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Part 3. OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON ONGOING RESEARCH
1. National Toxicology Program Fiscal Year 1985 Annual Plan.
Department of Health and Human Services.
March 1985, 343 pages, NTP-85-055.
Available from: National Toxicology Program Public Information Office,
MD B2-04, Post Office Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, 27709, (919) 541-3991.
Abstract: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) was established by the
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to coordinate and
provide information about potentially toxic chemicals to regulatory and
research agencies and to strengthen the science base in toxicology.
The NTP includes relevant activities by DHHS agencies include the
National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH). The Annual Plan describes the NTP's completed, ongoing and
planned activities in toxicology research and testing. An index of
chemicals being studies is also included. NTP programs in the
following categories are described: cellular and genetic toxicology,
carcinogenesis testing, toxicologic characterization, benzidine-dye
initiative, chemical disposition, chemical pathology, cutaneous
toxicology, immunological testing, neurobehavioral toxicology,
pulmonary toxicology, safety evaluations of orthophthalic acid esters
and related compounds, and reproductive and developmental toxicology.
Coordinative management activities are also described. These include:
chemical nomination and selection, chemical and laboratory test
management, chemistry resources, chemical repositories, laboratory
animal resources, chemical health and safety, data management and
analysis, information generation and dissemination, and the annual
report on carcinogens.
2. National Toxicology Program Review of Current DHHS, DOE and EPA
Research Related to Toxicology, Fiscal Year 1985.
Department of Health and Human Services.
March 1985, 215 pages, NTP-85-056.
Available from: National Toxicology Program Public Information Office,
MD B2-04, Post Office Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, 27709, (919) 541-3991.
Abstract: The document reviews basic toxicology research, toxicology
testing, and toxicology method development activities in progress at
the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the Department of
Energy (DOE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Summaries
of the dollar and manpower support for agency activities in toxicology
are included. A narrative of the roles of each agency in toxicology
research is given, followed by listings of projects. The test method
development section contains abbreviated summaries of each test method
85
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development project, the performing organization and project number.
The toxicology testing section lists information on each testing
project including the chemical name, CAS number, type of study, status,
performing organization and project number. The toxicology testing
list is indexed in three ways: by chemical name, CAS number, and type
of study.
3. PB84-213958 PC A19/MF A01
Chemical Activities Status Report. Fourth Edition, Volume I.
Eleanor T. Merrick
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D,C., Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances.
February 1984, 426 pages, EPA-560/TIIS-84-001A.
Available from: National Technical Information Service (NTIS),
Springfield, Virginia, 22161, (703) 487-4650.
Abstract: The EPA Chemical Activities Status Report (EPACASR) is a
compilation of EPA activities relating to chemical substances. Types
of documents or activities listed in the data base include technical
assistance information, pre-regulatory assessments, chemical and
biological testing programs, and monitoring programs, both completed
and in progress. Chemical-specific regulatory activities under the
Clean Air Act; Clean Water Act; Safe Drinking Water Act; Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; Toxic Substances Control
Act; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; Superfund; Atomic Energy
Act; and Energy Research and Development Act are also listed. Volume I
provides names and synonyms for chemicals included in the data base,
both alphabetically and by CAS registry number. Volume II contains
brief descriptions of EPA activities relating to each chemical.
4. PB84-213966 PC A99/MF E04
Chemical Activities Status Report. Fourth Edition, Volume II.
Eleanor T. Merrick
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances.
February 1984, 725 pages, EPA-560/TIIS-84-001B.
Available from: National Technical Information Service (NTIS),
Springfield, Virginia, 22161, (703) 487-4650.
Abstract: See PB84-213958 above.
5. Chemical Activities Status Report Tapes. February 1985.
Eleanor T. Merrick
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances.
Available from: Walter Finch, Director of Office of Product
Management, National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield,
Virginia, 22161, (703) 487-4805.
86
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Additional Information: Funding for updating the EPA Chemical
Activities Status Report (EPACASR) ended in 1984. An updated edition
of the data base described previously is available on tape which is
current through August 1984. No hard copy of the data is available.
Copies of the tape can be obtained through NTIS by requesting the
"EPACASR Tapes" dated February 1985. Two companies with copies of the
tapes provide on-line data base access services. Users may buy a
subscription which allows them to access the data base on their own
terminals through a modem, or they may hire one of the companies to do
on-line searches and data retrieval at a per hour rate.
Contact: Laurie Donaldson, Chemical Information Services (CIS, Inc.),
Baltimore, Maryland, 21212, (800) 247-8737 or (301) 821-5980. Or
contact Mark Posin, Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI), Washington,
D.C., (202) 822-5200.
Abstract: See PB84-213958 above.
6. Managers Guide to EPA Activities on Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Office of Toxic
Substances.
September 1984, 321 pages, TR-540-11.
Available from: Chemical Coordination Staff, Office of Toxic
Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W.,
Washington, D.C., 20460, (202) 475-6104.
Abstract: This report provides information on the status of EPA
activities on toxic and hazardous chemicals. The report is limited to
chemical-specific evaluation and regulatory activities under seven
statutes: Clean Air Act; Clean Water Act; Safe Drinking Water Act;
Superfund; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act; and Toxic Substances
Control Act. A tabular matrix is presented with the seven statutes
along the horizontal axis, chemicals along the vertical axis, and
project status in the cells of the matrix. The types of projects
listed in the matrix include several kinds of regulatory assessments
(such as health, risk, source, exposure and pre-regulatory assessments)
as well as dates of proposal and final rulemakings under the seven
statutes. Completed projects and current or planned activities
scheduled to occur in fiscal years 1983 through 1985 are included.
Depending on the statute under which a chemical is being evaluated or
regulated, the projects listed may focus on air or water media or they
may be multimedia projects. Indices which include a list of common
chemical nomenclature synonyms are also provided in the back of the
document. The information presented in this document is current as of
June 1984.
87
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APPENDIX ,
EPA OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER PROJECTS1
The EPA Office of Drinking Water (ODW) has studies underway on several
potentially toxic chemicals as part of its regulatory development
activities. Information on these projects has been included in the Air
Toxics Information Clearinghouse ongoing research and regulatory development
document because many toxic drinking water contaminants being studied by ODW
are also potential air pollutants. Clearinghouse users may find health
information generated by ODW projects useful. For further information on
the projects described below, contract: Joseph Cotruvo or Craig Vogt,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C.,
20016, (202) 382-7575.
Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency is required to publish regulations which apply to public drinking
water systems and control specific contaminants which in the Administrator's
judgment "may have any adverse effect on the health of persons." Under the
Act, ODW must set "recommended maximum contaminant levels" (RMCLs), which
are nonenforceable health goals, and "maximum contaminant levels" (MCLs),
which are enforceable standards. The RMCLs are to be set at a level where
no adverse human health effects are anticipated to occur and an adequate
margin of safety must be allowed. The MCLs are set as close to the RMCL as
feasible, depending on technical feasibility and cost.
The Office of Drinking Water has scheduled regulatory development in
four phases depending upon the type of contaminant:
• Phase 1 - volatile synthetic organic chemicals (VOCs);
• Phase 2 - synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs), inorganic chemicals
(lOCs), and microbial contaminants;
t Phase 3 - radionuclides; and
0 Phase 4 - disinfectant by-products.
Tables 1 through 3 list chemicals being considered under each of these
phases.
In general, the regulatory approach for all phases will be similar.
First, an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) will be published,
followed by a public comment period. The studies on health effects and
frequency of specific constituents in drinking water will be completed and
RMCLs will be proposed. A public comment period will follow. Next, RMCLs
will be promulgated and MCLs will be proposed. After another comment
period, MCLs will be promulgated. Table 4 gives a schedule for these
activities.
89
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It may be determined that regulations are not warranted for some of the
chemicals being studied under each phase. For such chemicals, ODW will
provide nonregulatory health guidance to the States or water systems.
Cotruvo, J. A. and C. Vogt. Development of Revised Primary Drinking Water
Regulations. American Water Works Association Journal, Vol. 76, No. 11,
pp. 34-38. November 1984.
TABLE 1. LIST OF PHASE 1 CHEMICALS
Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloroethane
Carbon tetrachloride
Vinyl chloride
Benzene
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
para-Dichlorobenzene
90
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TABLE 2. LIST OF PHASE 2 CHEMICALS
Inorganic Chemicals
Organic Chemicals
Arsenic
Cadmium
Lead
Nitrate
Silver
Barium
Chromium
Mercury
Asbestos
Sulfate
Copper
Nickel
Selenium
Fluoride
Aluminum
Cyanide
Molybdenum
Sodium
Endrin
Methoxychlor
2,4-D
Lindane
Toxaphene
2,4,5-TP
cis- and trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene
Dichlorobenzene(s)
Aldicarb
Chlordane
Acrylamide
Carbofuran
Heptachlor
Styrene
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
1,2-Dichloropropane
Pentachlorophenol
Alachlor
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
Epichlorohydrin
Xylene
Toluene
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
Chlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Atrazine
Heptachlor epoxide
91
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TABLE 3. LIST OF PHASE 3 AND 4 CHEMICALS
Phase 3: Radionuclides
Phase 4: Disinfection By-products
Radium 226
Radium 228
Gross alpha particle activity
Beta particle and photon radioactivity
Uranium
Radon
Trihalomethanes
Haloacid derivatives
Iodines
Chloramines
Bromine
Ozone
Dihaloacetonitriles
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide and ions
92
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TABLE 4. NATIONAL REVISED PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS SCHEDULE
Phase
Date
Phase 1: VOCs
Advance notice of proposed rulemaking
Propose RMCLs
Final RMCLs, propose MCLs
Final MCLs
Phase 2: SOCs, lOCs, Microbials
Advance notice of proposed rulemaking
Propose RMCLs
Final RMCLs, propose MCLs
Final MCLs
Phase 3: Radionuclides
Advance notice of proposed rulemaking
Propose RMCLs
Phase 4: Disinfection By-products
Advance notice of proposed rulemaking
March 4, 1982
June 12, 1984
November 13, 1985
October 1986a
October 5, 1983
November 13, 1985
March 1986a
March 1987a
October 5, 1983
May 1986a
1987
Estimated dates based on agency review lasting approximately 3 months.
93
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94
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