroethylene,  perchloroethylene,
                          methylene chloride

 3710          ---         toluene                                    13


Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a  group of pollutants,  some data
indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
link those pollutants with a more specific 4  digit SIC code.   The pollutants
are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more  information, even though it
is not as specific.
                                   C-36

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Codea           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3711          —        ammonia, cadmium,  chromium,  hydrogen       13
                           chloride, formaldehyde, lead, phenol,
                           methylene chloride, toluene

  3713          ---        chromium, nickel,  methylene chloride,     5, 13
                           styrene, toluene

  3714          ---        methyl chloroform, chromium, ammonia,     2, 5,
                           cadmium, zinc/zinc oxide, copper,        10, 12,
                           asbestos, benzene, chlorine/HCl,  lead,     13
                           formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide,
                           manganese, methylene chloride, toluene,
                           naphthalene, perchloroethylene, toluene
                           diisocyanate, trichloroethylene

  3717          —        ammonia, asbestos, hydrogen.>chloride,      13
                           lead, methylene chloride, toluene,
                           trichloroethylene, zinc oxide

  3721          ---        ammonia, chromium, hydrogen chloride,      13
                           hydrogen sulfide,  lead, methyl
                           chloroform, methylene chloride, nickel,
                           styrene, perchloroethylene,  toluene,
                           trichloroethylene, xylene,  zinc

  3722          —        hydrogen chloride, methylene chloride,     13
                           nickel, trichloroethylene

  3728          —        methyl chloroform, ammonia,  hydrogen      2, 13
                           chloride, methylene chloride, toluene,
                           perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene,
                           zinc oxide

  3729          ---        ammonia, toluene                           13

  3731          ---        asbestos                                    5

  3732          ---        styrene                                    13

  3742          ---        ammonia, hydrogen  chloride,  methyl         13
                           chloroform, methylene chloride, toluene
                                    C-37

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code            Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3743          —        chromium,  nickel,  ammonia,  toluene        5, 13
                           diisocyanate

  3751          ---        toluene                                    13

  3761          —        trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,       1
                           xylene, hydrazine, toluene,
                           formaldehyde

  3764          ---        hydrazine, trichloroethylene              1, 13

  3769          —        hydrazine, ammonia, hydrogen chloride,    1, 13
                           lead, methylene chloride, toluene

  3799          ---        hydrogen chloride, methylene chloride,     13
                           toluene          >

  38            ---        Freon 113, methyl  chloroform, toluene      13

  3810          ---        formaldehyde                               13

  3811          ---        beryllium, arsenic, lead, ammonia, zinc,  1, 13
                           asbestos, cadmium, chromium, copper,
                           hydrogen chloride, methyl chloroform,
                           methylene chloride, phenol, toluene,
                           perch!oroethylene, tri chloroethylene

  3821          ---        ammonia, chloroform, chromium, copper,     13
                           formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, lead,
                           mercury, methyl chloroform, toluene,
                           toluene diisocyanate, zinc oxide,
                           trichloroethylene


 Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants, some data
 indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
 classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information, even though  it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-38

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  3822          ---        beryllium, chlorine/HCl,  mercury,         1, 13
                           trichloroethylene

  3823          ---        beryllium, lead, cadmium, hydrogen      1, 5, 13
                           chloride, toluene, zinc/zinc oxide

  3825          —        methyl chloroform, beryllium, toluene   1, 6, 13

  3829          ---        mercury, ethylene oxide,  ammonia,       1, 6, 13
                           toluene

  3831          ---        ammonia, chromium, ethylene oxide,         13
                           hydrogen chloride, methyl chloroform,
                           methylene chloride, naphthalene,
                           nickel, toluene, trichloroethylene,
                           Freon 113

  3832          ---        acetaldehyde, trichloroethylene,        2, 4, 13
                           methyl chloroform, methylene
                           chloride, formaldehyde,  toluene

  3840          ---        ammonia, hydrogen chloride, toluene,       13
                           trichloroethylene

  3841          ---        ethylene oxide,  formaldehyde, methyl    5, 6, 13
                           chloroform, perchloroethylene, zinc,
                           toluene, trichloroethylene

  3842          —        methyl chloroform, ethylene oxide,        2, 4,
                           ammonia, chromium, formaldehyde,          5, 12,
                           hydrogen chloride, lead,  nickel,           13
                           tetrahydrofuran, toluene, vinylidene
                           chloride

  3843          —        cadmium, ethylene oxide,  zinc/zinc        1, 5,
                           oxide, ammonia,  chlorine, methyl         10, 13
                           chloroform, formaldehyde, phenol,
                           toluene

  3851          —        methyl chloroform, trichloroethylene,     6, 13
                           ammonia
                                    C-39

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
SIC Code
SCC Code'
Potential  Pollutant
 Reference
(page C-50)
  3861
  3871

  3873

  39b


  3911



  3914


  3915

  3931
              benzyl  chloride,  methyl  chloroform,        1,  5,
              xylene, hydrazine,  toluene,  ammonia,       6,  10,
              formaldehyde,  chloroform,  ethylene         13
              dichloride,  acetaldehyde,  methylene
              chloride,  benzene,  zinc/zinc oxide,
              acrylonitrile, arsenic,  asbestos,
              benzene,  benzidine, bis(chloromethyl)
              ether,  cadmium,  carbon tetrachloride,
              chlorine/HCl,  chloroform,  chromium,
              ethylene dichloride, dimethyl sulfate,
              1,4-dioxane,  epichlorohydrin, lead,
              formaldehyde,  hydrazine, mercury,
              chlorobenzene, naphthalene,  nickel,
              phenol, phosgene, propylene oxide,
              styrene,  vinylidene chloride, toluene
              diisocyanate,  perchloroethylene,
              tetrahydrofuran,  vinyl chloride,
              trichloroethylene

              toluene                                    13

              hydrogen chloride,  trichloroethylene       13

              trichloroethylene,  perchloroethylene,    10,  13
              methylene chloride, toluene

              methyl  chloroform,  ammonia, hydrogen      2,  13
              chloride, lead, toluene, Freon  113,
              trichloroethylene

              beryllium, ammonia, hydrogen chloride,    1,  13
              lead,  trichloroethylene

              lead,  ammonia, hydrogen chloride          1,  13

              lead,  toluene, trichloroethylene          1,  13
 Where 2 digit SIC codes are presented with a group of pollutants, some data
 indicate that the pollutants shown are likely to be associated with a broad
 classification represented by a 2 digit SIC code.  No data were found to
 link those pollutants with a more specific 4 digit SIC code.  The pollutants
 are listed by 2 digit SIC code to provide more information, even though it
 is not as specific.
                                    C-40

-------
 TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
3941
3942
3943
3944
3949
3951
3952
3953
3955
3961
3962
3963
3964
3993
3995
3996
3999
Reference
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
— methyl chloroform, styrene, toluene,
perchloroethylene
acrylonitrile, toluene
methyl chloroform
— toluene, styrene
styrene, perchloroethylene, toluene
— chlorine, methylene chloride, toluene,
perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene
copper, formaldehyde, toluene
— lead, toluene, trichloroethylene, zinc
toluene
ammonia, chlorine/HCl, lead, toluene,
perchl oroethyl ene, tri chl oroethyl ene
toluene
— formaldehyde, styrene, toluene,
trichloroethylene
— formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, lead,
toluene, trichloroethylene, zinc
— beryllium, ammonia, hydrogen chloride,
methyl chloroform, naphthalene, toluene,
perchl oroethyl ene, tri chl oroethyl ene ,
zinc
— toluene
benzene
— arsenic, ammonia, hydrogen chloride,
13
13
13
13
13
13
10, 13
13
13
13
13
13
13
1, 13
13
1
1, 13
methylene chloride, styrene, toluene,
trichloroethylene, zinc/zinc oxide
         C-41

-------
                         TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
4091
4111
4131
4212
4226
4231
44$3
4469
4582
4612
4613
4742
4782
4811
4899
4911
Reference
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
mercury
asbestos, formaldehyde, toluene
copper, nickel, toluene
— toluene
ammonia, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, xylene,
ethylene dichloride, gasoline vapors,
hydrogen chloride, methyl methacrylate,
methyl ene chloride, styrene, toluene
chromium, toluene
ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride,
toluene, perchloroethylene, methyl
chloroform, trichloroethylene, xylene
lead, toluene diisocyanate
toluene
— hydrogen sulfide
— gasoline vapors
methyl chloroform, xylene, toluene,
ammonia
toluene
toluene
— beryllium
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, cadmium,
benzo(a)pyrene, PAH, POM, mercury,
beryllium, manganese, nickel, PCB,
1
13
13
13
13
13
13
1
13
13
1
1, 13
13
13
1
1, 3,
4, 5,
13
                         benzene,  chromium,  arsenic,  copper,
                         lead

4922          ---        benzene,  hydrogen sulfide,  toluene         13
                                  C-42

-------
                          TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
4923
4924
4925
4931
4932
4941
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— toluene
mercury
— hydrogen sulfide
copper, methyl chloroform, PCB
hydrogen sulfide
— trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene,
Reference
(page C-50)
13
1
13
13
13
12, 13
                         arsenic, chromium, hydrogen chloride,
                         hydrogen sulfide, mercury, methyl
                         chloroform, perchloroethylene, vinyl
                         chloride, trichloroethylene

4952          —        ammonia, arsenic, cadmium, chromium,       13
                         copper, hydrogen chloride, lead,
                         mercury, nickel, zinc

4953          ---        chlorine/HCl, lead, cadmium, nickel,      3, 4,
                         manganese,  PAH, POM, chromium, PCB,       5, 12
                         arsenic, beryllium, mercury, ammonia,
                         copper, toluene, vinyl  chloride, zinc

4959          ---        benzene, chloroform, perchloroethylene,    13
                         ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride,
                         methyl  chloroform, trichloroethylene,
                         vinyl chloride

4961          —        toluene, formaldehyde,  benzene              1

5013          ---        asbestos, formaldehyde                     13

5021          ---        toluene                                    13

5039          ---        toluene diisocyanate                        1

5042          ---        toluene                                    13

5052          ---        zinc/zinc oxide                            10
                                  C-43

-------
                          TABLE  C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
5074
5078
5081
5084
5085
5086
5092
5093
5094
5096
5111
5113
5153
5161
Reference
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
hydrogen chloride
naphthalene, toluene
— toluene
toluene
— hydrogen chloride
— ammonia
gasoline vapors
— ammonia, asbestos, chromium, copper,
hydrogen chloride
ammon i a
ammonia
— naphthalene
— toluene
— ammonia
ammonia, benzene, 1,3-butadiene,
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
                         hydrogen chloride, methylene chloride,
                         styrene, toluene, methyl chloroform,
                         vinyl chloride

5171          —        gasoline vapors, xylene, toluene,         1, 5,
                         ethylene dibromide, benzene, benzyl       6, 13
                         chloride, carbon tetrachloride,
                         chlorine/HCl, ethylene dichloride,
                         formaldehyde, methyl methacrylate,
                         styrene, tetrahydrofuran

5172          ---        ethylene dibromide, gasoline vapors,      5, 13
                         benzene, hydrogen sulfide, toluene
                                  C-44

-------
 TABLE C-l.   Continued

SIC Code
5191
5194
5211
5212
5341
5511
5531
5541
5551
5599
5710
5712
5944
5984
5999
6324
6499
6512
Reference
SCC Codea Potential Pollutant (page C-50)
perchloroethylene, ammonia
--- benzene, toluene, xylene
toluene
— toluene
— toluene
— toluene
— trichloroethylene
xylene, toluene, ethylene dichloride,
benzene, gasoline vapors
toluene
— toluene
toluene
— ammonia, methyl chloroform, toluene,
methylene chloride
— hydrogen chloride
— toluene
toluene
— ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride
— toluene
acetaldehyde, ammonia, cadmium, lead,
6, 13
5
13
13 -
13
13
13
8
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
chromium, formaldehyde, naphthalene,
methyl chloroform, phenol, styrene,
perchloroethylene, toluene, xylene,
trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, zinc
         C-45

-------
                            TABLE C-l.   Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code            Potential  Pollutant              (page C-50)


  6513          —        ammonia,  copper,  hydrogen chloride,         13
                           hydrogen  sulfide, methyl  chloroform,
                           methylene chloride,  naphthalene,  zinc/
                           zinc oxide,  perchloroethylene,  toluene,
                           vinyl  chloride,  trichloroethylene

  6514          ---        ammonia,  manganese,  methyl chloroform,     13
                           styrene,  perchloroethylene,  toluene,
                           trichloroethylene, vinyl  chloride

  7210          ---        perchloroethylene                          13

  7211          —        perchloroethylene                          13

  7213          ---        perchloroethylene                          13

  7215          —        perchloroethylene                          10

  7216      4 01 001 99    methyl chloroform, trichloroethylene,     1, 2,
            4 01 002 02    perchloroethylene, ethylene               5, 6,
                           dichloride,  toluene                       8, 13

  7218          ---        perchloroethylene                          10

  7219          ---        perchloroethylene                          13

  7221          ---        ammonia                                    13

  7291          ---        perchloroethylene                          13

  7332          ---        ammonia                                    13

  7333          ---        ammonia                                    13

  7372          ---        trichloroethylene                          13

  7391          ---        trichloroethylene, mercury, ammonia,      1, 2,
                           cadmium, chromium, copper, hydrogen        13
                           chloride, formaldehyde,  lead, hydrogen
                           sulfide, manganese, methyl chloroform,
                           methylene chloride, nickel, phosgene,
                           phthalic anhydride, styrene, toluene,
                           perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene,
                           zinc/zinc oxide
                                    C-46

-------
TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
7392
7394
7395
7397
7399
7461
7499
7512
7531
7534
7535
7538
7539
7541
7629
7641
7694
7699
7716
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— ammonia, hydrogen chloride
— toluene
— methyl chloroform, methyl ene chloride
epichlorohydrin, hydrogen sulfide
— perchloroethylene, toluene, benzene,
methyl chloroform, trichloroethylene
— hydrogen chloride, methylene chloride
toluene
toluene
— naphthalene, toluene
— toluene
— toluene, xylene, naphthalene, zinc
oxide, benzene
— methyl chloroform, toluene
— ammonia, asbestos, formaldehyde,
toluene
toluene
— toluene
ammonia, lead, methylene chloride,
toluene, xylene
copper, hydrogen chloride, toluene,
naphthalene
— arsenic, copper, ammonia, toluene,
chlorine/HCl , xylene
perchloroethylene
Reference
(page C-50)
13
' 13
2, 13
13
1, 2,
13
13
13
13
13
12, 13
13
13
13
13
13
13
4, 13
13
        C-47

-------
TABLE C-l.  Continued

SIC Code
7819
7869
7941
7999
8021
8061
8062
8063
8069
8071
8091
8211
8220
B222
8244
8249
8411
8910
8922
8931
8999
SCC Code3 Potential Pollutant
— formaldehyde, methyl chloroform
hydrogen chloride, phosgene, phthalic
anhydride
lead
ethylene oxide
— mercury
ethylene oxide
phenol, ethylene oxide, styrene,
hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide
methyl ene chloride
ethylene oxide
ethylene oxide
— ethylene oxide
phenol, lead, toluene, xylene
— toluene
— methyl chloroform
— toluene
— toluene
toluene
ammonia
ammonia, methyl chloroform
— ammonia
— copper, styrene, toluene
Reference
(page C-50)
13
13
13
13
1
13
2, 13
13
4
4
13
2, 13
13
6
13
13
13
13
13
13
10, 13
        C-48

-------
                            TABLE C-l.  Continued
                                                                   Reference
SIC Code     SCC Code3           Potential Pollutant              (page C-50)


  9111          —        ammonia, chlorine                          13

  9189          —        benzene, perchloroethylene, methyl         13
                           chloroform, trichloroethylene

  9199          ---        ammonia                                    13

  9349          —        benzene, methyl chloroform, toluene,       13
                           perchloroethylene,  trichloroethylene,
                           vinyl chloride

  9511          ---        benzene, hydrogen sulfide, mercury,        13
                           methylene chloride, chlorobenzene,
                           toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene

  9711          ---        trichloroethylene,  methylene              1, 2,
                           chloride, xylene, methyl chloroform,      5, 10
                           toluene, phenol, beryllium, cadmium,       13
                           benzene, chromium,  ethylene oxide,
                           manganese,  formaldehyde, lead, PAH,
                           gasoline vapors, nickel, POM, ammonia,
                           radionuclides, chlorine/HCl, hydrogen
                           sulfide, methylene  chloride,
                           chlorinated phenols,  perchloroethylene
                                    C-49

-------
                            APPENDIX  C  REFERENCES
 1.   KVB.   Airborne  Toxic Materials  Study  for Sacramento County.   July 1983.

 2.   Santa Barbara County APCD.   Santa Barbara County  1983  Toxics  Emissions
     Inventory.   November 1983.

 3.   Radian Corporation.   Washington Toxic Air Contaminants Study.   Final
     Report.   December 1984.

 4.   Radian Corporation.   Potential  Sources of Air Toxics Emissions in
     Virginia.   Task 2 Technical  Note.  February 1984.

 5.   Radian Corporation.   North  Carolina Air Toxics Survey.  Identification
     of Pollutants of Concern and Potential Emission Sources.   Prepared for
     EPA Region  IV.   April 1985.

 6.   Radian Corporation.   Colorado Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Inventory
     and Prioritization for Further Study.  October 1984.

 7.   U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency.  Receptor Model Source
     Composition Library.  EPA 450/4-85-002.  November 1984.

 8.   U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency.  Volatile Organic  Compound (VOC)
     Species Data Manual.  Second Edition.  EPA 450/4-80-015.   July -1980.

 9.   South Coast Air Quality Management District.   Emissions  of Potentially
     Toxic/Hazardous Air Contaminants in the South Coast Basin.
     September 1983.

10.   Grayson,  M.  Editor.  Kirk  Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical
     Technology.  John Wiley and Sons.  New York.   1985.

11.   Radian Corporation.   Final  Work Products Supporting the  Development of
     a Toxic Air Pollutant Regulation for  the State of Maryland.

12.   U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency.  National  Air Toxics  Information
     Clearinghouse.   NATICH Data Base Report on State and Local Agency Air
     Toxics Activities.  September 1985.

13.   NATICH On-Line  Data Base.  Interactive Permitting Report, Number 13.
     May 1986.
                                    C-50

-------
    APPENDIX D
POLLUTANT/SIC INDEX

-------
                                 APPENDIX D
                             POLLUTANT/SIC INDEX

     This table shows, by pollutant, the Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes of source categories that potentially emit each pollutant.  The
material here is identical to that found in Appendix C and was obtained from
the same data sources, but is presented in a different format.  The Chemical
Abstracts Services (CAS) number, a unique substance identification number,
is also shown.
     The data presented here are potential or likely associations between
pollutant and source category (by SIC).  Every source may not emit all of
the pollutants shown with its SIC code.  Also, the data do not have any
bearing on the quantity of pollutant emitted.  Pollutants may be emitted in
trace amounts or In tons per year.
                                    D-l

-------
Pollutant
Acetaldehyde





Acrolein

Acry'lonitrile




Allyl chloride



CAS No.
75-7-0 2013
2095
2099
2421
2643
2654
107-02-8 2048
2095
107-13-1 2211
2221
2252
2261
2269
107-5-1 2822
2834
2869
3675
SIC
2821
2844
2851
2865
2869
2879
2821
2844
2821
2822
2824
2833
2834




Code
2892
2911
3079
3321
3479
3679
2869
2879
2865
2869
2879
3079
3499





3832
3861
4911
6512


3321
3471
3861
3942







Reference
(pg. D-19)
1, 4, 5, 13





1, 3, 4, 13

1, 4, 5, 11,




4, 13



Ammonia               7664-41-7 0289   2834   3433   3729      1, 12, 13
                                0723   2840   3442   3742
                                0724   2841   3444   3743
                                1031   2842   3446   3769
                                1094   2844   3449   3811
                                1311   2851   3465   3821
                                1321   2865   3471   3829
                                1950   2869   3479   3831
                                1951   2872   3484   3840
                                2013   2873   3496   3842
                                2023   2874   3497   3843
                                2036   2875   3499   3851
                                2080   2879   3511   3861
                                2253   2891   3519   3911
                                2282   2892   3535   3914
                                2294   2893   3536   3915
                                2311   2895   3541   3961
                                2321   2899   3542   3993
                                2328   2911   3551   3999
                                2335   2951   3554   4226
                                2339   3011   3555   4742
                                2361   3069   3559   4939
                                2371   3079   3561   4952
                                2387   3126   3568   4953
                                2396   3200   3569   5086
                                2432   3211   3572   5093
                                2511   3220   3573   5094
                                2522   3231   3585   5096
                                2531   3264   3592   5153
                                2541   3272   3599   5161
                                2545   3291   3610   5191
                                     D-2

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

(Ammonia continued)2621329336TI5712
                                2641   3296   3612   6512
                                2643   3297   3613   6513
                                2649   3312   3621   6514
                                2653   3312   3622   7221
                                2654   3315   3629   7332
                                2655   3317   3641   7333
                                2661   3321   3642   7391
                                2751   3322   3643   7392
                                2752   3325   3645   7539
                                2754   3339   3651   7641
                                2782   3341   3661   7699
                                2791   3356   3662   8910
                                2800   3361   3670   8922
                                2812   3362   3673   8931
                                2815   3369   3674   9111
                                2816   3398   3679   9199
                                2818   3399   3711
                                2819   3400   3714
                                2821   3423   3717
                                2823   3429   3721
                                2833   3432   3728

Arsenic               7440-38-2 0724   2253   2851   3332      1, 4, 5, 6,
                                1021   2271   2861   3339      7, 10, 13
                                1031   2279   2865   3341
                                1059   2283   2869   3471
                                1081   2291   2879   3479
                                1111   2295   2891   3484
                                1112   2335   2892   3551
                                1213   2352   2893   3559
                                1446   2396   2899   3569
                                1453   2491   2911   3573
                                1477   2621   3200   3574
                                1481   2641   3211   3582
                                1499   2731   3221   3620
                                1629   2812   3229   3674
                                1711   2813   3241   3679
                                1721   2816   3251   3811
                                1799   2819   3253   3861
                                2011   2821   3299   3999
                                2013   2823   3312   4911
                                2033   2831   3313   4941
                                2086   2833   3321   4952
                                2091   2834   3325   4953
                                2097   2842   3331   7699

Asbestos              1332-21-4 1499   2821   3273   3811      5, 6, 13
                                2261   2851   3292   3861
                                2296   2869   3293   4111
                                2431   2891   3573   5013
                                2661   2951   3714   5093
                                     D-3

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.           SIC Code                Reference

(Asbestos continued)28lO295237177539
                                2812   2992   3731

Benzene               71-43-2   0289   2296   2893   3573      1, 3, 4, 5, 9
                                1041   2396   2899   3579
                                1382   2591   2911   3662
                                1721   2751   2921   3673
                                1781   2752   2951   3714
                                1799   2753   2992   3833
                                2023   2754   3011   3834
                                2032   2810   3031   3861
                                2051   2812   3069   3996
                                2065   2818   3079   4226
                                2099   2819   3194   4922
                                2111   2821   3292   4959
                                2141   2822   3312   4961
                                2211   2823   3321   5161
                                2221   2831   3361   5171
                                2231   2841   3411   5172
                                2241   2842   3433   5194
                                2252   2843   3449   5541
                                2253   2844   3461   7359
                                2261   2851   3471   7535
                                2262   2861   3479   9189
                                2269   2865   3519   9349
                                2272   2869   3542   9511
                                2293   2879   3559   9711
                                2295   2891   3572

Benzidine             92-87-5   2099   2865                    4, 13
                                2251   3573
                                2269   3861

Benzo(a)pyrene        50-32-8   1612   2895   2951   3624      5, 13
See also POM, PAH               26     2911   3312   3629
                                2861   2921   3573   4911

Benzyl chloride       100-44-7  2819   3844   3079   5171      1, 3, 4, 5, 1
                                2834   2865   3679
                                2843   2869   3861

Beryllium             7440-41-7 1099   3253   3634   3822      1, 3, 4, 5, 1
                                1446   3255   3659   3823
                                1453   3264   3672   3825
                                1499   3297   3673   3914
                                1629   3312   3674   3993
                                2063   3321   3679   4899
                                2813   3369   3691   4911
                                2911   3545   3693   4953
                                3079   3572   3694   9711
                                3251   3612   3811
                                     D-4

-------
Pollutant
Bis(chloromethyl)
ether
1,3 -Butadiene


Cadmium














Carbon tetrachloride






Chlorobenzene



Chloroethane

Chloroform






Chlorine/HCl




CAS No.
542-89-1 22
28
106-99-0 2269
2812
2821
7440-43-9 1021
1031
1499
2387
2512
2621
2631
2819
2821
2826
2873
2874
2879
2893
2899
56-23-5 0289
1382
2079
2431
2800
2810
2812
108-90-7 2865
2869
2879
0289
75-00-3 2821
2869
67-66-3 0289
2013
2099
2111
2221
2511
2521
7782-50-5 0723
7647-01-0 2046
2399
2408
2611
SIC
3573
3861
2822
2827
2869
2911
3031
3200
3211
3229
3241
3291
3313
3321
3324
3325
3331
3332
3333
3339
2813
2818
2821
2822
2833
2834
2842
1382
2812
2818
3203


2522
2611
2621
2631
2800
2810
2812
2840
2842
2860
2865
2869
Code


2879
4226
5161
3341
3351
3432
3442
3452
3471
3479
3499
3536
3547
3572
3641
3673
3679
3692
2851
2865
2869
2879
2952
3296
3461
3362
3555
3662
3674


2816
2822
2834
2842
2865
2869
2879
3339
3341
3352
3354
3361
Reference
5, 13

5, 13


3711 1, 4, 5, 6,
3714 7, 13
3811
3823
3843
3861
4911
4952
4953
6512
7391
9711



3531 1, 3, 4, 6, 1
3674
3861
5171



3861 3, 4, 5, 13



10, 13

3573 3, 5, 6, 13
3679
3821
3861
4959
9711

3679 10, 12, 13
3711
3714
3822
3843
D-5

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

(Chlorine/HCL continued)2621287933693861
                                2810   2899   3429   3951
                                2812   2911   3471   3961
                                2818   3069   3499   4953
                                2819   3079   3553   5171
                                2821   3229   3573   7699
                                2822   3295   3624   9111
                                2823   3312   3662
                                2834   3334   3674

Chloroprene           126-99-8  2821                           5
                                2822

Chromium              7440-47-3 1499   3255   3423   3713       1, 3, 4, 5,
                                2261   3271   3429   3714       7, 13
                                2491   3272   3433   3721
                                2816   3291   3471   3743
                                2819   3292   3477   3811
                                2834   3295   3479   3821
                                2851   3297   3481   3831
                                2861   3312   3533   3842
                                2865   3313   3545   3861
                                2869   3321   3547   4231
                                2899   3324   3548   4911
                                2911   3325   3555   4941
                                2951   3331   3559   4952
                                2952   3332   3569   4953
                                2999   3341   3573   5093
                                3111   3350   3673   6512
                                3211   3362   3675   7391
                                3229   3399   3679   9711
                                3241   3421   3711

Coke oven emissions             2911                           10
                                3312

Copper                7440-50-8 1021   3295   3471   3673       10,  12, 13
                                1761   3299   3479   3679
                                2262   3313   3494   3699
                                2387   3321   3536   3714
                                2491   3325   3549   3811
                                2512   3331   3559   3821
                                2800   3339   3562   3952
                                2810   3341   3564   4131
                                2819   3351   3567   4911
                                2824   3360   3568   4931
                                2851   3361   3569   4952
                                2879   3362   3573   4953
                                2893   3369   3585   5093
                                2899   3425   3629   6573
                                3111   3429   3643   7391
                                3220   3441   3644   7694
                                     D-6

-------
Pollutant
CAS No.
SIC Code
Reference
(Copper continued)


Cresol


Dibenzofurans

1,4-Dichlorobenzene


3,3-Dichlorobenzidine

Dimethyl sulfate


1,4-Dioxane



Epichlorohydrin



Ethyl ene di bromide



Ethylene dichloride






Ethylene oxide





3241
3264
3292
1319-77-3 2295
2491
2514
2491
2865
106-46-7 2261
2834
2842
91-94-1 2822
2865
77-78-1 2099
2816
2824
123-91-1 2211
2221
2231
2241
106-89-8 2099
2821
2822
2834
106-93-4 0723
2834
2869
2879
107-06-2 0289
1382
2070
2075
2221
23
2821
75-21-8 2099
2800
2813
2821
2834
2841
3443
3446
3469
2800
2821
2842


2865
2879



2844
2865
3861
2262
2816
2834
2842
2842
2851
2869
2992
2911
3519
5171
5172
2822
2823
2824
2831
2833
2834
2841
2869
2879
3069
3079
3829
3831
3661
3662
3670
2851
2865
2879










2843
2844
2851
2865
3569
3675
3679
3861




2865
2869
2879
2911
3079
3679
3861
3841
3842
3843
6324
7999
8060
7699
8999

3357
3569











2891
3842
3861

7397







4226
4463
4959
5171
5541
7216

8061
8062
8069
8071
8091
9711



4, 13


10

4, 5


4, 13

1, 5, 13


1, 4, 8, 13



1, 4, 5, 13



3, 4, 5, 13



1, 4, 5, 6,
8, 13





2, 4, 6, 13





                                     D-7

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.           SIC Code                Reference

Formaldehyde50-00-002892541376139641, 3, 4, 5,
                                1311   2643   3810   4111      6, 8, 13
                                2011   2649   4911   3471
                                2013   2651   9711   3484
                                2023   2754   3585   3499
                                2032   2800   3592   3511
                                2051   2812   3599   3544
                                2065   2819   3613   3544
                                2111   2821   3621   3561
                                2221   2833   4961   3565
                                2231   2834   2991   3569
                                2269   2841   2992   5013
                                2272   2842   3069   5171
                                2421   2844   3291   6512
                                2431   2851   3292   7391
                                2432   2861   3296   7539
                                2435   2865   3297   7819
                                2451   2869   3312   4711
                                2631   2892   3321   3642
                                2080   2893   3322   3643
                                2099   2899   3361   3661
                                2262   2911   3362   3662
                                2294   2921   3400   3679
                                2295   2951   3432   3711
                                2296   2952   3433   3714
                                2408   3079   3442   3821
                                2490   3111   3843   3841
                                2499   3229   3861   3842
                                2521   3572   3952
                                2522   3573   3963

Freon 113             75-69-4   2844   3600   3585   3911      5, 10,  13
                                2869   3800   3662
                                3499   0289   3579
                                35     3484   3831

Gasoline vapors       8006-61-9 1094   3519   4613   3079      6, 10,  13
                                1311   3564   5092   3272
                                1380   5172   5171   3293
                                1501   5541   2754   3295
                                1791   9711   2818   3443
                                1799   3670   2821
                                2911   3679   2865
                                2999   4226   2869

Hexachlorobenzene     118-74-1  2865                           3, 4, 5
                                2869
                                2879

Hexachlorocyclo-      77-47-4  2869                           5, 10,  11,  13
pentadiene                      2879
                                2899
                                      D-8

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

Hydrazine302-01-2226228l8287936451, 3, 4, 5,
                                2269   2834   2899   3670      13
                                2499   2865   3499   3761
                                2816   2869   3519   3861

Hydrogen sulfide      7783-06-4 0723   2841   9711   3629      5, 13
                                1094   2865   2992   3643
                                1211   2869   3079   3662
                                1311   2873   3264   3670
                                1321   2874   3273   3673
                                1381   2875   3292   3674
                                1382   2899   3312   3679
                                1389   2911   3321   3714
                                1477   4941   3341   3721
                                1799   4952   3429   3728
                                2091   5171   3462   3861
                                2611   5172   3471   3911
                                2621   6513   3483   4612
                                2641   7391   3569   4922
                                2818   7397   3573   4925
                                2819   8062   3585   4932
                                2821   9511   3624

Lead                  7439-92-1 0291   2911   3425   3573      1, 3, 4, 5,
                                1446   3031   3429   3583      6, 7, 13
                                1453   3069   3443   3611
                                1711   3079   3466   3612
                                1721   3111   3471   3620
                                1741   3194   3479   3621
                                1761   3200   3482   3642
                                1799   3229   3484   3662
                                2282   3241   3497   3670
                                2295   3251   3499   3691
                                2421   3253   3533   3692
                                2512   3264   3536   3811
                                2731   3269   3541   2821
                                2732   3291   3542   3823
                                2794   3293   3555   3842
                                2800   3312   3559   3561
                                2816   3321   3561   3911
                                2819   3325   3564   3914
                                2821   3332   3567   3915
                                2822   3333   3569   4469
                                2831   3339   3672   4952
                                2833   3341   3673   4953
                                2834   3351   3674   6512
                                2851   3355   3675   9711
                                2873   3356   3679   7391
                                2879   3362   3699   7641
                                2891   3369   3714   7941
                                2892   3398   3717   8211
                                     D-9

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference
(Lead continued)

Maleic anhydride



Manganese


Mercury










Methyl bromide



Methyl chloride



Methyl chloroform

















2893
2899
108-31-6 2099
2821
2822
2865
7439-96-5 3291
3313
3321
7439-97-6 1021
1031
1092
2812
2813
2819
2821
2833
2834
2851
2869
74-83-9 2011
2048
2299
2833
74-87-3 2818
2821
2869
3679
71-55-6 0289
1382
1781
1950
1951
2013
2111
2291
2298
2329
2434
2511
2521
2522
2542
2591
2641
2643
3411
3421
2869
2879
2899
2911
3399
3643
3679
2879
2892
2911
3079
3200
3241
3274
3229
3241
3312
3331
2865
2879
3264

2879
2899
3315

3199
3200
3208
3229
3269
3291
3292
3300
3321
3323
3325
3361
3362
3411
3412
3421
3423
3429
3721
3769




3691
3714
4911
3332
3333
3499
3611
3629
3641
3642
3674
3679
3821
3822








3555
3559
3561
3562
3564
3566
3567
3573
3573
3574
3585
3585
3599
3611
3612
3613
3613
3619


4, 5, 13



4953 4, 5, 13
6514
9711
3829 1, 3, 4, 5,
3861 13
4091
4911
4941
4952
4953
8021
9511


1, 13



8, 13



3714 1, 2, 3, 4,
3721 5, 6, 13
3728
3742
3800
3811
3821
3822
3825
3831
3832
3841
3842
3843
3851
3861
3911
3941
                                    D-10

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.           SIC Code                Reference

(Methyl Chloroform continued)273234^236213943
                                2750   3443   3621   3993
                                2754   3444   3622   4742
                                2782   3446   3629   4931
                                2800   3451   3631   4941
                                2810   3452   3636   4959
                                2819   3461   3641   5712
                                2821   3469   3642   6512
                                2831   3471   3643   6513
                                2834   3479   3645   6514
                                2842   3493   3646   7216
                                2844   3494   3651   7391
                                2851   3496   3661   7395
                                2851   3499   3661   7538
                                2869   3500   3662   7819
                                2891   3511   3670   8222
                                2951   3519   3674   8922
                                2992   3533   3675   9182
                                3011   3542   3679   9349
                                3021   3544   3691   9711
                                3069   3545   3694
                                3079   3551   3699

Methyl isocyanate     624-83-9  2099   2899                    10,  13
                                2865   2951
                                2869   3029
                                2879

Methyl methacrylate   80-62-6   2821   2841   2899   5171
                                2833   2851   3079
                                2834   2869   4226

Methylene chloride    75-09-2   0289   2865   3551   3799      2, 3, 4, 5,
                                2070   2869   3555   3811      6, 8, 13
                                2095   2870   3573   3831
                                2099   2879   3573   3832
                                2111   2891   3579   3861
                                2431   3011   3585   3861
                                2434   3069   3599   3900
                                2499   3079   3600   3911
                                25     3221   3612   3951
                                2511   3229   3643   3999
                                2521   3291   3661   4226
                                2522   3316   3662   4463
                                2542   3362   3670   4959
                                2599   3411   3674   5161
                                2643   3423   3675   5712
                                2751   3429   3679   6513
                                2754   3431   3700   7391
                                2800   3452   3711   7395
                                2818   3461   3713   7461
                                2821   3465   3714   7641
                                    D-ll

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference
(Methyl ene Chloride




Mineral fibers


Naphthalene













Nickel












Nitrobenzene


Nitrosomorpholine


continued) 2822
2833
2834
2842
2844
2221
2241
3255
91-20-3 0299
0851
2392
2432
2433
2491
2499
2511
2521
2643
2751
2800
2819
2851
7440-02-2 1061
1422
2079
2251
2496
2754
2819
2851
2873
2911
3200
3211
3220
98-95-3 2099
2821
2842
59-89-2 2865
2869
2891
3471
3479
3499
3544
3545
3297
3296
3299
2861
2865
2869
2911
2999
3021
3031
3069
3079
3111
3264
3292
3300
3312
3241
3312
3313
3321
3325
3331
3332
3339
3341
3356
3425
3471
3479
2851
2865
2869



3721
3722
3728
3742
3769



3312
3321
3325
3357
3412
3429
3461
3481
3544
3562
3573
3612
3619
3621
3533
3549
3569
3572
3573
3592
3623
3643
3673
3674
3679
3691
3692
2892
3471
3573



8063
9511
9711

*
10


3642 10, 12, 13
3679
3692
3714
3831
3861
3993
5078
5111
6512
6513
7531
7535

3713 1, 4, 5, 6,
3721 7, 13
3722
3743
3831
3842
3861
4131
4911
4952
4953
7391
9711
1, 3, 4, 5,
13

4


 Perch!oroethylene      127-18-4  0289    2869   3542   3949       1,  2,  3,  4,  5
                                1216    2893   3554   3951       6,  8,  13
                                2000    2899   3559   3961
                                2111    3041   3561   3993
                                2216    3069   3566   4463
                                    D-12

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

(Perchloroethylene continued)2221321635734941
                                2231   3229   3582   4959
                                2253   3264   36     5191
                                2256   3291   3611   6512
                                2262   3317   3612   6513
                                2269   3325   3613   6514
                                2295   3369   3629   7210
                                2296   3400   3633   7212
                                2371   3411   3642   7213
                                2435   3437   3643   7215
                                2500   3442   3661   7215
                                2522   3443   3670   7216
                                2542   3444   3674   7216
                                2641   3446   3679   7218
                                2643   3446   3694   7218
                                2751   3461   3699   7219
                                2754   3465   37     7221
                                2754   3469   3714   7291
                                2810   3471   3721   7391
                                2819   3479   3728   7399
                                2821   3496   3761   7716
                                2822   3497   3811   9189
                                2834   3499   3841   9349
                                2841   3511   3861   9711
                                2842   3531   3900
                                2851   3540   3941

Phenol/chlorinated    108-95-2  0289   2865   3362   3642      2, 4, 5, 13
phenols                         1446   2869   3429   3643
                                2013   2879   3432   3670
                                2099   2892   3433   3674
                                22     2911   3484   3679
                                2431   3011   3494   3711
                                2491   3079   3511   3811
                                2499   3291   3561   3843
                                2800   3296   3565   3861
                                2819   3297   3569   4226
                                2821   3312   3573   6512
                                2833   3321   3599   8062
                                2834   3325   3612   8211
                                2851   3361   3621   9711

Phosgene              75-44-5   2812   2834   3334   7869      4, 5, 13
                                2815   2865   3679
                                2818   2869   3861
                                2819   2879   7391

Phthalic anhydride    85-44-9   2599   2851   3079   7391      10, 12, 13
                                2821   2865   3511   7869
                                2821   2879   3585

Polychlorinated                 2812   3629                    1, 4, 13
biphenyl - PCB
                                    D-13

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

(Polychlorinated331549Tl
buphenyl - PCB  continued)      3612

Polycyclic aromatic             1612   2861   2911   4911      4
hydrocarbons - PAH              2421   2865   2952   4953
                                26     2895   3312   9711

Polycyclic organic              1111   2865   2952   9711      5
matter - POM                    2421   2869   3312
                                26     2911   4911
                                2861   2951   4953

Propylene oxide       75-56-9   2821   3411                    4, 13
                                2843   3585
                                2869   3861

Radionuclides                   1094   4511                    4, 5
                                1475   9711
                                2819

Styrene               100-42-5  1711   2869   3423   3861      5, 13
                                1743   3011   3443   3941
                                2221   3069   3499   3944
                                2295   3079   3511   3949
                                2434   3079   3621   3963
                                2511   3229   3622   3999
                                2522   3261   3624   4226
                                2821   3271   3661   5161
                                2821   3291   3670   5171
                                2822   3299   3673   6512
                                2822   3321   3674   6514
                                2833   3325   3679   7391
                                2834   3341   3713   8062
                                2851   3361   3721   8999
                                2865   3369   3732

Tetrahydrofuran       109-99-9  2821   3300   3573   3842      5, 13
                                2865   3443   3670   3861
                                3079   3544   3679   5171

Toluene               108-88-3  0282   2833   3490   3831      1, 4, 6, 8
                                0289   2834   3492   3832
                                0373   2834   3493   3840
                                1382   2841   3494   3841
                                1616   2842   3496   3842
                                1629   2843   3499   3843
                                1721   2844   3499   3861
                                1781   2851   3511   3861
                                1791   2851   3522   3871
                                1799   2860   3523   3900
                                1950   2865   3531   3911
                                2000   2865   3534   3931
                                    D-14

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

(Toluene continued)20T3286935353941
                                2023   2869   3537   3942
                                2032   2891   3541   3944
                                2033   2891   3542   3949
                                2051   2892   3544   3951
                                2052   2893   3545   3952
                                2065   2893   3548   3953
                                2079   2899   3549   3955
                                2086   2911   3551   3961
                                2111   2911   3552   3962
                                2190   2921   3553   3963
                                2261   2951   3554   3964
                                2269   2951   3555   3993
                                2295   2992   3559   3995
                                2296   3011   3561   3999
                                2369   3021   3562   4111
                                2387   3031   3563   4131
                                2389   3041   3564   4212
                                2392   3041   3566   4226
                                2396   3060   3567   4231
                                2411   3069   3569   4463
                                2421   3079   3572   4582
                                2423   3079   3572   4742
                                2426   3111   3573   4782
                                2431   3141   3579   4811
                                2431   3143   3581   4922
                                2431   3172   3582   4923
                                2432   3199   3585   4953
                                2434   3200   3585   5021
                                2434   3211   3586   5042
                                2449   3220   3589   5078
                                2479   3229   3599   5081
                                2490   3231   3610   5084
                                2491   3241   3611   5113
                                2499   3261   3612   5161
                                2511   3263   3613   5171
                                2511   3264   3620   5171
                                2512   3272   3621   5172
                                2514   3291   3622   5194
                                2514   3293   3623   5211
                                2517   3299   3629   5212
                                2519   3312   3632   5341
                                2521   3312   3633   5511
                                2521   3315   3634   5541
                                2522   3316   3636   5541
                                2522   3321   3641   5551
                                2531   3325   3642   5599
                                2541   3352   3643   5710
                                2542   3357   3644   5712
                                2599   3361   3645   5984
                                2621   3362   3648   5999
                                2631   3369   3651   6499
                                    D-15

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

(Toluene continued)26413391365165T2
                                2641   3400   3661   6513
                                2643   3411   3661   6514
                                2644   3411   3662   7216
                                2645   3412   3670   7391
                                2649   3421   3673   7394
                                2652   3425   3674   7399
                                2654   3429   3679   7499
                                2655   3431   3693   7512
                                2700   3432   3694   7531
                                2741   3433   3699   7534
                                2750   3440   3710   7535
                                2751   3441   3711   7538
                                2752   3442   3713   7539
                                2754   3442   3714   7541
                                2754   3443   3717   7629
                                2782   3446   3721   7641
                                2789   3447   3728   7694
                                2800   3448   3729   7699
                                2810   3448   3742   8211
                                2812   3449   3751   8220
                                2815   3461   3761   8244
                                2818   3465   3769   8249
                                2819   3469   3799   8411
                                2819   3470   3800   8999
                                2821   3471   3811   9349
                                2821   3479   3821   9511
                                2822   3481   3823   9711
                                2822   3483   3825   9711
                                2833   3484   3829

Toluene diisocyanate  584-84-9  1081   2282   2869   3662      1, 10, 13
                                1112   2521   3069   3670
                                1213   2541   3069   3674
                                1446   2800   3079   3679
                                1453   2821   3079   3714
                                1481   2822   3291   3743
                                1629   2824   3444   3821
                                1799   2851   3511
                                2221   2861   3555
                                2281   2865   3643

Trichloroethylene     79-01-6   0289   3126   3567   3821      1, 2, 3, 4,
                                37     3172   3569   3822      6, 13
                                39     3200   3573   3831
                                1721   3208   3585   3832
                                1781   3231   3599   3832
                                1950   3264   3600   3840
                                1951   3281   3611   3841
                                2099   3293   3612   3851
                                2425   3312   3613   3861
                                2429   3362   3619   3873
                                    D-16

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.           SIC Code                Reference

(Trichloroethylene continued)24323369362139TI
                                2500   3398   3622   3914
                                2511   3400   3629   3931
                                2514   3411   3631   3951
                                2521   3421   3641   3953
                                2522   3423   3642   3961
                                2541   3442   3643   3963
                                2542   3443   3644   3964
                                2599   3444   3645   3993
                                2621   3446   3648   3999
                                2645   3451   3651   4463
                                2653   3452   3661   4941
                                2711   3461   3662   4941
                                2751   3469   3670   4959
                                2752   3471   3673   5531
                                2754   3479   3674   6512
                                2782   3481   3674   6513
                                2810   3483   3675   6514
                                2812   3494   3679   7216
                                2819   3499   3693   7372
                                2819   3535   3699   7391
                                2842   3541   3714   7391
                                2844   3542   3717   7399
                                2851   3544   3721   9189
                                2865   3545   3722   9349
                                2869   3552   3728   9511
                                2899   3554   3761   9711
                                2992   3559   3764
                                3069   3564   3811

Vinyl chloride        75-01-4   1442   2879   3573   4959      4, 5, 8, 13
                                2269   2893   3612   5161
                                2396   3029   3644   6512
                                2799   3069   3699   6513
                                2812   3079   3861   6514
                                2821   3300   3899
                                2865   3357   4941
                                2869   3496   4953

Vinylidene chloride   75-35-4   0289   2821   2834   3861      4, 5, 13
                                2269   2822   2869
                                2295   2824   3642
                                2812   2833   3842

Xylene                1330-20-7 1382   2869   3448   3721      1, 4, 6,
                                1629   2879   3479   3761      8, 13
                                1781   2891   3511   3861
                                2269   2893   3533   3861
                                2295   2899   3552   4463
                                2431   2911   3572   4742
                                2434   2992   3585   5171
                                2511   3231   3612   5194
                                    D-17

-------
Pollutant              CAS No.            SIC Code                Reference

(Xylene continued)25l4326436425541
                                2521   3291   3651   6512
                                2522   3292   3661   7535
                                2531   3312   3662   7641
                                2754   3321   3662   7699
                                2821   3325   3673   9511
                                2834   3411   3674   9711
                                2851   3441   3679
                                2865   3442   3699

Zinc/zinc oxide       1314-13-2 1031   3300   3484   3693       1, 10,  12,  13
                                1951   3300   3494   3714
                                2387   3312   3494   3714
                                2522   3315   3497   3717
                                2646   3321   3499   3721
                                2699   3322   3536   3728
                                2816   3325   3544   3811
                                2818   3331   3547   3823
                                2819   3332   3549   3841
                                2834   3333   3551   3843
                                2842   3339   3555   3861
                                2843   3341   3567   3861
                                2844   3351   3569   3953
                                2851   3355   3573   3964
                                2864   3356   3573   3993
                                2879   3360   3585   3999
                                2893   3361   3612   3999
                                2899   3362   3642   4952
                                2911   3369   3643   4953
                                3011   3369   3644   5052
                                3069   3423   3662   6512
                                3079   3425   3670   6513
                                3241   3429   3674   6513
                                3264   3442   3679   7391
                                3272   3452   3679   7535
                                3291   3471   3691
                                3293   3471   3692
                                3297   3479   3692
                                    D-18

-------
     APPENDIX E



SIC CODE DESCRIPTORS

-------
                                 APPENDIX E
                            SIC CODE DESCRIPTORS

     The descriptions of all two, three, and four digit Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) Codes are listed in this Appendix.  Descriptions were
obtained from the Standard Industrial Classification Code Manual, available
from the U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
     Two digit SIC codes represent the broadest classification of industry
type.  For example, SIC 28 represents the chemical and allied products
industry.  A three digit code specifies a slightly more detailed
classification.  Thus, SIC 287 represents the chemical and allied products
industry, specifically the agricultural chemicals group.   Finally,  a four
digit SIC code represents the most detailed SIC classification.  For
example, SIC 2874 represents phosphatic fertilizer manufacture.
                                    E-l

-------
SIC Code
           Descriation.
        SIC  Code
                   Description
     01
     011
     0111
     3112
     3115
     3116
     0119
     013
     0131
     013?
     0133
     C1134
     0139
     016
     0161
     017
     C171
     0172
     0173
     0174
     0175
     0179
     018
     '3131
     0182
     0139
     019
     0191
     02
     021
     0211
     0213
     0214
     0212
     0219
     024
     0241
     025
     0221
     0252
     0253
     0254
     0259
     027
     0271
     0272
     0279
     029
     0291
     07
     071
     0711
     072
     0721
     0722
     0723
     0724
     0729
     074
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
Agricultural production-crops
Cash grains
Wheat
Rica
Corn
Soybeans
Cash grains, nee
Field crops, except sash grains
Cotton
Tooacco
Sugar croos
Irish potatoes
Field crops, except cash grains, nee
Vegetables and melons
Vegetaoles and nelons
Fruics and tree nuts
3erry crops
Grapes
Tree nuts
Citrus fruits
Qeciduous tree fruits
Fruits and tree nuts, nee
Horticultural so«eialties
Ornamental nursery products
rood crops grown uncer caver
Horticultural specialties, nee
General farms, primarily crop
General farms, primarily crop
Agricultural praduction-livestock
livestock, exc. dairy, poultry, etc.
3«ef cattle feedlots
Hogs
Sheep and goats
3eef cattle, except feedlots
General I ivestoek, nee
Dairy farms
Dairy farms
Poultry and eggs
Broiler,  fryer and roaster chickens
Chicken eggs
Turkeys and turkey eggs
Poultry hatcheries
Poultry i eggs, nee
Animal specialties
Fur-bearing animals and rabbits
Horses and other equine*
Animal specialties, nee
General farms, primarily  livestock
General farms, primarily  livestock
Agricultural  services
Soil preparation services
Soil preparation services
Crop services
Crop planting  and protection
Crop harvesting
Crop preparation services  for  market
Cotton ginning
General crop  services
Veterinary  services
            0741  Veterinary services, farm  livestock
            0742  Veterinary services, specialties
            075   Animal services, except veterinary
            0751  Livestock services, exc. specialties
            0752  Animal specialty services
            076   Farm labor and management services
            0761  Farm laoor contractors
            0762  Farm management services
            073   Landscape and horticultural services
            0781  Landscape counseling and planning
            0732  Lawn and garden services
            0733  Ornamental snruo and tree services
            CS    Forestry
            031   Timber tracts
            0811  Timber tracts
            082   Forest nurseries and seed gathering
            0221  Forest nurseries and seed gathering
            034   Gathering of misc. forest procucts
            0843  Extraction of pine gum
            C849  Gathering of forest products, nee
            085   Forestry services
            0851  Forestry services
            09    Fishing, hunting, and crapping
            091   Commercial fishing
            0912  Finfisn
            3913  Shellfish
            0919  Miscellaneous .wine prooucts
            092   Fish hatcheries and preserves
            0921  Fish hatcheries and preserves
            097   Hunting, crapping, game propagation
            0971  Hunting, trapoing, game propagation
            8     Mining
E-2
10    Metal  mining
101   Iron ores
1011   Iron ores
102   Copper ores
1021   Copper ores
103   Lead and tine ores
1031   Lead and zinc ores
104   Gold and silver ores
1041   Gold ores
1044   Silver ores
105   Sauxita and other aluminum ores
10S1   Sauxitt and other aluminum ores
106   Ferroalloy ores, except vanadium
1061   Ferroalloy ores, except vanadium
108   Metal mining services
1081   Metal mining services
109   Miscellaneous metal ores
1092   Mercury ores
1094   Uranium-radium*vanadium ores
1099   Metal ores, nee
11    Anthracite mining
111   Anthracite mining
'111   Anthracite
1112   Anthracite mining services
12    Bituminous coal and lignite mining
121   Bituminous coal and lignite mining
1211   Bituminous coal and lignite
1213   Bituminous £ lignite mining services

-------
13    Oil «nd gas extraction
131   Crude petroleus and natural gas
1311  Crude pttroleun and natural gas
132   Natural gas liquids
1321  Natural gas liquids
133   Oil and gas field services
1331  Drilling ail and gas wells
1332  Oil and gas exploration services
1339  Oil and gas field services, nee
14    Normetallic ninerals, except fuels
141   Dimension stone
1411  Dimension stone
%2   Crushed and Sroken stsne
*i22  Crusned ana irsicen limestone
1423  Crusned and broken granite
1429  Crushed and oroicen stone, nee
144   Sand and gravel
1442  Construction sand ana gravel
1446  Industrial sand
145   Clay, ceramic i refractory minerals
1432  3entonite
14S3  fire clay
1454  Fuller's earth
1455  Kaolin and sail clay
1459  Ctay and related nmerals, nee
147   Chemical and fertilizer minerals
1472  Sarita
1473  Fluorspar                        .>
1474  Potash, soda, and borate minerals
1475  Phosphate roci
1476  Socle salt
1477  Sulfur
1479  Chemical and fertilizer mining, nee
142   Monmtallic minerals services
1431  Nonmetallic minerals services
149   Miscellaneous normetallic minerals
1492  Gypsum
1494  Talc, soapstone,  and pyrophyllita
1499  Nonmetallic minerals, nee
C     Construction
15    General  building contractors
152   Residential  building construction
1521  Single-family housing construction
1522  Residential  construction,  nee
153   Operative builders
1531  Operative buiIders
154   Monrtsidential building construction
1541  Industrial buildings and warehouses
1542  Nonresidential construction, nee
16    Heavy construction contractors
161   Highway  and street construction
1611  Highway  and street construction
162   Heavy construction,  except highway
1622  Bridge,  tunnel,  i elevated highway
1623  Water, sewer,  and utility lines
1629  Heavy construction,  nee
17    Special  trade contractors
171   Pluming,  heating, air conditioning
1711  Plugging,  heating, air conditioning
172   Painting,  paper hanging, decorating
           1721  Painting, paoer hanging, decorati-g
           173   Electrical work
           1731  electrical work
           174   Masonry, stonework, and plastering
           1741  Masonry and other stonework
           1742  Plastering, dry wall and insulation
           1743  Terrazzo, tile, marole, mosaic  work
           175   Carpentering and flooring
           1751  Carpentering
           1752  Floor Laying and floor work, nee
           176   Roofing and sheet metal work
           1761  Roofing and sne-t .net a I work
           177   Ccncrate »ork
           1771  Csncrete «ork
           173   Water well drilling
           1731  Water well drilling
           179   Misc. soecial  trade contractors
           1791  Structural steel erection
           1793  Class and glazing work
           1794  Excavating and foundation  work
           1795  Wracking ard semoii::cn »crk
           1796  Installing building «euianent,  nee
           1799  Soecial trade  csntractors, r.ec
           0	"anufaetur'ng
E-3
20    rood and kirared aroaucts
201   Meet products
2011  Meat packing plants
2013  Sausages and other prepared meats
2016  Poultry dressing plants
2017  Poultry and egg processing
202   Dairy products
2021  Creamery butter
2022  Cheese, natural and processed
2023  Condensed and evaporated milk
2024  Ice cream and frozen desserts
2026  Fluid milk
203   Preserved fruits and vegetables
2032  Canned specialties
2033  Canned fruits and vegetables
2034  Dehydrated fruits, vegetables, soups
2035  Pickles, sauces, and salad dressings
2037  Frozen fruits and vegetables
2033  Frozen specialties
i04   Uratrrnritt proouctS
2041  Flour and other grain mill products
2043  Cereal breakfast foods
2044  Rice milling
2045  3Iended and prepared flour
2046  Wet corn milling
2047  Dog, cat, and other pat food
2048  Prepared feedSj^nes.
205   Bakery prooucts
2051  3read, cake, and related products
2052  Cookies and crackers
206   Sugar and confectionery products
2061  Raw cane sugar
2062  Cane sugar refining
2063  3eet sugar
2065  Confectionery products
2066  Chocolate and cocoa products

-------
2C67  dewing gun
207   Fats and oils
207>»  Cottonseed oil mills
2071  Soybean ail nil Is
2076  Vegetable oil mills, nee
2077  Animal and marine fats and oils
2079  Shortening and cooking oils
203   Severages
2032  Malt beverages
20S3  Malt
2084  Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits
2C85  Distilled  liquor, except brandy
208.6  Settled and canned soft drinks
2C37  Flavoring  extracts and siruss, nee
209   Misc. fooos and kindred products
2091  Canned and cured seafoods
2092  Fresn or frozen packaged fish
2C95  Coasted coffee
2097  Manufactured  ic«
2093  Macaroni and  spaghetti
2C99  Food preparations, nee
21    Tobacco nanufactur«s
211   Cigarettes
2111  Cigarettes
212   Cigars
2121  Cigars
213   Chewing and  smoking  tcbacca
2131  Clewing and  smiting  tobacco
216   Tobacco stemming and  redrying
2141  Tobacco stemming and  redrying
22   Textile mill  products
221   Weaving mills, cotton
2211  Weaving nil Is, cotton
222   Weaving mills, synthetics
2221  Weaving mills, synthetics
223   Weaving and  finishing mills,  wool
2231  Weaving and  finishing mills,  wool
224   Marrow  fabric mills
2241  Narrow  fabric mills
225   Knitting mills
2251  Women's hosiery, except  socks
2252  Hosiery, nee
2253  Knit outerwear mills
2254  Knit underwear mills
2257  Circular  knit fabric mills
2253  warp knit  fabric mills
2259  Knitting  mills,  nee
226  Textile finishing,  except  wool
2261   Finishing plants,  cotton
 2262   Finishing plants,  synthetics
 2269   Finishing plants,  nee
 227   Floor covering mills
 2271   Woven carpets and rugs
 2272  Tufted carpets and rugs
 2279  Carpets and rugs,  nee
 228   Tarn and  thread mi I Is
 2281   Tarn mills, except wool
 2282  Throwing  and winding mills
 2283  Wool yarn mills
 2284  Thread mi I Is
E-4
229
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2259
23
231
2311
232
2321
2322
2323
2327
2323
2329
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
235
2351
2352
236
2361
2363
2369
237
2371
233
2381
2384
2335
2386
2337
2339
239
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2399
24
241
2411
242
2421
2426
2429
                    Miscellaneous textile goods
                    Felt  goods,  «xc.  woven felts 4 hats
                    Lace  gooca
                    Paddings  and upholstery filling
                    Processed textile waste
                    Coated  fabrics,  not rubberized
                    Tire  card and fabric
                    Monwoven  fabrics
                    Cordage and  twine
                    Textile goods,  nee
                    Aoparel and  other textile products
                    Men's and boys'  suits and saats
                                    suits and csats
                                    furnishings
                                    snicts and nigntwear
                                    underwear
                                    neckwear
                                    seoarace trousers
                                    work clotning
Men's and soys'
Hen's and boys'
Men's and boys'
Men's and boys'
Men's and soys'
Men's and soys'
Men's and boys'
Men's and boys' clothing,  nee
Women's and .Hisses' outerwear
Women's & .Hisses' blouses  i  -aisrs
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits  and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear,  nee
Women's and children's 'jrdergarments
Women's and en i I aren's uneeruear
Srassieres and  allied garments
Hats, caps, and millinery
Millinery
Hats and caps,  except millinery
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Children's coats and suits
Children's outerwear, nee
Fur goods
Fur goods
Miscellaneous apparel and  accessories
Fabric dress and work gloves
Robes and dressing gowns
Waterproof outergarments
Leather and sheep lined clothing
Apparel belts
Apparel and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Textile bags
Canvas and related products
Pleating and stitching
Automotive and  apparel trimmings
Schiffli machine emproideries
Fabricated textile products, nee
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps 4 logging contractors
Logging cams it logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills,  general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Special product sawmills,  nee

-------
243   Millwork, plywood & structural
2431  Hiltwort
2434  Wood kitchen cabinets
2435  Hardwood veneer and plywood
2636  Softwood v«n«er and plywood
2439  Structural wood meweers, n«c
244   Uood containers
2441  Mailed wood boxes and shook
2443  Uood pallets and skids
2449  Uood containers, nee
245   Uood buildings and mobile homes
2451  Mobile homes
2452  Prefabricated wood buildings
249   Miscellaneous wood products
2491  Uood preserving
2492  Particleboard
2499  Uood products, nee
25    Furniture and fixtures
251   Household furniture
2511  Uood household furniture
2512  Upholstered household furniture
2514  Metal household furniture
2515  Mattresses and bedsprings
2517  Wood tv and radio cabinets
2519  Household furniture, nee
252   Office furniture
2521  Uood office furniture
2522  Metal office furniture
252   Public building & related furniture
2531  Public building i related furniture
254   Partitions and fixtures
2541  Uood partitions and fixtures
2542  Metal partition* and fixtures
259   Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
2591  Drapery hardware £ btfnds 1 shades
2599  Furniture and fixtures, nee
26    Paper and allied products
261   Pulp mi Us
2611  Pulp oil Is
262   Paper mills, except building paper
2621  Paper mills, except building peper
263   Paperboard mills
2631  Paperboard mills
264   Misc. converted paper products
2641  Paper coating and glazing
2642  Envelopes
2643  Saga, except textile begs
2645  Die-cut paper and board
2646  Pressed and molded pulp goods
2647  Sanitary paper products
2648  Stationery products
2649  Converted peper products,  nee
265   Paperboard containers and boxes
2651  Folding paperboard boxes
2652  Set-up paperboard boxes
2653  Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
2654  Sanitary food containers
2655  Fiber cans, drums t similar products
266   Building paper and board mills
2661  Building paper and board mills
E-5
27    Printing and publishing
271   Newspapers
2711  Mewspapers
272   Periodicals
2721  Periodicals
273   Books
2731  Book publishing
2732  Book printing
274   Miscellaneous publishing
2741  Miscellaneous puolishing
275   Commercial printing
2751  Comnercial printing,  letterpress
2752  Ccnroercial printing,  I i t.hograpnic
2753  Engraving and plate printing
2754  Commercial printing,  gravure
276   Manifold business forms
2761  Manifold business forms
277   Greeting card publisning
2771  Greeting card puolishing
273   Blankbooks and bookbinding
2732  Blankbooks and looseleaf binders
2739  Bookbinding and related WOCK
279   Printing trade services
2791  Typesetting
2793  Photoengraving
2794  Etectrotyping and stereotyping
2795  Lithographic platemaking services
28    Oiesricals and allied  products
281   Industrial inorganic  chemicals
2812  AUalies and chlorine
2813  Industrial gases
2816  Inorganic pigments
2819  Industrial inorganic  chemicals, nee
282   Plastics materials and synthetics
2821  Plastics materials and resins
2822  Synthetic rubber
2823  Cellulosic man-made fibers
2824  Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283   Drugs
2831  Biological products
2833  Medicinals and botanicals
2834  Pharmaceutical preparations
284   Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841  Soap and other detergents
2842  Polishes and sanitation goods
2843  Surface active agents
2844  Toilet preparations
285   Paints and allied products
2851  Paints and allied products
286   Industrial organic chemicals
2861  Gun and wood chemicals
2865  Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869  Industrial organic chemicals, nee
287   Agricultural chemicals
2873  nitrogenous fertilizers
2874  Phosphat i c f erti I i zers
2875  Fertilizers, nixing only
2879  Agricultural chemicals, nee
289   Miscellaneous chemical products
2891  Adhesives and sealants

-------
2392  Explosives
2393  Printing ink
2395  Carbon black
2899  Chemical preparations, nee
29    Petroleum and coal products
291   Petroleua refining
2911  Petroleum refining
295   Paving and roofing materials
2951  Paving mixtures and blocks
2952  Asphalt felts and coatings
299   Misc. petroleum and coal products
2992  Lubricating oils and greases
2999  Petroleua and coal products, nee
30    Rubber and misc. plastics products
301   Tires and inner tubes
3011  Tires and inner tubes
302   Rubber and plastics footwear
3021  Rubber and plastics footwear
303   Reclaimed rubber
3031  Reclaimed rubber
304   Rubber and plastics hose and belting
3041  Rubber and plastics hose and belting
306   Fabricated rubber products, nee
3C69  Fabricated rubber products, nee
307   Miscellaneous plastics products
3079  Miscellaneous plastics products
31    Leather and leather products
511   Leather tanning and finishing
3111  Leather tanning and finishing
313   Footwear cut stock
3131  Footwear cut stock
314   Footwear, except rubber
3142  House slippers
3143  Men's footwear, except athletic
3144  Women's footwear, except athletic
3149  Footwear, except rubber, nee
315   Leather gloves and mittens
3151  Leather gloves and mittens
316   Luggage
3161  Luggage
317   Handbags and personal leather goods
3171  women's handbags and purses
3172  Personal leather goods, nee
319   Leather goods, nee
3199  Leather goods, nee
32    Stone, clay, and glass products
321   Flat glass
3211  Flat glass
322   Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
3221  Glass containers
3229  Pressed and blown glass, nee
323   Products of purchased glaaa
3231  Products of purchased glaaa
324   Cement, hydraulic
3241  Cement, hydraulic
325   Structural clay products
3251  Brick and structural clay  tile
3253  Ceramic wall and  floor  tile
3255  Clay refractories
3259  Structural clay products,  nee
E-6
326   Pottery and related products
3261  vitreous plowing fixtures
3262  vitreous china food utensils
3263  Fin* earthenware food utensils
3264  Porcelain electrical supplies
3269  Pottery products, nee
327   Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
3271  Concrete bloc* and brick
3272  Concrete products, nee
3273  Ready-nixed concrete
3274  Lime
3275  Gypsum products
323   Cut stcne ana stone products
3231  Cut stone and stone products
329   Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
3291  Abrasive products
3292  Asbestos products
3293  Gaskets, packing and sealing devices
3295  Minerals, ground or treated
3296  Mineral wool
3297  Monday refractories
3299  Nonmetallic Mineral products, nee
33    Primary metal industries
331   Slast furnace and aastc steal products
3312  3last furnaces and steel .Dills
3313  slectrometallurgical products
331S  Steel wire and related products
3316  Cold finishing of steel shapes
3317  Steel pip* and tubes
332   Iron and steel foundries
3321  Gray iron foundries
3322  Malleable iron foundries
3324  Steel investment foundries
3325  Steel foundries, nee
333   Primary nonferrous metals
3331  Primary copper
3332  Primary lead
3333  Primary zinc
3334  Primary aluminua
3339  Primary nonferrous metals, nee
334   Secondary nonferrous metals
3341  Secondary nonferrous metals
333   Nonferrous rolling and drawing
3351  Copper rolling and drawing
3353  Aluminua sheet, plate, and foil
3354  Aluminum extruded products
3355  Aluminum rolling and drawing, nee
3356  Nonferrous rolling and drawing,  nee
3357  Nonferrous wire drawing t  insulating
336   Nonferrous foundries
3361  Alujainua foundries
3362  9rass, bronze, and copper  foundries
3369  Nonferrous foundries, nee
339   Miscellaneous primary metal  products
3398  Metal heat treating
3399  Primary metal prooucts, nee
34    Fabricated metal products
341   Metal cans and shipping containers
3411  Metal cans
3412  Metal barrels, drum, and  pails

-------
342   Cutlery, hand toots, and hardware
3421  Cutlery
3423  Hand and eqga tools, nee
3425  Hand saws and saw blades
3429  Hardware, nee
343   Plumbing and heating, except electric
3431  Metal sanitary were
3432  Piloting fittings and brass goods
3433  Heating equipment, except electric
344   Fabricated structural metal products
3441  Fabricated structural metal
34A2  Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443  Fabricated plate work (boiler snaps)
34ii  Sheet metal work
3446  Architectural metal work
3443  Prefabricated .net a I buildings
3*49  Miscellaneous metal work
345   Screw macnine products, bolts, «cc.
3451  Screw machine prooucts
3452  3olts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346   Metal forcings and stampings
3462  Iron and steel forgings
3463  Monferrous forgings
3465  Automotive stampings
3466  Crowns and closures
3469  Metal stampings, nee
347   Metal services, nee
3471  Plating and polishing
3479  Metal costing and allied services
343   Ordnance and accessories, nee
3432  Small arms ammunition
3483  Anounition, exc. for small arms, nee
34*4  soil l arms
3489  Ordnance and accessories, nee
349   Misc. fabricated metal products
3493  Steal springs, except wire
3494  Velves and pipe fittings
3495  Wire springs
3496  Misc. fabricated wire products
3497  Metal foil and leaf
3498  Fabricated pipe and fittings
3499  Fabricated metal products, nee
35    Machinery, except electrical
351   Engines and turbines
3511  Turbines and turbine generator sets
3519  Internal combustion engines, nee
352   Fan and garden machinery
3523  Fans machinery and equipment
3524  Lawn and garden equipment
353   Construction and related machinery
3531  Construction machinery
3532  Mining machinery
3533  Oil field machinery
3534  Elevators and moving stairways
3535  Conveyors and conveying equipment
3536  Hoists, cranes, and monorails
3537  Industrial trucks and tractors
354   Metalworking machinery
3541  Machine tools, metal cutting types
3542  Machine tools, metal forming types
E-7
3544  Special dies, rools,  jigs 1  fixtures
3545  Machine tool accessories
3S46  Power driven hand tools
3547  Rolling mill machinery
3549  Metalworking machinery, nee
355   Special industry machinery
3551  Food products machinery
3552  Textile machinery
3553  Woodworking machinery
3554  Paper industries machinery
3555  Printing trades macninery
3559  Special industry nachinery,  nee
356   General industrial macninery
3561  Punps and pumping equipment
3562  3all and roller bearings
3563  Air and gas compressors
3564  3lowers and fans
3565  Industrial patterns
3566  Speed changers, drives, and  gears
3567  Industrial furnaces and ovens
3563  Power transmission equipment, nee
3569  General industrial machinery, nee
357   Office and computing machines
3572  Typewriters
3573  Electronic computing equiomenc
3574  Calculating and accounting .-nac.iines
3576  Scales and balances, «xe. laboratory
3579  Office machines, nee
358   Refrigeration and service nacninery
3581  Automatic merchandising machines
3582  Commercial laundry equipment
3585  Refrigeration and heating equipment
3586  Measuring and dispensing punps
3589  Service industry machinery,  nee
359   Misc. machinery, except electrical
3592  Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
3599  Machinery, except electrical, nee
36    Electric and electronic equipment
361   Electric distributing equipment
3612  Transformers
3613  Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
362   Electrical industrial apparatus
3621  Motors and generators
3622  Industrial controls
3623  Welding apparatus, electric
3624  Carbon and graphite products
3629  Electrical industrial apparatus, nee
363   Household appliances
3631  Household cooking equipment
3632  Household refrigerators and  freezers
3633  Household laundry equipment
3634  Electric housewares and fans
3635  Household vacuum cleaners
3636  Sewing machines
3639  Household appliances, nee
364   Electric lighting and wiring equipment
3641  Electric lamps
3643  Current-carrying wiring devices
3644  Honourrent-carrying wiring devices
3645  Residential lighting  fixtures

-------
3646  Commercial lighting fixtures
3647  Vehicular lighting equipment
3648  Lighting equipment, nee
365   Radio and tv receiving equipment
3651  Radio and tv receiving sets
3652  Phonograph records
366   Comnunication equipment
3661  Telephone and telegraph apparatus
3662  Radio and tv coomnication equipment
367   Electronic components and accessories
3671  Electron tubes, receiving type
3672  Cathode ray television picture tubes
3673  electron tubes, transmitting
3674  Semiconductors and related cevicas
3475  Electronic capacitors
3676  Electronic resistors
3677  Electronic coils and transformers
3678  Electronic connectors
3679  Electronic comccnents, nee
369   Misc. electrical equipment i supplies
3691  Storage batteries
3692  Primary batteries, dry and wet
3693  X-ray aoparatus and tubes
3694  Engine electrical equipment
3699  Electrical equipment 4 supplies, nee
37    Transportation equipment
371   Motor vehicles and equipment
3711  Motor vehicles and car boaies
3713  Truck and bus bodies
3714  Motor vehicle parts and accessories
3715  Truck trailers
3716  Motor Homes
372   Aircraft and parts
3721  Aircraft
3724  Aircraft engines and engine parts
3728  Aircraft equipment, nee
375   Ship and boat building and repairing
3751  Ship building and repairing
3752  Boat building and repairing
374   Railroad equipment
3743  Railroad equipment
375   Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts
3751  Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts
376   Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
3761  Guided misailas and space vehicles
3764  Space propulsion units and parts
3769  Space vehicle equipment, nee
379   Miscellaneous transportation equipment
3792  Travel trailers and campers
3795  Tanks and tank components
3799  Transportation equipment, nee
38    Instruments and related products
381   Engineering i scientific instruments
3811  Engineering & scientific instruments
382   Measuring and controlling devices
3822  Environmental controls
3823  Process control instruments
3824  Fluid meters and counting devices
382S  Instruments to measure electricity
3829  Measuring & controlling devices, nee
E-3
383   Optical instruments and  lenses
3232  Optical instruments and  lenses
384   Medical instruments and  supplies
3841  Surgical and radical instruments
3842  Surgical appliances and  supplies
3843  Dental equipment and supplies
38S   Ophthalmic goods
3851  Ophthalmic goods
326   Photographic equipment and supplies
3861  Photographic equipment and supplies
387   Watches, clocks, and uatchcases
3373  Watches, clocks, and watcncases
39    Miscellaneous manufacturing  ineustries
391   Jewelry, silverware, and plates ware
3911  Jewelry, precious -octal.
3914  Silverware and plated ware
3915  Jewelers'  materials t laoidary worfc
393   Musical instruments
3931  Musical instruments
394   Toys and sporting joods
3942  Soils
3944  Games, toys, and children's  venicles
3949  Sporting and athletic goods, nee
395   Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
3951  Pens and mechanical pencils
3952  Lead pencils and art goods
3953  Marking devices
3955  Carbon paper and inked ribbons
396   Costume jewelry and notions
3961  Costume jewelry
3962  Artificial flowers
3963  Buttons
3964  Needles, pins, and fasteners
399   Miscellaneous manufactures
3991  Brooms and brushes
3993  Signs and advertising displays
3995  Burial caskets
3996  Hard surface floor coverings
3999  Manufacturing industries, nee
E     Transportation and public utilities
40    Railroad transportation
401   Railroads
4411  Railroads, line-haul operating
4013  Switching and terminal services
41    Local and interurban passenger transit
411   Local and suburban transportation
4111  Local and suburban transit
4119  Local passenger transportation, nee
412   Taxicabs
4121  Taxicabs
413   Intercity highway  transportation
4131  Intercity highway  transportation
414   Transportation charter service
4141  Local passenger charter  service
4142  Charter service, except  local
415   School buses
4151  School buses
417   Sua  terminal  and service facilities
4171  Sua  terminal  facilities
4172  Sus  service facilities

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42    Trucking and warehousing
421   Trucking, local and long distance
4212  Local trucking, without storage
4213  Trucking, except local
4214  Local trucking and storage
422   Public warehouaing
4221  Farm product warehousing and storage
4222  (tefrigerated warehousing
4224  Household goods warehousing
4225  General warehousing and storage
4226  Special warehousing and storage, nee
423   Trucking terminal facilities
4231  Trucking terminal facilities
43    U.S. postal service
431   U.S. postal service
4311  U.S. postal service
44    Water transportation
441   Deep sea foreign transportation
4411  Deep sea foreign transportation
442   Deep sea domestic transportation
4421  Noncontiguous area transportation
4422  Coastwise transoortaticn
4423  Intercoastal transportation
443   Great lakes transportation
4431  Great lakes transportation
444   Transportation on rivers and canals
4441  Transportation on rivers and canals
445   Local water transportation
4452  Ferries
4453  Lighterage
4454  Towing and tugboat service
4459  Local water transportation, nee
444   Water transportation services
4443  Marine cargo handling
4464  Canal operation
4469  Water transportation services, nee
45    Transportation by air
451   Certificated air transportation
4511  Certificated air transportation
452   Moncertifloated air transportation
4521  Mooeertifloated air transportation
453   Air transportation service*
4582  Airports and flying fields
4583  Airport terminal services
44    Pipe lines, except natural gas
461   Pipe lines, except natural gas
4612  Crude petroleum pipe lines
4613  Refined petroleum pipe lines
4619  Pipe lines, nee
47    Transportation services
471   Freight forwarding
4712  Freight forwarding
472   Arrangement of transportation
4722  Passenger transportation arrangement
4723  Freight transportation arrangement
474   Rental of railroad cars
4742  Railroad car rental with service
4743  Railroad car rental without service
478   Miscellaneous transportation services
4782  Inspection and weighing services
           4783  Packing  and  crating
           4784  Fixed  facilities for vehicles, -we
           4789  Transportation services,  nee
           43    Communication
           481   Telephone conmunication
           4811  Telephone communication
           482   Telegraph communication
           4821  Telegraph comnunication
           483   Radio  and television broadcasting
           4832  Radio  broadcasting
           4833  Television broadcasting
           489   Communication services,  nee
           4899  Comnunication services,  nee
           49    Electric, gas,  and sanitary services
           491   Electric services
           4911  Electric services
           492   Gas production and distribution
           4922  Natural  gas  transmission
           4923  Gas transmission and distribution
           4924  Natural  gas  distribution
           4925  Gas production and/or distribution
           493   Combination  utility services
           4931  Electric and ather services comoined
           4932  Gas and  other services cotnoined
           4939  Combination  utility services,  nee
           494   Water  supply
           4941  water  supply
           495   Sanitary services
           4952  Sewerage) systems
           4953  *ei*use system
           4959  Sanitary services,  nee
           496   Steam  supply
           4961  Steam  supply
           497   Irrigation systems
           4971  Irrigation systems
           F     wholesale trade
E-9
50    Wholesale trade-durable goods
501   Motor vehicles & automotive equipment
5012  Automobiles and other motor vehicles
5013  Automotive parts and supplies
5014  Tires and tubes
502   Furniture and home furnishings
5021  Furni tur*
5023  Home furnishings
503   Lumber and construction materials
5031  Lumber, plywood and millwork
5039  Construction materials, nee
504   Sporting goods, toys and hobby goods
5041  Sporting and recreational goods
5042  Toys and hobby goods and supplies
5043  Photographic equipment and supplies
505   Metals and minerals, except petroleum
50S1  Metals service centers and offices
5052  Coal and other minerals and ores
506   Electrical goods
5063  Electrical apparatus and equipment
5064  Electrical appliances, tv and radios
5065  Electronic parts and equipment
507   Hardware, plunbing i heeting equipment
5072  Hardware

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5074  Plumbing i hydronic heating supplies
5075  Warn air heating 3, air conditioning
5073  Refrigeration equipment and supplies
503   Machinery, equipment, and supplies
5041  Commercial machines and equipment
5082  Construction and mining machinery
5083  Farm machinery and equipment
5084  Industrial machinery and equipment
508S  Industrial supplies
5084'  Professional equipment and supplies
5087  Service estaolishment equipment
50S8  Transportation equipment i suoplies
509   Miscellaneous durable goods
5093  Scrap and waste materials
5094  Jewelry, watches, & precious stones
5099  Durable goods, nee
51    Wholesale crade-nonduraole goods
511   Paper and paper products
5111  Printing and writing paper
5112  Stationery supplies
5113  Industrial t personal servica paper
512   Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
5122  Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
513   Apparel, piece goods and notions
5133  Piece goods
5134  Motions and other dry goods
5136  Hen's clothing and furnishings
5137  Woman's and children's clothing
5139  Footwear
514   Groceries and related products
5141  Groceries, general line
5142  Frozen foods
5143  Dairy products
5144  Poultry and poultry products
5145  Confectionery
514o  Fish and seafoods
5147  Meats and meat products
5148  Fresh fruits and vegetables
5149  Groceries and related products, nee
515   Farm-product raw materials
5152  Cotton
5153  Grain
5154  Livestock
5159  Farm-product raw materials, nee
516   Chemicals and allied products
5161  Chemicals and allied products
517   Petroleum and petroleum products
5171  Petroleum bulk stations & terminals
5172  Petroleum products, nee
518   Seer, wine, and distilled beverages
5181  3e«r and ale
5182  Wines and distilled beverages
519   Misc. nondurable goods
5191  Farm supplies
5194  Tobacco and tobacco products
5198  Paints, varnishes, and supplies
5199  Nondurable goods, nee
G     Retail  trade
52    Building materials S garden supplies
521   Lumber and other building materials
E-10
5211   Lumber and other building materials
523   Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
5231   Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
52S   Hardware stores
5251   Hardware stores
526   Retail nurseries and garden stores
5261   Retail nurseries and garden stores
527   Mobile home dealers
5271   Mobile hone dealers
53    General .nerchandise stores
531   Department stores
5311   Department stores
533   Variety stores
5331   Variety stores
539   Misc. general merchandise stores
5399  Misc. general merchandise stores
54    food stores
541   Grocery stores
5411   Grocery stores
542   Meat markets i freezer provisioners
5422  Freezer and locker meat provisioners
5423  Meat and fish (seafood) markets
543   Fruit stores and vegetable markets
5431   Fruit stores and vegetaole markets
544   Candy, nut, and confectionery stsrss
5441   Candy, nut, and confectionery stores
545   Dairy products stores
5451   Dairy products stores
546   Retail bakeries
5462  Retail bakeries-baking and selling
5463  Retail bakeries-selling only
549   Miscellaneous food stores
5499  Miscellaneous food stores
55    Automotive dealers i service stations
551   Mew and used car dealers
5511   New and used car dealers
552   Used car dealers
5521   Used car dealers
553   Auto and home suoply stores
5531   Auto and home supply stores
554   Gasoline service stations
5541  Gasoline service stations
555   3oat dealers
5551  Seat dealers
556   Recreation & utility trailer dealers
5561  Recreation & utility trailer dealers
557   Motorcycle dealers
5571  Motorcycle dealers
559   Automotive dealers, nee
5599  Automotive dealers, nee
56    Apparel and accessory  stares
561   Men's & boys' clothing i  furnishings
5611  Men's & boys' clothing &  furnishings
562   Women's ready-to-wear  stores
5621  Women's ready-to-wear  stores
563   Women's accessory  & specialty  stores
5631  Women's accessory  & specialty  stores
564   Children's and  infants' w«ar  stores
5641  Children's and  infants' wear  stores
565   Family clothing  stores

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 5651   Faarily clothing stores
 566   Shoe stores
 5661   Shoe store*
 568   Furriers  and fur shops
 5631   Furriers  and fur shop*
 569   Miscellaneous apparel  & accessories
 5699   Miscellaneous apparel  £ accessories
 57    furniture and hone furnishings store*
 571   furniture and home furnishings stores
 5712   Furniture stores
 5713   floor covering stores
 5714   Oraoery and  ijoholstery stores
 5719   Misc.  home furnishings stores
 572   Household appliance stores
 5772   Household appliance stares
 573   Radio,  television,  and music stores
 5732   Radio and television stores
 5733   Music stores
 56    Sating and drinking places
 531   Sating and drinking places
 5312   Sating places
 5313   Drinking  places
 59    Miscellaneous retail
 591   Drug stares  and proprietary stores
 5912   Drug stores  and proprietary stores
 592   Liquor stores
 5921   Liquor stores
 593   Used merchandise stores
 5931   Used merchandise stores
 594   Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
 5941   Sporting  goods and  bicycle shops
 5942   3ook stores
 5943   Stationery stores
 5944   jewelry stores
 5945   Hobby,  toy,  and game shops
 5946   Camera i  photographic  supply stares
 5947   Gift,  novelty,  and  souvenir shops
 5943   Luggage) and  leather goods stores
 5949   Sewing, needlework,  and piece goods
 596   Nonstore  retailers
 5961   Mail order houses
 5962   Merchandising machine  operators
 5963   Direct selling organizations
 598   fuel and  ice dealers
 5982   fuel and  ice dealers,  nee
 5983   fuel oil  dealers
 5984   Liquified petroleum gas dealers
 599   Retail  stores,  nee
 5992   florists
 5993   Cigar stores and stands
 5994   Mews dealers and newsstands
 5999   Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
 H      finance,  insurance,  and real estate
"SO    Banking
 601   federal  reserve banks
 6011   federal  reserve banks
 602   Commercial and stock savings banks
 6022   State banks, federal reserve
 6023   State banks, not fed.  reserve,  fdic
 6024   State banks,, not fed.  res., not fdic
E-n
6025  National banks, federal reserve
6026  National banks, not fed. res., fdic
6027  National banks, not fdic
6028  Private banks, not incorp., not  fdic
603   Mutual savings banks
6032  Mutual savings banks, fed.  reserve
6033  Mutual savings banks, nee
6034  Mutual savings banks, not  fdic
604   Trust companies, nondeposit
6042  Nondeposit trusts, federal  reserve
6044  Nondeoosit trusts, not fdic
605   Functions closely related  to barking
6052  Foreign exchange establisnments
6054  Safe deposit companies
6055  Clearingnouse associations
6056  Corporations for banking abroad
6059  Functions related :o banking, nee
61    Credit agencies other than oanics
611   Rediscount and financing institutions
6112  Rediscounting, not for agricultural
6113  Rediscounting. for agricultural
612   Savings and loan associations
6122  Federal savings i loan associations
6123  State associations, insured
6124  State associations, noninsured,  fhlb
6125  State associations, nomnsured,  nee
613   Agricultural credit institutions
6131  Agricultural credit institutions
614   Personal credit institutions
6142  Federal credit unions
6143  State credit unions
6144  Nondeposit industrial loan companies
6145  Licensed saall loan lenders
6146  Installment sales finance companies
6149  Misc. personal credit institutions
615   Business credit institutions
6153  Short-tern business credit
6159  Misc. business credit institutions
616   Mortgage bankers and brokers
6162  Mortgage bankers and correspondents
6163  Loan brokers
62    Security, commodity brokers S services
621   Security brokers and dealers
6211  Security brokers and dealers
622   Commodity contracts brokers, dealers
6221  Commodity contracts brokers, dealers
623   Security and commodity exchanges
6231  Security end comnodity exchanges
628   Security and coonodity services
6281  Security and commodity services
63    Insurance carriers
631   Life  insurance
6311  Life  insurance
632   Medical service and health  insurance
6321  Accident and health insurance
6324  Hospital and radical service plans
633   fire, marine, and casualty insurance
6331  fire, marine, and casualty  insurance
635   Surety  insurance
6351  Surety  insurance

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636   Title insurance
6361  Title insurance
637   Pension, health, and welfare  funds
6371  Pension, health, and welfare  funds
639   Insurance carriers, nee
6399'  Insurance carriers, nee
64    Insurance agents, brokers, &  service
641   Insurance agents, brokers, &  service
6411  Insurance agents, brokers, i  service
65    Real estate
651   Real estate operators and  lessors
6512  "Presidential building ooerators
6513  Apartment building operators
6514  Dwelling operators, exc. apartments
6515  Mobile home site operators
6517  Railroad prooerty lessors
65'9  Real property lessors, nee
653   Real estate agents and managers
6531  Real estate agents and managers
654   Title abstract offices
6541  Title abstract offices
655   Subdividers and developers
6552  Subaividers and developers, nee
6553  Cemetery subdividers and developers
66    Cjmoined real estate, insurance, etc
661   Combined real estate, insurance, etc
6611  Comoined real estate, insurance, etc
67    Holding and other investment offices
671   Holding offices
6711  Holding offices
672   investment offices
6722  Management investment, open-end
6723  Management investment, closed-end
6724  Unit investment, trusts
6725  Face-amount certificate offices
673   Trusts
6732  Educational, religious,  etc. trusts
6733  Trusts,  nee
679   Miscellaneous investing
6792  Oil royalty traders
6793  Comodity traders
6794  Patent owners and lessors
6798  Real Estate Investment Trusts
6799  Investors, nee
1     Services
70    Hotels and other lodging  places
701   Hotels,  motels, and tourist courts
7011  Hotels,  motels, and tourist courts
702   Rooming and boarding houses
7021  Rooming and boarding houses
703   Camps and trailering parks
7032  Sporting and recreational camps
7033  Trailering parks for transients
704   Membership-basis organization hotels
7041  Membership-best's organization hotels
72    Personal services
721   Laundry, cleaning, S, garment services
7211  Power laundries, family & coomercial
7212  Garment pressing J cleaners' agents
7213  Linen supply
E-12
7214  Diaper service
7215  Coin-operated laundries and cleaning
7216  Dry cleaning plants, except rug
7217  Carpet and upholstery cleaning
7213  Industrial launderers
7219  Laundry and garment services, nee
722   Photographic studios, portrait
7221  Photographic studios, portrait
723   Seauty shops
7231  Seauty shops
724   Barber shops
7741  Barber shops
725   Shoe reoair and hat cleaning shops
7251  Shoe repair and hat cleaning sncps
726   Funeral service and crematories
7261  Funeral service and crematories
729   Miscellaneous personal services
7259  Miscellaneous personal services
73    Business services
731   Advertising
7311  Advertising agencies
7312  Outdoor advertising services
7313  Radio, tv, publisher representatives
7319  Advertising, nee
732   Credit reporting and collection
7321  Credit reporting and collection
733   Mailing, reproduction, stenograpntc
7331  Direct mail advertising services
7332  Blueprinting and pnotocopying
7333  Commercial photography and art
7339  Stenographic and reproduction, nee
734   Services to buildings
7341  Window cleaning
7342  Disinfecting and exterminating
7349  Building maintenance services, nee
735   Mews syndicates
73S1  News syndicates
736   Personnel supply services
7361  Employment agencies
7362  Temporary help supply services
7369  Personnel supply services, nee
737   Computer and data processing services
7372  Computer programming and software
7374  Data processing services
7379  Computer related services, nee
739   Miscellaneous business services
7391  Research & development laboratories
7392  Management and public relations
7393  Detective and protective services
7394  Equipment rental and  leasing
7395  Photofinishing laboratories
7396  Trading stamp services
7397  Commercial  testing  laboratories
7399  Business  services,  nee
75    Auto  repair, services, and garages
751   Automotive  rentals,  without  drivers
7512  Passenger ear rental  and  leasing
7513  Truck  rental and  leasing
 7519  Utility trailer  rental
 752  Automobile  parking

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7523  Parking lota
7323  Parking structure*
773   Automotive repair shops
7531  Top and body repair shops
7534  Tire retreading and repair shop*
7535  Paint shop*
7538  General automotive repair shops
7539  Automotive repair shops, nee
754   Automotive services, except repair
7542  Car washes
7549  Automotive services, nee
76    Miscellaneous repair services
762   Electrical repair shoos
7622  Radio and television repair
7623  Refrigeration service and repair
7629  Electrical repair shops, r.ec
763   Watch, clock, and jewelry repair
7631  Watch, clock, and jewelry repair
764   Reupnolstery and furniture repair
7641  Reupnolstery and furniture repair
769   Miscellaneous repair shops
7692  Welding repair
7694  Armature rewinding shops
7699  Repair services, nee
78    Motion pictures
731   Motion picture production i services
7313  Motion picture production, except tv
7814  Motion picture production for tv
7319  Services allied to notion pictures
782   Motion picture distribution & services
7823  Motion picture film exchanges
7324  Film or tap* distribution for tv
7829  Motion picture distribution services
783   Motion picture theaters
7332  Motion picture theaters, ex drive-in
7833  Drive-in notion picture theaters
79    Amusement & recreation services, nee
791   Dane* halls, studios,  and schools
7911  Oanca halls, studios,  and schools
792   Producers, orchestras,  entertainers
7922  Theatrical producers and services
7929  Entertainers & entertainment group*
793   Bowling and billiard establishments
7932  Billiard and pool establishments
7933  Sowling alley*
794   Conaereial sports
7941  Sports clubs, managers, & promoters
7944  Racing, including track operation
799   Misc. amusement, recreational service*
7992  Public golf course*
7993  Cain-operated amusement device*
7996  Amusement parks
7997  Membership sports & recreation clubs
7999  Amusement and recreation, nee
80    Health service*
301   Offices of physicians
3011  Offices of physicians
302   Office* of dentists
3021  Offices of dentists
303   Office* of osteopathic physicians
E-13
8031  Office* of osteopathic physicians
804   Office* of other health practitioners
3041  Offices of chiropractors
3042  Offices of optometrists
3049  Office* of health practitioners, nee
305   Nursing and personal care  facilities
3051  Skilled nursing care facilities
3059  Nursing and personal care, nee
806   Hospitals
3062  General medical I surgical hospitals
3063  Psychiatric hospitals
2069  Specialty hospitals, «xc psychiatric
307   Medical and dental  laooratories
3071  Medical laboratories
3072  Dental laboratories
308   Outpatient care facilities
3081  Outpatient care facilities
309   Health and allied services, nee
3091  Health and allied services, nee
31    Legal services
311   Legal services
3111  Legal services
32    Educational services
321   Elementary and secondary schools
3211  Elementary and secondary scnools
322   Colleges and universities
3221  College* and universities, nee
a??3  Junior calleges
323   Libraries and information  centers
3231  Libraries and information  centers
324   Correspondence and vocational schools
3241  Correspondence schools
3243  Data processing schools
3244  Business and secretarial schools
3249  Vocational schools, nee
829   Schools 4 educational services, nee
3299  Schools & educational services, nee
83    Social services
832   Individual and family services
8321  Individual and family services
333   Job training and related services
8331  Job training and related services
835   Child day care services
8351  Child day care services
836   Residential care
8361  Residential car*
839   Social services, nee
3399  Social services, nee
84    Museums, botanical, zoological gardens
841   Museuas and art galleries
3411  Museums and art galleries
842   Botanical and zoological gardens
8421  Botanical and zoological gardens
86    Membership organizations
861   Business association*
3611  Business associations
362   Professional organizations
8621  Professional organizations
863   Labor organizations
8631  Labor organizations

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364   Civic and social association*
3641  Civic and social associations
365   Political organizations
3651  Political organizations
366   Religious organizations
3661  Religious organizations
369   Membership organizations, n*c
3699  Membership organizations, nee
38    Private households
331   Private households
3311  Private housenolds
39    Miscellaneous services
391   Engineering 4 architectural services
3911  Engineering 1 architectural services
392   noncommercial research organizations
3922  Noncommercial research organizations
393   Accounting, auditing, i bookkeeoing
3931  Accounting, auditing, & bookkeeping
399   Services, nee
3999  Services, nee
J     »ublic administration
91    Executive, legislative, and general
911   Executive offices
9111  Executive offices
712   legislative boaies
9121  Legislative bodies
913   Executive and legislative comoined
9131  Executive and legislative combined
919   General government, nee
9199  General government, nee .
92    Justice, public order, and safety
921   Courts
9211  Courts
922   Public order and safety
9221  Police protection
9222  Legal counsel and prosecution
9223  Correctional institutions
9224  Fire protection
9229  Public order and safety, nee
93    Finance, taxation, i monetary policy
931   Finance, taxation, £ monetary policy
9311  Finance, taxation, i monetary policy
94    Adaininistration of human resources
941   Admin, of educational program
9411  Adnrin. of educational program
943   Adain. of public health program
9431  Adain. of public health program
944   Adain. of social t manpower program
9441  Adain. of social t manpower programs
945   Administration of veterans' affairs
9451  Adninistration of veterans' affairs
95    Environmental quality and housing
951   Environmental quality
9511  Air,  water & solid waste management
9512  Land,  mineral, wildlife conservation
953   Housing  and urban development
9531  Housing  programs
9532  Urban and coomunity  development
96   Administration of  economic  programs
961   Acttin.  of general  economic  programs
             9611  Admin, of general economic programs
             962   Regulation, admin, of transportation
             9621  Regulation, adnin. of transportation
             963   Regulation, admin, of utilities
             9631  Regulation, aonin. of utilities
             964   Regulation of agricultural marketing
             9641  Regulation of agricultural marketing
             965   Regulation misc. commercial  sectors
             9651  Regulation misc. ccomercial  sectors
             966   Space research and technology
             9661  Space reseerch and technology
             97    National security and intl.  affairs
             771   national security
             9711  national security
             972   International affairs
             9721  International affairs
             t     Honelassifiaole  establ isnmenta
             99    Mcnclassiliable  estaalisnments
             999  Honclassifiable estaalishments
             9999  Nortelassifiaole estaoI isnments
E-14

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          APPENDIX F



SOURCE CATEGORY/POLLUTANT INDEX

-------
                                 APPENDIX F
                       SOURCE CATEGORY/POLLUTANT INDEX

     This appendix presents several tables that match source category and
toxic air pollutant.  The material is excerpted from an EPA document
(EPA 625/6-86-Olla) entitled "Evaluation of Control Technologies for
Hazardous Air Pollutants, Volume 1, Technical Report."
     The tables are presented by source category (solvent usage,
metallurgical industry, etc.).  In addition to listing toxic air pollutants,
the tables also list some specific sources of the pollutants (dryers,
reactors, furnaces, kettles, filters, etc.) within each source category.
     This information is presented to assist agencies that do not choose to
or are not able to use pollutant/Sic or Sic/pollutant indices.  The data may
also be useful in cases where Sic/pollutant indices are not specific>enough
or are too specific.
     As is true of the other indices presented in these Appendices, these
data do not define the quantity of pollutant emitted.  Quantities emitted
may range from trace amounts to tons per year.
                                    F-l

-------
           TABLE  F-l   POTENTIAL MAP'S FOR SOLVENT USAGE OPERATIONS

Source Category
Solvent Degreasing
Dry Cleaning
Graphic Artsa
Waste Solvent Reclaiming
SCb-Flatwood Paneling0
SC-Machineryd
SC-Appliancese
SC-Metal Furniture
SC-Auto/Truckf
SC- Fabrics
SC-Cans9
SC-Paper, Tapes, Labels
Magnetic Tape Coating
SC-Electrical Insulation
SC-Marine Vessels*1
Vinyl 4 Acrylic Coatings1
SC-Wood Furniture
SC-Trans. Vehicles-}
Machine Lubricants
Rubber Tire Manufacturing
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Organic Inorganic
Vapor Particulate Vapor Particulate
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X >
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
References
pg. F-30
2,3,4,15
3,5,9,15
3,5,6,15
5
1,5,6
1,7
1,5
1,12
1,5,12
5,15
1,5,6,8
1,5,13
10,11
1,15
1,3,20
3,16
1,17
1,20
33
34

aCategory incl
bSC:  surface
GCategory incl
Category incl
eCategory incl
f Category incl
9Category incl
^Category incl
1 Category incl
JCategory incl
udes flexography,  lithography,  offset printing,  and textile printing.
coating.
udes coating of other flat stock.
udes coating of misc. metal  parts, machinery,  and equipment.
udes all categories of appliances: large and small.
udes coating of automobiles  and light-duty trucks.
udes surface coating of coils,  cans, containers, and closures.
udes coating and maintenance of marine vessels.
udes vinyl, acrylic, and nitrocellulose coatings.
udes coating of trucks, buses,  railroad cars,  airplanes, etc.
                                     F-2

-------
        TABLE F-2  EMISSION SOURCES FOR SOLVENT USAGE OPERATIONS
                                      Potential HAP Emission Sources
Source Cateyory
»
Solvent Deyreasing
Dry Cleaning
Graphic Arts
Waste Solvent Reclaiming
SC-Flatwood Paneling
SC-Machinery
SC-Appliances
SC-Metal Furniture
SC- Auto/Truck
SC-Fabrics
SC-Cans
SC-Paper, Tapes, Labels
Magnetic Tape Coating
SC-Electrical Insulation-
SC-Marine Vessels
Vinyl & Acrylic Coatings
SC-Wood Furniture
SC-Trans. Vehicles
Machine Lubricants
Rubber Tire Manufacturing
Process
Point
C
F
F
N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
F
0

0
0


F
Process
Fugitive
A,B,D
E.G.H.I
L,M,N
I
L,P
Q,R
Q,R
Q,R
S,R
D,K,Q,R,T
Q,U
B,I,Q,T
I.Q.T
Q

L,P
S.R.T
S,R

I,V,W
Area
Fugitive
K
J,K

J,K










Q



Q


Source Key

A -' bath evaporation
B - solvent transfer
C - ventilation
0 - waste solvent disposal
E - washer
F - drying
G - still, filtration
H - cooker
I - solvent storage
J - pipes, flanges, pumps
K - transfer areas
L - rollers
M - ink fountains
N - condenser
0 - oven
P - coaters
Q - application area
R - flashoff area
S - spray booth
T - solvent/coating mixing
U - quench area
V - green tire spraying
W - sidewalI/tread end/undertread
    cementing
                                 F-3

-------
TABLE F-3  POTENTIAL HAP'S FOR METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES

Source 'Category
Primary Aluminum Production
Primary Cadmium Production
Metallurgical Coke c
w
Primary Copper Smelting
Ferroalloy Production
Iron and Steel Production
Primary Lead Smelting
Primary Zinc Smelting
Manganese Production
Nickel Production
Secondary Aluminum Operations
Secondary Copper Operations
(Brass and Bronze Production)
Gray Iron Foundries
Secondary Lead Smelting
Steel Foundries
Secondary Zinc Processing
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Organic Inorganic
Vapor Particulate Vapor Particulate
1 1
i
,h,m,s,u, r d,C a,e,f,g,i,n,
,z,A,B,D o,p,q,t,v
r a,l a.e.i.k,
n,o,t,x
r i,j,k,n,p,
q,v,x
r 1 f,i,j,k,n,
P.q.v.x
r a,l a.e.i.k,
n,o,t
r a,l a,i ,k,n,
o,t,x
r p
r a,l a,i,n,q,t,x
1 l,q
r x i ,k ,n,
q,t,x
b,c,m, r a,f,g,i,j,
s,u,w k,n,o,p,q,
v,x,y
r a,n-,p,t
a.j.g,
p»q,y
x i,o,q,t,x
References
pg. F-30
5,23,25
36
5,24,25,27,
28,31,35,36
5,18,23,24,25
30,31,32,36
5,19,21,22,
24,25,27,30,
32,35
5,23,24,25,
26,30,32,35,36
5,18,23,24,
25,30,32,36
5,18,23,24,
25,30,31,32,36
23,24,26,35
23,24,35
5,27
5,23,25,27,
30,32
5,21,23,24
25,26,27,30,
32,35
5,21,23,24,25
5,24,25,26,
27,35
5,24,25,27,37
                                                   (Continued)
                          F-4

-------
                 TABLE F-3  POTENTIAL MAP'S FOR METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES
                                      (concluded)
  Source Category
                  Hazardous Air Pollutants

                Organic           Inorganic       References
           Vapor  Particulate Vapor  Particulate    pg. F-30
Lead Acid Battery Production
Cadmium-Nickel Battery Prod.
Dry Battery Production
Misc. Lead Products
n n 5,30
i.n 24,27,35
p 24,26,35
n e,n 5

Pollutant Key

a - arsenic
b - acrolein
c - acetaldehyde
d - ammonia
e - antimony
f - barium
g - beryllium
h - benzene
i - cadmium
j - chromium
k - copper
1 - fluoride
m - formaldehyde
n - lead >
o - mercury
p - manganese
q - nickel
r - polycyclic organic
       matter (POM)
s - phenol
t - selenium
u - toluene
v - vanadium
w - xylene
x - zinc
y - iron
z - cresols
A - cyanides
B - pyridine
C - hydrogen sulfide
D - methyl mercaptan
                                          F-5

-------
TABLE F-4   EMISSION SOURCES FOR METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES

Potential HAP Emission Sources
Source Category
Primary Aluminum Production
Primary Cadmium Production
Metallurgical Coke
Primary Copper Smelting
Ferroalloy Production
Iron and Steel Production
Primary Lead Smelting
Primary Zinc Smelting
Manganese Production
Nickel Production
Secondary Aluminum Operations
Secondary Copper Operations
Gray Iron Foundries
Secondary Lead Smelting
Steel Foundries
Secondary Zinc Processing
Lead Acid Battery Production
Cadmium-Nickel Battery Prod.
Dry Battery Production
Misc. Lead Products
Process Process
Point Fugitive
A, J,M,N,R H,K,D
J,E 0,P
B C,0,X
F.J.T G,H,K,0,P,X
J H,K,0,P
B.J.V C,H,K,0,X
J,V H.K.O.P
E.J.T.S 0
J H,K,M,P
A/ J.M.T P
J H.K.P
J H,K,P
J,Y H,K,G,P
J H,K,P
J,Y G,H,K,P
J.E.S H,K,L,P
0,P
V N,0
M,N,0
G.O.P
Area
Fugitive
N.Q.U.Z
N,Z
N.O.Q.U
N,Q,U,W,Z
N,Q,W
0,N,Q,U,W,Z
N,Q,U,W,Z
N,Q,U,W,Z
N,0,Z
N.Q.Z
U
U
U
U,Q
U
U





Source Key
A - calciner
B - coke oven
C - coke oven charging/pushing
D - coke quenching
E - condenser
F - converter
G - converter charging/ etc.
H - furnace tapping
J - furnace
K - furnace charging
L - galvanizing vessel
M - material crusher/mill
N - material storage and
0 - material preparation
P - metal casting
g - outdoor storage pile
R - reduction eel 1
S - retort
T - roaster
U - service road
V - sintering machine
W - slag dumping
X - vessel leakage
Y - foundry mold & core
Z - mining operations
handling
decomposition
                          F-6

-------
              TABLE  F-5    EMISSION SOURCES FOR THE SOCMI3

-
Source Category
(Generic Source)
Storage and Handling
Reactor Processes
Separation Processes
Fugitives
Potential HAP Emission Sources
Process Process
Point Fugitive
A
E,F G
F,L G.M.N
G,M,N
(Specific)
Area
Fugitive^
8,C,0
C,D,H
I.J.K
K
8,C,D,H,I
J,K,M,N,0

aSources:  References 14, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43.

bGroups of small point sources (e.g., valves, compressors, pumps, etc.)
 at a SOCMI plant are considered as area fugitive sources in this manual
Source Key

A - storage, transfer, and handling
B - spills
C - valves
0 - flanges
E - reactors
F - product recovery devices
    (absorber, adsorber,
     condenser)
G - process drains
H - pumps
I - compressors
J - sampling lines
K - pressure relief devices
L - separation devices
    (distillation column,
     absorber, crystalizer,
     dryer, etc.)
M - hotwel1
N - accumulator
0 - cooling tower
                                     F-7

-------
TABLE F-6   POTENTIAL HAP'S FOR INORGANIC CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRY

Hazardous Air Pollutants
Source Category Inorganic
Vapor Particulate
Al uminum chloride f ,1
Aluminum fluoride s
Ammonia a
Ammonium acetate a
Ammonium-nitrate, sulfate a
thiocyanate, formate, tartrate
Ammonium phosphate a,s
Antimony oxide g
Arsenic-disulfide, iodide d d >
pent afluo ride, thioarsenate
tribromide, trichloride,
trifluoride, trioxide
orthoarsenic acid
Barium-carbonate, chloride h
hydroxide, sulfate, sulfide
Beryllium-oxide, hydroxide i
Boric acid and Borax k
Bromine j,l
Cadmium (pigment) -sulfide q
sulfoselenide, lithopone
Calcium-carbide, arsenate e,s d
phosphate
Chlorine 1 B
Chlorosulfonic acid u,K
Chromic acid n m,n
References
pg. F-30
25
25
5,25,44
25
25,45,46
25
25
15,47
25,48
15,24,25
25
25
15,25,49
15,24,25,47
5,25,29,49
25
22,24,25
(continued)
                                    F-8

-------
TABLE F-6  POTENTIAL HAP'S  FOR  INORGANIC  CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRY
                            (continued)
Source Category
Chromium-acetate, borides
halides etc.
Chromium (pigment) -oxide
Cobalt-acetate, carbonate
halides, etc.
Copper sulfate
Fluorine
Hydrazine
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Iodine (crude)
Iron chloride
Iron (pigment)-oxide
Lead-arsenate, halides
hydroxides, dioxide,
nitrate
Lead chromate
Lead (pigments) -oxide
carbonate, sulfate
Manganese dioxide
(Potassium permanganate)
Manganese sulfate
Mercury-halides, nitrates,
oxides
Nickel -halides, nitrates,
oxides
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Inorganic
Vapor Particulate
in
m
0
P
s
a,P
U,V V
s
1 0
1 ,V V
Q
e d,x
y
X
A z
z
B
C
References
t pg. F-30
15,22,24,25
15,22,24,25
25
25,32
25
25
5,25
5,25
25
25
25
15,24,25,30,47
25
5,25,30
15,24,25,26,35
15,24,25,26,35
15,24,25,29,31
15,24,25,27
                                                             (continued)
                                     F-9

-------
TABLE F-6    POTENTIAL MAP'S FOR INORGANIC  CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRY
                                (continued)

Source Category
Nickel sulfate
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
Wet Process -
Thermal Process -
Phosphorus
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus trichloride
Potass ium-bi chromate ,
chromate
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium arsenate
Sodium carbonate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chromate-
di chromate
Sodium hydrosulfide
Sodium-si 1 icofl uoride,
fluoride
Sulfuric acid
Sulfur monochloride-
dichloride
Zinc chloride
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Inorganic
Vapor Particulate
D C
E E
d,G,t G
s
1
H,F F
I.l.F F
r r
1 B
d
a
1
r r
t
s
J,K J
1
M,x x
References
pg. F-30
15,24,25,27
5,25,50
5,15,23,25
25
25
25
25
22,24,25
15,24,25
15,25,47
5,25,51
25
22,24,25
25
25
5,25,52,53
25
25
(continued)
                                     F-10

-------
TABLE  F-6
POTENTIAL HAP'S FOR INORGANIC CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
                   (concluded)
                                Hazardous Air Pollutants
Source Category
Zinc chromate (pigment)
Zinc oxide (pigment)
Inorganic
Vapor Particulate
L
N
References
P9 F-30
25
25

Pollutant Key

a - ammonia
d - arsenic
e - arsenic trioxide
f - aluminum chloride
g - antimony trioxide
h - barium salts
i - beryllium
j - bromine
k - boron salts
1 - chlorine
m - chromium salts
n - chromic acid mist
o - cobalt metal fumes
p - copper sulfate
           q - cadmium salts         E
           r - chromates (chromium)  F
           s - fluorine              G
           t - hydrogen sulfide      H
           u - hydrogen chloride     I
           v - hydrochloric acid     J
           x - lead                  K
           y - lead chromate         L
           z - manganese salts       M
           A - manganese dioxide     N
           B - mercury               0
           C - nickel                 P
           0 - nickel  sulfate        Q
nitric acid mist
phosphorus
phosphoric acid mist
phosphorus pentasulfide
phosphorus trichloride
sulfuric acid mist
sulfur trioxide
zinc chromate
zinc chloride fume
zinc oxide fume
iodine
hydrazine
iron oxide
                                    F-ll

-------
TABLE F-7 EMISSION  SOURCES  FOR  INORGANIC  CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRY

Source Category
Aluminum chloride
Aluminum fluoride
Ammonia
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium-nitrate, sulfate
thiocyanate, formate, tartrate
Ammonium phosphate
Antimony oxide
Arsenic-di'sulfide, iodide
pentafluoride, thioarsenate
tribromide, trichloride,
trifluoride, trioxide,
orthoarsenic acid
Barium-carbonate, chloride
hydroxide, sulfate, sulfide
Beryllium-oxide, hydroxide
Boric acid and Borax
Bromine
Cadmium (pigment) -sulfide
Sulfoselenide, lithopone
Calcium-carbide, arsenate
phosphate
Chlorine
Chlorosulfonic acid
Chromic acid
Potential
Process
Point
X
X
B.D.E
X
C.F.I.L

X
X
H,U




C,£,G,I,L,U

X
X
X
X

H

H,C
X
H
HAP Emission Sources
Process Area
Fugitive Fugitive
X
X
K J,S
X
Q

X
X
K,Q,T J.S




N,P,Q,T

X
X
X
X

K,P

K,R J
X
K,N,0,Q J,S
(continued)
                                    F-12

-------
TABLE F-7  EMISSION SOURCES FOR INORGANIC CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
                               (continued)

Source Category
Chromium-acetate, borides
halides, etc.
Chromium (pigment) -oxide
Cobalt-acetate, carbonate
halides, etc.
Copper sulfate
Fluorine
Hydrazine
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Iodine (crude)
Iron chloride
Iron (pigment) - oxide
Lead-arsenate, halides
hydroxides, dioxide,
nitrate
Lead chromate
Lead (pigments) -oxide
carbonate, sulfate
Manganese dioxide
(Potassium permanganate)
Manganese sulfate
Mercury-halides, nitrates,
oxides
Nickel -halides, nitrates,
oxides
Potential
Process
Point
X

X

X
X
X
X
B
8,6
X
X
X
G,L


G.R
G,R

G.L

G,L
X



HAP Emission
Process
Fugitive
X

X

X
X
X
X

K,R
X
X
X
P,Q


P,Q
P,Q

Q.P.T

Q.P.T
X

P,0

Sources
Area
Fugitive


























                                                               cont:nued)
                                      F-13

-------
TABLE F-7   EMISSION SOURCES  FOR  INORGANIC CHEMICAL  MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRY
                                 (continued)

Source Category
Nickel sulfate
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
Wet Process -
Thermal Process -
Phosphorus
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus trichloride
Potassium-bichromate,
chromate
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium arsenate
Sodium carbonate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chromate-
di chromate
Sod-ium hydrosulfide
Sodl im-si 1 icof 1 uoride,
fluoride
Sulfuric acid
Sulfur monochloride-
dichloride
Zinc chloride
Potential
Process
Point
L
B,H

H,C,W
B.G
X
X
X
X
I

X
H
I.L.V
X
G.I.L.M

X
X

A.B.C.H
X

X
HAP Emission
Process
Fugitive
Q,T
K,N,R

K.N.P.T
K,N,R,T
X
X
X
X


X
K,P
P
X
P,Q

X
X

K,R
X

X
Sources
Area
Fugitive

J.S

J,S
J,s















J,S



                                                              (continued)
                                  F-14

-------
TABLE F-7   EMISSION SOURCES FOR INORGANIC CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
                               (concluded)
                                    Potential HAP Emission Sources
   Source Category
Process
Point
Process
Fugitive
 Area
Fugitive
Zinc chromate (pigment)

Zinc oxide (pigment)
                  X

                  X
Source Key

A - converter
B - absorption tower
C - concentrator
D - desulfurizer
E - reformer
F - neutralizer
G - kiln
H - reactor
I - crystal lizer
J - compressor and pump seals
K - storage tank vents
L - dryer
M - leaching tanks
        N - filter
        0 - flakers
        P - mil ling/grinding/crushing
        Q - product handling and
            packaging
        R - cooler (cooling tower,
            condenser)
        S - pressure relief valves
        T - raw  material  unloading
        U - purification
        V - calciner
        W - hot  well
        X - no information
                                    F-15

-------
          TABLE  F-8    POTENTIAL HAP'S FOR THE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY

Source Category
Carbon Black
Charcoal
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paint & Varnish
Pharmaceutical
Plastics
Printing Ink
Pesticides
Soap and Detergents
Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic Rubber
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Organic Inorganic
Vapor Particulate Vapor Participate
n,o,u,P,x 0 a a,g,j ,k,B,C,K
d,w,D 0
w
w,z,R W
P.v.E.T f,B,Q,V
q,r,E,H,T B
w,G,I,M,P,X,Y,Z
b,p,A,P,T,S
i,p,q,r,t,y, S
F.J.M.U,
h,H 0 a a,e
c,h,m,n,s,
w.F.L.N.P,
T,x
c,l,r,t,v, 0
G.H.I.J.T.W
References
P9 F-30
15,24,25
15,24,25,54
24,35
5,15,24,
35,55
15,23,24,35
15,24,35,
56,57,58
15,24,25,35,59
5,15,24,35
15,24,35,
57,58,60
23,24,35
15,24,25,
35,61
15,24,25,
35,61,62

Pollutant Key (see next page).
                                                                  (continued)
                                      F-16

-------
  TABLE  F-8    POTENTIAL HAP'S FOR THE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS  INDUSTRY
                            (concluded)
Pollutant Key

a - arsenic
b - acrolein
c - acrylonitrile
d - acetic acid
e - boron
f - barium
g - beryllium
h - benzene
i - cresols
j - cadmium
k - chromium
1 - chloroprene
m - caprolactum
n - carbon disulfide
o - carbonyl sulfide
p - carbon tetrachloride
q - chloroform
r - dichlorobenzene
s - dimethylformamide
t - dimethyl amine
u - ethylene
v - ethylene dichloride
w - formaldehyde
x - hydrogen sulfide
y - hexachlorocyclopentadiene
z - hydrogen fluoride
A - ketones
8 - mercury
C - manganese
D - methanol
E - methyl chloroform
      (1,1,1-trichloroethane)
F - maleic anhydride
G - butadiene, 1,3-
H - morpholine
I - methylene chloride
J - nitrosomines
K - nickel
L - perchloroethylene
M - phosgene
N - phthalic anhydride
0 - polycyclic organic matter
P - phenol
Q - selenium
R - silicontetrafluoride
S - terpenes
T - toluene
U - xylene
V - zinc
W - ammonia
X - vinyl chloride
Y - toluene diisocyanate
Z - pyridine
                                   F-17

-------
TABLE F-9   EMISSION SOURCES FOR THE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY


Source Category

Carbon Black
Charcoal
Explosives
Fertilizers D
Paint and Varnish
Potential
Process
Point
B,H
E
A,C,H
,H,R,S,V
N,0
Pharmaceutical A,H,U,W
Plastics
Printing Ink
Pesticides
Soap and Detergents
Synthetic Fibers A

Synthetic Rubber A
A,P,V
Q
A,H,0,X
M,N,0
,H,J,0,U,
v,x,z
,H,0,P,X,Z
HAP Emission Sources
Process Area
Fugitive Fugitive
G,K,L I

K
K.T
L
G,L F
K,L F,I

G F,I
K,L
G,K I

Y F

Source Key
A - reactor
8 - furnace
C - concentrator
D - neutral izer
E - kiln
F - compressor and pump seals;
flanges, open ended lines,
lines
G. - storage tank vents
rt - dryer
I - spills
J - spin cell or bath
K - product handling, finishing
and packaging
L - raw material transport and
M - spray dryer
N - kettle
0 - mixing tank (blend tank)
P - polymerization vessel
Q - cooking vessel
R - pril 1 tower






valves,
sampling





»

unloading







S - granulator
T - screen
U - distillation
V - cooler (condenser)
W - crystal lizer
X - filter
Y - milling/blending/
compounding
Z - flash tank












                              F-18

-------
            TABLE F-10  POTENTIAL HAP'S FOR THE MINERAL PRODUCTS  INDUSTRY
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Source Category Organic Inorganic
Vapor Particulate Vapor Particulate
Asbestos Products c.j.q
Asphalt Batching Plants b,h,m r
Brick, Ceramic, and j,l
Related Clay Prod. u,z g,j,l
Refractories j,1 j,l
Cement Manufacture r j,l, g.iij.n,
q.w 0,q,x,y
Coal Cleaning (Dry) v
Coal Cleaning (Wet) a,e,f,g,i,j,k,
n,p,q,t,u,x
Coal Conversion h,s, r d.w a,e,g,i,n,
A,B o,p,q,t,C
Glass Fiber Manuf. m,s s f|t,u
Frit Manufacturing 1 1
Glass Manufacturing a,d,l,n,z a,e,f,l,
n,t,u
Lime Manufacturing o o
Mercury Ore Processing o o
Mineral Wool Manuf. m,s 1 ,w
Perlite Manufacturing 1 1
Phosphate Rock Processing f,t,u f,t,u
Taconite Ore Processing c

References
pg. F-30
23,24,27
5,15,23,
24,25,63
5,15,22,23,
24,25,64
5,15,22,
24,65
5,15,22,24,
25,26,27,30,
31,49,64,66
25,28
28,67
5,27,28,67
5,23,68,69
5,23
5,15,23,24,
25,47,68
15,24,31,70
71
29,31
5,25,69,72
5,15,73
15,24,25,74
75

(continued)
Pollutant Key (see next page).
                                         F-19

-------
    TABLE F-10  POTENTIAL HAP'S FOR THE MINERAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
                                  (concluded)


Pollutant Key

a - arsenic           k - copper                  t - selenium
b - aldehydes         1 - fluoride                u - boron
c - asbestos          m - formaldehyde            v - coal  dust
d - ammonia           n - lead                    w - hydrogen sulfide
e - antimony          o - mercury                 x - zinc
f - barium            p - manganese               y - iron
g - beryllium         q - nickel                  z - chlorine
h - benzene           r - polycyclic organic      A - cresols
i - cadmium                 matter (POM)          B - toluene
j - chromium          s - phenol                  C - phosphorus
                                   F-20

-------
       TABLE F-ll   EMISSION SOURCES FOR THE MINERAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY

Source Category
Asbestos Products
Asphalt Batching Plants
Brick, Ceramic, and
Related Clay Products
Refractories
Cement Manufacture
Coal Cleaning (Dry Process)
Coal Cleaning (Wet Process)
Coal Conversion
Glass Fiber Manufacturing
Frit Manufacturing
Glass Manufacturing
Lime Manufacturing
Mercury Ore Processing
Mineral Wool Manufacturing
Perlite Manufacturing
Phosphate Rock Processing
Taconite Ore Processing
Potential
Process
Point

B
B.E.C
B,E
E

B,C
B,H
C,0
B,C
C
E.T
C
C,0
B,C
A,B,Q
C,Q
HAP Emission Sources
Process Area
Fugitive Fugitive
D,N
F.J.M
O.F.N
D.F.N
F.G.N.S
M,N,R
M,N
F,G,M,N
D,F,G,N,P
S
D,F,M,N
G,R,S
G,N
0,G,P
G,M,N,S
F,M,N,R
F,M,N,R
I,L
I
I.L
I
I.L
I.L
I,L
I.L
I
I.L
I
I.L
I.L
I.L
I.L
I.L
I.L

Source Key

A - calciner
B - dryer
C - furnace
D - end-product forming and finishing
E - kiln
F - raw material  preparation/mixing
G - cooling
H - reactor
I - storage pile
J - saturator
L - mining operations
M - raw material handling/
    transport
N - raw material crusher/mill
0 - oven
P - resin application
Q - washers
R - screening
S - end-product handling/
    grinding/bagging
T - hydrator
                                         F-21

-------
          TABLE F-12   POTENTIAL MAP'S FOR THE WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
  Source Category
         Hazardous Air Pollutants

     Organic             Inorganic       References
Vapor  Particulate   Vapor  Particulate    pg. F-30
Chemical  Wood Pulping

   Kraft Pulp Mill
                             a,b,c,d     5,15,23,
                                         24,25,76
   Sulfite Pulp Mill
   Neutral  Sulfite Pulp Mill

Plywood, Particleboard,
  Hard board

Wood Preservative
  o,p

  g,m,n
                       f,k   a.b.c.d     5,15,22,
                                         24,25
                             a.c.d
5,23,25

5,24,35
75

24,25,58
Pollutant Key

a - arsenic
b - asbestos
c - chromium
d - mercury
e - polycyclic organic matter (POM)
f - chlorine
g - chlorobenzene
h - formaldehyde
i - methyl mercaptan

k - hydrogen sulfide
1 - phenol
m - pentachlorophenol
n - cresols
o - abietic acid
p - pinene
                                         F-22

-------
         TABLE  F-13  EMISSION SOURCES FOR THE WOOD PRODUCTS  INDUSTRY
  Source Category
                                     Potential HAP Emission Sources
Process
Point
Process
Fugitive
 Area
Fugitive
Chemical Wood Pulping

   Kraft Pulp Mill               A.B.C.D

   Sulfite Pulp Mill              A,B,C

   Neutral Sulfite Pulp Mill      A,C,E

Plywood, Particleboard,           G
  Hardboard

Wood Preservative
                  F


                  F
Source Key

A - recovery furnace
B - digester
C - blow tank
D - lime kiln
E - fluidized bed reactor
F - resin and/or adhesive application
G - dryer
                                       F-23

-------
       TABLE F-14   POTENTIAL MAP'S  FOR PETROLEUM RELATED INDUSTRIES^
                 (General Listing for Entire Source Category)
                            Hazardous Air Pollutants
           Organic
     Vapor             Particulate
        Inorganic
 Vapor             Particulate
 Parafins  (CI-CIQ)      Coke  fines

'Cycloparafins
   (C6-Cg)
 Aromatics  (e.g.,
   benzene, toluene
   xylene)

 Phenols

 Sulfur containing
   compounds  (e.g.,
   mercaptans,
   thiophenes)
Sulfides          Catalyst fines
  (e.g., hydrogen
  sulfide, carbon
  disulfide,
  carbonyl sulfide)

Ammonia
 aSource:   References  28,  77,  78,79, 80, 81,  and 82.

            pg. F-30
                                    F-24

-------
       TABLE  F-15    POTENTIAL HAP'S FDR PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES3
              (Specific Listing for Petroleum Refining Segment)
   Process
                                   Hazardous Air Pollutants
    Organic
Vapor    Particulate     Vapor
Inorganic
       Particulate
Crude Separation




Light Hydrocarbon
Processing
Middle and Heavy
Distillate
Processing


Residual
Hydrocarbon
Processing


Auxili ary
Processes


a,b,d,e, o c.m.t.u, P,I,Q,R
f.g.h.i, v.x.y.L
jtfcJ ,m,
o.A.B.C,
D.E.F.J
g.h.i.n, R t,v G.H.Q
N.O.P
a,d,e,f, o,R m.t.u.v, p,q,G,H,
g.M.j. x.y.L I,Q,U
Ic.l.F.J,
K.O.P.S,
T
a,d,e,f, o,R m.s.t.u, p.q.G.H,
g.n.i.j, v.x.y.L I,Q,U
k,l,n,F,
J.M.N.P,
S,T
a.b.d.e, o,R c.m.s.u, p.q.r.z,
f.g.h.i, y,L I
A'.B'.C'.D!
J.K.M.T

aSource:   Reference 28.    P9-  ^-

Pollutant Key (see next  page).
                                                                 (continued,
                                         F-25

-------
        TABLE F-15  POTENTIAL MAP'S FOR PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES3
              (Specific Listing for Petroleum Refining Segment)
                                (concluded)
Pollutant Key

a - malelc anhydride                  A
b - benzole acid                      B
c - chlorides                         C
d - ketones                           D
e - aldehydes                         E
f - heterocyclic compounds            F
    (e.g., pyrldlnes)                 G
g - benzene                           H
h - toluene                           I
1 - xylene                            J
j - phenols                           K
k - organic compounds containing      L
    sulfur (sulfonates, sulfones)     M
1 - cresol                            N
m - inorganic sulfides                0
n - mercaptans                        P
o - polynuclear compounds (benzo      Q
    pyrene, anthracene, etc.)          R
p - vanadium                          S
q - nickel                            T
r - lead                              U
s - sulfuric acid
t - hydrogen sulfide
u - ammonia
v - carbon disulfide
x - carbonyl sulfide
y - cyanides
z - chromates
acetic acid
formic acid
methy1 ethyl amine
diethyl amine
thiosulflde
methyl mercaptan
cobalt
molybdenum
zinc
cresylic acid
xylenols
thiophenes
thlophenol
nickel carbonyl
tetraethyl lead
cobalt carbonyl
catalyst fines
coke fines
formaldehyde
aromatic amines
copper
                                   F-26

-------
TABLE F-16   EMISSION SOURCES  FOR THE PETROLEUM RELATED  INDUSTRIES


Source Category

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
Exploration, Site Preparation
and Drilling
Crude Processing
Natural Gas Processing
Secondary and Tertiary
Recovery Techniques
PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY
Crude Separation
Light Hydrocarbon Processing
Middle and Heavy Distillate
Processing
Residual Hydrocarbon Processing
Auxiliary Processes
BASIC PETROCHEMICALS INDUSTRY
Olefins Production
Butadiene Production
Benzene/Tol uene/Xylene
• (BTX) Production
Naphthalene Production
Cresol/Cresylic Acids Production
Normal Paraffin Production
Potential HAP Emission Sources
Process Process Area
Point Fugitive Fugitive

A C D,E

G F.H
G,J,K H I
G I


G.J.L F.H.M.N I
0,6 F,H Q
G,0,P,R F,H I

B,G,K,0,R H I
G F.H I

G,K,0 F.H I
G,J,L,0,R F,H,N I
G,K,0,R F,Q I

G,L,0 F,H I
G,L F.H
6,0 F,H I

Source Key
A - blowout during drilling
B - visbreaker furnace
C - cuttings
D - drilling fluid
E - pipe leaks (due to corrosion)
F - wastewater disposal (process
drain, blowdown, cooling water)
G - flare, incinerator, process
heater, boiler
H - storage, transfer, and handling


I - pumps, valves, compressors,
fittings, etc.
J - absorber
K - process vent
L - distillation/fractionation
M - hotwells
N - steam ejectors
0 - catalyst regeneration
P - evaporation
0 - catalytic cracker
R - stripper
                                F-27

-------
               TABLE F-17   POTENTIAL  HAP'S  FOR  COMBUSTION  SOURCES


Source Category

Coal Combustion



Oil Combustion


Natural Gas Combustion
Gasoline Combustion
Diesel Combustion
Wood Combustion
Waste Oil Combustion
Municipal Refuse
Incineration
Sewage SI udge
Incineration
PCS Incineration
Hazardous Air Pol
lutants
Organic Inorganic
Vapor Particulate Vapor
n,y,8 s a,b,h,
i ,m,q
» * » T
A

n s m,q,A


n s
n s q
s
c,d, n,y s A
g, u,w,z s
s q,A

s q

u s
Particulate
a,b,e,f,
hi i k o
p,r,t,v,x

a,b,e,f,h,
i j k o p
r,v,x,C

0
f,r
P,t
f,h,i,o,r
f,h,i,k,o,
P,r
a,f,h,i,o,
P,r
D

References
pg. F-30
5,22,23,25,
26,27,28,20,
31,32,35,26,
55,74,83,84
5,22,23,25
26,27,32,35,
36,55,74,83,84
5,23,37,84
5,15,25,35
5,15,35
5,15,25,35
5,30,83
5,15,22,25,26,
27,29,30,32,36
5,15,22,25,26
27,30,26,85
35,86

Pollutant Key
a - arsenic
b - amtimony
c - acetaldehyde
d - acetic acid
e - barium
f - beryl 1 ium
g - benzene
h - cadmium
i - chromium
j - cobalt
k - copper

p - manganese
q - mercury
r - nickel








s - polycyclic organic matter (POM)
t - phosphorus


u - polychlorinated biphenyls- (PCB)
v - radionuclides
w - trichloroethylene
x - zinc
y - phenol
z - ethyl benzene










m - fl uoride
n - formaldehyde
o - lead
A - chlorine
B - pyridine
C - vanadium
D - dibenzofuran
                                    F-28

-------
          TABLE F-18
EMISSION SOURCES FOR COMBUSTION SOURCES
                                     Potential HAP Emission Sources
  Source Category
          Process
          Point
Process
Fugitive
 Area
Fugitive
Coal Combustion                   A,8

Oil Combustion                    A,B,E

Natural Gas Combustion            A,B,E,F

Gasoline Combustion               G

Diesel  Combustion                 G

Wood Combustion                   A,B,C

Waste Oil Combustion              A,B,D

Municipal Refuse Incineration     0

Sewage Sludge Incineration        D

PCB Incineration                  D,B
Source Key

A - furnace
B - boiler
C - woodstove/fireplace
D - incinerator
E - gas turbine
F - reciprocating engine
G - industrial  engine and/or equipment
H -1 coal storage pile
I - ash handling system
                                  F-29

-------
    References  for Appendix  F

1.  National  Paint and Coatings Association.  Section III:   Paint and
    Coatings  Markets.  Table A-6.  Estimated Consumption of Solvents in
    Paints and Coatings, by Market - 1981.  pp. 208-209.  (no date).

2.  U.S. EPA.  Organic Solvent Cleaners - Background Information for
    Proposed  Standard (Draft).EPA-450/2-78-045a.October 1979.

3.  U.S. EPA.  End Use of Solvents Containing Volatile Organic Compounds.
    EPA-450/3-79-032.  May 1979.

4.  U.S. EPA.  Source Assessment:  Solvent Evaporation - Degreasing
    Operations.  EPA-600/2-79-019f.  August 1979.

5.  U.S. EPA.  Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Sources.  Third
    Edition:   Supplements 1-15.  AP-42.  January 1984.
6.  U.S. EPA.  Guidance for Lowest Achievable Emission Rates for 18

     %
    April 1979.
Major Stationary Sources of Particulates, Nitrogen Oxides,
Sulfur Dioxide, or Volatile Organic Compounds.  EPA-450/3-79-Q24.
7.  U.S. EPA.  Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing
    Stationary Sources - Vol. VI:  Surface Coating of Miscellaneous
    Metal Parts and Products.  EPA-450/2-78-015.  June 1978.

8.  U.S. EPA.  Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing
    Stationary Sources - Volume II:  Surface Coating of Cans, Coils,
    Paper, Fabrics, Automobiles, and Light Duty Trucks.
    EPA-450/2-77-008.May 1977.

9.  U.S. EPA.  Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from
    Large Petroleum Dry Cleaners.EPA-450/3-82-009.September 1982.

10. Bob  Buzenburg, Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
    to Bill Johnson and Bob Short, EPA.  Trip Report - Plant Visit of
    September 24, 1981, to IBM, Boulder, Colorado.

11. Bob  Buzenburg, Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
   ;to Bill Johnson and Bob Short, EPA.  Trip Report - Plant Visit of
   'November 9, 1981, to 3-M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota.

12. D. Salman, EPA/CPB, to L. Zaragoza, EPA/PAB.  Memo - Volatile Organic
    Compound Potentially Emitted from Topcoats at Ford's Twin Cities
    Plant.   February 7, 1985.

13. U.S. EPA.  Pressure Sensitive Tape and Label Surface Coating Industry -
    Background Information for Proposed Standards.EPA-450/3-80-003a.
    September 1980.

14. U.S. EPA.  Hazardous/Toxic Air Pollutant Control Technology:  A
    Literature Review.  EPA-600/2-84-194.  December 1984.
                                     F-30

-------
15. U.S. EPA.   Nonindustrial  Sources of Toxic Substance Emissions and Their
    Applicability to Source Receptor ModelingDraft Report, EPA Contract
    No. 68-02-3509, Task No.  42.  July 27, 1983.

16. U.S. EPA.   Control  Technique Guidelines for the Control of Volatile
    Organic Emissions from Wood Furniture Coating (Draft).April 1979.

17. U.S. EPA.   Flexible Vinyl  Coating and Printing Operations - Background
    Information for Proposed  Standards.EPA-450/3-81-016a.January 1983.

18. U.S. EPA.   Background Information for New Source Performance Standards:
    Primary Copper, Zinc, and  Lead Smelters - Volume 1:  Proposed Standards.
    EPA-450/2-74-002a.October 1974.

19. U.S. EPA.   Background Information for Standards of Performance:
    Electric Submerged  Arc Furnaces for Production of Ferroalloys -
    Volume 1:   Proposed Standards.  EPA-450/2-74-018a.  October 1974.

20. U.S. EPA.   Control  Techniques for Volatile Organic Compound Emissions
    from Stationary Sources -  Third Edition (Draft).April 1985.

21. U.S. EPA.   A Method for Characterization and Quantification of Fugitive
    Lead Emissions from Secondary Lead Smelters, Ferroalloy Plants, and
    Gray Iron  Foundries.EPA-450/3-78-003.January 1978.

22. U.S. EPA.   Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Chromium.   EPA-450/4-84-007g.  July 1984.

23. U.S. EPA.   A Survey of Emissions and Controls for Hazardous and Other
    Pollutants.EPA-R4-73-021.February 1973.

24. U.S. EPA.   Industrial Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants - Draft.
    September  1983~I

25. U.S. EPA.   Source Assessment:  Noncrlteria Pollutant Emissions (1978
    Update).  EPA-600/2-78-004T.July 1978.

26. U.S. EPA.   Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Manganese  (Draft).   September 1984.

27.-U.S. EPA.   Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Nickel.  EPA-450/4-84-007F.March 1984.

28. U.S. EPA.   Potentially Hazardous Emissions from the Extraction and
    Processing of Coal  and 011.EPA-650/2-75-038.April 1975.

29. U.S. EPA.   Review of National Emission Standards for Mercury.
    EPA-450/3-84-01.December 1984.

30. U.S. EPA.   Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals:  Lead.
    EPA-600/2-79-210h.   December 1979.
                                        F-31

-------
31. U.S. EPA.  Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals:   Mercury.
    EPA-600/2-79-210i.  December 1979.

32. U.S. EPA.  Sources of Copper Air Emissions.  EPA-600/2-85-046.
    April 1985.

33. U.S. EPA.  The Use and Fate of- Lubricants, Oils,  Greases and Hydraulic
    Fluids in The Iron and Steel Industry"EPA-600/2-78-101.May 1978.

34. U.S. EPA.  Rubber Tire Manufacturing Industry - Background Information
    for Proposed Standards.EPA-450/3-81-008a.  July 1981.

35. U.S. EPA.  Human Exposure to Atmospheric Concentrations of Selected
    Chemicals.  EPA Contract No. 68-02-3066.  February 1982.

36. U.S. EPA.  Survey of Cadmium Emission Sources.  EPA-450/3-81-013.
    Septemc^r 1981.

37. U.S. EPA.  Source Category Survey:  Secondary Zinc Smelting and
    Refinery Industry.EPA-450/3-80-012.May 1980.

38. U.S. EPA.  Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical
    Manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Proposed Standards.
    EPA-450/3-32-OUla.October 1983.

39. U.S. EPA.  Reactor Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufac-
    turing - Background Information for Proposed Standards (Draft)"!
    October 1984.

40. U.S. EPA.  VOC Emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid Storage Tanks -
    Background Information for Proposed Standards (Draft).
    EPA-450/3-81-003.July 1984.

41. U.S. EPA.  VOC Fugitive Emissions in Synthetic Organic Chemicals
    Manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Promulgated
    Standards.  EPA-450/3-80-033b.  June 1982.

42. U.S. EPA.  Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic Chemical
    Manufacturing - Background  Information for Proposed Standards.
    EPA-450/3-83-005a.December 1983.

43i. U.S. EPA.  Organic Chemical Manufacturing Volume 6:  Selected
    Processes.  EPA-450/3-80-028a.December 1980.

44. U.S. EPA.  Source Category;  Ammonia Manufacturing Industry.
    EPA-450/3-80-014.  August 1980.

45. U.S. EPA.  Source Assessment;  Ammonium Nitrate Production.
    EPA-600/2-77-107i.September 1977..

46. U.S. EPA.  Ammonium Sulfate Manufacture -  Background  Information
    for Proposed Standards.  £PA-450/3-79-034a.  December  1979.

47. U.S. EPA.  Preliminary Study of Sources of Inorganic Arsenic.
    EPA-450/5-82-005.  August 1982.

                                       F-32

-------
48. U.S. EPA.  Source Assessment:  Major Barium Chemicals.
    EPA-600/2-78-004b.March 1978.

49. U.S. EPA.  Emission Factors for Trace Substances.  EPA-450/2-73-001.
    December 197TI

5U. U.S. EPA.  Review of New Source Performance Standards for Nitric Acid
    Plants.  EPA-450/3-84-011.April  1984.

51. U.S. EPA.  Sodium Carbonate Industry - Background Information for
    Proposed Standards.EPA-450/3-80-029a.August 1980.

52. U.S. EPA.  Industrial  Process Profiles for Environmental Use:  Sulfur,
    Sulfur Oxides and Sulfuric Aci"dT  EPA-600/2-77-023w.  February 1977.

53. U.S. EPA.  Final  Guideline Document:  Control  of Sulfuric Acid Mist
    Emissions from Sulfuric Acid Production PlantsIEPA-450/2-77-019.
    September 1977.

54. U.S. EPA.  Source Assessment:  Charcoal Manufacturing.
    EPA-600/2-78-004Z.  December 1978.

55. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Formaldehyde.  EPA-450/4-84-007e.   March 1984.

56. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Chloroform.EPA-450/4-84-007c.March 1984.

57. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Carbon Tetrachloride.EPA-450/4-84-007b. March 1984.

58. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Chiorobenzenes (Draft).  September 1984.

59. U.S. EPA.  Plastics and Resins Industry - Industrial Process Profiles
    for Environmental Use.   EPA-600/2-77-023J.  February 1977.

60. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    pnosgene (Draft).  September 1984.

61. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
  ;  Acrylonitrile.  EPA-450/4-84-007a. March 1984.

62. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Ethylene Dichloride.EPA-450/4-84-007d.March 1984.

63. U.S. EPA.  Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Industry - Background
    Information for Proposed Standards (Draft).EPA-450/3-80-021a.
    June 1980.

64. U.S. EPA.  Trace Pollutant Emissions from the Processing of
    Nonmetallic Ores.EPA-650/2-74-122.November 1974.

65. U.S. EPA.  Source Category Survey:  Refractory Industry.
    EPA-450/3-80-006.  March 1980.

                                      F-33

-------
66. U.S. EPA.  A Review of Standards of Performance for New Stationary
    Sources - Portland Cement Industry.EPA-450/3-79-012.March 1979.

67. U.S. EPA.  Background Information for Standards of Performance:
    Coal Preparation Plants Volume I:  Proposed Standards.
    EPA-450/2-74-021a.October 1974.
                                                 /
68. U.S. EPA.  Glass Manufacturing Plants, Background Information:
    Proposed Standards of Performance (Draft).  EPA-450/3-79-Q05a.
    June 1979.

69. U.S. EPA.  Wool  Fiberglass Insulation Manufacturing Industry -
    Background Information for Proposed Standards (Draft).
    EPA-450/3-83-002A.  December 1983.

70. U.S. EPA.  Standards Support and Environmental  Impact Statement
    Volume I:  Proposed Standards of Performance for Lime Manufacturing
    Plants.EPA-450/2-77-007a.April 1977.

71. U.S. EPA.  Final Standards Support and Environmental Impact
    Statement Volume II:  Promulgated Standards of Performance for
    Lime Manufacturing Plants.EPA-450/2-77-007b.October 1977.

72. U.S. EPA.  Source Category Survey:  Mineral Wool Manufacturing
    Industry.  EPA-450/3-80-016.  March 1980.

73. U.S. EPA.  Source Category Survey:  Perlite Industry.
    EPA-450/3-80-005.  May 1980.  _

74. U.S. EPA.  Radionuclides - Background Information Document for Final
    Rules.  Volume I.EPA-520/1-84-022-1.October 1984.

75. Standards Support and Environmental Impact Statement for the Iron
    Ore Benefication Industry (DraftTIBattelle Columbus Laboratories.
    December 1976.

76. U.S. EPA.  Kraft Pulping - Control of TRS Emissions from Existing
    Mills.  EPA-450/2-78-003b.  March 1979.

77. U.S. EPA.  Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
   • Chapter 2.  Oil  and Gas Production Industry.  EPA-600/2-77-023b.
    February 19777

78. U.S. EPA.  Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
    Chapter 3.  Petroleum Refining Industry"!  EPA-600/2-77-023C.
    January 1977.

79. U.S. EPA.  Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
    Chapter 5.  Basic Petrochemicals  Industry"!  EPA-600/2-77-023e.
    January 1977.

80. U.S. EPA.  VOC Fugitive Emissions in Petroleum Refining Industry -
    Background Information for Proposed Standards.  EPA-4bO/3-81-015a.
    November 1982.

                                      F-34

-------
81. U.S. EPA.  VOC Species Data Manual, Second Edition.
    EPA-450/4-80-115.July 1980.

82. U.S. EPA.  Sulk Gasoline Terminals - Background Information for
    Proposed Standards (Draft).EPA-450/3-80-038a.December 1980.

83. U.S. EPA.  Air Toxics Emission Patterns and Trends - Final  Report.
    EPA Contract No. 68-02-3513, Task 46.  July 1984.

84. U.S. EPA.  Hazardous Emission Characterization of Utility Boilers.
    EPA-650/2-75-066.July 1975.

85. U.S. EPA.  Thermal Conversion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge
    Phase II:  Study of Heavy Metal  Emissions.  EPA-600/2-81-203.
    September 1981.

86. U.S. EPA.  Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
    Polycnlorlnated Blphenyls (Draft).November 1984.
                                     F-35

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      APPENDIX G



POLLUTANT/SOURCE INDEX

-------
                                 APPENDIX G
                           POLLUTANT/SOURCE INDEX

     This appendix contains three pollutant-emission source indices that may
be used to identify potential  sources of toxic pollutants.   Table G-l
addresses point sources, while Tables G-2 and G-3 concern area sources.
     The information presented here may be useful to agencies who do not
choose to or are not able to use Sic/pollutant and pollutant/SIC indices.
The associations presented here are probable or likely,  and not definite in
all cases.  Also,  these data do not describe or reflect  the quantity of
pollutant emitted.  Quantities emitted vary from source  to source and may
range from trace amounts to tons per year.
     These data were compiled from references shown on page G-15.
                                    G-l

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               TABLE G-l.   EMISSION SOURCE CATEGORIES ASSOCIATED WITH SELECTED TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS
     Pollutant
      Potential Emission Sources
Acetaldehyde


Acrolein



Acrylom trile





Al uminuin


Arsenic
Aniline

Asbestos
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzyl chloride

Beryl 11 urn
Pentaerythritol production
Wood combustion

Methiomne analogs (poultry feed supplements)
  production
Production of acrylic acid intermediate

Acrylic/ modacrylic fiber production
Production of ABS and SAN resins
Nitrlle rubber and latex production
Aery 1 amide production
Production of nitrile barrier resins

Aluminum ingot production
Aluminum chemicals

End-use in pesticide, herbicides, and fungicides
Primary copper and zinc smelting
Glass manufacturing
Coal combustion
Primary and secondary lead smelting
Production of chemicals containing arsenic
  (Including Insecticides, herbicides, and wood
  preservatives)
Sewage  sludge incinerators
Gray iron foundries

Manufacture of dyes, medicinal s, resins, varnishes

Production of asbestos-containing products
  (Including brake linings, shingles and siding,
  textiles, paper and felt, floor tile, and cement
  pipe  and sheet)
Installation of asbestos construction materials
Roadway surfacing
Building demolition and renovation

Automobile exhaust
Gasoline evaporation
Production of ethyl benzene, styrene, phenol,
  cyclohexane, maleic anhydride, aniline, chloro-
  benzenes, nitrobenzene, ethylene, and 1 inear
  alkyl benzene
Solvent usage  1n textile manufacturing, degreasing,
  organic synthesis, pharmaceutical synthesis,
  aluminum alkyls, alcohols, and consumer products

Benzidine production
Production of  commercial dyes (primarily azo,
  mordant, and direct dyes)
Manufacturing of rubber chemicals
End-use of dyes (mainly in textiles, paper, and
  leather Industries)

Quaternary amnonlum compounds production

Coal combustion
011  combustion
Gray iron foundries
Beryllium metal and  alloy  production
Waste  incineration
Cement  production
Ceramic plants
Rocket  motor firings

-------
                                               TABLE  G-l.   Continued
     Pol 1 utant
                                                                      Potential  Emission  Sources
Bis (chloromethyl)  ether
1.3-Butadiene

Cadmiun
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chi oro benzene
Chloroform
Chloroprene
Chronlura
Anion-exchange resin production
Textile manufacturing (segment using formaldehyde-
  containing reactants and resins in fabric
  finishing and as adhesives)
Nonwoven industry (using thermosetting acrylic  -
  emulsion polymers)

Synthetic rubber manufacture

Iron and steel manufacturing
Secondary copper smelting
Primary lead smelting
Coal combustion
Waste and sewage sludge incineration
Production of cadmium paint pigments
Production of cadmium-barium plastic stabilizers
Ni-Cd battery manufacturing
Cement production

Paper production
Manufacture of rayon, soil disinfectants
Solvent for phosphorous, fats, rubber, printing
  paper, cigarette filter production

Miscellaneous solvent applications (as an oil, wax,
  and fat extractant; in rubber cement; in shoe and
  furniture polishes; in paints and lacquers; in
  printing 1nkj in floor waxes; and in stains)
Fluorocarbon gas production (F-ll and F-12)
Miscellaneous uses (Pharmaceuticals manufacturing
  pesticide formulation, carbon tetrabromide
  manufacturing, chlorine production)

Critical cleaning of electrical and mechanical
  assembl ies
Solvent applications (primarily degreasing,
  cleaning and drying)
Solder flux removal
Dry cleaning
Intermediate in refrigerant production

End-use as degreasing solvent  (cold cleaners) and
  intermediate in pesticides manufacturing

Miscellaneous solvent end-uses (manufacturing of
  artificial silk/  plastics, floor polishes,
  fl uorocarbons. dyes, pesticides)
Evaporation from pulp/paper bleaching wastewater
Pharmaceuticals production
Chloroform production
Cool ing towers

Chloroprene production and captive use In poly-
  chloroprene synthetic rubber manufacturing
  (neoprene. duprene)

Steel  production
Coal combustion
Chromium chemicals production  (primarily sodium
  chrornate and sodium dichromate)
011 combustion
Waste and sewage sludge incineration
Cement production
Cool ing towers
Electroplating
                                                        G-3

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                                               TVBLE G-l.   Continuad
     Pol 1 utant
      Potential  Emission Sources
Crasols
Di brcmoethane (Ethylene dibrcmide)
1,4-01 chlorobenzene (p-D1 chlorobenzene)
Dlchloroethane (Ethylene d1 chloride)
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)
Dimethyl sulfate
Oioxane
Dloctyl phthai ate

Dimethyl terephthalate

Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl enedl  fats,
  pharmaceutical s)
End-use as a cleaning solvent (plastics, textiles,
  apparel)

Formulation and use of household paint and varnish
  removers
End-use as a metal degreasing solvent (primarily
  cold cleaners)
Aerosol vapor depressant
Plastics processing
Intermediate in dye and pharmaceutical production
Extraction solvent for soils, fats, and waxes

Manufacturing of methyl esters,  ethers and amines,
  dyes, drugs, perfume, phenol derivatives, and
  pesticides
Solvent 1n the separation of mineral oils

Solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, fats, greases,
  lacquers, mineral oil, paints, polyvinyl
  polymers, resins, varnishes, and waxes
Paint and varnish stripping
Wetting/dispersing agent in textile  processing, dye
  baths, and stain and printing compositions

Rubber coating of fabrics

Terephthal 1c add production

Epoxy resin production
Epichlorohydrin and glycerin  production
Production of miscellaneous eplchlorohydrin
  products (polya»1de-epichlorohydrin resins,
  eplchlorohydrin elastomers, and  surfactants)
 Solvent  for  shellac,  casein,
 Stabilizer for  rubber latex
 Textile  lubricant
                                                                                             and sulfur
 Textile  Industry  (used  for  fl ameproof ing,  shrink-
   prooflng,  stiffening,  and waterproofing)
                                                        G-4

-------
                                               TABLE G-l.   Continued
     Pol 1utant
                                                                      Potential  Emission Sources
Ethylene oxide




Fl uori des

Formal dehyde
Hydrogen sulfide

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene


Hexamethylenetetramine

Hydrazine


Lithium and compounds

Mai el c anhydride


Manganese
Mercury
Methyl ethyl ketone


Methyl isobutyl ketone

Nickel
Production of ethylene glycol, di-, tn-» and poly-
  ethylene glycol, surface active agents, and
  ethanol amines
Sterilization of medical  apparatus

Fiberglass production

Production of urea, phenol ic» and melamine resins
Production of pentaerythritol. butanediol, acetal
  resins, and hexamethylenetetramine
Formaldehyde production
Resin applications (primarily in construction
  materials industries)
End-uses in textile (textile treating), paper, ana
  coating industries)
Fuel combustion

Manufacture of paper, rayon

Manufacturing of flame retardants, pesticides, and
  flame-retardant resins

Hexamethylenetetramine production

Used in chemical synthesis (anticorrosives, dyes,
  textile agents, pesticides, Pharmaceuticals)

Lithium raining, lithium chemical  production

Production of phthalic anhydride and unsaturated
  polyester resins

Ferroal1oy production
Iron and steel  production
Gray iron foundries
Coal combustion
Chemical applications and battery production
Solid waste and sewage incineration
Cool 1ng towers
011 combustion

Chi or alkali manufacturing
Coal combustion
Copper and zinc smelting
Paint appl Ication
Incineration

Solvent in surface coating
Manufacture colorless synthetic resins

Solvent for gums, resins

011 combustion (Including diesel  fuel)
Ferroalloys, iron and steel, and non-ferroalloy
  production
Coal combustion
Secondary nickel smelting
Gray Iron foundries
Cement productions
Cool ing towers
Municipal and sewage sludge  incinerators
Electroplating
N1-Cd battery manufacturing
                                                       G-5

-------
                                               TABLE G-l.   Continued
     Pol 1utant
      Potential  Emission Sources
Nitrobenzene
N-Nitrosod1methyl amine
Nitrosomorphol 1ne
Pentachlorophenol

Phenol
Phosgene


Phosphine

Poly chlorinated blphenyls (PCSs)
Polycycllc Organic Matter
  (Includes Banzo(a)pyrene)
RadionuclIdes
Styrene

Tetrachloroethylene  (Perchl oroetfiylene)
Tetrahydrof uran
End-use as solvent in cellulose ether manufacturing
  (petroleum industry)

Uses as intermediate in production of dimethyl
  formamide and dimethyl acetamide (industrial
  solvents), lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, dimetnyl
 . hydrazine pesticides, and rubber chemical
  accelerators

End-use as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler systems
Polish and wax formulating
Production of rubber processing chemicals
Manufacturing of optical brighteners (soap and
  detergent industry)

Wood preserving

Phenol production
Production of phenolic resins
Caprol actara and adipic acid production
Production of nonylphenol, salicylic acid, and
  dodecyl phenol

Production of toluene di isocyanate, polymeric
  isocyanateSf and polycarbonates

Electronic components manufacture

Disposal by Incineration or burning of  transformers
  and capacitors containing PCSs
Transformer leaks

Residential fuel combustion (primarily  wood and
  coal)
Motor vehicles
Prescribed burning and wildfires
Municipal and industrial Incineration
Other fuel combustion (burning coal refuse piles,
  power plants/ industrial  boilers, catalytic
  cracking)
Carbon black and charcoal production
Asphalt production
Dye, pignent manufacturing

Fossil fuel combustion
Uranium mining and processing
Nuclear fuel fabrication, nuclear  reactor
  operation, and spent fuel reprocessing
Elemental phosphorous plants

Manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, resins

Dry cleaning
Textile processing and refinlshing
Metal cleaning and degreasing  (solvent)
Miscellaneous chemicals production (intermediate)
Miscellaneous  solvent  applications (magnetic  tapes,
  plastics, rubber solutions,  paint removers,  inks,
  solvent soaps, fats, and  oils)

Solvent for polyvinyl  chloride
                                                        G-6

-------
                                               TABLE  G-l.   Continued
     Pol 1 utant
                                                                      Potential  Emission  Sources
Tol uene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl  chloroform)
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl  chloride
Vlnylidene chloride
Xylene
Automobile exhaust
Manufacturing and application of paint and coatings
Manufacturing and use of adhesives, IRKS, and
  pharmaceutical s
Evaporation of gasoline
Toluene diisocyanate production
Benzoic acid production

Metal cleaning (degreasing)
Various other solvent and cleaning applications
End-use in aerosol formulations

Metal degreasing (vapor degreasers and cold
  cleaners)
Various other solvent and cleaning applications
PVC production

Vinyl chloride and PVC production
Ethylene dichloride production

Production of copolymer coating resins (saran,
  cellophane, latex)
Manufacturing of modacrylic fibers

Mixed xylene solvent usage (primarily in paints and
  coatings)
Automobile exhaust
Gasoline evaporation
Terephthalic acid production
                                                       G-7

-------
          TABLE 6-2.  AREA SOURCES THAT POTENTIALLY EMIT TOXIC AIR
                      CONTAMINANTS LISTED BY POLLUTANT
  Pollutant
        Area Source
Acetaldehyde



Arsenic




Asbestos

Benzene
Beryllium




Cadmium



Carbon tetrachloride



Chiorof1uorocarbons


Chlorobenzene

Chloroform


Chromium
Slash burning/forest fires
Residential wood combustion
Industrial wood combustion

Pesticide application
Waste oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential coal combustion

Wrecking and demolition

Petroleum marketing
Mobile sources
Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous solvent usage
Airport operations

Waste oil combustion
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential coal combustion

Waste oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential coal combustion

Pesticide application
Miscellaneous surface coating
Miscellaneous solvent usage

Miscellaneous solvent usage
Dry cleaners

Miscellaneous solvent usage

Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous solvent usage

Waste oil combustion
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential coal combustion
                                    G-8

-------
                            TABLE G-2.  Continued
  Pollutant
        Area Source
Ethylene dibromide



1,4-Dichlorobenzene

Ethylene dichloride




Methylene chloride


Dimethyl sulfate

Dioxane

Formaldehyde
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Phenol
Petroleum marketing
Pesticide application
Waste oil combustion

Pesticide application

Petroleum marketing
Pesticide application
Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous solvent usage

Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous solvent usage

Miscellaneous solvent usage

Miscellaneous solvent usage

Industrial wood combustion
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Slash burning/forest fires
Residential wood combustion
Residential coal combustion

Slash burning/forest fires
Waste oil combustion
Industrial wood combustion
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential wood combustion
Residential coal combustion

Waste oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential coal combustion

Waste oil combustion
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential coal combustion

Slash burning/forest fires
Industrial wood combustion
Residential wood combustion
                                    G-9

-------
                            TABLE G-2.  Continued
  Pollutant
        Area Source
Polychlorinated biphenyls

Polycyclic organic matter
Radionuclides
Perchloroethylene
Toluene
Methyl chloroform


Trichloroethylene


Xy'l ene
Waste oil combustion

Asphalt distribution and usage
Mobile sources
Slash burning/forest fires
Waste oil combustion
Industrial wood combustion
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential wood combustion
Residential coal combustion
Airport operations

Mobile sources
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential coal combustion
Airport operations

Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous solvent usage
Dry-cleaners

Asphalt distribution and usage
Petroleum marketing
Mobile sources
Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous surface coating
Miscellaneous solvent usage
Airport operations

Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous solvent usage

Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous solvent usage

Asphalt distribution and usage
Petroleum marketing
Mobile sources
Waste oil combustion
Miscellaneous surface coating
Miscellaneous solvent usage
Airport operations
                                    G-10

-------
          TABLE G-3.  AREA SOURCES THAT POTENTIALLY EMIT TOXIC AIR
                      POLLUTANTS LISTED BY AREA SOURCE
       Area Source
Potential Pollutant(s)
Asphalt distribution and usage
Petroleum marketing
Mobile sources (fuel combustion)
Airport operations
Pesticide application
Waste oil combustion
Polycyclic organic matter
Toluene
Xylene

Benzene
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride
Toluene
Xylene

Formaldehyde
Benzene
Polycyclic organic matter
Toluene
Xylene

Benzene
Polycyclic organic matter
Toluene
Xylene

Arsenic
Carbon tetrachloride
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride

Arsenic
Benzene
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chloroform
Chromium
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride
Methylene chloride
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polycyclic organic matter
                                    G-ll

-------
                            TABLE G-3.   Continued
       Area Source
Potential Pollutant(s)
Waste oil combustion
(continued)
Industrial wood combustion
Industrial oil combustion
Industrial coal combustion
Residential wood combustion
Residential coal combustion
Perchloroethylene
Toluene
Methyl chloroform
Trichloroethylene
Xylene

Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Manganese
Phenol
Polycyclic organic matter

Beryl 1i urn
Chromium
Formaldehyde
Manganese
Nickel
Polycyclic organic matter
Radionuclides

Arsenic
Beryl 1i urn
Cadmium
Chromium
Formaldehyde
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Polycyclic organic matter
Radionuclides

Acetaldehyde
Cresols
Formaldehyde
Manganese
Phenol
Polycyclic organic matter

Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
                                    6-12

-------
                            TABLE G-3.   Continued
       Area Source
Potential Pollutant(s)
Residential  coal  combustion
(continued)
Slash burn ing/forest fires
Miscellaneous surface coating
Miscellaneous solvent usage
Dry-cleaners
Wrecking and demolition
Formaldehyde
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Polycyclic organic matter
Radionuclides

Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Manganese
Phenol
Polycyclic organic matter

Carbon tetrachloride
Toluene
Xylene

Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chiorof1uorocarbons
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Ethylene dichloride
Methylene chloride
Dimethyl sulfate
Dioxane
Perchloroethylene
Toluene
Methyl chloroform
Trichloroethylene
Xylene

Chiorof1uorocarbons
Perchloroethylene

Asbestos
                                    G-13

-------
                            APPENDIX G REFERENCES
Radian Corporation, 1984a.  Potential Sources of Air Toxics Emissions in
Virginia.  Task 2 Technical Note.  February 1984.

Radian Corporation, 1984b.  Colorado Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Inventory
and Prioritization for Further Study.  October 1984.

Radian Corporation, 1984c.  Washington Toxic Air Contaminants Study.  Final
Report.  December 1984.

Radian Corporation, 1984d.  Program Approach for the Control of Toxic Air
Pollutants in the State of Maryland.  February 29,  1984.

Radian Corporation, 1985a.  North Carolina Air Toxics Survey.
Identification of Pollutants of Concern and Potential Emission Sources.
Prepared for EPA Region IV.  April 1985.

Radian Corporation, 1985b.  Final Work Products Supporting the Development
of a Toxic Air Pollutant Regulation for the State of Maryland.  July 1985.
                                    G-14

-------
               APPENDIX H
EMISSION FACTORS FOR TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS

-------
                                 APPENDIX H
                  EMISSION FACTORS FOR TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS

     The emission factors listed in Table H were compiled as the result of a
contractor literature search to provide preliminary information to support
analysis of air toxics problems.  The data herein have not been subjected to
the EPA or peer review normally provided to such data.  These data should
not be used for regulatory purposes unless the primary references have been
researched and the data are determined to be adequate.  The emission factors
were chiefly taken from EPA documents such as the "Locating and Estimating
Emissions of Pollutant" and "Survey of Pollutant Emission Sources."  Because
only brief notes concerning the documentation of the factors are given in
this appendix, the factors should be used as default values.  That is, the
factors should be used only when access to the primary literature is not
available.  No attempt was made to describe the accuracy or validity of the
factors.
                                    H-l

-------


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