xvEPA
Hazardous Waste
Superfund Collection
Database Thesaurus
""^ Printed on Recycled Paper
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September 1990
HAZARDOUS WASTE SUPERFUND
COLLECTION
Database Thesaurus
Information Access Branch
Office of Information Resources Management
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2904
401M Street, S.W
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 382-5922
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE i
INTRODUCTION ii
GUIDE TO MAJORSUBJECT HEADINGS 1
GUIDE TO THE FORMAT 2
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF KEYWORDS 3
LIST OF CORPORATE SOURCES 48
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PREFACE
The Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection Database Thesaurus
provides an index to terminology related to hazardous waste
and facilitates the use of the Hazardous Waste Superfund
Collection Database. This second edition of the Thesaurus
includes several new features. New keywords have been added to
ensure that the Thesaurus reflects current concerns in the field of
hazardous waste. Several keywords, which were not used
extensively, have been deleted. Because informal user feedback
indicated that the Hierarchical Display contained in the first edition
was seldom utilized, it has been omitted. A list of corporate sources
has been added to aid searchers who wish to retrieve documents
published by individual agencies. These tools—the keyword list
and the corporate source list —are available on the menu-driven
version of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection Database.
Comments regarding the Hazardous Waste Superfund
Collection Database Thesaurus are welcome. Please direct your
correspondence to the Head Hazardous Waste Superfund Librarian,
Felice Sacks, at the EPA Headquarters Library.
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INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Hazardous Waste
Superfund Collection is composed of: EPA reports, policy and guidance
directives from the EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER), commercially published books, audiovisual materials,
legislation, regulations, and reports from selected Government Agencies,
such as the General Accounting Office. All items contained within the
Collection have as their primary focus the subject of hazardous waste. For
more information on these documents, please refer to the "Guide to Key EPA
Hazardous Waste Publications."
Each item in the Collection corresponds to a record in the Hazardous
Waste Superf und Collection Database. The Thesaurus lists 333 subject terms
used to classify the documents in the Collection. Users of the Thesaurus will
formulate more effective searches and retrieve more pertinent records from
the Database.
The Thesaurus is divided into two parts: the Alphabetical List of
Keywords and the List of Corporate Sources. The first part lists the Database
indexing terms alphabetically with an accompanying definition. Beneath
each term are found other terms that have been classified as "broader" (BT),
"narrower" (NT), or "related" (RT) to the listed keyword. The List of
Corporate Sources contains a complete list of names and acronyms for
organizational sources currently indexed within the collection. This list will
aid users in their search for documents prepared by EPA Offices or other
government agencies. Also included in this edition is a "Guide to the Major
Subject Headings."
The terms and their accompanying definitions have not been subject
to peer review. This Thesaurus is meant as an aid to individuals searching
only the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection Database. These terms and
their definitions in no way reflect the official views or policy of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Public access to the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database is provided
by the U. S. National Technical Information Service (NTIS) which sells a
subscription to an online version of the Database, the Online Library System
(OLS). EPA staff and authorized contractors may access the Database by
signing on to OLS from their office, the Headquarters library or any of the
Regional libraries.
ii
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GUIDE TO THE MAJOR SUBJECT HEADINGS
Listed below are the nine major subject areas and their respective second tier terms.
Each of the 333 keywords in the Alphabetical Display falls within one of these nine major
subject headings: Assessment, Legal Aspects, Emergency Preparedness, Control Methods,
Superfund, Management, Government, Hazardous Substances, and Waste Types. A term's
location within this hierarchy can be determined by an inspection of its listed broader and
narrower terms.
ASSESSMENT
Analysis
Ecological Risk
Economic Assessment
Generators
Human Health Risk
Methodology
Monitoring
LEGAL ASPECTS
Enforcement
Legislation
Liability
Regulations
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Community Awareness
Emergency Response
CONTROL METHODS
Alternative Technologies
Conventional Treatment
Equipment
In-situ
Ocean Dumping
Waste Minimization
SUPERFUND
CERCLIS
Cleanup
Mixed Funding
National Contingency Plan
SUPERFUND (cont'd.)
National Priorities List
Record of Decision (ROD)
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE)
MANAGEMENT
Contracts
Information Sources
Policy
Training
GOVERNMENT
International
Local
State
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Carcinogens
Inorganic Chemicals
Mutagens
Organic Chemicals
Pesticides
WASTE TYPES
Emissions
Infectious Wastes
Leachates
Liquid Wastes
Solid Wastes
1
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GUIDE TO THE FORMAT
Shown below is a sample entry from the Alphabetical Display.
1 >Remedial Actions - Those solutions either proposed or actually
2 >undertaken for the permanent cleanup at a Superfund site. Use for
Remedial Designs, Remedial Response.
3 >BT Cleanup
BT Remedy Selection
->NT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
->RT Removal Actions
Remedial Designs
6 > use Remedial Actions
(1) Keyword
(2) Definition
(3) BT - "Broader Term." Indicates that the keyword following BT is the more
general concept under which the listed keyword would fall. The user might
choose to search using the broader keyword for a more comprehensive
or general search.
(4) NT - "Narrower Term." Indicates that the keyword following NT is a more
specific concept under the listed keyword. The user may choose to search using
the narrower keyword for a more selective search.
(5) RT - "Related Term." The keyword following RT is a concept closely related to
the listed keyword other than the NT or BT relationships. The searcher may
wish to search on the related keyword for a more comprehensive search.
(6) Use - Directs the user from a term not recognized as a keyword to an
acceptable, recognized keyword. The searcher would never search on the non-
recognized term, rather he/she should search on the synonym or newer key
word that follows the phrase "use."
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LIST OF CORPORATE SOURCES
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"A" List
"A" List
use Technology Transfer Documents
Abandoned Sites - A hazardous site, facility or generator that is no longer used due to
permanent shutdown or disrepair.
BT Sites
Acids - Compounds, either organic or inorganic, that have certain similar properties, one
being a pH of less than 7.0.
BT Inorganic Chemicals
BT Organic Chemicals
NT Phenol
Activated Sludge
use Aerobic Biodegradation
Adsorption - An advanced method of treating wastes in which activated carbon removes
organic matter from wastewater.
BT Physical Treatment
Aerated Lagoons - Natural or artificial wastewater ponds or basins in which mechanical
or diffused air is used to supplement natural oxygen supply.
BT Aeration
Aerated Ponds
use Aerated Lagoons
Aeration - Biological treatment that is marked by the circulation of oxygen through a
substance such as wastewater.
BT Biological Treatment
NT Aerated Lagoons
RT Aerobic Biodegradation
RT Anaerobic Biodegradation
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Aerobic Biodegradation
Aerobic Biodegradation - Biological treatment through which microorganisms metabolize
biodegradable organics in aqueous waste in an oxygen environment. Includes
activated sludge process.
BT Biological Treatment
RT Aeration
RT Anaerobic Biodegradation
Air - The atmosphere of the earth, characterized by a mixture of gases, including
nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon, and helium.
BT Environmental Media
Air Stripping - System which provides for mass transfer of volatile organic contaminants
from a liquid phase to a gas phase. A type of physical treatment.
BT Physical Treatment
Alternate Concentration Limits
use Alternative Concentration Limits (ACL)
Alternative Concentration Limits (ACL) - Limits, determined by an EPA regional
administrator, which permit the occurrence of higher levels of hazardous substances
than normally allowed.
BT Regulations
Alternative Technologies - Any unit operations and their related equipment that
permanently alter the composition and toxicity of hazardous waste through biological,
physical, thermal, and chemical treatment orthrough a stabilization/solidification
process.
BT Control Methods
NT Best Demonstrated Available Treatment (BOAT)
NT Biological Treatment
NT Chemical Treatment
NT Mobile Treatment
NT Physical Treatment
NT Stabilization/Solidification
NT Thermal Treatment
RT Conventional Treatment
RT Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Site (SITE)
RT Waste Minimization
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Anaerobic Biodegradation
Anaerobic Biodegradation - Biological treatment in which microorganisms metabolize
biodegradable organics in aqueous waste in an oxygen deficient environment.
BT Biological Treatment
RT Aeration
RT Aerobic Biodegradation
Analysis - The testing of substances to determine their chemical composition or hazardous
characteristics. Use for testing.
BT Assessment
NT Corrosivity
NT EP Toxlcity
NT Gas Chromatography
NT Ignitability
NT Incompatibility
NT Reactivity
RT Methodology
RT Monitoring
Appendix VIII Constituents - As listed in 40 CFR 261. These chemicals when found in
a substance are used as criteria for placement on a Hazardous Substance List.
Includes Principal Organic Constituents.
BT Hazardous Substance Lists
Aquifer - Underground bed or layer of earth, gravel, or porous stone containing water.
BT Soil
Asbestos - Fibrous magnesium silicate. Highly carcinogenic.
BT Carcinogens
BT Inorganic Chemicals
Assessment - The quantitative and qualitative study of hazardous waste and its
sources. May include its effects on the environment, including the human population.
NT Analysis
NT Ecological Risk
NT Economic Assessment
NT Generators
NT Human Health Risk
NT Methodology
NT Monitoring
Audits - A formal examination of the financial activities of an organization.
BT Economic Assessment
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Available Technologies
Available Technologies
use Alternative Technologies
"B" List
use Technology Transfer Documents
Backfill - The process through which a previously excavated hazardous waste site is filled
with non-contaminated organic material and vegetation.
BT Landfills
RT Capping
Batteries - A group of cells or one cell which store an electric charge and emit a current.
Source of hazardous waste.
BT Industry
Best Demonstrated Available Treatment (BOAT) - Ranking of hazardous waste
alternative technologies for each specific waste. Ranking is based on factors such as
availability and performance.
BT Alternative Technologies
Bibliographies - A list of citations of journal articles, books, or reports.
BT Information Sources
Bioassay - Use of living organisms to measure the effect of a substance on the
environment.
BT Sensing Techniques
Biological Treatment - Alternative technology process whereby the organic components
of hazardous waste are biologically decomposed or altered under controlled
conditions to a state which is either non-toxic or less toxic than its pretreatment state.
Includes composting.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Aeration
NT Aerobic Biodegradation
NT Anaerobic Biodegradation
NT Stabilization Ponds
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Boilers
Boilers - Vessels in which hazardous waste is used as supplementary fuel to coal or oil.
BT Incineration
Burial
use Landfills
Burning
use Incineration
"C" List
use Technology Transfer Documents
California List - List of liquid hazardous wastes containing certain metals, cyanides, PCBs,
corrosives, etc. List subsequently incorporated into the provisions of the Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments.
BT Regulations
Capping - The covering of a landfill, injection well, etc., after operations have ceased.
BT Landfills
BT Underground Injection
RT Backfill
Carcinogens - Chemicals that cause cancer. Includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
BT Hazardous Substances
NT Asbestos
NT Dioxlns
NT Phenol
NT Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
Case Studies - A document that summarizes the history, including contamination and
remediation, of a particular hazardous waste site.
BT Information Sources
Cement Kiln Dust
use Pozzolanic Process
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Cementing
Cementing - Process through which wastes are stirred in water and then mixed directly with
cement. Suspended particles are incorporated into hardened concrete.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
Centrification - The separation of hazardous waste through the use of centrifugal force.
The waste is placed in a confined vessel and then rapidly rotated, forcing the
components of the waste to break apart and separate at the outermost walls of the
vessel.
BT Phase Separation
CERCLA - (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.)
BT Legislation
NT Post-Closure Liability Fund
RT CERCLIS
RT SARA
RT Super-fund
CERCLIS - (Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation and Liability Information
System.) EPA database that tracks Superfund cleanup actions.
BT Superfund
RT CERCLA
RT Databases
Chemical Treatment - Alternative technology processes and related equipment that alter
the chemical structure of the hazardous constituents so that the resulting material is
less hazardous than the original waste.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Chlorinolysis
NT Neutralization
Chlorinolysis - Chemical treatment process characterized by the addition of large amounts
of chlorine to waste at high temperatures. The process reduces the hazardous
nature of the waste.
BT Chemical Treatment
Civil Judicial Action - Legal action brought about by the EPA to enforce or protect the
private rights of citizens. Use for all types of legal action, except criminal
proceedings.
BT Litigation
RT Criminal Judicial Action
8
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Claims
Claims - Action through which a person or entity demands a right or due.
BT Liability
Clean Air Act
BT Legislation
Clean Water Act
BT Legislation
NT 311(K)Fund
Cleanup - Process of restoring a hazardous waste site or spill.
BT Superfund
NT Pre-Remedial
NT Remedial Actions
NT Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
NT Remedy Selection
NT Removal Actions
RT Restoration
RT Treatability Study
Commercial
use Industry
Community Awareness - The disclosure of the dangers of hazardous chemicals to
workers and the community at large; also, the participation of community groups in
the preparation of emergency plans.
BT Emergency Preparedness
NT Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
NT Notification
RT Rlght-to-Know
Compliance
BT Regulations
RT Non-compliance
Composting
use Biological Treatment
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Confidentiality
Confidentiality - Withholding of precise chemical information considered proprietary by
chemical companies.
BT Notification
Consent Decree - Agreement by defendant to cease activities asserted as illegal by EPA.
Upon approval of agreement by the court, the EPA action against the defendant is
dropped.
BT Enforcement
Construction - Erection of both residential and nonresidential buildings. Source of
hazardous waste.
BT Industry
Containers - Any package, can, barrel, or containing device other than tanks or drums, used
to enclose a hazardous waste.
BT Storage
NT Corrosion
NT Drums
NT Storage Tanks
Contamination - The process by which a physical, chemical, biological, or radiological
substance or matter has an adverse effect on air, water, or soil.
BT Ecological Risk
Contingency Plan
use National Contingency Plan
Contractors - Entities that are temporarily hired by the government to provide a particular
service. In the case of hazardous waste management, contractors may be involved
in the storage, treatment, or disposal of hazardous waste.
BT Management
RT Treatability Study
Contracts - Agreements in which one party performs a service in exchange for financial
remuneration or a return service.
BT Management
10
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Control Methods
Control Methods - Means by which the toxicity of hazardous waste is lessened or its
impact minimized through either: (1) containment and storage (Conventional
Treatment),(2) treatment (see Alternative Technologies) or (3) minimization at the
source.
NT Alternative Technologies
NT Conventional Treatment
NT Equipment
NT In-situ
NT Ocean Dumping
NT Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility (TSD)
NT Waste Minimization
Conventional Treatment - Removal or containment of hazardous waste to regulated
land treatment sites. Waste is neither treated nor destroyed. Continued maintenance
is required to monitor potential contamination of surrounding environment. Solution is
not permanent.
BT Control Methods
NT Land Treatment
NT Landfills
NT Liners
NT Storage
NT Surface Impoundments
NT Transportation
NT Underground Injection
RT Alternative Technologies
RT Waste Minimization
Cooperative Agreements - The process by which a state enters into an agreement with
the EPA to manage the remedial response of a site.
BT Legal Aspects
Corrective Actions
use Removal Actions or Remedial Actions
Corrosion - The gradual wearing away of storage tanks, that eventually leads to leakage
and contamination.
BT Containers
BT Drums
BT Storage Tanks
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Corrosivity
Corrosivity - Characteristic of a hazardous waste marked by the waste's ability to dissolve
metals or burn the skin.
BT Analysis
RT EP Toxicity
RT Ignitabllity
RT Reactivity
Cost Recovery - Process by which EPA documents and attempts to recover the maximum
practical amount of money due from responsible parties for Superfund financed
cleanups.
BT Liability
RT Responsible Parties
RT Settlements
Costs - The amount of money needed for the cleanup of a site or the maintenance of a
program. Can also be used to define the long-term economic costs due to hazardous
waste contamination.
BT Economic Assessment
RT Mixed Funding
Criminal Judicial Action - Legal action brought by EPA against those parties charged
with violating criminal laws.
BT Litigation
RT Civil Judicial Action
Data - Information used to assess the toxic nature of a substance. Also used to mean general
facts or figures from which conclusions can be made.
BT Methodology
RT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
Data Quality Objectives (DQO) - Quantitative and qualitative statements outlining the
decision-making process and data required to support EPA remedial actions
decisions.
BT Remedial Actions
RT Data
RT Methodology
Databases - Computerized information systems.
BT Information Sources
RT CERCLIS
12
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De Minimis
De Minimis - Type of settlement through which parties that contribute very small amounts of
hazardous wastes to a site are able to settle with the EPA for small or "de minimis"
amounts.
BT Settlements
Decontamination
use Cleanup
Delisting - Process of excluding a waste from regulation as hazardous.
BT Hazardous Substance Lists
RT Exemptions
Design - A general plan or program used in hazardous waste treatment, disposal, and
storage.
BT Methodology
Dioxins - Family of compounds with common triple ring structure of two benzene rings
interconnected with a pair of oxygen atoms.
BT Carcinogens
BT Organic Chemicals
Directives - Special series of policy and guidance documents that provide interpretation,
suggestions, and recommendations consistent with legislation. Guidance materials
do not supersede legislation.
BT Policy
Directories - Lists of names, addresses, and telephone numbers of a particular set of
individuals or organizations.
BT Information Sources
Disposal
use Conventional Treatment
Drinking Water - Any raw or finished water source that is or may be used as a public water
system or as drinking water by one or more individuals.
BT Water
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Drums
Drums - A circular vessel, commonly used to house hazardous waste.
BT Containers
NT Corrosion
Dumps
use Landfills or Ocean Dumping
Ousts - A finely ground dry mixture containing a small amount of pesticide with an inert carrier
such as clay.
BT Solid Wastes
Ecological Risk - Discussion of the risk or damage to organic matter (plant and animal life)
as well as inorganic matter (air, water, soil, etc.).
BT Assessment
NT Contamination
NT Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
NT Indian Lands
NT Natural Resources
NT Restoration
Economic Assessment - Estimating the monetary value of a program, procedure or
event, and/or the monetary value of the effects of such a procedure, program, or
event.
BT Assessment
NT Audits
NT Costs
NT Economic Impact
NT Fee Systems
NT Taxes
Economic Impact - Includes the social and/or economic impact of a particular decision or
action.
BT Economic Assessment
RT Liability
ElGCtrodialysiS - A physical treatment process through which heat energy is applied to a
solution, slurry, or suspended solid mixture to vaporize part of the mixture while
concentrating the semisolid components.
BT Membrane Separation
14
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Electroplating
Electroplating - Production of a thin coat of metal on a surface. Source of hazardous
waste.
BT Industry
Emergency Preparedness - Protective measures, mandated by the Right-to-Know
provision of Title 3 of SARA, that are to be implemented by a company or community
after a hazardous waste spill or emission.
NT Community Awareness
NT Emergency Response
RT Right-to-Know
Emergency Response - Action(s) taken to contain the release of hazardous substances
in the environment.
BT Emergency Preparedness
NT Emergency Response Plans
NT Environmental Response Team
NT Releases
NT Removal Actions
Emergency Response Plans - Plans developed at the State or local level, that detail
procedures and responses to hazardous spills and releases in local communities.
BT Emergency Response
Emissions - Gaseous waste materials discharged into the environment.
BT Waste Types
Energy
BT Generators
NT Geothermal
NT Radioactivity
NT Utilities
Enforcement - The means employed to force violators or potential violators of the law to
obey the laws or make restitution for the transgression of those laws.
BT Legal Aspects
NT Consent Decree
NT Illegal Actions
NT Litigation
NT Mediation
NT Negotiations
NT Settlements
RT Section 3008(h)
15
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Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - Document that provides information
concerning the positive and negative effects on the environment of major projects or
legislative proposals.
BT Ecological Risk
Environmental Media - The three major components of the environment in which flora
and fauna live: air, water, and soil.
BT Natural Resources
NT Air
NT Soil
NT Water
Environmental Response Team - Group of hazardous waste experts who provide
multidisciplinary assistance to EPA's other hazardous waste experts.
BT Emergency Response
Environmental Risk
use Ecological Risk
EP Toxicity - Characteristic of a hazardous waste marked by high concentrations of heavy
metals or specific pesticides.
BT Analysis
RT Corrosivity
RT Ignitability
RT Reactivity
Equipment - Machines used to provide a variety of services in the treatment, storage, and
disposal of hazardous waste.
BT Control Methods
NT Retro-fit
Evaporation • A physical treatment process through which heat energy is applied to a
solution, slurry, or suspended solid mixture to vaporize part of the mixture while
concentrating the semisolid components.
BT Physical Treatment
16
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Excavation
Excavation - Physical treatment process through which a hazardous waste is removed from
within the ground.
BT Physical Treatment
RT Extraction
Exemptions - The release of an entity from a previously determined obligation related to
hazardous waste regulation.
BT Regulations
RT Delisting
Extraction - Physical treatment process through which dissolved or absorbed substances
are transferred from a liquid or solid phase of a solvent.
BT Physical Treatment
NT Soil Washing/Soil Flushing
NT Supercritical Extraction
RT Excavation
Facility Standards - Operating guidelines, determined by the EPA, for treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities.
BT Regulations
RT Location Standards
Feasibility Study
use Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
Federal Facilities - Federally owned buildings or sites or federally run programs that are
sources of hazardous waste.
BT Generators
Fee Systems - Method for funding hazardous waste disposal in which the "user" is
assessed a fee for use of disposal program.
BT Economic Assessment
Filtration - A physical treatment process in which suspended solids are removed from a fluid
by passage through a porous media with a force of gravity.
BT Physical Treatment
17
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Financial Responsibility Requirements
Financial Responsibility Requirements - The requirement through which owners and
operators prove adequate funding is available through insurance or trust funds for
their closure or post-closure plans.
BT Regulations
Fires - The combustion of a release of hazardous materials.
BT Releases
Fixation
use Stabilization/Solidification
Fluidized Bed Incineration - Type of incineration that uses refractory-lined vessels
containing a bed of graded, inert granular material.
BT Incineration
Fly Ash
use Pozzolanic Process
Fuels - Includes motor fuels, gasoline, etc.
BT Organic Chemicals
Funds - Sources of money for hazardous waste cleanup and control, raised through taxes
and authorized by legislation.
BT Legislation
NT 3l1(K)Fund
NT LUST Trust Fund
NT Post-Closure Liability Fund
RT Superfund
RT Taxes
Garbage
use Municipalities
Gas Chromatography - Method for separating and analyzing complex mixtures of volatile
organic and inorganic compounds.
BT Analysis
18
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Gasoline
Gasoline
use Fuels
Generators - Producers of hazardous waste. May be further defined by industry, quantity, or
source.
BT Assessment
NT Energy
NT Federal Facilities
NT Industry
NT Municipalities
NT Sites
NT Small Quantity Generators
RT Waste Types
Geothermal - A form of energy produced from the heat of the earth's interior.
BT Energy
Government - Reserved for items of a very general nature. Use international, local, or State
for issues addressed at such levels; otherwise, items are assumed to address
issues, policies, programs, etc., at the national level.
NT International
NT Local
NT State
RT Legislation
RT Regulations
Groundwater - Fresh water below the earth's surface.
BT Water
Guidance - Documents or portions of documents that provide interpretation, suggestions, or
recommendations consistent with legislation. Guidance materials do not supersede
legislation.
BT Policy
Hazard Ranking System
use Mitre Model
19
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Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) - Amendments to RCRA. use
for RCRA Amendments.
BT Legislation
BT RCRA
NT Section 3008(h)
Hazardous Substance Lists * Total of four lists of substances that meet requirements as
hazardous as defined by 40 CFR sec. 261 subpart D. Use for Listed Hazardous
Waste.
BT Regulations
NT Appendix VIII Constituents
NT Delisting
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
use Superfund
Hazardous Substances - Substances that adversely affect the life process.
NT Carcinogens
NT Inorganic Chemicals
NT Mutagens
NT Organic Chemicals
NT Pesticides
RT Waste Types
Hazardous Waste Trust Fund
use Superfund
Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS) - Special type of
document prepared to support listings under RCRA and provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under CERCLA.
BT Human Health Risk
RT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
RT Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
RT Toxicological Profile
Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS) - Special type of document
prepared to support listings of hazardous constituents under Section 3001 of RCRA
and provide health related limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of
CERCLA.
BT Human Health Risk
RT Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
RT Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
RT Toxicological Profile
20
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Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
Health Effects Assessment (HEAS) - Special type of document that summarizes and
evaluates adverse health effects associated with a particular chemical.
BT Human Health Risk
RT Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
RT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
RT Toxicological Profile
Herbicides
use Pesticides
Households - A building that typically houses a family or a group of families. Households
are often sources of hazardous waste.
BT Municipalities
Human Health Risk - Includes health risks to individuals as well as the public at large. For
more general discussion of environmental risks use ecological risk.
BT Assessment
NT Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDS)
NT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
NT Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
NT Toxicological Profile
NT Worker Protection
Hyperfiltration
use Membrane Separation
Ignitability - Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is easily combustible or
flammable.
BT Analysis
RT Corrosivity
RT EP Toxlcity
RT Reactivity
Illegal Actions - Violation of a law or regulation.
BT Enforcement
Immobilization
use Stabilization/Solidification
21
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In-Situ
In-Situ - Treatment of contaminated soils applied without the excavation of the materials to be
treated.
BT Control Methods
Incineration - Controlled process that uses combustion to convert a waste to a less bulky,
less toxic material in an oxygenated environment.
BT Thermal Treatment
NT Boilers
NT Fluldlzed Bed Incineration
NT Industrial Kilns
NT Liquid Injection Incineration
NT Molten Salt Incineration
Incompatibility - Characteristics of two hazardous waste substances that when put
together cause combustion or any other potentially dangerous action.
BT Analysis
Indemnification - Securing against loss or damage.
BT Liability
Indian Lands - Land that is part of an Indian reservation.
BT Ecological Risk
Industrial Kilns - Vessels constructed of steel casings and lined with refractory brick in
which hazardous waste is burned as fuel. Includes cement, lime, aggregated, and
clay kilns.
BT Incineration
NT Rotary Kilns
Industry - Private generators of hazardous waste. Use for commercial.
BT Generators
NT Batteries
NT Construction
NT Electroplating
NT Mining
Infectious Wastes - Waste capable of producing an infectious disease, characterized by
the presence of a pathogen with sufficient virulence to cause illness.
BT Waste Types
22
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Information Sources
Information Sources - Sources of information pertaining to hazardous waste.
BT Management
NT Bibliographies
NT Case Studies
NT Databases
NT Directories
NT Inventories
NT Technology Transfer Documents
Injection Wells
use Underground Injection
Innovative Technologies
use Alternative Technologies
Inorganic Chemicals - Non-carbon chemical compounds.
BT Hazardous Substances
NT Acids
NT Asbestos
NT Metals
NT Solvents
RT Organic Chemicals
Inspection - Examination of a hazardous waste site, facility, or generator.
BT Monitoring
Insurance - Contract that guaranties protection, through compensation, from a loss or
damage.
BT Liability
NT Private Insurance
Interim Prohibition - Section 9003(g) of RCRA. Prohibits the installation of underground
storage tanks for storing hazardous substances unless certain requirements are met.
BT RCRA
23
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Interim Status
Interim Status - Status of hazardous waste disposal facility until a permit to operate the
facility under RCRA guidelines is granted or denied.
BT Regulation
RT Loss of Interim Status (LOIS)
RT Permits
RT RCRA
International - Includes items that discuss the United States and other nations together, or
items that solely discuss nations other than the United States.
BT Government
Inventories - Lists of particular items.
BT Information Sources
Lagoons
use Aerated Lagoons
Land Treatment - Means of waste management in which wastes are deposited and worked
into the soil where natural processes degrade and demobilize the hazardous
constituents within the soil.
BT Conventional Treatment
Landfills - Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in containers, or in bulk form,
covered with soils and left indefinitely.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Backfill
NT Capping
NT Open Landfills
RT Backfill
Lawsuits
use Litigation
Leachates - A liquid that results from water collecting contaminants as it trickles through
wastes, agricultural pesticides, or fertilizers.
BT Waste Types
24
-------
Leaching
Leaching - Process by which hazardous chemicals are dissolved or carried away by water
or moved into a lower layer of soil.
BT Migration
Legal Aspects - Legislation and resultant regulations, funds, enforcement procedures, and
liability related to hazardous waste enforcement.
NT Cooperative Agreements
NT Enforcement
NT Legislation
NT Liability
NT Regulations
Legislation - Laws, amendments, and particular funds created by the laws.
BT Legal Aspects
NT CERCLA
NT Clean Air Act
NT Clean Water Act
NT Funds
NT Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
NT OSHA
NT RCRA
NT Reauthorization
NT SARA
NT TSCA
RT Government
Liability - Economic responsibility for costs involved in cleanup of a site.
BT Legal Aspects
NT Claims
NT Cost Recovery
NT Indemnification
NT Insurance
NT Penalties
NT Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP)
NT Responsible Parties
RT Economic Impact
RT Mixed Funding
Liners - Materials used to prevent the migration of hazardous waste to the surrounding
environment.
BT Conventional Treatment
25
-------
Liquid Injection Incineration
Liquid Injection Incineration - Process which uses a series of atomizing devices to
introduce finely divided droplets of waste mixed with air into a refractory-lined
combustion chamber.
BT Incineration
Liquid Wastes - A waste of fluid form.
BT Waste Types
NT Slurry
Listed Hazardous Waste
use Hazardous Substance Lists
Litigation - Use for lawsuits.
BT Enforcement
NT Civil Judicial Action
NT Criminal Judicial Action
Local - Includes Government agencies, programs, laws, etc., below the State level such as
municipal or county.
BT Government
Location Standards
BT Regulations
RT Facility Standards
Loss Of Interim Status (LOIS) - The revocation of interim status of a hazardous waste
facility, caused by the inability of the facility to meet certain RCRA requirements.
BT Regulations
RT Interim Status
RT Permits
RT RCRA
LUST Trust Fund - The Fund created by Subtitle I of the HSWA for Federal response to
the problem of leaking underground storage tanks.
BT Funds
BT Subtitle I
26
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Management
Management - The supervision of programs, policies, regulations, etc., and the
tools used in such supervision.
NT Contractors
NT Contracts
NT Information Sources
NT Policy
NT Training
Manifest - Invoice of cargo of a shipment of hazardous waste. Regulations require every
shipment of hazardous waste to have a manifest with copies submitted to State and
regional offices.
BT Transportation
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) - Document(s) which delineate physical
properties, exposure limits, emergency procedures, etc., for specific hazardous
chemicals.
BT Community Awareness
RT Training
Materials Recovery - Reclamation of useful constituent fractions within a
waste material or the removal of contaminants from a waste source that allows it to
be reused.
BT Waste Minimization
RT Recycling
Mediation - The process of the settling of a dispute by a third party.
BT Enforcement
RT Negotiations
RT Settlements
Medical Waste - Includes all infectious waste, hazardous (including all low level
radioactive) waste, and any other types of waste that are generated from all types of
health care institutions.
BT Waste Types
Membrane Separation - Separation of solutes or contaminants from liquids through the
use of semipermeable membranes. The membranes selectively reject contaminants.
Includes ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration. A physical treatment process.
BT Physical Treatment
NT Electrodialysis
27
-------
Metals
Metals - Includes trace metals and heavy metals.
BT Inorganic Chemicals
Methodology - Procedures used, or the evaluation of procedures.
BT Assessment
NT Data
NT Design
NT Models
NT Quality Assurance
NT Sampling
RT Analysis
RT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
RT Monitoring
Migration - Uncontrolled movement of hazardous waste through the environment.
BT Monitoring
NT Leaching
Mining - An industry involved in the removal of ores, coal, etc. from under the surface of the
ground.
BT Industry
Mitre Model - Developed by Mitre Corporation in 1981. Calculates score for potential
Superfund sites. Those with high enough scores are placed on the National Priorities
List.
BT Models
BT National Priorities List
Mixed Funding - Monies from both Superfund and the responsible parties are used to pay
for cleanup at Superfund sites.
BT Superfund
RT Costs
RT Liability
Mobile Treatment - Modular equipment and the corresponding processes that can be
brought to a hazardous waste site and transported to a number of sites. Generally,
the equipment is smaller than conventional equipment used in permanent structures.
BT Alternative Technologies
28
-------
Models
Models - An investigative tool using a mathematical or physical representation of a system or
theory that accounts for all or some of its known properties.
BT Methodology
NT Mitre Model
Molten Salt Incineration - A form of incineration of waste material that takes place
beneath a bed of molten salt.
BT Incineration
Monitoring - Periodic or continuous review of a program, facility, or the environment.
BT Assessment
NT Inspection
NT Migration
NT Sensing Techniques
RT Analysis
RT Methodology
Municipalities - Townships or cities. Actions taken by the municipality may lead to the
proliferation of hazardous waste.
BT Generators
NT Households
NT Sewage
Mutagens - Any substance that can cause a change in genetic material.
BT Hazardous Substances
National Contingency Plan - Establishes basic Government procedures for coordinating
State and Federal response at Superfund sites. Use for National Oil and Hazardous
Substances Contingency Plan.
BT Superfund
National Priorities List - List of the most hazardous sites under the Superfund program.
BT Superfund
NT Mitre Model
Natural Resources - Land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, and other resources belonging
to, managed by, or held in trust by the United States.
BT Ecological Risk
NT Environmental Media
29
-------
Negotiations
Negotiations - The submitting and consideration of offers until an acceptable offer is made
and accepted.
BT Enforcement
RT Mediation
RT Settlements
Neutralization - Chemical treatment process in which the interaction of an acid or base
with another solution results in solution or mixture with a ph of between 5 and 9.
BT Chemical Treatment
Non-compliance - The act of not meeting up to the particular requirement of a regulation.
BT Regulations
RT Compliance
Notification - As required by Right-to-Know Provision, Title 3 of SARA, companies must
alert residents of the release of a hazardous substance.
BT Community Awareness
NT Confidentiality
Nuclear Waste
use Radioactivity
Ocean Dumping - Disposal of hazardous waste at sea, subject to the Marine Protection,
Research, and Sanctuaries Act.
BT Control Methods
Oceans - Bodies of salt water that cover approximately 3/4 of the surface of the earth.
BT Water
Off-Site - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous waste other than at the site of
its generation.
BT Sites
Oils - Non-specific term applied to several groups of organic mixtures. Includes petroleum oils
and lubricants.
BT Organic Compounds
30
-------
On-site
On-Site - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous waste on the property of the
generator of the hazardous waste.
BT Sites
Open Landfills - Any facility or site where hazardous waste is disposed of which is not a
sanitary landfill meeting the criteria promulgated under section 4004 of RCRA.
BT Landfills
Organic Chemicals - Chemical compounds of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, carbolic acid, metallic carbides, metallic carbonates, and ammonium
carbonate. Includes VOC, 'Volatile organic compounds."
BT Hazardous Substances
NT Acids
NT Dioxins
NT Fuels
NT Oils
NT Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
NT Solvents
RT Inorganic Chemicals
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Act.
BT Legislation
Penalties - Includes both civil and criminal penalties.
BT Liability
Permits - Compliance of a hazardous waste facility with requirements of RCRA.
BT Regulations
RT Loss of Interim Status (LOIS)
RT Interim Status
Pesticides - Chemical agents used to kill both plant and animal life that are seen as threats
to agricultural productivity. Includes herbicides.
BT Hazardous Substances
Petroleum
use Fuels
31
-------
Phase Separation
Phase Separation - Physical treatment process used to separate solid/liquid or liquid/liquid
suspension with different specific gravities.
BT Physical Treatment
NT Centrificatlon
Phenol - Carbolic acid.
BT Acids
BT Carcinogens
Physical Treatment - Processes that separate waste streams by either applying physical
forces or changing the physical form of the waste. In either case, the chemical
structure of the waste stays the same.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Adsorption
NT Air Stripping
NT Evaporation
NT Excavation
NT Extraction
NT Filtration
NT Membrane Separation
NT Phase Separation
NT Slurry Trenching
NT Steam Stripping
Policy - The general principles by which the Government is guided in its management of
public affairs. May also include the intended audience of the policy.
BT Management
NT Directives
NT Guidance
NT Regions
Pollution Fund
use 311 (K) Fund
Polychlorinated BiphenylS (PCB) - Any of several organic compounds used in plastics
manufacturing or transformers that are toxic and persistent environmental pollutants.
BT Carcinogens
BT Organic Chemicals
32
-------
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
use Carcinogens
Polymerization - Process which uses catalysts to convert a lower order polymer of a
particular compound to a larger order chemical multiple with different properties for
in-place stabilization/solidification.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
Post-Closure Liability Fund - Originally authorized by CERCLA to pay cost of
monitoring and maintenance of hazardous waste sites. Repealed by SARA.
BT CERCLA
BT Funds
BT SARA
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP) - Parties identified by EPA which may be
responsible for the hazardous waste at an uncontrolled hazardous waste site.
BT Liability
RT Responsible Parties
Pozzolanic Process - Method of solidification/stabilization in which waste is mixed with
fine grained siliceous materials such as fly ash or cement kiln dust to produce a
solid.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
Pre-Remedial - In the cleanup of a Superfund site the stage prior to the implementation of
the selected remedy.
BT Cleanup
Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents
use Appendix VIII Constituents
Private Insurance - Any insurance not provided by a government entity.
BT Insurance
Public Health
use Human Health Risk
33
-------
Pyrolysis
PyrolysiS - Thermal decomposition of hazardous materials in an oxygen deficient
atmosphere.
BT Thermal Treatment
Quality Assurance - A system of procedures, checks, audits, and corrective actions used
to ensure that field work and laboratory analysis during the investigation and cleanup
of Stiperfund sites meet established standards.
BT Methodology
Radioactivity - Emission of alpha, beta, or gamma rays either naturally or as the result of
human manipulation. Use for nuclear.
BT Energy
RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
BT Legislation
NT Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
NT Interim Prohibition
NT Subtitle C
NT Subtitle D
NT Subtitle I
RT Interim Status
RT Loss of Interim Status (LOIS)
RCRA Amendments
use Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
Reactivity - Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is unstable and rapidly undergoes
a chemical reaction with other materials.
BT Analysis
RT Corrosivity
RT EP Toxicity
RT Ignltability
Reauthorization - The reapproval of a specific piece of legislation or program. Includes the
debate and discussion of the issues associated with the reauthorization.
BT Legislation
NT SARA
RT Superfund
34
-------
Record of Decision (ROD)
Record Of Decision (ROD) - Compiled for each site on the National Priorities List.
Delineates contamination, cleanup, and liability issues for each site.
BT Super-fund
RT Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
Recordkeeping Requirements - Those requirements set forth in the Code of Federal
Regulations for the transportation, collection, and disposal of hazardous waste.
BT Regulations
RT Reporting Requirements
Recycling - The use or reuse of a waste as an effective substitute for a commercial product
or as an ingredient of feedstock in an industrial process.
BT Waste Minimization
RT Materials Recovery
Region 1 - Includes States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, and Connecticut.
BT Regions
Region 2 - Includes States of New York and New Jersey; Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands.
BT Regions
Region 3 - Includes States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia;
and the District of Columbia.
BT Regions
Region 4 - Includes States of Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi.
BT Regions
Region 5 - Includes States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio.
BT Regions
35
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Region 6
Region 6 - Includes States of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana.
BT Regions
Region 7 - Includes States of Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri.
BT Regions
Region 8 - Includes States of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, and
Colorado.
BT Regions
Region 9 - Includes States of California, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii; and Guam.
BT Regions
Region 10 - Includes States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska.
BT Regions
Regions - EPA administrative units.
BT Policy
NT Region 1
NT Region 2
NT Region 3
NT Region 4
NT Region 5
NT Region 6
NT Region 7
NT Region 8
NT Region 9
NT Region 10
Regulations - Rules or orders issued by governmental departments to carry out the intent of
the law. Use for standards.
BT Legal Aspects
NT Alternative Concentration Limits (ACL)
NT California List
NT Compliance
NT Exemptions
NT Facility Standards
NT Financial Responsibility Requirements
NT Hazardous Substance Lists
(continued on p. 37)
36
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Regulations
Regulations - continued
NT Interim Status
NT Location Standards
NT Loss of Interim Status (LOIS)
NT Non-compliance
NT Permits
NT Recordkeeping Requirements
NT Reporting Requirements
RT Government
Releases - The unintentional spill or emission of hazardous materials into the environment.
BT Emergency Response
NT Fires
Remedial Actions - Those solutions either proposed or actually undertaken for the
permanent cleanup at a Superfund site. Use for Remedial Designs, Remedial
Response.
BT Cleanup
BT Remedy Selection
NT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
RT Removal Actions
Remedial Designs
use Remedial Actions
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) - TWO studies conducted at ail
National Priority List sites. Rl determines the type and extent of contamination. FS
evaluates the cleanup alternatives.
BT Cleanup
BT Remedy Selection
RT Record of Decision (ROD)
Remedial Response
use Remedial Actions
37
-------
Remedy Selection
Remedy Selection - Process by which a methodology is chosen for the cleanup of a
Superfund site. The selection process represents the best balance between the
effectiveness, implementation, and cost factors examined in the Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility Study process.
BT Cleanup
NT Remedial Actions
NT Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
NT Removal Actions
Removal Actions - Cleanup actions at Superfund sites which may not be permanent in
nature.
BT Cleanup
BT Emergency Response
BT Remedy Selection
RT Remedial Actions
Reporting Requirements - Certain requirements for the reporting of a spill or
unintentional release of hazardous waste into the environment.
BT Regulations
RT Recordkeeping Requirements
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
use RCRA
Resource Recovery
use Materials Recovery
Responsible Parties - Parties identified by EPA that are responsible for hazardous wastes
at a controlled hazardous waste site. Such parties are liable for costs incurred by the
Government for removal or immediate action, etc.
BT Liability
RT Cost Recovery
RT Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP)
Restoration - Process of returning a damaged environment to its pre-damaged state,
excludes Superfund program. Use for non Superfund program cleanup.
BT Ecological Risk
RT Cleanup
38
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Retro-fit
Retro-fit - The addition of a new item, modification or removal of an existing item of
equipment beyond that of regular maintenance.
BT Equipment
Right-tO-Know - Title III of SARA, "Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
of 1986." Establishes: (1) regulatory program that requires the disclosure of
information about the danger of hazardous chemicals to the public; and
(2) emergency response plans in case of endangerment from a hazardous chemical
or substance.
BT SARA
RT Community Awareness
RT Emergency Preparedness
Rotary Kilns - Kilns in which the combustion of the waste is enhanced through the rotation
of the kiln on its axis.
BT Industrial Kilns
Sampling - A statistical method in which a subset of a group is used for testing or analysis.
BT Methodology
SARA - Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
BT Legislation
BT Reauthorization
NT Rlght-to-Know
NT Post Closure Liability Fund
RT CERCLA
Section 3008(H) - Part of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments. Allows the EPA to
take enforcement action to require corrective action or other responses necessary to
protect human life whenever there has been a hazardous release in the
environment.
BT Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
RT Enforcement
Sensing Techniques - Specific means by which monitoring of the environment is
accomplished.
BT Monitoring
NT Bloassay
39
-------
Settlements
Settlements - An agreement between two parties relating to hazardous waste regulatory
enforcement.
BT Enforcement
NT De Minlmls
RT Cost Recovery
RT Mediation
RT Negotiations
Sewage - Waste matter, including human body wastes, carried within sewers or drains.
BT Municipalities
Sites - The land or water area or facility where hazardous waste is either generated, stored,
or treated, including adjacent land used in conjunction with such activities.
BT Generators
NT Abandoned Sites
NT Off-Site
NT On-Stte
NT Uncontrolled Sites
Sludge - The concentration of solids removed from sewage during wastewater treatment.
BT Solid Wastes
Slurry - A watery mixture of insoluble matter that results from some pollution control
techniques.
BT Liquid Wastes
Slurry Trenching - A subsurface cut-off or wall of low permeability placed near a polluting
waste source in order to capture or contain resulting contamination.
BT Physical Treatment
Slurry Walls
use Slurry Trenching
Small Quantity Generators - Businesses that produce less than 1,000 kilograms or
2,200 pounds of hazardous waste in a month.
BT Generators
40
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Soil
Soil - The surface layer of the earth.
BT Environmental Media
NT Aquifer
Soil Washing/Soil Flushing - Physical treatment process which extracts contaminants
from a sludge-soil matrix using a liquid medium process. An extraction process
specifically for soils.
BT Extraction
Solid Wastes - Non-liquid, non-soluble materials, ranging from municipal garbage to
industrial wastes that contain complex, and sometimes hazardous substances.
BT Waste Types
NT Dusts
NT Sludge
Solvent Extraction
use Extraction
Solvents - A substance that dissolves other materials, reducing them to molecular or ionic
form.
BT Inorganic Chemicals
BT Organic Chemicals
Sorption - Method of solidification/stabilization in which hazard contaminants are bound up
in pozzolan type matrices through either physical or chemical sorption.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
Source Reduction - The reduction or elimination of waste generated at the source, usually
through an external process. Source reduction implies any action that reduces the
amount from a process.
BT Waste Minimization
Sources
use Generators
41
-------
Spills
Spills
use Releases
Stabilization Ponds - A large shallow basin for purifying industrial wastes which
encourages the growth of bacteria and algae in converting organic materials to
nontoxic organic substances.
BT Biological Treatment
Stabilization/Solidification - Treatment to improve the structural stability and reduce the
migration of waste. Often involves the conversion of a liquid waste to a solid waste.
An alternative technology. Includes related equipment. Use for immobilization or
fixation.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Cementing
NT Polymerization
NT Pozzolanic Process
NT Sorption
Standards
use Regulations
State - Includes interstate as well as intrastate items.
BT Government
Steam Stripping - Physical treatment process in which hazardous organic constituents
are removed by volatilization through the dual process of heating wastewater to its
boiling point and then forcing the resulting steam through the water.
BT Physical Treatment
Storage - The placement of non-treated hazardous waste at facilities or sites.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Containers
Storage Tanks - Stationary devices constructed primarily of non-earthen materials designed
to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste.
BT Containers
NT Corrosion
NT Underground Storage Tanks
42
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Subtitle C
Subtitle C - Part of RCRA. Concerns the management of hazardous waste.
BT RCRA
Subtitle D - Part of RCRA. Establishes a framework for coordinating Federal, State, and
local government in the management of non-hazardous solid waste.
BT RCRA
Subtitle I - Part of RCRA. Concerns the regulations of Underground Storage Tanks.
BT RCRA
NT LUST Trust Fund
Supercritical Extraction - Extraction process which is more efficient than traditional
extraction. Within this process wastes are subjected to extremely high temperatures
and pressures, thereby altering their solvent properties.
BT Extraction
Supercritical Water Oxidation - Process in which air and aqueous wastes are mixed at
a temperature and pressure above the critical point of water. The process results in
the oxidation of organic wastes to carbon monoxide and water.
BT Wet Oxidation
Super fund - Created by CERCLA, the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act. Includes Hazardous Waste Trust Fund, popularly
known as Superfund, and the programs developed for cleaning up the worst existing
hazardous waste sites.
BT Reauthorization
NT CERCLIS
NT Cleanup
NT Mixed Funding
NT National Contingency Plan
NT National Priorities List
NT Record of Decision (ROD)
NT Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
NT Superfund Study
NT Treatabillty Study
RT CERCLA
RT Funds
43
-------
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) - TWO programs to
accelerate development and use of new alternative technologies for cleanup at
Superfund sites.
BT Superfund
RT Alternative Technologies
Superfund Study - Includes reports on or audits of the Superfund program, tracked by the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
BT Superfund
Surface Impoundments - Facility or part of a facility that can be a natural topographic
depression, man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily of earthen
materials. The impoundment may be lined with man-made materials, designed to
hold hazardous waste.
BT Conventional Treatment
Surface Water - All water naturally open to the atmosphere and all springs, wells, or other
collectors that are directly influenced by surface water.
BT Water
Taxes - Means of raising money for various funds.
BT Economic Assessment
RT Funds
Technology Transfer Documents - A set of key documents, identified by EPA's Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response for the exchange of information on
hazardous waste both within and outside EPA. Use for A List, B List, or C List.
BT Information Sources
Testing
use Analysis
Thermal Destruction
use Thermal Treatment
44
-------
Thermal Treatment
Thermal Treatment - Alternative technology through which high temperature is used as
the principal means of destroying or detoxifying hazardous waste. Includes related
equipment.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Incineration
NT Pyrolysis
NT Wet Oxidation
Title III
use Rlght-to-Know
Toxic Substances
use Hazardous Substances
Toxicological Profile - Characterizes the lexicological and health effects information for a
particular hazardous substance. Prepared by the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry.
BT Human Health Risk
RT Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
RT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
RT Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
Training - Includes the teaching or implementation of procedures for safe handling of
hazardous waste materials.
BT Management
RT Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
RT Worker Protection
Transportation - The intentional movement of hazardous waste by any mode, including a
pipeline. Use for transportation by a common or contract carrier, including stoppage
in transit. For the unintentional movement of hazardous waste, use migration.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Manifest
Treatability Study - A report from the Superfund Treatability Clearinghouse outlining the
hazardous waste remediation activities undertaken at a hazardous waste site by a
contractor.
BT Superfund
RT Cleanup
RT Contractors
45
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Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSD)
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility (TSD) - Site where a hazardous
substance is treated, stored, or disposed.
BT Control Methods
TSCA - Toxic Substance Control Act.
BT Legislation
Uncontrolled Sites - Sources of hazardous waste where the contamination is increasing
or migrating. No removal procedures or remedial actions have been undertaken.
BT Sites
Underground Injection - The disposal of liquid hazardous waste in deep wells drilled in
land formations which ideally have no resource value and are non-permeable. Use
for injection wells.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Capping
Underground Storage Tanks - Stationary devices, often constructed of non-earthen
materials, designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste. Tanks are
typically used to store petroleum related products.
BT Storage Tanks
Utilities - Companies engaged in the provision of electric power, gas, water, and other
services to the general public.
BT Energy
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
use Organic Chemicals
Waste Minimization - The reduction, to the fullest extent feasible, of hazardous waste that
is generated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of.
BT Control Methods
NT Materials Recovery
NT Recycling
NT Source Reduction
RT Alternative Technologies
RT Conventional Treatment
46
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Waste Reduction
Waste Reduction
use Waste Minimization
Waste Types - Any solid, liquid or gaseous material, no longer used, that is either listed as
hazardous under RCRA regulations or can be identified as hazardous by the
characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or EP toxicity.
NT Emissions
NT Infectious Wastes
NT Leachates
NT Liquid Wastes
NT Medical Waste
NT Solid Wastes
RT Hazardous Substances
RT Generators
Water - Liquid composed of hydrogen and oxygen that occurs on earth as rivers, lakes, and
oceans.
BT Environmental Media
NT Drinking Water
NT Groundwater
NT Oceans
NT Surface Water
Wet Oxidation - Thermal treatment of hazardous waste in which organic materials are
broken down through the use of elevated temperatures and pressures in a water
solution or suspension.
BT Thermal Treatment
NT Supercritical Water Oxidation
Worker Protection - Includes the risks encountered in the workplace. For procedures
concerning the safe handling of hazardous waste, see Training.
BT Human Health Risk
RT Training
311(K) Fund - Funds from Clean Water Act used to respond to hazardous substance
discharge on interim basis before reauthorization of Superfund. Use for Pollution
Fund.
BT Clean Water Act
BT Funds
47
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LIST OF CORPORATE SOURCES AND THEIR ACRONYMS
Listed below are the names of Government agencies, EPA Program Offices, and
other organizations that have produced documents which are included in the Hazardous
Waste Superfund Collection and Database. The acronyms listed below can be used as
search terms to retrieve items produced by individual agencies.
AEERL
ASRL
ATSDR
C&SD/OW
CAD/OSW
CBO
CDC
CEC
CEPP
CERI
CERLCOR
CRS
DOD
DOE
DOI
DOJ
DOT
EAD
ECAO
ECAOCIN
ECAORTP
EERF
AIR AND ENERGY ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (EPA)
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH LAB (EPA)
AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY (EPA)
CRITERIA AND STANDARDS DIVISION/ OFFICE OF WATER (EPA)
CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT DIVISION/OFFICE OF SOLID
WASTE (EPA)
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
CHEMICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (EPA)
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH & INFORMATION (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, CORVALLIS, OR (EPA)
CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DIVISION (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE, RESEARCH
TRIANGLE PARK, NC (EPA)
EASTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FACILITY, MONTGOMERY, AL
(EPA)
48
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EMSLCIN
EMSLLV
EMSLRTP
EOP
EPA
EPAHQLIB
EPRB
ERD/OERR
ERL
ERLATHENS
ERLDULUTH
ERLGULF
ERLKERR
ESED
ESLLV
FEMA
GAO
GLNPO
GLWQB
GWPP
HERLCIN
HERLRTP
HIWD/OSW
HRSD/OERR
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LAB,
CINCINNATI, OH (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LAB, LAS VEGAS, NV
(EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LAB, RESEARCH TRIANGLE
PARK, NC (EPA)
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, HEADQUARTERS LIBRARY
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE BRANCH, OFFICE OF
EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE (EPA)
EMERGENCY RESPONSE DIVISION/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND
REMEDIAL RESPONSE (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, ATHENS, GA (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, DULUTH, MN (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GULF BREEZE, FL (EPA)
ROBERT S. KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB, ADA, OK (EPA)
EMISSIONS STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING DIVISION (EPA)
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LABORATORY, LAS VEGAS, NV (EPA)
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING OFFICE
GREAT LAKES NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE (EPA)
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY BOARD
GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM (EPA)
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LABORATORY, CINCINNATI, OH (EPA)
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LAB, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC
(EPA)
HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE DIVISION/ OFFICE OF
SOLID WASTE (EPA)
HAZARDOUS RESPONSE SUPPORT DIVISION/ OFFICE OF EMERGENCY
AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE (EPA)
49
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HSCD/OERR
HSE OF REP
HSED/OERR
HWERL
HWGWTF
IAEA
IERL
IMSD
MDSD/OW
MERL
NEA
NEIC
NIOSH
NRC
NRT
OAE
OAQPS
ODW
OEA
OECD
OECM
OEMI
OER
OERR
OGC
OGWP
OHEA
HAZARDOUS SITE CONTROL DIVISION/ OFFICE OF EMERGENCY
AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE (EPA)
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
HAZARDOUS SITE EVALUATION DIVISION/OERR (EPA)
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB, CINCINNATI, OH
(EPA)
HAZARDOUS WASTE GROUND WATER TASK FORCE (EPA)
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY ASSOCIATION
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB (EPA)
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES DIVISION (EPA)
MONITORING AND DATA SUPPORT DIVISION/ OFFICE OF WATER (EPA)
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY (EPA)
NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER (EPA)
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
NATIONAL RESPONSE TEAM (EPA)
OFFICE OF ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION (EPA)
OFFICE OF AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS (EPA)
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER (EPA)
OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS (EPA)
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING (EPA)
OFFICE OF ENERGY, MINERALS, AND INDUSTRY (EPA)
OFFICE OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH (EPA)
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE (EPA)
OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL (EPA)
OFFICE OF GROUND-WATER PROTECTION (EPA)
OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EPA)
50
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OHMS/OERR
OIG
OIRM
OLEC
OPA
OPE
OPM/OERR
OPMT/OSWER
OPP
OPPE
OPRM
OPTS
ORD
ORNAL
OSBO
OSMCD
OSW
OSWER
OSWMP
OTA
OTS
OUST
OW
OWEP
OWPE/OSWER
OWRS/OW
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL BRANCH/ OFFICE OF
EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE (EPA)
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL (EPA)
OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (EPA)
OFFICE OF LEGAL AND ENFORCEMENT COUNSEL
OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS (EPA)
OFFICE OF PLANNING AND EVALUATION (EPA)
OFFICE OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND
REMEDIAL RESPONSE (EPA)
OFFICE OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, OFFICE OF
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EPA)
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS (EPA)
OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING AND EVALUATION (EPA)
OFFICE OF POLICY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (EPA)
OFFICE OF PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES (EPA)
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (EPA)
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (EPA)
OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS OMBUDSMAN (EPA)
OIL AND SPECIAL MATERIALS CONTROL DIVISION (EPA)
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE (EPA)
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EPA)
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS (EPA)
OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES (EPA)
OFFICE OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (EPA)
OFFICE OF WATER (EPA)
OFFICE OF WATER ENFORCEMENT PERMITS (EPA)
OFFICE OF WASTE PROGRAMS ENFORCEMENT/ OFFICE OF SOLID
WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EPA)
OFFICE OF WATER REGULATION AND STANDARDS/ OFFICE OF WATER
(EPA)
51
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OWWM
PAS/OERR
PSPD/OSW
REG.1
REG.2
REG.3
REG.4
REG.5
REG.6
REG.7
REG.8
REG.9
REG.10
RREL
SAB
SENATE
SMB/OSW
SPB/OSW
TRDB
TREASURY
USAF
USGS
WERL
WIB/OSW
WMED/OSW
OFFICE OF WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT (EPA)
POLICY ANALYSIS STAFF/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL
RESPONSE (EPA)
PERMITS AND STATE PROGRAM DIVISION/OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
(EPA)
REGION 1, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 2
REGION 3
REGION 4
REGION 5
REGION 6
REGION 7
REGION 8
REGION 9
REGION 10
RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LAB, CINCINNATI, OH (EPA)
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD (EPA)
U.S. SENATE
STUDIES AND METHODS BRANCH/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE (EPA)
STATE PROGRAMS BRANCH/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE (EPA)
TEST RULES DEVELOPMENT BRANCH (EPA)
U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT
U.S. AIR FORCE
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (EPA)
WASTE IDENTIFICATION BRANCH/OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE (EPA)
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS DIVISION/ OFFICE OF SOLID
WASTE (EPA)
52
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