EPA-450/5-86-009
NATIONAL AIR TOXICS
INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials
How The Clearinghouse Can
Help to Answer Your
Air Toxics Questions
July 1986
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DON No. 86-239-001-02-05
EPA Contract No. 68-02-4330
Work Assignment No. 2
EPA 450/5-86-009
NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE:
HOW THE CLEARINGHOUSE CAN HELP TO
ANSWER YOUR AIR TOXICS QUESTIONS
Prepared for:
Beth Hassett
Project Officer
Strategies and Air Standards Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by:
Radian Corporation
3200 East Chapel Hill Road/Progress Center
Post Office Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region V, Library
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago. Illinois 60604
July 1986
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication as received from the Radian Corporation. Approval does not
signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
m
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PREFACE
EPA has focused most of its past efforts in the control of air toxics
on the Clean Air Act Section 112 National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAP) program. The Agency has undertaken measures that
will accelerate the standards setting process to reduce more rapidly the
risks resulting from exposure to air toxics. Yet there is still pressure
for information and action on the control of air toxics being brought to
bear by the public, who are concerned over continuing exposure to
potentially toxic air pollutants. This public pressure has had an impact
such that many State and local agencies have developed or are now actively
developing air toxics regulatory programs to complement Federal activities.
In addition to accelerating Section 112 Federal standards setting, EPA
is also supporting State and local air toxics control efforts through
negotiations for air program grants and development of technical information
documents addressing various aspects of program development. In conjunction
with grant negotiations, EPA is providing guidance on preparation of
multiyear development plans for State and local air toxics programs and has
identified an air toxics coordinator for each EPA regional office.
In response to requests for assistance from State and local agencies,
EPA has designed and is implementing an information dissemination center,
known as the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse. The
Clearinghouse is composed of a computerized data base known as NATICH, which
contains indexed information on toxic and potentially toxic air pollutants.
The Clearinghouse also publishes several special reports such as this one,
hard copy reports of information from the data base, and a quarterly
newsletter. The Clearinghouse has been designed and is being implemented in
close coordination with the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administrators (STAPPA) and the Association of Local Air Pollution Control
Officials (ALAPCO).
The purpose of this report is to complement the effort now underway to
prepare and implement multiyear development plans by showing how the
Clearinghouse can help to answer questions commonly asked by State and local
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agencies involved with air toxics assessment and control. Several sources
were consulted to develop a series of questions and problem scenarios
typical of those that State and local agencies might face in developing and
implementing air toxics control programs, handling complaints, completing
new source review permits, and carrying on other similar work that may not
be part of a control program.
Other publications prepared by the Clearinghouse which may be useful to
you include:
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Rationale for Air
Toxics Control in Seven State and Local Agencies, EPA 450/5-86-005,
PB86 181179/AS, August 1985;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: NATICH Data Base
Report on State and Local Agency Air Toxics Activities,
EPA 450/5-86-006, September 1985 (update scheduled for publication
in July 1986);
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: NATICH Data Base
Users Guide for Data Viewing, EPA 450/5-85-008, PB86 123601/AS,
September 1985;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Ongoing Research
and Regulatory Development Projects, EPA 450/5-86-007, June 1986;
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Bibliography of
Selected Reports and Federal Register Notices Related to Air
Toxics, EPA 450/5-86-008, July 1986; and
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse Newsletter:
12 issues, December 1983 through June 1986.
Finally, it is important to note that Clearinghouse information,
including the bibliographies and list of ongoing EPA projects cited above,
is updated annually. Further, the Clearinghouse requests annual data
updates from State and local agencies by mailing these agencies copies of
the data they had previously submitted to the Clearinghouse and requesting
revisions to the data, as well as sending a set of data collection forms for
submitting new information. Occasionally, agencies have had more
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information to submit than is practical to write on the data collection
forms (e.g., permitting records). In such cases, the Clearinghouse staff
and these agencies have worked together to transfer information directly
from agency computer systems to NATICH.
The Clearinghouse staff has also worked with EPA staff responsible for
developing the interim Aerometric Information and Retrieval System (AIRS)
data base. The Clearinghouse is exploring the feasibility of exchanging
ambient monitoring data with AIRS.
To obtain additional information on data submission or on accessing the
NATICH data base, contact the Clearinghouse staff at EPA's Pollutant
Assessment Branch in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina at
(919) 541-5519 or FTS 629-5519.
VII
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ABSTRACT
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse has been established
by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) for the
purpose of aiding information transfer among Federal, State, and local air
quality management agencies. This report has been published as part of that
effort. Its purpose is to illustrate how the Clearinghouse can help to
answer questions commonly asked by State and local agencies involved with
air toxics assessment and control. The Appendix to this report includes an
index to the 12 issues of the Clearinghouse Newsletter.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
Part 1 A Word About the Clearinghouse and This Report 1
Part 2 Questions Frequently Asked During Program Development
and Implementation 5
2.1 Problem Definition 5
2.2 Program Design 43
2.3 Implementation 50
2.4 Enforcement 53
2.5 Progress Measurement 55
Part 3 Probl em Scenari os 59
3.1 Indoor Air 59
3.2 Wei fare Problems 60
3.3 New Sources 63
3.4 Additional Pollutants 64
3.5 Accidental Releases 65
APPENDIX A Index to Clearinghouse Newsletters A-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
On-1ine Reports 2
2 EPA Regional Office Air Toxics Contacts 56
xm
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
A NATICH On-1ine Report 2 7
B NATICH On-1ine Report 1 9
C NATICH On-1ine Report 3 12
D NATICH On-1ine Report 11 13
E NATICH On-1ine Report 7 14
F NATICH On-1ine Report 13 16
G NATICH On-line Report 17 18
H NATICH On-1ine Report 8 19
I NATICH On-1ine Report 14 20
J NATICH On-1ine Report 18 21
K NATICH On-1ine Report 9 24
L NATICH On-1ine Report 15 25
M NATICH On-1ine Report 20 26
N NATICH On-1ine Report 19 29
0 NATICH On-1ine Report 21 33
P NATICH On-line Report 4 36
Q NATICH On-1ine Report 12 37
R NATICH On-1ine Report 6 38
S NATICH On-1ine Report 5 49
T NATICH On-1ine Report 16 62
xv
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PART 1. A WORD ABOUT THE CLEARINGHOUSE AND THIS REPORT
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse has been established
as a cooperative effort by EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS), the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administrators (STAPPA), and the Association of Local Air Pollution
Officials (ALAPCO) to aid information transfer among Federal, State, and
local air quality management agencies. This report illustrates how the
Clearinghouse, specifically the NATICH data base, and other sources of
information can help to answer the questions State or local agencies might
face in working to control air toxics.
The goal of the Clearinghouse is to help users find information, either
in the form of contacts in other agencies who are knowledgeable in a
specific area or in the form of published reports. To meet this goal, the
Clearinghouse includes information provided by State and local agencies on a
variety of topics including air toxics program information, acceptable
ambient concentrations, pollutant research, methods development activities,
nonhealth-related impacts, permitting, source testing, ambient monitoring,
and emission inventory work. Knowledgeable contacts in each area are listed
for each agency. Bibliographic information from several Federal agencies
and references to ongoing EPA and National Institute of Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH) projects are also included in the Clearinghouse.
Information is available from the Clearinghouse in two forms: the
NATICH on-line data base and hard copy reports. In either form, sufficient
data are presented to allow users to determine if they would like to call
the contacts listed to obtain further information.
Instructions for logging on to the on-line data base are found in the
report entitled "National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: NATICH Data
Base Users Guide for Data Viewing," EPA 450/5-85-008, September 1985, and in
the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse Newsletter, March 1986.
For more information on these publications, call the Clearinghouse staff at
EPA's Pollutant Assessment Branch in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
at (919) 541-5519 or FTS 629-5519. On-line, information is accessed by
calling on certain reports by report number. These reports are listed in
Table 1 and described in this report.
1
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TABLE 1. NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION
CLEARINGHOUSE ON-LINE REPORTS
AGENCY INFORMATION
1. View Agency Name, Address, Telephone Number, Contacts
2. View Air Toxics Program Information by Agency
3. View Acceptable Ambient Air Concentrations by Agency
4. View Pollutant Research Information by Agency
5. View Methods Development Activities by Agency
6. View Non-Health Related Impacts Information by Agency
7. View Permitting Information by Agency
8. View Source Testing Information by Agency
9. View Ambient Air Monitoring Data by Agency
POLLUTANT INFORMATION
10. View List of Pollutants and CAS Numbers
11. View Acceptable Ambient Air Concentrations by Pollutant
12. View Pollutant Research Information by Pollutant
13. View Permitting Information by Pollutant
14. View Source Testing Information by Pollutant
15. View Ambient Monitoring Information by Pollutant
SOURCE INFORMATION
16. View SIC Codes and Industry Categories
17. View Permitting Information by SIC Code
18. View Source Testing Information by SIC Code
RESEARCH
19. View Bibliographic and Ongoing Research Citations by Key Word
EMISSION INVENTORY
20. View Emission Inventory Data
RISK INFORMATION
21. View Selected EPA Preliminary Risk Analysis Results
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Clearinghouse information is published in hard copy form annually in
three reports: (1) the information from State and local agencies and
selected EPA preliminary risk analyses, (2) the bibliographic citations, and
(3) the list of relevant ongoing EPA and NIOSH research and regulatory
development projects. For more information on these hard copy reports,
contact the Clearinghouse staff at the telephone numbers listed on page 1.
In addition to the on-line data base and hard copy reports, the
Clearinghouse publishes a quarterly Newsletter and occasional special
reports such as this one.
This report emphasizes accessing the NATICH on-line date base.
Accessing information on-line requires more explanation than use of the hard
copy report because the on-line user must select the most appropriate data
access point. Once the user decides how best to look for information, the
appropriate on-line report number must be selected. Data access points vary
depending on the type of information, but usually include pollutant, source
category, and agency. The same information is available in the hard copy
report with the exception of data on permitting and source testing. Due to
the large quantity of data on these topics, the hard copy abbreviates these
data somewhat. In addition, data are continuously added to the data base
and the new information, while available on-line immediately, is presented
only annually in the hard copy report.
The report's questions and case study scenarios have come from a
variety of sources, reflecting many of the actual questions the
Clearinghouse has fielded. Some questions and case study scenarios were
derived from EPA experience in helping agencies use the Clearinghouse and in
reviewing State and local agency air toxics control work. State and local
agency and EPA regional representatives in the Clearinghouse working group
also suggested questions. After developing the list of questions and the
problem scenarios, Clearinghouse staff members familiar with the NATICH
on-line data base, reports, and newsletters prepared descriptions of how the
Clearinghouse has and can continue to help to address your questions and
problems.
This report contains three main sections and one appendix. The first
section is this introduction. The second section presents frequently asked
questions and their answers phrased as the Clearinghouse might present them
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to you. This section's arrangement reflects the phases your agency might
typically go through in developing and implementing an air toxics control
program. These phases include: air toxics problem definition, program
design, implementation, enforcement, and progress measurement. The third
section presents problem scenarios which illustrate the kind of help the
Clearinghouse can offer on a daily basis to State or local air agencies
coping with air toxics problems, regardless of whether the agency has an air
toxics control program or not. Appendix A is an index, grouped by major
subject headings, of all Clearinghouse Newsletter articles published through
June 1986. The index is included here to help users locate useful
information found in Newsletter articles. Twelve issues of the Newsletter
have been published to date. This is the first time an index to the
Newsletters has been made available.
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PART 2. QUESTIONS FREQUENTLY ASKED DURING PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
Many State and local agencies have recently decided to develop and
implement programs to reduce emissions of toxic air pollutants. These
agencies are finding that the program development process requires several
important steps: problem definition, program design, implementation,
enforcement, and progress measurement. These steps are discussed in detail
in a report prepared for EPA's Control Programs Development Division (CPDD)
entitled, "State and Local Air Toxics Programs: Initial Development
Support," November 1985. This report is available from CPDD by calling
(919) 541-5591 or FTS 629-5591.
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse can help provide
answers to many of the questions that might arise during these phases.
Although the Clearinghouse will not be able to answer all questions per se,
it can, at minimum, provide contact names and telephone numbers or
references to technical support/guidance documents.
Five elements of the program development process are listed below and
scenarios are presented that will enable you to understand how the
Clearinghouse can be useful in each step.
2.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
The objective of this phase of air toxics program development is to
identify, collect, and evaluate background information useful in making
sound and informed decisions about the need for and approach to regulating
emissions of air toxics.
SCENARIO. Over the past few years your agency has heard
more and more about air toxics. You have received several
citizen complaints about odors as well as questions about cancer
occurrence. Your neighboring States are initiating air toxics
control programs and EPA has asked you for a multi-year
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development plan outlining your future air toxics activities.
You have decided that you need to look more closely at the air
toxics problem in your State and prepare a statement of need to
present to your legislature or other decision-making body
outlining why an air toxics control program is or is not
necessary for your agency. At this point, some of the following
questions will probably be asked:
1. How can your agency find out which agencies have air toxics
control programs already in place? How do you find the
appropriate contacts in these agencies? That is, who is
knowledgeable within specific air toxics subject areas, and what
are their telephone numbers?
The Clearinghouse can help with all of these questions. As with all of
the questions in this report that the Clearinghouse can answer, you can find
answers either by accessing the NATICH data base on-line or by using the
latest edition of the hard copy report. In response to the first question,
both sources show which State and local agencies have reported to the
Clearinghouse that they have air toxics control programs in place and which
have reported that they are developing programs. On-line, you can select
Report 2 for this information. Report 2 gives State and local agency
responses to a series of 13 questions pertaining to various characteristics
of an air toxics control program. You can access the information by agency,
by control program characteristic, or by a combination of characteristics.
For example, Report 2 will list all the agencies that report having an air
toxics control program in place. Report 2 is illustrated in Figure A.
One of the primary aims of the Clearinghouse is to put users in
contact with people, either in other State/local agencies or at EPA, who can
help them. To this end, the Clearinghouse lists contacts in six areas of
expertise for each State and local agency that has submitted information to
the Clearinghouse. The six areas are: regulatory program, permitting,
source testing, ambient monitoring, emission inventory, and health effects.
The contact names and telephone numbers are found in Report 1. Figure B
illustrates the content of Report 1.
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Figure A. NATICH On-line Report 2
REPORT 2. AIR TOXICS PROGRAM INFORMATION
STATE: IL AGENCY: IL Env. Prot. Agency, Div. of Air Pollution Control
REGULATORY CONTACT: Paul Purseglove PHONE: (217) 782-7326
PROGRAM STATUS
Y 1. Air Toxics Control Program (ATCP) in place?
N 2. Developing an ATCP?
PROGRAM STRUCTURE
N 3. ATCP based on promulgated regulations?
Y 4. ATCP based on information guidelines?
PROGRAM SCOPE
N 5. Scope limited to specific list of pollutants?
N 6. Scope limited to list of sources/source categories?
APPLICATION
Y 7. Use acceptable ambient cone, in permit review process?
N 8. Formally adopted ambient stds for non-criteria pollutants?
Y 9. Ambient conc/stds based on safety factor applied to TLV?
Y 10. Ambient conc/stds based on orig. health effects research?
Y 11. Use control tech. req. for sources of specific pollutants?
Y 12. Use risk assessment on case-specific basis?
Y 13. Maintain an emissions inventory for air toxics?
COMMENTS ON CLARIFICATIONS:
This Agency is currently evaluating various risk assessment procedures being
used in other Federal or State agencies to allow us to use their experiences
to design the best approach for IEPA. However, we are reviewing permits,
evaluating air toxics impacts, and if necessary, requesting emission
controls.
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Figure A. (Continued)
REPORT 2. AIR TOXICS PROGRAM INFORMATION
(ENTER "Y" TO SELECT PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS)
PROGRAM STATUS
Y 1. Air toxics control program (ATCP) in place?
2. Developing an ATCP?
PROGRAM STRUCTURE
3. ATCP based on promulgated regulations?
_ 4. ATCP based on informal guidelines?
PROGRAM SCOPE
Y 5. Scope limited to specific list of pollutants?
6. Scope limited to list of sources/source categories?
APPLICATION
7. Use acceptable ambient concentration in permit review process?
8. Formally adopted ambient standards for noncriteria pollutants?
9. Ambient conc/stds based on safety factor applied to TLV?
10. Ambient conc/stds based on original health effects research?
Y 11. Use control tech. req. for sources of specified pollutants?
12. Use risk assessment on case-specific basis?
13. Maintain an emissions inventory for air toxics?
REPORT 2. AIR TOXICS PROGRAM INFORMATION
PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS SELECTED:
1: Y 2: 3: 4: 5: Y 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11: Y 12: 13:
STATE AGENCY REGULATORY CONTACT PHONE NUMBER
CA
CA
CA
FL
IL
NJ
OH
OR
SC
WA
CA
CA-BAAQMD
CA-MONT.
FL-JACKSON
I L- EVAN.
NJ
OH-CLEVE.
OR -LANE
SC
WA
William V. Loscutoff
Ed Miller
Fred Thoits
Diane Swartz
Vern Odom
Bob Myers
Richard A. Dell
Paul Willhite
Phil Brantley
Catherine Bens
(916) 445-0650
(415) 771-6000
(408) 443-1135
(904) 633-3033
(312) 866-2952
(609) 292-6704
(216) 664-3591
(503) 726-2514
(803) 758-5406
(206) 459-6711
8
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Figure B. NATICH On-line Report 1
REPORT 1.
AGENCY NAME, ADDRESS, PHONE #, AND CONTACTS
NAME: TN Dept. of Public Health, Div. of Air Pollution Control
ADDRESS: 150 9th Avenue N., Terra Building
CITY: Nashville STATE: TN
ZIP: 37203 PHONE: (615) 741-3651
SUBJECT AREA
CONTACT NAME
TELEPHONE
Regulatory Program:
Permitting:
Source Tests:
Ambient Monitoring:
Emissions Inventory:
Health Effects:
Barry Stevens
James Haynes
Jeryl Stewart
Robert Foster
Barry Stevens
Robert Foster
(615) 741-3651
(615) 741-3931
(615) 741-3931
(615) 741-3931
(615) 741-3651
(615) 741-3931
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In addition to the Clearinghouse data base, the quarterly newsletter
frequently publishes articles written by State and local agencies describing
some aspect of their air toxics work. Contact names and telephone numbers
are typically given in each article. An index to the Newsletters is found
in Appendix A.
2. Which agencies have air toxics control programs based upon
informal guidelines and which have programs based upon something
more formal such as promulgated regulations? What are the
problems and the advantages associated with both approaches?
How does your agency's statutory authority compare with that of
other agencies?
The Clearinghouse can help you find out which agencies base their
control programs on informal guidelines and which use promulgated
regulations. This information is found in Report 2 (see Figure A). The
data base does not have information on the advantages and disadvantages of
these two regulatory approaches. Once you have identified some agencies
that use each approach, however, you are encouraged to call the contact
listed for that agency and discuss the agency's experience with a particular
approach.
The Clearinghouse has not asked agencies to provide an analysis of
their regulatory authority. If you are interested in this topic you should
identify potential contacts based on some program characteristics (Report 2)
and use the Clearinghouse to obtain contact names and telephone numbers for
agencies reporting about programs which might be compatible with your
available authority.
Similarly, the Clearinghouse cannot show you how your agency would
compare specifically with other agencies on regulatory authority, but it can
help you identify useful contacts. For example, if your agency determines
that it is necessary to use formally adopted ambient standards, you would be
able to identify other agencies using this approach, again, through Report 2
of the on-line data base.
3. Which pollutants should you be concerned about? What pollutants
are other agencies regulating and what averaging times are
associated with the acceptable ambient concentrations? Which
pollutants have been or are being assessed by EPA and which of
these already have NESHAPs established for them?
10
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Although the Clearinghouse does not designate which pollutants are
hazardous, you can draw some conclusions on this topic based on information
submitted by participating agencies. For example, you can find out what
acceptable ambient concentrations have been set by participating agencies,
the averaging times associated with these concentrations, as well as what
pollutants have been addressed in permits, source tests, ambient monitoring,
and emission inventories.
Information on acceptable ambient concentrations, permitting, source
testing, ambient monitoring, and emission inventories is available from a
variety of access points. Data on acceptable ambient concentrations can be
accessed by agency in Report 3 and by pollutant in Report 11. These reports
are illustrated in Figures C and D. Report 3 lists the pollutants and
associated Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) numbers, acceptable ambient
concentrations, and averaging times for each agency that has reported this
information. Report 11 allows the user to select a specific pollutant of
interest and then see which agencies have established acceptable ambient
concentrations for that pollutant and what these concentrations and
associated averaging times are.
Similarly, permitting information can be accessed by agency (Report 7),
pollutant (Report 13), and by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code
(Report 17). Pollutants are accessed using CAS registry numbers or
pollutant names. Figures E, F, and G illustrate the Reports 7, 13, and 17,
respectively. Permitting information includes the agency name, permit
identifier, and contact name and telephone number, as well as the SIC code
of the source, the type of facility permitted, the year the permit was
issued, type of control equipment, pollutants, their CAS numbers, and
emission limits.
Source testing information is also available by agency (Report 8),
pollutant (Report 14), and SIC code (Report 18). These are illustrated in
Figures H, I, and 0. Information provided on source testing includes the
facility category (e.g., municipal waste incinerator), SIC code, year of
test, sampling technique, analytical method, pollutants and CAS numbers,
emission rates, and sample locations.
Accessing permitting and source testing information is a two-step
process. First, you will find a brief description of the permitted or
tested facility, each accompanied by an access code. Then, you can get more
11
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REPORT 3.
Figure C. NATICH On-line Report 3
ACCEPTABLE AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS BY AGENCY
STATE: VA AGENCY: VA Air Pollution Control Board
REGULATORY CONTACT: Melinda S. Osborne PHONE: (804) 786-4867
POLLUTANT
CAS #
CONC
UNITS AV TM
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acetylene tetrabromide
Acetyl salicylic acid
Acrolein
Acryl an
Acrylic acid
Acryl onitrile
Aldrin
Etc. ...
75-07-0
69-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
79-27-6
50-78-2
107-02-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
309-00-2
3000.0000
400.0000
160.0000
30000.0000
1100.0000
3.0000
250.0000
80.0000
4.0000
5.0000
450.0000
45.0000
4.0000
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
24 hr
12
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Figure D. NATICH On-line Report 11
REPORT 11. ACCEPTABLE AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS BY POLLUTANT
POLLUTANT: Formaldehyde CAS #: 50-00-0
AGENCY CONC UNIT AV TM
CT
IL
IN-SBH
MA
NC
NV
NY
PA-PHIL.
VA
WA-OLYMPIA
12.0000
0.0150
18.0000
0.2000
300.0000
0.0710
2.0000
7.2000
12.0000
0.0500
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
MG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
PPM
8 hr
1 yr
8 hr
24 hr
15 min
8 hr
1 yr
1 yr
24 hr
13
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REPORT 7.
STATE: TN AGENCY:
PERMITTING CONTACT:
SIC
Figure E. NATICH On-line Report 7
PERMITTED FACILITIES BY AGENCY
Chattanooga-Hamilton Co. Air Pollution Control Bureau
Rodney D. Hames PHONE: (615) 867-4321
FACILITY CATEGORY
DATE
ACCESS
2491 Wood treatment with creosote 1972 99971
2819 HCL-acid plant 1972 99918
2819 Semi-works gas, HCL, and HBR, scrubber system 1972 99917
2822 Synthetic rubber polymerization 1972 99977
2865
2865
2865
2865
Etc. ..
Synthesis of benzyl chloride and benzotrichloride 1982
Purification of benzyl chloride, benzotrichloride 1972
Production of benzoflex (registered trademark) 1982
Benzoflex (registered trademark) esterfication 1982
99902
99901
99900
99897***
***
^
Users must note access numbers of interest in order to call up more
information about a specific permit. The continuation of this^figure on
the next page gives more information on a permit for benzoflex
esterfication, access number 99897.
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ENTER ACCESS #: 99897***
REPORT 7.
STATE: TN AGENCY:
PERMITTING CONTACT:
ACCESS #:
Figure E. (Continued)
PERMIT DESCRIPTION
Chattanooga-Hamilton Co. Air Pollution Control Bureau
Rodney D. Hames PHONE: (615) 867-4321
99897
FACILITY CATEGORY: Benzoflex* Esterification Process
4-DIGIT SIC CODE: 2865
YEAR PERMIT ISSUED: 1982
LATEST YEAR AMENDED:
PERMIT ID #: 3500-30199999-53
CONTROL EQUIPMENT: Uncontrolled
OTHER COMMENTS:
POLLUTANT
CAS I
EM LIMIT
UNIT
SOURCE
Benzoic acid
Diethylene glycol
Dipropylene glycol
Propanediol, 1,2-
Toluene
65-85-0
111-46-6
110-98-5
57-55-6
108-88-3
0.1000
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.1400
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
***
See the previous page for an explanation of the access number.
15
-------
Figure F. NATICH On-line Report 13
REPORT 13. PERMITTED SOURCES BY POLLUTANT
POLLUTANT: Cadmium CAS #: 7440-43-9
AGENCY
SIC
FACILITY CATEGORY
ACCESS
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
MN
Etc. ...
0000
0000
3241
3351
3711
4953
Chrysler Corp.
Kestor Solder
Waste Alcohol Fuel in Dryers #1, 2, 3
Solder and Flux Operation
Automobile Fabricating Plant
Electric Utility Burning RDF
99959
99938
99644
99698
99697***
99769
***
Users must note access numbers of interest in order to call up more
information about a specific permit. The continuation of this figure on
the next page gives more information on a permit issued by the State of
Illinois for an automobile fabricating plant, access number 99697.
16
-------
ENTER ACCESS #: 99697***
REPORT 13.
Figure F. (Continued)
PERMIT DESCRIPTION
DATE: IL AGENCY: IL Env. Prot. Agency, Div. of Air Pollution Control
PERMITTING CONTACT: Paul M. Purseglove PHONE: (217) 782-7326
FACILITY CATEGORY: Automobile Fabricating Plant
4-DIGIT SIC CODE: 3711
YEAR PERMIT ISSUED: 8/20/85
LATEST YEAR AMENDED:
PERMIT ID#: 73050691
CONTROL EQUIPMENT:
OTHER COMMENTS:
POLLUTANT
CAS #
EM LIMIT
UNIT
SOURCE
Cadmium
Chlorine
Chromium
Lead powder
7440-43-9
7782-50-5
7440-47-3
7439-92-1
0
1
0
0
.0008
.8900
.0020
.0350
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
Waste
Waste
Waste
Waste
oil
oil
oil
oil
in
in
in
in
boiler
boiler
boiler
boiler
***
See the previous page for an explanation of the access number.
17
-------
Figure G. NATICH On-line Report 17
REPORT 17. PERMITTING SOURCES BY SIC CODE
SIC: 4953
AGENCY SIC
AL 4953
IL 4953
MN 4953
MN 4953
Etc. ...
***
FACILITY CATEGORY
Municipal incinerator
16 tanks/still/boiler
Municipal waste incinerator
Electric utility burning RDF
ACCESS
99772
99686
99996***
99769
Users must note access numbers of interest in order to call up more
information about a specific permit. For example, more information
appears below for this incinerator in Minnesota.
REPORT 17.
PERMIT DESCRIPTION
STATE: MN AGENCY: MN Pollution Control Agency, Div. of Air Quality
ACCESS #: 99996***
PERMITTING CONTACT: Mike Hansel PHONE: (612) 296-7371
FACILITY CONTACT: Municipal Waste Incinerator
4-DIGIT SIC CODE: 4953
YEAR PERMIT ISSUED: 1984
LATEST YEAR AMENDED:
PERMIT ID#: 2011-84-1/0-1
CONTROL EQUIPMENT: Mechanical collector and electrostatic precipitation
OTHER COMMENTS:
POLLUTANT
CAS #
EM LIMIT
UNIT
SOURCE
Arsenic and compound
Beryl 1 i urn
Fluorine
Hydrogen chloride
Lead powder
Mercury
7440-38-2
7440-41-7
7782-41-4
7647-01-0
7439-92-1
7439-97-6
2.0000
0.0200
20.0000
70.0000
0.0150
0.1000
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
Combustion
Combustion
Combustion
Combustion
Combustion
Combustion
18
-------
Figure H. NATICH On-line Report 8
REPORT 8.
STATE: TX AGENCY:
SOURCE TEST CONTACT:
TESTED FACILITIES BY AGENCY
TX Air Control Board
Maxine Oenks
PHONE: (512) 451-5711
SIC
FACILITY CATEGORY
DATE
ACCESS
2819
2911
2951
4953
4953
4953
***
Chemical manufacturing
Refinery
Hot mix plant
Hazardous waste landfill
Municipal waste incinerators
Municipal waste incinerators
09/10/83
12/00/84
04/09/84
10/11/82
00/00/85
00/00/85
99853
99854***
99855
99828
99802
99801
Users must note access numbers of interest in order to call up more
information about a specific source test. For example, more information
appears below for the test at this Texas refinery, access number 99854.
REPORT 8.
STATE: TX AGENCY:
SOURCE TEST CONTACT:
ACCESS #:
FACILITY CATEGORY:
4-DIGIT CODE:
YEAR PERMIT ISSUED:
TEST ID #:
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
OTHER COMMENTS:
SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION
TX Air Control Board
Maxine Jenks
99854***
Refinery
2911
12/00/84
CL-TX-ST-2
Pesticide head hi-vols + GC
GC/MS
PHONE: (512) 451-5711
POLLUTANT
CAS #
EM RATE
UNIT
LOCATION
Benzene
Tetrachl oroethyl ene
Toluene
Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-
Xylene, M-
71-43-2
127-18-4
108-88-3
71-55-6
108-38-3
2563.0000
34.0000
4631.0000
38.0000
64.0000
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
UG/M3
Downwi nd
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
19
-------
Figure I. NATICH On-line Report 14
REPORT 14. SOURCE TESTING INFORMATION BY POLLUTANT
ENTER CAS # OR POLLUTANT NAME: 50-00-0
POLLUTANT: Formaldehyde CAS #: 50-00-0
AGENCY
SIC
FACILITY CATEGORY
ACCESS
CO
OR
RI
WI
***
2436
2821
2261
2492
Wafer Board Manufacturing
Synthetic Resin Manufacture
Textile Finishing
Wafer Board Plant - Line 1
99805
99858
99800
99795***
Users must note access numbers of interest in order to call up more
information about a specific source test. In this example, more
information was requested for a wafer board plant, access number 99795.
REPORT 14.
SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION
STATE: WI AGENCY: WI Dept. of Nat. Res., Bureau of Air Management
SOURCE TEST CONTACT: Joe Perez PHONE: (608) 266-8401
ACCESS #: 99795***
FACILITY'CATEGORY: Wafer Board Plant Line 1
4-DIGIT CODE:
TEST DATE:
TEST ID #:
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
OTHER COMMENTS:
2492
84/09/19
858009020
Impingers in an ice bath
Ambient air test
Method published in American Ind. Hygiene Assoc.
Journal 43(11): 845-852 (1982)
POLLUTANT
CAS #
EM RATE
UNIT
SOURCE
Formaldehyde
50-00-0
1.9910
LB/HR
Press vents 2 of 4
20
-------
Figure J. NATICH On-line Report 18
REPORT 18. SOURCE TESTING INFORMATION BY SIC CODE
ENTER 2-, 3-, OR 4-DIGIT SIC CODE: 4953
REPORT 18. TESTED SOURCES
SIC: 4953
AGENCY
SIC
FACILITY CATEGORY
ACCESS
AL
CA-SCAQMD
CA-SCAQMD
CA-SCAQMD
CA-SCAQMD
MN
OR
TX
TX
TX
4953
4953
4953
4953
4953
4953
4953
4953
4953
4953
Municipal incinerator
Hazardous waste management facility
Hazardous waste management facility
Fluid treatment plant
Treatment of non-hazardous liquid wastes
3 M Chemolite incinerator
Municipal solid waste incineration
Hazardous waste landfill
Municipal waste incinerators
Municipal waste incinerators
99789
99848***
99847
99844
99822
99792
99862
99828
99802
99801
***
Users must note access numbers of interest in order to call up more
information about a specific source test. For example, the continuation
of this figure on the next page gives more information about a test
conducted at a hazardous waste management facility in California's South
Coast Air Quality Management District, access number 99848.
21
-------
Figure J. (Continued)
REPORT 18.
STATE: CA AGENCY:
ACCESS #: 99848***
SOURCE TESTING CONTACT:
FACILITY CATEGORY:
4-DIGIT SIC CODE:
TEST DATE:
TEST ID #:
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
OTHER COMMENTS:
SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION
South Coast Air Quality Management District
E. Camarena PHONE: (818) 572-6296
Hazardous Waste Management Facility
4953
05/31/84
84-287
Evacuated glass "grab" sample bulb
FID/GC, EC/GC, PID/GC
POLLUTANT
CAS #
EM RATE
UNIT
LOCATION
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Tetrachl oroethyl ene
Toluene
Trichl oroethyl ene
Vinyl chloride
71-43-2
56-23-5
67-66-3
127-18-4
108-88-3
79-01-6
75-01-4
200.0000
0.6000
25.0000
150.0000
550.0000
80.0000
500.0000
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
Flare collection
Flare collection
Flare collection
Flare collection
Flare collection
Flare collection
Flare collection
***
See previous page for an explanation of the access number.
22
-------
detailed information by selecting the access code for each specific permit
or source test in which you are interested.
Agency name and pollutant are the access points for ambient monitoring
information in Reports 9 and 15, respectively. These reports are
illustrated in Figures K and L. Ambient monitoring information is provided
on sampling site, sampling and analytical techniques used, and pollutants
monitored. Emission inventory information is found in Report 20 (Figure M).
It can be accessed by agency, by emission inventory characteristics, or by a
combination of these characteristics. Report 20 lists answers to questions
which address the status, data collection methodology, scope, and
information contained in an agency's emission inventory, including inventory
results (see Figure M).
To find out which pollutants EPA is assessing and which pollutants
already have NESHAPs, you would need to consult the bibliographic citations
of EPA reports and Federal Register notices and the compilation of ongoing
EPA research and regulatory development projects. On-line, this information
is found in Report 19. Report 19 is illustrated in Figure N. Bibliographic
citations can be accessed by document number or key word. If you know a
specific document by document number, you could use that access point to
view the abstract, price information, authors, and key words used to
reference that document. Each document has been assigned key words
pertaining to pollutant, source, reference type, and sponsoring agency
acronym. You can use any or all of these key word categories to find
citations. For example, you could enter the CAS number for beryllium and
the reference type "NESHAP" for documents supporting the beryllium NESHAP.
(A key to the reference type and agency abbreviations is given in Report 19.)
To review the intent-to-list decisions, you would use "FR" for Federal
Register notice as the reference type.
All Background Information Documents for existing NESHAPs are included
in the bibliographic citations, and all final rulemaking notices for NESHAPs
can be found by accessing Federal Register notices. All preregulatory
assessment notices, intent-to-list decisions, and intent-not-to-regulate
decisions pertaining to future NESHAP development are cited in the Federal
23
-------
REPORT 9.
Figure K. NATICH On-line Report 9
POLLUTANTS MONITORED BY AGENCY
STATE: TX AGENCY:
AMBIENT MONITORING CONTACT:
POLLUTANTS MONITORED:
Aluminum
Arsenic and compounds as AS
Cadmium
Chlorine
Cobalt
Iodine
Lead powder
Molybdenum
Phosphorous (yellow)
Selenium compounds, as SE
Zirconium compounds, as ZR
Etc. ...
TX Air Control
Maxine Jenks
Board
PHONE: (512) 451-5711
Antimony
Barium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Manganese
Nickel
Potassium
Zinc
Acrylonitrile
Note pollutants of interest (exact spelling as it appears on screen)
ENTER POLLUTANT NAME TO VIEW MONITORING INFORMATION (OR TO EXIT):
ACRYLONITRILE
REPORT 9.
AMBIENT MONITORING INFORMATION BY AGENCY
STATE: TX AGENCY:
AMBIENT MONITORING CONTACT:
POLLUTANT:
CITY:
COUNTY:
BEGIN DATE:
END DATE:
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
TX Air Control Board
Maxine Jenks
Acrylonitrile
Houston
1985
1985
High-volume sampler
GC/MS
PHONE: (512) 451-5711
24
-------
Figure L. NATICH On-line Report 15
REPORT 15. AMBIENT MONITORING DATA BY POLLUTANT
POLLUTANT: Cadmium CAS #: 7440-43-9
AGENCY
DATES
CITY
COUNTY
AZ
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
Etc. ...
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
1985/1985
AJO
Bakersfield
Citrus Heights
Concord
El Cajon
El Monte
Fremont
Fresno
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Merced
25
-------
Figure M. NATICH On-line Report 20
REPORT 20. EMISSIONS INVENTORY INFORMATION
(ENTER 'Y' OR " TO SELECT PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS)
INVENTORY STATUS
Y 1. We have compiled an air toxics emission inventory.
_ 2. If no inventory exists, are there plans to compile one?
DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY
3. Is your inventory based on data supplied through the permit
process?
_ 4. Is your inventory based on questionnaires sent to sources?
5. How often is your inventory information updated? (Choose one)
All data updated regularly
Portions updated regularly
_ Updated irregularly
Existing inventory is the result of a one-time effort with no
known plans to update
INVENTORY SCOPE
6. Inventory cover specific list of pollutants?
Y A specific list of pollutants
Inventory "open-ended," covering any substance for which
information is provided
7. Does inventory cover primarily larger point sources?
_ 8. Does inventory information include small sources that are
typically handled as area sources in criteria pollutant
inventories
9. Are there any particular sources or source categories that are the
main focus of the emission inventory?
INVENTORY INFORMATION
10. What types of data are collected and stored?
Source description
Stack and exhaust data
Throughput activity levels
_ Control device type and efficiencies
Emission estimates
26
-------
Figure M. (Continued)
Permit/compliance data
SIC codes
CAS numbers
Ambient fenceline guidelines
11. How are total emissions determined?
Emissions data supplied by industry
Agency uses emission factors to calculate emissions
Both of above
12. Is the inventory computerized? (i.e., created and maintained
using a computer)
NOTE: Agency specific information also provides the number of sources and
pollutants covered, and includes these two additional questions.
INVENTORY SIZE
13. How many sources are included in inventory?
14. How many pollutants are included in inventory?
REPORT 20.
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INFORMATION
INVENTORY CHARACTERISTICS SELECTED:
1: Y 2:
10:
STATE
ID
PA
RI
TX
MI
3: 4:
AGENCY
ID
PA- PHIL
RI
TX
MI
5: 6: Y 7:
11: 12:
EMISSIONS CONTACT
Kenneth Brooks
Nicholas Ciceretti
Barbara Main
Jim Price
Jim Rickun
8: 9:
PHONE NUMBER
(208) 334-5360
(215) 686-7893
(401) 277-2808
(512) 451-5711
(608) 266-7547
27
-------
Figure M. (Continued)
REPORT 20. EMISSIONS INVENTORY POLLUTANT LIST
STATE: CA AGENCY: South Coast Air Quality Management District
POLLUTANT
CAS #
EM RATE
UNIT
LOCATION
Arsenic and compounds
Benzene
Beryl 1 i urn
Cadmium
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chromium
Ethyl ene di bromide
Ethylene dichloride
Lead powder
Mercury
Methyl bromide
Methylene chloride
Nickel powder
Tetrachl oroethyl ene
Toluene
Trichloroethane, 1,1,
Trichl oroethyl ene
Vinyl chloride
Xylene
7440-38-2
71-43-2
7440-41-7
7440-43-9
56-23-5
67-66-3
7440-47-3
106-93-4
107-06-2
7439-92-1
7439-97-6
74-83-9
75-09-2
7440-02-0
127-18-4
108-88-3
71-55-6
79-01-6
75-01-4
1330-20-7
0.0470
6910.0000
0.0370
6.9100
3.2000
0.0006
13.2000
12.0000
42.7000
2030.0000
0.1300
24.4000
10200.0000
2.4000
8850.0000
14200.0000
6150.0000
546.0000
1.3700
8950.0000
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
TNS/YR
Point source
Mobile source
Point source
Mobile source
Point source
Mobile source
Mobile source
Mobile source
Mobile source
Mobile source
Point source
Point source
Area source
Mobile source
Area source
Mobile source
Area source
Area source
Point source
Mobile source
28
-------
Figure N. NATICH On-line Report 19
REPORT 19. BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS AND ONGOING RESEARCH
ENTER 'Y' FOR ONGOING RESEARCH CITATIONS OR 'N' FOR HISTORICAL REFERENCE
CITATIONS: N
ENTER 'X' NEXT TO TYPE OF KEY DESIRED FROM FOLLOWING LIST:
CAS NUMBER: X
SIC CODE:
REFERENCE TYPE:
SPONSOR ACRONYM:
ENTER CAS #: 50-00-0
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of Formaldehyde
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, OAQPS
GCA Corporation
Mar 84, 128p, EPA 450/4-84-007E, PC A07/MF A01
KEYWORDS THAT REFERENCE THIS CITATION ARE:
EF 50-00-0 EPA
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emissions of various
potentially toxic substances, EPA is preparing a series of documents such as
this to compile available information on sources and emissions of these
substances. This document deals specifically with formaldehyde. Its
intended audience includes Federal, State, and local air pollution personnel
and others interested in locating potential emitters of formaldehyde and in
making gross estimates of air emissions therefrom. This document presents
information on (1) the types of sources that may emit chloroform,
(2) process variations and release points that may be expected within these
sources, and (3) available emissions information indicating the potential
for chloroform release into the air from each operation.
29
-------
Figure N. (Continued)
REPORT 19. BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS AND ONGOING RESEARCH
ENTER 'Y' FOR ONGOING RESEARCH CITATIONS OR 'N' FOR HISTORICAL REFERENCE
CITATIONS: N
ENTER 'X' NEXT TO TYPE OF KEY DESIRED FROM FOLLOWING LIST:
CAS NUMBER:
SIC CODE:
REFERENCE TYPE: X
SPONSOR ACRONYM:
ENTER REFERENCE TYPE: NESHAP
STANDARDS SUPPORT DOCUMENT: Promulgated amendments to the National Emission
Standard for Asbestos
EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, OAQPS
Jun 78, 24p, EPA 450/2-77-030, PC A02/MF A01
KEYWORDS THAT REFERENCE THIS CITATION ARE:
NESHAP EPA 1332-21-4
1522 1531 1541
1542 152 153
154 15 1629
162 16
The National Emission Standard for Asbestos is being amended. Scientific
information indicates that asbestos exposure can cause cancer and other
adverse health effects. The amendments will reduce asbestos emissions by
requiring that proper work practices be followed during the renovation and
demolition of buildings where friable asbestos materials are present and by
prohibiting the spray application of asbestos materials which would be
friable after drying. A brief description of the economic and environmental
impacts associated with these amendments is included in this document.
30
-------
Figure N. (Continued)
ENTER 'Y' FOR ONGOING RESEARCH CITATIONS OR 'N' FOR HISTORICAL REFERENCE
CITATIONS: Y
ENTER 'X' NEXT TO TYPE OF KEY DESIRED FROM FOLLOWING LIST:
CAS NUMBER: X
SIC CODE:
REFERENCE TYPE:
SPONSOR ACRONYM:
ENTER CAS #: 50-00-0
ONGOING RESEARCH
TITLE: Effects of Formaldehyde on the Respiratory System
STATUS: Started FY 84; Complete by FY 87
CONTACT: NIOSH/DRDS/EPIB, J. Gamble
KEYWORDS THAT REFERENCE THIS CITATION ARE:
50-00-0 ES NIOSH
CAS NO: 50-00-0
CHEMICAL: Formaldehyde
PROJECT TYPE: Epidemiology
31
-------
Register notices. Similarly, all NESHAP development projects are included
in the list of ongoing EPA projects. Like the bibliographic citations, the
ongoing projects information is indexed by sponsoring agency, chemical,
source category, and type of document or project. The information on
ongoing projects includes work being done by the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), as well as ongoing EPA work. For a
list of NESHAPs under development and a person to contact for each, you
would use "NESHAP" as the reference type.
Additional information on specific pollutants being studied by EPA's
Pollutant Assessment Branch is found on-line in Report 21 (Figure 0). This
report contains selected preliminary cancer risk analysis results for
several chemicals emitted at some specific facilities nationwide. The
results are accessible by pollutant, SIC code, and State. The uncertainties
associated with these risk estimates are discussed on-line prior to
accessing the data, as well as in the hard copy report.
4. What concentrations of air toxics protect against adverse health
effects? How should you define the term "adverse health
effect"? What is a "welfare effect"? Where would you find
published studies on chemical-specific adverse health and/or
welfare effects? Where would you find copies of epidemiology
studies that other agencies may have conducted for specific
substances?
The Clearinghouse can help you find out what concentrations of air
toxics various other groups have thought to cause adverse effects. This
type of information can be found in bibliographic citations from EPA and
from other agencies. The bibliographic citations (Report 19, illustrated in
Figure N) list references to health assessments done both by EPA and by
other agencies. Other agencies included are the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, part of the Centers for Disease
Control); the National Academy of Sciences; the National Cancer Institute;
and the World Health Organization, including the International Agency for
Research on Cancer. These documents report health effects of toxic or
potentially toxic pollutants that can be emitted to the air, or a group of
pollutants associated with a specific industry. While ambient air exposure
32
-------
Figure 0. NATICH On-line Report 21
REPORT 21. SELECTED PRELIMINARY EPA RISK INFORMATION (BY POLLUTANT)
POLLUTANT: Chloroform
CAS #: 67-66-3 UNIT RISK: 0.0000230
SIC
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Etc.
PLANT NAME
Aerojet
American CA
American CA
Temple East
Continental
Potlatch Co
Federal PAP
Internation
Gulf States
Potlatch Co
Bergstrom P
* • •
CITY OR
COUNTY
Sacramento
Butler
Halsey
Diboll
Augusta
Lewiston
Riegelwood
Texarkana
Demopolis
McGhee
Neenah
ST
CA
AL
OR
TX
GA
ID
NC
TX
AL
AR
MI
TOTAL
EM
KG/YR
49300
51830
28178
103697
65919
70993
136400
47341
23433
65372
23616
MAX
CONC
UG/M3
2
4
6
1
8
2
4
2
7
1
3
.8E+01
.7E-01
.5E+01
.7E+02
.2E+01
.4E+02
.8E-01
.5E-01
.6E-02
.6E+02
.3E+01
MAX
INDIV
RISK
7E-04
IE-OS
2E-03
4E-03
2E-03
5E-03
1E-05
6E-06
2E-06
4E-03
8E-04
ANNUAL
INCID
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0230
0004
0032
0048
0021
0051
0035
0022
0002
0028
0098
DATE
MM/YY
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
04/86
Q
A
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Location and/or other input parameters for this source are unverified.
33
-------
Figure 0. (Continued)
REPORT 21. SELECTED PRELIMINARY EPA RISK INFORMATION (BY SIC CODE)
SIC CODE: 28
DESCRIPTION: Chemicals and Allied Products
POLLUTANT
TOTAL MAX
PLANT CITY OR EM IND ANNUAL DATE Q
NAME COUNTY ST KG/YR RISK INCID MM/YY A
Butadiene, 1
Chloroform
Chloroform
Trichloroeth
Trichloroeth
Vinyl chlori
Vinyl chlori
Etc. ...
REPORT 21.
STATE: PA
American SY Louisville
Pennwalt Calvert C
DuPont
US I
Beaumont
Port Arth
B. F. Goodr Calvert C
Diamond Sha Pasadena
Dow Chemical Freeport
KY 38130 2E-02 0.1800 05/86
KY 9500 2E-04 0.0004 03/86 *
TX 79700 1E-06 0.0016 03/86 *
TX 1300 1E-07 <0.0001 04/86 *
KY 1300 3E-08 <0.0001 04/86 *
TX 10600 3E-05 0.0012 04/86 *
TX 2800 6E-06 <0.0001 04/86 *
SELECTED PRELIMINARY EPA RISK INFORMATION (BY STATE)
TOTAL MAX
POLLUTANT
Chromium
Chromium
Chromium
Chloroform
Chloroform
Butadiene
Etc. ...
PLANT
NAME
Cyclops Cor
Electrolloy
Standard St
Hammermill
Proctor & G
Polysar
CITY OR
COUNTY
Bridgevill
Oil City
Burnham
Erie
Mehoopany
Monaca
SIC
33
33
33
26
26
28
EM
KG/YR
24
29
34
18798
29492
146800
IND
RISK
3E-05
2E-05
5E-05
8E-04
7E-04
2E-02
ANNUAL
INCID
0.0036
0.0003
0.0005
0.0049
0.0014
0.5900
DATE
MM/YY
03/86
03/86
03/86
04/86
04/86
05/86
Q
A
*
*
*
*
*
Location and/or other input parameters for this source are unverified.
34
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was the focus when selecting documents to include, references on
occupational exposure and exposure via drinking water are also included.
Citations are given for data summaries and compilations, emphasizing
analyses of information on pollutants rather than results of individual
toxicity or health effects tests.
Examining the list of acceptable ambient concentrations being used by
various agencies is one way to determine what concentrations of air toxics
are believed to protect the general public from adverse health effects.
In addition to the list of acceptable ambient levels, the Clearinghouse
lists risk assessments and health assessments conducted for various
chemicals by agencies who submit this information. On-line, the acceptable
ambient concentrations established by various agencies are found in Report 3
(by agency) and Report 11 (by pollutant). See Figures C and D, respectively.
Health risk assessments done by State and local agencies are found in
Report 4 (by agency) and Report 12 (by pollutant). These reports are
illustrated in Figures P and Q.
The terms "health effect" and "welfare effect" are typically defined in
State legislation. The assistance which the Clearinghouse could provide you
in regard to these definitions would be to help you identify contacts in
other agencies who could share the definitions their agencies use. The
Clearinghouse Newsletter addressed State control of toxics as a result of
welfare effects (tree damage) in the February 1985 issue. The title of the
article was "Air Toxics Case History: Vegetation Damage Results from
Exposure to Toxic Air Pollution." An index to all Clearinghouse Newsletters
is found in Appendix A of this report.
To help you find published studies on specific adverse health effects
and welfare effects, the Clearinghouse includes bibliographic citations for
reports published by EPA and other agencies listed above. These reports are
indexed by CAS number, SIC code, document type, and sponsoring agency.
Thus, it would be possible for the user to find, for example, reports on
ethylene oxide and to locate a health or risk assessment for ethylene oxide.
Bibliographic citations are found in Report 19 on-line, and illustrated in
Figure N.
Report 6 (Figure R) deals specifically with non-health related impacts
from air toxics, and will help provide information on various welfare
effects. This report presents information submitted by State and local
35
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REPORT 4.
Figure P. NATICH On-line Report 4
POLLUTANT RESEARCH INFORMATION BY AGENCY
KEY TO RESEARCH ABBREVIATIONS:
HA = Health Assessment
SA = Source Assessment
EA = Exposure Assessment
TT = Toxicity Testing
ES = Epidemiological Study
MS = Monitoring Study
EF = Emission Factor Study
RA = Risk Assessment
ENTER 2-LETTER STATE ABBREVIATION: MA
REPORT 4.
POLLUTANT RESEARCH INFORMATION BY AGENCY
STATE: MA AGENCY: MA Dept. of Env. Quality Eng., Div. of Air Quality Co
REGULATORY CONTACT: James F. Neely PHONE: (617) 292-5630
POLLUTANT
CAS #
TYPE OF RESEARCH
DOC
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Acrylonitrile
Etc. ...
75-07-0
67-64-1
107-13-1
HA
HA
HA
Y
Y
Y
(The "DOC" column indicates if documentation on the study is available.)
36
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Figure Q. NATICH On-line Report 12
REPORT 12. POLLUTANT RESEARCH INFORMATION BY POLLUTANT
POLLUTANT: Cadmium CAS #: 7440-43-9
AGENCY
TYPE OF RESEARCH ACTIVITY
DOC?
CA
CA-BAAQMD
MA
NV-L. VEGAS
EA
EA
HA
RA
RA
RA
Y
Y
(The "DOC" column indicates if documentation on the study is available.)
37
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Figure R. NATICH On-line Report 6
REPORT 6. NON-HEALTH RELATED IMPACT INFORMATION
STATE: OH AGENCY: Cleveland Div. of Air Pol. Cont,, Dept. of Pub. Health
We have now done many comparisons of odor versus quantition via GC
olfactor response. Vegetation studies on boron, lead, cadmium, and
other heavy metals have been done in conjunction with Ohio EPA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Richard A. Dell PHONE: (216) 664-3591
38
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agencies on case studies of non-health related impacts such as odor or
vegetation damage. "It is accessed by agency.
5. How can you find out which industries or sources emit toxic air
pollutants? What non-industrial sources emit toxics and how
much do they emit? How do you go about conducting an emissions
inventory? How do you determine the extent of risk reduction
and emission reduction that are achievable (both technically and
economically)? Related to that, what is a reasonable goal for
additional control?
Information in the Clearinghouse is accessible by source category as
well as by pollutant. Source categories are defined by SIC codes and
pollutants by CAS numbers or pollutant names, an indexing scheme that will
allow you to determine which pollutants are associated with a particular
source category as well as which source categories emit a particular
pollutant. You can obtain this information from both permitting and source
testing data submitted to the Clearinghouse by other State and local
agencies. Permitting and source testing information is found in Reports 17
(by SIC code) and 13 (by pollutant name and CAS number), and Reports 18 (by
SIC code) and 14 (by pollutant name and CAS number), respectively. These
reports are illustrated in Figures F, G, I, and J.
These reports will include nontraditional sources only to the extent
that agencies have reported these types of sources to the Clearinghouse.
For example, one nontraditional source currently addressed in the
Clearinghouse is air stripping towers.
The permitting records include the emission limit, the emission type,
(e.g., process, fugitive, etc.), and the control equipment used for that
source. The source testing records include the source and emission rate.
This information will help you estimate how much of a particular pollutant
some traditional and nontraditional sources emit. Both permitting and
source testing records give contact names and telephone numbers so that, if
necessary, you may call for additional information.
Bibliographic citations will also help you find information about
sources and the pollutants they emit. Citations are indexed by source type
and pollutant (Report 19, Figure N). Some of the nontraditional sources
included in the citations are dry cleaning and hazardous waste disposal.
39
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To learn more about how to compile an emissions inventory, consult
Report 20. The report can help you to understand some basic features of
emissions inventories and to identify other agencies that have done
inventory work. Report 20 is illustrated in Figure M. In addition, EPA's
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is preparing a technical
assistance document on air toxics inventory development. This report,
entitled "Compiling Air Toxics Emissions Inventories," (EPA 450/4-86-010) is
scheduled for publication in the summer of 1986. It discusses considerations
that should be addressed when developing an air toxics emissions inventory
and offers screening tools which can be used as first steps in inventory
development. Screening tools include a "crosswalk" table that lists
pollutants commonly associated with specific SIC codes and a similar table
listing SIC codes with pollutants that might be expected to be emitted from
such sources.
The bibliographic report of EPA documents includes citations for
emission factor documents which are useful in estimating the levels of
emissions for emissions inventory work. The Clearinghouse Newsletter
announces new emission factor documents as they are published. An index to
Newsletter articles is found in Appendix A.
The Clearinghouse can help indirectly to determine the extent of risk
reduction and emission reduction that is achievable both technically and
economically. Clearinghouse information can help by pointing you toward
contacts who may be able to share with you their experience in reducing air
toxics emissions. For example, you could use Report 2 to identify agencies
reporting that they use risk assessment, and then contact these agencies to
discuss risk reduction. Similarly, Report 2 can identify agencies that
report maintaining an emissions inventory. Contacts in these agencies may
be able to discuss emission reductions achieved. Another way of identifying
risk assessment work is to access the pollutant research information.
On-line, this is available by agency (Report 4, illustrated in Figure P) and
by pollutant (Report 12, illustrated in Figure Q). The pollutant research
information tells which agencies have done risk assessments on which
chemicals and whether documentation is available. After identifying the
pollutant and agency, you would need to contact that agency for more
information.
40
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Information most useful in helping to determine the extent of emission
reduction achievable is the permitting information submitted by State and
local agencies. Information from over 26,000 permits is included in the
data base (Reports 7, 13 and 17). By noting the emission limit and the
control equipment for source categories of interest, you can see what
emission rates are achievable, but not necessarily the estimated emission
reduction. The contact person listed on the permit record may be able to
provide assistance on emission reductions which were achieved for a specific
source.
Bibliographic citations include references to control technology
documents. As mentioned above, citations are indexed by SIC code,
pollutant, and document type, and are available in Report 19.
The Clearinghouse cannot tell you what is a reasonable goal for
additional control, technically and economically, based on the achievable
risk and emission reduction. As described above, the Clearinghouse can help
you find out about techniques for estimating risks and emissions and help
you find out more information about various control technologies. The
Clearinghouse can help you find contacts in other agencies who are familiar
with control technologies and thus who may have addressed the issue of a
"reasonable goal" for additional control. However, the definition of a
"reasonable goal" for control requirements to be imposed by your agency
cannot be made by the Clearinghouse.
6. How do you determine what concentrations of toxics exist
currently in ambient air? What are the risks associated with
these levels? Also, what pollutant concentrations have been
measured in stacks? Where would you find leads for obtaining
technical support for ambient monitoring, risk assessment, and
stack testing?
Before determining the types and possible ambient concentrations of
toxics that may be found in your area, you need to determine how you will
use this information so that you can choose an appropriate method for
collecting information. For example, you may want to do a simple screening
emissions inventory and perhaps identify specific sources to study further,
or you may want to conduct ambient air monitoring studies. A screening
41
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inventory will help focus agency resources on the sources likely to
contribute most to problems with exposure to air toxics. The level of
accuracy necessary for the emission inventory will depend on how you plan to
use the data and will help dictate the methodology to use.
Although the Clearinghouse cannot tell you how to determine the
concentration levels of a particular toxic air pollutant of concern in your
area, it can identify which other agencies have monitored for certain
pollutants and how it was done. Ambient monitoring data submitted by State
and local agencies are accessible by agency or pollutant (Reports 9 or 15,
Figures K and L). These reports identify the sampling technique and
analytical method used for a particular pollutant. For more details, you
would need to contact the agency. Another source of ambient monitoring
information supplied by State and local agencies is EPA's Aerometric
Information Retrieval System (AIRS) which contains monitoring data on
48 organic compounds. The Clearinghouse and AIRS data bases share
information collected for each data base.
The Clearinghouse can also identify which agencies have reported that
they have emission inventories, the methods used to gather inventory data,
the pollutants inventoried and annual emissions. This information is found
in Report 20 (Figure M). Contacts who are knowledgeable in emission
inventory work are also listed for each agency. These contacts would be
able to discuss inventory methodology as well as emissions estimates.
EPA has assembled information on risk levels associated with chemicals
the Agency is studying for some specific facilities across the country.
These risk levels may be useful to you in estimating risks associated with
ambient levels in your area. This information is found in Report 21
(Figure 0). It includes the name of the facility, location, the source
category, pollutants, emission rates, unit cancer risk factors, and
estimated maximum individual cancer risk and annual cancer incidence.
Definition of the risk terminology used is also provided. This risk
information can be accessed by source category, pollutant, or State.
A review of stack testing information submitted by State and local
agencies can help you find information on pollutant concentrations that have
been measured in stacks. Source testing information is accessible by agency
42
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(Report 8), by pollutant (Report 14), and by source type (Report 18). These
reports are illustrated in Figures H, I, and J. Each source test
description includes the type of facility tested, sampling techniques,
analytical method, and emission rate for each pollutant tested, and the name
and telephone number of a contact familiar with the test.
There are several bibliographic citations that may be useful to you in
estimating stack emissions, conducting ambient monitoring, and estimating
risks. These reports can be identified by referring to the Clearinghouse
bibliographic citations in Report 19. Document types that may be useful
include exposure assessments, emission factor documents, source
sampling/ambient monitoring documents, and technical monitoring documents.
The citations can also be accessed by pollutant and source category.
Report 19 is illustrated in Figure N.
The list of ongoing EPA projects may also be a source of technical
support in this area. These are accessible on-line in Report 19 (Figure N).
This list of projects consists of studies that have not yet resulted in
publicly available reports, and indicates when the work is scheduled for
completion as well as a contact person who can provide study details.
Several types of projects are listed, including preparation of emission
factor documents, and ongoing exposure and risk assessments.
2.2 PROGRAM DESIGN
The objective of the program design phase is to make the decisions
important to the establishment of an air toxics control program. These
include determining program objectives, scope, implementation phases,
reporting requirements, and staff responsibilities, as well as identifying
the program's regulatory basis.
SCENARIO. Your agency has completed or is well along in
the problem definition phase. You have conducted a preliminary
inventory and identified potential pollutants and source
categories of concern. You have analyzed your statutory
authority and decided that your agency indeed has the authority
43
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to regulate air toxics under existing legislation. Now you are
eager to take the information you have gathered and design a
regulatory program. The following questions are typical of
those you can expect to surface as you begin:
Should you control both new and existing sources or just the new
ones? Which pollutants/sources should be regulated? What
pollutants/sources do other agencies control? Should you
consider cancer risks only or potential noncancer health effects
as well?
Within this group of questions, the Clearinghouse can be most useful in
providing information on what sources other agencies control. The
Clearinghouse lists information for over 26,000 permits that various agencies
have issued on sources of air toxics. This information is accessible
on-line by agency (Report 7), by pollutant (Report 13), or by SIC code
(Report 17). Examples of these reports are given in Figures E, F, and G.
The Clearinghouse does not distinguish between those agencies that
regulate only new sources and those that regulate existing sources as well.
Regulation of existing sources of air toxics is frequently accomplished
through the permit renewal process already in place for the criteria air
pollutant program. However, some agencies have no permit renewal system,
and frequently have the authority to regulate only new sources. This topic
is discussed in two EPA reports: "Study of Selected State and Local Air
Toxics Control Strategies," EPA 450/5-82-006, October 1982; and "National
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Rationale for Air Toxics Control in
Seven State and Local Agencies," EPA 450/5-86-005, August 1985. These
reports identify some agencies that regulate only new and modified sources
and others that regulate existing sources as well.
The Clearinghouse cannot make a judgment for your agency about which
pollutants and sources you should regulate. It can, however, provide
information on sources and pollutants regulated by other agencies.
Permitting information was mentioned above as a useful source. There is
also information on acceptable ambient concentrations used by different
agencies. This is accessible on-line by agency (Report 3) and by pollutant
44
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(Report 11). Reports 3 and 11 are illustrated in Figures C and D. This
information includes the acceptable ambient concentration and the averaging
time over which a source's contribution to the ambient concentration is
calculated. In addition, source testing and ambient monitoring information
may help you identify potential problems. Source testing information is
found on-line in Reports 8, 14, and 18 by agency, pollutant, and source,
respectively (see Figures H, I, and J). Each source test description
includes the type of facility tested, sampling techniques, analytical
method, emission rate for each pollutant tested, and the name and telephone
number of a contact familiar with the test. Ambient monitoring information
is found in Reports 9 and 15 by agency and pollutant, respectively (see
Figures K and L). When the information is requested by agency, Report 9
lists all pollutants monitored by the agency selected. Then the user can
request information for a specific pollutant. This includes location,
dates, sampling techniques, analytical method, and a contact name and
telephone number. When requesting information by pollutant, Report 15 lists
the agencies that have reported doing ambient monitoring for that pollutant,
the dates, and location.
With respect to cancer/noncancer risks, the majority of work to date
has centered around the potential cancer risks rather than noncancer risks.
The list of ongoing research and regulatory development projects can help
you find people to contact who are familiar with noncancer risks, especially
if you check the risk assessment projects. This information is available
on-line in Report 19 (Figure N). Bibliographic citations (also Report 19)
may also help you find useful information on noncancer risks. You can
access this by one pollutant, source category, document type, or sponsoring
agency. Accessing information on potential cancer risks using Reports 19
and 21 was discussed in Section 2.1, question 6.
2. What kinds of program designs are available and what kinds do
other agencies use? Should you tie in with your criteria air
pollutant program or establish a completely new system?
The Clearinghouse provides regulatory program information and a
regulatory contact for all agencies that submit one. On-line, the
regulatory program information is in Report 2 (Figure A). This can give you
45
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a brief summary of how several agencies address, or plan to address, such
key issues associated with regulatory program design as the use of
promulgated regulations versus informal guidelines, definition of program
scope, use of risk assessment, use of technology requirements, and setting
of acceptable ambient concentrations. Report 2 also enables you to identify
agencies that use a combination of approaches that you specify on-line. For
example, you can identify agencies that use control technology requirements
in the form of informal guidelines. By studying these regulatory program
profiles and contacting the regulatory program person listed for agencies in
which you are interested, you can gain a good understanding of the kinds of
program designs available.
The bibliographic citations (Report 19) include EPA reports classified
as "regulatory development guidance documents." The reports cited under
this document type include detailed descriptions of other agencies' control
programs. The reports cited in question 1 of this section present
descriptions of several air toxics programs. Another similar report
published by the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
and the Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (STAPPA/ALAPCO)
is entitled, "Toxic Air Pollutants: State and Local Regulatory Strategies,"
January 1984.
State and local agencies currently regulating air toxics have tied in
air toxics regulatory requirements with their criteria pollutant program
permitting system, although for toxics, they have developed alternative
methods for establishing the emission limits that are in the permit. Again,
the Clearinghouse cannot tell you what you should do, but it can give you
some information on what other agencies have done, and help you identify
people to contact for more information about their perspective and
experience.
3. What emission and risk levels do you want to achieve?
As mentioned above, the Clearinghouse can provide information on
acceptable ambient concentrations and emission limits established by various
agencies (Reports 3, 7, 13, and 17; Figures C, E, F, and G). Agencies that
are including risk assessment in their regulatory program are also
46
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identifiable (Report 2, Figure A). By contacting the appropriate person(s)
in those agencies, you may discuss emission and risk levels which have been
achieved for various permitted sources.
4. What resources are necessary to design approaches and phases?
What is a reasonable goal for time to Implementation? That is,
how much time is needed to accomplish your goals? What elements
should you include in your time table?
Information in the Clearinghouse can point you in the right direction
to answer these questions, however, the Clearinghouse cannot tell you a
specific plan of action, the timing, and the resources required for your
agency. The regulatory development guidance documents listed in the
bibliographic citations (Report 19) would be useful for finding suggestions
and reading accounts of what other agencies have done. Report 19 is
illustrated in Figure N. These reports can be identified by selecting the
document type "regulatory development guidance" as a key word. Several of
these reports discuss resource requirements for various types of air toxics
program development work. For example, the 1982 report cited for question 1
in this section discusses both funding and staff resources used by the eight
agencies interviewed for the report.
5. What role should environmental monitoring play in the design
phase of your program? How do you choose appropriate
modeling/monitoring techniques and how do you conduct
modeling/monitoring? How do you conduct a stack test? Where do
you obtain guidance on this? What levels have other agencies
detected?
Both the data submitted to the Clearinghouse by State and local
agencies and the bibliographic and ongoing project citations can help your
agency with these questions. You can identify which agencies have done
ambient monitoring, for which pollutants, the dates and places, and the
sampling technique and analytical methods used. This information is
available by agency (Report 9) and by pollutant (Report 15) (see Figures K
and L). The contact list (Report 1) gives a contact in the ambient
monitoring area with whom you could discuss the role monitoring plays in
that program.
47
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The information on pollutant research identifies those agencies which
have conducted monitoring studies and if documentation is available. This
is located in Report 4 (by agency) and Report 12 (by pollutant) (see
Figures P and Q).
The summary of methods development activities briefly describes both
ambient monitoring and dispersion modeling activities. It is available
through Report 5. Report 5 is illustrated in Figure S. The example in
Figure S indicates that the Texas Air Control Board is active in both of
these areas. You can obtain more information about any activities listed by
calling the contact listed in Report 5.
The information submitted on source tests conducted by various agencies
can help you find guidance on how to conduct a stack test and on what levels
other agencies have detected. Information in the source testing records
includes the agency, a contact person and telephone number, the type of
facility, the sampling technique, the analytical method, and the emission
rate for each pollutant measured. These data are accessible on-line by
agency (Report 8), by pollutant (Report 14), and by source category
(Report 18) (see Figures H, I, and J). Once you have identified an agency
that has conducted source tests similar to the type of test you are
interested in, you can contact the person knowledgeable about these tests
and get more specific information about how to conduct such a test.
Citations to bibliographic references and ongoing EPA projects can help
you find answers to these questions, too. All are found in Report 19
on-line. The most useful ongoing project references pertaining to these
questions would be found by accessing the project type described by the key
words "monitoring, sampling, and analysis." On-line, you can combine this
search with a specific pollutant and/or source type. As for bibliographic
citations, you should check reference types pertaining to technical
monitoring documents and methodologies for source sampling and ambient
monitoring. Again, on-line you can combine a reference type search with a
specific pollutant and/or source type. For example, you might choose to
search for reports about monitoring for metals such as chromium. You would
use key words "technical monitoring document" and "chromium" as the
reference type and pollutant name.
48
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Figure S. NATICH On-line Report 5
REPORT 5. METHODS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES BY AGENCY
STATE: TX AGENCY: TX Air Control Board
REGULATORY CONTACT: Lawrence Pewitt PHONE: (512) 451-5711
1. EMISSIONS TESTING
Y/N: Y EXPLANATION:
Developed method for measuring chlorinated organics; developing method
for measuring VOC's from gas storage terminals. Testing emissions from
municipal solid waste incinerators.
2. AMBIENT MONITORING
Y/N: Y EXPLANATION:
Developed methods for getting arsenic, benzene, formaldehyde, PCB's,
lead, vinyl chloride, PNA, ethylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and
acrylonitrile on pesticide head hi-vols. Developing method to collect.
3. DISPERSION MODELING APPLICATION, EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Y/N: Y EXPLANATION:
All toxic compounds to be emitted are modeled as a part of permit
review. Nontraditional sources are included in the model evaluation.
Odorous compounds are also included in the review.
4. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES
Y/N: Y EXPLANATION:
TACB emergency episode response manual revised and distributed to
regional offices, State agencies, and interested citizens.
5. AMBIENT EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Y/N: Y EXPLANATION:
Monitoring sites established in Harris, Galveston, Jefferson, and
Orange Counties for contaminants listed under acceptable ambient
concentrations.
6. EMISSIONS MODELING FROM NONTRADITIONAL SOURCES
Y/N: Y EXPLANATION:
All sources, including nontraditional, are modeled using procedures
developed at this agency. Odors are also included in this modeling.
7. OTHER
Y/N: Y EXPLANATION:
Continuing project to assess feasibility of in situ monitoring. Using
biological tests system to assess exposure to a complex mix of ambient
contaminants.
49
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2.3 IMPLEMENTATION
In this phase, an agency is ready to put several aspects of its air
toxics control program design into effect in order to actually control toxic
air emissions. Steps may include: preparing for public education and
public hearings, acquiring resources, beginning review and data collection
for specific sources as well as ongoing information collection such as
emissions data and control information from air toxics sources.
SCENARIO. Your agency feels that it now has designed a
good program that will address a substantial portion of the air
toxics problem in your area. You must now decide how to get the
message out to industry about the new requirements. You would
also begin work on various aspects of program design features
(e.g., risk assessments, dispersion modeling, emergency
response) which you had selected when developing your air toxics
control program. Some of the questions that may come up
include:
1. What degree of guidance for Implementation can other agencies or
EPA provide you? For example, has another agency conducted a
risk assessment on the same pollutant/source you want to
analyze? What kinds of cost and benefits (source-specific) do
you need to consider? How should an economic analysis be
conducted?
The Clearinghouse can help you find contacts in other agencies who may
have addressed a particular implementation question, and it can help you
find references to publications by EPA and other agencies that may be useful
in implementing your program. For example, agencies submit to the
Clearinghouse a list of pollutants for which they have done risk
assessments. On-line, this is found in Report 4 (by agency) and Report 12
(by pollutant) (see Figures P and Q). If documentation is available, this
will be indicated. For more information on any of these risk assessments,
you can contact the agency that is listed.
50
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Other sources of information on risk assessments are the bibliographic
citations and the list of ongoing EPA projects. These are found in
Report 19 (Figure N). You can access these data either by document/project
type (e.g., risk assessment) or by pollutant, agency, or source category.
Report 21 also provides information on risks (see Figure 0). This
report presents preliminary risk analysis information developed by EPA's
Pollutant Assessment Branch. Risks are presented for specific sources,
nationwide, of several chemicals undergoing review by EPA.
As mentioned above, the Clearinghouse can help you find contacts with
whom to discuss economic analysis procedures as well as costs and benefits
they have considered. One way to spot potentially helpful contacts would be
to use the air toxics regulatory program information (Report 2), and look
for agencies reporting to use control technology requirements. As Figure A
indicates, Report 2 consists of a series of questions about regulatory
programs. Users can obtain a list of agencies that responded "yes" to the
questions about having specific control technology requirements. By calling
contacts listed for these agencies, users may be able to find agencies that
have conducted economic analyses of various control technologies.
2. How should the public be involved in the implementation phase?
This is another case in which the Clearinghouse can help you to
identify contacts with whom to discuss this question, but cannot provide you
with a list of ways to involve the public. Contacts are listed in Report 1,
illustrated in Figure B. Some citations in the EPA bibliographic references
may help you as well. These would be found by accessing the reference type
"regulatory development guidance" documents (Report 19). These types of
documents discuss regulatory rather than technical issues. The 1982 report
cited in Section 2.2, question 1 is one example of a report classified by
the key word "regulatory development guidance" that discusses public
involvement.
3. How do you use model ing/monitoring/stack testing data in
implementation? When should you require stack testing and/or
monitoring around specific sources? How could you find out what
other agencies have done within these areas?
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The final question under Section 2.2, Program Design, explained how to
find information on modeling, ambient monitoring, and stack testing. To
answer the question of how best to use these techniques in implementing your
control program, you may want to contact some of the agencies that report
using dispersion models and conducting monitoring and stack testing studies.
The Clearinghouse does not report the number of excursions various agencies
allow; to find this information you would have to contact agencies reporting
control programs in place (Report 2).
4. What emission factors are available and where do you find them?
How do you use them in implementing regulations?
Emission factor documents are included in the citations to EPA reports,
accessible by document type and by pollutant. Ongoing emissions estimation
work and associated knowledgeable contacts are identified in the references
to ongoing EPA projects, accessible by project type and by pollutant. All
of this information is found in Report 19 on-line.
5. How do you decide what ambient concentrations are associated
with emissions from a particular source? How can emissions of
multiple pollutants from one source be assessed? How do you
distinguish between background levels and source-specific
levels? How do the various control technologies and their
differing efficiency rates tie in?
The Clearinghouse can help you identify modeling and monitoring
techniques used by other agencies (see the response to the final question in
the Program Design section, Section 2.2). Contacts listed for some of these
agencies may have considered multiple sources in one area and
multi-pollutant situations, and also may be able to discuss with you their
experience in distinguishing between background levels and source-specific
levels.
For more information on multiple pollutant sources, users can check
permitting information and source testing data for permits and tests where
two or more pollutants from the same source were involved. Both permitting
and source testing information are accessible by agency, pollutant, and
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source. Permitting information is found in Reports 7, 13, and 17,
respectively, for these access points; and source testing information is
found in Reports 8, 14, and 18. These reports are illustrated in Figures E
through J.
As for information concerning control technologies, you can find many
examples of control technology requirements in the permitting information.
Many records concerning permits list control technologies used for a
specific source as well as a contact person you can call for more
information.
The bibliographic citations (Report 19) include references to documents
on control technology, accessible by that document type, pollutant name, or
source.
6. What are other agencies doing to prepare for accidental
releases? What guidelines can EPA offer?
The main focus of the Clearinghouse has been on routine release rather
than accidental release. For that reason, less information on accidental
release is included. Report 5 (Figure S) can help you identify agencies
active in developing emergency response procedures as well as those active
in other methods development areas. The Clearinghouse Newsletter has had
several articles on this topic including those in the August 1985,
December 1985, and June 1986 issues. An index to all Newsletters published
through June 1986 is found in Appendix A.
2.4 ENFORCEMENT
The enforcement phase is a continuation of implementation once the
program is fully operational. The new emphasis of this phase is initiating
inspection and enforcement actions. Since the area of air toxics control is
relatively new and most agencies have been concerned with control program
development work, the Clearinghouse has focused most of its information
gathering efforts on problem definition and program development rather than
enforcement of air toxics control requirements. As State and local control
programs evolve, the Clearinghouse may begin to gather information that will
address enforcement issues.
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SCENARIO. At this point, you have completed any public
education you decided to undertake on your control program
design and have begun to do permit reviews for air toxics. Your
agency must now keep those efforts going while beginning to
inspect the sources you are regulating and deciding what
enforcement actions you will take. The questions listed below
may be among those you will be asking at this time.
1. How should you relate enforcement of air toxics regulations with
SIP inspection or enforcement requirements for some other
regulation? Is there a tie-in with NESHAP enforcement? How
often should source inspections be conducted? How should you
conduct inspections? What kind of noncompliance penalties
should you impose? What constitutes a violation? Do
enforcement inspections differ from routine inspections?
The Clearinghouse has not focused to any extent on enforcement and
inspection issues, except for the special report entitled, "Rationale for
Air Toxics Control in Seven State and Local Agencies," EPA 450/5-86-005,
August 1985. This report includes a short discussion on enforcement
experiences of agencies in the following locations: Sacramento County,
California; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Chattanooga/Hamilton County,
Tennessee; Maine; Mississippi; Nevada; and Connecticut. In the future, the
Clearinghouse may expand to address more enforcement issues as State and
local agencies gain more experience in enforcing air toxics policies.
For additional enforcement information, you could identify which
agencies seem to be very active (e.g., have submitted a significant amount
of permit information, etc.) and then get in touch with contacts in those
agencies to discuss these types of questions.
2. What other agencies have enforcement procedures? Who does what?
What have other agencies set up as penalties? Are they
one-time-only? Are they based on degree of violation?
The Clearinghouse has published a special report, cited above, that
would be helpful for answering these questions. You could contact people in
the agencies described in this report as well as in other agencies that may
have had experience in this enforcement procedure and penalties.
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3. Have other agencies been taken to court as a result of air
toxics requirements? If so, where would you find details of
their experience? What kinds of problems have other States had
with enforcement?
Occasionally, the Clearinghouse Newsletter addresses special case
histories of enforcement requirements (e.g., February 1985, December 1985).
These articles include a contact knowledgeable about the specific situation.
In addition, as indicated above, the Clearinghouse data base can also help
you identify contacts with whom you can discuss these questions.
4. What assistance can EPA give you on enforcement? When do you
need to have expert witnesses and where do you find out how to
contact them?
To find EPA contacts who might give you the assistance you need, you
can contact the air toxics coordinator within your region. These contacts
are listed in Table 2. Another source of contacts is the references to
ongoing projects found in the Clearinghouse list of ongoing projects. A
contact and office is listed for each project. On-line this information is
found in Report 19 (Figure N). You can access ongoing projects by CAS
number of the pollutant involved, SIC code of the source if a particular
source is under study, reference or project type, and sponsor acronym. If,
for example, you needed to contact an EPA expert in the field of risk
assessment, you could access the ongoing projects by the reference type
"risk assessment." This would provide you with a list describing ongoing
agency risk assessment projects and a contact knowledgeable about each
project.
2.5 PROGRESS MEASUREMENT
In this phase, an agency determines if its program is actually meeting
the objectives defined in the design phase. As explained above in
Section 2.4, the Clearinghouse has focused information gathering efforts on
control program development issues more than on issues associated with
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TABLE 2. EPA REGIONAL OFFICE AIR TOXICS CONTACTS
Region
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Contact
Margaret McDonough
Bob Kelly
Iz Milner
Paul Racette
Doug Cook
Harriet Croke
Jill Lyons
Bob Chanslor
Deann Hecht
Dewitt Baulch
Tim Smith
Donna Deneen
Dana Davoli
Telephone Number
(617) 223-4870
FTS 223-4870
(212) 264-2517
FTS 264-2517
(215) 597-9090
FTS 597-9090
(215) 597-9009
FTS 597-9009
(404) 347-2864
FTS 257-2864
(312) 353-6009
FTS 353-6009
(214) 767-9187
FTS 729-9187
(913) 236-2893
FTS 757-2893
(913) 236-2893
FTS 757-2893
(303) 293-1761
FTS 564-1761
(415) 974-8219
FTS 454-8219
(415) 974-7109
FTS 454-7109
(206) 442-1757
FTS 399-1757
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enforcement and progress measurement. As more agencies move forward in
their efforts to control air toxics, the Clearinghouse may begin to address
more issues related to enforcement and progress measurement.
SCENARIO. At this point, your agency re-examines its
program objectives, as defined during the design phase. Your
agency director is concerned that it might be a good time to
begin to address some nontraditional sources such as small
degreasing operations that were not addressed originally. As
you undertake this phase, your agency may ask questions such as
these:
1. How do you determine that risks or emissions have been reduced
(quantified observation)?
The Clearinghouse can point you toward references on estimating risks
and emissions. These are found in the bibliographic citations and list of
ongoing projects (Report 19) and you can access them by reference type such
as "risk assessment" or "emission factor document" as well as by pollutant
and source. Report 19 is illustrated in Figure N.
2. Who will likely be interested in your annual and trends reports
(journals, other publications, agencies)?
In addition to the well-known journals in the air pollution field, you
can always consider submitting an article to the Clearinghouse Newsletter.
It is directed to an audience very interested in your air toxics work. For
information about submitting an article, contact the Clearinghouse at the
telephone numbers listed on page 1. The Clearinghouse bibliographic
citations include references only to EPA and other Federal agency
publications, so it will not help you locate appropriate journals.
3. How do you stay current in the field of air toxics?
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The Clearinghouse bibliography of Federal government reports on air
toxics and the list of ongoing EPA projects will help you keep up with where
the Federal government is placing its emphasis on air toxics. This
information is found in Report 19 (Figure N). The Clearinghouse Newsletter
is another good source of current articles, many from State and local
agencies. An index to all issues of the Newsletters is found in Appendix A
to this report.
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PART 3. PROBLEM SCENARIOS
This section presents problem scenarios to illustrate the kind of help
the Clearinghouse can offer State and local agencies regardless of whether
the agency has an air toxics control program or not and regardless of which
phase of program development the agency may be working on. These scenarios
address the kinds of air toxics questions that could arise at any time.
3.1 INDOOR AIR
SCENARIO. You have received a call from a woman whose son
is a third-grader at one of the county schools. The building
dates from 1952 and has asbestos tile flooring in three
hallways. She wonders about the risks to her son, and to other
students and staff as well, from asbestos particle releases.
How do you go about determining these risks?
The Clearinghouse can help you by identifying other State and local
agencies that have reported dealing with asbestos and by referring you to
published reports and ongoing EPA projects on asbestos. Information from
State and local agencies that have responded to the Clearinghouse data
collection efforts is found in the on-line NATICH data base as well as in a
hard copy report. Useful information on asbestos from these agencies
includes: acceptable ambient concentrations (on-line Reports 3 and 11 by
agency and pollutant); pollutant research information such as health
assessments, source assessments, and exposure assessments (on-line Reports 4
and 12 by agency and pollutant); permitting information (on-line Reports 7,
13, and 17 by agency pollutant and source category); source testing
information (on-line Reports 8, 14, and 18 by agency, pollutant, and
source); and ambient monitoring information (on-line Reports 9 and 15 by
agency and pollutant). All of these reports are illustrated by figures in
Part 2 of this report. All of these categories list work that agencies have
done on asbestos. For example, accessing these pollutant specific reports
would tell you that seven agencies have reported acceptable ambient
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concentrations for asbestos (Report 11) and what those concentrations are.
Report 12 would tell you that four agencies have conducted research on
asbestos and that this includes exposure, risk and health assessments, and
monitoring studies. Figures D and Q illustrate the type of information
available in each of these reports.
In addition to the on-line data base, agencies often submit articles to
the Clearinghouse Newsletter that pertain to problems such as this asbestos
example. Specifically, the March 1986 edition contains an article entitled,
"Puget Sound Air Agency Adopts Asbestos Regulation." An index to all
Newsletters appears in Appendix A.
As mentioned above, the Clearinghouse data base includes citations to
reports published by EPA and other Federal agencies as well as references to
ongoing EPA projects. These are found in Report 19 and are accessible by
agency, pollutant, and source. For asbestos, one citation you would find is
a Background Information Document since a National Emission Standard for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) has been promulgated for asbestos.
Report 19 is illustrated in Figure N.
3.2 WELFARE PROBLEMS
SCENARIO. Over the past three years, your agency has
received several complaints from residents in a specific
subdivision about vegetation damage. This has included dead
pine trees as well as defoliation and eventual death of
ornamental shrubs. There is a small batch chemical plant which
started operation near this subdivision about four years ago.
You suspect that emissions from this plant are causing the
damage, but there are at least two other nearby plants that
could be contributing to the problem. You need to know what
chemical is causing the damage, which source is responsible, and
how the damage can be stopped.
First, you will need to know the chemicals used, produced, and handled
by the chemical plant you suspect and by the other plants that may be
involved. You may be able to get this information from the three plants in
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question. If not, you could check to see which pollutants are associated
with the particular SIC codes for the specific plants. A list of SIC codes
and their associated descriptions are found in Report 16, illustrated in
Figure T. Report 16 gives the SIC code description when the user supplies
the two, three, or four digit SIC code. The list of SIC codes and
descriptions are also found in the NATICH Data Base Users Guide cited in the
preface. Determining which pollutants are associated with specific SIC
codes can be done by accessing permitting as well as source testing
information and is discussed in Section 2.1, question 3. Another source of
information is the EPA report scheduled for publication in summer 1986,
entitled "Compiling Air Toxics Emissions Inventories," (EPA 450/4-86-010)
which has extensive tables relating SIC codes to pollutants and vice versa.
After you have identified the chemicals involved, you can check the
Clearinghouse for information on the effects of those chemicals and for
other agencies who may have dealt with these chemicals. For published
reports, you can check Report 19 (Figure N). Report 19 is accessible by
chemical and will refer you to documents such as health assessments, risk
assessments, exposure assessments, sampling and ambient monitoring
methodology, emission factor documents, and control technology documents.
Also in Report 19, you can find references to ongoing EPA projects such as
health assessments; exposure assessments; and monitoring, sampling, and
analysis work. If you are unable to find useful published material, you may
be able, through the ongoing project list, to identify people working on the
particular pollutants in question.
The response in Section 3.1 explains ways you can access information
submitted by State and local agencies. Another way of accessing information
is if you know of a particular pollutant, but are not sure of all the
information accessible by pollutant, you can use the menu-driven system to
identify which reports are accessible by pollutant. The reports are:
Report 10 - list of pollutants and CAS numbers, Report 11 - acceptable
ambient concentrations, Report 12 - pollutant research, Report 13 -
permitting information, Report 14 - source testing information, and
Report 15 - ambient monitoring information.
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Figure T. NATICH On-line Report 16
REPORT 16. SIC CODES AND INDUSTRY CATEGORIES
10 Metal mining
101 Iron ores
1011 Iron ores
102 Copper ores
1021 Copper ores
103 Lead and zinc ores
1031 Lead and zinc ores
104 Gold and silver ores
1041 Gold ores
1044 Silver ores
105 Bauxite and other aluminum ores
1051 Bauxite and other aluminum ores
106 Ferroalloy ores, except vanadium
1061 Ferroalloy ores, except vanadium
108 Metal mining services
1081 Metal mining services
109 Miscellaneous metal ores
1092 Mercury ores
Etc. ...
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3.3 NEW SOURCES
SCENARIO. Your agency recently received a permit
application for a hot mix asphalt facility. The application did
not list any toxic emissions. There are no other facilities of
this type in your area and you are not familiar with what types
of toxic emissions to expect. You need information on potential
emissions, health effects of those pollutants, acceptable
ambient concentrations, and sampling and analysis techniques.
The best way to find Clearinghouse information to help to answer this
question is to access all information via the SIC code for hot mix asphalt
facilities, which is 2951. To locate the proper SIC code, you can check the
list in the NATICH Data Base Users Guide cited in the preface. Report 16
(Figure T) lists the definitions for SIC codes when the user supplies either
a two, three, or four digit SIC code. State and local agency information
accessible by SIC code includes the following on-line reports: Report 17 -
permitting information and Report 18 - source testing information. Both of
these reports ask users for a specific two, three, or four digit SIC code.
The content of these reports is illustrated in Figures 6 and J. By using
these reports, you can get an understanding of the pollutants other agencies
have found to be associated with the source in question. Then you can find
information about those pollutants such as acceptable ambient concentrations
used by other agencies.
For example, using this SIC code to access permitting information in
Report 17, you would learn that three agencies, Texas, New York, and
Chattanooga/Hamilton County, Tennessee, have all issued permits for these
types of facilities. These three agencies have issued a total of over
250 permits for facilities with SIC code 2951. Report 18 indicates that
Maryland and Texas have conducted source tests at hot mix asphalt plants.
Maryland did not list results, but Texas indicated that they had tested for
hexachlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1-trichloroethane.
Bibliographic citations and references to ongoing EPA projects
(Report 19) are also accessible by SIC code and pollutant. Useful document
types pertaining to this scenario include source assessments, emission
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factor development documents, and control technology documents. There are
five bibliographic citations for this SIC code, including a source
assessment.
3.4 ADDITIONAL POLLUTANTS
SCENARIO. It has recently come to your attention that a
facility in your area that produces magnesium alloy from scrap
metal containing magnesium is using boron trifluoride. When you
learned of their potential boron trifluoride emissions, you
checked health effects data in the Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances (RTECS) and the description in the Merck
Index. According to these references, boron trifluoride can
cause irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes. Mammalian
inhalation tests for acute exposure are cited in RTECS. When
you developed the list of pollutants your agency would regulate,
you did not list boron trifluoride. Now you are wondering if
you should be regulating it.
The Clearinghouse can direct you toward contacts in other agencies that
regulate specific pollutants as well as provide you with citations to
reports and references to ongoing EPA projects on a particular chemical.
This information may help you decide if your agency should be regulating a
specific substance. Accessing this information for a specific pollutant is
explained in Section 3.1. In this case, you may find information on
acceptable ambient concentrations useful in seeing which agencies regulate
boron trifluoride and what ambient guidelines they use. Accessing Report 11
shows that three States, Connecticut, Nevada, and Virginia, report
acceptable ambient concentrations for boron trifluoride.
You may also be interested in agencies that have issued permits for
sources of boron trifluoride. Report 13 indicates that New York has issued
two permits involving boron trifluoride and Texas has issued seven.
As for the bibliographic citations and references to ongoing EPA
projects (see Section 3.1), you may find health, risk, exposure, and source
assessments useful in this case as well as EPA regulatory citations. For
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boron trifluoride, Report 19 references a NIOSH health assessment, "Criteria
for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Boron Trifluoride."
The Clearinghouse has recently published a report entitled, "Methods for
Pollutant Selection and Prioritization," July 1986. This report presents
several points State and local agencies consider in listing toxic air
pollutants of concern and describes systems used to prioritize listed
pollutants.
3.5 ACCIDENTAL RELEASES
SCENARIO. Recently your agency has been looking at your
programs for accident prevention and emergency response. You
feel you may have several potential sources of accidental
releases. How can you get more information on the chemicals EPA
listed in its acute hazards list? Which chemicals may be found
in your State? What are other agencies doing in the fields of
accident prevention and emergency release? In the event of an
emergency, how can the Clearinghouse help you respond?
The Clearinghouse can help you prepare for an emergency as you gather
information you feel you would need in order to respond. However, the
Clearinghouse is not designed to provide rapid help in the event of an
emergency. While you can access information fairly quickly on-line, you
will often want to contact the agency that submitted that information or
obtain the report for which you have found a citation, and that would be
very time-consuming in an emergency. Also, most of the agency data in the
Clearinghouse pertain to routine release, not emergency situations.
The NATICH data base can provide you with a summary of how other
agencies have characterized their emergency response work (on-line Report 5,
see Figure S). The data base can also help you find information on specific
pollutants as described in the response in Section 3.1.
In addition to the NATICH data base, you can find several articles on
this topic in the Clearinghouse Newsletter. The August 1985 issue, for
example, included an article on the accidental release side of EPA's air
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toxics strategy. The December 1985 issue described EPA's Chemical Emergency
Preparedness Hotline where callers can get general program information on
EPA's emergency preparedness program. The June 1986 issue discussed recent
development of the Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program. Future issues
of the Newsletter will continue to follow this topic. An index to all
Newsletter appears in Appendix A.
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APPENDIX A
INDEX TO NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION
CLEARINGHOUSE NEWSLETTER
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HOW TO USE THIS INDEX
Alphabetically arranged key word headings (in boldface type) are
followed by a subheading describing the context in which the key word
appears in the indexed Newsletter article. The title of the article itself
is not given since, for example, an article on California's process of
identifying and controlling toxic air pollutants might discuss at length, or,
at the other end of the scale, briefly mention, a good many topics of
interest to Newsletter readers. Both broad topics of discussion and brief
mentions of an item are indexed for the sake of completeness.
The subentry is followed in turn by a locator consisting of the
Newsletter month and year plus page number on which the information may be
found. Subsequent references to the key word in other Newsletters are
separated by semi-colons and have their own subentry phrases as necessary.
Thus, the first entry, Acetaldehvde, tells the reader that he may find that
substance referred to in the context of California's air toxics
identification and control process on page 5 of the December 1984
Newsletter. The second locator tells the reader that further information on
acetaldehyde in the same context (in this case, California revised the list
mentioned in the December 1984 article) may be found on page 6 of the
May 1985 issue.
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APPENDIX A
INDEX TO NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE
NEWSLETTER: DECEMBER 1983 THROUGH JUNE 1986
Acetaldehyde: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Acetone: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
ACGIH: and Massachusetts air toxics control program, Sept 1984, 5; and
NESCAUM regional strategy to control perchloroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7
Add gases: as products of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Acroleln: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Acrylic fibers: and EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3
AcrylonitHle: and EPA report on locating and estimating emissions of,
Dec 1985, 11; EPA-sponsored workshop on, June 1986, 11; regulatory status
of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6;
EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3; EPA report on, July 1984,
6; State/local option to evaluate prior to regulation, Dec 1984, 8-9
Actionable levels: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)*
Acute Hazards List: and EPA's air toxics strategy. Aug 1985, 5-6
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA), annual meeting of: abstracts of
papers, Sept 1984, 6-7; specialty conference on toxic air pollutants
(announced), Aug 1985, 9; and new air toxics committee, Aug 1985, 9
Air pollutants, hazardous: See Air pollutants, toxic
Air pollutants, toxic: See also entries under individual States; and air
stripping of VOCs during groundwater clean up, Dec 1985, 2-3; air toxics
program development guidance available (report), Mar 1986, 6; and new APCA
committee, Aug 1985, 9; benzene as, Feb 1984, 2, 3; rulemaking on benzene,
Sept 1984, 9; and CAA reauthorization, Apr 1984, 3-4; and California Air
The first issue of the Newsletter did not have page numbers. The numbers
in parentheses are assigned by order as though pages had been numbered.
A-l
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A1r pollutants, toxic (continued): Resources Board list of, May 1985, 6;
and cancer, Apr 1984, 6; May 1985, 2-3; and Chemical Emergency
Preparedness Program (CEPP), June 1986, 2-4; list of chemicals and their
regulatory status, Dec 1985, 10; defined, Dec 1983 (1)*; development of
State and local control programs for, Dec 1983 (4)*; developing standards
for, Dec 1983 (4-5)*; and emissions inventory procedures, Mar 1986, 11;
and EPA prototype scheme for handling high individual risk/low national
incidence, Sept 1984, 3; and EPA report assessing, Sept 1984, 2; and EPA
Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4-5; and EPA strategy to control, Aug 1985,
3-5; and EPA strategy to control both routine and accidental releases,
Aug 1985, 5-7; June 1986, 2-4; June 1986, 8-10; and Harvard School of
Public Health project, May 1985, 7; hazardous air pollutant prioritization
system (HAPPS), Feb 1984, 5; integrated approaches to control of, Dec 1983
(5)*; integrated approach to control of, Feb 1984, 4; and list of current
projects on, May 1985, 2; and Maine air toxics inventory, Sept 1984, 4;
and Massachusetts program, Sept 1984, 5; and proposed standards on
radionuclides, Dec 1984, 7-8; NATICH report on State/local air toxics
agency activities, Dec 1984, 1; and NESCAUM control policy guideline,
Dec 1983 (6)*; and NESCAUM regional strategy for perchloroethylene,
Dec 1985, 6-7; and OAQPS development of residential wood combustion NSPS,
May 1985, 3-5; as products of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9;
and Puget Sound asbestos regulation, Mar 1986, 8; and source sampling
methods, Feb 1984, 6; and New York toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7-8; Region 6 accidental release program, June 1986,
4-5; and State/local air pollution control agencies, Sept 1984, 3;
June 1986, 8-10; STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on, Dec 1985, 8-9; STAPPA/ALAPCO
policy on, Feb 1985, 4-5; Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS) set up by
EPA, Apr 1984, 7; and TAMS data base, Mar 1986, 10; May 1985, 7;
STAPPA/ALAPCO nationwide survey on, Feb 1984, 6; State control programs
for; vegetation damage from, Feb 1985, 4; and Virginia State Air Pollution
Control Board rules, Dec 1984, 5-6
Air stripping: and VOCs during groundwater cleanup, Dec 1985, 2-3
Air toxics control: environmental group/industry views on, Dec 1983 (4)*;
Federal/State/local role in, Dec 1983 (4)*; and federal grant support
program for, Aug 1984, 4-5; and NATICH data base contents, June 1986, 1-2;
and Region 6 inspection program, June 1986, 4-5
Air toxics control management: and EPA Strategy to control both routine and
accidental releases, June 1986, 8-10; and State integration, July 1984, 2;
1983 workshop on, Feb 1984, 3-5
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: See NATICH
Air toxics programs, "model" State: and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 3
Air toxics regulatory process: overview of, Feb 1984, 5
A-2
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Alkenes: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5
Ally! chloride: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Ambient air: characterization of, Feb 1984, 4; monitoring studies of,
Feb 1984, 4
Ambient levels, acceptable (AALs): and Massachusetts' air toxics control
program, Sept 1984, 5; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; NATICH report on, May 1985, 2; NESCAUM
control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6)*; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists: See ACGIH
Ammonium sulfate: measurement of in IACP project to identify airborne
carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7
APCA: See Air Pollution Control Association
Aniline emissions: and damage to vegetation, Feb 1985, 4
Aromatics: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5
Arsenic: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and New
York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Arsenic, Inorganic: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and EPA rulemaking on,
Sept 1984, 9
Asbestos: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; Puget Sound Air Pollution
Control Agency regulation adopted on, Mar 1986, 8
Ash: as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Association of Local A1r Pollution Control Officers (ALAPCO): See
STAPPA/ALAPCO
Averaging times: and NESCAUM control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6)*
BACT: and California's air toxics control program, Dec 1983,(7)*; and
Michigan's air toxics control program, Feb 1984, 4
A-3
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Benzene: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; carcinogenicity of emissions,
Feb 1984, 3; CAA Section 112 ruling on, Feb 1984, 2; as contributor to air
toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6; and EPA rulemaking on three source categories, Sept 1984,
9; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; and fugitive
emissions at petroleum refineries/chemical manufacturing plants,
Feb 1984, 2
Benzene storage facilities as benzene emission source: EPA rulemaking on,
Sept 1984, 9; and CAA rulemaking, Feb 1984, 2
Benzyl chloride: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Benzo(a)pyrene: as emission from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 3-5; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; study of, Sept 1984, 2
Beryllium: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Best available control technology. See BACT
Burden of proof: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)*
Butadiene, 1,3-: regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Cadmium: as contributor to air toxics problem. Sept 1984, 2-3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
California Air Resources Board: and prioritized list of potential toxic air
contaminants, May 1985, 6; contaminant identification and control process,
Dec 1984, 3-5
California Department of Health Services: California site mitigation (toxic
clean up) document prepared by, Mar 1986, 6
California, State of: air toxics control program case study, Feb 1984, 4;
air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4)*; proposed carcinogen policy of,
Dec 1983 (5)*
Cancer, risk of: and radon emissions from uranium in soil, Mar 1986, 3-5;
and relationship to toxic air pollutants, May 1985, 2-3
Carbon adsorption: as VOC control technology, Dec 1985, 3
A-4
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Carbon dioxide (CO,): and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7; as product of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9
Carbon-14: as tracer for wood smoke, Mar 1986, 7
Carbon monoxide (CO): and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program. Aug 1985, 7; as emission from residential wood combustion
devices, May 1985, 4-5; as product of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9
Carbon tetrachloride: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6; Dec 1985, 11; and
Michigan's use of airstripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; regulatory status of
under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Carcinogens: and air pollution, report on, Apr 1984, 6; and benzene
emissions, Feb 1984, 3; and California Air Resources Board Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 3-5; and State of California
proposed policy on, Dec 1983 (5)*; and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985,
3-5; and EPA air toxics strategy, June 1986, 8; and EPA emissions
inventories, June 1986, 10; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4-5; and
IACP evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6;
inhaled gasoline vapor as, Sept 1984, 9; intervention defined with respect
to control of, Dec 1983 (5-6)*; and International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) list of, Dec 1983 (6)*; and IACP field studies, Dec 1985,
5-6; IACP project to identify airborne, Mar 1986, 7; and proposed
standards on radionuclides, Dec 1984, 7-8; and STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on
hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5; and toxic air pollutants,
Sept 1984, 2-3; and toxic air pollutants, June 1986, 1; and emissions from
residential wood combustion, Feb 1985, 3; May 1985, 3-5; and VOCs,
Dec 1984, 3; Dec 1985, 3
Chemical Activities Status (CAS): report (1982), July 1984, 3
Chemical Coordination Publications List: abstracts from, July 1984, 2-4
Chemical designation: and statutes, July 1984, 3
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP): Dec 1985, 8-9; contents of,
June 1986, 2-4; and hotline, Dec 1985, 11; June 1986, 3
Chemical industry: New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for, Dec 1985,
8; and Region 6 accidental release inspection program, June 1986, 4-5
Chemical Information Resource Handbook: publication of by EPA, Feb 1984, 8
Chemical Manufacturers Association: Community Awareness and Emergency
Program of (CAEP), June 1986, 3
A-5
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Chemical manufacturing plants: benzene fugitive emissions from,
Feb 1984, 2; as source of toxic air pollutants causing vegetation damage,
Feb 1985, 4
Chemical selection methods: bibliography of, July 1984, 3
Chemicals, listed: and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 5-7; Dec 1985, 11
Chemicals, toxic: directory of coordinating groups, July 1984, 3; list of
included in Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP), June 1986, 3
Chlorinated benzenes: regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Chlorobenzene: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; EPA draft source/emission
factor report on, Dec 1984, 9
Chloroethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Chloroform: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6; EPA report on, July 1984, 6; Dec 1985, 11; and Michigan's
use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4; regulatory status of under
Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Chlorofluorocarbon 113: regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Chloroprene: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; regulatory status of under
Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Chromium: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10; EPA report on locating and estimating emissions of,
Dec 1985, 11; as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9;
EPA source/emission factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; and New York's toxic
air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Chrysenes: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7
Clean A1r Act (CAA): effectiveness of, according to House/Senate committee
members, Dec 1983 (5)*; and EPA decisions on trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylene, Mar 1986, 9; and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985,
3-5; and EPA arsenic rulemaking, Sept 1984, 9; and benzene rulemaking,
Feb 1984, 2; Sept 1984, 9; and EPA prototype scheme for handling toxic air
A-6
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Clean A1r Act (CAA) (continued): pollutants, Sept 1984, 3-4; and EPA report
assessing toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 2-3; and proposed standards on
radionuclides, Dec 1984, 7-8; reauthorization of, Apr 1984, 3-4;
Section 112, and intent-to-list, June 1986, 1; and Six Months Study,
Apr 1984, 4-5; and STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on air toxics, Dec 1985, 8-9;
and STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5; and
list of toxic air pollutants and their regulatory status, Dec 1985, 10
Cleanups, toxic: California "decision tree" document on, Mar 1986, 6
Closed system engineering: and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4
Coke oven emissions: regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Coke by-product recovery plants: and benzene, Feb 1984, 2
Combustion, Incomplete: and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5
Combustion, residential wood-fired: and emission of carcinogens from,
May 1985, 2-3; and IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-7; and OAQPS
development of NSPS on, May 1985, 3-5; Aspen, CO, regulation on,
June 1986, 7-8
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA): Apr 1984, 3; Reportable Quantity Provisions in, June 1986, 3;
Region 6 inspection program and, June 1986, 5
Connecticut, State of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7)*
Contingency Preparedness Plans: and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6
Control technology: as research area for AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3; carbon
adsorption as, Dec 1985, 3; cost of, Dec 1985, 3; and indoor radon levels,
Mar 1986, 3-5
Copper smelters, primary: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
Cotton gins: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9
Cresol: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Criteria pollutants: defined, Dec 1983 (1)*
Dialkyl nitrosamines: and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Dichlorobenzene, p-: and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
A-7
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Dichloroethane, 1,1-: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Dichloroethane, 1,2-: See also Ethylene dichloride; and EPA/IEMD ambient
monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; and Michigan's use of air stripping of
VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Dichlorodifluoromethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Dichloromethane: See also methylene chloride; and EPA/IEMD ambient
monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6
Dichloropropane, 1,2-: and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program,
Apr 1984, 5-6
D1ethyl ether: and Michigan's use of airstripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Dioxane, 1,4-: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Dloxln, emissions of: and combustion source study, July 1984, 7; and
New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
EPA national strategy on, Apr 1984, 2-3; regulatory status of under Clean
Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
D1phenylth1ourea (DPT), emissions of: and damage to vegetation, Feb 1985, 4
Dispersion calculations: used in study of emissions from chemical plant,
Feb 1985, 4
Dispersion models: evaluation of performance of, Apr 1984, 5; and risk
assessment/management, Feb 1984, 2
Emergency response programs: and Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program
(CEPP), June 1986, 2-4
Emission control requirements: and NESCAUM control policy guideline,
Dec 1983 (6)*
Emissions, air: licenses for, Dec 1983 (7)*
Emissions inventories: and EPA compilation of carcinogens, June 1986, 10;
and NATICH data base contents, June 1986, 1-2; procedures manual on
preparation of, Mar 1986, 11; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO conference, Dec 1984,
2; techniques, Feb 1984, 4
Emissions, toxic: and landfill excavation rule adopted by South Coast,
July 1984, 1-2
A-8
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Emission limitations: and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): acrylonitrile sources, prototype
scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3; Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory (AEERL), Hazardous technology Branch, functions of, Feb 1985,
2-3; EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program on chlorinated organics and
aromatics, Apr 1984, 5-6; arsenic Section 112 rulemaking, Sept 1984, 9;
rulemaking on benzene storage facilities as benzene emission source,
Sept 1984, 9; carcinogens, airborne, IACP project identifying, Mar 1986,
7; Chemical Activity Status Report (EPA CASR), defined, Feb 1984, 3;
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP), Dec 1985, 8-9; hotline
for, Dec 1985, 11; dioxin emissions, national strategy on, Apr 1984, 2-3;
and Control Programs Development Division (CPDD), State/local air toxics
control agencies, June 1986, 9-10; and functions of Agency Prevention Work
Group, June 1986, 4; and hazardous waste TSDF, Apr 1984, 5; NSPS on
residential wood-fired combustion, OAQPS development of, May 1985, 3-5;
Six Months Study, Apr 1985, 3-5, 5-7; Dec 1985, 11; Strategy to control
toxic air pollutants, Aug 1985, 3-5, 5-7; Dec 1985, 11; Strategy to
control both routine and accidental releases, June 1986, 8-10; Toxic Air
Monitoring System (JAMS), Apr 1984, 7; and technical support for multiyear
development plan (MYDP), June 1986, 9; toxic air pollutants, prototype
scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3-4; trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylene, decisions on, Mar 1986, 9
Ep1chlorohydr1n: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and EPA report on locating
and estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA draft source/emission
factor report on, Dec 1984, 9; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Epigenetic mechanisms: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)*
Ethyl benzene: and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; and
Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Ethylbenzene/styrene: plants as benzene emissions source (EPA rulemaking
on), Sept 1984, 9; process vents and CAA rulemaking, Feb 1984, 2
Ethylene d1bromide: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Ethylene dichloMde: See also Dichloroethane, 1,2-; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
May 1985, 6; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6; Dec 1985, 11; regulatory status
of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Ethylene oxide: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
A-9
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Extraction processes: as sources of radionuclide emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Formaldehyde: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6; Dec 1985, 11; and
New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Fuel, waste-derived: New Jersey rule on, Apr 1984, 2
Gasoline marketing industry sources as benzene emissions sources: EPA
rulemaking on, Sept 1984, 9
Georgia Environmental Protection Division: and control of vegetation damage
from toxic air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4
Glass manufacturing plants: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
Hazardous Air Pollutant Prioritization System (HAPPS): Feb 1984, 5
Hazardous air pollutants: See Air pollutants, hazardous
Hazardous material: burning of for fuel, Apr 1984, 2
Hazardous waste disposal: and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF): and EPA
emissions inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10; responsibility for
developing regulations transferred, Apr 1984, 5
Health effects: as basis for chemical-specific air toxics guidelines,
Dec 1983 (4-5)*; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4; and chemicals in the work place,
Dec 1983 (6)*; and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6; and Massachusetts
air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7)*; and NESCAUM control policy
guideline, Dec 1983 (6)*; and radon emissions from uranium in soil,
Mar 1986, 3; and VOCs, Dec 1985, 3
Health risks: (toxics-related), and cost, July 1984, 2-3; and dioxin,
Apr 1984, 2-3
Heavy metal particles: as products of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene: and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; regulatory
status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Hydrocarbons: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5
A-10
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Hydrochloric acid: as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986,
8-9
Hydrogen chloride: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7
Human exposure data: and Michigan's air toxics control program, Feb 1984, 4
Incineration at sea: and hazardous wastes, Feb 1984, 6
Indoor air, quality of: and Indoor Air Quality Research Act of 1985,
Dec 1985, 9; as research area for AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3; and radon
emissions from uranium in soil, Mar 1986, 3-5
Indoor air pollution: and Indoor Air Source Emissions Data Base (IASE)
(source characterization) data base, June 1986, 11; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2
Industry Assistance Office: See TSCA Assistance Office
Industry File Index (IFIS): defined, Feb 1984, 3; overview of, July 1984, 4
Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP): project to identify airborne
carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; description of, May 1985, 2-3; field studies
conducted by, Dec 1985, 5-6; and project to evaluate mutagenic activity of
wood smoke photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6; and support from
AEERL, Feb 1985, 2-3
Intent-to-list: and EPA decisions on trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylene, Mar 1986, 9; and Section 112, Clean Air Act, June 1986,
1; and STAPPA/ALAPCO conference on air toxics, Dec 1985, 8
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): and list of
carcinogens, Dec 1983 (6)*
Intervention: defined with respect to carcinogen control, Dec 1983 (5-6)*
Landfills: alternatives to, Aug 1985, 7-8; excavation of and South Coast
rule governing toxic emissions from, July 1984, 1-2
Lead: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7; as product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Lead, inorganic: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Lead smelters, primary and secondary: as inorganic arsenic emissions
sources, Sept 1984, 9
A-ll
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Letter of intent: See Memorandum of Understanding
Listed pollutants, emission limits for: and STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on
hazardous air pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5
Louisiana, State of: and special study identifying toxic air pollutants,
Feb 1984, 6
Maine, State of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7)*; and air toxics
inventory, Sept 1984, 4
Maleic anhydride plants as benzene emissions source: EPA rulemaking on,
Sept 1984, 9; and California Air Resources Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and CAA rulemaking on process vents,
Feb 1984, 2
Manganese: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and EPA report on locating and
estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA draft source/emission factor
report on, Dec 1984, 9; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act,
Dec 1985, 10
Massachusetts, Commonwealth of: and air toxics control program, Dec 1983
(4-5, 7)*; Sept 1984, 5
Medical, research, and training facilities: as sources of radionuclide
emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): and EPA prototype scheme for handling
toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 3; and State/local option to evaluate
acrylonitrile, Dec 1984, 9
Mercury: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; as product of resource
recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Methane: as emission from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 4-5
Methyl bromide: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Methyl chloroform: See also Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5;
May 1985, 6; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Methylene chloride: See also Dichloromethane; and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; and Michigan's use
of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
A-12
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Michigan Air Pollution Control Commission: and air stripping of volatile
organic compounds, Dec 1985, 2-3
Michigan, State of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4)*, Feb 1984, 4
Mobile sources: and air pollution/cancer report, Apr 1984, 6; and EPA Six
Months Study, Apr 1984, 5; and emission of carcinogens from, May 1985,
2-3; and IACP project identifying airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; and
IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-6; new regulations for, Dec 1985, 8
Modacryllc fibers: and EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3
Modeling: examples of, Feb 1984, 4; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; numerical, Apr 1984, 2; receptor
and IACP project identifying airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7
Monitoring, air toxics: considerations of, Dec 1983 (6)*; Indoor Air Source
Emissions Data Base update, June 1986, 11; program conducted by EPA,
Apr 1984, 5; study of, Sept 1984, 2; used in study of emissions from
chemical plant, Feb 1985, 4; and New Hampshire's air toxics control
program, Dec 1983 (7)*; and New Jersey's air toxics control program,
Dec 1983 (7-8)*; and Toxic Air Monitoring System (JAMS), May 1985, 7;
topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO conference, Dec 1984, 2
Most Appropriate Occupational Level (MAOL): and Massachusetts' air toxics
control program, Sept 1984, 5; and NESCAUM regional air toxics strategy
for perch!oroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7
Multiyear development plant (MYDP): and EPA air toxics strategy, June 1986,
8-9
Municipal waste disposal: and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4
Mutagens: and IACP evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5-6
National A1r Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH): charter adopted by
Working Group, Dec 1983 (1-2)*
NATICH data base: how to access, Feb 1985, 1-2; Aug 1985, 1-2; Mar 1986,
2-3; how to access, June 1986, 2; capabilities of, Mar 1986, 2; contents
of, May 1985, 1-2; contents of, June 1986, 1-2; fees for use of, Dec 1985,
2; material covered in, Dec 1985, 1; who can use, Dec 1985, 1; inception
of, Dec 1983 (1)*; function of Newsletter in, Dec 1983 (2)*; final
development plan for; Dec 1983 (2)*; information dissemination tools,
Dec 1983 (2)*; permit records in, June 1986, 2
NATICH reports: State/local air toxics agency activities, Dec 1984, 1; how
to obtain, Dec 1985, 2; ordering procedures for, Mar 1986, 3; purposes of,
Dec 1983 (1)*; and State/local air agency needs, Dec 1983 (2)*
A-13
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National Contingency Plan, The: June 1986, 3; and EPA air toxics strategy,
Aug 1985, 5
National Dloxin Strategy (EPA): Apr 1984, 2-3
National Response Team (NRT), The: and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985,
5; Regional Response Team, June 1986, 3
New Hampshire, State of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7)*
New Jersey, State of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7-8)*; and
waste oil as fuel regulation, Apr 1984, 2
NESCAUM: See Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
NESHAP: enforcement and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; and EPA air
toxics strategy, June 1986, 9; EPA report on, Sept 1984, 3
New York, State of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4, 8)*, Feb 1984,
4; and toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7-8
Nickel: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3; and
California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process,
Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; EPA reports on, July 1984, 6; Dec 1985, 11; and
New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7;
regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
N1tr1le rubber: and EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3
Nitrobenzene: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Nltrosomorphollne: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Nitrous oxides (NO ): as emissions from residential wood combustion
devices, May 198S, 4-5; and IACP evaluation of wood stove photo-oxidation
products, June 1986, 5-6; and New York's toxic air contaminant stack
assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; as product of resource recovery
facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Noncarcinogenlc effects of air toxics: Dec 1984, 2
Noncriteria pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
Northeast States for Coordinated A1r Use Management (NESCAUM): and
noncriteria pollutant control policy guideline, Dec 1983 (6)*; regional
air toxics strategy for perchloroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7; and move to
certify resource recovery facility operators, Mar 1986, 8-9; and waste oil
combustion presentation, Sept 1984, 8
A-14
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Nuclear power reactors: as sources of radlonucllde emissions, Dec 1984, 7
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR): and TSDF regulations, Apr 1984, 5
Office of Solid Waste (OSW): and TSDF regulations, Apr 1984, 5
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER): and National Dioxin
Strategy, Apr 1984, 3
Office of Water (OW): and National Dioxin Strategy, Apr 1984, 3
Operation and maintenance conditions: and California Air Resources
Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4
Organic compounds: as products of resource recovery facilities,
Mar 1986, 8-9
Organic gases, toxic: audit cylinders for, Aug 1985, 8
Ozone: and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3; and IACP evaluation of
wood stove photo-oxidation products, June 1986, 5-6
Particulate matter: and Colorado laws governing restaurants and street
sanding, June 1986, 8; and IACP project identifying airborne carcinogens,
Mar 1986, 7; in indoor air and uranium decay, Mar 1986, 3; and Harvard
School of Public Health project, May 1985, 7; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7; from residential wood
combustion (OAQPS development of RWC NSPS to control), May 1985, 3-5
PAH: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
PCBs: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and New York's toxic air contaminant
stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
PCD-Dioxins: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 7
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): emission information requested, Apr 1984, 8
Perch!oroethylene: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2-3;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; EPA decision on, Mar 1986, 9; and
EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; and NESCAUM regional
strategy to control, Dec 1985, 6-7; regulatory status of under Clean Air
Act, Dec 1985, 10
Permit application review: and New York/Michigan's air toxics control
programs, Feb 1984, 4
A-15
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Permits, building: and Aspen, Colorado, regulation on woodburning,
June 1986, 8
Pesticides: dioxin contamination of, Apr 1984, 3
Petroleum refineries: benzene fugitive emissions from, Feb 1984, 2
Phenol: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; regulatory status of under Clean Air
Act, Dec 1985, 10
Philadelphia, City of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4)*
Phosgene: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; EPA report on locating and
estimating emissions of, Dec 1985, 11; EPA draft source/emission factor
report on, Dec 1984, 9
Phosphorus plants, elemental: as sources of radionuclide emissions,
Dec 1984, 7
Point sources, Industrial: and STAPPA/ALAPCO policy on hazardous air
pollutants, Feb 1985, 4-5
Pollutants, organic: measured by Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS),
Apr 1984, 7; as emission from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 3-5; regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10
Pr1oritizat1on: California Air Resources Board use of for potential toxic
air contaminants, May 1985, 6; and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983
(6)*; and New York air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (8)*; and toxic
air pollutants, Feb 1984, 5
Propanol, 2-: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Propylene: and IARC evaluation of wood smoke photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5
Propylene oxide: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification
and Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTM): as contributor to air toxics
problem, Sept 1984, 2
Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency: asbestos regulation adopted by,
Mar 1986, 8; and waste-derived fuel regulation, Dec 1985, 4-5
Radionuclides: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and withdrawal of EPA proposed
standards for, Dec 1984, 7
Radium facility wastes: and radon emissions from, Mar 1986, 3
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Radon, emissions of: and indoor air, Mar 1986, 3-5; and proposed standards
on radionuclides, Dec 1984, 8
Refineries: wastes from, July 1984, 2
Regional Response Team (RRT): and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 5
Removal efficiency: and airstripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 3
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): and TSDF regulations,
Apr 1984, 5
Resource recovery facility: certification of operators of, Mar 1986, 8-9;
and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985,
7-8
Resource Recovery Facility Emission Characterization (RRFECS): See New York
State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC)
Right-to-know amendments: and Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program
(CEPP), June 1986, 4; and Superfund, Dec 1985, 9; and workers with respect
to chemical health effects, Dec 1983 (6)*
Risk appraisal: and toxic cleanups, Mar 1986, 6
Risk assessment: relation to air toxics, Feb 1984, 2; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4-5;
use of in relation to Clean Air Act, Dec 1983 (5)*; five basic concepts
of, Feb 1984, 4; and NATICH data base, June 1986, 1-2; and NESCAUM
regional strategy to control perchloroethylene, Dec 1985, 6-7; and risk
management, Dec 1983 (5-6)*; Feb 1984, 2; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO
conference, Dec 1984, 2; case study involving waste oil handling and
disposal, Feb 1984, 5
Risk estimates: role of in benzene rulemaking, Feb 1984, 3
Risk management: relation to air toxics, Feb 1984, 2; and California Air
Resources Contaminant Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4-5;
and risk assessment, Feb 1984, 2; topic at STAPPA/ALAPCO conference,
Dec 1984, 2
Sampling/analysis techniques: dual sorbent system applied to, Feb 1984, 5;
and IACP project identifying airborne carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7; and Toxic
Air Monitoring System (TAMS), May 1985, 7
Science review panel: and drafting carcinogen policy, Dec 1983 (6)*
Sewage treatment plants: and EPA Six Month Study, Apr 1984, 5
Site Investigation: and toxic cleanups, Mar 1986, 6
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Six Month Study, EPA: and Agency's air toxics strategy, Apr 1984, 4-5;
Aug 1985, 3-5
Source sampling methods: and toxic air pollutants, Feb 1984, 6
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD): and rule governing
toxic emissions from landfills, July 1984, 1-2
Stack sampling: used in study of emissions from chemical plant, Feb 1985,
4; New York's toxic air contaminant assessment program on, Aug 1985, 7-8;
and resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
State/local air toxics control agencies: technical assistance for,
Dec 1984, 2; partnership with Federal agencies, Aug 1985, 3-4; July 1984,
2, 4; Dec 1985, 8
State and Territorial A1r Pollution Program Administrators (STAPPA): and
appointment of air toxics policy work group, Feb 1984, 6; and EPA air
toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 3-5; conferences of, Dec 1983 (3-4)*;
July 1984, 6; Sept 1984, 8; Dec 1984, 2-3; and NATICH, Dec 1983 (1)*; and
NATICH data base, Dec 1985, 1-2; and policy on hazardous air pollutants,
Feb 1985, 4-5; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 5-6; survey of toxic
air pollutants, Feb 1984, 6
Stationary sources: and Air Pollution/Cancer report, Apr 1984, 6; audit
cylinders available for, Aug 1985, 8
Styrene: and EPA prototype scheme for handling, Sept 1984, 3
Substitute compounds: and California Air Resources Contaminant
Identification and Control Process, Dec 1984, 4
Sulfur dioxide (SO,): and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1983, 7; as refinery waste site contaminant, July 1984, 2; as
product of resource recovery facilities, Mar 1986, 8-9
Sulfur oxides (SO ): as emissions from residential wood combustion devices,
May 1985, 4-5 x
Superfund: and community right-to-know amendment, Dec 1985, 9; and EPA air
toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6-7; and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 4
Systems Applications Human Exposure and Dosage (SHED): Feb 1984, 4
Systems Applications Human Exposure and Risk (SHEAR): Feb 1984, 4
(TCDD) Tetrachlorod1benzo-p-d1ox1n, 2,3,7,8-(2378-TCDD): and dioxin
combustion source study, July 1984, 7; and New York's toxic air
contaminant stack assessment program, Aug 1985, 8
Tetrahydrothiophenes: as refinery waste site contaminant, July 1984, 2
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Texas Air Control Board: formation of research division and functions of,
July 1984, 5
Texas, State of: air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (4)*; and special
study identifying toxic air pollutants, Feb 1984, 6
Threshold Limit ValuesR: See TLV
Tiers 1-7: See Dioxin, EPA National Strategy on
TLV: and Maine's air toxics control program, Dec 1983 (7)*; and Virginia
Air Pollution Control Board rules, Dec 1984, 5-6
Toluene: regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10; and
EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6; and Michigan's use of
air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Total Suspended Participate (TSP): and EPA emissions inventory of
carcinogens, June 1986, 10
Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS): set up by EPA, Apr 1984, 7; functions
defined, Mar 1986, 10; three monitoring sites established for, May 1985, 7
Toxic air pollutants: See Air pollutants, toxic
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): and EPA prototype scheme for handling
toxic air pollutants, Sept 1984, 3-4; and Chemical Emergency Preparedness
Program (CEPP), June 1986, 3; Federal activities in, July 1984, 4; grants
to States, analysis of, July 1984, 4; information collection record
keeping requirements of, and EPA air toxics strategy, Aug 1985, 6-7;
inventory of chemicals in commerce, July 1984, 4; status report for
existing chemicals, July 1984, 3
Toxicity model: and Michigan's air toxics control program, Feb 1984, 4
Tribromomethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-: and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984,
5-6; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs, Dec 1985, 4
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Trichloroethylene: regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985, 10;
and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; as contributor to air toxics problem,
Sept 1984, 2-3; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring program, Apr 1984, 5-6;
EPA decision on, Mar 1986, 9; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Trichlorofluoromethane: and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
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TSCA Assistance Office (TAO): functions of, Apr 1984, 7
TSDF: as contributor to air toxics problem, Sept 1984, 2
Uranium: radon emissions from and indoor air, Mar 1986, 3-5; Uranium Mill
Tailing Radiation Control Act, Mar 1986, 3; mines as sources of
radionuclide emissions, Dec 1984, 8
Urban aerosols: and Harvard School of Public Health project, May 1985, 7
Vanadium: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7
Vinyl chloride: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and
Control Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6
V1nyl1dene chloride: regulatory status of under Clean Air Act, Dec 1985,
10; and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; EPA draft source/emission factor report
on, Dec 1984, 9; and EPA report on locating and estimating emissions of,
Dec 1985, 11
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): and air stripping, Dec 1985, 2-3; and
cancer, Dec 1984, 3; and EPA air toxics monitoring data base, June 1986,
11; and EPA emissions inventory of carcinogens, June 1986, 10
Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST): procedures for, Aug 1985, 8
Virginia State A1r Pollution Control Board: noncriteria pollutant control
rules adopted, Dec 1984, 5-6
Waste-derived fuel: combustion and marketing of, Dec 1985, 4-5; New Jersey
rule on, Apr 1984, 2
Wastes, hazardous: and incineration at sea, Feb 1984, 6; and Puget Sound
waste-derived fuel regulation, Dec 1985, 5
Waste incineration: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment
program, Aug 1985, 7-8
Waste oil combustion: NESCAUM presentation on, Sept 1984, 8; and toxic
emissions, Dec 1984, 2
Waste oil handling and disposal: as risk assessment case study, Feb 1984, 5
Wastewater treatment facilities: and EPA emissions inventory of
carcinogens, June 1986, 10
Wood combustion, residential: and IACP field studies, Dec 1985, 5-7
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Woodstoves: See also Combustion, residential wood-fired; and catalytic
combustors, May 1985, 4-5; emissions from and conference on, Feb 1985, 6;
and EPA Six Months Study, Apr 1984, 5; as research area for AEERL,
Feb 1985, 2-3
Wood preservatives: bibliography of, Dec 1985, 9
Wood smoke: and Aspen, Colorado, regulation on woodburning, June 1986, 7-8;
and IARC evaluation of mutagenic activities of photo-oxidation products,
June 1986, 5-6; measurement of in IACP project to identify airborne
carcinogens, Mar 1986, 7
Working group, NATICH: appointment of, Dec 1983 (1, 3)*; approves NATICH
objectives and guidelines, Feb 1984, 1
Xylene: and California Air Resources Contaminant Identification and Control
Process, Dec 1984, 5; May 1985, 6; and EPA/IEMD ambient monitoring
program, Apr 1984, 5-6; and Michigan's use of air stripping of VOCs,
Dec 1985, 4
Zinc: and New York's toxic air contaminant stack assessment program,
Aug 1985, 7
Zinc oxide plants: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources, Sept 1984, 9
Zinc smelters, primary: as inorganic arsenic emissions sources,
Sept 1984, 9
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region V, Library
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
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