Digest of Selected
              Local Solid Waste
        Management Ordinances
This publication (SW-38c)  was written  for  the Federal
          solid waste management  program by
MEL D. POWELL, BRUCE P.  FIEDELMAN, and MYONG J. ROE,
National Association of  Counties  Research  Foundation
            under Contract No.  CPE 69-114
        U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                        1972

   u.' aaiu by the Superintendent o! Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.U. 20402 - Price $1 .";

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGLwCJf

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                                    FOREWORD







     Included in this document are digests of 100 city and county  solid waste




management ordinances prepared by the National Association of Counties Research




Foundation (NACORF) on contract to this Office.  The ordinances were  culled




from a collection of 650, some of which were already in  the files  of  the




National Association of Counties and the National League of Cities, and some




of which were acquired through a broadside request to local governments.




NACORF developed the standard outline form used in the digests, chose the




ordinances for digesting, and wrote the Introduction, which gives  a valuable




discussion of criteria for a solid waste management ordinance, all of which




are published here without charge.




     The last sentence of the Introduction (p xi)--'These ordinances are




examples, not models''--needs re-emphasis.  Local solid waste ordinances,  the




country over, leave much to be desired.  As pointed out  in the Introduction,




they are ''fragmented and negative.''  They tend to view the solid waste




management responsibilities of local governments in restricted terms; the




terminology and functions show inconsistencies; and the  controls are  in-




adequate, as is the range of solid waste services performed.




     In this respect, the NACORF experience is instructive.  NACORF had diffi-




culty in obtaining as many as 650 ordinances to work from, and from this stock




of ordinances found it barely possible to select 100 for useful digesting.




While the ten regions (in which the U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency




divides the United States for working purposes) are represented in the 100




digests, three States (California with 17, Florida with  9, and Oregon with




7) are perhaps over-represented.  Communities in these States were apparently




more responsive to the requests from NACORF.

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     The digested ordinances are useful examples of how cities and counties

have legislated in the past.  It would be still more useful for States and

communities to have a model solid waste management ordinance as a guide to

current efforts.  Such a model is being developed in the Office, making use

of the best of concepts in the present volume and the knowledge of city,

county and State attorneys, legislators, and operating officials.
                                      --SAMUEL HALE, JR.
                                        Deputy Assistant Administrator
                                          for Solid Waste Management

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               Basic Elements of Solid Waste Management Ordinances




           DIGEST OF SELECTED LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ORDINANCES







     Recent decades have witnessed a population explosion and a phenomenal




growth of urban areas.  Changes in population size and character, and a spec-




tacular rate of urbanization, have had profound effects on the volume and




nature of solid wastes generated.




     Over 3.5 billion tons of solid wastes are estimated to be generated in the




United States each year.  An average of 5.3 pounds of waste is collected from




each person in the United States, and it is estimated that by 1980, per capita




waste collection will grow to 8 pounds per day.  The effort expended for




managing these wastes is considerable, with an estimated expenditure of 4.5




billion dollars per year to collect, transport, and dispose of household,




municipal, commercial, and industrial wastes.




     Primary responsibility for solid waste collection, processing and disposal




rests with local levels of government.  However, very few communities have




implemented effective solid waste management programs.  Municipal, town, or




county government officials must provide the needed leadership to effect a




solid waste management program in their communities.




     A most effective approach to securing the implementation of a needed solid




waste management program is to make adequate provision for it in ordinances,




codes, or regulations.




     The SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT OF 1965 (P.L. 89-272) represents the culmi-




nation of federal efforts in maintaining and improving the health of our Nation




and the beauty of the environment in which we live.  In accordance with the




Act the federal government assists State and local governments, and others




involved in solid waste management, by researching and demonstrating new tech-




nology, by providing technical assistance and training, and through encouraging

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proper planning for State and local solid wa.ste management programs.  Since

the passage of the Solid Waste Disposal Act,  several States have enacted

solid waste statutes.   One major shortcoming  of most existing State statutes

is their fragmentation.  Too often, aspects of storage, transportation, and

disposal are treated under various legislative headings rather than being

coordinated in one.  Furthermore, authority is often delegated to several

State agencies with no clear indication of their parameters of responsibility.

     Most existing local solid waste management ordinances are similar to

State law; that is, they are fragmented and negative, and lacking in proper

definition of solid wastes.  An effective ordinance should be conceptual

in scope and should direct the responsible local agency to work with the

responsible State agency in preparing procedures, standards, and regulations

concerning solid waste management.


                 ELEMENTS OF A SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE

     The administrative and enforcement provisions of a solid waste management

ordinance embrace the following main features:

     -   Declaration of policy;

     —   Definitions;

     —   Administrative agency — organization
         functions and powers;

     -   Standards and regulations; and

     -   Enforcement.


Declaration of Policy

     The purpose of a declaration of policy is to guide the courts and administrators

in interpreting and applying the provisions of the law.  A declaration of

policy, if properly framed, is helpful in promoting  support for the law,

and establishing the scope and purpose of the  legislation.  In drafting


                                    vi

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a declaration of policy, every effort  should be made to make it broad enough




to fully present the basic policy elements underlying the ordinance and to




avoid any language which would restrict the application of substantive provisions




of the legislation.






Definitions




     A definition section is an integral part of a comprehensive solid waste




management ordinance.  This section is important to the interpretation and




administration of the ordinance.   Vague or unduly restrictive definitions




should be avoided.




     A solid waste management ordinance should include broad, carefully worded




definitions, which are important to clarify the meaning of terms that  are




not self-explanatory, and to adopt short terms that may be used in the body




of the ordinance to save language.




     The cornerstone of any solid waste management ordinance is a working




definition of ''solid wastes.''  This definition should be broad enough to




cover garbage, refuse, and other discarded solid materials, including solid




waste materials resulting from industrial, commercial, and agricultural  activities.




The definition should not include solids or dissolved material in domestic




sewage or other water pollutants.






Administration




     Responsible Agency




     One of the first decisions which must be made by any local community




in regard to solid waste management is the authorization of a responsible




agency. Some communities choose a single agency to be the administrative




agency while others have the responsibility distributed among several agencies.
                                   vix

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If it is a single agency, it is usually the public works department or the

health department.  If several departments are involved, It is usually these

two combined.  In some communities other individuals or agencies play minor

roles.

     There are advantages and disadvantages to-having a separate department.

The advantages include a separate budget, more visibility to the public and

governing body, total attention devoted to the problem, no sharing of equipment

and personnel8 direct responsibility to the elected governing board, and

higher priority status.  The disadvantages include further fragmentation

of local  government, lack of coordination with related programs and duplication

of certain types of personnel (e.g., budget, research, accounting).

     In most communities, final responsibility rests with a single agency.

This allows for much better coordination of all aspects of the solid waste

program, but the primary responsibility should rest with the responsible

agency. From a practical standpoint, concentrating authority in a single

agency focuses  responsibility.


Functions and Powers

     The responsible agency can have a great variety of functions.  Among

the most common and most important of these are:

     —   Prepare all necessary plans for a public system or approve and
         regulate a privately operated solid waste system.

     —   Adopt, issue, amend, revoke and enforce rules and standards.

     —   Issue, renew and revoke permits.

     -   Issue warning notices and initiate proceedings after violations.

     -   Require submission of detailed plans and specifications for
         approval orior  to the issuance of a permit.

     —   Inspect all aspects of the solid waste management system.
                                  viii

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Legal Authority of Agency to Act




     Before any action can be taken  by the responsible agency, care must




be taken to be sure that the agency has the authority to take such action.




State enabling legislation must be carefully studied to see if local government




can legally provide these services.  If the local community has the authority,




any State standards or regulations to which the local law must conform must




be checked.




     When the ordinance is written, care must be taken not to give the responsible




agency unlimited discretion which may make the law invalid due to unconstitutional




delegation of legislative powers, or invalid due to unlimited discretion




with no guidelines.






Advisory Committee




     Few communities have, at the present time, advisory committees on solid




waste, but the establishment of such a committee is considered desirable.




The main function of such a committee should be the making of recommendations




to the responsible agency and the legislative body in the field of solid




waste management.




     It should be made clear that recommendations of the advisory committee




are advisory only and not binding on the responsible agency or the legislative




body.  The agency should have full authority and responsibility for making




decisions so that the committee's existence will neither weaken the authority




of the agency nor give that body an opportunity to 'shift responsibility to



the advisory committee.






Standards and Regulations




     The ordinance for solid waste management should be conceptual in scope,




flexible in methods, and positive in direction.  The ordinance should incorporate





                                    ix

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the minimum State standards.  It should provide for more stringent standards




if these are more appropriate for solving local problems.




     The technology of handling refuse is changing rapidly, and methods provided




for in the ordinance may soon become obsolete and prove costly in light of newer




developments.  Therefore, writing specific rules and regulations into the ordinance




is not recommended.




     Rules and regulations should cover all the essential elements pertaining




to solid waste management, including collection, storage, transportation, and




disposal. For example, solid wastes should be stored in a container which has




a tight-fitting cover, has suitable handles, and is water-tight and fly-proof.




Such containers should be kept tightly covered at all times and should be of




not less than thirty (30) gallons nor more than fifty-five (55) gallons in capacity




for households.




     The ordinance should prohibit various undesirable practices, such as open




burning and open dumps.  Scavenging and the feeding of garbage to hogs should




be carefully controlled to prevent interference with normal collection and disposal




operations.






Enforcement




     There are two basic areas of enforcement, those which prevent violations




and those which proceed against alleged violators.  In the first category are




included the requirements for permits which exist in most communities.  The




purpose of permits is to keep potential violators out of the solid waste system.




Most communities have inspection procedures which are used to spot potential




violations before they occur.




     Once violations have occurred, there are several possible types of action




that may be taken.  If the violator is a permit holder, -his permit may be suspended




or revoked, but such action cannot be taken without complying with all the rules



                                      x

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of administrative due process including notice and a hearing. All violators
are subject to the penalties specified in almost all ordinances.
     Many ordinances provide that appeals may be taken to the courts from
orders of the responsible agency.  Such appeals do not generally involve trial
''de novo'' but are primarily reviews of the leg'al propriety of the agency's
decision.  If the prescribed statutory procedure has been followed and the
determination is supported by substantial evidence, the order of the agency
will usually be affirmed by the court.  On the other hand, in a trial "de
novo'' the court is authorized to exercise its independent judgment on the
evidence and to make an independent determination of the reasonableness and
legality of action on all issues of law, facts, and mixed questions of law
and opinions therein involved.

Conclusion
     The digest of solid waste ordinances presented in the following pages
illustrates the various and divergent approaches which are followed by various
communities in dealing with solid waste management.
     The digest is divided into categories according to whether the ordinance
is from a city, county or is regional in scope.  Within each of these three
categories, the ordinances are divided according to their primary function
— e.g. collection, storage, disposal or comprehensive.
     The one hundred (100) ordinances included in the digest are designed
to give a cross section of ordinances being followed today in various areas
of the Nation.  They are not designed to be the one hundred best ordinances
available, although they surely rank among the better ones.
     Care should be taken not to assume that simply because an ordinance is
included in the digest it is good and may be adopted without changes.  Each
community has its own needs and resources, and each community has different
legal authority. These ordinances are examples, not models.
                                    xi

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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                          Page
INTRODUCTION




CITY ORDINANCES
Category
COLLECTION













STORAGE
DISPOSAL



COMPREHENSIVE

City
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
City
Name
Escoi
IngL
Los .
Nortl
Elmhi
Ann j
Dului
Kans,
Spar!
Ramaj
Oklal
Beav<
Dalli
Abinj
Tucsi
Bluf:
Chest
Iron<
Oklal
Fairl
Fremt
                                      Escondido,  California




                                      Inglewood,  California




                                      Los Angeles,  California




                                      North Miami Beach,  Florida




                                      Elmhurst,  Illinois




                                      Ann Arbor,  Michigan




                                      Duluth,  Minnesota




                                      Kansas City,  Missouri




                                      Sparks,  Nevada




                                      Ramapo,  New York




                                      Oklahoma City, Oklahoma




                                      Beaverton,  Oregon




                                      Dallas,  Oregon




                                      Abington,  Pennsylvania




                                      Tucson,  Arizona



                                      Bluffton,  Indiana




                                      Chesterfield  Township,  Michigan



                                      Irondequoit,  New  York




                                      Oklahoma City, Oklahoma




                                      Fairbanks,  Alaska




                                      Fremont, California
 1




 5




 9




12




16




19




22




26




30




33




37




40




44




47




50



54




58




61




64




69




72
                                      xiii

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22          Fresno, Calif.                        77




23          Sacramento, Calif.                    80




24          San Jose, Calif.                      82




25          Santa Rosa', Calif.                    85




26          Aurora, Colorado                      88




27          Boulder, Colorado                    91




28          Westport, Connecticut                96




29          Washington, D.  C.                    100




30          Clearwater, Florida                 105




31          Ft. Lauderdale, Florida             109




32          Jacksonville, Florida               113




33          Miami, Florida                      117




34          Miami Springs,  Florida              121




35          St. Petersburg, Florida            .125




36          Sarasota, Florida                    129




37          Grangeville, Idaho                  133




38          Idaho Falls, Idaho                  137




39          Moscow, Idaho                       140




40          Moline, Illinois                    143




41          Richmond, Indiana                   147




42          Bettendorf, Iowa                    150




43          Dubuque, Iowa                       156




44          Kansas City, Kansas                 159




45          Salina,  Kansas                     164




46          Wichita,  Kansas                     167




47          Louisville, Kentucky                170






               xiv

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COUNTY ORDINANCES
Category
COLLECTION
DISPOSAL




48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65

County
Number
66
67
68
69
70
71
Baton
Rockvi
Brookl
Detroi
Culber
Grand
ATbuqu-
Hyde P.
Red Ho<
Roches
Hamilti
Astori
Salem,
Memphi;
El Pas-
Logan i
Othelli
Green :

County
Name
Los An]
DuPage
Kane , '.
Madisoi
Wells ,
Jeffer;
  Brookline, Massachusetts
174




179




184




188




192




195




199




202




206




209




214




217




223




227




230




234




238




243
                                      248




                                      251




                                      255




                                      258




                                      262




                                      265
xv

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                    72          Anne Arundel,  Maryland              269




                    73          Washington,  Minnesota               273




                    74          St.  Louis, Missouri                 277




                    75          Douglas,  Nebraska                  280




                    76          Umatilla, Oregon                   283




COMPREHENSIVE       77          Madera, California                 286




                    78          Napa, California                   289




                    79          Sacramento,  California              293




                    80          San  Bernardino,  California         297




                    81          San  Diego,  California               301




                    82          San  Joaquin, California            305




                    83          Santa Barbara, California          310




                    84          Sonoma,  California                 314




                    85          Dade, Florida                      318




                    86          DeKalb,  Georgia                    322




                    87          Baltimore,  Maryland                 326




                    88          Montgomery, Maryland               331




                    89          Prince George's, Maryland          334




                    90          Kalamazoo,  Michigan                 338




                    91          Los  Alamos,  New Mexico              343




                    92          Iredell,  North Carolina            346




                    93          Mecklenburg, North Carolina        349




                    94          Marion,  Oregon                      352




                    95          Washington,  Oregon                 357




                    96          Allegheny,  Pennsylvania             360




                    97          Salt Lake,  Utah                   .  363






                               xvi

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                          98          Fairfax, Virginia                   366

                          99          Prince William,  Virginia            369

REGIONAL ORDINANCE

                        Region        Region
                        Number        Name

                         100          Central Savannah River              373
                                        Area, Georgia
                                    xvii

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                       ESCONDIDO,  CALIFORNIA


 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Ordinance No,  509 - October 20,  1954.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         This is an Ordinance regulating the keeping,  collection,  and
         disposal of garbage, trash,  and rubbish.

     2,   Definitions

         a.  Garbage - includes all animal  and  vegetable  refuse from kitchens
             of households,  restaurants, stores, markets,  warehouses
             and delivery vehicles, all household  waste which  has  been
             prepared for food, or shall have resulted from the preparation
             of food or table refuse  or offal,  and every  accumulation of
             animal, vegetable and other matter that  attends the prepara-
             tion,  consumption, decay,  dealing  in  or  storage of meats,
             fish,  fruits, or vegetables, and shall include all garbage
             which shall have resulted  from the sorting or the commercial
             preparation or processing  of food  or  food products by any
             food manufacturer or  distributor.   (Section  la)

         b.  Combustible Rubbish - includes all papers, rags,  discarded
             household bedding, excelsior or other packing materials,
             cartons, boxes  and containers  of wood or  fiber, sawdust, or
             shavings from lumber  yards, mills, factories  or shops,
             lumber scraps,  wood or wooden  articles,  grass, trees, plants,
             vines  and the prunings thereof.  Combustible  rubbish shall
             not include dirt, sweepings, plaster  or  other building
             materials, whether combustible or  noncombustible,  resulting
             from the repairing or demolishing  of  old  buildings or
             resulting from new construction.   (Section  1b)

         C.  Noncombustible  Rubbish - Includes  all refuse  matter not included
             within the term ''combustible  rubbish'' herein-before
             described, and  shall  include among other  things,  ashes
             weighing with container  not over fifty (50) pounds, bottles,
             broken glass, crockery,  earthenware,  tin  cans, tinware, wire,
             wire netting, and other  articles of discarded metal or stone
             of less than twenty (20) pounds  in weight each, automobile
             tires  and tubes, batteries, metal  kegs, barrels,  or casks,
             but shall not include dirt sweepings, rocks,  or stones  as
             such,  or bricks, plaster,  mortar,  or  other building materials,
             whether combustible or noncombustible, resulting  from the
             repairing or demolishing of old  buildings or  resulting  from
             new construction.  (Section 1e)

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III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agencies

          a.  Health Officer  (Section 5)
          b.  City Administrator (Section 8d)
          c.  City Council (Section 9)
                                               i«
      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  Health Officer

              (1)   To issue order prohibiting certain refuse burials; such
                    orders are final. (Section 5)

          b.  City Administrator

              (1)   To regulate method of conveyance of garbage and to approve  of
                    all vehicles used. (Section 6)
              (2)   To charge for and supervise  all  collection and removal.  (Section  8d)
              (3)   To cancel any charge for collection if he feels collection
                    not necessary.   (Section 12)

          c.  City Council

              (1)   To contract for disposal of garbage and rubbish.  It shall
                    not be required to accept lowest bid but may accept contractors
                    it feels are best qualified.  (Section 9)
              (2)   To terminate contract upon failures to conform to contract
                    or Ordinance after hearing.   (Section 9)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1o  Standards and Regulations

          a.  It is the duty of every person owning  or occupying a place of  residence
              to provide and keep in an easily accessible place a garbage
              collector.  It must be a water-tight metallic receptacle with
              suitable handles and a tight-fitting cover.  It shall have a
              capacity of between five and 20 gallons and a weight not to exceed
              50 pounds when filled.  (Section 2)

         ' b.  Garbage or garden refuse may be buried in the ground if covered by
              at least 12 inches of  soil in such  a manner as to prevent the
              escaping of odors and  at least 60  feet from any place of human
              habitation.  If the burial becomes  a nuisance or endangers public
              health, the health officer may prohibit it, and such an order  is
              final.  (Section 5)

          c.  When not actually collecting garbage,  all collection vehicles  shall
              be covered so as to prevent flies,  offensive odors or loss of
              garbage,  (Section 6)

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        d.  All garbage or rubbish gathered and collected by the contractor
            shall be destroyed or otherwise disposed of by said contractor in
            a manner satisfactory to the City Council.   (Section 7)

        e.  The maximum amount of garbage for a single  family residence or
            unit is 20 gallons; the maximum amount of combustible rubbish is
            100 pounds and noncombustible rubbish is 80 pounds.  No bundle
            or container shall weigh more than- 50 pounds.  Collection shall be
            at least twice a week.  (Section 8a)

        f.  For business establishments, collection shall be daily except
            Sunday and holidays.   The maximum amounts and weights are the same
            as for residences except there may be no more than 30 gallons of
            garbage.  (Section 8b)

        g.  In residential areas, no less than two (2)  nor more than four (4)
            days shall elapse between collections, and  they must be on the same
            days each week.  If collection day is on January 1, Memorial Day,
            July 4, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, or Christmas, collection may be
            made the preceding or succeeding day provided the intention to do
            so is published in collection schedules.  (Section 8c)

        h.  If any person desires to have more collections than are provided
            for, he may make a private contract with the contractor with
            payment directly to the contractor.  (Section 10)

        i.  For collection services of garbage and rubbish, there shall be
            charged such sums as  may be determined by the City Council. (Section 10)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful  to gather, collect, remove or disturb any
            garbage, combustible  or noncombustible rubbish from any receptacle
            or transport such materials without having  a contract with the
            City.  (Section 3)
        b.  It shall be unlawful  for any person to burn any garbage. (Section 4)
        c.  It shall be unlawful  to throw, place, or scatter any garbage, garden
            refuse, combustible or noncombustible rubbish upon or below the
            surface of any premise except as provided in IV. 1. b.  (Section 6)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1 *  Requirements for Permits

        City Council has power to let contracts for collection of garbage and
        rubbish.  Council may take the bidder it deems  best even if not the
        lowest bidder.  (Section  9)

    2.  Liability for Violators

        Any person violating any  provision of this Ordinance shall be
        deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

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3.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Health Officer may issue order prohibiting certain burials of
        garbage and such order is final. (Section 5)
    b.  If contractor fails to conform to the contract or this Ordinance,
        City Council mays at its option, and after a hearing, terminate
        the contract upon ten days notice and let out a new contract.
        (Section 9)

4.  Penalties

    Penalty shall be, upon conviction, a fine of not more than $200
    or imprisonment of not more than three months or both,  (Section 13)

5 „  Performance. Bonds

    City Council may set as a condition of granting the contract
    a performance bond in an amount to be determined by the Council.

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                       INGLEWOOD,  CALIFORNIA

 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Inglewood Municipal Code - Chapter 2  Refuse  Ordinance  No.  1893
     December 30,  1966,

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of  Policy

         An exclusive municipal system for the  collection of  all  refuse  is
         necessary for the presentation of the  public health, welfare
         and safety,  (Section 5201)

     2.   Definitions

         a.  Garbage - includes all animal and  vegetable  refuse from kitchens
             and household waste that  shall have  been prepared  for or
             intended to be used as food or shall have resulted from the
             preparation of food,  all  table refuse and every  accumulation
             of animal and vegetable refuse that  attends  the  preparation,
             consumption, decay, dealing in or  storage of meats,  fish,
             fruits or vegetables,  except  suet,  tallow, bones or  meat,
             trimmings that the owner  or producer thereof can sell for a
             price greater than his cost,  if any, of  transporting such
             suet, tallow, bones and meat  trimmings to the  point  of
             delivery.

         b.  Salvage - includes rubbish from which articles of  value or  material
             of value may be extracted, segregated, removed or  developed.

         C.  Refuse — includes combustible waste  material,  noncombustible waste
             material, garbage as  defined  in this chapter,  and  shall include
             waste material and rubbish of every  character  and  nature
             collected or accumulated  within the  City, except by-products
             salvage and junk, provided, however, that whenever,  at the
             election of the disposing person or  establishment,  the
             collection  and disposal of by-products,  salvage  or junk is
             by a  contract agent,  such shall be  construed as  refuse.
             Refuse shall also include all materials  where  the  cost of
             hauling the same to the point of delivery exceeds  the sales
             price.

         d.  Rubbish - includes waste  material  and refuse of  every character
             both  combustible and noncombustible  collected  or accumulated
             within the  City except garbage,  by-products, salvage or junk.
             Rubbish shall also include all material  except garbage, where
             the cost of hauling the same  to the  point of delivery exceeds
             the. sales price.

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          e.   Junk - includes  worn-out  and discarded material that  may be turned
              to some use but  shall not include rubbish,  by-products or
              salvage.

          f.   Approved Refuse  Container, Residential District - a commercially
              manufactured refuse container made of galvanized metal,
              heavy-duty plastic, or pressed fireboard,  of at least 20
              gallons capacity,  but not to exceed 40 gallons capacity, and
              equipped with an insect-proof cover.   Said cover shall not
              be attached to the container. An approved  refuse container
              shall be free from rough  edges or jagged surfaces which
              would be likely  to cause  injury to persons  lifting them. (Amend.
              Ordinance 1946,  Effective 4-4-68)

          g«   Wrapped Garbage  - includes garbage, food plant waste, and market
              refuse, that has been drained and securely wrapped in paper
              sacks, commercial paper or newspapers of sufficient thickness
              to prevent the refuse from being exposed to flies.

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Administrative Officer, Director of Public Works, Assistant Street
          Superintendent, and  the Sanitation Superintendent.  (Section 5200.15)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To supervise collection and removal of all refuse. (Section 5209)
          be   To make such rules as may be necessary, reasonable and proper.
              (Section 5210)
          c.   To approve schedule of collections.  (Section 5211 and 5214)
          d.   To designate special collection points.  (Section 5212)
          e.   To designate regular collection points.  (Section 5213)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.   General

              Every owner, tenant, occupant or person in care of premises
              shall keep his premises in a clean and sanitary condition.
              (Section 5203)

          b.   Storage

              (1)   Refuse shall be placed in approved receptacles wherever
                    practicable.  (Section 5206)
              (2)   All trimmings shall be placed for collection in:

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               (a)   bundles not exceeding four feet in length and two feet
                    in diameter, and not exceeding 60 pounds gross weight
               (b)   approved refuse container with gross weight not exceeding
                    60 pounds.
               (c)   cardboard box or other disposable container not exceeding
                    three cubic feet in capacity or 60 pounds gross weight
                    per container.

              All other refuse shall be placed in approved refuse containers
              or disposable containers, neither of which shall exceed 60
              pounds gross weight.  (Section 5215)

        (3)   Each place in city shall provide its own receptacles. (Section 5216)
        (4)   All refuse which accumulates shall be placed in approved
              receptacles. (Section 5217)
        (5)   All receptacles shall be kept in a safe and sanitary condition
              and shall be of such size, shape and weight as to be easily
              lifted into the collection vehicle.  (Section 5218)

    c.  Collection

        (1)   The city shall provide for collection at least once each week.
               (Section 5207 and 5214).
        (2)   The contract agent shall collect and remove all properly
              placed refuse.  (Section 5208)
        (3)   The following items shall not be collected:

               (a)   Ammunition, explosives or inflammables (should be
                    delivered to police or fire departments).
               (b)   Animal excreta (dispose by sewer or burying).
               (c)   Hot or dry ashes (must be damp).
               (d)   Dead animals (Call SPCA).

    d.  Disposal

        Burying shall only be done with permission of health
        officer and such refuse shall be immediately covered with
        earth. (Section 5202)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  No person shall place or permit to remain upon the surface of
        his premises any refuse. (Section 5204)
    b.  No refuse shall be accumulated for any period exceeding one
        week.  (Section 5205)
    c.  No person except the City permit holder or contract agent shall
        collect refuse.  (Section 5219)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for a Permit

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    a.  Permit required to collect any refuse except by City or contract
        agent.  (Section 5220)
    b.  Upon application, city  may grant permit immediately or may set
        the matter for a hearing (see Section on hearings), but no
        application may be denied without a hearing.  (Section 5220)
    c.  The conditions upon which the permit is to be granted must be met.
        (Sections 5220.4 and 5220.5)
    cL  The duration of the permit shall not exceed one year. (Section 5220)

2.  Administrative Proceedings  (Hearings)

    a.  Hearings on permit applications

        (1)   If hearing is set on permit application, it shall be set
              within 21 days after receipt of the application and the
              applicant shall be notified as to time and place of the
              hearing.  (Section 5220.2)
        (2)   The City Council  shall  hear such evidence as  the applicant
              cares to offer.  A determination shall be made within 10
              days after conclusion of the hearing and said determination
              shall be final.

    b«  Hearings and fee appeal

        (1)   Appeal be made in writing by filing with the  City clerk,
              (Section 5225)
        (2)   The Administrative Authority shall investigate and either
              grant the relief  requested or set the matter  for a hearing
              before the City Council.  At said hearing, the applicant
              shall be given the opportunity to prove any error in the
              charges.  The determination reached by the City Council will
              be final. (Section 5226)

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                      LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Minimum Regulations for Dumps in the City of Los Angeles as amended
      June 2, 1967.

 II.  GENERAL- STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          These rules cover application for and maintenance cf dumps within the
          city.  These are regulations cf Bo-rd of Public Works.

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Department of Public Works  (Section 10)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To accept applications and issue permits.(Section 101)
          b.  To suspend or revoke permits. (Section 10)
          c.  To make inspections (Section 2)

      3.  Relationship to other Programs  (Section 10)

          Nothing in these regulations shall preclude enforcement by
          applicable provisions of the Municipal Code or  state law by the
          duly responsible agencies,

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Dumps used for noncombustible material shall be maintained so as
              to avoid creating a dust nuisance and avoid harboring rats.
              (Section 4)
          b*  Toilet facilities must be properly maintained within 300 yards
              of dumping operation.(Section 5)
          Ce  Fences shall be provided and maintained to  prevent unauthorized
              entry.  Fencing must also be suitable to prevent neighborhood
              nuisances by windblown paper and debris.  (Section 6A)
          d«,  Where salvaging permitted, material must be removed daily and
              residue placed in current dumping area arid  covered daily.
              (Section 6B)
          e.  Approved methods to minimize dust shall be  used.  (Section 6C)
          fe  Install and maintain 20 feet paved roadway  within disposal site
              from adjoining thoroughfare a minimum of 300 feet beyond gates.
              (Section 6D)

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    g.  All infestation must be immediately controlled and area covered
        by at least one foot of earth.  (Section 6f)
    h.  Approved water supply for firefighting shall be provided.
        (Section 7A)
    i«  Approved sanitary drinking supply shall be provided.  (Section 7B)
    j.  All surface waters shall be diverted from site so as to prevent
        percolation.  (Section 7C)
    k.  Dumping operations shall be kept _at least 50 feet from any
        watercourse or proposed drainage channel.  (Section 6B)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    No salvage operations permitted unless specifically authorized
    by the permit.  (Section 6B)

3«  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities

    a.  All waste materials shall be spread and compacted in successive
        layers not to exceed three feet compacted depth unless solid
        noncombustible material exceeds three feet.  Compaction shall be
        done to reduce voids and level surface to properly support
        covering material.  (Section 3A)
    b.  Watering may be done to aid compaction if it does not result in
        leaking, contamination, pollution, odor or become a nuisance.
        (Section 3B)
    c«  When depth of compacted material reaches maximum of nine feet,
        surface shall be leveled and covered with at least nine inches of
        earth.  (Section 3C)
    d«  All deposited waste materials must be covered by midnight of
        day material is dumped or deposited.  (Section 3D)

    The edge of dump where material is regularly dumped need not be covered
    providing:

        (1)   Papers and other waste materials which may scatter are
              properly secured.
        (2)   Top and all sides are compacted and covered.
        (3)   Quantities of materials which may produce odor nuisances,
              fly breeding, rodent infestation are not exposed.
        (4)   Working face does not remain uncovered longer than overnight
              or weekend.
        (5)   Department of Public Works can order a cover notwithstanding
              these exceptions.

    e«,  Top surface and all sides shall be maintained so that no refuse or
        rubbish is visible.   (Section 3E)

    f.  After dump filled, a final seal of at least two feet of well
        compacted material shall be applied to top and all sides within
        60 days,  (Section 3F)
                                10

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        g.  Only two feet layer of manure or organic food wastes permitted for
            each nine feet left. (Section 3H)
        h«  Certain materials are prohibited at dumps unless specifically
            provided.  (Section 31)
        1.  No open fires or burning allowed in the site. (Section 3J)
        j„  No excavation shall be made to a depth of greater than ten feet
            above maximum ground water table.  (Section 7E)

V«  ENFORCEMENT

    1«   Requirements for Permits, etc.  (Section 1)

        a.  Applications must include a report containing all necessary
            information as to operators, owners of land, permission to use
            land, etc.
        b»  Permits issued only to operators.
        c.  All applications must include a detailed map showing:

            (1)   Entire site
            (2)   Current ground water level and maximum highwater level of
                  record.
            (3)   Any water ways or channels likely to affect the site.
            (4)   Location of wells and springs.
            (5)   Contours of site before and after filling.
            (6)   Type of underlying soil
            (7)   Existing and proposed building locations.
            (8)   Intended points of ingress and egress plus means for
                  controlling dust in the streets,
            (9)   Location and type of fence.
           (10)   Estimated time of completion plus schedule of hours and fees.

    2«   Inspections

        a.  Board of Public Works and other agencies may make inspections as
            often as necessary.  (Section 2)
        b.  Inspection must be made by agent at least once a day for rodents,
            insects, etc. (Section 6F)

    3«   Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Report shall be filed with Board showing premises have been
            checked for rodents and what measures were taken.  This must
            be done at least once a month.  (Section 6G)
        be  Permission to deviate from certain requirements  noted herein
            may be granted only after concurrence of all other departments
            concerned.  (Section 8)

    4.   Performance Bonds

        Surety bond of $10,000 required and this shall continue in effect
        for 12 months following termination of authority or  completion of
        operations.   (Section 9)
                                    11

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                     NORTH MIAMI BEACH,  FLORIDA

  Ic   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Garbage,  Trash, and Weeds - Chapter 10,  Article 1, November 29, 1957,
      and later amended.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of  Policy

          This  Ordinance  is concerned with the collection and storage of
          garbage and trash.

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Garbage - includes every refuse  accumulation of animal, fruit,
              or vegetable matter that attends the preparation, use, cooking,
              dealing in, or  storage of, meats, fish, fowl, fruit, or
              vegetables, and any other matter of any nature whatsoever,
              which Is subject to decay and the generation of noxious or
              offensive odors, or which, during or after decay, may serve
              as breeding or  feeding materials for flies or other germ-
              carryirig insects; and any bottles, cans or other containers
              which due to their ability to retain water, may serve as
              breeding places for mosquitos or other water-breeding
              insects.  (Section 10.1 a)

          b«   Trash - includes refuse accumulation of paper, bound paper,
              cardboard,  wooden or paper boxes or containers, crates,
              sweepings,  scrap metals, and all other accumulations of a
              a nature other  than garbage, which are usual to housekeeping
              and to Che  operation of stores,  offices, and other business
              places.  In general, trash shall be deeme.d to be all
              discarded salvable materials, save organic garbage. (Section 101.1b)

          e.   Garbage can - water-tight metal  container with suitable handles
              and a tight-fitting cover of type commonly sold as a garbage
              can with a capacity of not more  than thirty gallons.
              (Section 10.1c)

          d.   Trash can - water-tight metal container with suitable handles and
              a tight-fitting cover of type commonly sold as a trash can
              with a capacity of not more than thirty gallons.  (Section 10.1d)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          a.   City Manager  (Section 10-2)

          b.   City Director of Public Works [Section 10-19(c)]
                                    12

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     2.  Functions and Powers

         a.  City Manager

             To formulate manner, place of collection, type of
             notice, discount, penalties.  (Section 10-2)

         be  City Director of Public Works.

             To enforce city sanitary code, issue citations and summons
             for violation, recommend suspension or revocation of
             trash license. [Section 10-19 (c)]

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.  Residential

             Every dwelling place must have at least one garbage can.
             [Section 10.7 (b) (4)]

         b.  Commercial

             (1)   If more than seven, 20-gallon garbage cans needed, one mobile,
                   one cubic yard container must be used for each additional
                   seven cans. [Section 10.7 (b) (1) (a)]
             (2)   The above subsection also applies to trash can except capacity
                   of trash cans may be 30 gallons. [Section 10.7 (b) (1) (b)]

         c.  Duplex; Multiple-Apartment; Co-operatives; Motels and Hotels.

             There must be at least one trash can and one garbage can for
             each living unit contained herein, except if more than seven
             are required, one mobile one cubic yard container shall be
             used for each seven cans. [Section 10.7 (b) (1) (c)]

         
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            (1)   Garden trash  shall  be  deposited  in front  of  premises.   Trunks
                 and branches  must be cut  into  lengths  not to exceed  five
                 feet and no single  piece  shall exceed  fifty  pounds in  eight.
                 (Section 10.10)

    2,  Prohibited Activities

        a.   It shall be unlawful  to  deposit  garden trash on any  adjoining  lot
            whether vacant or  improved,  occupied  or unoccupied or upon  any
            other lot or premises, or street, alley or  park,  or  any canal  or
            waterway, lake or  pool within  the city.  (Section 10.10)
        b«   It shall be unlawful  to  deposit  or  allow a  person under their
            control to deposit in any of the waters of  the lakes, rivers,  canals,
            streams, ditches,  rock pits  or sumps,  within the  limits of  the
            city, any rubbish, filth, or poisonous or deleterious substance,
            or substances, liable to affect  the health  of  person, fish  or
            livestock, or place of deposit.   (Section 10.11)
        c.   It shall be unlawful  to  deposit  on  or bury  in  any land within  the
            city limits any garbage  or  trash except as  provided  in this
            chapter.  [Section 10.12(1)]
        d.   It shall be unlawful  to  remove or convey any garbage or trash  upon
            or along any public street  or  alley except  as  provided.
            [Section 10.12(2)]
        e.   It shall be unlawful  to  place  or cause to be placed  on or in any
            public street or alley discarded building material,  dirt, rock,
            glass, or scrap iron  for collection.  [Section  10-12(3)]
        f.   It shall be unlawful  to  permit an accumulation of garbage or
            trash upon any premise in the  city  for a period longer than seven
            days. [Section 10.12  (4)]
        g.   It shall be unlawful  to  owner  or occupant of any  land to  permit
            to remain thereon  any accumulation  of debris,  decayed vegetable
            matter, filth, dangerous trees,  rubbish or  trash, or growth of
            weeds, noxious plants or weeds.

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1,  Requirements for Permits

        a.   No new business shall be issued  an  occupational license until
            deposit covering trash collection service is paid. [Section 10-9(a)]
        b«   Private commercial trash collection must obtain a special trash
            occupational license  following application  and approval by  city
            council.  This enterprise is under  direct supervision of  City  Director
            of Public Works. [Section  10-19(b)]
        Ce   The cost of such a license  is  two hundred dollars. [Section 10-19(e)]

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        All garbage cans, trash cans, and  mobile  containers subject to
        inspection and approval or condemnation by superintendent of  the
        sanitation department. [Section 10-7(a)(3)]
                                    14

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3.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Should owner or occupant of any land, fall, refuse, or neglect to
        remove accumulation of debris, decayed vegetable matter, filth,
        rubbish, trash, dangerous trees or excessive growth of weeds, etc.,
        he shall be served with a thirty-day notice in writing directing
        the owner or occupant to abate the nuisance. (Section 10-15)
    bo  If after thirty days the nuisance is not abated, the city may
        undertake to do so and assess the costs by lien against the
        property. (Section 10-16)
    c«  Service upon the owner or occupant of notice to abate shall either
        be by personal service or mailing the notice to last known address
        as it appears on city records.  If address of owner is unknown,
        service of notice shall be made by posting notice on the property.
        (Section 10-13)

4.  Penalties

    Should the owner or occupant violate any or all provisions of this
    chapter, he shall be punished as provided in Section 18 of this
    code in addition to other penalties and remedies herein provided.
    Each day that a violation is permitted to exist shall constitute
    a separate offense.  (Section 10-18)

5«  Injunctive Powers

    The City Director of Public Works, and for good cause shown, shall
    have the right to recommend the suspension and/or revocation of any
    occupational trash license issued by written request and report to
    the city council and for violation of the terms of this section or
    for violation of any ordinance of the city.  [Section 10-19 (d)]
                              15

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                              ELMHURST,  ILLINOIS

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chapters 16 and 17 of Elmhurst  City  Code - June 2,  1969,

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      Definitions

      a.   Brush - includes  trimmings  from  trees, bushes,  shrubs and lawns
          but excluding branches  over two  inches in diameter at the butt.
      b«   Garbage - includes animal or vegetable waste such as  that from food
          supply and offal  including  only  such paper in which it may
          be wrapped,
      c.   Rubbish - includes ashes, cinders,  glass bottles, cans, and other
          refuse,
      d.   Scavenging - includes  collection of garbage, rubbish, brush or
          any other refuse.  (Sections 16.01  and 17.01)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      Responsible Agency

      City Council

 IV,   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1*   Standards and Regulations

          a»  Storage

              (1)  Owner or occupant  shall provide sufficient containers in good
                   condition.   (Section  16.02a)
              (2)  Garbage  containers shall be water tight, have a close-fitting
                   cover, handles,  and a capacity not exceeding 25 gallons.
                   (Section 16.02b)
              (3)  Rubbish  containers shall be water tight  and  shall have a
                   capacity not  to  exceed  2 2/3 cubic feet  or 20 gallons and
                   shall have  sufficient handles at the sides.  (Section 16.02c)

          b.  Collection

              (1)  Occupant shall place  containers at edge  of sidewalk for
                   collection.  (Section  16.03)
              (2)  Ashes shall not  be kept in building and  shall be disposed of
                   at the occupant's  or  owner'j  expense except  where quanity
                   does not exceed  capacity of two containers,  ashes may be
                   placed in container.   (Section 16.04)
              (3)  Any person owning  a place  of business  where  food is consumed
                   or dispensed  for revenue shall have daily collection of
                                    16

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                materials and dispose of them through either burning in an
                approved incinerator or some lawful manner outside  the city.
                (Section 16.05)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to deposit anything other than garbage in  a
            garbage container or to deposit garbage In any container or place
            other than the container designed for garbage. (Section 16.02d)
        bt  It shall be unlawful to dump garbage anywhere in the City and
            except with a permit, it shall be unlawful to dump any  rubbish  or
            waste which might be contaminated or which might be scattered.
            (Section 16.07)
        c.  It shall be unlawful to dump or burn leaves or any material on  the
            street nor shall any sweepings be swept into the street or gutter.
        d.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage or rubbish within  the city
            in such a manner as to create a nuisance or endanger health.
            (Section 16.9)
        e.  It shall be unlawful to install or operate a plant for  burning  of
            garbage or refuse until plans have been filed with the  Superintendent
            of Building Construction and approved by him and a permit issued.
            (Section 16.09)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1«  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  License required for scavenging.(Section 17.02)
        b.  Application shall be made to city clerk and include name and
            address of applicant, penal history, and legal status of
            applicant.  (Section 17)
        Ce  Licenses shall not be issued to persons in certain classes.
            (Section 17.04)
        d.  Fingerprints and photographs are required to be submitted with
            application. (Section 17.06)-
        e.  The license shall be effective from May 1 - April 30. (Section  7.10)

    2.  Liability for Violators  (Section 17.11)

        City council may revoke or suspend any license due to:

        a.  Conviction of any crime which would have made applicant ineligible
            for the issuance of such license.
        b.  Violation of any ordinance or statute regulating the business of
            scavenging.
        e.  Performance forfeited or license revoked, and revocation is not
            revised.  (Section 17.13)

    3.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Applicant for license
                                17

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    City Council may require applicant to appear at a hearing to
    be examined and may require production of any hooks, records
    or other papers that the Council deems material to the
    determination of the application. The failure to appear or
    produce the requested materials or to answer any charge
    within three days shall, without good cause, be 'deemed an
    admission that the applicant is not qualified. (Section 17.05)

    b.  Revocation of License

        (1)  No license can be revoked or suspended by City Council
             without a public hearing.
        (2)  Licensee shall be given five days notice of the hearing
             and the charges against the licensee shall be specified.
        (3)  The notice shall be delivered personally or, if impossible
             to do so, shall be left with any person over 12 at last
             address of licensee.
        (4)  Licensee shall have opportunity to answer charges in writing
             and to appear and defend at said hearing.
        (5)  Within ten days after the conclusion of the meeting, the
             Council shall determine the issues and, if it shall decide
             to suspend or revoke the license, the licensee shall be
             notified within ten days of such action and the causes
             thereof. (Section 17.12)

4.  Performance Bond

    A $1,000 bond must be filed with application. In lieu of such
    bond, $1,000 in cash may be deposited. (Section 17.07)

5.  Insurance

    $100,000/person
    $300,000/accident for personal injuries
    $ 10,000/accident for property damage

    Expiration of insurance without renewal shall result in voiding
    of license.
                              18

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                             ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Title II - Utilities and Services, Chapter 26 "Refuse"
      February 21, 1957 and later amended.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      Definitions

      a.  Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable waste resulting
          from the handling, preparation, cooking, consumption of
          food, including cans, container?  and wrappings wasted
          therewith.

      b.  Normal Commercial Collection - the collection without charge of
          two twenty-five gallon containers three times per week.

      c.  Normal Residential Collection - the collection without charge of
          no more than three twenty-five gallon containers per week
          plus bulk refuse as defined herein after at Section 2:3,
          subsection  (2)d.


      d«  Refuse - includes all putrescible and nonputrescible solid
          waste (except body waste and sewage waste), which is
          composed wholly or partly of garbage, rubbish, ashes,
          sweepings,  solid market and industrial wastes, and other
          such substances which may become  a nuisance.

      e«  Rubbish - includes nonputrescible solid wastes consisting of
          both combustible and noncombustible wastes, such as paper,
          cardboard,  glass, crockery, and similar materials but
          excluding items such as broken co_ncrete stones, tree trunks,
          and also excluding such items that cannot effectively be
          handled by  two men, such as pianos, refrigerators, etc.
          (Section 2.1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Superintendent of the Public Works Department.(Section 2.2)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To supervise collection, conveyance, and disposal of all
              refuse.
          b.  To make reasonable rules and  regulations
          c.  To supervise and operate sanitary landfill.(Section 2.2)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1»  Standards and Regulations


                                   19

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a,  Storage

    (1)  Every occupant or owner shall maintain the premise in a
         clean and orderly condition.
    (2)  All structures built after May 15, 1968 shall have certain
         minimum standards for storage of refuse.
    (3)  For all other structures, there shall be sufficient containers
         to hold two weeks' accumulation of refuse.
    (4)  General Regulations

         (a)  Containers (non-mechanical) shall riot exceed 25 gallons
              capacity, be in good repair, leakproof, rodent proof
              and free from holes.
         (b)  Containers shall have tight-fitting covers and
              adequate handles.
         (c)  Tree trimmings, hedge clippings, cardboard containers
              and other bulk refuse must be securely tied in bundles
              not exceeding 48 inches in diameter and 75 pounds in
              weight.
         (d)  Building materials shall not be deposited in containers
              but must be disposed of with other bulky items as an
              ''extra service.''
         (e)  Dead animals, animal waste, liquids, hot ashes, dangerous
              chemicals or explosives shall not be placed in containers
              but must be otherwise disposed of by the owner.
         (f)  No container shall be filled beyond its capacity.

    (5)  Containers shall be placed for collection a,t places easily
         accessible to the collector.  (Section 2.3)

b«  Collection

    Person may dispose of his own refuse by:

    (1)  Approved incinerator or garbage grinder within a building.
    (2)  By outside incineration if refuse can be burned without
         objectionable odor and contains no garbage.
    (3)  By transporting to city sanitary landfill if approved by
         the Superintendent.   (Section 2.4)

c.  Transportation

    (1)  Vehicles shall be kept clean and in good repair
    (2)  Vehicles shall be maintained and operated so that there
         shall be no spillage.
    (3)  Hauling body shall be water tight and completely enclosed.
    (4)  During fly-breeding season, all vehicles used to transport
         refuse containing putrescible materials shall be treated at
         intervals in the manner indicated by the Superintendent.
         [Section 2.5(2)]
                            20

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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1 „  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  Application shall be made to City Clerk.
        be  Superintendent must certify ability of license and equipment to
            conduct a refuse collection business.
        c.  License shall be from May 1 - April 30.  [Section 2.5(1)]

    2,  Liability for Violators

        Superintendent shall revoke license of any collector who fails to
        abide by the provisions of this Chapter or the rules and regulations
        of the Superintendent.  [Section 2.5(3)]

    3.  Penalties

        Violation of any provision of this Chapter is a misdemeanor and
        punishable as such.  (Section 2.6)

    4.  Insurance

        $ 50,000 personal injury to one person
        $100,000 personal injuries or damages in one accident
        $ 25,000 property damage   [Section 2.5(2b)]
                                    21

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                          DULUTH, MINNESOTA

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Legislative Code of Duluth, Minnesota,  Chapter 24 - Garbage, Trash,
      and Refuse, September 24,  1960.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      Definitions

      a.   Ashes -- includes cinders and all solid products of complete
          combustion of wood,  coal, or other  combustible material;
          provided that it has been completely burned and if not
          mixed with any combustible or unsanitary material.

      b.   Garbage — includes all combustible  matter which is liable to
          ferment, decay, petrify, decompose  or become offensive or
          a menace to health,  the refuse matter from kitchens, pantries,
          dining rooms and other parts of hotels, restaurants, boarding
          houses, etc, or refuse fruit or vegetable matter.

      c.   Rubbish — includes all crockery, bottles or refuse glass, tin cans
          and other metal and noncombustible  substances in whatsoever
          form the same may be,  and all combustible materials or
          waste.   (Section 24-1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Health (Section  24-8)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.  To revoke license  upon good cause shown after public hearing,
              (Section 24-7)
          b«  To make, all collections and removals. (Section 24—8)
          c.  To fix fee schedule, character  and quantity of material collected
              and removed, etc., subject to approval of city council.
              (Section 24-10)
          d.  To establish various collection districts and decide which items
              will and will not  be collected.  (Section 24-11)
          e.  To inspect all receptacles and  vehicles and, if unfit, prohibit
              their use until put in proper repair.  (Section 24-16)
          f.  To investigate vehicles and equipment of license applicant for
              conformity and direct city clerk to grant or refuse license.
              (Section 24-3)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.  It shall be the duty of any licensed person to collect and remove
                                      22

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        any of materials and substances specified in ordinance, establish
        and maintain systematic and regular collection and furnish
        printed schedule of collection service.

    b.  No licensee shall charge in excess of maximum fee.  If he has good
        cause to believe he will not be paid, he may demand payment for
        services rendered in advance.  If such payment is refused, he is
        not required to make such collection until he is paid.  When
        licensee is directed in writing by director of public health to
        make such collection whatsoever, such" licensee shall make the
        same, without being paid.  The City will pay the licensee.
        (Section 24-10)

    c.  It shall be the duty of every tenant, lessee, or occupant to
        provide and maintain portable, water-tight vessels or cans to hold
        all the garbage which accumulates on their premises.  They must
        be of such size to be easily handled by one man and shall be
        provided by handles and a tight-fitting cover.  They shall be
        constructed of or lined with metal so as to make them watertight.
        All garbage shall be deposited in such cans but they shall not
        be filled to nearer than three inches from the top.  No
        noncombustible material or substance shall be deposited therein.
        Such cans shall, during collection hours, be kept in place
        easily accessible to collectors and, in cold weather, in a place
        where they are not liable to freeze.  (Section 24-2)

    d.  The collection vehicle shall be completely closed at all times
        except when being loaded or unloaded.  (Section 24-14)

    e.  Such vehicles shall be adequately identified on both sides of
        body of vehicle.  (Section 24-14)

    f.  Such vehicles shall be cleaned at least once a week while in use,
        to be kept clean while not in use.  (Section 24-15)

    g.  Nothing in this Ordinance shall prevent any owner or agent from
        filling in or grading with ashes any tract of land by him, provided
        it is done in clean and sightly manner.  (Section 24-17)

    h.  It shall be duty of every owner, tenant, lessee, or occupant
        to provide and maintain vessels, bins, or pits of sufficient
        size to contain all of the ashes that accumulate on the premises.
        If they are outside, they shall be suitably covered.  No garbage
        or other refuse shall be placed therein.  (Section 24-18)

    i.  All rubbish shall be stored in boxes, barrels, bins, or other
        receptacles provided that no garbage, ashes, or other combustible
        material is placed therein.  (Section 24-19)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to engage in business of collecting or
                                23

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        removing ashes, garbage,  trash or refuse without  a license.
        (Section 24-2)

    b.  It shall be unlawful for  any person to willfully  turn over any
        vessel or can used for storage of garbage and spilling contents
        on street, avenue, alley  or public grounds.   (Section 24-14)

    c.  It shall be unlawful for  any person to use or permit to be used
        any vehicle to convey garbage, etc. unless it is  equipped with
        an all-steel body that is leakproof, spillproof and capable of
        being completely enclosed with a cover constructed of steel.   No
        person shall load or drive vehicle in such a manner as to cause
        spillage of contents.  (Section 24-14)

    
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    Any license may be revoked by director upon cause shown and after public
    hearing, a notice which must be mailed to licensee at least 10 days in
    advance of the hearing.  Filing of application with false information
    shall be sufficient cause for revocation,

5»  Penalties

6.  Performance Bonds (Sec. 24-4)

    Upon filing of application, applicant shall furnish corporate surety bond of
    $1000.
                               25

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                        KANSAS  CITY,  MISSOURI

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance No.  36643 - January  1,  1970.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.   Bulky  Rubbish — includes  items  of rubbish either too large or too
              heavy  to be loaded in  refuse collection vehicles with safety
              and convenience by refuse collectors,  with the equipment
              available therefor.

          b.   Director - Director of Public Works.

          c.   Garbage  - includes putrescible  animal  or vegetable wastes resulting
              from the handling, preparation, cooking, serving or consumption
              of food,

          d.   Refuse - includes unwanted or discarded waste materials in a solid
              or semi-liquid state,  consisting of garbage, rubbish, or a
              combination thereof.

          e.   Rubbish  - includes non-putrescible solid wastes consisting of
              combustible and non-combustible waste  materials from
              residential apartment, commercial, industrial and institutional
              establishments, including yard  wastes  and items commonly
              referred to as "trash."

          f.   Solid Waste - refuse.   (Section 16.2)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Works

      2.   Functions  and Powers

          a.   To issue permits  (Section 16.5)

          b.   To conduct hearings  (Section 16.10)

          c.   To provide for exclusive  city collection in certain areas
              (Section 16.20) and exemptions  to this provisions.(Section  16.21)

          d.   To issue rules and regulations.(Section 16.23)
                                       26

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IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.  Duties of owners and occupants,

             (1)   Provide and place sufficient and adequate storage
                  facilities. (Section 1.63)

             (2)   Keep such containers and facilities in good repair and keep
                  refuse properly stored. (Sections 16.26 and 16.27)

         b.  General Standards

             (1)   Collection shall be at least once a week with lesser intervals
                  as determined by Director of Health. (Section 16.6)

             (2)   Residential containers shall be stored upon residential premises.
                  Commercial refuse shall be  stored on private property or
                  specially granted public property.   (Section 16.7)

             (3)   Vehicles used in transportation of refuse shall be kept clean
                  and sanitary and so constructed with water tight, enclosed
                  bodies and/or covers so as  to prevent spillage. (Section 16.8)

             (4)   Refuse shall be disposed of at city operated landfills,
                  private landfills with a city permit, or other lawful disposal
                  stations approved by appropriate health officers. (Section 16.11)

         c.  Collection by City

             (1)   All residential refuse shall be collected by city except:

                  (a)  Trailer parks or buildings with five or more units.

                  (b)  Dwellings on land acreage of more than three acres or
                       dwellings in areas zoned for agriculture except on
                       specific application of owners.

                  (c)  Upon specific application, exemption may be granted
                       to clustered multi-family housing under common ownerships
                       and dwelling units in  organized homes association if
                       service at the same standard or a higher standard than
                       required by this ordinance is  provided.

                  (d)  Director may also provide services to institutional
                       establishments, commercial establishments and other
                       industrial or business establishments upon specific
                       application thereof.  (Section  16.20)

             (2)   The city is not required to collect or dispose of improperly
                  prepared refuse.  (Section  16.22)
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            (3)  Bulky refuse need not be collected unless  it is  prepared in
                 manner approved of by Director.  (Section 16.23)

        b.  Prohibited Activities

            (1)  It shall be unlawful  to deposit  refuse  in  container  of another
                 person, dwelling unit, or establishment without  consent of
                 owner.

            (2)  It shall be unlawful  to interfere  in any manner  with refuse
                 collectors or refuse  collection  equipment.  (Section  16.25)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

        a«  Permit required to engage  in business of collecting or disposing
            of refuse.

        b.  Permit application shall state type of  refuse to  be collected.
            Permits shall not be issued for residential  rubbish or bulky
            rubbish alone.

        c«  Permit shall be for one calendar year.   (Section  16.5)

    2.  Administrative Proceedings

        a«  Permits may be suspended or revoked upon notice and hearing
            before Director for any violation of  this ordinance.   (Section 16.5e)

        b.  Any person aggrieved by determination regarding exemption from
            service by the city may request a hearing before  the  Director
            within ten days after notification.  (Section 16.21)

        c«  In hearing before the Director, aggrieved person  may  be represented
            by counsel, cross-examine  witnesses and present evidence.  If person
            aggrieved after hearing, he may appeal  within ten days to Board
            of Refuse Appeals composed of Director, director  of fire, and
            director of health except  that Director having  rendered decision
            shall be replaced by City  Manager.  The matter  on appeal  shall be
            heard de novo with appellant enjoying the same  rights as  in
            hearing.  Board shall render written  decision which shall be
            conclusive unless appealed to a court of competent jurisdiction.
            (Section 16.10)

    3.  Penalties

        Any person violating the provision of this  ordinance  shall be
        fined not less that $5 nor more than $500 with each day of
        violation as a separate offense.  (Section  16.28)
                                   28

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4«  Insurance

    $100,000 each person injured or killed
    $300,000 injury or death to two or more persons in a single accident
    $ 50,000 property damage

    In event of cancellation, Director shall be notified by insurance
    carrier not less than ten days prior to the effective date of such
    cancellation and provisions to this effect must be incorporated in
    the policy,  (Section 16.5e)
                              29

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                           SPARKS,  NEVADA

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Section 20 of Sparks City Code,  amended through Ordinance No. 707.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      Definitions

      a.   Garbage - includes  ashes, cans, swill, all animal vegetable matter
          that attends the consumption of food or the preparation,
          storage or sale of  meats, fish, fowl, fruits or vegetables,
          and all waste matter that is subject to decay or putrefaction,
          but does not include dish and waste waters.

      b.   Nauseous matter and debris - includes trash, garbage, filth,
          excretia, papers, refuse, offal, swill, dry grass (cut or uncut),
          weeds (cut or uncut), excelsior, wooden boxes, shavings,
          packing cases or other combustible, ill-smelling or offensive
          matter which, because of  its nature, might prove a fire
          hazard or a menance to the health,  peace or welfare of
          the citizens of the city  if allowed to accumulate about the
          premises of any property  in the city.

      c.   Trash - includes earth, soil, wood, tree leaves, dead trees and
          branches, clay, sand, bricks, plaster, portland cement, chips,
          shavings, grass cuttings, rocks, sticks, old papers
          and magazines, paper or wood cartons, rags, sawdust, old
          clothing, and all other combustible materials of a like
          nature which are not included in the definition of garbage.
          (Section 20.020 - 20.050)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agnecy

          City Council  (Section 20.130)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.  All persons residing  in single  family dwelling and all owners of
              multiple  family dwellings shall use the garbage service provided
              for in this ordinance.  (Section 20.165)

          b.  Contract holder shall collect garbage three times weekly in
              business district and one time  weekly outside of business district.
              (Section 20.170)
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        C.  Weeds, dry grass, dead trees, tin cans, abandoned autos  and  auto
            bodies, materials upon any public or private property are  a  nuisance.
            (Section 20.170)

        d«  Cultivated and useful grasses and pastures are not nuisances except
            when necessary firebreak requirement not observed within seven
            days notice.  (Section 20.275)

        e.  One or more suitable garbage cans with a tight cover into  which can
            be placed all the refuse that accumulates on the premises.   Each
            can shall have suitable handles, a capacity not to exceed  30
            gallons and be kept covered and in an enclosure at all times.
            Individual cans must be provided for separate families or  businesses
            within the same building.  (Section 20.110)

        f.  The city council may grant an exclusive contract to collect, haul
            and dispose of all solid wastes subject to the right of  any  resident
            to haul his own trash and debris.  (Section 20.130)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any person not authorized by the  city
            council to haul or drive a vehicle with solid wastes materials
            through the street except that with the supervision of such  an
            authorized person, debris and rubbish may be carried and dumped at
            the city dumping grounds,  (Section 20.060)

        b.  It shall be unlawful for any solid waste material to accumulate
            more than 24 hours after notification by health officer.(Section 20.070)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to bury or attempt to bury any solid  waste
            materials.  (Section 20.070)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any solid waste materials  on any
            public or private property.  (Section 20.090)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to fail to clean premises, place all  materials
            in containers and place containers in position for collection.
            (Section 20.100)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        City may grant exclusive contract. (Section 20.130)

    2.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  If nuisance exists, a notice of violation shall be issued  directing
            abatement.  (Section 20.285)

        b.  Notice may be served by personal service, sending by registered mail,
            or by posting and publication.  (Section 20.295)
                                  31

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    c.  Within 14 days, appeal may be made to city council.  Within 5 -
        15 days after filing, appeal shall be heard before the city council.
        All persons who fail to protest shall be deemed to have waived
        all objections. (Section 20.305)

    d.  Abatement shall be accomplished within 14 days after notification
        of decision of city council.  (Section 20.315)

    e.  If abatement not completed, city shall abate nuisance and file an
        account with city council.  (Section 20.325)

    f«  At least seven days after filing the account,  the city council
        shall hold a hearing at their meeting.  Notice shall be posted
        announcing time of city council meeting.  (Section 20.335)

    g.  City council shall hear matter and if account is accepted, amount
        thereof shall become a lien on the property of the delinquent.
        (Section 20.345)

3«  Penalties

    a.  Violation of sections 20.102 - 20.240 is punishable by a fine of
        not less than $5 nor more than $300 or by imprisonment by not
        less than 2'2 days or more than 150 days, or both.  (Section 20.250)

    b*  Any person who allows the existence of a public nuisance in property
        owned, occupied or controlled by him shall, upon conviction, be
        fined not more than $500 and/or imprisoned not more than six
        months and each day of violation is a separate offense.
        (Section 20.351)

4.  Performance Bonds

    $50,000  (Section 20.140)
                            32

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                              RAMAPO, NEW YORK

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Refuse Removal Law:  adopted June 23, 1969, took effect July  1,  1969.
      Local Law No. 2, 1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1c  Declaration of Policy

          To maintain prompt, efficient, clean and courteous service by the
          refuse collection industry at reasonable prices.   (Section 2)

      2,  Definitions

          When not inconsistent with the context, words used in the present
          tense include the future, words in the plural number include
          the singular number and words in the singular number include the
          plural number.   The word ''shall'' is always mandatory and not
          merely directory.  (Section 3)

          a.  Ashes - include  residue from burning of wood, coal,  coke, or other
              combustible materials.

          b.  Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable waste resulting
              from the preparation, handling,  cooking and consumption of
              food.

          C.  Refuse - includes all putrescible and nonputrescible  solid wastes
              (except body wastes) including garbage, rubbish and ashes.
              Refuse shall not be deemed to include dead animals or
              abandoned automobiles.

          d.  Rubbish - includes nonputrescible solid waste  (excluding ashes)
              consisting  of both combustible and noncombustible wastes,
              such as paper, cardboard, tin cans, yard clippings, leaves,
              tree trimmings, wood, glass, bedding, crockery and similar
              materials.

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1c  Responsible Agency

          Sanitation Commission (Section 17)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To grant licenses (Section 6[a])
                                     33

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         b.   To grant  permission  for higher  collection  charges  after notice
             and public  hearing of  it  finds  the  higher  rates  are  fair  and
             reasonable,  in  the public interest,  and  supported  by evidence.
             (Section  7)

         c.   To grant  renewal  of  license.  (Section  11)

         d.   To refuse license renewal or  revoke license  if applicant  or
             any partner has been convicted  of ~a misdemeanor  or felony which
             in judgment of  Sanitation Commission renders him unift or
             undesirable to  carry on business.   (Section  12)

         e.   To make reasonable inspections  of books  of licensees.  (Section13[k])

         f.   To make own determination regarding financial statement for any
             business  which  has failed to  keep required books and records.
             (Section  13[m])

         g.   To adoptj amend and  repeal rules and regulations after public
             hearing.   (Section 17)

         h.   To investigate  all violations and grievances reported.  (Section  18[a])

         i.   To take testimony concerning  violations, grievances  of customers
             and petition for  higher rates.   (Section 18[b])

         j.   To hold public  hearings on ten  days notice by publication in
             official  newspaper together with notice  by registered mail to
             members of  refuse collection  industry  involved.   (Section 18[c])

         k.   To reasonably discipline  licensees  for non-compliance with rules,
             regulations or  directives of  Commission  or for non-cooperation in
             an investigation  or  hearing.   (Section 18[d])

     3.   Relationship  to State Program

         Nothing in this law shall  be  construed  to  supersede  the  minimum
         standards in  State  Sanitary Code  which  shall govern  when and  where
         any provision of this law  is  found  to be inconsistent  with
         said standards.

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a«   Every licensee  shall make at  least  two collections per week, at
             least three days  apart.   (Section  13)

         b*   Vehicles  must be  so  constructed as  to  avoid  spilling or leakage  and
             any refuse  spilled shall  be immediately  cleaned  up.   (Section  16[A])
                                     34

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        c»  Licensee shall keep all vehicles clean, sanitary and neatly painted
            and shall wash, clean, and disinfect such vehicles at least once
            a week. (Section 16[b])

        d.  Customers shall purchase their own containers according to
            standards established by the Commission.  (Section 14[A])

        e.  All refuse shall be in the containers.  (Section 14[B])

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for licensee to arbitrarily discontinue service
            to any customer.  If any customer fails to pay for services
            rendered for three consecutive months, service may be discontinued
            by licensee by giving notice in writing to customer via registered
            mail with a copy to the Sanitation Commission.  (Section 13[e])

        be  It shall be unlawful for licensee to refuse to collect refuse
            although there is no separation of materials.  (Section 13[b])

        Cc  It shall be unlawful for licensee to refuse to accept a new
            residential customer on a street or route where it is already
            providing service.  (Section 13[P])

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1e  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  No person shall carry on business of collecting, removing, or
            transporting refuse without first obtaining license from Sanitation
            Commission.  (Section 4)

        b.  The fee for a license is $100 plus $50 for each vehicle used.  If
            license obtained after July 1, fee is one half normal rate.
            (Section 5)

        c.  Each applicant shall file statement of insurance coverage of not
            less than $250,000/$500,000 covering bodily injury and property
            damage and covering each applicant and each vehicle.  (Section 8)

        d.  Any person having been duly granted license may have it renewed
            providing there has been no material change in original or
            supplemental applications. (Sections 11-12)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        a.  Licensee shall permit Commission to make reasonable inspections of
            books and records.  (Section 13[L])

        b.  All vehicles used by refuse collectors shall have been inspected and
            approved by Health Department.   (Section 16[A])
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3.  Liability

    Anyone who uses a license granted to another person shall be
    guilty of a violation.  (Section 15)

4.  Penalties

    Any person collecting refuse without .a license is guilty of a
    violation and upon conviction shall be punishable by a  fine of not
    more than $100.  Each day violation is committed is a separate
    offense.  (Section 19)

5.  Performance Bonds

    Each application for a license shall be accompanied by  a bond of
    $2500.  (Section 9)
                                36

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             OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

 I.  NAMES OF ORDINANCES (two ordinances)

     "Refuse Collection and Disposal Utility"  - Title 17, Chapter 3 as
     amended by Ordinance 12.026 on August 6, 1968 (will be cited as 17.3. )
     "Trash Haulers and Hauling"  - Title 10,  Chapter 35 (will be cited
     as 10.35.   ).

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Declaration of Policy

         a.  To assist in maintaining general sanitation and health by collecting,
             transporting and delivering for disposal, and disposing of in a
             safe and sanitary manner, all garbage,  rubbish and trash. (17.3.01)

         b.  To safeguard and protect the  public health, safety, property and
             welfare by establishing and enforcing standards and controls over
             vehicles, and the drivers in  charge thereof, used to haul garbage,
             refuse, rubbish or trash on,  over,  across, and along the public
             streets and thoroughfares of  the city to ensure the safe, sanitary
             and lawful movement of said vehicle and its cargo from point of
             origin to point of destination.  (10.35.01)

     2.  Definitions

         a.  Refuse - includes all  putrescible  and non-putrescible solid wastes,
             including garbage, rubbish, trash,  animal offal, ashes, tree
             limbs, yard clippings, grass  cuttings,  yard cleanings, leaves,
             and solid market and industrial wastes, but not including body
             wastes, automobile frames, large bulky  objects, dirt, rocks
             or debris.

         b.  Garbage - includes all putrescible  wastes from kitchens, pantries,
             dining rooms, or other parts  o_f hotels, restaurants,
             boarding houses, tenement houses,  dwelling houses, markets,
             butcher shops, poultry houses,  produce  houses, factories and
             any other places where meats, fish, fowl, fruit, or vegetables
             are prepared for food  for immediate consumption and all
             household waste containing organic  matter, that is, will be
             or was used as food or from preparation of food.

         c.  Rubbish — includes other worthless  or offensive matter such as
             paper, tin cans, bottles, glass containers, rags, animal
             excreta, and other similar rnaterials, the accumulation of
             which  may create a nuisance or  be  deleterious to public health
             or offensive to sight  or smell.

         d.  Trash  - includes solid wastes such  as ashes, tree limbs, yard clip-
             pings,, etc.  excessive  amounts of paper, cans, bottles, or
             household rubbish and  all other things  of a similar nature.
                                    37

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          e.  Non-collectable waste - includes poisons, acids, caustics,
              explosives,  body wastes, automobile frames, large bulky items
              and materials that may cause damage to collection equipment
              or personal  injury to collectors as well as dirt, rocks or
              debris.  Animal excreta not tightly wrapped is non-collectable
              as Is any garbage or trash mixed in with non-collectable items.

          f.  Undue accumulation - includes accumulation of garbage, rubbish,
              or trash in  amounts exceeding the capacity of the xvaste
              receptacle provided for same at the pickup point or at
              the point of disposal.  (17.3.03)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1C  Responsible Agency

          Department of Public Works, Sanitation Division.(17.3.01)

      2,  Functions and Powers

          To supervise general execution of all solid wastes regulation.
          (17.3.01)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1„  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Each new occupant shall notify the Department at the beginning of
              such occupancy to request pick-up service.  (17.3.05)

          b.  Containers shall be of substantial galvanized metal or plastic
              construction, fly-tight, and provided with handles on the sides
              and tight-fitting cover with handles.  Containers must be between
              20 and 32 gallon capacity and no single receptacle shall weigh
              more than 75 pounds when filled.  Disposable waterproof paper
              bags may also be used.  (17.3.06A)

          c.  Owners or occupants of premises must provide sufficient number of
              containers for storage of garbage and rubbish between collections.
              (17.3.06B)

          d.  Trash will also be collected if securely contained in appropriate
              receptacles.  (Section 9 of amendment)

          e.  Non-collectable wastes shall not be placed with  refuse for
              collection but shall be disposed of directly and promptly by
              owner or occupant of premises wbare material is  accumulated.
              (Section 9 of amendment)

          f.  Any vehicle  used to haul garbage, wet or dry, shall be of a type
              capable of being fully enclosed in a manner to prevent the escape
              therefrom of any noxious or disagreeable odors,  or the escape of
                                      38

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            any of the contents of such vehicle.  Said vehicle shall be
            capable of being completely emptied and cleaned.  (10.35.07)

        g.  Any vehicle whose use is intended for dry wastes such as trash,
            rubbish, empty boxes, papers, grass and tree trimmings, cans,
            bottles and all similar material may be of open body type, but
            shall be equipped with eye hooks, cleats, or other similar hold-
            fast facility fixed to sides and ends of the vehicle to prevent
            blowing off, spilling or scattering of same along route of the
            haul.  (10.35.80, 10.35.17, and 17.3.08B)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a..  It shall be unlawful for owner to rent any premises to be
            occupied by more than one family without providing the services
            required by this chapter.  (17.3.04)

        b.  It shall be unlawful for collectors to enter houses, gates,  fences,
            enclosed areas, etc. to make collections.

        c.  It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to
            deposit for collection on any street or any private property any
            waste paper, cans, or other rubbish without placing same in
            enclosed receptacle or container.   (17.3.04)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to remove or transport any garbage, refuse,
            or rubbish without authorization of the Health Department (17.3.08A)
            and obtaining a permit. (17.3.08B and 10.35.04)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to discharge, dump or empty any contents of
            any vehicle except at a location approved by the City. (10.35.18)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1„  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Any vehicle used for hauling trash, rubbish, and garbage must be
            approved by the City Health Director. (10.35.02)

        b.  Anyone qualified as driver may obtain license after payment of fees.
            (10.35.13-15)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        Approval of Health Department after inspection before beginning
        business necessary and future inspections may be made. (10.35.05)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        a.  Anyone who fails to follow these regulations shall be deemed guilty
            of an offense.  Each day is a separate offense. (17.3.12)

        b.  Sanitary Officers and Police Officers may make arrests for violation
            of this Chapter.(17.3.13)
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                         BEAVERTON, OREGON

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance No. 1458, October 6, 1969 as amended by Ordinance No. 1502
      January 19, 1970.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          This is an ordinance regulating refuse and garbage collection,
          hauling disposal, and establishing license and collection
          standards.

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Refuse -- solid wastes.

          b.  Garbage - includes all putrescible waste, except sewage and body
              body wastes, including waste that attends the preparation,
              use, cooking, dealing in or storage of meat, fish, fowl,
              fruit and vegetables, and all cans, boxes, cartons, papers or
              other objects which have food or other organic materials of
              any nature in or adhering thereto; and shall include all such
              wastes or accumulation of vegetable matter of residences,
              restaurants, hotels, and places where food is prepared for
              human consumption.  The term ''garbage'' does not include
              recognized industrial by-products.

          e.  Rubbish — includes refuse other than garbage (tin cans, bottles,
              ashes, paper, pasteboard, cardboard or wooden boxes, brush,
              weeds, leaves and cuttings from trees, lawns, shrubs, and
              garden or other waste materials provided in the normal course
              of living.)

          d.  Poisonous: Materials - include poison grain, insecticides or
              insecticide containers or other similar materials. (Section 1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          City Council

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To approve of all changes in collection boundaries or fees (Section 7)
              (Note - there are now 5 collection areas with one collector in
              each area).
                                   40

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        be  To cancel and annul collector's license.   (Section  15)

        c.  To supervise and approve of all work done.   (Section 4)

    3.  Relationship to State Program

        Disposal facilities must be in a manner approved by State
        Sanitary Authority and State Board of Health.

V.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

    1„  Standards and Regulations

        a.  Collectors shall serve private residences  at least  once  a week
            and all hotels, restaurants, grocery stores, meat markets,
            hospitals and other similar establishments daily except  Sundays
            and holidays.  (Section 2)

        be  Collectors shall furnish and maintain their own dumping  and
            disposal facilities. (Section 2)

        C*  All wet or offensive garbage shall be collected by  11:00 a.m.
            on day of collection, and between 5 and 8  p.m. on days preceding
            legal holidays. Collectors shall collect garbage from establish-
            ments having garbage which may become foul or offensive  by being
            kept over the holiday.  Collection shall respond to all  calls
            for special collection within three days.  (Section 4)

        d.  All equipment used for garbage and rubbish must be  covered and
            if used for liquids, it must be water tight and drip-proof and
            have a metal body.  All equipment must be  kept clean at  all times
            and there shall be sufficient equipment on hand at all times.
            (Section 4)

        BO  Any person may haul his own garbage or refuse and dispose of it
            in a lawful manner but he may not receive  compensation for it.
            He must prevent spilling, leaking or dripping upon the city
            streets.  (Section 5)

        f.  Each collector shall maintain adequate books and records. (Section  11

        g.  All rates charged shall be reasonable and not exceed those set
            by the city.  (Section 14)

        ho  Collectors shall maintain at their own cost a garbage bill paying
            station where collectors may be reached by the public and maintain
            a telephone listing. (Section 18)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to permit refuse to be
            scattered upon the streets of the city..
                                  41

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        b.  It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or association to
            collect, transport or dispose of refuse, garbage and rubbish for
            compensation without obtaining a license.  (Section 5)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

        a.  Each person who is now or will be a collector shall be granted
            a license upon his acceptance in writing of terms and conditions
            of this ordinance.  All licenses expire on June 30, 1973 (Note —
            10 years after ordinance went into effect). (Section 9)

        b.  Fee of three percent of gross receipts charged to each collector
            for right and privilege to carry on collection business.
            (Section 11)

        c.  License is non-transferrable.  (Section 12)

    2.  Inspection Procedures

        All records of collector shall be open to audit by city at any
        time.  (Section 11)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        If collector should fail to fulfill any or all of the terms of
        this ordinance, the city has right to cancel and annul license.
        (Section 16)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  All changes in boundaries or fees must be approved by City
            Council.  Requests are made by formal letter.  (Section 7)

        b.  If City, at any time, deems it advisable to operate a municipal
            collection service, it reserves the right to purchase one or more
            of the businesses operating within the city.  Six months notice
            shall be given to each collector involved and purchase shall be
            made on basis of a negotiated rate per collection stop and
            current land value of disposal property.  (Section 10)

        c.  If before the City can cancel or annul any license, the Council
            shall serve the collector with written notice stating where
            collector has failed in his duties and fixing a time not less
            than ten days after service when the matter will be heard before
            the Council.  At the hearing, collector can be present in person,
            be represented by counsel, and present any evidence and witnesses
            as it deems advisable.  Finding of the City Council shall be
            conclusive.   (Section 16)
                                    42

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5.  Penalties

    Any person violating this ordinance shall be guilty of a
    misdemeanor and upon conviction may be fined not more than $100
    or may be imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.  Every
    day such violation is committed shall constitute a separate
    offense.  (Section 19)

6*  Performance Bonds

    a.  Each collector must carry public liability insurance on each
        vehicle and on his operation of not less than $50,000 one person,
        not less than $250,000 on each accident, and not less than $50,000
        property damage.  Any license granted is conditioned upon
        licensee's indemnifying and saving harmless the City from any
        liability arising from any injury or damage as a result of the
        operation.  (Section 13)

    b.  Corporate surety bond of $5,000 is also required.  (Section 17)
                                43

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                           DALLAS, OREGON

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance No. 805 - May 6, 1963.

 II.  GENERAL, STATEMENT

          Definitions

          a.  Ashes - include residue from burning of wood or other combustible
              materials

          b.  Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable wastes
              resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking and
              consumption of food.

          c.  Refuse - includes all putrescible and non-putrescible solid
              waste (excluding ashes) consisting of both combustible
              and noncombustible wastes such as paper, cardboard, tin cans,
              yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding, crockery and similar
              materials.  (Section 1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      Responsible Agency

      a.   City Health Officer

      b.   City Council

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          Franchise holder shall make its  services  available to  all
          inhabitants and may make  reasonable  charges.  (Sections 9  and  10)

          a.   Storage

              Containers  shall be water tight,  have tight-fitting covers,
              suitable handles and  be maintained  in sanitary condition
              and in good repair (Section  2)

          b.   Transportation

              All vehicles  shall be kept in  clean and  sanitary condition
              at  all times; in good and  safe operating  condition and
              protected against  spilling or  littering.
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        c.  Disposal

            Inhabitants have right to use disposal site at reasonable
            charges.  (Section 13)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to allow garbage, putrescible refuse or dead
            animals to remain undisposed for "longer than seven days.  (SectionZ)

        b.  It shall be unlawful for refuse to be placed upon any public or
            private property except in proper containers,  (Section 3)

        c.  It shall be unlawful for refuse to be placed in any body of water.
            (Section 3)

        d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to transport refuse unless it
            is in a water-tight container although imputrescible substances
            may be conveyed if adequate provision made against spillage and
            littering.  (Section 4)

        e.  It shall be unlawful for any person to permit refuse to be left
            upon streets while transporting said refuse.  (Section 5)

        f.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage or putrescible refuse.

        g.  It shall be unlawful to haul or collect refuse without a franchise.

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Franchise

        a.  City has right to grant exclusive franchise for collection and
            removal for term of up to ten years.

        b.  Council shall consider following in granting a franchise.

            (1)  knowledge of applicant of the business.

            (2)  ability to furnish required equipment and personnel.

            (3)  financial responsibility.

            (4)  capacity to idemnify city for failure to fulfill terms of
                 franchise or against any injuries sustained in performance
                 of such franchise.

            (5)  prior experience of applicant in operation of business of
                 refuse collection and disposal.

            (6)  ability of applicant to provide suitable disposal site.
                                    45

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    c.  If there is more than one qualified applicant, franchise shall
        be granted to applicant offering most favorable financial return
        to the City.

    d«  Proposed rates shall be included in application.(Section 10)

2.  Liability for Violators

    a.  When vehicles of franchise holders are not sanitary or in safe
        operating condition, the City Council may order the vehicle
        removed from service until necessary corrections made.   (Section  12)

    b.  Franchise holder will be notified of all violations, and if they
        are not: corrected within 15 days, City Council may terminate the
        franchise. (Section 15)

3.  Penalties

    Violation of this ordinance is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine
    not to exceed $100 and/or imprisonment not to exceed 50 days.
    Each violation is a separate and distinct offense.  (Section 16)

4.  Insurance

    a.  Bodily injury

        $ 50,000 - one person
        $200,000 - each accident

    b.  Property damage

        $50,000 damage to property (Section 11)
                                46

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                          ABINGTON,  PENNSYLVANIA

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance No.  774 - February 10,  1955,

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      Definitions

      Refuse - includes all solid wastes  of a community,  including
      garbage, ashes,  rubbish,  bottles,  cans  and solid market
      wastes, but  not  including body wastes,  (Section 1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1„   Responsible  Agency

          Department of Public  Health (Section 2)

      2.   Functions  and Powers

          a.  To implement and  enforce  ordinance.

          b.  To control storage, collection  and disposal of refuse.

          c.  To provide public refuse  collection and disposal system.

          d.  To approve and regulate private systems.

          e.  To adopt any necessary regulations.(Sections 2 and 10)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards  and Regulations

          a.  Owner  or occupant of premises shall be responsible for  sanitary
              condition.  (Section 5a)

          b.  Any  person responsible for  refuse on premises not served  by
              public collection system  or refuse not acceptable for collection
              shall  make arrangements with private collector who holds  a valid
              license.  (Section 5b)

          c.  Garbage, ashes and rubbish  are  acceptable for collection.  (Section 8)

          d.  Poisons, acids, explosives, infected materials, materials from
              repair or excavation,  and  solid wastes from industrial  processes
              are  not  acceptable for collection.  Also materials which  are not
              properly prepared are  not  acceptable for collection.   (Section 9)

          e.  Department of Public Health can issue regulations as  necessary
              to implement and  enforce  the provisions of  the ordinance. (Section 10)
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    2.  Prohibited Activities

        It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit or allow to be
        deposited on his premises any refuse except under the provisions
        of this ordinance. (Section 5)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Permit required to engage in business of refuse collection or
            disposal,

        b.  Permit limited to persons with proper equipment and personnel.

        c.  Department of Public Health shall issue permit upon approval of
            application.

        d.  Any person whose application was denied may request a hearing
            before the Department of Public Health,

        e.  Permits expire at the end of each calendar year and are renewable
            annually. (Section 4)

    2.  Inspection

        Department shall have power to enter at reasonable times upon
        public or private property to investigate conditions relating to
        enforcement of this ordinance.  (Section 4)

    3.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Whenever the Department determines that there has been a violation,
            it shall give notice of such alleged violation to the persons
            responsible.  Such notice shall be in writing, include statement
            of reasons, allow reasonable time for performance of any act it
            requires and be properly served.  The notice may contain an
            outline of remedial action which, if taken, will effect compliance
            and also state that unless corrections are made within a reasonable
            time, the permit may be suspended or revoked.

        b.  Any person affected by a notice may request a hearing before the
            Department.  Such request with statement of grounds therefore must
            be filed within ten days after service of the notice.  The hearing
            shall be set within ten days after the filing of the petition but
            may be postponed for a reasonable time if petitioner so requests
            and he has reasonable grounds for the request.  At the hearing,
            the petitioner shall be given an opportunity to be heard.

        C.  After such hearing, the Department shall sustain, modify or
            withdraw the notice.  If the notice is sustained or modified, it
            shall become an order.  Any notice will become an order if a
                                   48

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        petition for hearing is not filed in ten days. If the notice
        requires permit suspension or revocation, such suspension or
        revocation shall become effective if necessary corrective action
        is not taken in the specified time period.

    d.  All hearing proceeding, orders, and notices shall be put in
        writing and entered into "he public record, and any person aggrieved
        by the decision of the Departn-int may seek relief from a court
        of competent jurisdiction.

    e«  In the case of an emergency, the Department may issue an order
        without a notice or hearing.  If necessary corrective action is
        not taken, the Department may take such action as is necessary
        to protect the public health.  Such an order is effective
        immediately; all persons must corcply with the order immediately,
        but a hearing shall be afforded within three days after filing of
        the petition. (Section 6)

4.  Penalties

    Fine of not more than ten days with each day of violation being
    a separate offense.  (Section 11)

5,,  Insurance

    Adequate insurance coverage must be shown with permit application.
    (Section 4e)
                               49

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                                  TUCSON,  ARIZONA

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      "Refuse Collection and Disposal,''  - Chapter 14 of Tucson City Code.
      (Ordinance 2702)  January 18,  1965.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          This ordinance controls  collection and storage  of refuse.

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Debris  - includes  abandoned  vehicles, automobile frames, and
              left  over, superfluous,  disposable, or unwanted material
              resulting from construction, reconstruction, repair,
              demolition or clean-up  of premises, that is not trash.

          b.   Garbage - includes all  animal and vegetable wastes resulting from
              the handling, preparation, cooking, or consumption of  foods
              or other worthless offensive matter, the accumulation  of which
              may create a nuisance or be  deleterious to  public health
              or offensive to sight or smell,  that is not trash,

          C.   Refuse  - includes  all putrescible and non-putrescible  solid  wastes,
              including garbage, animal offal,  rubbish, trash, wastes,
              but not including  body  wastes or debris.

          d.   Class 1 Trash - includes all non-putrescible solid wastes such
              as cinders, ashes, wastepaper, excelsior, rags, wooden boxes,
              cardboard boxes, or paper boxes,  bottles, broken ware,  tin
              cans, metal scraps,  small mechanical parts, shavings,  floor
              sweepings (excluding dirt floors).

          e.   Class II Trash - includes all non-putrescible solid wastes
              such  as tree trimmings,  tree limbs, yard clippings, grass
              cutting,  palm fronds, weeds, shrubs, and brush.

          f.   Waste - includes unwanted or superfluous matter. (Section 14-1)

III,  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible- Agency

          Director  of Public Works  (Section 14-2)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To implement and enforce this chapter for promotion of public
              health  and safety; to regulate and control  the storage, collection
                                     50

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             and disposal of refuse; and to provide a public refuse disposal
             site or sites for refuse by establishing, maintaining, and
             operating such sites. (Section 14-2)

         be  Regular inspections of containers and receptacles by the Public
             Works Department shall be made to secure compliance with this
             chapter.  (Section 14-0)

         c.  Director may issue citations for violations of this chapter.
             (Section 14-19)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.  Each occupant or owner must provide adequate water-tight containers
             with cover and handles sufficiently strong to be emptied
             conveniently.  The maximum capacity is 32 gallons, and maximum
             weight when full is 75 pounds.  These shall ba kept in go<->d
             sanitary condition.  (Section 14-3A)

         b.  Class I trash containers shall conform to same requirements as
             garbage containers.  (Section 14-33)

         C,  Class II trash shall be placed in a neat and orderly manner near
             containers, but garbage containers need not be provided.  The
             trash may be placed in wooden or cardboard boxes.  Tree branches
             and limbs shall be cut into six-foot lengths, and trunk sections
             shall not weigh more than 75 pounds for any one section.
             (Section 14-3C)

         d.  Each commercial establishment shall have refuse containers as
             provided for residential refuse.  (Section 14-AA)

         e<  If amount of commercial refuse is excessive, large metal containers
             of a type compatible with city collection equipment and approved
             by the Director may be used.  The capacity shall be between one
             and eight cubic yards.  (Section 14-4B)

         f.  Special refuse

             (1)   All large boxes, cartons, and crates shall be collapsed.

             (2)   Ashes shall be placed in separate metal containers and soaked
                   with water where necessary.

             (3)   Explosives, caustics, acids, poisons, and medical material
                   which may be infected shall be placed in separate container
                   painted yellow.  No other container should be painted
                   yellow.  (Section 14-5)
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    g.  Body wastes shall not be placed with refuse; however, domestic pet
        wastes may be placed with refuse if it is securely wrapped.
        (Section 14-6)

    h.  Covers of containers shall be tight so that flies or other insects
        do not have access to the contents.  (Section 14-7)

    i.  Placement of containers depends on location of house - usually
        in front of premises or next to street or alley.  Containers shall
        not be permitted to remain adjacent to the street except on
        regular collection days.  (Section 14-8A)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to keep any refuse unless it is in authorized
        containers.  (Section 14-11)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any refuse on any street, alley,
        or premises unless authorized.   (Section 14-11 and 14-14)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to burn refuse in streets and alleys. Trash
        may be burned in private incinerator if permit issued by Fire
        Prevention Bureau.  No garbage  or other material which would
        create offensive, obnoxious fumes and/or odors should be burned.
        (Section 14-13)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to haul refuse unless contained in vehicle
        so constructed as to prevent falling, spillage or leaking.  Any
        refuse which has fallen while being hauled shall be immediately
        replaced.  (Section 14-13)

    e.  It shall be unlawful for any unauthorized person to remove the
        cover of a container to look for material.  (Section 14-14)

    f.  It shall be unlawful to use another person's containers without
        that person's permission.  (Section 14-15)

    g.  It shall be unlawful to permit  accumulation of weeds, garbage,
        trash, or other refuse on the premises.  (Section 14-16)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Permits

2.  Inspection Procedure

        The Public Works Department may make regular inspections of
        garbage containers and trash receptacles.  Commercial establishments
        may be entered to accomplish this.

3.  Liability for Violators

    a.  If violations of container regulations are not corrected within
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        15 days after notice, the Director may impound the defective
        containers and collect from the owner or occupant the costs of
        Impounding.  (Section 14-9)

    b.  If violations of requirement to remove refuse continue  15 days
        after notice, the Director may remove such refuse at the expense
        of violators.  (Section 14-17 and 14-18)

    c.  The Director may issue citations for violations of the  chapter.
        (Section 14-19)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  If violations of container regulations are noticed, notice shall
        be given by attaching notice marked c'condemned'' to defective
        containers. (Section 14-9) See Section V 3a.

    b.  Notice for violation of accumulation of refuse may be given by
        either personal service, written notice (by registered  mail to
        last known address) or placing notice on conspicuous place on
        premises.   (Section 14-18)  See Section V,3b.

    c.  If the Director causes refuse to be removed, a verified statement
        of costs shall be mailed to the violators who shall be  held
        for the payment of such costs.

5.  Penalties

    Any violation may be punished by imprisonment not to exceed six
    months or fine not to exceed $300.00 or both.  Every day of
    violation shall constitute a separate offense.  (Section 4,
    Ordinance 2702)
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                           BLUFFTON, INDIANA
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE
     Disposal of Garbage and Rubbish - Ordinance No. 388
     July 13, 1966.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Declaration of Policy

         An ordinance regulating the public disposal of garbage and rubbish
         on any land within city limits, requiring permits and providing
         penalties for violations thereof.

     2.  Definitions

         a.  Garbage - includes rejected food wastes including every waste
             accumulation of animal, fruit, or vegetable matter used or
             intended for food or that attends the preparation, use,
             cooking, dealing in, or storing of meat, fish, fowl, fruit
             or vegetables.  (Article 1, Section 101)

         b.  Rubbish - includes ashes, cans, metalware, broken glass, crockery,
             dirt sweepings, boxes, wood, grass, weeds, or litter or any
             kind, (Section 102)

         c.  Public Disposal - includes disposal of garbage and rubbish which
             has been removed from premises used, owned, or leased by
             one or more persons, firms, corporations or associations,
             and transported to other premises and disposed either with
             or without the payment of a fee.  (Section 103)

         d.  Sanitary Landfill — a method of disposing of refuse on land without
             creating nuisances or hazards  to public health or safety, by
             utilizing principles of engineering to confine the refuse
             to the smallest practical area, to reduce it to the
             smallest practical volume, and to cover it with a layer of
             suitable cover at the conclusion of each day's operation or
             at more frequent intervals as  necessary,  (Section 104)

         e.  Ground Water - water in the ground that is in the zone of
             saturation.  (Section 108)

         f.  Surface Water - water whose top surface is exposed to the
             atmosphere including a flowing body as well as a pond and
             a lake,  (Section 112)

         g.  Salvaging - controlled removal of reusable materials. (Section 110)
                                    54

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          hc  Scavenging - uncontrolled picking of materials.   (Section  111)

          i.  Hazardous Material - includes, but not limited to, explosives,
              pathological wastes, radioactive materials and chemicals.
              (Section 112)

          j e,  Refuse — includes any combination of garbage and  rubbish.
              (Section 113)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Wells County Health Officer  (Section 105)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue permits to engage in public disposal and also power
              to temporarily suspend.  (Section 201)

          b*  To review plans and specifications for new dump sites.   (Section 204;

          Ce  To inspect at least once a month each garbage and rubbish  disposal
              site and report all violations.  (Section 301 and 415)

          d.  To issue permits to operate disposal site which is subject to
              approval by health officer after inspection.  (Section 401)

          e.  To enforce this ordinance.   (Section 501)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Prohibited Activities

          It shall he unlawful for any person to engage in public disposal
          of garbage or rubbish who does  not possess an unrevoked permit
          from the health officer.  (Section 201)

      2.  Approved Operations of Facilities  (Article 4)

          a.  Each site shall be inspected at least once a month.  If a violation
              is discovered, a second inspection is made after sufficient time
              to remedy the defect.  If the defect still exists, permit shall
              be suspended or revoked.  (Section 301)

          b.  Sanitary landfills shall be designed and operated so that pollution
              will not be created and injury to ground and surface waters
              avoided which might interfere with legitimate water uses.
              (Section 420)

          Ce  All materials considered food for rodents and insects including
              tin cans and other receptacles for food, shall be disposed of
              daily in a sanitary manner, by a sanitary landfill.  (Section 403)
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        d.  Salvaging, if permitted by operator, shall be organized so as not
            to interfere with prompt sanitary disposal of refuse or create
            unsightliness or health hazards.  Scavenging is not permitted.
            (Section 404)

        e.  No garbage or rubbish containing garbage may be burned at a sanitary
            landfill.   Burning of select materials shall be severely restricted
            to designated areas and only with permission of health officer.
            These materials may only be combustible rubbish, completely devoid
            of garbage.  (Section 405)

        f.  All persons engaged in disposal by sanitary landfill shall have
            available  at all times earth-moving equipment of adequate size
            and capacity to satisfactorily operate such sanitary landfill.
            An all-weather road shall be provided to the trench or sanitary
            landfill site.  (Section 406)

        g.  There shall be no garbage available for animal consumption at any
            public garbage and rubbish disposal site.  (Section 407)

        1.  The entire site shall be graded and provided with drainage
            facilities to minimize runoff, prevent erosion, and prevent
            collection of standing water.  (Section 410)

        j„  Measures shall be provided to control dust and blowing paper.
            Entire area shall be kept clean and orderly.  (Section 411)

        k.  All modifications of rules shall be in writing from the health
            officer.  (Section 412)

        1.  Garbage and rubbish shall be spread so it can be compacted in
            layers not exceeding depth of two feet of compacted material.
            (Section 413)

        nu  Layer of suitable cover material compacted to at least two feet
            in thickness shall be placed over each portion not later than one
            week after final placement of-refuse.  (Section 414)

        tu  Any other method of solid waste disposal not covered by these
            rules shall be reviewed by Health Department with reference to
            nuisance factor, safety of employees and protection of public
            health.  (Section 416)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1,  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Permits shall be issued by health officer.  (Section 201)

        b«  Prior to issuance of permit, detailed plans and specifications
            shall be submitted and approved.  (Section 204 and 401)
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2.  Inspection Procedure

    Health officer shall inspect each site at least once a month.
    (Section 301)

3.  Liability for Violators

    Infestation of rodents and insects on -premises of a public disposal
    site shall constitute a violation of this ordinance.   (Section 408)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Permit may be temporarily suspended by the health officer upon
        violation of any of the terms of this ordinance, or revoked
        after an opportunity for a hearing by the health officer upon
        serious or repeated violations.  (Section 408)

    b«,  If after monthly inspection, a violation is noticed, the health
        officer should give notice of the defect.  A second inspection
        will be held after sufficient time to remedy the defect.  If the
        defect still exists, the permit shall be suspended or revoked.
        (Section 301)

    c.  Enforcement of this ordinance shall be by health officer.
        (Section 501)

    d.  It is duty of city attorney to commence proceedings against the
        persons against whom the health officer has reported violations.
        (Section 501)

5,  Penalties

    Fine of up to $300 to which up to 90 days of imprisonment may be
    added.  Each day is a separate and distinct offense.  (Section 601)
                                 57

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                             CHESTERFIELD  TOWNSHIP, MICHIGAN

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chesterfield Township Landfill  Ordinance - November 18, 1967.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          The purpose of this Ordinance  is to preserve the public health,
          safety and welfare by prevention of nuisances and hazards  resulting
          from the creation of hazardous or noxious  conditions.   (Section 2)

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Non-putrescible materials  - includes waste discards, dry rubbish,
              cardboard, wood, lumber, paper products, brick, concrete,
              steel shavings, metal,  plastics, leather, manufactured
              materials not including oil, petroleum products, paint,
              liquid chemicals or paint  sludges.

          b.   Putrescible materials - include garbage, produce,  food products,
              fruit, vegetables, chemicals, oil, petroleum products,
              paints, liquid chemicals and paint sludge.

          c.   Mean grade - arithmetic average of elevations of points on the
              plot plan that will result upon completion of the proposed
              operation for which the permit is issued.

          d.   Finish grade - includes those earth elevations  established and
              delineated on the plot  plan that will  result upon completion
              of the proposed operation  for which the permit  is  issued.

          e.   Existing grade - includes  the various  elevations of the surface
              of the land as it actually exists upon the site. (Section 4)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Ordinance enforced by the Township Supervisor.  (Section 3A)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To issue permits after  hearing before  Planning Commission.
              (Section 4D, 5B1, and  5C1)

          b.   To inspect landfill (Section
                                     58

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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     t.   Prohibited Activities

         It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit any materials upon
         the land without a permit.   (Section 5A)

     2.   Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

         a.  No landfills if it will cause a nuisance,  hazard to public safety,
             flood damage, depletion of Flood Plain District and resulting
             reduction of highway containment, significant reduction of
             nearby property values, or pollution of water.  (Section 6A)

         b.  Hours of operation allowed only between 7:00 a.m.  and 7:00 p.m.
             (Section 6B1)

         c.  All unpaved roads shall be regularly chlorinated,  and all public
             access roads shall be kept free of debris, (Sections 6B2 and 6B3)

         d«  Premises shall be regularly graded to prevent collection of
             standing water.  (Section 6B5)

         e.  On completion of fill,finished grade shall be composed of and
             provide a minimum of one foot of earth materials of such quality
             to be capable of growing turf, vegetation  of crops.

         f.  For non-putrescible landfills, plans and method of operation
             shall be approved by State Health Commissioner and proper license
             issued.  All fill materials shall be covered each  day with
             sufficient earth materials to prevent emission of  odors or
             vapors.  (Section 6D)

         g.  For putrescible landfills, entire premises shall be completely
             enclosed by fence at least six feet in height which shall be
             kept in good condition  and removed at completion of the operation.
             (Section 6E)

 V.   ENFORCEMENT

     1.   Requirements for Permits

         a.  Written application shall be made to Township Board.  (Sections
             5B1 and 5D)

         be  Application shall be accompanied by detailed plot  plan.

     2,   Inspection Procedure

         Operators of fills shall consent to reasonable inspection by duly
         authorized personnel without prior notice.   (Section 6B6)
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3.  Liability for Violators

    a.  A violation of any provision is a misdemeanor.  (Section 7A)

    b.  Any excavations or removal of earthen materials in violation of
        this ordinance is declared to be a nuisance per se.  (Section 7B)

A,  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Planning Commission will hold public hearings on permit application
        after giving public notice of hearing.  (Section 5C1)

    b.  Commission shall consider effect of proposed fill on adjoining
        general vicinity; charter and use of adjoining lands; depth of
        water table; availability and adequacy of surface water; period
        of time of operation; avenues of ingress and egress; proposed
        hours of operation; xjhether perimeter fencing is needed; and any
        other appropriate factors.  (Section 5C2)

    c.  Permits may be suspended for up to 21 days for violating ordinance
        but must consider case at next regular meeting to decide if it
        is to be reinstated, suspended further or revoked.   (Section 4E)

5.  Penalties

    Upon conviction, person shall be subject to fine of up to $100
    or up to 90 days in jail or both.  Each day of violation is a
    separate and distinct offense.  (Section 7A)

6.  Performance Bonds

    When permit is issued, a performance bond must be posted.  Amount
    is to be determined by Township Board. (Sections 4D and 6B7)

7.  Injunctive Powers

    Any continuing violation of the ordinance may be enjoined by a
    Court of competent jurisdiction.  (Section 7)
                                 60

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                            IRONDEQUOIT, NEW YORK

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance Regulating the Operation of Refuse Disposal Areas
      June 7, 1962.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          To regulate the operation of refuse disposal areas known as
          sanitary landfill sites and to prohibit the dumping of refuse
          except at  such sites.  To prohibit operation of refuse disposal
          areas except with consent of Town Board.  (Section 1)

      2.   Definitions

          a.  Refuse - includes garbage, trash, rubbish and similar materials.

          bo  Dispose - dump,  deposit, throw, throw away by a person or by
              another with the consent or approval, active or passive,
              of a person in a position to control or prevent it.

          c.  Sanitary landfill - disposal area conducted in compliance with
              prescribed regulations.  (Section 2)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency
          Town Board  (Section 3)

      2.   Powers and Functions

          a.  To issue permits  (Sections 3 and 4)

          b.  To revoke permits  (Section 7f)

          c.  To maintain action against person to impel compliance or restrain
              by injunction,  (Section 7c)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Prohibited Activities

          a.  It shall be unlawful  for any person to  dispose of any refuse on
              any land or site unless such land had been approved as a sanitary
              landfill area.  (Section 3)

          b«  It shall be unlawful  to burn or allow burning of  any refuse
              or other material at  a sanitary landfill site. (Section 6e)
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        c.  It shall  be unlawful to scavenge or allow scavenging at a sanitary
            landfill site.  (Section 6f)

    2.  Operations of Solid Waste Facility

        a.  Closing hour of landfill shall be early enough to allow for
            complete covering of all refuse delivered for disposal during
            the day.  (Section 5b)

        b.  All refuse delivered in a single day shall be delivered at one
            designated location in the landfill area.  (Section 5c)

        c.  The deposited refuse shall be smoothed out by earth moving equipment
            until all objects are crushed and entire mass is blended.  Then a
            cover compact of at least six inches in thickness shall uniformly
            and completely cover the refuse at the end of each day's operation.
            When an area has been completely filled, a final layer of soil
            fill at least two feet thick shall be uniformly placed over
            entire area.  (Section 5d)

        d.  There shall be no burning or scavenging at the sanitary landfill
            site.  (Section 5c and 5f)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        Application shall be made to Town Board with applicant stating
        background and plans for operation of sanitary landfill.  A
        statement from a civil engineer shall be enclosed stating that
        soil on proposed site is adequate, that general drainage pattern
        will not be affected; and that water will not become polluted.
        (Section 4)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        Any peace officer, town clerk, or Town Board member may inspect
        any landfill site to check for compliance with regulations.
        (Section 6i)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        Any one who violates the provisions of this Ordinance shall be
        deemed to have committed an offense.  Each day of said violation
        Is a separate and distinct offense.  (Section 7a)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Upon application for a permit the Town Board shall hold a public
            meeting after reasonable public notice to decide whether or
            not to grant said permit.   (Section 4)
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    b.  The Town Board may revoke any permit after a public hearing in
        which the operator shall have an opportunity to be heard.  (Section 7f)

5.  Penalties

    a.  Anyone violating this Ordinance shall be subject to a fine of no
        more than $100 or imprisonment _for not more than 30 days or both.
        (Section 7b)

    b.  Anyone violating this Ordinance shall be subject to a civil
        penalty of $100 for each offense.  (Section 7d)

    c«  Conviction of violation shall constitute and effect an immediate
        forfeiture of the license.  (Section 7c)

6.  Performance Bonds

    Each operator shall deposit a bond in an amount to be determined
    by the Town Board to ensure completion of performance.

7.  Injunctive Powers

    Town Board can ask for injunction to prevent violation of this
    Ordinance.
                               63

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                            OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance No.  11,700 - July 11, 1967.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1«  Declaration of Policy

          For the protection of the public safety, health, and welfare of
          the City of Oklahona City, the operation of sanitary landfills
          shall be regulated in accordance with the provisions of this
          Ordinance.   (Section 1)

      2.  Definitions

          a.   Sanitary landfill - the method of disposal wherein accumulations
              of refuse are thoroughly compacted and covered daily.

          b.   Refuse  - includes all waste material, including waste material of
              animal, vegetable and mineral composition, subject to com-
              bustion, putrification shall include waste metal and glass,
              but shall not include common earth, rock or rock aggregate
              compounds.

          c.   Disposal Site • the location where any final treatment, utilization,
              processing or depositing of solid waste occurs.

          d.   Salvage - includes reclaimable solid waste, such as paper, metal,
              bottles, or other sinilar objects, saved for the purpose of
              sale,

          e.   Scavenge - The removal of salvage itens fron the refuse disposal
              sites,  other than where the normal salvage operation is
              taking  place, by personnel not employed by the landfill
              operator.  (Section 2)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Director of Health Department  (Section 2)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To issue permits-  (Section 3)

          b.   To inspect completed landfill site before operations begin.
              (Section 6)                                    "  •

          c.   To inspect all landfill sites during operations.   (Section 9)
                                        64

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         d.  To inspect all landfill sites after completion and one year
             thereafter.  (Section 7v)

         e.  To revoke permits.  (Section 9b)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         If there is contact of refuse with ground water table, owner
         shall have tests done by qualified laboratory semi-annually to
         see if water being contaminated beyond pollution standards.
         (Section 8)

     2.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities

         a.  Location cannot be within 600 feet of any property zoned and
             occupied for residential purposes, churches or schools unless
             written permission from those who own such property.   (Section 7a)

         b.  Failure to comply with this Ordinance results in forfeiture of
             bond.  (Section 7b)

         c.  Equipment shall be maintained on site in good working conditions.
             (Section 7c)

         d.  All weather access roads to site and loading area shall be provided.
             (Section 7d)

         e.  Access to site shall be limited to authorized personnel by means
             of fences and a locked gate.  Hours of operations shall be
             posted.  (Section 7e)

         f.  Adequate and sanitary shelter for personnel along with drinking
             water, toilet facilities etc. shall be provided on the site.
             (Section 7f)

         g.  There shall be a good operating communications system at the site
             plus adequate water or nearby fire department in case of fire.
             (Section 7g)

         h.  There shall be adequate drainage to minimize runoff into fill
             and prevent erosion of the fill.  Surface of fill shall be smooth
             and grade to minimum slope of one to 100.  Maximum slope of sides
             and top shall be one to two.  (Section 7h)

         i.  No domestic animals shall be permitted at the site.  (Section 7iO

         j.  Unloading of refuse shall be in clearly marked area with attendant
             on duty to direct it.  There shall be some type of barrier to
             prevent scattering of material and area shall be cleaned up daily
             of such materials.  (Section 7j)
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        k.   Sewage  solids,  liquids  and  other  similar  or hazardous  materials
            may  be  disposed of  at  site  only if  procedure  approved  by  Director
            of Health  Department.   (Section 7k)

        1.   There shall  be  separate unloading area for bulky  items.   (Section 4e)

        m.   All  burning  is  prohibited at  site.   (Section  7m)

        n.   Salvaging  is permitted  if materials  kept  at place not  observable
            from road  or residences.  Scavenging is prohibited.   (Section  7n)

        o.   Individual lifts shall  be no  greater than eight feet in depth,
            but  each compacted  layer shall not  exceed two feet in  depth.
            (Section 7o)

        p.   Cover material  shall be ''sandy loam'* or of  such character as  to
            provide a  light seal,  not crack excessively when  dry and  free  of
            putrescible  materials  and large objects.   (Section 7p)

        q.   A daily cover of at least six inches shall be placed on all
            refuse  expand at the end of the day,  (Section 7q)

        r.   In all  but final lift,  an intermediate cover  compacted to maximum
            depth of one foot shall be  placed daily on all surfaces of the
            position of  the lift that has been  completed  except those lifts
            in which operations will continue the next day.   Weekly inspections
            of the  intermediate cover shall be  made and all cracked,  eroded
            and  uneven areas repaired.   (Section 7r)

        3.   A final cover compacted to  at least two feet  in depth  shall be
            placed  over each position of final  lift within one week after
            completion of placement of  refuse.  Monthly inspections shall be
            made and all cracked,  eroded, and uneven  areas repaired.   (Section 7s)

        t.   Whenever required by Health Director, all site operators  shall
            institute  vector control and d~ust control methods.  (Sections  7t  & 7u)

        u.   There shall be  inspections  at completion  of operations and one
            year later,  and operation shall make all  necessary repairs.
            (Section 7u)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits,  etc.

        a.   Permit  from Director of Health  is necessary  to operate sanitary
            landfill site.   (Section 3)

        b.   Written application, along  with maintenance bond  and engineering
            report  signed by licensed engineer  shall  be presented  to  Director.
            Report  shall include:
                                   66

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        (1)   A plan approved by Director ot Planning and Director of Public
              Works showing location, all utilities, access roads, fences,
              and contain a map and description of all prominent topography.

        (2)   Engineering evaluation covering proposed method of operation
              including plans for filling of site, equipment to be used,
              estimate of duration ol operations and finished contours,
              salvaging methods if it is to be allowed and soil report with
              all pertinent data.

2.  Inspection Procedures

    a.  Upon completion of construction of site and prior to operation,
        Director of Health Department shall inspect site and decide if
        any corrective measures necessary.  (Section 6)

    b.  Director may make any reasonable inspections during operation of
        site to see if standards are being complied with.  (Section
    c.  Upon completion of operations and again one year later, the
        Director snail inspect the site and order any corrective measures
        he feels are needed.  (Section 7v)

3.  Liability for Violators

    a*  After construction and prior to operation, if necessary corrective
        measures ordered after inspections are not made, the maintenance
        bond may be forfeited.  (Section 6)

    0.  Permit may be reovked if order not complied with and no appeal
        made.  (Section 9b)

    c.  If the Solid Wastes Board of Review and Appeal's orders are not
        complied with, the Board shall recommend to City Council that
        bond be forfeited and site operations abated as a public nuisance.
        (Section 9f)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  If as a result of inspections, the Director of Health Department
        determines that Ordinance is being violated, he shall give notice
        by certified mail to operator of site giving in detail the sections
        of Ordinances being violated, what needs to be done to correct
        them and a reasonable time limit  to do so or appeal the order.
        If order not complied with and no appeal made within time limit,
        Director shall revoke permit.

    b»  Solid Wastes Board of Review and Appeal established to provide for
        reasonable interpretation of this Ordinance.  There are five
        members, with at least one registered civil engineer and one
        practicing physician.  Board has jurisdiction to hear and determine
                                 67

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        in accordance with standards of this Ordinance any appeal brought
        before it.  It shall have the power to sustain, rescind or
        modify any order and issue any other order it finds warranted
        by the. evidence.

    ,c«  Hearings shall be public, and any person may request such a hearing
        on or before last day allowed by order or if not time provided,
        within 20 days after service of. order.  Hearing shall be at least
        ten days after request, and until hearing held all legal proceedings
        and Isindfill operations shall be halted.

    d.  When reinspection shows continuing violation or when appeal from
        order is rejected, then Board shall immediately recommend to City
        Council that the bond be forfeited and all site operations
        abated as a public nuisance.  (Section 9)

5.  Penalties

    Any person who violates this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of
    an offense and upon conviction be fined not more than $19 plus $1
    in addition to any and all other penalties provided by law.  Each
    day's violation is a separate offense.  (Section 10)

6.  Performance Bonds

    Maintenance Bond shall be equal to $200 per acre of landfill site
    and shall be kept in full force and effect for one year following
    completion of operations at the site.
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                               FAIRBANKS, ALASKA

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Article II.  Collection of Garbage, Fairbanks Code - Ordinance No. 1069
      March 10, 1961.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      t.  Definitions

          a,.  Garbage - includes animal or vegetable wastes which arise from the
              use, preparation, or storage of food for human consumption,
              not including wastes from industrial processes and manufacturing
              operations.

          b«  Rubbish - includes nonputrescible material from residential,
              commercial, and institutional property such as paper, cartons,
              boxes,  barrels, wood excelsior, bedding, furniture, metal,
              tin cans, dirt, glass, crockery, and miscellaneous mineral
              refuse  not including gravel, sand, earth, building material,
              industrial wastes, and yard and tree trimmings.

          Cc  Ashes — Residue from fires used for cooking and for heating
              buildings.  (Section 12.201)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      tc  Responsible Agency

          City Health Officer and City Manager

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue refuse collector's license. (Section 12.203)

          b«  To make rules and regulations relative to the collection, storage
              and disposal of waste matters.  (Section 12.208)

          c.  To investigate all complaints.  (Section 12.210a)

          d.  To periodically inspect the manner in which garbage and rubbish
              is being collected and disposed of and to initiate necessary
              enforcement action.  (Section 12.210b)

          e.  To submit to the City Council a summary report on the status of
              garbage accumulation, handling and disposal.   (Section 12.210d)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1*  Standards and Regulations
                                     69

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        a.  All persons shall dispose of garbage, rubbish and ashes through
            the regular services of a licensed refuse collector.  (Section 12.202a)
            Any person desiring to dispose of garbage, rubbish or ashes may
            be granted an exemption.  (Section 12.202b)

        b.  Garbage shall be kept in a metal receptacle with a tight-fitting
            cover.  (Section 12.204a)

        c.  Garbage receptacles shall be of not more than 30 gallon capacity
            and shall not project from the lot line more than three feet.
            (Section 12.204b)

        d«  Every person shall maintain premises in a clean and sanitary
            condition,  (Section 12.204c)

        e.  Every owner shall provide containers which are strong, watertight,
            not easily corrodible, rodent proof and insect proof.  Each
            container shall be kept in a place reasonably accessible to the
            collector,,  (Section 12.20 Ad)

        f.  Garbage shall be transported in a covered, watertight, and drip-
            proof vehicle equipped with a metal box with welded seams.
            Garbage hauling vehicles shall be thoroughly washed or treated
            daily.  No person shall operate a garbage truck within the business
            district between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. of each
            day.  (Section 12.205)

        g.  The city council may award contracts for garbage collection and
            disposal.  (Section 12.206c)

        h.  The city shall provide and maintain dumping areas.   (Section 12.209)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to keep any garbage, rubbish, burned lumber, etc.,
            upon any street or any other grounds.   (Section 12.204e)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  No person shall operate as a refuse collector without first
            obtaining a license.  (Section 12.203a)

        b.  The fee shall be as provided by section 1.115,and the license shall
            be for the duration of five years.  (Section 12.203b)

        c.  The license is nontransferable.  (Section 12.203J)

    2.  Inspection Procedure
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    The city health officer shall periodically inspect the manner in
    which any licensee is collecting, hauling and disposing of garbage
    and rubbish.  Upon failure to correct any violation, he shall
    initiate necessary legal action.  (Section 12.210b & c)

3.  Liability for Violators

    A license may be temporarily suspended or permanently revoked for
    violation of any provisions of this article.  (Section 12.203)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    The city council shall give due notice to the licensee, and shall
    hold a. public hearing, before suspending or revoking a license.
    (Section 12.203i)

5.  Insurance

    The applicant for a refuse collector's license shall submit
    copies of insurance policies covering not less than $50,000 per
    one person,  minimum of $100,000 for all persons, and $25,000 for
    property damage.  (Section 12.203e)
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                           FREMONT,  CALIFORNIA

[.   NAME  OF  ORDINANCE

    Chapter  2  of  Title  IV  (Sanitation  and Health)  of  the  Fremont Municipal
    Code,  as amended, Ordinance No.  689, December  10,  1968,

t.   GENERAL  STATEMENT

    T.  Declaration  of  Policy

       It is  in  the public interest that the  accumulation,  preparation,
       storage,  collection, transportation, and disposal  of garbage,
       rubbish and  refuse  be handled  in such  a manner so  as to  prohibit
       the  harboring and breeding of  rodents  and  insects, to reduce
       pollution of the air caused  by burning, fermentation, or
       purification of such materials, to prevent  the spread of
       disease,  to  reduce  the hazards of fire, values and the comfortable
       enjoyment of life.   (Section 4-2101)

    2.  Definitions

       a.   Commercial  garbage -  includes garbage  collected  or saved  for
            purposes of hog or animal  feeding, or  commercial reduction
            for fats, tallow, fertilizer, or other products, by  canneries,
            packinghouses,  or sheds, markets,  hotels,  butcher shops,
            hospitals,  and  similar institutions and  establishments where
            large quantitites of  salvable garbage  are  produced.

       b.   Garbage  - includes the putrescible animal, fish, fruit, or  vegetable
            refuse,  or  any  thereof,  resulting  from the preparation,
            storage, handling, or consumption  of foods.

       Co   Industrial  waste - includes all liquid or  solid  waste substances,
            except sewage,  from any  producing, manufacturing, or processing,
            business operation.

       d.   Refuse — includes all putrescible  and  non-putrescible solid and
            liquid wastes  (including manure and dead animals) resulting
            from  the feeding of commercial garbage,  and garbage, or
            either thereof, to hogs, or other  animals.  Such materials
            may or may  not  be salvable.

       e*   Rubbish  — includes all non-putrescible refuse.

       f«   Waste -  includes the  useless, unused,  unwanted,  or discarded
            materials resulting from normal community  activities, or
            materials which by their presence  may  injuriously affect
            the health, safety, and  comfort of persons and depreciate
            property values in the vicinity thereof.
                                   72

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          g.   Animal feeding yard — the premises  or site  where the feeding to
              three or more animals,  other  than hogs,  of  garbage not
              produced on such premises or  site,  except an animal feeding
              yard or hog farm as herein defined,  is permitted or occurs.

          h.   Disposal site - the premises  or  site where  the disposal of  waste,
              refuse, garbage, rubbish, industrial waste, commercial
              garbage, or refuse garbage, or any  thereof, not produced on
              such premises or site,  except an animal  yard or hog farm
              as  herein defined, is permitted  or  occurs.

          i.   Hog farm - the premises or site  where the feeding to three  or more
              hogs of garbage or commercial garbage not produced on such
              premises or site is permitted or occurs,

          j.   Pollution - an impairment of  the quality of the waters of the state
              by  sewage, refuse, garbage, or industrial waste, to a degree
              which does not create an actual  hazard to the public health
              but which does adversely and  unreasonably affect such waters
              for domestic, industrial, agricultural,  navigational,
              recreational, or other  beneficial use.   (Section 4-2103)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Health  Officer

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To  issue licenses  and permits for collection of refuse.
              (Section 4-2301)

          b.   To  issue licenses  and permits to operate disposal site.
              (Section 4-2402)

          c.   To  enforce and administer all provisions of this chapter.
              (Section 4-2800)

 IV,   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

         •a.   All garbage shall  be kept in  receptacles or containers.
              (Section 4-2200)

          b.   Every one shall provide watertight noncorrosive receptacles,
              which shall be kept in  a clean and sanitary condition  at  all
              times.   Such receptacles shall be of not less  than 10  gallons nor
              more than 30 gallons, and shall  not  exceed  75  pounds.   They shall
              be  proof against access by flies, rodents,  and animals.
              (Section 4-2201)
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    c.   All garbage receptacles  shall be located in readily accessible
        places.   (Section 4-2202)

    d.   All garbage shall be collected at least once each week.
        (Section 4-2206)

    e.   All commercial garbage shall be collected within 24 hours.
        (Section 4-2207)

    f.   Garbage, rubbish, and refuse may be disposed of by grinding and
        discharge into a  sanitary  sewage system, feeding to animals,
        incineration or burning, composting, burial, reduction or salvage.
        (Section 4-2400)

    g.   The city council  shall prescribe other requirements of not  more
        onerous  application with respect to the preparation, storage,
        collection, transportation or disposal of waste.  (Section  4-2500)

    h.   Every dangerous or unsanitary condition is a nuisance and may  be
        abated by the health officer.  (Section 4-2700)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.   It shall be unlawful to collect garbage without contract.
        (Section 4-2300)

    b.   It shall be unlawful to dump waste except upon premises where
        disposal of such  waste is  authroized by a license and permit.
        (Section 4-2401)

    c.   It shall be unlawful to operate any premises as a hog farm.
        (Section 4-2406.5)

3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities -Sanitary Landfill

    a.   A minimum six inch seal shall be deposited over the top and sides
        of the dumped material by the end of each day's operation.

    b.   No open fires or  burning of any types shall be permitted at the
        disposal site.

    c.   Feeding of animals at the disposal site will not be permitted
        unless authorized by separate permit.

    d.   A representative  of the permittee shall be present during dumping
        and covering operations.

    e.   Toilet facilities shall be provided on the premises.

    f.   A fence shall be  maintained at all times and its gates shall be
        locked when not in operation.
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        g.  Salvaged material shall be removed from the premises weekly, or
            stored in such a manner as to prevent rodent harborage or
            breeding of insects, or to constitute a fire hazard.

        h.  Suitable methods shall be used to minimize dust.

        i.  Water and equipment for fire fighting purposes shall be provided.

        j.  An approved sanitary drinking water supply shall be provided.

        k.  Drainage control measures shall be taken.

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirements for Permits

        a.  No person shall transport any garbage unless an effective license
            or permit has been issued by the health officer.  (Section 4-2301)

        b.  Any person desiring to operate any premises as a disposal site
            shall file an annual application for a license and permit,
            accompanied by a fee of $50 together with an annual inspection
            fee of $225.  (Section 4-2402)

        c.  Any person desiring to operate an animal feeding yard shall file
            an application for a license and permit, accompanied by a fee of
            $20 together with an annual inspection fee of $50.  (Section 4-2407)

    2.   Inspection Procedure

        a.  The health officer, the fire chief, and the chief building
            inspector are authorized to make such inspections as may be
            required to enforce the provisions of this chapter.   (Section 4-2801)

        b.  For purposes of inspection, the health officer may enter any
            premises to inspect the same.  (Section 4-2802)

    3.   Liability for Violators

        a.  The permit and the license shall be subject to revocation, after
            notice and hearing, for failure to comply with the requirements
            of this article or with the conditions of such permit or license.
            (Section 4-2309)

        b.  The violation of any provisions of this article shall constitute
            a breach of contract.   (Section 4-2310)

    4.   Administrative Proceedings

        a.  The city council shall hold a public hearing to determine under
            what conditions and to what extent a variance from the requirements
            of this chapter is necessary and will be permitted.  (Section 4-2502)
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    be  Within 30 days after the receipt from the health officer for
        a public hearing, the city council shall hold such a hearing.
        (Section 4-2602)

    c*  In the event of failure of the licensee to appear at the hearing,
        the city council may revoke the license and permit.  (Section 4-2605)

    d.  The health officer may serve a notice to abate dangerous or
        unsanitary condition.  At the time and place specified in the
        notice for hearing, the city council shall hear and pass upon
        objections and protests.  Upon completion of the abatement of
        dangerous or unsanitary condition, the health officer shall
        cause notice of cost of abatement. (Sections 4-2701,4-2704, and
        4-2706)

    Injunctive Powers

    The violation of any provisions of this chapter shall also be
    deemed a nuisance, and civil action to abate, enjoin or otherwise
    compel the cessation of such nuisance may be taken by the city
    attorney.  (Section 4-2803)
6.  Lien
    The cost of abatement may be assessed by the city council against
    the parcel of property upon which the dangerous or unsanitary
    condition was abated.  Such cost so assessed, if not paid within
    five days after its confirmation by the city council, shall
    constitute a special assessment against the parcel or property
    and shall be a lien on such property.  (Section 4-2708)
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                               FRESNO,  CALIFORNIA

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Waste Disposal Ordinance, Fresno  Municipal Code,  Sections 9-401
      through 9-411  amended through Ordinance No.  70-7  dated January 29,  1970.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.  Mixed  waste - includes waste materials of all kinds other than
              human  and animal excrement and earth,  and also includes,
              but is not limited to, garbage, rubbish,  waste,  waste
              products and refuse.

          b.  Residential rubbish - includes mixed waste which is normally
              produced at and discarded from a dwelling,but does not
              include liquids, food wastes,  food containers or wrappers,
              or animal bodies or parts.  (Section 9-402)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Works   (Section 9-402a)

      2.   Functions  and Powers

          a.  To make any rules and regulations which are  not  inconsistent
              with provisions of this article which  he  feels may be necessary.
              (Section 9-406)

          b.  To determine when material may be salvaged by the city.
              (Section 9-407)

          c.  To determine when private collection is necessary. (Section 9-407)

          d.  To investigate permit applications and recommend granting or
              denying issuance of permits.   (Section 9-408f)

          e»  To impose conditions  on issuance of  permits  calculated to eliminate
              dust,  scattered materials, etc.   (Section 9-408f)

          f.  To make rules regarding identification of private collectors and
              their  equipment.   (Section 9-408g)

          g.  To require private collectors  to keep  such records as he  deems
              necessary.   (Section  9-408h)

          h.  To revoke any permit  after violation has  occurred. (Section 9-4081)
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SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

1.   Standards and Regulations

    a.  All persons occupying or having charge of any place where waste
        accumulates shall cause same to be removed or disposed of at
        least twice a week (once a week for residential garbage)  except
        from November through April when once a week is sufficient.
        (Sections 9-404b and 9-405e)

    b.  With the exception of disposable residential rubbish boxes all
        containers shall be either of 20 or 30-gallon capacity.  All bins
        shall be covered, be of one to six cubic yard capacity and shall
        be designed to be moved by mechanical equipment.  (Section 9—403c
        and Section 9-403e)

    c«  All mixed waste shall be placed in covered containers except
        residential waste which may be placed in disposable cardboard
        boxes.  Paper products and limbs may be securely tied in bundles
        not exceeding four feet in length and 18 inches in diameter.
        [Section 9-404c (1) (3)]

    d.  Each place or premise shall be provided with sufficient containers
        to store normal accumulation waste. [Section 9-404c (5)]

    e.  Residential rubbish shall be placed in alley at rear of premises
        or, if no alley exists, at curb in front of premises.
        [Section 9-404c (8)]

    f.  Mixed waste from commercial establishment may be placed in bins
        at the alley.  If no alley exists, waste shall be positioned at
        place to be determined by the Director.  (Section 9-409d)

    g.  Waste and rubbish collection charges are to be set by the Ordinance
        (Section 9-405), and payment of all fees shall be due and payable
        in advance.  (Section 9-411)

    h.  All private collectors shall keep such records as the Director may
        require.  (Section 9-4081)

2.   Prohibited Activities

    a.  No waste container, box, or bundle except bins may weigh more
        than 70 pounds. [Section 9-404c (4)]

    b.  No mixed waste may be deposited in waste containers of any other
        pre-nise.  [Section 9-404c (4)]

    c.  No mixed waste or containers shall be handled so as to become a
        nuisance.  No container shall be left uncovered. [Section 9-404c (b)]
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        d.  No live or hot coals or ashes shall be placed in or with any
            mixed waste.   (Section 9-404c (7)]

        e.  No waste container shall be stored in front or side yard on a
            a street unless screened from view of a street. [Section 9—404c  (9)]

        f.  No human or animal excrement shall be placed for collection except
            solid animal excrement may be placed in waste container if securely
            wrapped or contained.  [Section 9-404c(11)]

        g.  No person shall gather, collect, transport, burn, bury or dispose
            of any garbage, residential rubbish, or any kind of refuse
            without a permit issued by city. (Section 9-409)

        h.  No person shall throw or deposit any waste matter upon any vacant
            lot, street, alley, gutter, highway, park, or public place.
            (Section 9-410)
V.  ENFORCEMENT
    1.  Requirements for Permit, etc.

        a.  Director shall determine if private collection is necessary.
            (Section 9-407)

        b.  Application for private collection permits made to Director and
            shall include location of collections, list of equipment and
            charges to be made.  (Section 9-408a)

        c.  Application for permit for private collection at specific location
            shall be made to Director and include above information plus
            proof of collection permit.  (Section 9-408b)

        de  Approval or disapproval of application made by Director as soon
            as possible.  (Section 9-408d)

        e.  Permit effective until June 30  shall be $20 per month for private
            collection.  For location permit alone, fee is $1 per month plus
            $5 fee upon issuance.  (Section 9-408e)

    2.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Permit may be revoked by Director if any conditions of this
            Ordinance, Code or contract are being violated.

        b.  At least 30 days notice shall be given if it is revoked due to
            lack of need for private collection.

        c.  If revoked for violation, ten days written notice shall be givent
            and this is final unless appeal filed to Chief Administrative Officer.

        d.  Chief Administrative Officer has power and duty to determine after
            receipt of appeal with notice given to appellant  and Director.
            Decision may be affirmed, modified or reversed with any conditions
            attached which are deemed necessary.


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                             SACRAMENTO,  CALIFORNIA

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Sacramento City Code,  Chapter 19  -  Garbage,  Rubbish,  Weeds  and  Waste
      Matter, Sacramento City Code, as  amended,  January  1,  1966.

II.    GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.   Garbage - includes  dead animals, of  not  more  than  ten pounds  in
              weight, and every accumulation  of  animal,  vegetable and other
              matter that attends  the preparation,  consumption,  decay or
              dealing in, or storage of,  meats,  fish,  fowl,  birds, fruits
              or vegetables.  Exceptions:   dish  water  or waste water.

          b.   Rubbish - includes wood,  leaves, dead trees or branches thereof,
              chips, shavings, sawdust, woodenware, grass,  rags,  straw,
              books, shoes,  hats,  crockery, glassware, ashes, cinders,
              metals and all other material not  included under the term
              ''garbage'* or "waste matter.''

          c.   Waste matter - includes natural soil,earth, sand,  clay, gravel,
              loam, manure,  stones, bricks, brick-bats,  plaster  or Portland
              cement:.

          d.   Wet garbage -  includes kitchen  and table refuse and offal, swill
              and every accumulation of animal,  vegetable and other matter
              that attends the preparation, consumption, decay or dealing
              in or storage  of meats, fish, fowl,  birds, fruits  or vegetables.
              (Section 19.1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Division of Waste  Removal, the  Engineering Department.

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To gather, collect  and dispose  of  by dumping,  burning,  dis-
              tribution or sale all garbage,  rubbish and waste matter.
              (Section 19.2)

          b.   To divide the  city  into collection cistricts.  (Section  19.3)

          c.   To make and enforce  rules and regulations  concerning the collection
              and disposal of garbage.
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IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.  Every house owner should provide suitable and sufficient water-tight
             cans or other suitable receptacles with suitable bales or handles
             and a tight-fitting cover.   Such receptacles shall be readily
             accessible to the collectors and e.mptied at least once each week.
             (Section 19.9)

         b.  Wet garbage should be stored in a suitable container separately
             from dry garbage.  (Section 19.10)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful to collect garbage, rubbish or wastepaper
             refuse within the city or transport the same through the
             streets in the city without a license.   (Section 19.8)

         b.  It shall be unlawful to show or deposit any garbage, rubbish or
             waste matter upon any street or any other public place.
             (Section 19.11)

         c.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any garbage or rubbish except at
             an approved place.  (Section 19.12)

         d.  It shall be unlawful to bury or burn garbage at any place within
             the city.  (Section 19.13)

         e.  It shall be unlawful to allow open burning except in multiple
             combustion incinerators. (Effective July 1, 1971)

 V.  ENFORCEMENT

     1.   Requirements for Permits

         Any person who wishes to engage in the business of collecting rubbish
         or trash within the city shall  obtain a license.  (Section 19.28)
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                              SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      San Jose Municipal Code - Sections 5303-5306
      October 21, 1954 and later amended.

 II.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Health Officer

      2.  Fun..;ions and Powers

          a.  To vary provisions of Code if necessary due to special hardship.
              (Section 5303.1o)

          b.  To grant permission to:

              (1)   To deliver refuse outside city.  (Section 5304.5)

              (2)   To fill in low areas with refuse.  (Section 5304.9)

              (3)   To use refuse to prevent erosion. (Section 530^.9)

              (4)   To use stable matter to fertilize land. (Section 5304.10)

              (5)   To feed swill to animals.(Section 5304.11)

          c.  To issue special refuse disposal license,  (Section 5304.11)

          d.  To approve of manner of collection and transportation for all
              refuse collection (Section 5305.9) and manner of disposal.
              (Section 5306.5)

          e.  To inspect all rubbish collection vehicles.  (Section 5307.1)

III.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  All garbage and rubbish shall be placed in separate metal containers
              of sufficient strength to prevent collapsing or crushing; have
              close-fitting metal cover; handles on each side; be leak-proof;
              fly-proof; be free of sharp, ragged edges  and not exceed 32
              gallons in capacity (8 cubic feet for rubbish containers).
              (Sections 5303.2 and 5303.8)

          b.  No container shall exceed 75 pounds in weight when full.
              (Section. 5303.4, 5303.7 and 5303.9)
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    C.  All containers shall be kept clean and sanitary at all times.
        (Sections 5303.4 and 5303.7)

    d.  All containers shall be kept within side or rear of yard and in
        place accessible to collectors.  (Sections 5303.3, 5303.6 and 5303.9)

    e.  Separate swill containers are required.  (Section 5303.5)

    f.  Separate stable matter container not to exceed 72 cubic feet in
        capacity unless stable matter to be mixed with garbage.
        (Section 5303.11)

    g.  All refuse may be disposed of at city dump.  (Section 5304.3)

    h.  All garbage and rubbish collectors shall keep complete set of
        books and records (Sections 5305,5 and 5306.3) and file annual
        report.   (Section 5306.4)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to accumulate any refuse on property owned
        or occupied by him (Section 5303.1) or dispose of it (Section 5304.1)
        unless in accordance with this code.

    b.  It shall be unlawful to accumulate more than one week's garbage
        and rubbish (Section 5303.12) or one day's collection of swill.
        (Section 5303.13)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to place any hot ashes, etc. or any burning
        matter in any garbage or rubbish container.  (Section 5303.14)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to deliver any refuse outside the city without
        permission of the Health Officer.  (Section 5304.5)

    e.  It shall be unlawful for refuse to be burned except in accordance
        with following limitations:

        (1)  No burning except between 0900 and 1200 hours of any day.
        (2)  No industrial, commercial or medical garbage or rubbish
             shall be burned except in approved incinerator.

        (3)  No noxious or offensive odors or dense smoke or public
             nuisance may be caused.

        (4)  No fire in any public street, etc. or public property.

        (5)  No rubbish may be burned in incinerator unless rapid and
             complete combustion assured.

        (6)  With written permission, leaves, branches, etc, may be
             kindled.   (Section 5304.6)
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         f.   It shall be unlrwiul  to bury refuse.   (Section 5304.7)

         g.   It shall be unlawful  to use  refuse to fill in low areas, (Section
             5304.8),, prevent  erosion (Section 5304.9), fertilize land
             (Section 5304.10) or  feed swill animals (5304.11) without
             permission of Health  Officer.

         h.   It shall be unlawful  to collect, transport or dispose of swill
             without a license (Section 5303.1),  and a contract with the City
             is required for any person to  collect, transport or dispose of
             garbage.  (Section 5306.1)

IV.   ENFORCEMENT

     K   Requirements for Permits, etc.

         a.   All swill, rubbish and garbage collectors shall have a valid license
             and a contract with the City.  [Sections 5305.1, 5305.2(a) and 5306.1]

         b.   License shall be  issued after  public hearing with final decision
             up to City Council. [Section 5305.2(b)]

         c.   There is a tax on all swill  (Section 5305.3), rubbish (Section
             5305.4) and garbage collectors. (5306.2)

     2.   Inspection Procedure

         a.   All books and records may be inspected at any time.
             (Sections 5305.5  and  5306.3)

         b.   All rubbish vehilces  shall be  inspected prior to use.
             (Section 5307.1)

     3,   Liability for Violators

         Any license tag or sticker issued  may be taken away for violation
         of  this Code.  (Section 5307.4)

     4.   Performance Bonds

         Surety bond of $50,000 or other  adequate security shall be given
         by  those authorized to collect,  transport or dispose of any
         waste matter.  [Sections  5306.6  and 5306(a)]
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                             SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

.,1.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Ordinance No.  933  -  August 26, 1958.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Definitions

         a.   Garbage — includes kitchen and  table refuse,  offal, swill and also
             every  accumulation of animal and vegetable refuse, and other
             matter that attends the preparation, consumption, decay, or
             dealing in or storage of, meats, fish, fowl,  birds, fruits,
             or vegetables.  It shall also include crockery, bottles, tin
             vessels, ashes, and all refuse  save and excepting as herein
             defined as rubbish or wet garbage.

         b.   Wet Garbage - includes all clean garbage,  suitable for food for
             hogs,  coming from restaurants,  cafes, cafeterias, hospitals,
             hotels, boarding houses, clubs  and  all other  eating places
             in the City of Santa Rosa, and  from butcher shops and dealers
             in fresh vegetables, and shall  consist of  and include only
             kitchen and table refuse, offal and swill, and every accumu-
             lation of animal and vegetable  scraps, refuse or waste, and
             other  matter that attends the preparation, consumption,
             decay, or dealing in, or storage of meats, fish, fowls,
             birds, fruits or vegetables. Provided, however, that said
             definition is not intended nor  does it include the by-products
             of butcher shops where said by-products have  a commercial
             value  and are not decomposed nor offensive, and where said
             by-products have not been rejected  by the  owners or producers
             thereof as offensive or useless.

         c.   Refuse — includes all matter and materials which are rejected by
             owners or producers thereof as  offensive or useless,and which
             by their presence or accumulation,  may injuriously affect the
             health, comfort, or safety of the community by increasing
             disease or hazard by fire.

         d.   Rubbish — includes all combustible  and non-combustible waste and
             refuse matter, excepting garbage ordinarily accumulating in
             and about residences, flats, buildings, apartment houses,
             lodging houses, hotels, restaurants, eating houses, stores,
             shops, offices and other public buildings. Among other things,
             it shall include tree trimmings, cut in lengths not to
             exceed three feet or two inches in  diameter,  grass cuttings,
             dead plants, and weeds, and leaves  but shall  not include
             brick  mortar or other debris incident to the  construction
             of buildings.
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III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          City Manager  (Sections 8b and 13)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To set routes and time for collection.  (Section 8c)

          b.  To make necessary changes in cases of difficulty.   (Section 8e)

          c«  To make such interpretations as are necessary.   (Section  11)

          d.  To enforce provisions of this Ordinance.  (Section  13)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1«  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Containers for garbage shall be galvanized metal, with handles,
              from 15 to 30 gallons with close fitting covers, and kept closed
              at all times.  (Section 2a)

          bc  Containers for wet garbage shall be same except  they shall be
              watertight.   (Section 2b)

          c«  Rubbish shall be kept In boxes, barrels or other suitable
              receptacles.  (Section 2c)

          d.  All commercial garbage shall be removed at least twice a week, all
              residential  garbage at least once a week, and all rubbish at least
              once a week.

          ee  No garbage or rubbish shall be transported through  the streets
              except in vehicles constructed to be dustproof and  so as to
              prevent spillage.  Wet garbage shall be transported in watertight
              containers on the streets.  Vehicles shall be kept  clean and be
              clearly marked.  (Section 3)

          f.  Fees charged to occupants whether they use collection service or
              not.  (Section 6a)

      2.  Prohibited Activities

          a.  It shall be  unlawful to allow accumulation of rubbish, wet
              garbage or garbage on any public or private property or street
              unless in accordance with storage requirements of this Ordinance.
              (Section 3)

          b.  It shall be  unlawful to deposit any refuse or rubbish on any lane,
              street, alley, gutter or drain.  (Section 3d)
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        c.  It shall be unlawful to bury any  garbage without  permit,   (Section 3e)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to tamper with  any garbage or  rubbish  without
            permission,   (Section 3f)

        e.  It shall be unlawful for any person  to collect or transport any
            garbage without a contract with the  City,   (Sections  4  and  8)

        f.  It shall be unlawful to deposit rubbish in  public place.   (Section 9)

        g.  It shall be unlawful to burn any  garbage.   Rubbish  may  be burned
            subject to fire regulations.   (Section 10)

        h.  It shall be unlawful to interfere with collection and disposal  of
            refuse, garbage, or rubbish by any person.   (Section  13)

V,  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

        Contract may not exceed ten years.  (Section 5)

    2.  Penalties

        Violation of this Ordinance is a misdemeanor punishable by  fine
        of not more than $300 or imprisonment not exceeding 90  days or  both.
        (Section 15)

    3.  Performance Bonds

        Surety bond of $10,000 plus public liability insurance  of not less
        than $50,000 for death of one person, $100,000  for death  of more
        than one person, and $20,000 for property damage.
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                                AURORA, COLORADO

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chapter 1 - Garbage and Rubbish, City Code, September 8, 1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.  Garbage - includes any and all rejected or waste, household food,
              offal, swill, kitchen refuse, and every refuse accumulation
              of animal, fruit, or vegetable matter, liquid or otherwise,
              that attends the preparation, use, cooking, and dealing in
              or storing of food, or meat, fish, fowl, fruit or vegetable.

          b.  Rubbish, debris - includes all accumulation of waste, refuse,
              rejected animal, mineral or vegetable matter, manure, ashes,
              waste paper, cans, bottles, broken china, sawdust, leaves,
              grass cuttings, shrubbery and tree trimmings, shavings and
              packing material.

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1,  Responsible Agency

          The Tri-County Health Department

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue permits for collection and open burning. (Sections 5-1-14
              and 5-1-20.1)

          b.  To supervise the collection and transportation of trash and
              waste materials.  (Section 5-1-17)

          C.  To make additional rules and regulations not inconsistent with
              the terms and provisions of this Chapter. (Section 5-1-17)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  All garbage, trash, manure, rubbish and debris shall be removed
              from the: places where the same shall accumulate.  (Section 5-1-2)

          b.  The Council may enter into contracts and agreements for the
              collection and removal of garbage, rubbish and debris.
              (Section 5-1-3)

          c.  All garbage, rubbish and debris shall be collected and removed by
              designated official at regular prescribed intervals.  (Section 5-1-5)
                                     88

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        d.  Every owner shall provide a vessel  for  garbage.   Such  vessel
            shall be watertight and made of corrosion  resistant metal,
            galvanized, and shall be constructed of 26 gauge  or heavier
            metal, with a close-fitting metal cover.   Such can shall be of
            any capacity not greater than 32 gallons,  and the gross weight
            of such vessel shall not exceed TOO pounds.   (Section  5-1-6 A and  B)

        e»  Every collection vehicle shall be fitted with a watertight metal
            tank box provided with a tight-fitting cover.  (Section 5-1-6C)

        f.  Every person shall accumulate rubbish or debris in a box, barrel,
            or other receptacle at convenient places.  (Sections 5-1-6D)

        g.  Every vehicle shall be so designed  and equipped so as  to prevent
            the escape or loss of any rubbish or debris while being transported.
            (Section 5-1-6E)

        h.  All garbage, rubbish and debris shall be disposed of at a treatment
            plant or other designated place.  (Section 5-1-8)

        1.  There shall be no hauling of trash  or waste between 7:00 P.M. and
            6:00 A.M.  (Section 5-1-19)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to dump garbage, rubbish and debris.
            (Section 5-1-8 A and B)

        be  It shall be unlawful to deposit any trash  receptacle on the right-
            of-way abutting any street.  (Section 5-1-8 C)

        c.  It shall be unlawful for garbage,rubbish or debris to  be deposited
            in streets.  (Section 5-1-13)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to transport burning material. (Section  5-1-13)

        ee  It shall be unlawful to burn any rubbish without a permit.
            (Section 5-1-20.)

        f«,  It shall be unlawful after January  1, 1968 to burn any combustible
            refuse except in an approved incinerator or other equipment.
            (Section 5-1-20.2)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1c  Requirements for Permits

        a«  Any person desiring to collect wastes shall obtain a permit from
            the clerk upon the payment of $10 annual fee.  (Sections 5-1-15
            and 5-1-16)
                                  89

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    k,  No open fires are permitted without having first obtained a
        permit from the Chief of the Fire Department.   (Section 5-1-20.1)

2.  Inspection Procedure

    a.  It shall be unlawful to refuse to admit the Air Pollution Control
        officer of the Tri-County Health Departmnet or any member of the
        Fire or Police Department to any premise for inspection purposes.
        (lections 5-1-20.4 and 5-1-20.5)

    fe.  No open fire shall be kindled until an officer of the Fire
        Department has inspected and a determination has been made as tc
        the safety of the fire.  (Section 5-1-21)

3,  Liability for Violators
      1 delinquent accounts are subject to stoppage of service
    without notice if not paid within 30 days.   (Section 5-1-10)

4,  Penalties
        person guilty of violation shall, upon conviction thereof,
    fee fined in an amount not to exceed $300 or imprisoned for a
    period not to exceed 90 days.  (Section 5-1-22)

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                              BOULDER, COLORADO

 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Revised Code of the City of Boulder - Refuse,  Refuse Haulers, and
     Weeds - Codified October 19, 1965 and amended.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     I.   Declaration of Policy

         To prevent  conditions which are or may be  fire or health hazards,
         actual or potential harborages for rats, mice, rodents, vermin or
         other pests, and to preserve and promote the health, welfare
         and property of the inhabitants of Boulder.   (Section 14-1)

     2.   Definitions

         a.  Refuse  — includes all solid wastes, garbage and rubbish, whether
             combustible or non-combustible,  including rubble.

         b.  Garbage - includes all putrescible animal or vegetable waste
             resulting from the preparation,  cooking  and serving of food,
             or the  storage and sale of produce.

         c.  Rubbish — includes all nonputrescible  solid wastes, consisting of
             both combustible and non-combustible wastes, including, but
             not limited to, paper, ashes, cardboard, tin cans,  yard
             clippings, wood, glass, rags, discarded  clothes or  wearing
             apparel of any kind, or any other discarded object  or thing,
             not exceeding three feet in length.

         d«  Rubble  — includes large brush wood, large cardboard boxes or parts
             thereof, large and/or heavy yard trimmings, discarded fence
             posts,  crates, motor vehicle tires, junk motor vehicle bodies
             or parts thereof, scrap metal, bed springs, water heaters,
             discarded similar object or thing which  cannot conveniently
             be cut  into sizes less than three feet in length.

         e.  Refuse  container - a metal or non-absorbent and fire resistant
             container, which shall be equipped with  a tightly fitting
             metal or non-absorbent and fire  resistant cover or  lid, but
             shall not include incinerators other than those herein defined,
             or ash  pits.

         f.  Refuse  hauler - includes any person engaged in the  business of
             collecting, storing and transporting of  refuse in the
             City of Boulder and who is licensed thereof by the  City.

         g«  Refuse  disposal site - includes  any location designated by the
             City Council  of the City of Boulder where any approved final
             treatment utilization, processing or depository of  solid
             wastes  occurs.
                                   91

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          h.  Composting - the biological reduction or stabilization of
              putrescible and other organic solid x^astes to a non-putrescible
              manner.

          i.  Incineration - includes the controlled burning of combustible
              solid wastes with or without accompanying non-combustible
              wastes with the use of auxiliary fuel when necessary.

          j.  Sanitary landfill - includes the active portion of the landfill
              site where refuse is being dumped, compacted, and covered.

          k.  Transfer station - includes any loading site where solid waste is
              transferred from one vehicle to another for transfer to a
              permanent refuse disposal site.

          1.  Disposal - includes the processing of solid wastes by sanitary
              landfill, by incineration, by congesting, by grinding or
              any other equivalent sanitary method.  (Section 14-2)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          The Health Officer, the Fire Chief, and the City Manager

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To enforce the provisions of this code.

          b.  To make such additional rules and regulations to carry out the
              intent and purpose of this Chapter.  (Section 14-1)

          c.  To issue licenses.  (Section 14-8b)

          d.  To require submission of plans ef landfill site.  (Section 14-102e)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1c  Standards and Regulations

          a«  All refuse, except rubble, shall be stored either in refuse
              containers or in refuse storage rooms.  (Section 14-5a)

          bc  Rubble need not be stored in containers or storage rooms but
              shall be stored in such a manner as not to constitute or create
              an unsanitary condition or a health or fire hazard.  (Section  14-5b)

          c.  Separate containers shall be provided for garbage. (Section  14-5d)

          d.  All refuse vehicles shall have a tightly enclosed body to prevent
              refuse from spilling.  (Section 14-11)
                                   92

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2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall, be unlawful to permit refuse to accumulate. (Section 14-3)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any refuse on any street, park,
        or any other public ground.  (Section 14-6a)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to bury any garbage.  (Section 14-6b)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to deposit garbage in the City's sewage
        system unless shredded by a mechanical grinder.  (Section 14-6c)

    e.  It shall be unlawful to permit dead animals to remain on any
        public ground for longer than 24 hours, (Section 14-6d)

    f.  It shall be unlawful for refuse haulers to use unlicensed vehicles
        or to operate while license suspended or revoked.   (Section 14-10)

    go  It shall be unlawful to spill any refuse on any street or any
        other public or private property.  (Section 14-12)

3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

    a.  The proposed disposal site shall comply with the zoning and
        health regulations.  (Section 14-102 a and b)

    b.  Plans and specifications of the. site shall be approved by the
        City Council.  (Section 14-102 e)

    C.  Adequate drainage facilties shall be provided at the site.
        [Section 14-102 e(4)]

    d.  Access roads shall be designed and constructed.  [Section 14-102
        e(5)]

    e.  Suitable fencing shall be provided.  [Section 14-102 e (6)]

    f.  Shelter, sanitary facilities and safe drinking water shall be
        provided.   [Section 14-102 e (7)]

    g.  Adequate fire prevention and fire fighting facilities shall be
        provided.  [Section 14-102 e (8)]

    lu  Salvage operation, when permitted, shall not interfere with the
        prompt sanitary disposal of refuse. [Section 14-102 e (10)]

    I*  Scattered  materials shall be collected and disposed of at least
        once a week.   (Section 14-103c)

    j.  Rubble or  bulky items  shall be disposed of in such  a manner to
        prevent unsightliness  or any unsanitary condition or hazard.
        (Section 14-103d)
                                   93

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        k.  Dust shall be controlled.   (Section  14-103e)

        !„  Adequate measures shall be  applied to  control  flies,  tnosquitos  or
            rodents and vermin.  (Section 14-103 f)

        m.  The site shall be supervised at all hours of operation.
            (Section 14-103h)

        n.  All refuse shall be spread  in layars no more than  two feet  in
            depth before compaction.  (Section 14-104c)

        o«  The compacted depth in a single lift shall not exceed eight feet.
            (Section 14-104d)

        p.  All compacted refuse shall be covered  with at  least  six  inches
            deep of cover material by the close of operations.
            (Section 14-104e)

        q.  The top cover and finished  side slopes of the  fill shall have at
            least two feet of compacted soil.  (Section  14-104f)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  Licenses are required for refuse haulers. (Section  14-8a)

        b.  The license fees shall be as follows:  $25 for every  applicant  and
            the first refuse hauling vehicle used  by him;  $10  for every additiona
            refuse hauling vehicle.  (Section 14-8d)

        c«  All licenses issued shall automatically expire on  the first day
            of January of each year.

        d«  All licenses shall be non-transferable.   (Section  14-8f)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        a.  The City Manager, the Health Officer,  or the Fire  Chief, shall
            have the right to inspect any and all  premises within the City
            at reasonable hours.  (Section  14-14)

        b.  The Director of Environmental Health or his  authorized agent of
            the Health Department shall inspect the operation  and maintenance
            of all refuse disposal sites and keep  a log  of all inspections
            performed.  (Section 14-105)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        Licenses may be suspended or revoked by the City Manager for
        failure to comply with the provisions of this Chapter  or any other
        related ordinance.   (Section 14-9a)

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4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  No license shall be suspended or revoked unless the City
        Manager gives written notice to the refuse hauler and a hearing
        is held not sooner than three days from the mailing or giving of
        such notice.  The hauler shall be given an opportunity to be
        heard at said hearing.  (Section 14-9b)

    b.  The decision to suspend or revoke any license may be appealed to
        the City Council.  (Section 14-9d)

5.  Insurance
                           9
    All operators of the City refuse disposal sites shall enter
    an agreement with the City Council which shall contain, among
    other things, liability insurance in the following amounts:
    $tOO,000 per person; $300,000 for two or more persons involved in
    a single accident; and $50,000 property damage.  (Section 14-107)
                              95

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                             WESTPORT,  CONNECTICUT

—I.  - NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance  Regulating  the  Storage,  Collection and Disposal of  Refuse,
      February 15,  1958.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.   Refuse — includes,  but  is  not  limited to,  all  solid wastes  of the
              community  including all garbage,  ashes,  combustible rubbish,
              non-combustible rubbish,  trade wastes, salvageable trade
              wastes,  paper,  cardboard,  metal cans, glass, bottles,  small
              branches,  prunings  from trees  and bushes,  lawn trimmings and
              small dead animals  not  exceeding  30 Ibs.  each  in weight.
              Refuse shall  not  include  body  wastes, large  tree branches,
              tree  trunks or  tree roots.

          bc   Garbage  —  includes  any  animal  or  vegetable matter or  product  of the
              putrefaction  or decomposition  thereof, which accumulates in
              the preparation of  food and  any offal or refuse of meats,
              fish, fowl, vegetable or  spoiled  foods and other refuse or
              waste subject to  decay.

          C.   Ashes —  include the solid residue of combustion of any type of fuel.

          d«   Combustible Rubbish — includes all burnable  refuse such as  paper,
              rags, cartons,  boxes, wood,  small branches,  excelsior,
              furniture, bedding, rubber,  leather, etc.

          e.   Non-comubstible Rubbish — includes non-burnable refuse such as
              glass, bottles, tin cans,  metal food containers, tinware,
              scrap metal,  auto parts,  pipe, other metallic  substances,
              rocks, sod, earthenware,  brick, concrete,  plaster, and other
              mineral  substances.

          fc   Trade Wastes  —  include  all wastes and portions thereof from
              wholesale  and retail establishments, end products of
              manufacturing,  end  products  of food preparation for sale, or
              scraps of  leftovers or  non-salable portions  thereof.

          g«,   Salvageable Trade Wastes  - includes all refuse that has use of
              value to a person,  firm,  corporation or establishment other
              than  those producing the  same.  (Article 1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible  Agencies
                                      96

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         a.  Director of Health

         b.  Department of Public Works

         e0  Chief of Police

     2.  Functions and Powers

         a»  Director of Health                .,        ......

             (1)   To approve the issuance of licenses.  (Article  3,  Section 1)

             (2)   To revoke licenses.(Article 3,  Section  2)

             (3)   To inspect vehicles prior to  issuance of licenses.
                   (Article 4, Section 2)

             (4)   To inspect all vehicles and equipment during license period.
                   (Article 4, Section 5)

             (5)   To set standards for disposal facilities.  (Article  4,
                   Section 5)

             (6)   To send notice of violations.(Articles  6 and 8)

         b.  Department of Public Works

             (1)   To set standards for disposal facilities.  (Article  5, Section 1)

             (2)   To send notice of violation.(Article 8)

         c.  Chief of Police

             (1)   To approve issuance of licenses.  (Article  3, Section 1)

             (2)   To revoke licenses.(Article 3,  Section  2)

             (3)   To inspect safety equipment for vehicles prior to
                   issuance of licenses. (Article  4, Section  1)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.  Storage

             (1)   Containers shall be watertight, closely covered and have
                   adequate handles.

             (2)   Containers shall be kept sanitary and in good  repair at
                   all tines.

             (3)   Ashes shall be stored in fire resistant containers  but hot
                   ashes shall not be stored in  containers.
                                     97

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            (4)   Ashes  shall not  be  allowed to  accumulate  on any premises
                 except in approved  containers.

            (5)   If any storage condition becomes unsanitary, the Director
                 of Health may  order its  immediate correction.

            (6)   Dead animals shall  be  placed in carton or heavy sack
                 clearly marked as to contents  and shall not be intermixed
                 with garbage.  (Article 1, Section 7)

        b.  Collection

            (1)   All ashes, combustible rubbish and dry noncombustible rubbish
                 except garbage may  be  transported in  non-watertight vehicles
                 if they are sufficiently covered to prevent loss of contents.

            (2)   All vehicles used for  transportation  of garbage or any type
                 of refuse except those specified in previous section must
                 be equipped with covered, watertight  bodies.  All vehicles
                 shall be constructed to  prevent leakage or scattering of
                 contents and access to flies.

            (3)   Vehicles shall be washed out daily from May 1  to November 1.
                 During the rest  of  the year, vehicles shall be washed as
                 needed.  Vehicles shall  be sprayed as so  directed by the
                 Director of Health.  (Article  4, Sections 3 and 4)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful  to  dispose of  any refuse  except at designated
            disposal area.  (Article 2)

    3.  Approved Operation of Disposal  Facility.

        a.  Standards to be set by Director of  Public  Works and Director of
            Health.

        b.  Any user may deliver  refuse directly to disposal area.

        c.  No refuse from out  of town  may be deposited at area.

        d.  Scavenging and salvaging is prohibited.

        e.  Disposal of all dangerous explosive or inflammable materials is
            prohibited. (Article  5)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  License required to engage  in business of  collecting, transporting
            or disposing of refuse.
                                     98

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    b.  Application shall be approved by Chief of Police and Director of
        Health.

    c.  License  expires each April 30 and may be renewed annually.
        (Article 3, Section 1)

2.  Inspection Procedure

    a.  Chief of Police shall conduct safety inspection of vehicle prior
        to grant or renewal of license.

    b.  Director of Health shall conduct sanitary inspection of vehicle
        prior to grant or renewal of license.

    c.  Director of Public Works or Director of Health may conduct such
        spot inspections as they deem necessary.  (Article 4)

3.  Liability for Violators

    Director of  Public Works and/or Director of Health shall revoke
    license for  any violation of this Ordinance.  (Article 3, Section 2)

4.  Penalties

    Fine not to  exceed $25 for each violation.  Each day of willful
    continuation after receipt of official notice is separate offense.
    (Article 8)
                                  99

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                            WASHINGTON,  D.  C.
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Part 6, Proposed Solid Waste  Regulations,  Chapter  3,  Buildings  and
     Grounds, Title 8, Health Regulations,  District  of  Columbia Regulations.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1„  Declaration of Policy

         The purpose of this regulation is  to enhance and  improve  the  environment
         and thus promote the health,  safety and welfare of the District  of
         Columbia by establishing  minimum standards  for the storage, col-
         lection, transportation and disposal of solid  wastes.  (8-3:601).

     2.  Definitions (8-3:602)

         a.   Abandoned vehicles- includes motor vehicles and trailers  left on
             public or private property for an  extended period  of  time and
             usually in an inoperable  or hazardous condition and having only
             scrap value.

         b.   Ashes - includes the  residue from  the burning of wood,  coal, coke
             or other combustible  materials.

         c.   Bulky Waste - includes large items of solid waste  such  as appliances,
             furniture, large auto parts, tree  and branches, stumps, flotage,
             and the like.

         d.   Combustible Rubbish - includes miscellaneous  burnable materials.

         e.   Compactor Collection  Vehicle - includes enclosed vehicles provided
             with special mechanical devices for conveying the  refuse  into the
             main compartment of the body and. compressing  the loaded materials.

         f.   Composting - is a controlled microbial  degradation of organic
             waste yielding a nuisance free product  of  potential value as a
             s oi 1 coiidi ti one r.

         g.   Construction and Demolition Wastes - include  the waste  building
             materials and rubble  resulting from construction,  remodeling, re-
             pair, and demolition  operation on  houses,  commercial  buildings,
             pavements, and other  structures.

         h.   Dead Animals - include those that  die naturally or from disease, or
             are accidentally killed.

         i.   Disposal Area - includes  any site, location,  tract of land,  area,
             building, structure or premises used or intended to be  used  for
             partial or total solid waste disposal.
                                      100

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j.  Domestic Refuse - includes all those types which normally originate
    in the residential household or apartment house.

k.  Food Waste (Garbage) - includes animal and vegetable waste re-
    sulting from the storage, handling, preparation, cooking or
    serving of foods.

1.  Hazardous Wastes - include those wastes that can cause serious injury
    or disease during the normal storage, collection and disposal
    cycle, including but not limited to explosives, pathological and
    infectious wastes, radioactive materials, and dangerous chemicals.

m.  Incinerator - includes any equipment, device or contrivance and all
    appurtenances thereof used for the destruction by burning of solid,
    semi-solid liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes.

nc  Incinerator Residue - includes solid materials remaining after
    reduction in an incinerator.

Oo  Industrial Waste -includes  solid wastes which result from industrial
    processes and manufacturing operations such as factories, pro-
    cessing plants, repair and cleaning establishments, refineries and
    rendering plants.

p.  Non-combustible Refuse - includes miscellaneous refuse materials
    that are unburnable at ordinary incinerator temperatures (1300 to
    2000 degrees F).

q.  Open Dump - is an area on which there is an accumulation of solid
    waste from one or more sources without proper cover materials.

r.  Premises - include a building, together with any fences, walls, sheds,
    garages, or other accessory buildings appurtenant to such building,
    and the area of land surrounding the building and actually or by
    legal construction forming one enclosure in which such building is
    located.

s.  Putrescible Wastes - include wastes that are capable of being
    decomposed by micro-organisms with sufficient rapidity as to cause
    nuisances from odors, gases, and similar objectionable conditions.
    Kitchen's wastes, offal, and dead animals are examples of putrescible
    components of solid waste.

t.  Residue - includes the solid materials remaining after burning,
    comprising ash, metal, glass, ceramics and unburned organic
    substances.

u.  Rubbish • is nonputrescible solid wastes, including ashes, consist-
    ing of both combustible and non-combustible wastes, such as paper,
    cardboard, tin cans, yard rubbish, wood, glass, bedding, crockery,
    or litter of any kind.
                             101

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          v.   Scavengering -  is  the  uncontrolled  picking  or  sorting of  solid
           — wastes either before,  during,or  following collection.

          w.   Solid Waste (Refuse)  - includes  putrescible and  nonputrescible
              solid wastes, except body wastes, and including  abandoned vehicles,
              food waste (garbage),  rubbish, ashes, incinerator residue,  street
              cleanings, tree debris,  and  solid market and industrial wastes.

          x.   Street: Refuse - includes material picked up by manual or  mechanical
              sweeping of alleys, streets  and  sidewalks,  litter from public
              litter receptacles, and  dirt removed  from catch  basins.

          y.   Waste - includes useless, unwanted, or discarded materials
              resulting from  normal  community  activities. Wastes  include
              solids, liquids, and  gases.

          z.   Yard Rubbish -  includes  prunings, grass clippings, weeds, leaves,
              and general yard and  garden  wastes.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          The Department of Sanitary Engineering  and the  Department of  Economic
          Development.

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To issue collector's  and collection vehicle licenses.  (8-3:606)

          b.   To make inspections.  (8-3:610)

          c.   To provide solid waste collection service.  (8-3:605)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.   All solid wastes shall be  stored in such manner  as not to provide
              breeding places for insects  or rodents, or  to  create a nuisance  or
              fire hazard. (8-3:603(a))

          b.   Containers shall be of approved  design and  materials.  (8-3:603(c))

          c.   No single container or bundle shall exceed  60  pounds in weight.
              (8-3:603(d))

          d.   There shall be  a sufficient  number  of containers which shall be
              kept clean and  in  good repair.  (8-3:603 (e) and  (f))
                                      102

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    e.  Food waste (garbage) shall be drained, wrapped and stored for
        collection with rubbish. (8-3:603(h))

    f.  Solid wastes shall be collected at least twice per week. (8-3:604(b))

    g.  Collection vehicles shall be operated in such manner that they
        do not create a nuisance. (8-3:604(e))

    h.  Dead animals and decayed fish, maat or vegetable products shall
        be collected in covered vehicles. (8-3:604(c))

    i.  Construction and operation of incinerators shall comply with the
        applicable provisions of the Air Quality Control and Fuel Burning
        Equipment Regulations. (8-3:607(b))

    j,  Any disposal method shall be approved before such activity is
        undertaken. (8-3:607(f))

    k.  Hazardous wastes shall be transported and disposed of only by
        approved methods. (8-3:607(g))

    1.  Solid Wastes to be acceptable for disposal at the District's
        incinerators shall conform with the following requirements (8-3:608):

          (i) Shall be readily combustible.

         (ii) Shall not contain hazardous wastes,

        (iii) Shall not contain heavy timbers, logs, stumps or large
              quantities of ashes, dirt or rubble.

         (iv) Shall not contain large quantities of rubbish with a high
              moisture content.

          (v) Bulky combustible materials shall not exceed 4 feet in
              length or 2 feet by 2 feert in cross-section.

         (vi) Brush and tree debris shall not exceed 4 feet in length
              or 4 inches in diameter.

        (vii) Timbers  may not exceed 4 feet in length, or 4 inches by
              4 inches or 2 inches by 12 inches in cross-section.

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a*  No person shall throw any solid waste in any street or other
        public space.  (8-3:603(b))
                            103

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        b.  Collectors shall not permit spillage from solid waste containers
            or collection vehicles.  (8-3:604(c))

        c.  Open burning is prohibited by the Air Quality Control and Fuel
            Burning Equipment Regulations.  (8-3:607(h))

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  No person shall use any  collection vehicle without a collector's
            and a collection vehicle license. (8-3:606(a))

        b.  No collection vehicle license shall be granted until the vehicle
            has been inspected by the Director of Public Health. (8-3:606(d))

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        The Commissioner of the District of Columbia is authorized to make
        inspections of solid waste storage containers, collection systems,
        collection vehicles, and disposal sites. (8-3:610)

    3.  Liability for Violation

        Continued violation of any provisions of this Article shall be
        grounds for the revocation,  suspension or denial of any collector's
        or collection vehicle license. (8-3:611)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        The licensee shall be given an opportunity to answer and be heard
        by the Commissioner upon the charges against him. (8-3:611)

    5.  Penalties

        Any person who fails to comply with any provision of this Part shall
        be punished by a fine not to exceed $300 or imprisonment not to
        exceed 90 days, or both. (8-3:612)
                                    104

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                               CLEARWATER, FLORIDA

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      "Sanitation Service Ordinance of Clearwater'' Ordinance No. 1181,
      November 18, 1968.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.   Garbage - includes every refuse accumulation of animal, fruit
               or vegetable matter attending the preparation, use, cooking,
               and dealing in or storage of meats, fish, fowl, fruits,
               vegetables or grains.

          b.   Trash

               (1)   Containerized Trash - includes any leaves, yard or small
                     hedge clippings or other types of rubbish or trash
                     consisting of combustible and non-combustible wastes,
                     such as paper, cardboard, boxes, crates, tin cans, yard
                     trimmings, leaves and other similar materials as
                     ordinarily accumulate about residential property.

               (2)   Bundled or Stacked - includes tree limbs less than four
                     inches in diameter and no longer than four feet,such as
                     palm fronds, large hedge clippings or any residue
                     accumulated from normal landscaping operations.

          c.   Foreign Materials

               (1)   Constructions materials, such as sand, wood, stone, bricks,
                     cement, concrete construction blocks, roofing and other
                     building materials including sod; animal wastes shall
                     also be considered foreign material.

               (2)   Tree stumps, appliances, household furniture, discarded
                     metals and wood and other similar type material that is
                     bulky, cumbersome or cannot be safely placed into
                     collection equipment.  (Section 10-2)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Sanitation Superintendent  (Section 10-4)

      2.  Functions and Powers
                                   105

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         a.  To make regulations concerning collections days, types and location
             of containers and other necessary matters.  (Section 10-4)

         b.  To deny collection service to those who fail to replace bad
             containers,  [Section 10.5 (2a)]

         c.  To grant permission for commercial trash bins and mechanical
       "      containers.  [Section 10-5 (2)]

        -d.  To approve of refuse disposal within city limits. [Section 10-5(3b)]

         *.  To make any reasonable regulations he finds necessary.
             [Section 10-5(3c)]

         f.  To issue collection permits. [Section 10-8(4)]

         g.  To enforce the Ordinance using limited police powers. (Section 10-14)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.  All refuse in City shall be collected, conveyed and disposed of by
             City Government except commercial owners may personally collect
             «nd dispose of own refuse and outside collectors may haul refuse
             on city streets.  (Section 10-3)

         b.  Preparation of Refuse

             (1)  Garbage shall be drained and wrapped in paper prior to being
                  placed in cans.

             (2)  Trash shall be drained prior to collection.

             (3)  Leaves, clippings and trimmings shall be put in approved
                  receptacle and not filled above top to be collected on
                  regularly scheduled route.

             (4)  Dangerous materials  (i.e., glass, razor blades, etc.) shall
                  be deposited in disposable container.

             (5)  No single article too heavy for one man to lift shall be
                  collected.  No tree trunk or limb larger than four inches
                  in diameter or longer than four feet shall be collected.
                  [Section 10-5(1)]

         c.  Refuse Containers

             (1)  Shall be maintained in good condition or sanitation
                  superintendant may refuse collection service.
                                   t06

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        (2)  Shall be made of heavy plastic or metal, equipped with handles
             and tight-fitting cover, be watertight,capacity of not more
             than 20 gallons, and able to be handled by one man easily
             without strain.

        (3)  Shall be of type approved by Health Agency.

        (4)  No commercial trash bins without permission of Sanitation
             Inspector. [Section 10-5(2)]

    d.  It is duty of property owner or occupant to provide receptacle.
        (Section 10-9)

    e.  Storing of Refuse

        (1)  All commercial establishments shall prevent wind-driven debris
             and unsightly litter.

        (2)  Public parking lots shall be provided with trash containers.
             [Section 10-5(3)]

    f.  Points of Collection

        Containers shall be placed at point easily accessible to
        collectors who will not unlock any obstacle or go over, under
        or around any obstruction. Exceptions of this require extra
        fee.  [Section 10-5(4)]

    g.  Garbage will be collected twice each week for residences and
        small businesses.  For schools, hotels, hospitals, and large
        commercial establishments, collections will be daily except
        Sunday and holidays. [Section 10-6(1)]

    h.  Vehicles used in hauling refuse shall be watertight and designed
        so as to prevent spillage and scattering. [Section 10-6(3a)]

    i.  Disposal shall be made outside city limits, unless otherwise
        authorized by Sanitation Superintendent. [Section 10-6(3b)]

    j.  Incinerators operated within City shall cause no offensive odor,
        sparks,  minimum of smoke, and not become a. nuisance.
        [Section 10-6(3d)]

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to collect.con/ey or dispose of any refuse
        accumulated in city without written contract or permit.
        (Section 10-3)

    be  Storing of Refuse
                                107

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        (1)  It shall be unlawful to place any refuse on street, alley,
             public or private property unless in proper containers.

        (2)  Any unauthorized accumulation of refuse is declared to be a
             nuisance and is prohibited.

        (3)  It shall be unlawful to scatter, place, sweep, or deposit
             refuse in such a manner that it may be carried by the elements
             onto the street, sidewalk, public place or occupied premises.
             [Section 10-5(3)]

    C.  It shall be unlawful to place highly imflammable or explosive
        materials in containers for regular collection and ashes shall be
        wetted down and cool prior to collection. [Section 10-6(2)]

    d.  It shall be unlawful to deposit on or bury in any land, street,
        etc. any garbage or other noxious, offensive matter.

    e.  It shall be unlawful to fail to keep all containers clean,
        sanitary, tightly covered and in good repair.

    f.  It shall be unlawful to place any refuse on streets or sidewalks
        which might endanger pedestrian or vehicular safety.

    g.  It shall be unlawful to collect or permit to be collected by persons
        without a contract or permit.

    h.  It shall be unlawful to violate any provisions of this Ordinance.

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Liability for Violators

    Failure to remove any accumulation of refuse is a violation.
    [Section 10-5(3a-1)]

2.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Any person aggrieved by regulation or fee charged shall have right
        to appeal to City Manager who can confirm, modify or revoke
        regulation or fee. (Section 10-4)

    b.  Any container which is not in good repair shall be promptly
        replaced upon written notice from City.  [Section 10-5(2a)]

    c.  A 24-hour correction notice of violation of provisions of this
        Ordinance may be issued.  If not substantial compliance within
        24 hours,, summons may be issued. (Section 10-14)

3.  Penalties

    Correction of violation means fine of up to  $500 or up to 60 days
    imprisonment or both.  Each day violation continues is a separate
    offense. [Section 10-14(2)]
                              108

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                           FT. LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA

 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Chapter 20 of Code of Ordinances ''Garbage, Trash and Weeds''
     May 1, 1969.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Definitions

         a«  Garbage — includes every waste accumulation of animal or vegetable
             matter which attends the preparation,  use, cooking.processing,
             handling or storage of meats, fish, fowl, fruits, vegetables,
             or other matter which is subject to decomposition, decay,
             putrefaction or the generation of noxious or offensive gases,
             or odors, or which during or after decay, may serve as
             breeding or feeding material for flies,  insects or animals.

         b.  Household trash - includes every waste accumulation of paper,
             sweepings, dust, rags, bottles, cans or other matter of any
             kind, other than garbage, which is usually attendant to
             housekeeping.

         C«  Commercial trash - includes every waste accumulation of dust,
             paper, paper cartons, cardboard, cardboard cartons, excelsior,
             rags, or other accumulations, other than garbage or household
             trash, which are usually attendant to  the operation of
             stores, offices and similar businesses.

         d«  Industrial waste - includes every waste accumulation of metal,
             metal products, minerals, chemicals, rocks, cement, asphalt,
             tar,  oil, grease, glass, crockery, rubber tires, bottles,
             cans, lumber,  ashes, sawdust, wastes from animal packing or
             slaughterhouses or other materials usually created by
             commercial enterprise, but not garbage,  household trash or
             commercial trash.

         e.  Yard  trash — includes every waste accumulation of lawn, grass,  or
             shrubbery cuttings or clippings and dryleaf rakings, free of
             dirt, rocks, large branches and bulky  or noncombustible
             material.

         f.  Tree  trimmings — includes every waste  accumulation of palm
             fronds, tree branches, parts of trees, bushes or shrubs,
             greenleaf cuttings, coconuts, fruit or other matter usually
             created as refuse in the care of trees or large bushes.

         g.  Single family  residence - includes any single family dwelling,
             and is interchangeable with the word 'household.'  Where
             both  a single  family residence and a guest house occupy the
             same  premises, each of them shall constitute a separate
             living unit.
                                    109

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          h.   Multiple dwelling - includes  all places of abode,  other than
              single-family residences,  having two or more living units.

          i.   Commercial establishment - includes  any place,  building and/or
              enterprise devoted in whole or in part to a business enterprise
              whether non-profit or profit  making.in nature,  except where
              such place, building and/or enterprise constitutes a single-
              family residence or multiple  dwelling.

          j.   Living unit - includes any place of  abode which is suitable for
              permanent or transient family or individual residential use.
              Each such living unit shall be considered as single
              and separate for the purpose  of this chapter.  (Section 20.1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          a.   Director of Public Works

          b.   Refuse Superintendent

          e.   Fire Chief

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   Director of Public Works

              To approve of rules and regulations.   (Section  20-10)

          b.   Refuse Superintendent

              To enforce ordinance provisions and  systems determination.
              (Sections 20-2,  20-4 and 20-8)

          e.   Fire Chief

              To issue permits for burning. (Section 20-8)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1«  Standards and Regulations

          a.   Responsibility

              (1)  Owners, or  agents, tenants or lessees of all  residential and/or
                   commercial  establishments shall be responsible for complyin^
                   with the provisions of this Ordinance. (Section 20-3)

              (2)  All owners  or occupants  of real property located within the
                   city shall  clear and keep clear said property of all unsightly
                   and unsanitary matter accumulating thereon.  (Section 20-12)
                                    110

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    b.  Storage

        (1)   All households, multiple dwellings,  public buildings and
              commercial establishments shall provide adequate receptacles.
              Metal containers shall have handles, tight-fitting covers,
              be watertight and not exceed 32 gallons in capacity.

        (2)   All receptacles shall be kept clean  and in good repair and
              shall be subject to inspection and subsequent approval or
              condemnation by the sanitation division.  Grounds for
              condemnation are containers which are unfit,  unsafe,
              uncovered, unsanitary or do not otherwise meet the requirements
              of this chapter.

        (3)   All containers shall be kept at an easily accessible location.

        (4)   All containers shall meet the other  requirements of Section 20-4,

    c.  Collection

        (1)   Household and multiple dwellings without public dining areas -
              two collections per week for garbage and household trash.

        (2)   Multiple dwellings with two or more  cubic yards of garbage/
              household trash per week or any complex with  ten or more
              living units shall use bulk containers.  The  frequency of
              collection shall be determined by the superintendent.

        (3)   Commercial establishments and public buildings not using
              bulk containers may have up to six collections per week, but
              any building with two or more cubic  yards of  garbage,
              household trash and commercial trash shall use bulk containers.

        (4)   Yard trash will be collected on a regular collection day with
              a limit of two regulation containers combined capacity.
              (Section 20-2)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to place in container:

        (1)   Wet and unwrapped refuse;

        (2)   Cardboard or paper carton without breaking them down and
              folding flat;

        (3)   Any glass material without having covered it  to prevent  injury;

        (4)   Any animals, parts of animals or animal waste.
                                 111

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    b.  It shall be unlawful to place or cause to be placed any refuse
        upon any street,  road,  body of water, public property except at
        designated place  or private property without permission of owner.
        (Section 20-6a)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to allow accumulation of any material which
        may constitute a  nuisance or endanger the public health, safety
        or general welfare.  (Section 20-6b)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to transport any refuse without having vehicle
        completely enclosed and with material securely confined.

    e.  It shall be unlawful to bury or burn or dispose of any garbage,
        trash or similar  material except by use of a garbage disposal unit
        or in accordance  with the provision of this chapter.

ENFORCEMENT

1.   Requirements for Permit

    a.  License required  to transport refuse in city. (Section 20-7)

    b«  Application shall be made to City Treasurer. (Section 20-7)

    c.  The Fire Chief may issue a special permit for burning if certain
        conditions met.   (Section 20-8)

2.   Liability for Violators

    License may be revoked or suspended upon proper showing of
    violation of this chapter.   (Section 20-7)

3.   Penalties

    Violation of this chapter shall result, upon conviction, in
    punishment as provided in Section 1-6 this Code.  Each day of
    violation is a separate and distinct offense.
                             112

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                            JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA

 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Ordinance 69-567-562,  October 6,  1969.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     J.   Definitions

         a.   Franchise - includes  the  written  authority  granted  by  the  Council
             under this Ordinance, and all lawful franchise  agreements
             granted by the former government  of  Duval County  to engage
             in the business of garbage, rubbish  and  refuse  collection
             service within the City.

         b.   Garbage — includes every  accumulation of animal,  vegetable or
             other matter that  attends the preparation,  consumption,
             decay, dealing in  or  storage  of meats, fish,  fowl,  birds,
             fruit, or vegetables  or any other putrescible matter including
             cans, containers or wrappers  along with  such  materials.

         c.   Industrial Waste - includes waste and debris  from brick, concrete
             block, roofing shingle and tile plants,  as  well as  debris
             and waste accumulation from land  clearing,  excavating,
             building, rebuilding  and  altering of buildings, structures,
             roads, streets, sidewalks or  parkways and any waste material
             which because  of the  volume and nature does not lend itself
             to collection  with ordinary garbage  and  trash originating
             from  warehouses, abattoirs and manufacturing  plants.

         d.   Refuse - includes  the combination of mixture  of rubbish and
             garbage.

         e.   Rubbish - includes the accumulation  of paper, excelsior, rags,
             bottles,  cans, wooden and paper boxes or containers,
             sweepings and  all  other accumulations of materials  other
             than  garbage which are usual  to housekeeping  and  to the
             operation of stores,  offices  and  other business places, and
             leaves, grass, garden and yard trash, and excluding stoves,
             refrigerators, metal  furniture, auto bodies and parts,
             washing machines,  major household appliances,and  industrial
             waste.

         f.   Solid Waste Coordinator - includes a person so  designated  by the
             Director  of the Public Health and Welfare Department under the
             provisions of  this Ordinance.

         g.   Yard  Trash - includes an  accumulation of leaves,  shrubbery cuttings,
             branches, weeds, grass or other materials attending the
             care  of lawns, shrubbery,  vines,  and tree trimmings. (Section 1)
                                       113

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III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Solid Waste Coordinator (Section 9a)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To investigate complaints  against franchise holder.

          b.   To suspend operation of any franchise holder found to be in
              violation of the  provisions of this Ordinance until said violations
              cease.

          c.   To initiate charges against franchise holder for forfeiture of
              franchise.

          d.   To enforce violation of any provision of this Ordinance.
              (Section 9b)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1„  Standards and Regulations

          a.   Service shall be  provided  to each customer in franchise area
              that desires service and who pays lawful fees.(Section 10)

          b.   Franchise holder  not responsible  for any materials on private
              property as a result of construction.  Such materials shall be
              removed by the owner. (Section 11 a)

          c.   Franchise holder  shall not be responsible for collecting
              industrial waste, but shall collect yard trash or rubbish that is
              not in excess of  cubic yard per week, and all yard trash or rubbish
              in containers not exceeding 40 pounds in weight per container.
              (Section 11 a)

          d.   Garbage and refuse shall be collected at least three times weekly
              and yard and rubbish collection at least once a week, except in
              emergency situations so designated by Solid Waste Coordinator.
              (Section 11b)

          e.   Disposal of garbage,refuse and rubbish shall be in approved
              manner and place.  (Section 14)

      2.  Prohibited Activities

          a.   It shall be unlawful to operate or solicit any collection
              service except as provided in this Ordinance..(Section 2a)

          b.   It shall be unlawful to dispose of any dangerous materials in a
              manner which might be harmful to  any person.  (Section 12a)
                                   114

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        C.  It shall be unlawful for any franchise holder to litter or permt
            his employees to litter upon any street,  lot, sidewalk, bod\  of
            water, etc., nor shall this material be dropped, spilled or
            scattered from any vehicle upon any street,  raad, public or
            private place. (Section 12b)

        d.  Vehicles used shall not constitute a sanitary nuisance, (Section 12

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Franchises

        a.  Application shall be to President of Council and include nap  of
            area of desired service, schedule of proposed charges, personnel
            and equipment to be required and any other necessary it.formation.
            (Section 4)

        b.  Application shall include names of all shareholders of lO/i or
            more of the stock.  (Section 4a)

        C.  Each applicant shall include financial statement aud such statement
            shall exceed $10,000.  (Section 4b)

        d.  Any corporation or partnership shall file its incorporation or
            partnership papers with the application, (Section ^Vc)

        e.  An investigation of the criminal records  of applicants shall  ,>e
            made by the Sheriff.  (Section 5b)

        f.  No franchise shall be  granted unless the  issuance thereof is
            required by public convenience and need.  (Section 5d)

        g.  No franchise may be sold, assigned or transferred un]ess -Approveu
            by the Council. (Section 6)

        h.  If person awarded a franchise fails to commence work, within 15
            days after the effective date, such franchise tray he rurlexted at
            the option of the Council.  (Section 7)
                                             i
    2,  Administrative Proceeding

        a.  Upon filing of application a public hearing shall be held within
            20-60 days before the  Public Services Committee. Written notice
            shall be given to the  applicant and all other franchise holders
            and within 15-30 days  prior to said hearing,  Notice shall be
            given to the public by publication.  (Section 5r)
                                             I
        b.  A public hearing shall be held before the Public Services Committee
            on any request for a rate adjustment. All franchise holders shall
            receive written notice at least ten days  prior to the  hearing and
            the public shall receive notice by publication within 10-15
            days prior to the hearing.  (Section 15)
                                     115

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3.  Penalties

    Punishment not to exceed $500 and/or not more than 90 days.  Each
    day of violation is a separate and distinct offense. (Section 1b)

4.  Performance Bond

    $5,000  (Section 13)

5.  Insurance

    $100,000 - each person for bodily injury, sickness or disease
    including death resulting therefrom.         ,
    $300,000 - for each accident-
    $ 25,000 - property damage for each accident.

    Policy may not be cancelled without 30 days notice to the
    Coordinator.   Coordinator shall approve new policy at least 45
    days prior to expiration of existing policy.
                              116

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                            MIAMI, FLORIDA


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
      "Garbage,  Trash and Rubbish,''  Chapter 20,  Articles 1 and II
      Miami City  Code. Codified in 1945 and amended through 1969.

 II.  -GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.  Garbage - includes every refuse accumulation of animal,  fruit
              or  vegetable matter attending the preparation, use,  cooking
              and dealing in or storage of meats,  fish,  fowl, fruits,
              vegetables or grains.

          b.  Refuse - includes all putrescible and nonputrescible solid wastes
              (except body wastes) including garbage,  rubbish, dead animals
              and solid market and industrial wastes.

          C.  Rubbish - includes nonputrescible waste,  such as paper,  card-
              board, tin cans, yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding, crockery
              and similar materials.

          d.  Trash - includes all small discarded materials other than
              garbage, refuse and rubbish which can be  placed in appropriate
              trash containers and can be handled  at the city incinerator.

          e«  Waste - includes garbage, refuse, rubbish, and trash. (Sec. 20-19)

III.   ADMINISTRATION                       ;

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Department of Sanitation

 IV   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      Owners, lessors, managers, agents, tenants or lessees shall  be
      responsible for complying with the provisions of  this article.
      (Sec. 20-17)

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.  Storage

              (1)  Sufficient approved containers  shall  be provided. (Sec.  20.2)

              (2)  Containers shall be watertight, fitted with tight-fitting
                   lid with a handle and have a capacity not exceeding 25
                   gallons. (Sec.  20-2)
                                      117

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        (3)   Storage site shall be in an easily accessible location, be
              a platform above ground level and be so constructed so as
              to discourage breeding of rodents. (Sec.  20-3)

        (4)   Director of Sanitation may decide location of containers.
              (Sec. 20-3)

        (5)   Damaged containers and sunken placement holes shall be
              replaced or repaired. (Sec. 20-4)

        (6)   Garbage shall be wrapped and drained.  (Sec.  20-6)

        (7)   All paper cartons and boxes shall be flattened out before
              collection. (Sec. 20-4)

        (8)   All dangerous material shall be deposited in separate
              container. (Sec. 20-6)

        (9)   Newspapers and magazines not deposited in regular container
              shall be securely bound. (Sec. 20-6)

    b.  Collection

        (1)   All rubbish shall be placed next to street pavement or
              along curb line, but not in the road or in any area not
              easily accessible to collector. (Sec.  20-7)

        (2)   Collection of garbage trash shall be at least twice weekly
              (Sec. 20-8) with schedule to be set by director of sanitation.
              (Sec. 20-9)

        (3)   Collection of rubbish shall be at least once every 21 days.
              (Sec. 20-10)

        (4)   Furnitures, furnishing and appliances shall be collected at
              least once each year with date of collection to be
              announced in newspaper. (Sec. 20-11)

        (5)   The city shall not collect materials from construction sites
              and such material shall be removed by the owner of the
              property or by the contractor. (Sec. 20-12)

    c.  Transporation

        Vehicles shall be so constructed so as to prevent spillage
        or leakage of materials onto the street or any public
        place. (Sec. 20-15 and 20-16)

2.  Prohibited Activities
                                118

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        a.  It shall be unlawful to dump any refuse or rubbish on any street,
            road or public highway. (Sec. 20-14)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to deposit or bury anywhere except in an
            approved container any offensive material. (Sec. 20-16)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to transport materials without protecting
            against spillage or leakage. (Sec. 20-16)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to place in -any regular approved container
            any dangerous or explosvie material. (Sec. 2-16)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to disturb any approved containers.  This
            does not apply to the owner or occupant of premises where
            containers rest.

v.  'ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a..  All persons required to procure a commercial waste collection
            license shall submit an application to the director of finance.

        b.  Application forms are to be provided by the city.

        c.  Final decision made by city commission.

        d.  Application shall be accompanied by statement from the director
            of sanitation that he is satisfied with applicant's equipment,
            method of collection and disposal area. (Sec.  20-20 and 20-21)

    2.  Liability of Violators

        a.  Warnings that are issued shall give 24 hours for compliance and
            state the penalty for non-compliance.

        b.  There shall be a reinspection 24 hours after issuance of
            warning.

        c.  If violations continue, a summons for a court appearance shall
            be issued.  (Sec. 20-18)

    3.  Insurance

        a.  The following insurance is required of licenses  prior to
            commencing business:

            (1)   Workmen's compensation.

            (2)   Automobile liability.
                                119

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         (a)  $50,000 per person for each accident bodily injury
              liability.

         (b)  $100,000 for each accident bodily injury liability.

         (c)  $25,000 for each accident for property damage.

b.  These insurance requirements are-not construed as imposing
    liability upon the city or any official or employee.
                           120

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                               MIAMI SPRINGS,  FLORIDA
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE
         An. Ordinance Establishing Rules  and Regulations  Pertaining to Garbage
         and Trash Disposal,  Ordinance No.  351,  April 11, 1966.
II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1 o  Definitions
         a«   Commercial establishments  includes  any  hotel,  motel,  apartment
             house,  rooming house or tourist court which contains  three (3)
             or more service units,  and any  other building,  business or
             establishment of any nature or  kind whatsoever  other  than a resi-
             dential unit.

         b.   Garbage includes every  refuse accumulation  of  animal,  fruit or
             vegetable matter that attends the preparation,  use,  cooking and
             dealing in,  or storage  or  edibles,  and  any  other matter,  of any
             nature  whatsoever,  which is subject to  decay,  putrefaction and
             the generation of noxious  or offensive  gases or odors,  or which,
             during  or after decay,  may serve as breeding or feeding material
             for flies or other  germ-carrying Insects.

         C.   Garbage can includes any plastic or galvanized  metal  container of
             the type commonly sold  as  a garbage can,  of a  capacity  not less
             than twenty gallons and not to  exceed thirty gallons, having two
             handles upon the sides  thereof, or  a bail by which it may be
             lifted, and a tight-fitting metal or plastic top with handle, and
             so constructed as to permit the free discharge  of its  contents.

         d.   Mobile  container includes  any metal 14  gauge steel garbage and
             waste container with the following  minimum  specifications:   77
             3/8 inches long, 30 inches wide and 46  inches  high at the back
             edge, tapering down to  41'' at  loading  edge and shall be  mounted
             on four rubber wheels with roller bearings  and/or metal slides.
             Said mobile container shall be capable of  fitting hydraulic
             attachments  for unloading.   Said container  shall be  flyproof,
             ratproof and leakproof  and shall be fitted  with 14 gauge  steel
             constructed covers.

         e.   Garden  trash includes all  accumulations of  leaves, grass  or
             shrubbery, cuttings and other refuse attending  the care of lawns,
             shrubbery vines and trees.

         f.   Industrial wastes includes the  waste products  of canneries,
             slaughterhouses or  packing plants,  condemned food products,
             agricultural waste  products, wastes and debris  from brick,
             concrete block, roofing shingle or  tile plants, debris  and wastes
             accumulated  from land clearing, excavating, building, rebuilding
                                      121

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              and altering  of  buildings,  structures,  roads,  streets, sidewalks
              or parkways,  and any  waste  materials which,  because of their
              volume  or nature,  do  not  lend  themselves  to  collection and
              -Incineration  co-mingled with  ordinary garbage  and trash, or which,
              because of their nature or  surrounding  circumstances, should be,
              for reasons of safety or  health,  disposed of oftener than the
              city collection  service schedule  provided for  this ordinance.

          g.   Noncombustible refuse includes refuse materials that are unburnable
              at ordinary incinerator temperatures (800 to 1800 degrees F) such
              as metals, mineral matter,  large  quantities  of glass or crockery,
              metal furniture, auto bodies  or parts,  and other similar material
              or refuse not usual to housekeeping or  to operation of stores
              or offices.

          h.   Rubbish includes refuse accumulations of  paper, excelsior, rags
              or wooden or  paper boxes  or containers, sweepings, and all other
              accumulations of a nature other than garbage,  which are usual to
              housekeeping  and to the operation of stores, offices, and other
              business places, and  also any  bottles,  cans  or other containers
              which,  due to their ability to retain water, may serve as breeding
              places  for nosquitoes or  other water-breeding  insects; rubbish
              shall not include noncombustible  refuse,  as  defined above.

          i.   Waste:   garbage, rubbish, garden  trash, nonconbustible refuse
              and inc.usr.rial wastes, as herein  defined.

III.   A DM7.NT o *I K ATI 01"

      1,   Responsible Agency

          Public Service Department

      2,   Functions and Powers

          a.   To approve plans for storage of garbage and waste.  (Section 6)

          b.   To Isf.re perrdts for garbage collection and disposal.  (Section 12)

          c.   To enforce the provisions of this section.  (Section 17:c)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1,   Standards and Regulations

          a.   Each commercial establishment  shall have a sufficient number of
              garbage cans  or mobile containers and each residential unit shall
              have a  minimum of one garbage can.   (Section 3)

          b.   Garbage cans  and/or mobile  containers shall be kept tightly
              covered at all tines and  shall be capable of being closed.
              (Section 3)
                                     122

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        c.  All garbage shall be thoroughly drained of all liquid and
            wrapped in paper.  (Section 3)

        d.  Garbage cans or mobile containers shall be placed on the owner's
            property as near to an alley as is practicable.  The property
            owner shall provide an off-set in the fence, wall or hedge of
            not less than 4 feet by 10 feet for the placement of garbage cans
            or mobile containers.  (Section 4)

        e.  Every owner shall prevent the continued excessive and unsightly
            accumulation of garbage, garden trash, or other types of trash.
            (Section 7)

        f.  The materials transported upon public roads shall be adequately
            secured in such manner as to prevent the materials  from being
            blown from the transporting vehicles.  (Section 9)

        g.  Special collections outside the regular hours of operation may be
            performed for fees.  (Section 11)

        i.  All owners of land shall keep said property in a safe, clean and
            presentable condition.  (Section 18:a)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to dump or bury any waste unless permission
            has been obtained from the owner.  (Section 8)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to place in containers dangerous materials.
            (Section 10)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to permit on any lot any weeds, grass or
            other noxious matter to grow to a height of over six inches from
            the ground.  (Section 17:a)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to permit any waste to remain on any
            premises.   (Section 17b)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  A permit is required to engage in the business of garbage collection
            and disposal.  (Section 12)

        b.  No person shall collect, transport or dispose of garbage or waste
            without first having secured a permit for such services.  (Section
            13)

        c.  Permits shall be issued for one year.  The city reserves the right
            to refuse  to renew permits at the expiration date.  (Section 14a)
                                  123

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2.  Liability for Violators

    Permits nay be cancelled for violations of the provisions of
    this ordinance.  (Section 14a)

3.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  The Director of Public Works shall give notice to the owner of
        any property, whenever there is an accumulation of trash and
        rubbish.  Unless the unhealthy and hazardous condition is remedied
        within 3 days from the date of the notice, the city will undertake
        to correct the conditions and charge the expense thereof.

    b.  If the owner shall file a demand for a hearing, the Director of
        Public Works shall proceed no further in the matter and refer the
        question to the next meeting of the City Council.  (Section 18)

4.  Penalties

    a.  Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance
        shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction
        thereof shall be punished by fine not exceeding $500 or imprison-
        ment not exceeding 60 days or both.  (Section 19)

    b.  If no corrective action is taken within three days after the
        serving of notice, the violator shall be prosecuted in the
        municipal court.  (Section 17c)
                             124

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                       ST.  PETERSBURG,  FLORIDA
 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

         Ordinance  No.  154-E amending  Chapter  19  of  St.  Petersburg  City  Code,
         December 1,  1968

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration  of Policy

     2.   Definitions

         a..   Food and industrial  processing wastes includes  the waste  products
             of canneries,  slaughterhouses, packing  plants,  large quantities
             of condemned food  products,  industrial  wastes from brick, con-
             crete  block, roofing shingle or tile plants, debris and wastes
             accumulated from land,  clearing building, rebuilding and
             altering of buildings,  structures, roads, streets, sidewalks,
             parkways,  excavation by an owner  or  contractor  or work performed
             by purchase and hire of labor and materials.

         b.   Garbage  includes all refuse  accumulations of animal, fruit,  or
             vegetable matter that attends the preparation,  use, cooking and
             dealing  in, or storage  of, meats, fish,  fowl, fruit or vegetables,
             and any  other matter of any  nature whatsoever,  which is subject
             to decay,  putrefaction  and the generation of noxious or offensive
             gases  or odors, or which  during or after decay  may serve  as
             breeding or feeding  materials for flies  or  other germ-carrying
             insects; and any bottles, cans or other  containers which, due
             to their ability to  retain water, may serve as  breeding places for
             mosquitoes or other  water breeding insects.

         c.   Garbage  or rubbish can  includes'any  metal can of the type commonly
             sold as  a garbage  can which  has a capacity  of not less than ten
             gallons  and of not more than thirty  gallons.  Such can shall have
             two handles upon the sides of the can or a bail by which  it  may
             be lifted, and shall have a  tight-fitting metal top or be of the
             type and size  suitable  to be emptied in  a mechanical loading
             device approved by the  City  Manager.

         d.   Garden trash includes all accumulations  of  grass or shrubbery
             cuttings,  and other  refuse attending the care of lawns, shrubbery,
             vines, trees,  and  tree  limbs.

         e.   Rubbish  includes refuse accumulations of paper, excelsior,  rags,
             or wooden  or paper boxes  or  containers,  sweepings, and all  other
             accumulations  of a nature other than garbage, which are usual to
             housekeeping and to  the operation of stores, offices,  and other
             business places.  Rubbish shall not  include ''noncombustible
             refuse,*'  as defined in this section, but shall include such
             garden trash as shall be  capable  of  deposit in  a rubbish  container.
                                       125

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          f.  Noncombustibles and certain other refuse not acceptable for
              incineration includes refuse materials that are unburnable at
              ordinary incinerator temperatures, eight hundred degrees Fahrenheit
              to eighteen hundred degrees Fahrenheit, and certain other refuse
              which for reasons for engineering and/or health considerations are
              not acceptable for incineration.  Examples are: tires, rocks,
              sand, bricks, roofing or other building materials, metals,
              mineral matter, large quantities of glass or crockery, metal
              furniture, auto bodies or parts and other similar material or
              refuse not usual to housekeeping or the operation of stores or
              offices.  (Section 19.01)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1,,  Responsible Agency

          a.  Division of Sanitation

          b.  City Manager

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  Division of Sanitation

              (1) To change the capacity of garbage in rubbish cans.  (Section
                  19.02)

              (2) To exempt eating establishments from wrapping wet garbage.
                  (Section 19.03)

              (3) To inspect and condemn all containers.  (Section 19.06)

              (4) To designate exemptions to collection frequency.  (Section
                  19.07)

              (5) To give permits to owner or occupant for private removal and
                  disposal from his own premises.  (Section 19.11)

          b.  City Manager

              (1) To authorize persons, methods, and areas for burial of
                  garbage.  (Section 19.08)

              (2) To issue and revoke license to remove, transport or dispose
                  of any garbage or rubbish in the city.  (Section 19.12 and
                  19.15)

              (3) To place red tags on containers at premises where fees not
                  paid.  (Section 19.17)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations
                                     126

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    a.  All residents, occupants, or owners must provide approved garbage
        or rubbish cans.  (Section 19.02)

    b.  Garbage and trash must be separate, and wet garbage must be drained
        and wrapped.  (Section 19.03)

    c.  Containers must be kept tightly covered except when depositing or
        removing material.  (Section 19.04)

    d.  Containers must be kept on own property and easily accessible to
        collectors.  (Section 19.05)

    e.  All containers shall be emptied at least twice a week.  (Section
        19.07)

    f.  Other waste and noncombustible refuse must be disposed of by
        owner, occupant or constructor.  (Section 19.18)

    g.  Garden trash up to one 30 gallon can or one box not to exceed 50
        pounds in weight or bundle not to exceed 4 feet in length or 30
        inches in diameter may be deposited with each regular collection day if
        placed next to regular garbage containers. (Section 19.20)

    h.  All fees must be made as prerequisite to city collection service.
        (Section 19.22)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to deposit garbage in rubbish cans.  (Section
        19.03)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to put garbage or rubbish in a can in such a
        manner that the lid will not fit tightly.  (Section 19.04)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to place any rubbish or garbage in a con-
        demned can.  (Section 19.06)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to bury garbage without a permit.  (Section
        19.08)

    e.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage without a permit.  (Section
        19.09)

    f.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any garbage or rubbish upon
        premises of another, street, alley, walkway, public property,
        water, canal, lake or any other like area.  (Section 19.10)

    g.  It shall be unlawful to remove old tags on cans or premises of
        those who have not paid fees.

    h.  It shall be unlawful to accumulate rubbish, garbage, or garbage
        trash longer than 4 days without having arranged for some approved
        means of disposal.  (Sections 19.19 and 19.20)
                                 127

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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

        a.  A permit is required for private disposal, and a license is required
            for a person to collect, transport, or dispose of garbage
            originating in city.  (Section 19.12)

        b.  Application must be made to City Manager who may accept or reject
            without cause.

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        a.  All containers are subject to inspection by Sanitation Department
            and subsequent approval or condemnation.  (Section 19.06)

        b.  The city must inspect all occupied residences or commercial
            establishment and remove all accumulated garbage or rubbish or
            notify occupants that city will not remove it.  (Section 19.21)

    3.  Liability for Violators  (Section 19.15)

        Revocation of license for violation of ordinance.
                                     128

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                          SARASOTA,  FLORIDA
 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
     Ordinance Relating to Disposal  of Refuse.   Ordinance  No.  1648,
     15 September 1919.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Definitions

         a.   Refuse includes  all useless,  unused,  unwanted or  discarded  materials
             of solid nature  such as:

             (1)  Food and industrial  wastes  includes  the  waste  products of
                  canneries,  slaughterhouses,  packing  plants,  large  quantities
                  of condemned food  products,  industrial waste from  brick,
                  concrete block, roofing  shingle  or tile  plants,  debris and
                  wastes  accumulated from  land  clearing, building, rebuilding
                  and altering of buildings,  structures, roads,  streets,
                  sidewalks,  parkways,  excavating  by an owner  or contractor
                  or work performed  by purchase and hire of labor  and  materials.

             (2)  Garbage includes all refuse  accumulations of animal, fruit
                  or vegetable matter  that attends the preparation,  use,
                  cooking and dealing  in,  or  storage of, meats,  fish,  fowl,
                  fruit or vegetables,  and any  other matter of any nature
                  whatsoever  which is  subject  to decay, putrefaction,  and the
                  generation  of noxious or offensive gases or  odors, of  which
                  during  or after decay, may  serve as  breeding or  feeding
                  materials for flies  or other  germ-carrying insects   and
                  any bottles, cans  or other  containers which, due to  their
                  ability to  retain  water, may  serve as breeding places  for
                  mosquitoes  or other  water-breeding insects.

             (3)  Garden  trash includes all accumulations  of grass or  shrubbery
                  cuttings, and other  refuse  attending the care  of lawns,
                  shrubbery,  vines,  trees  and  tree limbs and stumps.

         b.   Refuse container includes  any container with  a capacity of  not less
             than thirty  (30) gallons  made of  galvanized iron  or durable plastic.
             Refuse containers may be  of greater capacity  or made  of different
             material where approved by the Superintendent.

         c.   Trash includes refuse accumulations of paper,  excelsior,  rags,
             wooden or paper  boxes or  containers,  sweepings  and  all  other
             accumulations of a nature  other  than  garbage,  which are usual
             to housekeeping  and to  the operation  of stores, offices and other
             business places.  ''Trash'' shall  not include ''garden  trash,''
             as defined in this section.   (Section 1)
                                     129

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III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          a.  Division of Refuse Collection and Disposal  (Superintendent)
              (Section 1a)

          b.  City Manager  (Section 14i)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  Superintendent

              (1)   To approve use of special containers.  (Section 8b)

              (2)   To designate locations for storage of refuse containers.
                    (Section 10b)

              (3)   To inspect for approval or condemnation all refuse con-
                    tainers.  (Section 10b)

              (4)   To direct disposal of infectious or highly inflammable or
                    explosive materials.  (Section 11c & d)

          b.  City Manager

              To promulgate and enforce such rules and regulations not
              inconsistent with this Ordinance.  (Section 14i)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  All residents, occupants, owners of private or business buildings
              shall either have their refuse disposed of by city or make
              arrangements for private disposal in accordance with this
              ordinance.  (Sections 2 & 8)

          b.  All owners, operators, contractors and custodians shall remove
              all food and industrial wastes, large tree stumps and spent oil
              and greases.

         • c.  All containers shall keep clean and sanitary and in a place easily
              accessible to collector.  This place shall be in the alley, if
              premises served by an alley; otherwise containers shall be kept
              on property of owner in place designated by superintendent.
              (Section 10a)

          d»  Condemned containers shall be immediately replaced by a new
              container.  (Section 10c)
                                       130

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    e.  Sunken cans, if used, shall be so installed to be 6 inches above
        grade.  (Section 10e)

    f.  All containers shall be emptied at least twice a week or more
        frequently if required or requested.   (Section 11 a)

    g.  Infectious, inflammable and explosive materials; and human or
        animal wastes shall not be placed in  containers for regular
        collection.  (Section 11c, d, & e")

    h.  No receptacle for storage of refuse may exceed 30 gallons in
        capacity unless it can be mechanically dumped.  (Section 11f)

    i.  No refuse can shall exceed 50 pounds  in weight.

    j.  All garbage shall be drained and deposited daily, with wet
        garbage being wrapped before being placed in the container.
        Containers shall be kept tightly covered at all times except when
        depositing refuse.  (Section 12b)

    k.  Garden trash will be collected with the refuse if it is placed
        in containers or bundled or boxed in  sizes and weights not exceed-
        ing limits set by Superintendent and  is placed at the curb.
        Containers shall not exceed 30 gallons in capacity and 50 pounds
        in weight.  Bundles or boxes shall not exceed 36 x 24 inches
        and 50 pounds in weight.  (Sections 7b and 12c)

    1.  Usually large quantities of refuse collected upon payment of a
        special fee.  (Section 12d)

    m.  Unless special arrangements are made, no refuse will be collected
        unless placed in proper containers.  (Section 13)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to permit accumulation of refuse for
        longer than 4 days without having arranged for its disposal.
        (Section 2)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to fail to provide sufficient refuse con-
        tainers to contain all refuse between collections.  (Section 4)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to remove or dispose, burn, bury or trans-
        port any garbage or trash without permit.  (Sections 5, 6, & 14)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any refuse in premises of another,
        in any canal, waterway, rock pit, -f-ool or lake or in any containers
        belonging to another.  (Section 7)

    e.  It shall be unlawful to place any garbage or trash into a con-
        demned container.  (Section 10c)

    £4  It shall be unlawful to deposit any garbage or trash which will
        not permit the lid of such container  to tightly fit into place.
        (Section 10d)
                                 131

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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

        a.  Applications for permits to remove, dispose of garbage or trash
            shall specify name and address of persons who are to remove it,
            type of vehicle and location and manner of ultimate disposition
            of garbage.  (Sections 5 & 14)

        b.  Applications for permits to bury garbage shall describe the
            approximate accumulation and the place, manner, and depth of
            burial, which shall not be less than 36 inches.  (Section 6b)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        All refuse containers shall be subject to inspection and approval
        of condemnation by the Superintendent.  (Section 10b)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        Any special permit for collection or disposal of garbage or
        trash may be revoked at any time for failure to comply with any
        regulation or requirement.  (Section 14h)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        When any container is condemned, the Superintendent shall place
        or attach a notice to that effect on the container.  (Section
        10c)

    5.  Penalties

        Any person found guilty of violating the provisions of this
        ordinance shall, upon conviction, be punished according to
        City Code.  (Section 16)

    6.  Performance Bonds

        A surety bond of $10,000 is required.  (Section 14f)
                                  132

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                      GRANGEVILLE, IDAHO

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance relating to Health and Sanitation, Ordinance No. 404,
      June 1, 1969,

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          The maintenance of Health and Sanitation require, and it is the
          intention hereof to make the collection, removal and disposal of
          garbage, refuse and dead animals within the City of Grangeville,
          Idaho, compulsory and universal.  (Section 2)

      2.  Definitions

          a.   Garbage includes all putrescible wastes, except sewage and body
              waste, including waste accumulated of animal food or vegetable
              matter, and waste that attends the preparation, use, cooking,
              dealing in or storing meat, fish, fowl, fruit and vegetables and
              all of such wastes or accumulations of vegetable matter of
              residences, restaurants, hotels and places where food is prepared
              for human consumption.  The term ''garbage'' shall not include
              recognized industrial by-products.

          b.   Rubbish includes refuse other than garbage (tin cans, bottles,
              ashes, paper, pasteboard, cardboard or wooden boxes, brush,
              leaves, weeds and cuttings from trees, lawns, shrubs and gardens
              or other waste materials produced in normal course of doing
              business of every day living).  The term ''rubbish'' shall not
              include recognized industrial by-products.

          C.   Refuse includes solid wastes, including garbage and rubbish.

          d.   Waste includes unwanted solid, liquid or gaseous materials.
              (Section 4)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Chief of Police under whom there shall be a Sanitary Inspector.
          (Section 5)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          To  issue licenses or franchises, exclusive or non-exclusive,
          for the collection, removal and disposal of refuse.  (Section 3)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION
                                      133

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1.   Standards  and Legislation

    a.   Every  owner and  occupant  shall  use  the refuse  collection and
        disposal system  provided  in  this  ordinance.   (Section 6)

    b.   Every  owner or occupant  shall keep  portable  approved metal or
        plastic containers  for deposit  of rubbish  and  garbage.

        (1)    Garbage shall be wrapped  prior to deposit.

        (2)    Containers shall be watertight,  not  easily  corrodible, rodent
              and fly proof, and  equipped with handles and a close fitting
              lid.

        (3)    Capacity shall be between 10-32  gallons  capacity.

        (4)    Containers shall be not less  than 28 gauge  galvanized metal
              or the plastic equivalent.

        (5)    Lid shall  not be removed  except  to place or remove garbage
              or rubbish from  container.

        (6)    Such containers  shall  be  kept in sanitary condition and
              clear of all  grease and decomposing  material so that no
              odor will  exist.

        (7)    All containers shall be placed in place  accessible to the
              collector.  (Section 12)

    C.   Rubbish consisting  of  cardboard,  wooden boxes and garden trash
        may  be deposited next  to  containers if bulk  materials are in a
        can, box, sack,  or  container and  brush shall be tied in  bundles
        not  more than 4  feet in  length  and  75  pounds in weight.   (Section
        14)

    d.   Collection of rubbish  and garbage shall be at  least once a week.
        (Section 13)

    e.   For  premises and businesses  with  large accumulations of  garbage,
        rubbish and garbage shall be deposited separately in suitable
        containers.  (Section  15)

    £.   Dirt and debris  from construction or lawn  renovation, rocks,
        stones, concrete, automobile bodies and parts, dead animals,
        building materials  such  as masonry, plaster, scrap lumber and
        similar materials,  are not acceptable  for  collection, and the
        collector is not required to pick up the same. Such items shall
        be collected and disposed of by the building contractor, owner or
        occupant of the  premises.

    g.   For  collection,  suitable  covered  or enclosed trucks approved by
        the  Inspector shall be used.  (Section 20)
                                 134

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    h.  City may require each collector to have contract to use approved
        disposal site.  (Section 18)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in business of
        collecting, transporting, hauling, or conveying any refuse over
        the streets or alleys, or to dump or dispose of the same unless
        and until such person is licensed"or has a contract or franchise.
        (Section 8)

    be  It shall be unlawful to allow accumulation of garbage or refuse
        so as to create a nuisance or offensive odor or rodent
        harborage.  (Section 9)

    c.  It shall be unlaswful for any person to burn, incinerate, bury,
        dump, collect, remove or dispose of rubbish or garbage except as
        provided.

        (1)   An approved interior incinerator from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00
              p.m. shall be used for burning rubbish only.

        (2)   Exterior incinerator built of noncombustible material and
              covered by 1/2 inch wire mesh screen may be used to burn
              rubbish between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.

        (3)   Burning of rubbish may be done on vacant lots by owner
              upon obtaining a permit from Fire Department.

        (4)   Ashes from approved burning sites shall be placed in
              suitable containers for collection, no glowing coals or
              smoldering material shall be left for collection, unless
              collector is notified.  (Section 10)

    d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit any waste material
        on any public or private property unless authorized to do so.
        (Section 11)

3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities

    The City Council may designate a city disposal site.  The site
    shall be chosen with regard to drainage and topography.  All
    methods of disposal shall be approved and the inspector shall
    have right to enforce rules and regulations.  (Section 18)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

    The Mayor and Council have the sole authority to license, con-
    tract for, or otherwise provide all services and is authorized
    to enter into contracts for refuse collection and disposal.
    (Section 22)
                                 135

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2.  Inspection Procedure

    City inspector shall have right to go upon any premises at any
    reasonable time to inspect all places and containers where
    rubbish and for trash is accumulated or kept.  (Section 21)

3.  Liability for Violator

    a.  Any failure to comply with this ordinance is sufficient reason
        for revocation of license, franchise or contract.   (Section  18)

    b.  If fees to city are not paid, the city may refuse sanitation
        service.  (Section 7)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    All complaints and problems shall be referred initially to
    Health and Sanitation Committee of City Council and any decision
    may be appealed to City Council at next regular meeting.
    (Section 6)

5.  Penalties

    Any person violating ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
    and if found guilty, shall be fined by sum not exceeding  $300
    or imprisonment not exceeding 30 days or both.  (Section  25)

6.  Performance Bonds

    The City Council may require a bond in a reasonable amount.
    (Section 22)
                             136

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                     IDAHO FALLS,  IDAHO

 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Chapter 5,  Garbage,  Idaho Palls  Code,  10  December 1962  as  amended
     through Ordinance No.  1176,  4 January  1967.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         It is necessary for the  preservation  of health,  safety,  sanita-
        • tion, peace and public welfare that proper and adequate  regula-
         tions be adopted to require  property  owners,  tenants,  occupants,
         or lessees to secure containers and receptables  of  sufficient
         kind and size in which to deposit  waste, refuse,  trash,  garbage
         and rubbish for collection and removal  at regular intervals.
         (Section 8-5-1)

     2.   Definitions

             a.   Refuse includes  garbage and trash as  defined in  this  section.

             b.   Garbage includes  wastes resulting from the  handling,  preparation,
                 cooking and consumption of food, and  wastes from the  handling
                 and storage of produce.

             c»   Ashes and clinkers includes residue from fire  used for cooking,
                 heating or burning of  trash,  after combustion  has entirely
                 ceased and the residue has entirely cooled.

             d.   Trash includes wastes  other than garbage,  such as tin cans,
                 bottles, dust, ashes,  clinkers, paper, pasteboard, cardboard,  or
                 wooden boxes, lumber scraps and shavings,  leaves, weeds,  cuttings
                 from trees, lawns, shrubs  and gardens, other similar  waste
                 materials  produced in  normal  course of every day living.   The  term
                 ''trash''  shall not  include recognized construction wastes,
                 industrial wastes or by-products, carcasses of dead animals,
                 appliances, furniture, automobile parts  and bodies, and other
                 similar  items.

             e.   Collector  includes any person holding a  license  or contract with
                 the city,  or employed  and  thereby authorized and designated by
                 the City to collect, handle,  transport and  dispose of refuse.

             f.   Approved containers  includes  those containers  which have  been
                 approved by the  Inspector  as  to type  and  make.   They  shall be
                 constructed of galvanized  metal or other  material which is
                 strong,  not easily corrodible,  rodent, fly  and dog proof,  with
                 two handles, a capacity of not  more than  32 gallons,  and  have
                 a tight  fitti*   lid  or cover.   (Section  8-5-3)
                                      137

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III.      ADMINISTRATION

          1.  Responsible Agency

              The Mayor and the City Council.

          2.  Functions and Powers

              a.  To license, contract or perform all services pertaining to
                  collection and disposal of refuse.

              b.  To establish reasonable fees for refuse collection and disposal
                  services.

              c.  To enter into contracts with one or more contractors.

              d.  To establish reasonable rules and regulations governing the
                  conduct and operation of such licensees or contractors.
                  (Section 8-5-17)

 IV.      SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

          1.  Standards and Regulations

              a.  Every person shall use the refuse collection and disposal
                  system.  (Section 8-5-4)

              b.  No person shall deposit refuse on or below the surface of the
                  ground other than in a manner prescribed herein.  (Section8-5-5)

              c.  Refuse vehicles shall be so equipped and operated as to prevent
                  refuse from being blown, dropped or spilled therefrom and
                  offensive odors escaping therefrom.  (Section 8-5-6)

              d.  Every person shall provide and maintain approved containers of
                  sufficient number and size to hold all refuse accumulating on the
                  premises.  (Section 8-5-7)

              e.  All refuse that is mixed with water or other liquids shall be
                  drained and wrapped in paper before being placed in the con-
                  tainer.  Thirty-two gallon containers when filled shall not
                  weigh more than 75 pounds.  The lid or cover of every refuse
                  container shall be kept securely in place at all times.
                  (Section 8-5-8)

              f.  Grass, leaves, weeds, clippings from trees and shrubs, may be
                  placed in cardboard cartons, hushel baskets or wooden boxes .
                  (Section 8-5-9)

              g.  The burning of refuse, other than that prohibited in this section,
                  shall be permitted between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
                  only.  Approved incinerators may be used to burn trash.   (Section
                  8-5-11)
                                    138

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    h.  Refuse shall be collected at least once each week.   (Section
        8-5-12)

    i.  The disposal of all refuse collected shall be in the City
        Sanitary Landfill and under the supervision of the Inspector.
        (Section 8-5-19)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to accumulate any refuse upon any street so
        as to cause a public nuisance or a menace to public health.
        (Section 8-5-5)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to burn any garbage, or carcasses of  dead
        animals or dead fowls, or any other refuse.  (Section 8-5-11)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to burn grass or weeds off any lot without
        first receiving permission from the Fire Department.  (Section
        8-5-11)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to meddle with refuse containers.   (Section
        8-5-14)

    e.  It shall be unlawful to salvage except under the authority and
        direction of the Mayor and Council.  (Section 8-5-15)

    f.  It shall be unlawful to fail to appear in response to and  as
        required by the citation.  (Section 8-5-23)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Permits

    Ajjy person desiring a franchise for the collection and disposal
    of refuse shall make application to the City Council.  Any
    franchise so granted shall be subject to the terms and conditions
    of the City Charter and this Chapter.  (Section 8-5-16)

2.  Infection Procedure

   »A11 appropriate officers of the City shall have the right of
    ingress -*r egress to any premises for the purpose of inspecting
    all places,and containers where refuse is kept.  (Section 8-5-18)

3.  Liability for Violators

    Persons who are given a written citation for violation of any
    provision of this Chapter shall appear in Police Court within
    5 days after such citation is issued.  (Section 8-5-22)
                      139

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                             MOSCOW,  IDAHO
 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
     An Ordinance Regulating and  Controlling  the  Storage,  Collection,
     Transportation and Disposal  of  Refuse, Ordinance  No.  1112,  August
     15, 1966.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Definitions

         a.   Garbage - includes all  putrescible waste,  except  sewage and  body
             wastes, including waste accumulated  of  animal,  food or
             vegetable matter, and including  waste  that attends  the pre-
             paration, use,  cooking, dealing  in or  storing of  meat, fish,
             fowl, fruit and vegetables,  and  cans,  boxes,  cartons, papers
             or other objects which  have  food or  other organic materials
             of any nature in or  adhering thereto,  and includes  all of
             such wastes or  accumulations of  vegetable matter  of residences,
             restaurants, hotels  and places where food is  prepared for
             human consumption.

         b*   Rubbish - includes refuse  other  than garbage  (tin cans, bottles,
             ashes, paper, pasteboard,  cardboard  or  wooden boxes, brush,
             leaves, weeds and cuttings from  trees,  lawns, shrubs and
             gardens or other waste  materials accumulated  in the normal
             course of everyday living).

         c.   Refuse - includes solid wastes,  including garbage and rubbish.

         d.   Garbage Can - includes  a standard tapered garbage can regularly
             sold in hardware stores as ''garbage cans'" and may be of
             various metals  having a tight fitting  lid, rodent proof and
             in no event weighs more than seventy-five pounds  gross
             loaded weight,  and does not exceed thirty gallons in capacity.

         e.   Owner or Occupant -  includes every person in  possession, charge
             or in control of any dwelling, flat, rooming  house  or any
             eating place, shop,  place  of business,  manufacturing or
             business establishment  where garbage or other refuse is
             created or accumulated.

         f.   Collector - includes the City of Moscow or any  person, as  defined
             in this Ordinance, employed  by or holding a contract with
             the City to collect, handle, transport  and dispose  of refuse.
             (Section 1)
                                     140

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III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          The responsible person,  appointed by the City Council, shall
          work tinder the direction of the City Council and in cooperation
        - with the City Health Officer or his representative. (Section 2)

      2.  Functions and powers of  the Mayor and the Council.

          a.   To license, contract or perform all services pertaining to
              sanitary collection  and disposal.

          b«   To establish reasonable fees for licenses.

          c.   To establish reasonable rules and regulations.  (Section 13)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.   Every person must use the refuse collection and disposal
              system.  (Section 4)

          b.   Every person must keep all garbage and rubbish  in garbage cans or
              other approved type  of container.  All garbage  must be wrapped in
              paper.  All containers must be watertight and not easily corrod-
              ible, must be rodent and flyproof, and must be  equipped with
              handles and a close-fitting lid.  Such containers shall be not
              less than five gallons capacity, nor more than  30 gallons capacity,
              and shall be limited to 75 pounds.  Such containers must be kept
              in sanitary conditions.  (Section 7)

          c.   All garbage and rubbish must be removed from private residences
              at least once a week.  Business establishments  must receive
              service daily except Sundays and holidays.  (Section 8)

          d.   Bulk materials, such as leaves, shall be in a can, box or sack
              for ease of loading, and brush and similar material shall be
              tied in bundles not  to exceed four feet in length.  (Section 9)

          e.   Refuse must be enclosed to prevent scattering or blowing or loss
              of the refuse being  transported.  (Section 10)

          f.   The City Council may designate the City disposal site.  The
              location of the site shall be chosen with regard to drainage and
              topography for the operation of sanitary landfill.  The method of
              earth fill and amount and depth of layers of earth and regulations
              for control of vermin shall be prescribed by the City.  (Section 11)

          g.   Bulk and dangerous materials are not acceptable for regular
              collection.  (Section 14)
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        h.  Hours for collection shall be between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.
            for the residential area and between 5:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.  for
            business zone.  (Section 15)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to accumulate refuse on any premise.
            (Section 5)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to burn, incinerate, bury or dump garbage.
            No person shall litter any rubbish or garbage in or on any
            street.  (Section  6)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to maintain any bonfire or rubbish fire
            without a proper authorization.   (Section 6A and 6B)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Refuse collectors  shall have licenses.  (Section 3)

        b.  A permit is required to maintain any bonfire or rubbish fire.
            (Section 6A)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        a.  The inspector has  the authority  of a police officer to enforce
            all ordinances governing the City disposal site.  (Section 11)

        b.  No person shall deny the inspector the right of ingress or egress
            to any premises for the purpose  of inspection.  (Section 12)

    3.  Administrative Proceedings

        Collection fee and rate changes wilt be established after first
        having published a notice of the hearing ten days prior to such
        hearing.  (Section 16)

    4.  Penalties

        Any person who violates the provisions of this Ordinance shall be
        guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined
        in any amount not exceeding $100.00  or by imprisonment not exceeding
        30 days, or by both.  (Section 20)

    So  Perfortaan-.e Bond

        The City Council may require any collector or contractor a bond in a
        reasonable amount, the condition of  which shall be the satisfactory
        performance of the contract.  (Section 13)
                                     142

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                      MOLINE,  ILLINOIS
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE
          "Garbage, Refuse and Scavengers1'  Chapter 21  of Revised Ordinances of
          the City of Molina, Illinois,  February 28, 1962.

-II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

          Definitions

          a.  Garbage includes animal, vegetable or mineral waste products
              resulting from the handling,  storage, preparation,  cooking or
              consumption of food or any matter that may decompose and become
              offensive or dangerous to  health, including but  not limited to
              body waste of household pets.

          b.  Refuse includes ashes, miscellaneous  rubbish and commercial rub-
              bish and garbage.

          c.  Miscellaneous rubbish includes  material or substance discarded
              as worthless, such as paper,  rags, cardboard, wearing apparel,
              excelsior, sticks, chips,  leaves, straw, bottles,  glass, crockery,
              metals, plastics,  tin cans and  other  discarded household articles.

          d.  Commercial rubbish includes trade wastes such as packing, paper,
              cardboard, excelsior, straw,  crates,  boxes, acids,  oils, chemicals,
              grease, tires, vehicle and aircraft parts, discarded merchandise,
              glass ,plastic ,inetals, crockery  ashes, cinders, garbage and other
              waste products or materials including construction waste, such
              as earth, plaster, metals, wood,  plastics, tile, brick,  concrete,
              terra cotta, slate, marble and  minerals.

          e.  Class A Scavenger includes any  person or firm engaged in the
              collection, removal, transportation and disposal of the  contents
              of any vault, tank or container,  whether above or below  grade,
              which consists of garbage.

          f.  Class B Scavenger includes any  person or firm engaged in the
              collection, removal, transportation or disposal  of refuse.
              (Section 21.01)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          a.  Sanitation Officer

          b.  Sanitation Foreman
                                   143

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     2.  Functions and Powers

         ac  Sanitation Officer

             (1)   To administer and supervise garbage and refuse collection
                   arid disposal.

             (2)   To employ such people as the Mayor and Council deem necessary.

             (3)   To submit monthly report.  (Section 21.02)

         b*  Sanitation Foreman

             (1)   To assist Sanitation Officer in supervision of garbage and
                   refuse collection and disposal.

             (2)   To direct personnel.

             (3)   To investigate complaints.

             (4)   To inspect unfit containers.  (Section 21.03)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.,  Standards and Regulations

         a.  Storage

             (1)   Occupant or owner of building where garbage is created shall
                   provide and maintain in good repair a sufficient number of
                   containers.  Said containers shall be metal, have tight
                   covers, be watertight, have suitable handles and be between
                   8-20 gallons.  (Section 21.05a)

             (2)   In an apartment or tenement, owner or occupant shall provide
                   at least one container for each 2 persons residing in the
                   building.  (Section 21.05)

             (3)   Ashes may be placed in metal containers with capacity not to
                   exceed 20 gallons or 2% cubic feet.  Miscellaneous rubbish
                   shall be placed in suitable containers not exceeding 100
                   pounds when full.  Large discarded household articles shall
                   not exceed 10 cubic feet in content and not weigh more than
                   100 pounds.  (Section 21.05b)

             (4)   In apartment buildings one or 1^ cubic yard metal container
                   equipped for mechanical dumping may be used in place of
                   eight 20 gallon containers.  (Section 21.05c)

             (5)   Containers shall be placed at collection point by occupant
                   or owner of premise.  (Section 21.06)
                                       144

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        (6)   Containers shall be cleaned at least twice a year.
              (Section 21.07)

        (7)   Garbage must be wrapped and placed in disposable containers.
              (Section 21.04)

    b.  Disposal

        (1)   Commercial rubbish shall be "disposed of at the expense of
              the occupant or owner by him or by a licensed class B
              scavenger.  (Section 21.12)

        (2)   Miscellaneous rubbish shall be collected as provided for in
              this ordinance if placed in suitable containers.  (Section
              21.13)

        (3)   The municipal disposal area is the area designated by the
              City Council and approved by Board of Health.  (Section 21.1^)

        (4)   Garbage, refuse, miscellaneous refuse or commercial refuse
              may not be dumped within the city limits except with express
              permission from the City Council.  If permission granted, such
              dumping must be according the rules and regulations of the
              Board of Health.  Such permission may be withdrawn at any time
              upon 24 hours written notice.  (Section 21.19)

    c.  Standards for Class B Scavengers  (Section 21.20)

        (1)   All equipment used for collection must be of the packer type
              or other approved design.

        (2)   All ordinances and laws which are applicable must be
              complied with.

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to place out for collection garbage, ashes or
        miscellaneous rubbish unless properly prepared.  These materials
        must be kept in proper containers and no person shall disturb the
        container contents.  (Section 21.04)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to place in refuse or garbage containers any
        infected or contagious refuse.  All such refuse shall be burned
        on premises and the ashes placed in suitable containers.  If
        burning is impossible, the Sanitation officer shall supervise the
        collection of said refuse.  (Section 21.08)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to place inflammable or explosive materials
        in containers used for garbage or refuse.  (Section 21.09)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to convey garbage or refuse that is putrid,
        offensive in odor or constitutes a health .hazard, except in a
                                  145

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            tightly closed container or especially constructed container
            approved by the Board of Health.  (Section 21.11)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        Application must be made to the city clerk and a license must be
        obtained for each vehicle used.  (Section 21.14)

    2.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Whenever a licensee has not complied with a section of this
            ordinance, the health authority may give a written notice to comply
            within a period not to exceed 30 days.  If corrections are not
            made,, the license may be suspended.  The licensee may request a
            hearing within 3 days after receipt of the notice.

        b.  The Board of Health shall call a hearing for serious and/or
            repeated violations.

        c.  Hearings shall be conducted by the Board of Health at a time
            designated by the Chairman.  They shall sustain, modify or rescind
            any official notice or order under consideration and furnish a
            written report to the license holder. (Section 21.21)

    3.  Penalties

        A fine of $5 - 100 with each day of violation constituting
        separate and distinct offense.  (Section 21.18)

    4.  Performance Bonds

        $50.  (Section 21.14)
                                     146

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                          RICHMOND, INDIANA
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE
      Garbage and Rubbish Control Ordinance,  Ordinance No.  2432-1969,
      effective May 1,  1970.

 H.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy.

          This ordinance is designed to control solid waste material in the
          City of Richmond, Indiana, by providing for the establishment
          and enforcement of rules and regulations,  providing for permits
          for private operators,  establishing limitations and prohibiting
          certain acts  causing solid waste disposal  problems, and providing
          for fines for violation of the provisions  of this ordinance.
          (Section 1.2)

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Bulky Items includes any refuse which  because of its size, shape
              or weight cannot be handled by  normal  disposal methods.

          b.  Construction Refuse includes all refuse resulting from the
              construction, alteration or repair of  any building, structure,
              roadway,  sidewalk,  etc.

          c.  Garbage includes those putrescible wastes resulting from the
              growing,  handling,  storage, preparation, cooking, and consumption
              of food.

          d.  Industrial Refuse includes solid refuse resulting from any
              manufacturing process.

          e.  Open Burning includes any fire  from which the products of com-
              bustion are emitted directly into the  outdoor atmosphere without
              passing through a stack.

          f.  Refuse includes all putrescible and non-putrescible solid wastes,
              with the  exception  of body wastes, and includes garbage,  rubbish,
              ashes, street sweepings, dead animals, and industrial and
              construction wastes.

          g.  Rubbish includes all non-putrescible wastes including all com-
              bustible  wastes including non-combustible substances.  (Section
              1.3)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency
                                       147

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             Board of Sanitary Commissioners,  headed by the Superintendent
             of the City Sanitary District.

     2.  Functions and Powers

         a*   To administer and enforce this  ordinance,

             (1)  Receive and institute complaints.

             (2)  Institute enforcement actions.

             (3)  Prepare and execute public relations program.  (Section
                  2.1B)

         b.   To collect and dispose of all garbage and rubbish within the
             City.  (Section 2.1C)

         c.   To issue private operators permits.   (Section 3.1)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.   Storage

             (1)  All containers and the manner of preparation of garbage
                  trash shall be approved by the  Board of Sanitary Commas -
                  sioners and adopted by regulation.  (Section 4.1A)

             (2)  Containers shall be located at  a readily accessible place
                  for removal.  Where collection  is  from street, containers
                  shall be placed adjacent to the street in a neat, orderly
                  and sanitary manner.  (Section  4.1B)

         b.   Collection

             (1)  Garbage shall be collected at least once a week,  (Section
                  4.2A)

             (2)  Types and locations of businesses  and industries to be
                  provided with collection service shall be at the direction
                  of the superintendent with the  approval of the Board.
                  (Section 4.2B)

             (3)  Construction and industrial refuse shall not be collected.
                  (Section 4.1C)

             (4)  Bulky items will only be collected by prior arrangement.
                  (Section 4.2C)

             (5)  No  explosive material shall be placed in any container.
                  (Section 4.3C)
                                    148

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        c»  Disposal

            (1)  There shall be no burning without a permit from the
                 Sanitary Commission.   (Section 5A)

            (2)  All disposal of garbage shall be by an approved method
                 of incineration, garbage grinding, or sanitary landfill.
                 (Section 5B)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to accumulate garbage and rubbish.  (Section
            5.1)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any garbage or rubbish in any
            place unless enclosed in an approved container.  (Section 5.2A)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to burn any refuse without a permit.
            (Section 5.3C)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1,  Requirements for Permits

        a.  A private operator permit is required to collect, transport,
            or dispose of garbage or rubbish.  (Section 2.1D)

        b.  Application shall be made to Board of Sanitary Commissioners
            which shall cause an inspection to be made prior to issuing
            certificate of approval.  (Section 3.2)

        c.  Permits shall not be transferable.  (Section 3.3B)

        d.  The fee shall be $30.00 per truck per year beginning as of
            January 1.  (Section 3.3A)

    2.  Penalties

        Any person who violates any of  the provisions of this ordinance
        shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof,
        shall pay a fine of not more than $300.00.  For the second and
      -  each subsequent offense the fine shall not exceed $300.00 to
        which may be added imprisonment not to exceed 90 days.   (Section
        6.1)

    3.  Insurance

        Before issuance of any permit,  the applicant shall first furnish
        a certificate of insurance.  The insurance policy shall provide
        coverage in the amount of $15,000 for one person,'$30,000 for
        two or more persons, and $30,000 for property damage.  (Section
        3.2)
                                    149

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                          BETTENDORF,  IOWA

I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Ordinance No.  41-68, enacting new Chapter 8 of Bettendorf Municipal
     Code January 1,  1969.  As amended by Ordinance Nos.  1-69 and 18-69.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

         Definitions   (Section 8.01)

         a.  Refuse includes all solid wastes,

         b.  Garbage  Includes all putrescible animal or vegetable wastes
             resulting from handling,  preparation, cooking and consumption of
             food in  any private dwelling house, multiple dwelling, hotel
             restaurant, building or institution.

         c.  Rubbish  includes all cardboard, plastic, metal or glass containers,
             waste  paper, rags,  sweepings, small pieces of wood, excelsior,
             rubber,  leather, leaves,  lawn cuttings;, tree trimmings and hedge
             trimmings not over five (5) inches in diameter nor over four  (4)
             feet in  length, tree roots or stumps small enough to be contained
             in a bushel basket, articles not more than eight (8) feet in
             length nor more than fifty (50) pounds in weight, and small
             rocks  and similar waste materials that ordinarily accumulate
             around a home, business or industry.  It shall not include garbage,
             ashes, hulk refuse, dead animals,hazardous refuse, industrial
             waste  or building waste.

         d.  Mixed  refuse includes garbage and rubbish,placed and stored together.

         e.  Ashes  includes residue of the combustion of solid fuels.

         f.  Bulk refuse includes articles more than eight (8) feet in length
             or more  than fifty (50) pounds in weight, tree trimmings and hedge
             trimmings over five (5) inches in diameter or over four (4) feet
             in length, and tree roots or stumps larger than can be contained
             in a bushel basket.

         g.  Hazardous refuse includes any refuse which would in handling
             constitute a danger to city employees or to city property.

         h.  Household waste includes garbage, rubbish, mixed refuse and cool
             ashes  originating in and around private dwellings, multiple
             dwellings, living quarters or dining facilities located in schools,
             colleges or universities.

         i.  Institutional waste includes garbage, rubbish, mixed refuse and
             cool ashes originating in and around tax exempt hospitals and
             public,  charitable, philanthropic or religious institutions
                                     150

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              conducted for the benefit of the public or a recognized section
              of the public.  Institutions not covered by the foregoing defini-
              tion shall be considered commercial establishments.

          j.  Commercial waste includes garbage,  rubbish, mixed refuse and cool
              ashes originating in and around commercial establishments,
              Industrial establishments, hotels,  restaurants, cafeterias,  grocery
              stores and non-public institutions.

          k.  Industrial waste includes any and all residue resulting directly
              from industrial or manufacturing operations, it shall not include
              waste originating from commercial operations of an industrial
              establishment, nor shall it include waste resulting from the
              commercial operations of persons, firms or corporations engaged in
              the construction of buildings,  the  repairs of streets or buildings,
              demolition or excavation.  Residue  or waste resulting from tree
              or landscaping services shall also  be excluded.

          1.  Building waste includes any and all refuse or residue resulting
              directly from building construction, reconstruction,  repair  or
              demolition; from grading, shrubbing, or other incidental work
              in connection with any premises; or from replacement  of building
              equipment or appliances.

          m.  Building debris includes any refuse or residue resulting from
              minor non-commercial repairs to a private dwelling made by the
              owner or occupant thereof himself.

          n.  Licensed waste collector includes any person,  firm or corporation
              who has obtained a license as specified herein from the City of
              Bettendorf to collect or transport, for a consideration,  bulk
              refuse, household waste, commercial waste, industrial waste,
              building waste or building debris,  regardless  of the  place of
              origin, over the streets of the city.

          o.  Private waste collector includes any person, firm or  corporation
              who collects bulk refuse, household waste, building waste or
              building debris from premises owned or occupied by him within the
              corporation limits of the City  of Bettendorf and transports  said
              wastes over the streets of the  city.

          p.  City waste collectors includes  persons or firms employed by  the
              City of Bettendorf from time to time to collect and dispose  of
              household waste, institutional  waste, commercial waste or building
              debris from within the confines of  the. city.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of Department of Public Works. (Section 8.02)
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     2.   Functions and Powers

         a.   To collect,  transport,  and dispose of all refuse and to adopt
             reasonable regulations  to carry out the intent of the ordinance.
             (Sections 8.02 and 8.09)

         b.   To notify owners  of non-conforming containers.  (Section 8.06c)

       -  -c.   To investigate license  applicants^  (Section 8.07b)

         d.   To approve or disapprove  of license applications.  (Section 8.07c)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards of Regulations

         a.   General

             (1)  Every owner, tenant, or other person,  firm or corporation
                  producing or responsible for refuse shall provide sufficient
                  containers or other  storage facilities to contain the accumu-
                  lation.  These containers shall be stored on private property
                  except on collection day,  (Sections 8.05, 8.06 and 8.07j)

             (2)  No garbage,  mixed  refuse, or dead animals shall be retained
                  more than 7  days on  any premises except at a public disposal
                  site.  No rubbish, ashes, bulk refuse, building waste or
                  building debris shall be retained for more than 15 days on
                  any premises except  on public disposal site.  (Section 8.05)

             (3)  Collection may be  made by City Waste Collectors, licensed
                  waste collectors or  private waste collectors.  Private
                  collectors may only  collect their own refuse.  (Sections
                  8.06, 8.07 and 8.08)

             (4)  Collections  shall  be made at least once a week for garbage
                  and mixed refuse.   All other household waste, institutional
                  waste,  commercial  waste, and building debris shall be collected
                  when such refuse is  prepared and stored properly.  (Sections
                  8.06 and 8.07k)

         b.   City Collection

             (1)  Garbage, rubbish,  coal ashes and building debris shall be
                  separated and stored in separate containers except that
                  garbage and rubbish  may be combined in a container as mixed
                  refuse.

                  (a) Garbage shall be drained and wrapped when placed in
                      containers.
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      (b) All containers included in rubbish shall be dry.  All
          paper scraps, letters, sweepings, etc.  shall be dry and
          secured in small packages.  Newspapers, magazines, books,
          etc. shall be securely tied in bundles  not to exceed
          20 in. x 20 in.  x 26 in.   Tree trimmings and hedge
          trimmings defined as rubbish shall be tightly tied in
          bundles with maximum diameter of 2 feet and maximum
          weight of 50 pounds.

      (c) Ashes shall be cool and dry when placed in containers.
          (Section 8.06b)

(2)   There shall be sufficient containers that conform to follow-
      ing specifications:

      (a) Garbage containers, mixed refuse containers, and ash
          containers shall be portable, sanitary, water tight, and
          have close fitting covers and adequate  handles.  They
          must be easily handled by one man, with maximum capacity
          of 32 gallons and maximum full weight of 50 pounds.

      (b) Rubbish containers, and building debris containers shall
          be identical to  garbage containers except that con-
          tainers for leaves, tree  trimmings and  other similar
          materials may be placed in bags which do not exceed
          50 pounds in weight.  Small rocks and other similar
          materials may be placed in metal containers with handles
          if weight does not exceed 50 pounds.   (Section 8.06c)

(3)   Where property abuts a public alley, refuse shall, on col-
      lection day, be placed in plain view adjacent to the alley.
      If the property does not abut a public alley, refuse shall
      be placed in plain view at the curb line  or on the shoulder
      of a public street.   Collectors shall not enter houses,
      enclosed porches, garages or  similar enclosures to make
      collections.  Where  private road or access  way has all
      weather surface and  can accommodate collection vehicle,
      collection will be made if 2  or more dwelling units are upon
      said road or access  way,  (Section 8.06d)

Private Collection

(1)   Each licensed collector shall maintain an adequate and prompt
      pick-up service to service all complaints or missed service
      and/or improper handling.  (Section 8.07L)

(2)   Vehicles used by licensed collector shall be kept in a sani-
      tary condition and constructed so that no leakage or spillage
      occurs when vehicle  is collecting or transporting refuse.
      Vehicles for garbage or mixed refuse shall  be packer type
      or other approved type vehicles.   Vehicles  for rubbish,
      debris and similar materials  shall have a top or canvas
                         153

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                  cover to prevent scattering of materials.   (Section 8.07i)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any refuse on any premises,
            vacant property, street, alley or in or about any body of water.
            This shall not apply to public disposal sites.   (Section 8.03)

      -b.  It shall be unlawful for any one except licensed, private, or city
            waste collectors to collect or transport refuse,  and it is unlawful
            for anyone to permit collectors other than these  to collect refuse.
            (Section 8.04)

        c.  It shall be unlawful for anyone to collect refuse except from
            property owned or occupied by him without obtaining a license.
            This does not apply to city waste collectors.  (Section 8.07)

    3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

        a.  Acceptable refuse may be deposited at a sanitary  landfill site.

        b.  Sites are under control of Director of Public Works who make any
            necessary rules and regulations.

        c.  Garbage, rubbish, mixed refuse, ashes and building debris may be
            disposed of at a landfill.  Other refuse may be disposed of at  a
            landfill only upon approval of Director of Public Works.

        d.  There shall be no burning or salvaging at the landfill site with-
            out permission of the Director of Public Works.   (Section 8.09)

V.  ADMINISTRATION

    1.  Requirements for Permits, Licenses, etc.

        Application shall be made to city clerk who forwards  it to Director.
        The director shall make inspection and recommend approval or dis-
        approval.  If the license is issued, it expires on December 31 of
        year of issue.  License shall be renewed from year to year by
        proper application.  (Section 8.07)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

       ' After receipt of application, the director shall inspect appli-
        cant's equipment proposed to be used, methods of operations,
        pick-up service to be maintained and affidavit or insurance.
        (Section 8.04)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        License may be revoked after notice to licensee.  (Section 8.07)
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4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Nonconforming containers

        Any nonconfonning container on city collection route shall be
        promptly replaced upon receipt of notice to that effect from
        the director.  If container not replaced within 10 days after
        service of notice, said container shall be considered rubbish
      -—and shall be collected by the Department.  (Section 8.06c)

    b.  Disapproved license applications

        (1)  If the Director disapproves the application, he shall notify
             the applicant of deficiencies and give 30 days for correction
             and if they are corrected, the license shall be granted.

        (2)  Upon final disapproval, the application fee shall be for-
             feited.  The applicant may appeal the denial to the City
             Council within 30 days from notice of denial.  The City
             Council may issue the license after review of application
             and review of director's disapproval.  (Section 8.07)

5.  Penalties

    Any person, firm, or corporation who violates this ordinance shall
    be guilty of a misdemeanor and punishable as such.  (Section 8.10)

6.  Insurance

    a.  The insurance policy shall provide Bodily Injury Liability in the
        amounts of $250,000 per person, and $500,000 per accident.

    b.  The insurance policy shall provide for property damage in the
        amount of $100,000 per accident.  (Section 8.07)
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                       DUBUQUE, IOWA
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCES

      Ordinance for the collection of Garbage and Refuse and restricting the
      private collection thereof (Ordinance No. 3-68, cited as 3-Sec )
      and" Ordinance for the Disposal of Garbage- and Refuse and the Licens-
      ing and Regulation of Private Landfill Operations (Ordinance No. 4-68,
      cited as 4-Sec ), February 12, 1968.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

          Definitions

          a.  Garbage includes refuse from food incidental to its preparation or
              use for human consumption.

          b.  Refuse includes all solid waste except construction materials.
              (3-Sec. 1 and 4-Sec.  1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          City Manager  (3-Sec. 2 and 4-Sec. 2)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To employ necessary personnel and equipment.  (3-Sec. 2 and 4-Sec.
              2)

          b.  To change and amend collection schedules as necessary.  (3-Sec.
              2b)

          c.  To exclude certain materials from landfill.

          d.  To issue licenses.  (3-Sec. 7 and 4-Sec. 6)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Collection

              (1)  Collections to be made not more than twice weekly.  (3-Sec.
                   2a)                      «

              (2)  Quantity shall not exceed 120 gallons per week.  (3-Sec.
                   2e)

              (3)  Garbage or refuse shall be hauled i'n enclosed, watertight
                   vehicles.  (3-Sec. 8)
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        (4)  Containers shall be between 9 and 31 gallons and weigh not
             more than 65 pounds.  They shall be watertight and be fitted
             with a tight fitting cover and handle.  (3-Sec. 3)

    b.   Storage

        (1)  When collections made from alley, containers to be placed at
             property line abutting alley^.  (3-Sec. 2c)

        (2)  When collections made from street, containers to be placed
             at curb.  (3-Sec.  2d)

        (3)  Refuse shall be placed in suitable containers.  Bundles and
             boxes may be no longer than 20 x 20 x 36 inches and tree
             limbs may be tied in bundles no longer than 48 inches in
             length and 18 inches in diameter.  (3-Sec. 3)

        (4)  All garbage refuse which may attract flies, rodents or dogs
             shall be drained,  wrapped and placed in covered containers.
             (3-Sec. 7)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.   It shall be unlawful to permit accumulation of garbage that is a
        health or sanitation hazard in opinion of health officer.
        (3-Sec. 5)

    b.   It shall be unlawful to permit accumulation of any refuse trash
        or papers within or close to any building unless stored in
        containers.  (3-Sec. 6)

    c.   It shall be unlawful to haul garbage or refuse unless in approved
        containers securely fastened or in enclosed vehicle which is
        watertight and able to  prevent spillage.  (3-Sec. 8)

    d.   It shall be unlawful to deposit or offer for collection hazardous
        materials.  (3-Sec. 10)

    e.   It shall be unlawful to litter on the streets, sidewalks, public
        or private property.  (3-Sec. 11)

    f.   It shall be unlawful to permanently dispose of garbage or refuse
        unless such land has been designated a public landfill site.
        (4-Sec. 3)

    g=   It shall be unlawful to charge or request a fee for disposal at a
        private licensed landfill site since payment of general collection
        fee by private collection covers disposal.   (4-Sec. 8)

    h.   It shall be unlawful to sell or install any device to burn garbage
        or refuse until a license has been obtained except when device is
        to be operated by the city.   (4-Sec.  9)
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        i.  It shall be unlawful to operate or permit the operation of an
            incinerator except where licensed or operated by city.  (A-Sec.
            10)

        j.  It shall be unlawful to introduce any material in a sewer except
            through sanitary convenience or a screening process.  (4-Sec. 11)

        k.  It shall be unlawful to use public landfill without paying fees.
            (4-Sec. 12)

    3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

        a.  Disposal sites shall be open to public on designated days and
            hours.  (4-Sec. 2c)

        b.  Garbage and refuse at landfill shall be covered daily.  (4-Sec.
            2d)

        c.  Rodents and insects shall be controlled.   (4-Sec. 2d)

        d.  The disposal area shall be maintained litter-free.  (4-Sec. 2d)

        e.  Burning shall be prohibited except in special circumstances.
            (4-Sec. 2d)

        f.  Bulky, hazardous and burning material may not be deposited at the
            landfill without special permission.  (4-Sec. 5)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  No person, firm or corporation shall engage in the business of
            removing or hauling garbage or rubbish or the business of
            operating a sanitary landfill without a license from City Manager.
            Applications shall include details of proposed operation.

        b.  Fees are $5.00 per year per vehicle for collection and $100 per
            year per landfill.  (3-Sec. 7 and 4-Sec.  6)

    2.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  If a landfill operation is found detrimental to health and wel-
            fare of public or contrary to this ordinance, the operator shall
            be notified in writing and given reasonable time for corrections.

        b.  If uncorrected, the City, in addition to other available means,
            may correct or hire personnel to correct the deficiencies with
            all expenses incurred charged to the operator.   (4-Sec. 7)

    3.  Penalties  (3-Sec. 15 and 4-Sec. 15)

        Any violation is a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of not more
        than $100 or imprisonment for more than 30 days.  (3-Sec. 15 and
        4-Sec. 15)
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                        KANSAS CITY, KANSAS
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Kansas City Code; Chapter 18, Garbage and Trash, Kansas City Code
      June 3, 1954 and amended August 19, 1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          The Code is concerned with the collection, storage, and disposal
          of garbage and trash in the city.

      2.   Definitions

          a.  Garbage includes waste from the preparation,  cooking and con-
              sumption of food, market refuse, and waste from the handling,
              storage and sale of produce.

          b.  Trash includes the following:

              (1)   Combustible:  paper, cartons,  boxes, barrels, wood and
                    excelsior, yard trimmings, wood furniture, bedding.

              (2)   Noncombustible:  metals, tin cans, metal furniture, dirt,
                    small quantities of rock, brick and pieces of concrete;
                    glass, crockery, other  mineral refuse.

              (3)   Ashes:  residue from fires used for cooking and for heating
                    buildings,

              (4)   Street rubbish:  street sweepings, dirt, leaves, catch-
                    basin dirt, contents of litter receptacles.

              (5)   Exceptions:  earth and  wastes  from building operations or
                    solid wastes resulting  from industrial  processes and manu-
                    facturing operations.  (Section 18-1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          a.  Health Department  (Section 18-2)

          b.  Joint City - County Health Department.  (Section 18-67)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.  Health Department

              (1)   To control the storage, collection,  and disposal of garbage
                    and trash.
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             (2)   To provide a public garbage and trash collection and disposal
                   service from the premises within the city.

             (3)   To approve and regulate the establishment,  maintenance, and
                   operation of private garbage and trash collection systems
                   and garbage and trash disposal methods and  sites.  (Section
                   18-2)

         b.   Joint City - County Health Department.

             Enforce provisions of ordinance regulation solid  waste
             disposal sites.  (Section 18-67)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.   Storage

             (1)   All garbage cans shall be of galvanized or  other rust-
                   resistant metal with tight-fitting covers and strong handles
                   on the outside and shall be water-tight.  (Section 18-3(1))

             (2)   Trash, other than ashes, shall be stored in durable, rust-
                   resisting, nonabsorbent, water-tight containers.  (Section
                   18-4:2)

             (3)   Ashes shall be stored in fire-resistant, durable, non-
                   absorbent, water-tight containers with close-fitting
                   covers.  (Section 18-4:2)

         b.   Collection

             (1)   Household garbage and trash shall be collected by the city
                   garbage collector.  Commercial, business and industrial
                   garbage and trash shall be collected by a private collector.
                   (Section 18-5)

             (2)   All vehicles used for the collection and removal of garbage
                   shall be kept in a clean and sanitary condition.  (Section
                   18-7)

         c.   Disposal

             (1)   The Commissioner of finance, health and public property
                   shall designate a place at which trash and  garbage may be
                   dumped and disposed of.  (Section 18-9)

             (2)   There shall be an attendant at all public dumps at all times
                   when the dumps are open.  (Section 18-12)
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2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to deposit in a garbage can any waste paper,
        trash, tin cans, rubbish or any refuse other than garbage.
        (Section 18-3:2)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to permit trash to accumulate on any premises
      —except in approved containers.  (Section 18-4:3)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to dump any garbage upon any public dump.
        (Section 18-10)

   -d.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any waste material upon any
        street, except in a disposal unit.

    e.  It shall be unlawful to attempt to burn garbage, noncombustible
        rubbish or trash, which will not burn at incinerator temperatures
        of 1300 to 2000 F.  (Section 18-17)

3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

    a.  The design of the landfill shall include one or more topographic
        maps containing all pertinent information.

    b.  A soils and geological investigation shall be included with the
        plans.

    c.  The soil used as cover material shall be such character that it can
        be compacted to provide a tight seal, does not crack excessively
        when dry, and is free of putrescible materials and large objects.

    d.  Suitable provisions must be taken to prevent water pollution and
        control soil erosion.

    e.  Adequate numbers of suitable equipment shall be provided.

    f.  Plans and specifications shall be submitted to the health
        department for review and approval.

    g.  An all weather access road shall be provided to the entrance of
        the landfill.

    h.  Initial development of the site must be completed prior to filling
        any waste.

    i.  Suitable shelter and sanitary facilities for employees must be
        provided.

    j.  Telephone or radio communications  shall be provided at the landfill
        site.

    k.  Adequate fire protection measures  must be"taken.
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        1.   Scales  approved by the license department shall be provided.

        m.   Access  shall be limited to those authorized to use the site and
            only taken an attendant is present.

        n.   The unloading of refuse shall be supervised and confined to as
            small an area as possible.

        o.   The working area shall be  confined to a size that can easily  be
            compacted daily with the available equipment.

        p.   Refuse  shall be spread and compacted in layers 2-3 feet thick.
            Individual lifts shall not exceed 8 feet.  Daily cover shall  be at
            6 inches, intermediate cover at least one foot and final cover at
            least 2 feet in depth.  Upon completion of the landfill, there
            shall be monthly inspection.

        q.   Inspection of the site shall be made before the equipment is
            removed.

        r.   Vector control and dust control measures must be taken.

        s.   Final grading shall be made to control surface waters and area shall
            be sealed.

        t.   Animals shall be excluded from the site.  (Section 18-65)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.   A permit is required to engage in the business of garbage and
            trash collection or disposal.  (Section 18-40, 18-52 and 18-64)

        b.   Application for landfill shall be granted or denied within 30 days
            after application.  An investigation of the application shall be
            made by the Health Office.  Section 18-68)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        The Health Officer has the power to enter at reasonable times
        upon private or public property for the purpose of inspection.
        (Sections 18-17 and 18-67)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        The Health Officer may give notice of alleged violation to the
        violator.   (Section 18-18:1)  Such notice shall be in writing and
        give reasonable time to make necessary corrections.   (Section
        18-69A)
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4.  Administrative Proceedings

    Any person who is affected by any notice may request a hearing
    before the Health Officer within 10 days after issuance of the
    notice.  (Sections 18-18 and 18-69)  After such hearing, the
    Health Officer shall sustain, modify, or withdraw the notice.
    (Sections 18-18:3 and 18-56)

5.  Penalties

    a.  It is a misdemeanor to allow any dead tree to overhang a public
        way or private property.  Any violator is subject to a fine of
        not exceeding $500.00 or imprisoned for ninety days, or both.
        (Sections 18-19:2 and 18-70)

    b.  Tickets may be issued by any agent or officer of the city for any
        violation with fines of three or five dollars.  Each day in
        violation is a separate offense.  (Ordinance No. 45556)

6.  Performance Bonds

    Minimum of $2,500.  (Section 18-65)
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                          SALINA,  KANSAS


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chapter 31, Refuse,  Salina Code,  November 21,  1966.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

          Definitions  (Section 31-35)

          a.   Ashes includes  residue from the  burning of wood,  coal,  coke,  or
              other solid  combustible materials.

          b.   Garbage includes  every accumulation of animal,  vegetable or other
              matter that  attends  the preparation,  consumption,  decay, dealing
              in or storage of  meats, fish,  fowl, birds, fruit,  vegetables,
              food and food ingredients, including the cans,  containers or
              wrappers wasted along with such  materials.

          ct   Refuse includes all  putrescible  and nonputrescible solid wastes
              except body  wastes.   Refuse includes garbage,  rubbish,  ashes,
              street cleanings, dead animals,  and solid market  and industrial
              wastes.

          d.   Rubbish includes  nonputrescible  solid  wastes except ashes.   Rubbish
              consists of  both  combustible and noncombustible materials,  such
              as paper, cardboard, tin  cans, yard clippings,  wood, glass,
              bedding, crockery, metals, and similar objects.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          a.   Sanitation Department

          b.   Health Officer

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   Sanitation Department

              (1)  To administer and supervise the collection and disposal of
                   refuse.  (Section 31-12)

              (2)  To adopt and promulgate additional rules  and regulations.
                   (Section 31-23)

              (3)  To issue licenses for collecting, transporting or  hauling
                   refuse.  (Section 31-62)
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         b.  Health Officer

             To make, adopt and publish additional rules as may be neces-
             sary to make the article effective and facilitate the
             systematic collection, handling and disposal of refuse.
             (Section 31-74)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.  No container shall exceed 32 gallons capacity, and the combined
             weight of the container and contents shall not exceed 100 pounds.
             (Section 31-22)

         b.  Each occupant of any premises shall keep his premises in a clean
             and sanitary condition.  (Section 31-36)

         c.  Refuse shall be collected at least once every 10 days.  Accumula-
             tion of unwrapped, undrained garbage or swill shall not exceed
             2 days.  (Section 31-39)

         d.  Containers shall be watertight, provided with tight-fitting lids
             or covers, rust resistant, furnished with handles, and shall not
             be less than 10 gallons, nor more than 32 gallons.  (Section
             31-42)

         e.  All containers shall be washed and/or cleaned often.  (Section
             31-43)

         f.  Storage facilities shall be adequate for the proper storage of
             all garbage and rubbish.  (Section 31-45)

         g.  All garbage shall be drained and securely wrapped.  (Section 31-48)

         h.  All containers shall be stored so as to prevent spillage by wind
             or animals.  (Section 31-49)

         i.  Every collection vehicle shall have a hauling body constructed
             of metal, or shall have a metal lining on the floor and all side
             walls.  (Section 31-73:2)

         j.  Every vehicle shall be provided with a means of covering the
             refuse and of keeping such refuse securely within the hauling
             body.  (Section 31-73:3)

         k.  Every vehicle shall be cleaned as often as necessary.  (Section
             31-73:5)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         It shall be unlawful to burn garbage or other materials at any
         time except in an incinerator or other approved appliance.
         (Section 31-50)
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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  Any persons who collect, transport, haul or dispose  any  refuse
            are required to obtain a license.   (Section 31-62)

        b.  The license fee shall be $100.00 -for each vehicle per year  or
            any portion thereof.  (Section 31-66)

        c.  Every license shall expire the following December 31st.   (Section
            31-68)

        d.  No license shall be granted to any  person under  18 years  of age.
            (Section 31-70)

        e.  No license shall be transferred.   (Section 31-72)

    2.  Inspection

        Health Departmant shall inspect the truck bed and the Police
        Department the safety equipment on licensed vehicles.   (Section
        31-63)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        All licenses may be revoked by the Board of Commissioners upon
        the conviction of the licensee of having violated any of the
        provisions of this ordinance.  (Section 31-69)

    4.  Liability Insurance

        The applicant for a license must be covered by a liability
        insurance policy; $50,000 for bodily injury and $10,000  for
        property damage.  (Section  31-64)
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                          WICHITA, KANSAS
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE
      Chapter 7.08, Garbage and Refuse, February 8, 1955 with amendments
      through December 9, 1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

          Definitions

          a.  Commercial garbage includes all garbage produced by grocery
              stores; produce markets; restaurants; schools, public, private or
              parochial; hospitals; or any commercial or other establishment
              that processes, sells or services food or food products.

          b.  Garbage includes all organic waste or residue of animal,  fruit,
              vegetable or food material from kitchens and dining rooms or
              from the preparation or dealing in or storage of meats, fowl,
              fruits, grains or vegetables.

          c.  Rubbish or Trash includes all refuse such as paper, tin cans,
              bottles, glass containers, rags, ashes, lawn trimmings, tree
              trimmings, tree branches, limbs, tree trunks and stumps,  and waste
              materials from premises including that produced from remodeling or
              construction, paper sacks, boxes, packing materials and like
              materials from dwellings, and business, commercial or industrial
              establishments and the offices thereof, except the following:

              (1)  garbage

              (2)  sewage

              (3)  dirt, rock, concrete or masonry materials

              (4)  accumulations from mud traps and settling basins

              (5)  dead animals or animal excrement, and

              (6)  salvage materials.

        .  d.  Salvage materials includes waste paper, scrap materials,  building
              materials, or any other type of waste material that has a value to
              the producer, owner or occupant of the premises upon which it is
              produced or stored over and above the actual cost of collection
              and disposal.  (Section 7.08.010)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Department of Public Works
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     2.   Functions  and Powers

         a.   To supervise and  engage  in collection and disposal of rubbish,
             trash  and garbage.   (Sections  7.08.09 and 7.08.100)

         b.   To issue licenses for collection,  hauling and  disposal of rubbish,
             trash  and garbage.   (Section 7.08.150)

         c«   To make additional  rules and regulations.  (Section 7.08.310)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1,   Standards  and Regulations

         a.   Every  commercial  establishment shall provide suitable and
             adequate liquid-tight containers which shall be closed by a
             water-tight and fly-tight cover at all times.   (Section 7.08.020)

         bo   All commercial garbage shall be collected and  removed only by  the
             city or by a licensed collector.   (Section 7.08.040)

         c«   All commercial garbage shall be collected at least twice a
             week.   (Section 7.08.060)

         d.   All residential garbage  shall be drained of all excess liquids
             and securely wrapped in  paper, and placed in a liquid-tight
             container with a  fly-tight and water-tight lid or cover.  All
             such garbage shall  be collected at least once  a week.  (Section
             7.08.070)

         e.   No garbage or noncombustible trash may be deposited in trash
             burners or incinerators.  Tree trimmings or lumber not stored  in
             containers shall  be stored in such a manner as to prevent the
             harborage of rats.   (Section 7.08.110)

         f.   All containers shall be  thirty gallon capacity.  Each container,
             when filled, shall  not have an overall weight  in excess of 75
             pounds per 30-gallon container. Tree trimmings or branches shall
             not be more than  4  feet  in length, tied on bundles and placed
             by the refuse containers.  (Section 7.08.110)

         g.   All collection vehicles  shall be  securely covered in such a manner
             that the contents will not be allowed or permitted to escape from
             the vehicles.  (Section  7.08.140)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.   It shall be unlawful to  place any  garbage in  trash burners or
             incinerators unless the  incinerator is of a smokeless and odorless
             type supplied by auxiliary fuel and approved by the Fire Department
             and the Department  of Public Health.  (Sections 7.08.030 and
             7.08.070)
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    b.  It shall be unlawful to open, interfere with, damage or destroy
        any commercial garbage container or the contents thereof.  (Section
        7.08.040)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to dump or spill refuse on streets, public
        grounds, etc.  (Section 7.08.130(a))

    d.  It shall be unlawful to scatter or spill rubbish, trash, garbage
        or waste materials upon the streets.  (Section 7.08.130(b))

    e.  It shall be unlawful to dispose of dead animals by depositing such
        animals in containers, incinerators or upon any public property.
        (Section 7.08.300)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Licenses

    a.  A license is required to collect or dispose of any rubbish,
        trash or garbage.  (Section 7.08.150)

    b.  Each applicant shall pay a fee of $100 for each vehicle.  The
        term of the license shall be for a period of one year.  (Section
        7.08.170)

    c«  No license shall be 'transferred.  (Section 7.08.220:1)

2.  Inspection Procedure

    The vehicle to be licensed shall be inspected and approved by the
    Police Department as to compliance with this code and other
    ordinances.  (Section 7.08.220:1)

3.  Liability for Violators

    If, after seven days' notice of requirements, any licensee fails
    to comply with any provisions of this code, the Superintendent
    of Central Inspection may, upon 48 hours' written notice to such
    licensee, revoke and cancel such license.  (Section 7.08.260)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    Any licensee feeling aggrieved at the revocation of license may
    appeal, within five days, the action of the Superintendent to the
    Board of Commissioners.  (Section 7.08.260)

5«  Penalties

    Any person violating any of the provisions of this chapter shall
    be punished by a fine of not more than $200 or be imprisoned for
    not more than 60 days, or by both.  (Section 7.08.330)
                                 169

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                       LOUISVILLE,  KENTUCKY
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Chapter 913, Garbage and Rubbish,  Public Ways and Service Code,
     December 26, 1967.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Definitions  (Section 913.01)

         a.  Garbage includes all putrescible wastes including vegetable and
             animal offal, but not including manure or night soil.

         b.  Combustible waste includes all waste capable of incineration or
             burning, including garbage, paper, rags, excelsior,  wood,  grass,
             leaves, trash, rubbish, furniture, and other refuse  or discarded
             matter required to be removed from private and public  places,  but
             not including manure or night soil.

         c.  Noncombustible waste includes all waste not capable  of incineration
             or burning, such as earth, brick, concrete, plaster  earthenware,
             nonflammable compositions, and other waste material  which  is not
             capable of incineration.

         d.  Ordinary waste includes the general and usual waste  that accumu-
             lates on any vacant land or in or upon the land appurtenant to
             any dwelling house, tenement house,  apartment house, or other
             building used for residential purposes; places and institutions
             not for profit; and public grounds.

         e.  Ordinary commercial waste includes the general and usual waste that
             accumulates in or upon the land appurtenant to any retail  grocery
             or meat store, restaurant, club, hotel, or any commercial  enter-
             prise, but not exceeding two standard thirty-gallon containers
             of combustible or noncombustible waste for any single  regular
             collection.

         f.  Extraordinary commercial waste includes the general and usual waste
             that accumulates in or upon the land appurtenant to any retail
             grocery or meat store, restaurant, club, hotel or any  commercial
             enterprise in excess of the amount defined as ordinary commercial
             was te.

         g.  Industrial waste includes the refuse that accumulates  in or upon
             land used for manufacturing, industrial, wholesale,  or slaughter-
             ing purposes.

         h.  Public dumps includes land under the direct control and supervision
             of the Director of Sanitation designated for the depositing of
             noncombustible wastes.
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          i.   Municipal incinerator includes the land,  buildings,  and equipment
              under the direct control and supervision  of the Director of
              Sanitation where waste designated by the  Director of Sanitation
              shall be burned.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Director of Sanitation

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To collect all combustible and ordinary waste and all ordinary
              commercial waste and deliver all garbage  and refuse  to the
              Municipal incinerator.

          b.   To maintain and operate any incinerator or other disposal plants.

          c.   To prepare and publish reasonable regulations pertaining to solid
              waste management.  (Section 913.02)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.   Every person having extraordinary commercial waste shall remove
              the combustible and designated non-combustible wastes to the
              Municipal incinerator.  All other non-combustible extraordinary
              commercial waste shall be disposed of at  an approved public or
              private dump.  (Section 913.03)

          be   Industrial combustible waste shall be hauled to a Municipal
              incinerator by the person producing such  waste.  (Section 913.04)

          c.   Containers shall be of metal,  of substantial construction, with
              tight-fitting covers, and watertight.  Each container shall have
              a capacity of ten to thirty gallons and shall be provided with
              handles.  (Section 913.05)

          d.   Each household shall provide sufficient containers.   (Section
              913.06)

          e.   All waste containers shall be  maintained  in good condition.  All
              garbage containers shall be kept clean and disinfected.   (Section
              913.07)

          f»   Waste containers shall be kept covered at all times.  (Section
              913.08)

          gt   Combustible waste shall be set out in proper waste containers on
              collection days at approved places.  (Section 913.09)
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        h.  Collection vehicles  shall have a metal bed and be equipped in such
            manner that the load is completely enclosed with metal walls  or
            other metal enclosure.   (Section 913.16)

        ±,  Waste paper, rags or excelsior shall be transported in a totally
            enclosed vehicle or  in  totally enclosed crates or by the truck
            or trailer covered with a tarpaulin.  However, materials consisting
            exclusively of corrugated or cardboard paper may be transported
            in unlined or compressed bales.  .(Section 913.18)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to scatter waste in any public or private
            place.  (Section 913.10)

        b«  It shall be unlawful to remove waste from containers without  the
            consent of the owner.   (Section 913.11)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to dump any combustible waste on any public
            or private dump or other public or private property.  (Section
            913.12)

        d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to bring waste for disposal
            into the City unless authorized.  (Section 913.12)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to dump any waste without a permit from the
            Director of Sanitation.  (Section 913.20)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements; for Permits

        a.  No person shall collect combustible waste without a permit from
            the Director of Sanitation.   (Section 913.1A)

        b.  Any permit expires June 30 next following its issuance.  Any
            permit may be renewed.   The  fee for each permit and renewal
            shall be $5.00.  (Section 913.15)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        Each vehicle operated by a  permit holder in the transportation of
        such waste shall be subject to inspection at all times by the
        Department of Sanitation.   (Section 913.17)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        Any permit may be revoked upon failure of the permit holder to
        comply with all applicable  ordinances and rules and regulations.
        (Section 913.15)
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4.  Administrative Proceedings

    If any permit holder fails to comply with the rules and ordinances
    the Director of Sanitation shall give a five-day notice of his
    intention to revoke such permit.  During the five-day period the
    permit holder may request a hearing.  The decision of the Director
    of Sanitation after such hearing shall be final.  (Section 913.21)

5„  Penalties

    Any person violating any provision of this chapter shall be fined
    not less than $10.00  nor more than $50.00 for each offense.
    (Section 913.99)
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                                BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
      Collection,  Disposal  of  Garbage, etc.  Title  6 Chapter 4 of City
      Code as  amended  by  Ordinance Numbers 2316  and 2360.  May 22,  1957
      and later amended.

 II.   GENERAL  STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration  of  Policy

          This ordinance  is  concerned with collection  and storage of garbage
          and  trash,

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Garbage  includes putrescible animal and  vegetable waste resulting
              from the handling,  preparation,  cooking  and serving of food,
              including tin  cans, broken  or plastic bottles, glassware, which
              may  be used in a household  or restaurant.

          b.   Trash includes putrescible  solid waste such as waste  paper, debris,
              tin  cans, aluminum  cans, bottles,  glassware, ordure,  excrement,
              cartons, boxes,  etc.,  not included under the definition of
              'garbage',  and shall also include  cut grass, weeds, vines, shrubbery
              trimmings,  and trees or limbs not  exceeding a weight  and length
              that can be normally loaded by two men and carried in a truck
              without  unreasonable overhang, provided  that larger trees and
              limbs, industrial waste, building  debris from erection or repairing
              of any building, dead  fowls and  animals  and scrap metal shall not
              be included.

          c.   Refuse Control Board includes Director of Public Works, Treasurer,
              Chief of Police, Director of East  Baton  Rouge Health  Unit and
              City Prosecutor.  (Section  401)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1 „   Responsible  Agency

          Department of Public Works  (Section 405)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To collect  and dispose of all garbage and trash or other waste
              matter except at commercial establishments if placed  in proper
              containers.  (Sections 405  and 417)

          b.   To promulgate reasonable rules and regulations in  accordance with
              this ordinance.   (Section 413a)
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         c.   To establish appropriate routes and schedules for garbage and
             trash collection in residential and commercial areas.   (Section
             413b)

     3.  Refuse Control Board  (Section 415a)

         a.   Board shall elect a chairman who can call meetings, but any
             three members can also call a meeting.

         be   Board shall adopt its own rules for the day on which it shall meet.

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.   Garbage will be collected only if placed in metal or plastic
             container, with tight fitting cover and strong handles, and with
             a capacity of not less than five nor more than thirty  gallons.
             The weight with contents shall not exceed seventy-five pounds.
             The container shall be kept in sanitary condition.  All commercial
             establishments, institutions,  and schools which need more than
             two thirty gallon containers and all apartment buildings with more
             than eight units may have garbage collected and disposed of if
             placed in a mobile one-yard capacity container which can be dumped
             mechanically. (Section 406a)

         b«   The covers shall be kept secure and fastened at all times so that
             flies, insects, dogs, and other scavengers cannot gain access.
             (Section 406b)

         c«   Containers shall be placed on neutral ground near sidewalk or
             within five feet of road if no sidewalk.  They shall not be
             placed in the road nor left anywhere for an unreasonable time
             before or after emptying.  (Section 406c)

         d.   Trash and other waste matter may be collected only if  conditions
             stated in Section 406 (see above) are followed.  (Section 407)

         e.   Large trees or limbs, scrap metal, large lumber, refuse and large
             dead animals must be removed by owner at his own expense.
             (Section 411)

         f.   Any person transporting or hauling garbage, trash, or  any debris
             shall take reasonable precautions to prevent its scattering or
             spilling on the public streets.  (Section 403)

         g.   All owners and occupants of buildings are responsible  for cleanli-
             ness of their premises and of neutral grounds immediately adjacent
             thereto.  (Section 404)

         h.   Collection from commercial establishments-shall be at  least twice
             a week and from residential areas at least once a week.  (Section
             413b)
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i.  There shall be no private collection of garbage and trash from
    residential houses within the city.  (Section 415:1)

j.  Any private disposal site shall conform to the regulations.
    (Section 416d)

Prohibited Activities

a.  It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, corporation, etc.  to
    scatter, throw, deposit, etc. any garbage, trash, or other sub-
    stance which may be unsightly, offensive to smell or injurious to
    health or any private yard, lot, building, sidewalk, street,
    alley or any other public place other than in the type of container
    provided for by this ordinance.  (Sections 402 and 404)

b.  It shall be unlawful for the Department of Public Works to collect
    any garbage or trash not put out for collection in compliance
    with this ordinance.  (Section 405)

c.  It shall be unlawful for any person to wilfully damage or destroy
    any garbage container belonging to any other person.  (Section
    408)

d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to permit any garbage container
    to remain on the neutral ground or on the side of their premises
    from 6:00 p.m. Saturday to 6:00 p.m. Sunday.  (Section 409)

e«  It shall be unlawful for the owner of a building being built  or
    repaired, or the job contractor, to leave building or repairing
    debris in industrial refuse resulting from the job to be left for
    collection by the Department of Public Works.  (Section 410)

f.  It shall be unlawful for any person to collect, convey, or dispose
    of any garbage, refuse or rubbish except the actual producers who
    desire to personally dispose of it and outside collectors who
    convey across city streets.  All other collection shall be done
    by the city.  (Section 417)

g>  It shall be unlawful for any person to go to the city dumps  to
    deposit materials thereon except in accordance with regulations
    established by Director of Public Works.  (Section 416a)

h.  It shall be unlawful for any person to salvage, collect, remove
    or dispose of any garbage, refuse, or rubbish materials deposited
    on the city dumps except with authority of Director of Public
    Works.  (Section 416b)

i.  It shall be unlawful to engage in the business of collecting,
    removing, transporting or disposing of garbage and/or trash
    except by

    (1)  Private licensed collectors;
                          176

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            (2)   Producers of garbage, refuse, or rubbish or owners of premises
                  when it is produced if materials are disposed of in accordance
                  with this ordinance.

            (3)   Collectors from outside of city hauling over city streets
                  if such collectors comply with all ordinances,

            (4)   Charitable organizations as_defined in the Code or holders
                  of permits from Parish of East Baton Rouge.  (Section 414)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1„  Requirements for License

        a.  Applications shall be submitted to treasurer who shall forward
            to the Director of Parish Health Unit.

        b.  Applications shall include name, address, phone number, list of
            equipment to be used, date or requested issuance of permit, proof
            of insurance, whether applicant is going to collect garbage and/
            or trash and any other information that the City Council may
            desire.

        c.  After an investigation license may be issued, and it shall be valid
            until 31 December.

        d.  Director may impose reasonable rules and regulations upon the
            issuance of the license for collection and permit for each vehicle.
            (Section 415:1-7)

    2.  Inspection

        Parish Health Unit must inspect and approve all vehicles.  (Section
        415:4)

    3.  Liability for Violators

            License or permits may be suspended or revoked if:

            (1)   Any conditions of license or permits are violated.

            (2)   License or permits are exercised in violation of any
                  ordinance or statute.

            (3)   License or permits are used for improper purpose.

            (4)   The application contained falsehoods.

            (5)   The equipment fails to meet health and safety standards.

            (6)   The licensee is not performing intended services.

            (7)   The licensee discriminates against any employee or applicant
                  for employment because of race, creed, color or national
                  origin.  (Section 514:8)

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4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.   In case of violation or failure to comply with the provisions  of
        this ordinance,  the Refuse Control Board shall conduct a hearing
        and give the collector  5 days written notice to appear and answer
        the charge.

    b.   If it is the first violation or conviction,  the Board may issue
        a warning or, if the violation or public interest so requires, it
        may refer the violator  to the City Council for a hearing with  a
        recommendation for suspension or revocation.

    c.   The Board may recommend suspension or revocation of license and/
        or permits.

    d«   For any violation found by Board or Council or conviction by a
        court within  1 year of a prior violation or conviction upon which
        a hearing was held by the Board or Council,  the Council shall
        conduct a hearing and impose the following minimum penalties:

        (1)   2nd such violation - 15 days suspension

        (2)   Any subsequent violation - 1 year suspension.

    e.   Nothing herein shall prevent the Board or the Council from calling
        a hearing for the purpose of revoking or suspending or recom-
        mending such action, of any license or permit when it finds a
        violation or when it deems it in the public interest.  (Section
        415:9)

5.  Penalties

    a.   The 1st conviction shall be punishable by a fine of $5 to $50
        and/or not more than 5  days in jail.

    b.   A subsequent conviction within 1 year shall be punishable by a
        fine of $25 to $100 and/or not more than 20 days in jail.  (Section
        417)

6.  Insurance

    a.   $100,000 - death or injury to 1 person in 1  accident.

    b«   $300.000 - death or injury to more than 1 person in 1 accident.

    c.   $20,000 - property damage.(Section 415:3d)
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                          ROCKVILLE,  MARYLAND
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
      "Refuse and Garbage Collection and Disposal Facilities'*  Chapter 7,
      October 1, 1965.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          The accumulation of refuse substances on the premises  of private
          residences, commercial institutions and other places,  constitutes a
          public menace and nuisance and greatly increases the danger of the
          spread of infectious, contagious and epidemic diseases,  and it is
          imperative and urgent for the preservation of health,  safety, sani-
          tation, peace and public welfare that proper and adequate regula-
          tions be adopted to require property owners, tenants,  occupants
          or lessees to secure containers and receptacles of sufficient
          size and material in which to deposit refuse substances, or other-
          wise prepare for the collection, removal and disposal  at regular
          intervals,  (Section 7-4.01)

      2.   Definitions

          a.  Garbage includes putrescible animal and vegetable  wastes resulting
              from the handling, preparation, cooking and consumption of food.

          b.  Refuse includes all putrescible and nonputrescible solid wastes
              (except body wastes), including garbage, rubbish,  ashes, street
              cleanings, dead animals,  abandoned, unlicensed or  inoperable
              vehicles or machinery, and solid market and industrial wastes.

          c.  Rubbish includes nonputrescible solid wastes (excluding ashes),
              consisting of both combustible-and noncombustible  wastes, such
              as paper, cardboard, tin cans, yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding,
              crockery and similar materials.

          d.  Incinerator includes any device for complete combustion of refuse.

          e.  Sanitary landfill includes any disposal method where all refuse
              deposited is compacted and covered with compacted  earth or other
              inert material.  (Section 7-4.02 and 7-4.10)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          a.  Director of Public Works   (Section 7-4.04:1)

          b.  Director of Licenses and  Inspection.  (Section 7-4.07:1)
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     2.   Functions  and Powers

         a.   Director of Public Works

             (1)   To supervise collection,  conveying,  and disposal of all refuse
                  from single  family residences.

             (2)   To make and  publish  regulations  regarding collection,  storage
                  and disposal of refuse.   (Se'ction 7-4.04:1)

         b«   Director of Licenses and  Inspection

             (1)   To issue licenses  for collection and transportation of refuse.
                  (Section 7-4.07:1)

             (2)   To refuse to renew,  revoke or suspend licenses.   (Section
                  7-4.09)

             (3)   To direct disposal of bulky,  contagious or dangerous material.
                  (Sections 7-4.04 and 4.05)

             (4)   To make inspections.  (Section  7-4.12)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards  and Regulations

         a.   Storage  (Multi Family, Commercial,  Industrial)

             (1)   Responsibility

                  (a) It shall be the  responsibility of the owner  and not the
                      occupant of multi-family  residences to provide  sufficient
                      number of containers.

                  (b) It shall be the  joint  and several responsibility of the
                      owner and the  occupant of commercial industrial and
                      other non-single family residences to provide sufficient
                      number of containers.   (Section 7-4.06:2)

             (2)   Standards

                  (a) All containers except  those  for storage of bulky rub-
                      bish shall be  vermin  and  water proof, of noncorrodible
                      metal, and equipped with  tight fitting lids  at  all
                      times.

                  (b) Containers must  be accessible to users at  all times.

                  (c) Refuse bins shall not  be  used for storage  of garbage.

                  (d) Containers and storage areas shall be washed periodically.
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             (e)  All storage areas shall be kept free of litter,  refuse
                 overflow, vermin and well ventilated.   (Section  7-4.061:3)

    b.  Collection

        (1)  Single Family Residences

             (a)  All such refuse shall be" collected, codveyed, and
                 disposed of by the city under supervision of Director of
                 Public Works.

             (b)  All bulky and/or dangerous materials shall not be placed
                 for regular collection but shall be disposed of  as
                 directed by Director of Licenses and Inspection.

             (c)  Regular collections shall be made from rear or side
                 placements at  least twice a week with emptied containers
                 returned to same location.  (Section 7-4.04)

        (2)  Multi-Family, Commercial and Industrial  (Section 7-4.05)

             (a)  Refuse may be  collected by producer of refuse, owner of
                 premises or by licensed private collectors.

             (b)  Refuse shall be collected from multi-family residences
                 at least 5 times a week and from industrial commerical
                 and institutional locations at least twice a week
                 although Director of Licenses and Inspection may require
                 more frequent  collection.

             (c)  All contagious refuse highly flammable or explosive
                 materials shall be collected under supervision of Director
                 of Licenses and Inspection and shall not be placed in
                 containers for regular collection.

        (3)  Private Collectors

             (a)  Vehicles must  have body not exceeding 7 feet in  height
                 and so constructed as to prevent leaking or dripping.
                 There shall be a suitable tight fitting cover.

             (b)  Collector shall remove all rubbish from all pick up
                 points, return empty containers to pick up point, and
                 clean up all spillage along the route, maintain  regular
                 service, and provide prior notice for any discontinuance
                 of service.  (Section l-\.07)

2.  Prohibited Activities

        Storage

        (1)  It shall be unlawful to place refuse in street, alley, public
             or private place unless placed in proper containers  for
             collection.
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            (2)   It shall be unlawful to accumulate  refuse.

            (3)   It shall be unlawful for any person to  place or deposit any
                 refuse in such a manner that it may be  carried or scattered.
                 (Section 7-4.03)

    3.   Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

        a.   Incinerators

            (1)   Shall comply with building code.

            (2)   Shall be operated in accordance with approved standards.
                 Any incinerator not so operated shall be corrected within
                 time specified by written notice of Director of Licenses and
                 Inspections.

        b.   Incinerating Plants

            (1)   Shall comply with building and zoning codes and be enclosed
                 by a fence 6 feet in height.

            (2)   Shall comply with same standards as single  incinerators.

        c.   Sanitary Landfill

            There may not be a landfill within City  limits except if
            operated by or on behalf of City.

        d.   Seasonal or Special Disposal Methods.

            (1)   On site disposal by burial in a pit is  permitted for camps
                 and farms provided there is 8 inches of dirt cover.

            (2)   The use of compost piles is permitted if the pile is rodent-
                 proofed.  This is not necessary when the pile consists
                 entirely of leaves.

        e.   Other Methods

            Other methods are not approved and shall be  utilized only
            after specific approval by Director of Licenses  and Inspection
            in each case.  (Section 7-4.10)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirements for Permits, etc.

        a.   No person shall engage in collection, transportation or disposal
            without obtaining a permit.  (Sections 7-4.07 and 4.10)

        b.   Application shall be made to Director of Licenses and Inspection.
            A license shall not be issued unless minimum standards as
                               182

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        provided for this ordinance are met.  (Sections 7-4.07 and 4.10)

    C.  Permits expire on June 30 of each year and may be renewed if
        applicant complies with all standards of this ordinance.  No
        permit shall be transferred, except in the case of the death of
        permittee when the executor, administrator or heirs may operate
        under the existing permit.  (Section 7-4.08)

2.  Inspection Procedure  (Section 7-4.12)

    The Director of Licenses and Inspection shall have the right to
    inspect any premises or property without the consent of the owner
    or occupant during hours of operation and at such other reasonable
    times as may be necessary to enforce this ordinance, but entry into
    private residences is prohibited.

3.  Liability for Violators  (Section 7-4.09)

    The Director of Licenses and Inspection may refuse to renew ,or he
    may revoke or suspend any license or permit upon a finding that
    the holder of the license or permit has violated this ordinance.
    This shall be done in accordance with the administrative pro-
    ceedings provided for in this Ordinance.

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Any revocation, suspension or refusal to renew shall be in writing
        and shall be mailed or delivered to the address shown on the
        application.  The license card of a particular vehicle may be
        revoked without effect on the license to do business.  Revocation
        shall remain until necessary corrections are made.  (Section
        7-4.09)

    b.  The City Manager may hear testimony and decide all appeals.  Any
        person aggrieved by issuance,  denial, renewal, suspension,
        revocation, or any other order may appeal to City Manager within
        10 days.  The City Manager may affirm, modify or reverse the
        order of Director.  Such appeal shall not stay execution of order
        unless City Manager, upon application, shall grant a stay.
        (Sections 7-4.04:2)

5.  Penalties

    Violation of the Ordinance is a misdemeanor and upon conviction,
    there shall be a fine of not more  than $100 or not more than 90
    days in jail or both.  Each day of violation is a separate offense.
    City may also institute injunction,  mandamus or any other appropri-
    ate action.  (Section 7-4.14)

6.  Performance Bonds  (Section 7-4.07:2)

    Bond of $500 to reimburse City of  all expenses shall be necessary
    to correct"non-compliance of this  Ordinance.
                            183

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                        BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Regulations  Governing  the Handling,  Storage,  Collection  and Disposal
      of Waste,  August  31,  1967.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

          Definitions

          a.   Domestic  Waste includes  garbage and rubbish resulting  from the
              usual  routine  of housekeeping.

          b.   Commercial Waste includes  garbage and rubbish material  resulting
              from the  operation  of business enterprises.  Manufacturing and
              trade  wastes  are not included.

          C,   Municipal Waste includes domestic waste  and commercial  waste.

          dc   Garbage includes all waste -  animal,  fish, fowl,  fruit  or vegetable
              matter incident to  the use,  preparation  and storage of  food, includ-
              ing  containers except glassware, and/or  wrappings  contaminated
              with such organic  (putrescible) material,

          e.   Rubbish includes waste resulting from housekeeping and  ordinary
              mercantile enterprises,  such  as packing  boxes, cartons,  excelsior,
              paper, ashes,  cinders, tin cans, bottles and metals, and similar
              material.

          f.   Burnable  Rubbish includes  all domestic or commercial waste not
              acceptable for incineration.  This includes ashes, cinders.glass-
              ware,  earthenware,  tin ware,  bed springs, auto parts and other
              metallic  substances, and containers for  paint, gasoline, solvents,
              cleaning  fluids and other  explosive materials, including aerosol
              and  similar type containers,  and especially light  bulbs, television
              tubes  and fluorescent tubes.

          g.   Tree waste includes tree stumps, trunks  or limbs,  three (3) inches
              or more in diameter or three  (3) feet or more in length; tree waste
              is not classified  as municipal waste.  (Section  1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1«  Responsible Agency

          a.   Sanitation Division of Department of  Public Works

          be   Director  of Public  Health

      2.  Functions  and Powers

          a.   Department of Public Works


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             (1)  To collect domestic waste.  (Section 2B)

             (2)  To establish standards for storage.  (Section 2B1)

             (3)  To establish time and place for collection.  (Section 2C1)

             (4)  To collect commercial waste (if not otherwise collected).
                  (Section 3A)

             (5)  To approve any suitable device for storage, handling and
                  disposal of waste.  (Section 5)

             (6)  To set fees for collection and disposal.  (Section 6)

         b.  Director of Public Health

             (1)  To issue permits for private dumps.  (Section 8A)

             (2)  To inspect private dumps.   (Section 8B)

             (3)  To revoke or suspend permits for private dumps,  (Section  SC)

             (4)  To issue permits for private collection.  (Section 9A)

             (5)  To revoke or suspend permits for private collection.
                  (Section 9A)

             (6)  To order removal of any accumulation which becomes a nuisance,
                  (Section 7C)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1o   Standards and Regulations

         a.  Storage of Domestic Waste  (Section 2A & B)

             (1)  Owner or occupant shall provide, and keep clean and in  good
                  repair, a sufficient number of containers.

             (2)  Burnable and non-burnable  rubbish shall  be separated and
                  placed in separate containers.

             (3)  Burnable rubbish or garbage may be stored separately or
                  together.

             (4)  Garbage shall be drained of all liquid  and wrapped.

             (5)  Containers shall be watertight, have tight fitting covers,
                  have substantial handles,  not  exceed 26  gallons in capacity
                  and 100 pounds in weight,  when full.

             (6)  Bundles shall be securely  tied and not exceed 75 pounds in
                  weight or 3 feet in maximum dimension.
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    (7)   Containers for burnable rubbish shall be similar to
          containers of non-burnable rubbish except there shall be a
          3'' wide green strip painted around the center.

    (8)   Tree branches, shrubbery and vines shall be tied in standard
          bundles and cut grass and leaves shall be stored in suitable
          containers.  They shall be placed for collection with non-
          burnable rubbish.

b.  Storage of Commercial Waste

    (1)   The owner of the business shall provide a sufficient number of
          containers.

    (2)   Commercial garbage shall be separated in the same fashion
          as domestic waste.  (Sections 3A & B)

c.  Collection of Domestic Waste

    (1)   All rubbish and mixed garbage shall be collected from curb
          and separately stored garbage from the yard.

    (2)   All rubbish and mixed garbage containers shall be placed at
          curb and removed after collection.

    (3)   Improperly stored or bulky items may be refused collection,
          and the Sanitary Division shall attack reasons therefore if
          practicable.  (Section 2C)

d.  Collection of Commercial Waste

    Shall be collected by Sanitation Division, private collector
    or owner of business at regular intervals to prevent a
    nuisance.  (Section 3A)

e.  Collection of other Waste

    (1)   All small dead animals, except those from animal hospitals
          and kennels, will be collected upon notice.

    (2)   Tree waste, construction waste and trade waste must be
          deposited by owner of premises,

    (3)   Incinerator waste shall be placed in containers for burnable
          rubbish.

    (4)   All hospital waste shall be placed in cardboard box, then
          sealed and labeled.  (Section 4)

f.  Transportation of Wastes

    Vehicles must be so constructed as to prevent spillage and
    blowing away of contents.  (Section 9C)
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    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any garbage, rubbish or other waste
            upon the street, park, or any premises, except an approved disposal
            area in containers as required by these regulations.

        b.  It shall be unlawful to scavenge in containers set out for collection
            or articles delivered to landfill or incinerator.  (Section 6)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Private Dumps

            (1)   A permit is required for use of public or private premises as
                  disposal area.

            (2)   A permit is to be granted by the Director of Public Health
                  if he feels the area will not be a nuisance, be unsightly or
                  be a violation of zoning laws.  A permit may be granted
                  subject to such conditions as the Director feels are neces-
                  sary.  (Section 8)

        b.  Private Collectors

            (1)   Permits are required to transport wastes through the town
                  except that the Sanitation Division and originator of the
                  wastes do not need a permit.

            (2)   Applications are to be made to the Director of Public Health.

            (3)   Permits shall expire at end of each calendar year but may be
                  renewed annually.  (Section 9)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        Director of Public Health may inspect proposed private dump.
        (Section 8B)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        a.  The Director of Public Health may revoke or suspend a permit for
            a dump if the dump becomes a nuisance.  (Section 8C)

        b.  The Director of Public Health may revoke or suspend a permit for
            private collection if this ordinance is not complied with.

    4.  Penalties

        A fine not to exceed $20 for violation of sections 2-7 of the
        regulations" and a fine not to exceed $50 shall be possible for"
        violation of sections 8 or 9 of these regulations.  (Section 10B)
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                      DETROIT,  MICHIGAN
 1.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     An Ordinance to Regulate  the  Handling,  Storage,  Collection  and
     Disposal of Municipal  Waste,  Litter  and other  Waste  Materials,
     Ordinance No.  660-F, Chapter  No.  189,  February 8,  1962.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Declaration of Policy

         This ordinance shall  be  liberally  construed for  the  purpose  of
         providing a sanitary  and  satisfactory  method of  preparation,
         collection and disposal  of  municipal wastes, and the maintenance
         of public and private property in  a clean, orderly and  sanitary
         condition for the  peace,  health  and safety of  the community.
         (Section 101)

     2.  Definitions

         a.  Municipal waste includes  certain discarded products incident  to
             housekeeping and  commercial  enterprises.

         b.  Domestic waste includes waste  material resulting from the usual
             routine of housekeeping,  including garbage,  rubbish and  ashes.

         c.  Commercial waste  includes miscellaneous waste material resulting
             from the operation of business  enterprises and institutions,
             including garbage, rubbish and  ashes  from offices and stores
             or the like, and  construction  waste, but excluding  trade waste.

         d.  Construction waste includes  waste  from building  construction,
             alteration, demolition  or repair,  and  dirt from  excavations.

         e.  Garbage includes  all  waste animal, fish, fowl, fruit or  vegetable
             matter incident to the  use,  preparation and  storage of food.   It
             includes spoiled  food but excludes food in containers of non-
             burnable nature.

         f.  Rubbish includes  miscellaneous  solid waste material resulting
             from housekeeping and ordinary  mercantile  enterprises, such as
             packing boxes, cartons, excelsior, paper,  ashes, cinders, tin
             cans,  bottles, glassware, earthenware, rubber, rags, wood,
             bedding, straw, leather,  automobile tires, auto  parts, bedsprings,
             grass, leaves, furniture, barrels, etc.

         g.  Trade waste includes  waste material resulting from  industrial
             operations and not classified  as municipal waste,

         h.  Litter includes any  garbage, rubbish,  waste  material or  other
             substance placed  or  allowed  to  remain  on the ground or in any
             other manner constituting a  nuisance,   (Article  II)
                                  188

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III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Commissioners of Public Works, Health, Police, and of Buildings
          and Safety Engineering.

      2,  Functions and Powers

          a.   To enforce this ordinance.  (Section 102)

          be   To adopt reasonable regulations to carry out the intent of the
              ordinance.  (Section 102)

          c.   To issue permits.  (Section 405.6)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.   All garbage shall be drained of all free liquid and wrapped in
              paper.  No garbage shall be stored in an uncovered receptacle.
              (Section 302)

          b.   Commercial garbage need not be wrapped, but undrained garbage
              will not be collected.   (Section 303)

          c«   Domestic and commercial rubbish shall be collected by the
              Department of  Public Works.  (Section 304)

          d.   All small dead animals, if kept separate, will be collected by
              the Department of Public Works.  (Section 304)  Owners shall be
              responsible for the removal and disposal of large dead animals
              weighing over  100 pounds.   (Section 305)

          &r   Bulk rubbish shall be securely tied in compact bundles, not to
              exceed 100 pounds in weight.   Large bulky items, such as
              refrigerators, stoves,  etc.,  will  require a special pickup.
              (Section 307)

          fo   Shrubbery and  tree branches shall  not exceed 3 feet in length,
              10 inches in diameter,  or  a total  of 100 pounds in weight.
              (Section 308)

          g.   Infectious materials shall be burned in an incinerator.  Where
              necessary, they shall be wrapped and placed into the rubbish
              receptacle or  otherwise disposed of in an acceptable manner.
              (Section 309)

          h.   All proper and sufficient  number of receptacles shall be main-
              tained in good and clean condition.  (Section 401)

          i.   Portable receptacles shall hold two weeks' accumulation and have
              a capacity of  not less  than 20 gallons nor more than 26 gallons.
                                    189

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            They shall be of galvanized metal,  fly-tight,  and provided with
            handle,  not to exceed 100 pounds  when filled.   (Section 404.2)

        j.   Receptacles shall be conveniently accessible  for collection service
            and for  all users.   (Section 406)

        k.   Commercial waste shall be collected by the Department of Public
            Works with charge.   (Section 503)

        1.   The Commissioner of Public Works  may enter into a contract with
            parties  creating commercial or construction waste.

        m.   Collection vehicles shall be operated in a manner which will
            prevent  a litter nuisance.  The load shall be  covered with a
            tarpaulin.  (Section 602)

        n.   Every person shall keep his premises free of  litter at all times.
            (Section 704)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.   It shall be unlawful to burn garbage in any receptacle or unapproved
            incinerator.  (Section 302)

        b.   It shall be unlawful to burn rubbish in an open fire except under
            permit.   (Section 304)

        c.   It shall be unlawful to use defective or illegal receptacles for
            storage  of wastes.   (Section 403)

        d.   It shall be unlawful for any person other than authorized collectors
            to interfere with garbage and rubbish.  (Section 601)

        e.   It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit any litter on any
            street except approved dumps.  (Section 701)

        f.   It shall be unlawful for dangerous materials  to be deposited in
            any street or any public or private place.  (Section 703)

        g.   It shall be unlawful to dump in public waters.  (Section 708)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.   Stationary or large moveable receptacles shall not be installed
            without  a permit.  The permit fee shall not exceed $5.  (Section
            405.6)

        b.   Garbage  and rubbish chutes shall not be installed without a
            permit.   (Section 407)

    2.  Liability for Violators
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    a.  Any permit shall be revoked for cause  by the Commissioner of
        Public Works.   (Section 405.6)

    b.  Should any contractor fail to pay for  service rendered within
        30 days after  the date of bill, the Department of Public Works
        shall be relieved of all obligation.   (Section 506)

3.  Penalties

    Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance
    shall upon conviction thereof be subject to a fine of not  more
    than $500.00 or to imprisonment for not more than 90  days, or
    to both.  (Section 801)
                           191

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                            CULBERTSON, MONTANA

  I.   NAME  OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance  No.  111

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration  of  Policy

         The uncontrolled  disposal,  handling,  removal  and  storage  of  garbage,
         refuse and rubbish is  unsafe, dangerous,  unsanitary,  and  consti-
         tutes  a present hazard and  continuous menace  to the health,  morals,
         safety and general welfare  of the  people  and  is a public  nuisance,
         all of which creates a present  public emergency,

      2.  Definitions

         a.   Garbage  includes putrescible animal and vegetable wastes resulting
              from the handling, preparation,  cooking and consumption  of  food.

         b.   Refuse includes all putrescible  and nonputrescible solid wastes
              (except  body  wastes), including  garbage,  rubbish, street cleaning,
              dead animals, yard clippings and  solid market and solid  industrial
              wastes.

         c.   Rubbish  includes nonputrescible  solid wastes, consisting of both
              combustible and noncombustible wastes, such as paper, cardboard,
              abondoned  automobiles,  tin  cans,  wood, tree branches, hedge
              trimmings,  glass,  bedding,  crockery and similar materials.

         d.   A  garbage  can is defined as a  tapered receptacle  for  garbage,
              refuse or  rubbish, between  18-20  inches in diameter and  between
              15-30 gallons in capacity,  constructed of galvanized  iron or
              metal of a similar character with handles and a tight fitting
              cover attached by  a chain to the  garbage  rack.

         e.   A  garbage  rack is  defined as a rack or holder for garbage cans
              constructed so that the base of  the garbage can is between  18-24
              inches above  the ground, and constructed  so that  small animals
              cannot knock  over  or tip over  the garbage cans.   (Section 1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible  Agency

         Town Council

      2.  Functions and  Powers

         a.   To issue permits for burning.   (Section 2-)

         b.   To contract for removal of  refuse.  (Section  4)
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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.  All garbage, refuse and rubbish shall be placed in approved
             garbage cans.  No can shall weigh more than 75 pounds.  (Section
             3)

         b.  All cans shall be placed in approved garbage racks except where
             permission given by Town Council to do otherwise,  (Section 3)

         c.  Collection shall be made 2 times weekly from residential buildings
             and 3 times weekly from commercial establishment.  (Section 4)

         d.  Items of garbage, refuse and rubbish exceeding 75 pounds in
             weight shall be collected at least once a month.  (Section 4)

         e.  Dry rubbish or refuse may be burned by producers only with
             permission of Town Council and only in approved incinerators at
             specified hours.  Such burning shall not create any dense smoke
             or offensive odor.  (Section 2)

         f.  Any person owning any garbage, refuse or rubbish and subject to
             removal under this ordinance may arrange for disposal at the
             disposal area.  (Section 11)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to dispose or burn any
             garbage, refuse or rubbish except as permitted in this ordinance
             or by permission of the Town Council.  (Section 2)

         b.  It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit or cause to be
             deposited any garbage, refuse or rubbish upon any road or road-
             way.  (Section 9)

         c.  It shall be unlawful for any person transporting garbage, refuse
             or rubbish to negligently allow the same to be blown or otherwise
             removed from the vehicle in which it is being transported.
             (Section 10)

 V.   ENFORCEMENT

     1 <,   Requirements for Contracts

         The Town Council can advertise for bids for contract to remove
         garbage, rubbish and refuse.  (Section 4)

     2.   Liability for Violators

         Contract may be suspended or voided by the Town Council for
         violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance or the
         contract.  (Section 6)
                                193

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3.  Penalties

    A fine of not more than $50 nor more than 5 days or both at the
    discretion of the Court may be levied.  (Section 12)

4.  Performance Bond

    $5,000.00  (Section 5)
                              194

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                   GRAND ISLAND,  NEBRASKA
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chapter 15 of Grand Island City Code.   Sections  1-37.   Effective date
      18 December 1968.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

          Definitions

          a.   Dead animals includes all small animals  such as cats,  dogs,  and
              rabbits, which die from any cause,  but not large animals such as
              goats, horses, mules and cows  which shall die from any cause.

          b.   Garbage includes accumulations of animal, fruit or vegetable food
              waste generated by or resulting from the decay, deterioration,
              storage, preparation or handling of any  animal and vegetable
              matter in any place or at any  point where food is prepared for
              human consumption.

          c.   Refuse includes waste material from normal households  or living
              conditions and business operations  other than garbage, but not
              waste materials from building  construction or repair,  factory
              wastes, or refuse industrial plants of any character.

          d.   Collection includes, in a residential district, not more than
              three full thirty-two gallon garbage cans or two full  thirty-two
              gallon cans and any number of  full  baskets, boxes, sacks, or
              bundles equal in volume to not exceeding one thirty-two gallon
              garbage can.

          e.   Waste material includes all items,  objects, or material not
              included within the definition of garbage, dead animals or refuse.
              (Section 15-1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          a.   Department of Health  (Section 15-2)

          b.   Department of Public Works  (Section 15-18)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   Department of Health

              To enforce provisions of this  chapter pertaining to the
              collecting transporting and disposing, by approved methods,
              of all garbage, refuse and waste materials within the  city.
              (Section 15-2)
                                   195

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    b.  Department of Public Works

        (1)  To make required inspections.  (Section 15-18)

        (2)  To approve equipment for permit application.  (Section 15-15)

SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

1.   Standards and Regulations

    a.  Responsibility

        (1)  It is the responsibility of the owner and occupant, where
             garbage, refuse or waste material is created, to remove or
             cause such to be removed.  (Section 15-3)

        (2)  All dead animals such as horses,  cows, mules and goats
             and all construction waste shall  be promptly disposed by
             owner.  (Sections 15-6 and 15-7)

    b.  Storage

        (1)  The owner or occupant shall provide sufficient watertight,
             rodent and insect proof metal or  plastic receptacles with
             tightly fitting lid and handles.   Such receptacles shall not
             exceed 32 gallons capacity.  Detached containers may be used
             with permission of Department of  Health.  (Sections 15-18
             and 15-19)

        (2)  Receptacles shall be kept clean.   (Section 15-10)

        (3)  Receptacles shall be stored at rear of lot or at convenient
             place on the premises.  (Section  15-11)

        (4)  If receptacles are in a state of  disrepair, the Department of
             Health shall notify the owner.  (Section 15-12)

        (5)  Wet garbage shall be securely wrapped prior to deposition
             in container.  (Section 15-13)

        (6)  Tall limbs and branches shall be  tied in bundles not to
             exceed 5 feet in length and 50 'pounds in weight.  (Section
             15-U)

    c.  Collection

        (1)  All licenses shall collectively maintain an answering service
             from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday for the
             purpose of receiving calls and complaints and prompt attention
             be given to such calls.  (Section 15-25)

        (2)  Any person may collect, cransport and dispose of his own
             refuse, garbage and waste material if. an approved vehicle is
                               196

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                 used and if the vehicle is designed and covered so as to
                 prevent leakage, spillage, blowing and scattering of
                 materials.  (Section 15-27)

      .  d.  Transportation

            All vehicles used by licensee shall have a watertight metal
            body to prevent leakage and shall have a cover to prevent
            blowing off and jarring of materials.  (Section 15-17)

        e.  Disposal

            Approved methods of disposal are:

            (a)  delivery to licensed collector

            (b)  burning or incineration  (See Chapter 13 of City
                 Code)

            (c)  hauling to sanitary landfill

            (d)  disposal in home garbage disposal unit.  (Section 15-2)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any licensee to refuse collection to any
            person who has paid required fees.  (Section 15-24)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to start collection in a residential district
            before 6:00 a.m.  (Section 15-26)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to deposit garbage or refuse in any place
            other than a city operated Sanitary Landfill.  (Section 15-37)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc,

        a.  A license is required for any person to collect or transport
            garbage or refuse for hire except those operating lawn services
            exclusively.  Equipment must be approved by the Department of
            Public Works.  A garbage license shall cost $10 per year and a
            refuse license $5 per year with licenses expiring on 30
            September.  (Section 15-15)

        b.  The maximum number of garbage licenses is seven,and the number of
            refuse licenses is unlimited.  (Section 15-16)

        c.  Licenses shall be automatically renewed from year to year if
            required fees are paid, bonds tendered and inspections complied
            with.  (Section 15-20)

        d.  Licenses are not transferrable.  (Section 15-22)
                                         197

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    e.  Routes may be sold but purchaser must obtain new license.
        (Section 15-23)

2.  Inspection Procedure

    All collection equipment shall be inspected at least twice
    annually not later than 1  September and 1 April by the Department
    of Public Works.  (Section 15-18)

3c  Liability for Violators

    a.  If any owner of a premises fails to comply with a written  notice
        to correct violations, it shall be the duty of the Department
        of Health to prosecute.  (Section 15-5)

    b.  If any licensee violates a provision of this chapter, the  City
        Council may summon the violator to appear and show cause why his
        license should not be revoked.   After such hearing, the City
        Council may revoke said license.  (Section 15-21)

4.  Administrative Proceedings  (Sections 15-4 and 15-12)

    It shall be the duty of the Department of Health, where garbage has
    gathered or receptacles are in disrepair, to notify the owner  or
    occupant to remove the same.  Notice shall be in writing and
    served in person or by leaving notice at premises.  If no person
    is in charge, notice shall be sent by registered mail to last
    known address of owner.  If notice delivered in person, cor-
    rections must be completed within 3 days of notice; if notice  is
    sent by mail, owner has 10 days from date of notice to complete
    corrections.

5.  Performance Bonds and Insurance

    a.  Workmen's Compensation and Employee Liability $25,000.

    b.  Comprehensive general liability of not less than:

        (1)  $100,000 each person

        (2)  $300,000 each occurance for bodily injury or death

        (3)  $40,000 each property damage and $300,000 aggregate.

    c.  Automobile Liability of not less than:

        (1)  .$100,000 each person

        (2)  $300,000 each accident for bodily injury or death

        (3)  $50,000 each accident for property damage.

    d.  Surety bond of $5,000 for garbage licensees only.   (Section  15-19)
                                 198

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                        ALBUQUERQUE,  NEW MEXICO


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      "Municipal Refuse Collection Service''  Ordinance  No.  1775,  August
      23, 1960.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

          Definitions

          a.   Ashes includes  residue  from the  burning of wood,  coal,  coke,  or
              other combustible materials.

          b.   Garbage includes  putrescible  animal  and vegetable wastes  resulting
              from the handling preparation, cooking, and consumption of food.

          c.   Refuse includes,  but  is not limited  to, all putrescible and non-
              putrescible solid wastes (except body wastes)  such as  garbage,
              rubbish, ashes, petroleum products  (including  gasoline, kerosene,
              oil, grease and the like, whether new or used),  street  cleanings,
              dead animals and  industrial wastes.

          d.   Rubbish includes, but is not  limited to, all non-putrescible  solid
              wastes (excluding ashes), such as abandoned automobiles,  and
              solid both combustible  and noncombustible  wastes  such  as  paper,
              cardboard, cans,  wood,  yard clippings,  leaves,  dirt, grass, bedding,
              crockery and similar  materials,   (Section  2)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          City Manager

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To make changes and revoke regulations.  (Sections 3 &  4D3)

          b.   To permit producers to  use sanitary  landfill to  deposit own
              refuse.  (Section 4D2)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.   General

              (1)   All refuse shall be collected,  conveyed and  disposed of
                   by the City  except as provided  herein.

              (2)   Actual producers of refuse  or owners  of premises where
                   refuse is  produced may personally  collect  and dispose of
                                   199

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         their own refuse if they comply with provisions of this
         ordinance.  (Section 3)

b.  Recollection Storage

    (1)  Garbage, ashes and rubbish shall be kept in separate
         containers.

    (2)  All garbage  and rubbish  shall- be drained and wrapped prior
         to being placed in the can.

    (3)  Tree trimmings and similar material shall be securely tied
         in bundles not to exceed 4 feet in length and two feet in
         diameter.

    (4)  All containers must be maintained in good condition and
         defective containers must be promptly replaced.

    (5)  Garbage containers shall be of galvanized metal or stainless
         steel, equipped with suitable handles, tight-fitting covers,
         and be watertight.  The  capacity shall not exceed 30 gallons
         and weigh no more than 75 pounds when full.  Ash containers
         shall be the same except the maximum capacity shall be 20
         gallons,

    (6)  Rubbish containers shall be suitable for the purpose and
         not exceed 75 pounds when full.

    (7)  Commercial and business establishments shall use galvanized
         metal bins.   (Section 4)

c.  Collection

    (1)  The City Manager shall decide frequency of collection.

    (2)  The City shall collect a reasonable accumulation of refuse.

    (3)  Contageous,  inflammable or explosive materials shall not
         be placed in regular containers, but shall be disposed of as
         directed by the City Manager.  (Section 5)

d.  Transportation

    Producers of refuse may dispose of own waste material if it
    does not fit in the definition of refuse and if the vehicle
    used is watertight and operated so as to prevent the spillage
    and/or dripping of materials.   (Section 5D)

e.  Disposal

    Disposal shall be outside city limits unless at sanitary
    landfill or otherwise authorized by the City Manager.
    (Section 5D)
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    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to collect, convey or dispose
            of any refuse except as provided in this ordinance.  (Section 3)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to place any refuse on any public or private
            property or body of water except as herein required for collection.
            (Section 4D1)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to allow accumulation of refuse to become a
            nuisance.  (Section 4D2)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to place any refuse in a manner where it mav
            be scattered by the elements.  (Section 4D3)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage without the permission of the
            City Manager.  (Section 7)            '

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    Penalties

    Violation of this ordinance is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine
    of not more than $300 and/or imprisonment not to exceed 90 days.
    (Section 10)
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                                  HYDE PARK, NEW YORK
  I.   NAME  OF  ORDINANCE
      Refuse  Disposal  Regulations  of the Town  of Hyde Park, Ordinance No.
      6,  February  2,  1959.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration  of  Policy

          The purpose  is  to  provide the necessary  rules,  standards,  and
          procedure  for the  disposal of refuse in  order to promote the
          public health,  safety and general welfare  of the municipality.
          (Article 2)

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Contractor  includes  any private  refuse collector  as may be  duly
              authorized  by  permits issued by  the  Town Board  of Hyde Park to
              supply the  service of refuse collection and disposal within the
              Township.   (Article  3)

          b.   Premises includes land, buildings or other  structures, vehicles
              or parts thereof.   (Article 3)

          c.   Refuse includes  all  solid wastes of  a  community,  including  garbage,
              ashes, rubbish,  market and industrial  wastes, but not  including
              body wastes.   (Article 3)

          d.   Garbage  includes animal and vegetable  wastes resulting from the
              handling, preparation, cooking and/or  consumption of foods.
              (Article 9)

          e.   Ashes  includes residue from the  burning of  wood,  coal, coke, or
              other  combustible materials.   (Article 9)

          f.   Rubbish  includes non-decomposable solid waste,  consisting of
              paper, cardboard, tin cans, glass,  crockery, metals and similar
              materials.   (Article 9)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.'  Responsible  Agency

          The Town Board  and the Town Highway  Department

      2.   Functions  and Powers

          a.   To  issue licenses or permits.   (Article 5)

          b.   To  inspect  and supervise  disposal site.   (Article 8)
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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.   Refuse acceptable for collection:   garbage;  ashes;  rubbish.
             (Article 9)

         b.   Garbage shall be drained and stored in durable,  rust-resisting,
             nonabsorbent, watertight, and easily washable containers, which
             have close-fitting covers and adequate handles,  and are of not
             more than 20 gallons in capacity.   (Article  9C,1)

         c.   Ashes shall  be stored in fire-reuistant containers  with close-
             fitting covers, not greater than 20 gallons  in capacity.
             (Article 9C,2)

         d.   Rubbish shall be stored in durable containers with  close-fitting
             covers.  (Article 9C,3)

         e.   All household refuse shall be collected at least once weekly in
             high density population areas.  (Article 9D,1)

         f.   All institutional, business and industrial refuse shall be
             collected at least twice weekly.  (Article 9D,2)

         g.   All vehicles shall have enclosed bodies, or suitable provision
             for the covering of the body to prevent littering.   (Article
             9E.1)

         h.   All vehicle  shall have metal bodies of easily cleanable con-
             struction, shall be cleaned at sufficient frequency, and shall
             be maintained in good repair.  (Article 9E,2)

         i.   All disposal of refuse shall be by methods in accordance with
             requirements of state and local law.  (Article 10)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.   It shall be  unlawful to place, collect, deposit any refuse,  except
             as designated.  (Article 4A)

         b.   It shall be  unlawful to permit refuse to accumulate on any
             premises in  any other manner than as provided.  (Article 9C,5)

     3.   Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities

         Sanitary landfills shall be designed, operated and maintained
         so that:

         (1) Refuse is compacted into layers of approximately one-fourth
             of the original refuse volume.

         (2) Bulky waste  material may not be used for final surface or
             side slopes.


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        (3)  All exposed surfaces are covered with at  least six inches of
             earth at the end of each operation.

        (4)  The final earth covering shall consist of compacted earth
             depths of not less than 24 inches.

        (5)  Cracks, depressions and erosion of  earth  covering shall be
             promptly repaired.

        (6)  Surface water is properly drained,  or treated with effective
             chemicals.

        (7)  Measures shall be taken to prevent  the scattering of light-
             weight materials, dust control, and otherwise preventing local
             nuisance or the breeding of rodents.

        (8)  Adequate equipment is to be provided.

        (9)  Scavenger wastes shall not be deposited in sanitary landfills
             unless approved.

        (10) No material shall be burned after placement in the fill.
             Burning of refuse shall be restricted to  readily combustible
             materials burned during daylight hours.

        (11) No scavenging shall be permitted except undar a special
             permit.  (Article 10)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        It shall be unlawful to conduct refuse collection and disposal
        without a license or permit issued by the Town Clerk upon the
        approval of the Town Board, after payment of $50.00 per year.
        (Article 5)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        A representative of the Town Highway Department is empowered to
        inspect and supervise disposal site conditions at all times.  The
        frequency of such inspections and the filing of inspection reports
       .will be as designated by the Town Board.

    3.  Liability for Violators

        Upon violation of any provision of this  Ordinance, the Board may
        suspend or revoke any permit or license.  (Article 6)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        In case of violation of any provision of this  Ordinance, the
        Town Board shall give notice of such alleged violation.  The
                                    204

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responsible person shall be allowed a time, not to exceed 10
days, for the performance of any act it requires.  Upon non-
compliance the Board may suspend or revoke any permit or
license.  (Article 6)

Penalties

Any person who violates any provision of these regulations shall
be punished by a fine of not more than $100.00.  (Article 11)
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                             RED HOOK, NEW YORK  •


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Refuse  Disposal  Regulations,  June  21,  1962   (Article  1)

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration  of  Policy

          To  regulate  and license  the  operation of refuse disposal  areas
          and to  prohibit the dumping  of refuse, garbage and  rubbish  in
          an  open area without being treated.   (Article 2)

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Refuse includes all  putrescible  and  non-putrescible solid wastes
              including  garbage, rubbish, ashes, street cleanings,  dead animals,
              offal and  solid commercial and industrial wastes.

          b.   Garbage  includes waste food, papers, dead animals  or  parts  thereof
              and all  waste or discarded wood, lumber  or vegetable  matter of
              any kind,  or any other matter  which  shall be  inflammable  or cap-
              able of  fermentation or  decay.

          c.   Rubbish  includes waste metal,  tin cans,  ashes,  cinders, glass,
              pottery  and all discarded  substances of  a solid and combustible
              nature.

          d.   Refuse Disposal includes the use of  a dosposal  area for an  accumu-
              lation of  refuse for profit or use of a  disposal area for an
              accumulation of refuse and confined  to collection  of  refuse from
              a single family.  (Article 3)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible  Agency

          Town Board

      2.   Functions and  Powers

         .a.   To approve issuance  of licenses.  (Article 5)

          b.   To revoke  or suspend licenses.  (Article 8)

          c.   To inspect and supervise disposal area.   (Article  6)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and  Regulations
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             The owner and occupant of premises shall be responsible for
             sanitary condition of those premises.   (Article 4)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.   It shall be unlawful to place or deposit any refuse on any
             premises except as provided in this ordinance.   (Article 4)

        b.   It shall be unlawful to any person to  carry on  or conduct a
             refuse disposal business without a permit.   (Article 5A)

    3.  Solid Waste Facilities
                                                                »
        a.   The refuse disposal area shall be maintained in safe and sanitary
             manner at all times.

        b.   The Board may inspect and supervise the area at all times.

        c.   The area shall observe the following procedures:

             (1) There shall be a six (6) inch daily cover and suitable
                 final cover.

             (2) Each layer shall be \ of the original refuse volume.

             (3) Bulky waste material shall be placed in fill and shall not
                 be used for side slopes or final surface.

             (4) Cracks, depressions and erosion must be promptly repaired.

             (5) The surface shall be drained or treated to  prevent mosquito
                 production and odors,

             (6) Suitable measures to prevent scattering of  material and to
                 control dust and breeding of insects shall  be taken.

             (7) There shall be no burning after placement in the fill.

             (8) There shall be no scavenging without a special permit.
                 (Article 6)

        d.   The area shall not obstruct natural drainage channels or be in
             area subject to flooding unless adequate precautions taken.
             (Article 7)

        e.   The area shall not be located where public or private water
             supplies might be polluted.  (Article  8)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        a.   Application must be made on forms approved by Town Board.
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    b.  The clerk will issue license after approval by Town Board.

    c.  A license is valid for one year and may be renewed, but it may not
        be transferred.   (Article 5)

2.  Inspection

    The Town Board may inspect Refuse Disposal Area.   (Article 6B)

3.  Liability for Violators

    Violation of this ordinance shall result in immediate forfeiture of
    any license held by the violator.  (Article 8B)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  A license may be revoked by the Town Board after a public hearing
        at which the licensee shall have the opportunity to be heard.
        (Article 5F)

    b»  The Town Board may notify licensee by ordinary mail of existing
        violations, and if said violations are not corrected within a
        reasonable time set by the Board and in no event later than 10
        days from the date of said notice, the Town Board may suspend or
        revoke the license of said licensee.  (Article 8C)

5.  Penalties

    Violation of a provision of this ordinance is a misdemeanor, and
    upon conviction, violator may be punished by a fine not to exceed
    $100 and/or more than 10 days in jail.  Each day of violation is
    a separate offense.
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                                 ROCHESTER,  NEW YORK
 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Rochester Code,  Public Works -  Article  II,  Garbage,  Refuse  and
     Waste Collection and Disposal,  1958.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration  of Policy

         To protect and promote the  health,  safety and welfare of  the
         people of Rochester.

     2.   Definitions

         a.  Garbage  includes  all putrescible  animal or vegetable  wastes
             resulting from the handling,  preparation, cooking and con-
             sumption of food  in any private dwelling house,  multiple dwel-
             ling hotel, restaurant, building  or institution.

         b.  Rubbish  includes  all cardboard, plastic, metal or glass food
             containers, waste paper, rags,  sweepings, small pieces  of wood,
             excelsior, rubber, leather,  and similar waste materials that
             ordinarily accumulate around a  home,  business or industry.   It
             shall not include garbage,  ashes, bulk refuse, dead animals,
             hazardous refuse, industrial waste or building waste  resulting
             from the operations of  a contractor.

         c.  Mixed refuse includes garbage and rubbish placed and  stored  to-
             gether in a standard refuse  container or in  a substitute refuse
             container as required by this ordinance.

         d.  Ashes includes residue  of the combustion of  solid fuels.

         e.  Bulk refuse includes discarded  household furniture, bedding  and
             mattresses, leaves, lawn cuttings,  tree trimmings and hedge
             trimmings, large  appliances  and other bulky  household material
             too large to place in standard  refuse container.

         f.  Dead animals includes animals that have died naturally  or have
             been accidentally killed. Animals or parts  of animals  from
             slaughterhouses are not included  in this category.

         g.  Hazardous refuse  includes any refuse, the handling  or disposal
             of which, in the  opinion of  the Commissioner,  would constitute a
             danger to city employees or  to  city property.

         h.  Household waste includes mixed  refuse,  ashes and bulk refuse
             originating in and around private dwellings, multiple dwellings,
             fraternity houses, living quarters  or dining facilities located
             in schools, colleges or universities.
                                    209

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          i.   Institutional waste  includes mixed  refuse  and  ashes  originating
              in and  around tax  exempt  hospitals  and  public,  charitable,  phil-
              anthropic or religious  institutions conducted  for  the  benefit  of
              the public or a recognized  section  of the  public.   Institutions
              not covered by  the foregoing definition shall  be considered
              commercial establishments.

          j.   Commercial waste includes rubbish,  mixed refuse and  ashes  origi-
              nating  in and around commercial  establishments, industrial
              establishments, hotels, restaurants,  cafeterias and  nonpublic
              institutions.   It  shall not include wooden pallets,  trade-in
              furniture and appliances, or other  types of discarded  merchandise.

          k.   Industrial waste includes any  and all residue  resulting directly
              from industrial or manufacturing operations.   It shall not include
              waste originating  from  commercial operations of an industrial
              establishment,  nor shall  it include waste  resulting  from the
              commercial operations of  persons, firms or corporations engaged
              in the  construction of  buildings, the repairing of streets and
              buildings, demolition or  excavation.  Residue  or waste resulting
              from tree or landscaping  services shall be excluded.

          1.   Building waste  includes any and  all refuse or  residue  resulting
              directly from building  construction,  reconstruction, repair or
              demolition; from grading, shrubbing or  other incidential work  in
              connection with any premises;  or from replacement  of building
              equipment or appliances.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Department  of Public Works

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To provide for  public collection and disposal  service.  (Section
              20-14)

          b.   To draft and publish regulations pertaining to the public
              collection and  disposal of  wastes.   (Section 20-14)

          c.   To issue licenses  for collection of refuse.  (Section  20-26)

          d.   Enforcement of  licensing  ordinance.  (Section  20-26A)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.   Ashes shall be  stored in  separate standard containers.
              (Section 20-15)
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b.  Garbage shall be drained of water, securely wrapped in paper,
    and deposited in a standard container.   (Section 20-16A)

c.  Bulk refuse shall be placed at the curb, between the curb and
    sidewalk.  Lawn cuttings shall be placed in standard containers
    or in loose piles.  Tree trimmings shall be securely tied in
    bundles not heavier than (75) pounds, not less than three (3)
    feet in length nor more than (18) inches in diameter.
    (Section 20-16C)  Leaves shall be placed between the curb and
    sidewalk in piles.  (Section 20-16f)

d.  Building waste from minor repairs shall be placed in separate
    standard containers.  (Section 20-16d)

e.  Standard containers shall be of galvanized iron, shall have
    handles and tight fitting covers, shall be watertight, and marked
    for identification by the owner.  They shall not exceed twenty -
    four (24) inches in height nor eighteen (18) inches in diameter
    and shall have a capacity of not. less than eighteen (18) gallons
    nor more than twenty-two (22) gallons.   (Section 20-17)  The
    city assumes no liability for damages to containers manufactured
    of materials other than galvanized iron.

f.  The department shall collect garbage and household waste at
    least once each week.  It shall not collect commercial waste at
    public expense more frequently than twice each week.  Special
    services on Saturdays, Sundays, or holidays, shall be at double
    the normal rate per load or fraction thereof.  (Section 20-20)

g.  Galion E-Z Pack front end loading type containers or equal may
    be substituted in place of standard refuse containers upon
    issuance of a permit by the Commissioner of Public Works.
    (Section 20-21)

h.  Incinerators may be operated provided the operation of such
    incinerators does not emit smoke, dirt, noxious gases, fumes or
    odors in violation of the provisions of the Municipal Codes and
    no fire hazard is created.  (Section 20-23)

i.  Dead animals, weighing less than 100 pounds shall be removed by
    the department on request.  Dead animals weighing 100 pounds or
    over shall be removed by the Department upon the payment of a
    ten dollar fee.  (Section 20-24)

j.  In the event of a public emergency, the Commissioner may provide
    by contract for the public collection,  removal and disposal of
    garbage, refuse and waste.  (Section 20-25)

k.  Collection trucks shall have watertight enclosed bodies.  They
    shall be so equipped as to prevent the leakage or spillage of
    their contents.
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    1.  Acceptable solid wastes,  originating within the city and trans-
        ported to a designated city-operated landfill by any person
        shall be accepted by the  department for disposal during designa-
        ted hours of operation.  (Section 20-27)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage or mixed refuse in an open
        fire or in a metal basket,  can or drum.  (Section 20-23)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to use city landfill areas for the disposal
        of refuse originating outside the City of Rochester.  (Section
        20-28)

    c.  It shall be unlawful for  any person to interfere with or remove
        any container which has been placed for collection except
        employees of the department in execution of their duties.

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Licenses  (Section 20-26)

    a.  No person shall collect solid waste without having obtained
        from the Commissioner a license.

    b.  All applications shall be in writing and shall contain such
        information as the Commission shall require and shall be verified
        by the applicant.

    c.  The license fee shall be  $12 a year for each and every truck.

    d.  Renewal licenses shall be issued in the same manner and subject
        to the same conditions as original licenses.

    e.  No license or permit shall be transferable.

    f.  No license shall be issued to a person who has been convicted for
        violation of the ordinance or a person whose license has been
        revoked for one year after such revocation.

2.  Inspection Procedure

    All collection trucks shall be available for inspection prior to
    the issuance of any license.   (Section 20-261)

3.  Liability for Violators

    The Commissioner has the power to suspend or revoke a license for
    violation of any law or code  relating to solid waste.  He shall
    revoke a license in the event that the insurance policy is
    cancelled or has expired.  (Section 20-26g)
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4.  Administrative Proceedings

    The Commissioner shall suspend or revoke a license after a
    hearing.   He may revoke summarily the license of any person con-
    victed of violation.  The clerk of Police Court shall promptly
    notify the Commissioner issuing the license of any such con-
    viction.   (Section 20-26g)

5.  Penalties

    Violation of any of the provisions of this law is punishable by
    a fine not exceeding $150 or imprisonment not exceeding fifteen
    (15) days or by both, or by a penalty of not less than $5, nor
    more than $500.

6.  Insurance Policies

    Licensed  collectors shall previously have filed liability
    insurance policies.  Each policy shall be in the limits of not
    less than $50,000 for each person, and $100,000 for each
    accident  relating to bodily injury, and $25,000 for property
    damage for each accident and $50,000 aggregate for property
    damage liability.  (Section 20-26A)
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                                  HAMILTON, OHIO
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
      Chapter  55  Refuse,  Codified  Ordinances  of  Hamilton, Ordinance No.
      6770,  May  19,  1965,  as  amended by Ordinance No.  7177 and Ordinance
      No.  7126.

 II.   GENERAL  STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.   Garbage  includes  animal  and vegetable waste resulting from  the
              handling, preparation, cooking  and serving of food  for human
              consumption from  home kitchens,  stores,  markets, restaurants,
              hotels,  institutions and other  places where food is stored,
              prepared or served.  It  does not include food-processing wastes
              from canneries, slaughterhouses, packing plants or  similar
              industries  nor  large quantities  of condemned food products.

          b.   Refuse includes all  solid wastes including garbage,  rubbish,
              ashes, small dead animals, and  all other similar wastes, that are
              useless, unused,  unwanted, or discarded, either organic or
              inorganic,  combustible or non-combustible and putrescible or
              non-putrescible,  resulting from normal activities.

          C.   Refuse disposal site includes places designated by  the Director
              of  Public Works for  the  purpose  of disposing of refuse.

          d.   Rubbish  includes  both combustible  and noncombustible, non-
              putrescible solid waste  materials  from homes, commercial establish-
              ments  and institutions other than  garbage and small dead animals.
              Rubbish  consists  of  paper, rags, glass,  ashes, yard trimmings,
              leaves,  tin cans, old clothing,  crockery, cardboard, wood,  metals,
              sweepings and all other  similar wastes.

          e«   Small  dead  animals includes dogs,  cats,  rabbits, squirrels, rats
              and similar size  animals that die  naturally, form disease or are
              accidentally killed.  It shall  not include horses,  cows, goats,
              sheep, hogs and similar  size animals or  any animals that are
              condemned,  or from slaughterhouses, rendering plants, veterinari-
              ans, or  other like establishments.   (355.01)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible  Agency

          The  Directors of Health  and  Public  Works, the Chiefs of Fire
          and  Police.

      2.   Functions  and Powers
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         a.   To enforce the provisions  of  this  chapter  and  other  regulations.
             (355.02a)

         b.   To provide for the  collection and  disposal of  refuse.   (355.02b)

         c.   To establish and publish regulations  pertaining  to the  keeping,
             collection, hauling,  removal  and disposal  of refuse.   (355.02b)

         d.   To issue licenses for collecting,  transporting,  or disposing  of
             refuse.   (355.09a)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards  and  Regulations

         a.   All refuse shall be drained of all liquid  and  wrapped in  paper.
             355.03a)

         b.   Ashes  shall not have  smoldering embers.  They  shall be  dry and
             placed in  approved  containers.   (355.03b)

         c.   The bundle shall not  exceed 4 feet in length,  2  feet in diameter,
             nor weigh  more than 60  pounds.   (355.03c)

         d.   Each householder or commercial establishment shall provide
             sufficient containers.  The containers shall be  of galvanized
             iron or  other non-rusting  material, with two metal handles and
             tight  fitting lids, water  tight, and  shall have  a capacity not
             in excess  of 27 gallons or weigh more than 60  pounds.   All
             containers shall be kept in sanitary  condition and disinfected
             when necessary.  (355.04)

         e.   Containers shall be placed adjacent to alleys  or curbs, but not
             within the alley or street pavement.   (355.05a)

         f.   The City shall collect  all garbage and rubbish at least once
             every  week.  (355.06a)

         g.   A commercial establishment may transport and dispose of refuse
             by using the services of a private collector.  (355.06b)

         h.   Small  dead animals  shall be collected at least once each  24
             hour period.   (355.06f)

         i.   The following refuse  shall not be  accepted at  any City  disposal
             site:   dangerous materials; bulky  caterials; and large  quantities
             of refuse, liquids  or solids.   (355.06h)

         j.   The use  of private  disposal sites  shall be permitted provided
             they are not a nuisance.   If  burning  is practiced, the  approval
             of Fire  Chief and the Director of  Health is required. (355.08)
                                   215

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    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.   It shall be unlawful to use the City Collection and disposal
            services for any outside refuse.  (355.061)

        be   It, shall be unlawful to place infectious materials or hazardous
            materials in any refuse container.   (355.10a)

        c.   It shall be unlawful to throw any refuse in any place except in
            a heating plant or incinerator.  (355.10b)

        d.   It shall be unlawful to accumulate any refuse  for a longer period
            of time than between two consecutive collection dates.  (355.10c)

        e.   It shall be unlawful to throw any refuse upon  any highway, public
            or private ground, etc.  (355.10d)

        f.   It shall be unlawful to use any refuse for filling, except
            solid fill material that is non-combustible and non-putrescible.
            (355.10e)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        All persons collecting, transporting or disposing  of refuse
        shall be licensed by the Director of Finance.  The fee shall be
        $10,00 per year.  (355.09a)

    2.  Liability for Violators

        If any licensed collector violates the provisions  of this
        ordinance, the license of such person will be revoked.
        (355.09c)

    3.  Administrative Proceedings

        Five days notice shall be given by the City of the intention to
        revoke license, during which time the licensee may ask for a
        hearing.  The decision of the City Manager after such hearing
        shall be final.  (355.09c)

    4.  Penalties

        Any person violating the provisions of this chapter shall be
        guilty of a misdemeanor and fined in anv sum not to exceed
        $100.  (355.11)
                                     216

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                       ASTORIA,  OREGON
 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Articles 1-10 Refuse Collection -  Rules  and Regulations  (Cited  as
     Sec.	),  Astoria Code Chapter 4 -  Sanitation  (Cited  as  Sec.  4.0
     	)s November 5, 1946 and later amended.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         The City Council finds  that the maintenance  of  health  and sanita-
         tion requires compulsory and universal  collection,  removal  and
         disposal of refuse.   (Section  4.000)

     2.   Definitions

         a.   Ashes includes  solid waste products of coal, wood  and other  fuels
             and  use for heating and cooking,  for all public  and  private
             establishments  and  residences,

         b.   Disposal area includes  any area  designated  or provided  by the
             City Council for the purpose  of  disposal of refuse.

         c.   Garbage includes all putrescible  wastes, except  sewage  and body
             wastes, vegetables  wastes, animal offal  and carcasses of dead
             animals, and all substances from all public and  private establish-
             ments and residences, but  excluding recognized  industrial by-
             products .

         d.   Industrial refuse includes solid  waste materials from factories,
             processing plants or other manufacturing enterprises.   The words
             include putrescible garbage from food processing plants and
             slaughterhouses, condemned foods, building  rubbish and  miscel-
             laneous manufacturing refuse.

         e.   Refuse includes  ashes,  garbage,  rubbish,  swill  and all  other
             putrescible and  non-putrescible wastes,  except  sewage,  from  all
             public and private  establishments and residences.

         f.   Rubbish includes all non-putrescible waste  materials, except
             ashes, which are rejected, abandoned or  discarded by the owners
             or producers thereof as offensive,  useless  or no longer desired
             by producers thereof, and  which,  by  their presence or accumula-
             tion may affect  injuriously the health,  comfort  or safety of the
             community by increasing disease  or  hazard by fire.  The term
             includes paper,  cartons, boxes, bottles,  cans, wood, tree branches,
             yard trimmings,  furniture, bedding,  metals, dirt, glass, crockery
             and  similar substances  or  materials  of the  nature described
             from all public  and private establishments  and  residences.
                                    217

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          g.   Swill includes  refuse accumulation of animal,  fruit or vegetable
              matter,  liquid  or otherwise,  that  attends  the  preparation,  use,
              cooking, dealing in or storing of  meat,  fish,  fowl, fruit and
              vegetables, that is subject  to decay and the attraction of flies
              or rodents.  (Section 4.005)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible  Agency

          Sanitary Service Division  (Public Works Director  and Sanitary
          Engineers).  (Section 2.01)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To supervise all collecting  and disposal.   (Section 2.01)

          b.   To set hours of operation for disposal.   (Section 3.01)

          c.   To give  permits to transport  industrial  refuse.   (Section 9.01)

          d.   To supervise sanitary landfill.  (Section 3.05)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a..   Collection

              (1)  The occupant of any building  and every other person having
                   refuse, shall provide a container and keep  it easily acces-
                   sible to the collector.   (Section 4.040)

              (2)  The City may require separation of  refuse into ashes, rub-
                   bish, and garbage.  (Section  4.030)

              (3)  All refuse shall be placed in watertight, galvanized metal
                   container of not more than 30 gallons in capacity.  The con-
                   tainer, when empty, shall weigh no  more than 25 pounds and
                   when full, no more than 75 pounds.   Container shall be
                   strong, have handles at side, have  tight fitting lid, be
                   kept clean and continuously closed except when refuse is
                   being dumped into or removed  there  from.   (Section 4.035)

              (4)  Containers shall not be overloaded to point where covers
                   can not be placed in container or to point where one man can-
                   not lift up the container.  (Section 8.01)

              (5)  The customer must place refuse in containers and keep the
                   area around the container in  a neat and sanitary condition.
                   (Section 8.02)
                                         218

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(6)  Special pick up materials shall be placed by customer at
     the container or as near thereto as possible.  (Section
     8.04)

(7)  Kitchen refuse must be drained of all moisture and com-
     pletely wrapped in paper prior to being placed on a con-
     tainer.  Ashes and soot must also be drained.  (Section
     8.07)

(8)  Customers must keep containers clean.  (Section 8.08)

(9)  Customers must provide and replace refuse containers.
     (Section 8.10)

(10) Collection shall be at least once a week. (Sections 4.035
     & 4.045)

(11) All vehicles used in collection must be so constructed
     as to prevent the content from falling or spilling there-
     from.  (Section 4.050)

(12) All vehicles used in collection must be painted a uniform
     color, with name of collector and number of truck clearly
     printed on each side of the vehicle.  The vehicles shall
     be kept neat and clean at all times. (Section 5.02)

(13) Employees of the Collector shall be courteous, clean, quiet and
     careful at all times, shall be clearly idenfiable by means
     of uniform or a badge, shall return receptacles to location
     from which they were taken and replace the covers, and
     shall not unnecessarily trespass on private property.  The
     employees shall not be required to expose themselves to
     animals.  (Sections 6.01 and 6.04)

(14) The Collector must keep daily reports of all refuse col-
     lected and publish fee and collection schedules.   (Section
     7.01)

Disposal

(1)  Delivery of refuse to disposal area shall be made on same
     day that such refuse is collected.  (Section 4.045)

(2)  No refuse produced outside city units may be deposited in
     disposal areas except as provided in the code.  (Section
     4.055)

(3)  Disposal shall be by methods specifically approved by
     State Board of Health and in area directed to by  person in
     charge.  (Section 4.055)

(4)  Persons who produce rubbish may transport it themselves to
     the disposal area and deposit after payment of the neces-
     sary fees.  (Section 4.065)
                         219

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2,  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to place explosive or inflammable materials
        in containers.  (Section 8.03)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to fill containers with dishwater or other
        liquid or semi-liquid kitchen wastes which are properly dis-
        passable down the sanitary drains.   (Section 8.06)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to use community refuse containers except
        at apartment houses and at other buildings where garbage dis-
        posals are provided as part of lease or rent price.   (Section
        8.09)

    d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to keep or deposit refuse
        on any private grounds or disposal  and except as specified in
        this code.  (Section 4.040)

    e.  It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit or bury rubbish
        or garbage except at the disposal area.  (Section 4.125)

    f.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage or rubbish except at the
        disposal site.  An exception is paper boxes, and garden trash
        which may be burned on private property in furnaces  or another
        manner, if a special permit is received from Fire Department.
        (Section 4.125)

    g.  It shall be unlawful for any person to dump or deposit any
        waste material upon property owned  by another without written
        consent of owner or legal occupant  of said property.
        (Section 4.130)

    h.  It shall be unlawful for any person to dump, place,  or deposit
        any waste material on any public street, alleyway, park or lot
        of the city without prior written consent of the Public Works
        Director,  (Section 4.135)

    i.  It shall be unlawful for any person to transport industrial
        refuse produced by such person on or through any street or
        public place without permit from Public Works Director.
        (Section 4.140)

3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

    a.  Disposal area shall be open in accordance with a posted schedule
        set by the Director of Public Works.  (Section 3.01)

    b.  The city can refuse admission to or use of disposal  area at any
        time to persons the Public Works Director may deem objection-
        able.  (Section 3.02)
                                 220

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    c.  All commercial and industrial producers or collectors of refuse
        who use disposal area must have a permit.  These are obtainable
        at disposal area.  This section does not apply to contract
        collector.  (Section 3.03)

    d.  The open face of the landfill area shall be covered regularly
        with earth and in no case shall this open face be left open
        longer than one week.  (Section 3.06)

    e=  No burning shall be permitted in the disposal area unless
        approved by the Public Works Director.  (Section 3.07)

    f.  The city shall take all precautions to control rodent and pests
        and to exterminate when necessary.  (Section 3.08)

    g.  The city may refuse to permit the deposit of certain undesirable
        materials such as refrigerators, car bodies, bathtubs and other
        such materials.  (Section 3.09)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

    a.  The city may contract for collection and disposal of refuse.
        The contract shall be exclusive and for a period not to exceed
        five years, with extensions available.  The contract shall be
        by bid.  (Sections 4.060 and 4.01)

    b.  No person shall collect or transport garbage or rubbish unless
        such person is contractor, employee, or agent of the city.
        (Section 4.065)

    c.  A permit from the Director of Public Works is required to trans-
        port industrial refuse.  (Section 9.01)

    d.  No contract or any interest herein may be sold, assigned, mortaged
        or otherwise transferred without consent of the. Astoria Council.
        (Section 4.095)

2<  Inspection Procedure

    a.  The equipment of the collector may be inspected by the Director
        of Public Works at any or all reasonable times.  (Section 5.02)

    b.  The city may inspect, audit, and copy the contractor's records
        upon notice at all reasonable times.  (Section 4.085)

3»  Liability for Violators

    a.  If a health officer determines that a container violates require-
        ments and/or is detrimental to the public  health  and welfare,  the
        officer may confiscate and destroy the container.  (Section
        4.035)
                                 221

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    b.  Any contract may be terminated by the city upon 60 days written
        notice if contractor fails to comply with the code or rules and
        regulations.  (Section 4.090)

4.  Performance Bonds and Insurance

    a.  A surety bond of $5,000 conditioned upon compliance with code
        and rules and regulations.  (Section 5.080)

    b.  Prior to operation of collection "vehicle, the following insurance
        requirements must be met:

        (1)   $25,000 for death or injuries to any one person in any
              one accident

        (2)   $50,000 for death or injuries to 2 or more persons in any
              one accident

        (3)   $10,000 for property damage resulting from any one accident
              such policy shall cover the city, members of council and
              its officers, employees and agencies, and the collector.
                               222

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                                SALEM,  OREGON
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      '•Refuse Collection and Disposal Ordinance of the City of Salem.''
      Ordinance amending Chapter 17 of City Code June 29,  1965.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.   Ashes includes residue of the combustion of  solid fuels.

          b.   Bulk includes discarded household furniture,  bedding and  mattres-
              ses, leaves, yard trimmings,  appliances, building wastes, and
              other non-putrefactive and non-hazardous materials too large  to
              be placed into containers.

          c.   Garbage includes all classes  of putrefactive  and easily decom-
              posable animal or vegetable matter, wastes produced from  the
              handling and preparation of food, and tin cans originally used
              for foodstuffs.

          d.   Hazardous refuse includes any refuse, including explosives,
              petroleum derivitives, or highly contaminated materials,  which
              in the opinion of the Director of Public Works or the Marion
              County Health Officer would constitute a danger to collection
              personnel or to anyone who may come in contact with such  refuse.

          e.   Refuse includes any kind of solid waste material such as  ashes,
              bulk wastes, garbage, dead animals, abandoned automobiles,
              rubbish or trash.

          f.   Rubbish includes cardboard, plastic,  metal,  glass, paper, rags,
              sweepings, wood, rubber, leather and  similar  waste materials  that
              ordinarily accumulate on premises, but not including garbage,
              ashes, bulk refuse, dead animals or hazardous refuse. (Section
              17.2)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Works  (Section 17.3)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To call upon the Health Officer,  Police Chief and Fire Chief  for
              assistance in obtaining compliance with orders issued by  him.

          b.   To arbitrate or to provide for arbitration of any and all dis-
              putes arising between contract collectors  and citizens.
                                   223

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         c.   To suspend licenses  upon reasonable  notice.   (Section 17.3)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.   Collection

             (1)  Garbage shall be drained and wrapped,  then deposited in
                  approved refuse container.   (Section 17.4a)

             (2)  Ashes shall be  cool prior to depositing.   (Section 17.4b)

             (3)  All rubbish, except bulky items,  shall  be  promptly deposited
                  In approved refuse container.  (Section 17.4d)

             (4)  Bulk refuse may be placed in box  or barrel.  Newspapers and
                  magazines shall be securely tied.   (Section 17.4d)

             (5)  Containers shall be kept in convenient  place.  They shall  be
                  not easily corrodible,  have tight covers  and be equipped
                  with suitable handles.   The capacity of residential containers
                  shall be between 5 and  30 gallons.   Containers  shall be
                  kept closed except when being filled or emptied.  Containers
                  shall not weigh more than 80 pounds when  full.   (Section
                  17.5)

             (6)  Only authorized collector shall collect ashes,  bulk, garbage,
                  refuse and rubbish in city.  (Section 17.8)

             (7)  All refuse shall be collected in  metal, enclosed packer-
                  type vehicles,  kept in  good condition and  repair, and so
                  constructed that the content will not spill, seep, leak,
                  or blow from the vehicle.  Vehicles must  be kept clean and
                  sanitary.  (Section 17.11)

             (8)  Collector shall not litter premises and shall repair or
                  replace at his  expense  containers damaged  as a result of
                  his handling.  (Section 17.12)

             (9)  Garbage collections shall be made daily except Sunday from
                  businesses and  at least once weekly from residential areas.
                  Non-putrescible refuse  or rubbish shall be collected less
                  frequently, but in no case shall  non-putrescible refuse
                  be allowed to accumulate longer than fifteen days.  (Section
                  17.12)

         b*  Storage

             Containers shall be  kept or  placed at  rear of the house, or
             in unlocked passageway at ground level and accessible to the
             collectors.  Containers shall not be kept or placed upon
             street, sidewalk or  other public place.   (Section 17.6)
                                     224

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    c.  Disposal

        (1)   Sanitary Landfill

              (a)   All ashes, bulk, garbage, refuse and rubbish shall be
                    delivered to landfill furnished and maintained by col-
                    lector or at landfill where he has contract to use for
                    disposal.  Collector shall provide and use necessary
                    equipment so as to assume daily covering, adequate
                    compaction, and control of dust, litter, insects, rodents
                    and fire.

              (b)   Vertical or sloping ends of daily fills may be covered
                    with a minimum of one foot of earth.

              (c)   Collector must provide access road and shall insure
                    presence of employee site at all times.

              (d)   Public may use site upon payment of proper changes.
                    (Section 17.13)

        (2)   Onsite Disposal

              Garbage and other combustible wastes may be disposed
              within the "building where it accumulates, or within
              a closed building accessory thereto, by complete
              incineration of such garbage or wastes in such a manner
              as to create no noxious odors, fire hazard, smoke or
              other nuisance or by grinding or shredding it finely
              and disposing of it through pipes leading to a public
              sanitary sewer.  (Section 17.14)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful for owner or occupant to allow garbage or
        refuse to collect and remain upon the premises.  (Section 17.6a)

    b.  It shall be unlawful for any person vacating premises to fail to
        remove garbage, rubbish, refuse or ashes from premises or fail
        to place premises in sanitary condition 24 hours after premises
        vacated.  (Section 17.6b)

    C.  It shall be unlawful to litter or to disturb the contents or
        remove the lid of any container.   (Sections 17.7 & 17.8)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to scavenge at any sanitary landfill site.
        (Section 17.13)

    e.  It shall be unlawful for any person to burn or attempt to burn
        garbage, hazardous materials, bulk, refuse and rubbish in open
        places.   (Section 17.15)
                               225

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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Administrative Proceedings

        The Director of Public Works shall have the power to arbitrate or
        to provide for arbitration of any and all disputes arising be-
        tween contract collectors and citizens of the City of Salem,
        and upon instruction from the City Administrator to suspend the
        franchise of any franchise holder for noncompliance after reason-
        able notice of any award or decision "made in arbitration or upon
        conviction of any violation of this ordinance.  (Section 17.3)

    2.   Penalties

        Any person violating any provision shall be subject to penalties
        set forth elsewhere in this Code.  (Section 17.8)

    3.   Performance Bonds and Insurance

        a.  $ 20,000 surety bond or cash deposit.

        b.  $100,000 death or injury to one person
             300,000 death or injury to more than one person
              50,000 on each vehicle for property damage.  (Section 17.9)
                                  226

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                                MEMPHIS,  TENNESSEE
  I.   NAME OR ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance Regulating the Collection of  Garbage  and Rubbish  and
      Establishing a Sanitation Fee for the Collection thereof,  Ordinance
      No. 187, 3 June 1968.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.   Garbage includes accumulations of  both  animal and  vegetable
              matter, liquid or otherwise,  that  attend the  preparation, use,
              cooking, dealing in or storage of  meat,  fish, fowl,  fruits or
              vegetables,  tin cans or other containers originally  used for  food
              stuffs.

          b.   Rubbish includes all non-putrescible solid waste,  consisting  of
              both combustible and non-combustible waste such as paper, card-
              board, glass,  crockery, excelsior, cloth and  similar materials.
              It shall not include bulky refuse, meaning stoves, refrigerators,
              water tanks, washing machines, broken furniture or similar bulky
              materials having a weight greater  than  75  pounds and volume
              greater than 35 gallons.

          c.   Industrial waste includes all such wastes  peculiar to  industrial,
              manufacturing or processing plants.   It  includes hazardous
              refuse.

          d.   Hazardous refuse includes any chemical,  compound,  mixture, sub-
              stance or article which may constitute  a hazard to health or
              may cause damage to property  by reason  of  being explosive,
              flammable, poisonous, corrosive, unstable, irritating,  radio-
              active or otherwise harmful.   (Section  19-1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Works

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To remove and dispose of garbage,  rubbish  and industrial garbage.
              (Section 19-3)

          b.   To make rules  and regulations.  (Section 19-4)

          c.   To issue permits for the private collection of  garbage, rubbish
              or industrial  waste.  (Section 19-19)
                                  227

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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1=   Standards and Regulations

         a.  All industrial and hazardous waste shall be disposed of by those
             who generate such waste.   Such industries may apply for a special
             permit or may dispose  of  industrial waste by licensed private
             collectors.   (Section  19-5a)

         b.  All pathogenic and radioactive waste shall be disposed of by
             the hospital or institution generating such waste.   (Section
             19-5b)

         C*  Every person must keep a  sufficient number of individual (can
             type) containers.  Lids or covers of such containers shall be
             kept tightly closed at all times.  Containers provided shall
             not be larger than 25  inches in diameter and 30 inches in height
             nor smaller  than 14 inches in diameter and 16 inches in height
             (20 and 30 gallon containers).  All containers shall be made of
             galvanized or plastic  material.   (Section 19-6)

         d.  Containers shall be placed at a convenient and accessible point
             in the yard  within 5 feet of an alley.  (Section 19-7)

         e.  Garbage and  other liquid  substances shall be kept in a separate
             container and shall be drained and wrapped.  (Section 19-8)

         f.  The city may establish public dumps, sanitary landfills or other
             place of disposal.  Any vehicle presented for dumping shall be
             enclosed at  the sides  and back or equipped with a tarpaulin.
             (Section 19-9)

         g.  Leaves, grass cuttings and garden trimmings, weeds  and roots
             may be deposited adjacent to the front property lines or in
             cardboard boxes or other  containers.  (Section 19-10)

         h.  Magazines and newspapers  shall be bundled and securely tied.
             (Section 19-10)

         i.  Building debris will not  be removed by the Division of Public
             Works, and the owner must cause such materials and  waste to be
             privately moved.  (Section 19-17)

        . j.  The Director may authorize the private collection of garbage and
             rubbish except for residential units, apartment building of three
             stories or less and commercial establishments in Groups 1 and 2.
             (Section 19-18)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be  unlawful to keep garbage or rubbish so  as to become
             offensive to health.  (Section 19-21)
                                      228

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        b.  It shall be unlawful for any person to interfere with a garbage
            or rubbish container.   (Section 19-22)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to dispose of any garbage,  rubbish or other
            waste material upon any property other than a garbage dump or
            sanitary landfill.   (Section 19-23)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to litter.  (Section 19-24)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirements for Permits

        a.  Any person desiring to engage in private collection of garbage,
            rubbish or industrial  waste is required to secure a permit from
            the Collector of Licenses and Privileges.  The annual permit fee
            is $240.00.  (Section  19-19)

        b.  Any private collector  who desires to secure a permit for the
            collection from any particular location shall submit an appli-
            cation for each collection to be so collected.  (Section 19-20)

    2.   Inspection Procedure

        The Health Department is authorized to inspect any premises for
        the purpose of seeing that the requirements for this ordinance
        are being compiled with.  (Section 19-21)

    3.   Liability for Violators

        A permit may be suspended  or revoked when the permit is being
        exercised in violation  of  this ordinance.  (Section 19-19)

    4.   Administrative Proceedings

        Within ten days after the  notice of suspension or revocation is
        given, the collector may ask for a hearing before the Director.
        If no request for a hearing is made,  the suspension for the
        period listed or the revocation shall be final.   The decision of
        the Director shall be appealable to the City Council.   (Section
        19-19)

    5.   Penalties

        It is a misdemeanor to  litter or to violate any of the require-
        ments of Sections 19-21, 19-22, and 19-23 hereof.
                                     229

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                             EL PASO, TEXAS

  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chapter II, Article I, El Paso City Code, ''Garbage,  Trash and
      Weeds," January 1, 1967.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      Definitions

      a.  Garbage includes kitchen and table refuse, offal, swill and
          accumulations of animal, fruit or vegetable matter that attend
          the preparations, use, consumption, decay, selling or storing
          of food.

      b.  Waste includes solid refuse or discarded matter other than
          garbage.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Superintendent of Sanitation

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To give permission to occupant to use private hauler.   (Section
              11-6)

          b.  To accept permit applications.  (Section 11-12c)

          c.  To inspect and certify vehicles for permits.   (Section 11-12d)

          d.  To suspend and/or revoke permits.  (Section 11-13)

          e.  To approve incinerators.  (Section 11-17)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Storage

              (1)   Any person in charge of any building shall provide
                    sufficient containers to hold all garbage and waste accumu-
                    lated from one collection to the next.   (Section 11-3)

              (2)   Containers shall be plastic or galvanized with a capacity
                    of 20-32 gallons, maximum weight of  80  pounds when fully
                    watertight, have two handles,  close-fitting lid, and be
                    kept in good repair at all times.  (Section 11-3)
                                230

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    (3)   Places of business which accumulate more than 50 gallons
          of waste within 24 hours may use large cans for such waste,
          but not for garbage.  Superintendent may limit type and
          location of larger cans,  (Section 11-3)

    (4)   If city has equipment to use mechanical containers, said
          containers may be used if they have a minimum capacity of
          six cubic yards.  (Section-11-3)

    (5)   If collection route is in the alley, cans shall be placed
          in alley close to boundary or on property line if easily
          accessible.  Cans must not become an eyesore or public
          nuisance.  (Section 11-4)

    (6)   If collection route is in the street, cans shall be placed
          at an easily accessible point in the backyard.  (Section
          11-4)

    (7)   All nonmetallic containers and all metallic containers with a
          cubic capacity of 10 or more gallons shall be placed for
          collection without being broken-up and tied in bundles not
          exceeding 50 pounds in weight.  (Section 11-4)

b.  Collection

    (1)   All garbage shall be removed from residences by Department
          of Sanitation at least twice a week.  (Section 11-6)

    (2)   An occupant may obtain a license to remove his own garbage
          and waste but commercial haulers may remove residential,
          except single family residences; or duplexes, tri-plexes, or
          four-plexes waste, and garbage only with permission of
          superintendent.  (Section 11-10)

    (3)   All garbage shall be removed daily from all places where
          food is to be served to  the public and eaten on the
          premises.  (Section  11-7)

c.  Transportation

    (1)   All licensed vehicles shall be fully enclosed or covered
          with a tarpaulin so as to avoid spilling, disseminating
          odors, and attracting insects.

    (2)   All vehicles shall be closed or covered at all times except
          when loading or unloading.

    (3)   Any garbage or waste spilled shall be immediately replaced.
          (Section 11-15)

d.  Disposal
                        231

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    (1)   Sanitary Landfill

         Unloading must be  at place and in a manner designated
         by foreman or superintendent.

    (2)   Incinerators may be used only  under the following conditions:

         (a)   Destruction of waste from industrial process of
              incinerator approved by "the superintendent.

         (b)   Destruction of waste from any medical facility of any
              infected materials.  Incinerators must be approved by
              city-county health unit.

         (c)   Incinerators  built prior  to August 16, 1966  may remain
              in operation  as long as they do not become a nuisance
              or fire hazard.  These incinerators may not  be en-
              larged or rebuilt.

         (d)   No garbage, except infected garbage, shall be placed
              in an incinerator.

         (e)   All ashes shall be cooled and then placed in con-
              tainers not exceeding 20  gallons at least twice a week
              for collection,  (Section 11-15)

    (3)   Dead Animals

         Owners must remove within 12 hours after death.
         (Section 11-19.1)

Prohibited Activities

a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a vehicle not
    complying with the provisions of this Ordinance.  (Section
b.  It shall be unlawful for any person to dispose of garbage or
    water under a commercial permit except at a designated city
    sanitary landfill.  (Section 11-15b)

c.  It shall be unlawful for any person in charge of a place where
    food is to be eaten on the premises or is served to the public to
    allow garbage to remain on the premises longer than 24 hours.
    (Section 11-16a)

d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to burn any garbage or waste
    in any open fire, can, drum, barbeque pit or cooker without per-
    mission of the fire marshal and superintendent.  (Section 11-1-
    7b)

e.  It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit any waste matter
    in any public or private property without the permission of the
                              232

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            superintendent and person having control of such property.
            (Section 11-19)

        f.  It shall be unlawful for any person to place for removal any
            mattress or bedding recently used by a person having an infectious
            disease.  (Section 11-18)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirements for Permits

        a.  No person other than city employees shall collect, remove or
            dispose of garbage or waste without a private hauler's permit
            or a commercial hauler's permit.

        b.  Application shall be made to superintendent.

        C.  Permits shall be valid from March 1 - February 28 (29).
            (Section 11, 11-12)

    2.   Inspection

        a.  Vehicles must be certified by superintendent prior to receipt of
            permit.  (Section 11-12c)

        b.  Vehicles are subject to inspection at anytime.  (Section 11-15d)

    3,   Administrative Proceedings

        After five days' notice and an opportunity to be heard,  any permit
        may be suspended or revoked at any time by the superintendent for
        violation  of any provision of this Ordinance or failure to carry out law-
        ful agreement for the removal of garbage or waste, the permittee may
        appeal to  the city council.  (Section 11-13)

    4.   Penalties

        a.  Violation of any provision of this article shall be  a misdemeanor
            and punishable as such.  Each day of violation is a separate
            offense.

        b.  Knowingly making a false statement regarding fees is a mis-
            demeanor.  (Section 11-20)

    5.   Insurance

        a.  $10,000 - death or injury to one person in one accident.

        b.  $20,000 - death or injury to more than one person -  one
            accident.

        c.  $ 5,000 - property damage.  (Section 11-12d)
                                233

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                             LOGAN CITY,  UTAH


  I.   NAME  OF ORDINANCE

      Title 9 Refuse, Waste  and Rodents,  15 July  1969.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

         a.   Premises includes land, buildings,  or  other structures, vehicles,
              or parts thereof, upon or in which  refuse is stored.   (9-1-1)

         b.   Refuse includes all  solid wastes of a  community,  including
              garbage, ashes, rubbish, dead animals,  street  cleanings,  and
              solid market,  and industrial wastes, but not including body
              wastes.   (9-1-1)

         c.   Gallons refers to the capacity  in gallons of a refuse  or  garbage
              container,  it  being  contemplated that  an ordinary refuse  container
              shall be a  capacity  of approximately 20 gallons.   (9-1-1)

         d.   Garbage includes putrescible animal and vegetable wastes  result-
              ing  from the handling, preparation,  cooking and/or consumption
              of foods.   (9-1-8)

         e.   Ashes includes residue from the burning of wood,  coal, coke,
              or other combustible materials.  (9-1-8)

         f.   Rubbish includes nonputrescible solid  wastes,  excluding ashes,
              consisting  of  paper, cardboard, tin cans, yard clippings, wood,
              glass, bedding, crockery, metals, and  similar  materials.
              (9-1-8)

         g.   Dead animals includes small, dead animals not  exceeding seventy-
              five pounds each in  weight, which die  in the normal course of
              community activity excluding condemned animals, animals from a
              slaughterhouse or other animals normally considered industrial
              refuse.   (9-1-8)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.- Responsible Agency

         Chief Sanitarian or the  legally designated authority of the City
         of Logan.   (9-1-1:5)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To control  the storage,  collection, and disposal of refuse.

         b.  To provide  a public  refuse  collection  and  refuse disposal service.
                                  234

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         c.   To approve and regulate the establishment,  maintenance,  and
             operation of private refuse collection systems  and refuse  -
             disposal methods and sites.  (9-1-2)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1 .   Standards and Regulations

         a.   The following refuse shall be acceptable for collection:   garbage;
             ashes; rubbish; and dead animals.   (9-1-8)

         b.   Garbage shall be drained and wrapped.   (9-1 -10a)

         C.   Bulky rubbish such as trees, weeds,  and large cardboard  boxes,
             may be bundled so as not to exceed A  feet in length nor  fifty
             pounds in weight.  (9-1-10b)

         d.   All other refuse shall be stored in  durable, metal, watertight
             and easily washable containers which  have close-fitting  lids  and
             adequate handles to facilitate collection or in two-ply  50 pound
             waterproof bag.  Such containers shall be of not  less than 10
             gallons nor more than 30 gallons in  capacity for  households,  nor
             more than 30 gallons in capacity for  business.   (9-1-10e)

         e.   All household refuse shall be collected at  least  once per  week.
         f.   All institutional,  business and industrial refuse shall be
             collected at least  once per week.   (9-1-12b)

         g.   All household refuse shall be  placed  on the curb.  (9-1-13)

         h.   All disposal of refuse shall be by  a  method or methods  in
             accordance with requirements of state and local law.   (9-1-14a)

         i.   Animal offal and carcasses of  dead  animals shall be buried  or
             cremated.  (9-1-1 Ac)

         j.   All collection vehicles shall  have  enclosed bodies or suitable
             provision for covering the body.  They shall have watertight
             metal bodies of easily cleanable  construction.  (9-1-15)

         Prohibited Activities

         a.   It shall be unlawful to place  or  deposit any refuse on  any
             premises, except as designated by the terms of this chapter.
             (9-1-5a)

         b«   It shall be unlawful to feed any  garbage to hogs, unless such
             garbage has been heat-treated  to  kill any disease agents
             therein.  (9-1 -1Ab)
                                235

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        c.  It shall be unlawful for any person, except the City of Logan and
            those persons possessing an unrevoked permit, to regularly haul
            or transport refuse.  (9-1-14d)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to throw any refuse upon any highway.
        e.  It shall be unlawful to burn papers, boxes,  dry rubbish or simi-
            lar materials unless burned in an incinerator.   No open burning
            permitted where refuse collection service is available.
            (9-1-Uf)

V .   ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  It shall be unlawful to engage in refuse collection or refuse
            disposal without an unrevoked permit.  (9-1-4a)

        b.  A permit issued under this chapter shall expire on the 1st day
            of July in each year.  Permits shall be renewable annually.
            (9-1 -Ad)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        The responsible authority shall have the power to enter at
        reasonable times upon private or public property for the purpose
        of inspecting and investigating conditions and where necessary
        shall obtain a search warrant from a court having jurisdiction.
        (9-1-7)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        The responsible authority may suspend or revoke a permit if an
        order is issued and corrective action has not been taken within
        the time specified in the notice.  (9-1 -6c)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Any person whose application for a permit has been denied may
            request a hearing.   (9-1-4c)

        b.  Whenever it is determined that there has been a violation of
            any provision of this chapter, the responsible authority shall
            give notice of such alleged violation t>  the responsible person.
            Any person affected by such notice may request a hearing which
            shall be commenced not later than 10 days after the day on which
            the petition was filed.   (9-1 -6a & b)

        c.  After such hearing, the responsible authority shall sustain,
            modify, or withdraw the notice.  (9-1-6c)
                               236

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    d.  In case of emergency, the responsible authority may without
        notice or hearing issue a written order requiring corrective
        action.  If such corrective action is not taken, he may take
        appropriate action.  (9-1-6h)

5.  Penalties

    Any person who violates any provision of this chapter shall be
    punished by a fine of not more than §50 or by imprisonment for
    not more than 30 days.  (9-1-16)
                            237

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                            OTHELLO,  WASHINGTON
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
      Garbage and Refuse  Collection  and  Disposal,  Chapter  5.08,  February
      15,  1967.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of  Policy

          The maintenance of health  and  sanitation require,  and  it  is  the
          intention hereof to make the collection,  removal and disposal of
          garbage and refuse within  the  city  compulsory  and  universal.
          (Section 4.08.010)

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Refuse includes garbage, rubbish,  ashes, swill and all other
              putrescible and nonputrescible  wastes except sewage,  from all
              public and  private  establishments  and residences.

          b.   Garbage includes all putrescible wastes and  including vegetable
              wastes, animal offal,  and  carcasses  of dead  animals,  but not in-
              cluding recognized  industrial by-products, and shall  include all
              such substances from all public and  private  establishments and
              residences.

          c.   Rubbish includes all nonputrescible  wastes,  except ashes, from all
              public and  private  establishments  and residences.

          d.   Swill includes every refuse  accumulation of  animal,  fruit, or
              vegetable matter liquid or otherwise, that attends the prepara-
              tion, use,  cooking, dealing  in  or  storing  of meat, fish, fowl,
              fruit and vegetables,  except coffee  grounds.

          e.   Ashes includes the  solid waste  products of coal, wood and other
              fuel used for heating  and  cooking, from all  public and private
              establishments and  from all  residences.   (Section  5.08.020)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          City Sanitary Service   (Section  5.08.030)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To charge and control  all  work  contemplated  for in this  ordinance
              and in future rules and regulations.
                                    238

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         b.   To require separation of component parts  of refuse and require
             the deposit thereof in separate  cans  or receptacles.   (Section
             5.08.190)

         c.   To determine rules, regulations,  rates, responsibilities,  salaries,
             and other necessary manners.   (Section 5.08.260)

         d.   To buy or lease equipment for remgval and disposal of refuse and
             purchase or leave a suitable  location for a city  dump.
             (Section 5.08.270 and 280)

         e.   To determine all rules and  regulations in connection  with  opera-
             tion of city dump.  (Section  5.08.330)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1«   Standards of Regulations

         a.   It is duty of every person  in charge  of any building  where refuse
             is created or accumulated to  keep portable cans of approved
             size, type and construction and  put refuse therein.  Cans  shall
             be strong, watertight, and  not easily corrodible, rodent proof,
             insect proof, between 20-33 gallons capacity and  have handles and
             a tight fitting lid.  After refuse placed in can, lid shall be
             promptly replaced.  Cans shall be kept clean and  stored in area
             easily accessible to the collector and within maximum of 10 feet
             to closest alley or means of  access.   (Section 5.08.050)

         b.   All cans stored outside shall be  placed upon garbage  can rack with
             bottom not less than 10 inches off ground level and so placed as
             to be easily reached and removed  by collector.   Rack  must  be
             sturdy and not able to be dislogged by animals or wind. If no
             alley access available, rack  must not be able to  be seen from
             street and owner must take  cans  from rack and bring them to
             collection point on day of  collection (Section 5.08.070).   The
             maximum weight of can when  filled may not exceed  80 pounds.
             (Section 5.08.400)

         c.   All incinerator ashes shall be placed in garbage  cans.  (Section
             5.08.360)

         d.   Residential collection shall  be  at least once a week  and for
             commercial areas and apartment houses, it shall be as required
             by Superintendent.  (Section  5.08.200)

         e.   All charges for garbage collection service are mandatory and
             universally compulsory for  all.   (Section 5.08.360)

         f.   All owners shall immediately  clean up any litter  or debris on
             any street or alley abutting  their premises.  (Section 5,08.100)

         g.   All waste  paper, boxes, rubbish,  debris,  bush, leaves, grass,
             wood and tree cuttings may  be burned  on private property in
                                      239

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            approved incinerators.   Such  materials  may  also be  hauled by
            individuals  to the city  dump.   (Section 5.08.180)

        h.   Contractor shall maintain dump  in sanitary  manner.   (Section
            5.08.220)

        i.   All garbage  shall be disposed of promptly.   (Section 5.08.250)

        j.   All garbage  refuse and other  waste materials  shall  be deposited
            at city dump.   (Section  5.08.290)

        k.   Dumping at city dump shall be under direct  supervision of garbage
            collector of city who shall be  under supervision of Superinten-
            dent of City Sanitary Service.   (Section 5.08.300)

        1.   All garbage, refuse, and waste  materials of the city shall be
            hauled to city dump and  there disposed  by mehtods approved by
            State Department of Health provided such methods include the
            maximum rodent, insect and nuisance control.   (Section 5.08.
            310)

    2.   Prohibited Activities

        a.   It shall be  unlawful for any  person to  bury,  burn,  dump, collect,
            remove or in any manner  dispose of garbage  or swill upon any
            street, alley  or public  place or private property within the city
            except as provided in this ordinance.   (Section 5.08.180)

        b.   It shall be  unlawful to  dump  or dispose of  garbage, refuse, or
            other waste  materials at any  place except the city  dump.
            (Section 5.08.290)

        c.   It shall be  unlawful for any  person, firm,  partnership, associa-
            tion, institution, or corporation other than  collector of refuse
            to dump at city dump without  payment of regular fees and charges.
            (Section 5.08.320)

V.   ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirements for Permits, Etc.

        The city shall advertise for contract for exclusive right to
        collect, remove  and dispose  of all  refuse.   Such  contract shall
        be  let at least  every five years.   The City Council may refuse
        any or all bids  and shall award contract to person who  submits
        lowest bid and is  best qualified  and equipped.   (Section 5.08.210)

    2,   Liability for Violators

        a.   If any owner or occupant fails  to provide rack for  garbage cans
            or permits contents of can to be spilled without immediately
            cleaning up, city shall  build rack and/or clean up  material and
                                    240

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        charge all labor and material cost to occupant.   (Section 5.08.080
        and 5.08.110)

    b.  If any owner or occupant of premises fails to clean up litter or
        debris in the street, alley, or public way abutting their pro-
        perty, the city shall cause the area to be cleaned and the owner
        or occupant shall be charged with the costs.  (Section 5.08.100
        and 5.08.110)

3.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Any person who receives a notice of a nuisance under this chapter
        may, by request in writing filed with the City Clerk, ask for a
        hearing before the next regular meeting of the City Council on
        the matter complained of, and after the request is filed with the
        City Clerk, the City Supervisor shall suspend all abatement pro-
        ceedings pending disposition of the hearing.  If the person is
        aggrieved by the ruling of the City Council or other competent
        tribunal rules that a nuisance does exist or is or has been
        committed, the city supervisor shall proceed with the abatement
        as herein set forth.  (Section 5.08.150)

    b.  The City Council, in its discretion, shall by resolution direct
        the City Supervisor to abate the nuisance.  Except for a con-
        dition affecting the immediate health or safety of any person or
        persons, notice shall be given in writing to the property owner
        and offender, occupant or other person concerned or affected
        hereby, by personal service or certified mail, and if notice
        cannot be so given, then by posting notice on the affected or
        offending premises.  Such notice shall describe briefly the nature
        of the nuisance, and state that if the nuisance is not abated
        within ten days from the date thereof, the city will abate the
        nuisance, and any reasonable expense for necessary labor and/or
        material, shall be charged against the offending person or
        occupant, and property owner.  (Section 5.08.140)

    c.  If anyone is committing or has committed a nuisance the City
        Inspector may cause a courtesy reminder to be made to the
        offender, and if the nuisance continues, the City Supervisor
        shall make a written report of the nuisance, act, omission, or
        condition to the City Council.  (Section 5.08.130)

    d.  If in the event the contractor shall at any time during the term
        of his contract fail to remove garbage or refuse, properly
        maintain the sanitary fill, or violate any other terms of his
        contract, the city may give the contractor thirty days notice in
        writing of the matters wherein the contractor is in default.  Ii.
        the event the contractor fails to correct the matter, the con-
        tractor shall be in default at the expiration of the thirty day
        period, and the contract may be terminated at the option of the
        city.  (Section 5.08.230)

4.  Penalties
                               241

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    a.  If anyone deposits  or permits depositing of any waste material
        or litter on  any  street,  alley,  public way, public or private
        property, such  person commits a  nuisance and is guilty of a
        misdeameanor.   (Section 5.08.090)

    b.  Penalty depends on  which  provision of ordinance is violated.

        (1)   For violation of sections  5.08.060 - 5.08.150, penalty  is
              a $300  fine or 30 days in  jail.  (Section 5.08.160)

        (2)   For violation of all other sections, penalty is fine not to
              exceed  $100,  imprisonment  not to exceed 30 days or both.
              (Section  5.08.350)

5.   Performance Bonds

    A surety bond equal to  principal amount of one year's contract
    price must be furnished by each successful contract bidder.
    (Section 5.08.210)
                            242

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                            GREEN BAY,  WISCONSIN


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Garbage and Refuse Collection,  Chapter  8, recodified  in  1964.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Residential garbage includes  the waste  of  animal,  fruit  and
              vegetable matter which  results  from the  preparation  of food  in
              residential houses  and  kitchens.

          b.   Commercial garbage  includes waste of animal,  fruit and vegetable
              matter which results from the preparation  of  food  ir hotels,
              clubs, restaurants, ana other buildings, or which  results  from
              the handling of food material at markets,  commission houses,
              butcher shops, and  similar establishments, including in  both
              cases natural content of  moisture.

          c.   Combustible refuse  includes discarded,  relatively  dry, mis-
              cellaneous materials, comprising chiefly of wood,  paper, rags,
              excelsior, straw,  leather, rubber,  boxes,  sweepings  from
              buildings and similar discarded articles of combustible  nature.

          d.   Non-combustible refuse  includes discarded  refuse incapable of
              incineration such  as large tin  cans, oil cans, glassware,
              ground, sod, stone, pottery-ware, metallic-ware, batters and
              heavily sanded roofing  paper.

          e.   Construction debris includes  all waste  resulting from the  con-
              struction and reconstruction  of any building, roadway, sidewalk,
              sewer, or lawn and  any  waste  resulting  from removal  or trimming
              of trees and shrubs by  private  firms.

          f.   Industrial wastes  includes all  refuse and  nonusable  by-products
              of any manufacturing process  such as foundry  wastes, pulpwood
              bark, commercial food processing wastes, hatchery  wastes,  and
              any type of combustible or non-combustible material produced in
              large quantities by any factory or  business establishment.
              (Section 9.01)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1«   Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Works  (Section  8.02

      2.   Functions and Powers
                                     243

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                     a.   To make  regulations  regarding  collection  and  disposal  of  all
   !.      t               solid wastes,  operation  dump and  incinerator,  and collection
   ';                     schedules.   (Section 8.02)

                     be   To give  permission for operation  and  supervise private dumps.
   ;     '.                 (Section 8.09:2)

                     c.   To make  regulations  governing  operation of  incinerators (Section
                         8.12:2)  and  municipal dumps.   (Section 8.13:1)

 •   •    ,    IV,   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

..  . £             1 .   Standards and Regulations

   >    '             a.   Collection
}

                         (1)   All normal accumulation of garbage and combustible and non-
                              combustible  refuse  collected by  the  city  without  a fee.  But
• ,  ,                          industrial waste must  be  disposed of by  oxmer.
   i
 ,. |   '                  (2)   Commercial garbage  collected by  city will have  fee fixed
'•• f, •?                          by  the  Council.

                         (3)   Metal containers with  tight  fitting  covers for  transporta-
                              tion of garbage if  covered or enclosed vehicle  or conveyor
          ;                    not used.  (Section 8,03)

                     b.   Preparation  of Garbage

                         (1)   Garbage and  combustible refuse must  be kept separate.
                              Mixed combustible and  non-combustible  wastes will not  be
                              collected and owner is responsible for proper separation.

                         (2)   Residential  garbage must  be  drained  and  wrapped prior  to
                              placing in container.

                         (3)   Commercial garbage  must be drained prior  to placing  in
                              garbage.

                         (4)   Each owner shall provide  sufficient  garbage and refuse
                              containers.   They shall be of metal, watertight,  strong
                              handles,  tight  fitting cover and not to  exceed  21 gallons
                              in  capacity.  When  full they must not  weigh more  than  75
                              pounds.   They must  be  kept clean, sanitary, and in good
                              repair.   Tied plastic  bags may also  be used.  (Section 8.04)

                     c.   Preparation  of Combustible  Refuse
               rt
                         (1)   Branches, limbs, etc.  must be cut in lengths of not  more
                              than 4  feet.

                         (2)   Paper and paper cartons must be  securely  and compactly tied
                              in  bundles of less  than two  feet maximum dimension.

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        (3)   Bulky materials such as wooden boxes, etc. must be broken up
              so they can easily be handled by one collector.

        (4)   Miscellaneous refuse shall be put in container of suitable
              size or handling.   (Section 8.05)

    d.  Preparation of Non-combustible Refuse

        No molding material shall be placed in any collection.  All
        refuse must be in containers and -collectors will not pick
        up refuse on ground.   (Section 8.06)

    e.  Garbage containers may be picked up from rear of residence but
        refuse containers must be placed in front of property.  (Section
        8.07)

    fc  All garbage and combustible refuse shall be disposed of at
        municipal incinerator unless permission to do otherwise granted.
        (Section 8.08)

    g.  All non-combustible refuse shall be disposed of at city dump.
        (Section 8.09)

    h.  Owner must dispose of animal offal, manure and the like.
        (Section 8.15:2)

    i.  All construction debris shall be disposed of by owner, builder,
        or contractor at a municipal dump.  (Section 8.10)

    j.  Any infectious material must be disposed of under supervision
        of Health Commission.  (Section 8.15:3)

    k«  Industrial waste which constitutes  a  nuisance shall be disposed
        of at an incinerator or municipal dump.  (Section 8.11)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  Disposal of Garbage and Combustible Refuse

        (1)   It shall be unlawful for any person to burn any garbage,
              refuse or rubbish outside at any time.

        (2)   It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit or place any
              garbage or combustible refuse on any street, alley, public
              or private place or any body of water.

        (3)   It shall be unlawful for any person to remove any waste from
              containers or private premires without consent of occupan*..
              (Section 8.08)

    bo  Disposal of Non-combustible Refuse

        (1)   It shall be unlawful for any person to make a private dump
              without special permission and under supervision of Director
              of Public Works.
                             245

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            (2)  It shall be unlawful to deposit or place any non-combustible
                 refuse upon any street, alley, public private place or any
                 body of water except in a container.  (Section 8.09)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to deposit garbage or refuse at hours other
            than those stipulated.  (Section 8.12:2)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to sort refuse at incinerator or landfill
            site for personal gain.  (Section 8.12:3)

        e.  Regulations Governing Municipal Dump

            (1)  It shall be unlawful to deposit at a dump any material
                 that can be incinerated at an incinerator.

            (2)  It shall be unlawful to deposit refuse except on days and
                 hours fixed by Director of Public Works.

            (3)  It shall be unlawful for any private person to start any
                 fire or deposit any burning material at a dump.  (Section
                 8.13)

        f.  It shall be unlawful to deposit any explosive material at any
            dump or incinerator.  (Section 8.15:4)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

        All private collectors must obtain a permit from the City
        Council.  Such permit requires that the applicant meet the
        requirements of sanitary regulations pertaining to nuisances and
        be approved by Health Officer.   (Section 8.03:3)

    2.  Inspection Procedures

    3.  Liability for Violators

        a.  If a dump is ordered closed and land is not graded, leveled and
            covered after sufficient notice, the Director of Public Works
            shall do so and charge expenses to owner.  (Section 8.09:2)

        b.  The Director of Public Works may refuse collection service for
            noncompliance with these records.  (Section 8.16)

        c.  Any person whose service is withdrawn and allows garbage and
            refuse to accumulate on his premises may be prosecuted.
            (Section 8.16)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        If in the event the contractor shall at any time during the term
        of his contract fail to remove garbage or refuse, properly
                                    246

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    maintain the sanitary fill, or violate any other terms of his
    contract, the city may give the contractor thirty days notice in
    writing of the matters wherein the contractor is in default.  In
    the event the contractor fails to correct the matter, the con-
    tractor shall be in default at the expiration of the thirty day
    period, and the contract may be terminated at the option of the
    city.  (Section 5.08.230)

5.  Penalties

    A  fine of between $1 and $100 plus costs or in default of payment
    thereof, shall be imprisonment until paid, not to exceed 90 days.
    Each day of violation shall constitute a separate offense.(Section
    8.17)
                             247

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                         LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA

 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     An Ordinance Regulating  and Licensing  Business  and other Activities;
     Chapter 9, Waste Collection and  Transportation,  Ordinance No.  5860,
     1952, as amended by Ordinance  No.  6104.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Declaration of Policy

         This Ordinance has  for its purpose sanitation  and  the preserva-
         tion of the public health.

     2.  Definitions

         a.  Combustible rubbish includes all discarded combustible material
             including, but not limited to, papers,  rags, household bedding,
             excelsior or other packing materials,  cartons,  boxes,  and  con-
             tainers of wood  or fibre,  sawdust,  shavings, lumber  scraps, wood,
             or wooden articles, trees, plants,  vines and the prunings  there-
             of.  (Section 25.5)

         b«  Garbage includes all discarded food,  animal offal, or  fruit and
             vegetable waste  resulting  from the  preparation of food, or any
             manufactured product thereof from,  but  not limited to, private
             dwellings, flats,  canneries, kitchens,  boarding houses, apart-
             ment houses, hotels, restuarants, or  other place or  institution,
             public or private, where garbage is produced,  or the waste or
             cleanings from chickens  or other fowl,  rabbits or other animals,
             fish or other sea food,  that shall  have been prepared  for, or
             intended to be  used as food.   Exceptions:   Market refuse or the
             hides, fat, or bones of  four-fotted animals, or grease, meat
             scraps, or other similar materials  being transported to a
             rendering plant  for processing.-  (Section  26.2)

         e.  Market refuse includes waste vegetables or fruit, or the cuttings,
             trimmings, residue, or scraps  therefrom that have resulted from
             the preparation  of vegetables  or fruit  in  markets or packing
             houses for public sale in markets and shall not include meat
             scraps, bones,  or other  garbage.  (Section 26.8)

       •  d«  Noncombustible rubbish includes all discarded  material not in-
             cluded within the term''Combustible Rubbish''  including but not
             limited to, bottles, broken glass,  crockery, earthenware,  tin
             cans, tineware,  wire and other  articles of discarded  metal,
             automobile tires and tubes, batteries,  keys, barrels,  and metal
             casks, brick, concrete,  and plaster left from  the construction
             of new buildings or from the repair or alterations of  old
             buildings.  (Section 26.9)
                                    248

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          e.  Rubbish includes combustible and noncombustible rubbish and
              includes all material usually known as rubbish, also trash, debris,
              lawn cuttings, tree trimmings, or any refuse or waste matter other
              than garbage, manure, market refuse, or the hides, fat, or bones        ,
              of four-footed animals, or grease, meat scraps, or other similar        ;
              materials being transported to a rendering plant for processing.        ,'
              (Section 28.5)
                                                                                    !> *•* ,''!.>'
III.   ADMINISTRATION                          .                                      .  ' ;

      1.   Responsible Agency                                                        •  -, -
                                                                                      ?
          Health Department                                                         • •

      2.   Functions and Powers                                                        '

          a.  To issue licenses for waste collector and waste hauler and charge     '  '
              annual fees.  (Sections 1611 and 1612)                                ,  -t  ,•''.
                                                                                    *  *  '* 4'/
          b.  To approve methods for collecting and transporting garbage and        ,  >  J*  -,
              rubbish.  (Sections 1651, 1653 & 1654)                           '   '  ;  .'  ''r

          c.  To enforce the provisions of the Ordinance.  (Sections 1681 $           5  *  '•
              1700)                                                            '       /

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION                                                     •     -  ,';,   r
                                                                               •   :  *n,:-
      1.   Standards and Regulations                                            _       r  •-. ; -^

                                                                               '.   i-'f-iT's
          a.  All garbage and rubbish must be collected and transported by     ,^  > <*•*£»$?;;,$
              means of vehicles equipped with water-tight metal tanks and  .    '   '. •'iT^-f * ?  *<
              covered by a suitable water-proof tarpaulin, metal covers or          '  ,  -f  ' <
              other satisfactory and acceptable methods.  (Sections 1651,           '  '
              1651.5, 1652, 1653 & 1654)                                       ,     ,  /;. v, *
                                                                                     ' ', •  ^ •
          b.  All rubbish, garbage, and industrial waste collected or trans-        •  :
              ported upon or along any public highway must be disposed of at a        *   '-
              waste disposal facility where such waste legally can be accepted.       J
              (Section 1657)                                                        '  ;

          c.  All contracts for the collection of rubbish or garbage from      •       ;"  '  "
              residential areas must provide for the furnishing of the follow-    ,  't  >, \  '
              ing minimum standard type of service:                              •      ;'
                                                                                      i
              (1)   Garbage and rubbish must be collected not less than twice     '  •  '';.„*
                    each week.                                                       • , *.' ; 4
                                                                               •   •  ??--,v
              (2)   Combustible and noncombustible rubbish must be collected        .  "»,
                    at least once each week from containers having a capacity  •   '  ,'i    ,
                    of not less than five gallons nor more than thirty-five    •     '  ,
                    gallons.  Bundles of combustible rubbish should not exceed    ,  >  ''.'',<
                    four feet in length and not over fifty pounds each.           '    . ' *
                    (Section 1684)                                                  ',  ,x, {,  '•
                                    249

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        d.  The collector shall not collect garbage and rubbish within a
            residential area between 10:00 p.m.  and 6:00 a.m.   (Section
            1687)

        6c  Garbage and rubbish containers must be leakproof,  metal, equip-
            ped with a bail or handles and have a tight fitting cover.
            (Sections 1702 & 1704)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        It shall be unlawful for any person other than the waste col-
        lector to deface, alter, or obliterate any identification place
        on any container, bin, or other equipment.  (Section 1709)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        Every person operating trucks in the business of collecting,
        hauling, and disposing of any rubbish, garbage, or industrial
        waste must procure a license and pay an annual license fee.
        (Section 1611)

    2.  Bonds

        The Tax Collector shall not issue a Waste Collector's  license
        or a Waste Hauler's license until the applicant files  a cash
        bond or a corporate surety bond.  (Section 1618)
                                  250

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                       DUPAGE COUNTY, ILLINOIS


 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     DuPage County Solid  Waste  Disposal  Ordinance,  April 26,  1967

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         The purpose of this  Ordinance is  to eliminate  and prevent health,
         welfare and safety hazards  by establishing standards for  and
         regulating the use and operation  of solid  waste disposal  sites.

     2.   Definitions  (Section  1)

         a.  Solid waste  disposal  site includes  any site used for  the disposal
             of refuse from more than one  residential premise,  or  one or  more
             commercial,  industrial  manufacturing or municipal  operation.

         b.  Sanitary landfill  operation includes a method of disposing of
             refuse on land without  creating nuisances  or hazards  to the  public
             health or safety by confining refuse to the smallest  practical
             area, compacting it to  the  smallest practical volume  by employing
             approved power equipment, and covering with a layer of compacted
             earth, or other  suitable cover material at the conclusion of each
             day's operation.

         c.  Garbage includes animal and vegetable  waste resulting from the
             handling, processing,  storage, packaging,  preparation, sale,
             cooking and  serving of  meat,  produce and other foods.

         d.  Rubbish includes solid  waste  other  than garbage, including
             residential,  commercial, industrial, manufacturing and municipal
             waste.

         e.  Refuse includes  all waste substances,  but  not limited to the
             following:

             (1)  garbage

             (2)  combustible rubbish

             (3)  noncombustible rubbish

             (4)  street  rubbish

             (5)  ashes

             (6)  solid and semi-solid wastes resulting from  industrial
                  processes and manufacturing operations.
             Exceptions:   any un-processed earth, stone or minerals.
                                  251

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III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of the Health Department through Administrator

      2.   Functions and Powers of Administrator  (Section 3.2)

          a.   To supervise the execution of all laws,  ordinances, rules,  and
              regulations pertaining to solid waste disposal.

          be   To institute necessary proceedings to prosecute  violations  of
              this ordinance.

          c.   To issue permits, certificates, or notices.

          d.   To encourage and conduct studies, investigations  and research
              relating to various aspects of solid waste disposal.

          e.   To investigate complaints.

          f.   To formulate additional regulations.

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.   Refuse disposal  may be conducted only at a solid waste disposal
              site for which a permit is issued and only by means of a sani-
              tary landfill operation.  (Section 4.1)   All non-conforming
              operations declared illegal.  (Section 4.2)

          b.   Dumping of refuse on the site must be confined to the smallest
              practical area.   (Section 6.2)

          c«   Refuse must be spread and compacted in shallow layers of about
              two to three feet in compacted depth.  (Section  6.3)

          d.   Cover must be of such quality as to prevent fly  and rodent
              attraction and breeding, blowing litter, release of odors,  fire
              hazards, and unsightly appearance.  (Section 6.4)

          e„   Sewage solids or liquids, septic tank pumpings,  and other
              liquids or hazardous substances must not be discharged to a
              sanitary landfill unless written approval has been obtained.
              (Section 6.5)

          f.   Condicions unfavorable for the production of insects and rodents
              must be maintained by carrying out routine landfill operations
              systematically.   (Section 6.6)

          g.   All salvage operations must be conducted in a sanitary manner.
              (Section 6.7)
                                       252

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    h.  Landfill operation must not be conducted in open water.
        (Section 6.9)

2.  Prohibited Activities  (Section 6.8

    All feeding of farm or domestic animals, deposition of refuse in
    standing water, and burning, except in an incinerator, are pro-
    hibited upon the site of the sanitary landfill.

ENFORCEMENT

1,  Requirements for Permits

    a.  Unlawful to use a disposal site without securing a valid permit.
        (Section 5.1)

    b.  Plans by Registered Professional Engineer must accompany applica-
        tion.  The application must show initial and final topography,
        drainage, roads, fencing, fill and borrow areas, scales, and
        buildings.  It also must include data on subsoil and ground
        water conditions, equipment, fire protection, nature of cover
        material.  (Section 5.2)

    c.  A permit is issued to the applicant if the proposed disposal
        site meets the proper zoning and site requirements and the plan
        of operation is in accordance with the requirements of a sanitary
        landfill operation.  (Section 5.5)

2,  Inspections

    The Administrator or his representatives are authorized and
    directed to make monthly inspections of all disposal sites.
    (Section 7.1)

3.  Liability for Violators  (Section 7.3)

    If the owner, his agent and any other person managing any site
    are in violation of the provisions of this ordinance, they shall
    be liable for such violation.

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  If any provisions of this ordinance are violated, the Administra-
        tor shall serve a Notice to Appear upon the responsible person(s)
        (Section 3.4)

    b.  Administrator may seek summary abatement of immediate health or
        safety hazards.  (Section 3.5)

    c.  Any person affected by any final decision of the Administrator
        may take an appeal  to the Director within 30 days after receiving
        notice of such decision.  (Section 3.6)
                                  253

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    d.  The Director,  after the hearing,  shall affirm,  modify,  or reverse
        the decision.   (Section 3.6)

5.  Penalties

    Any person who fails to comply with the provisions  of this
    ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not less than
    $100 nor more than $500.   (Section 7.4)

6.  Performance Bonds

    Operation of a disposal site is conditioned upon the delivery
    of a performance bond issued by a surety company.   (Section 5.4)

7.  Injunctive Powers

    a.  The Administrator is  authorized to direct the  State's Attorney
        of DuPage County to initiate  legal or equitable proceedings to
        enforce compliance, including suit on any performance bond and
        including actions for injunctive  relief to compel compliance.
        (Section 7.5)

    b.  The Director may petition the Circuit Court for an injunction,
        either mandatory or prohibitive,  to enforce his decision follow-
        ing appeal of Administrator's decision.  (Section 3.7)
                              254

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                            KANE COUNTY,  ILLINOIS
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
      Sanitary Landfill Control Ordinance of Kane  County,  Illinois,
      March 12, 1968.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration  of Policy

          The purpose  of this  Ordinance is (i)   to prevent the spread of
          disease and  the contamination of air  and water resources;  (ii)
          to prevent public nuisances  and the emanation of malodors;  (iii)
          to preserve  property values;  and (iv)  to preserve and protect
          the public health, safety,  comfort, and  general  welfare.

      2.  Definitions   (Article 2)

          a.  Refuse includes  all solid wastes  such as  putrescible and non-
              putrescible, combustible  and noncombustible  substances.

          b.  Building and demolition wastes includes any  and  all refuse  or
              residue  resulting directly from building  construction,  recon-
              struction, repair, demolition, grading, excavation or  other
              incidental work  in connection with premises  or the replacement
              of building equipment  or  parts thereof.   Exceptions:   Refuse or
              residue  resulting from minor, as  a rule,  noncommercial  repairs
              to a private dwelling  made customarily by the owner or  occupant
              himself.

          c.  Sanitary Landfill includes a type  of operation in which wastes
              are deposited in or on land by plan  utilizing the principles of
              engineering to confine  the waste  to  the smallest practical  area,
              to reduce it to  the smallest practical volume, to cover it  with
              a layer  of earth at least at the  conclusion  of each day's
              operation, and to accomplish all  this without creating  nuisances
              or hazards to public health or safety.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible  Agency

          Zoning Enforcing Officer

      2.  Functions  and Powers

          a.  To inspect all waste disposal operations.   (Article 11)

          b.  To document a complaint by photographic pictures and to furnish
              a copy of such pictures to the owner and/or  operator of the
              site.  (Article  11)
                                    255

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IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1„   Standards and Regulations

         a.  All operations for the disposal of wastes in or on land must be
             registered with the county,   (Article 3)

         b.  All waste disposal site locations_must conform to applicable
             state laws and county or municipal zoning laws and ordinances.
             (Article 4)

         c.  The site must be adequately  fenced or otherwise contained to
             prevent unauthorized entrance.   (Article  5)

         d.  Dumping of waste on the site should be confined to the smallest
             practical area.  (Article 6)

         e.  No burning shall take place  on the site except in extraordinary
             cases by permission of the county,  (Article 6)

         f.  Refuse must be spread and compacted in shallow layers of two to
             three feet maximum in compacted depth.  (Article 6)

         g.  A uniformly compacted layer  of at least 6 inches of suitable
             cover material must be placed on all exposed waste by the end of
             each working day.  (Article  6)

         h.  All intermediate and final covers must be graded so as to prevent
             any erosion.  (Article 6)

         1.  Adequate precautions should  be taken to prevent the breeding of
             insects and rodents.  (Article 8)

         j.  Dead animals may be accepted provided that they are delivered at
             a convenient time for immediate burial.  (Article 9)

         k.  No salvage operations shall  be allowed unless specifically per-
             mitted in writing by the county.  (Article 10)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.  All scavenging operations, feeding of farm or domestic animals
             on the disposal site, and the depositing of refuse in standing
             water are prohibited.  (Article 7)

         b.  Liquids should not be disposed of in sanitary landfills except
             extraordinary circumstances.  (Article 9)

 V.  ENFORCEMENT

     1.   Requirements for Permits

         The disposal of hazardous and extraordinary wastes requires a
         special written permit from the  county.   (Article 9)

                                       256

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2.  Inspection

    All waste disposal operations must be subject to inspection by
    the Enforcing Officer.   (Article 11)  All intermediate and final
    covers should be inspected at least monthly for 1  year following
    their completion.  (Section 7)

3.  Administrative Proceedings

    In case of violation, the County Zoning Board of Appeals shall
    give notice to the violator and the owner of the land.  After
    a hearing, the board may terminate and rescind the approval of
    land for the operation of sanitary landfill.  (Article 11)

4.  Penalties

    Any violator is subject to a fine of not more than $200 for each
    offense, or imprisonment for a period of not more  than 6 months,
    or both.  (Article 11)

5.  Performance Bond

    The owner, or operator, should furnish to the county a performance
    bond of $5,000.  (Article 12)
                            257

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                       MADISON  COUNTY,  ILLINOIS
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Ordinance Regarding the Regulation of  Sanitary Waste  Disposal  Sites
     and Sanitary Landfills, 1967

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         To protect the general health and  to control disease throughout
         Madison County.

     2.   Definitions  (Article 2)

         a.  Solid waste disposal  sites includes any site  such as  a sanitary
             landfill or dump used for the  disposal of solid or semi-solid
             wastes from more than one premises, or from a commercial or
             industrial operation, not suitable for discharge into  water
             carriage waste disposal systems.

         b.  Sanitary landfill includes any method of disposing of  refuse on
             land without creating nuisances or hazards to the public health
             or safety by confining refuse  to the smallest practical volume
             by employing power equipment,  and covering with a layer of com-
             pacted earth or suitable cover material at the conclusion of
             each day's operation, or at such intervals as may be necessary.

         c.  Dump includes all land or parcels of land on  which non-putrescible
             refuse is accepted for deposit or permitted to be deposited
             regardless of whether a charge is made therefor.

         d.  Garbage includes all  animal and vegetable waste and all putresc-
             ible matter.

         e«  Combustible waste includes all waste substances capable of
             incineration or burning, but excluding explosives or highly
             inflammable material.

         f.  Noncombustible waste  includes  all other waste substance not
             capable of incineration or burning, such as earth fill, glass,
             metal, earthenware and the like.

         g.  Refuse includes all waste substances such as  garbage,  combustible
             and noncombustible wastes.

         h.  Garbage disposal area includes any area to which garbage, com-
             bustible wastes, noncombustible wastes, and refuse are to be
             hauled for disposal.
                                      258

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III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Sanitation Officials of Madison County and the Madison County
          Sanitation Committee

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To enforce this  ordinance.

          b.   To provide for adequate and frequent inspection of disposal sites.

          c.   To carry out and perform all administrative duties.

          d.   To hear and determine appeals.

          e.   To determine whether the issuance of the permit is required.
              (Article 3, Sec. J, 1)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.   Leakage from the landfill must  not contaminate the ground waters
              or streams in the area.  (Article 4, Sec.  B(a))

          b.   The landfill site must be adequtuately fenced.  Opening and closing
              hours and days of operation shall be clearly shown.  (Article
              4, Sec. C(a))

          c«   All-weather roads must be provided for vehicular movement.
              (Article 4, Sec. C(b))

          d.   A shelter, drinking water and toilet facilities must be provided.
              (Article 4, Sec. C(c))

          e.   All refuse disposal sites or facilities must be registered with
              the Sanitation Committee. (Article 4, Sec. D)

          f.   All refuse disposal site locations must conform to applicable
              state, county or municipal zoning laws and ordinances.  (Article
              4, Sec. G)

          g.   Mixed refuse material must be spread out so that the depth does
              not exceed a maximum depth of 2 feet prior to its compaction.
              (Article 4, Sec. J,2)

          h.   The areas must be continually policed to prevent fires  and the
              blowing of papers.   (Article 4, Sec. J, 3)

          i.   A minimum depth  of 12 inches of compacted cover must be kept on
              all inactive faces  of the landfill at all times.  (Article.4,
              Sec.  J, 4)
                                       259

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        j.  Measures should be taken to prevent soil erosion.   (Article 4,
            Sec.  J, 5)

        k.  Any salvage material must be handled in such a manner as to
            prevent rat harborage and permit proper operation  of the landfill,
            (Article 4, Sec. J, 9)

        1.  Adequate fire-fighting equipment must be available on the site
            at all times.   (Article 4, Sec.  J,  11)

        m.  The permit holder must institute adequate dust control measures
            at all times.   (Article 4, Sec.  J,  14)

        n.  Insects and rodents on the landfill site must be controlled and
            exterminated.   (Article 4, Sec.  J,  15)

        o.  Dumps may accept for deposit only noncombustible waste con-
            taining no putrescible material.  (Article 4, Sec. D, 2)

        p.  Compositing of refuse should be  done only with prior approval
            of the Sanitation Committee.  (Article 4, Sec. D)

        q.  Garbage feeding to swine should  be  done only with  prior approval.
            (Article 4, Sec. G)

        r.  Every vehicle  used in hauling garbage must be leakproof, and all
            garbage must be placed in containers.  (Article 4, Sec. B, 3)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  Burning of any material at a dump or landfill is prohibited un-
            less  a permit  has been issued.   (Article 4, Sec. J, 10)

        b.  Open  dumping is prohibited.  (Article 4, Sec. E)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Unlawful to operate a sanitary landfill or disposal site without
            a permit from the sanitation official.  (Article 4, Sec. A(A))

        fa-  Permit fee for operating sanitary landfill or disposal site is
            $300  per year.  (Article 4, Sec. A)

        Co  No person shall operate any vehicle without obtaining a permit
            by paying $5.00 fee for each year.   (Article 4, Sec. B)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        Sanitation Official and/or any member of the Sanitary  Committee
        is authorized to make such inspections  as are necessary to
                                     260

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    to determine satisfactory compliance with this ordinance.  It is
    the duty of the operator of a sanitary landfill to give the
    official or the committee free access to the property for the
    purpose of making inspections.  (Article 5)

3.  Liability for Violators

    The Sanitation Official may suspend any permit upon violation of
    the terms of this ordinance.  The Sanitation Committee may
    revoke any permits upon finding that the permittee has violated
    any of the provisions of the ordinance.  (Article 4, Sec. A)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    No permit shall be revoked except after a public hearing by the
    Sanitation Committee within a 10 day written notice to appear
    and defend.  (Article 4, Sec. A)

5.  Penalties

    Any person who fails to comply with the provisions of this
    ordinance is deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a
    fine not to exceed $200.00.  (Article 6, Sec. A)

6.  Performance Bonds

    The Sanitation Official shall issue a permit upon delivery of
    a performance bond issued by a surety company in the amount of
    $10,000.  (Article 4, Sec. A)
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                           WELLS  COUNTY,  INDIANA


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Garbage and Rubbish Ordinance No.  H.B.  -2-1966,  1966.

 .1.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          Protection of Public Health

      2.   Definitions  (Article  1)

          a.   Garbage includes rejected  food  wastes  such  as  waste  accumulation
              of animal, fruit or  vegetable matter used or intended  for food
              or that attends  the  preparation,  use,  cooking, dealing in,  or
              storing of meat, fish,  fowl,  fruit  or  vegetables.

          b.   Rubbish includes such matters as  ashes,  cans,  metalware,  broken
              glass, crockery, dirt,  sweepings, boxes,  wood, grass,  weeds,  or
              litter of any kind.

          c.   Sanitary landfill  includes any  method  of  disposing of  refuse  on
              land without creating nuisances or  hazards  to  public health or
              safety, by utilizing principles of  engineering to  confine the
              refuse to the smallest  practical  areas,  to  reduce  it to the
              smallest practical volume, and  to cover  it  with a  layer of
              suitable cover  at  the conclusion  of each  day's operation or at more
              frequent intervals as necessary.

          d.   Hazardous materials  includes  explosives,  pathological  wastes,
              radioactive materials and  chemicals.

          e*   Refuse includes  any  combination of  garbage  and rubbish.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          County Health Officer

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To issue permits to  engage in the disposal  of  garbage  or rubbish.
              (Section 201)

          be   To inspect each garbage and  rubbish disposal site.  (Section 301)

          c.   To enforce this  ordinance.  (Section 501)

          d.   To report any violations of  the provisions  of  this ordinance to
              the County Prosecuting  Attorney.   (Section  502)
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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.   Sanitary landfill operations  should  not  cause unlawful pollution.
             (Section 402)

         b.   Any materials  considered food for rodents  and insects should be
             disposed of daily in a sanitary manner.   (Section 403)

         c.   Salvaging,  if  permitted, should not  interfere with prompt sanitary
             disposal of refuse.   Scavenging should not be permitted.
             (Section 404)

         d.   Burning should be permitted only in  designated areas.  (Section
             405)

         e.   Hazardous materials  should not be disposed of in a sanitary
             landfill without a prior permission.   (Section 409)

         f.   Garbage and rubbish  should be compacted  in layers not exceeding
             a depth of 2 feet of compacted material.   (Section 413)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.   Burning of garbage or rubbish containing garbage at a sanitary
             landfill is prohibited.   (Section 405)

         b.   Forbidden to make uncooked garbage available  for animal  consumption
             at any disposal site.  (Section 407)

         c.   Infestation of rodents and insects at  a  disposal site is  pro-
             hibited.  (Section 408)

 V.   ENFORCEMENT

     1.   Requirements for Permits

         a.   Any person who wants to  engage in the  public  disposal of  garbage
             or rubbish should possess an  unrevoked permit from the Health
             Office.

         b.   The permit  is  for one year and renewable  annually.

         c.   No permit shall be valid until it has  been countersigned  by the
             Treasurer of Wells County upon payment of  $50.00 fee.

     2.   Inspection  (Article 3)

         a.   The health  officer should inspect each disposal site  at least
             once  each month.

         b.   In case  of violation, he shall make  a  second  inspection.   Any
                                      263

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        violation of the same item on such second inspection shall call
        for suspension or revocation of permit.

    c.  One copy of the health officer's inspection report should be
        delivered to the license by the health officer.   The operator of
        the public disposal site should permit access to all records and
        all parts of the grounds by said health officer.

3.  Administrative Proceedings  (Section 201)

    A permit may be temporarily suspended by the health  officer upon
    violation of this ordinance, or revoked after an opportunity for
    a hearing by the health officer upon serious or repeated violations.

4.  Liability for Violators  (Section 502)

    The County Prosecuting Attorney shall cause proceedings to be
    commenced against the person violating the provisions of this
    ordinance and to prosecute to final termination.

5.  Penalties (Section 601)

    a.  Any violator is guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a fine of
        not more than $500 for the first offense, $1,000 for the
        second offense, and $1,000 for the third and each subsequent
        offense,

    b.  Imprisonment not exceeding 90 days may be added  to a fine.
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                        JEFFERSON PARISH, LOUISIANA
I.    NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Jefferson Parish Code, Chapter 8, Garbage,  Trash and Weeds,
      February 18, 1960.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

      2.  Definitions

          a.   Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable wastes
              resulting from the handling,  preparation, cooking and
              consumption  of food.               '

          b.   Refuse • includes all  putresible and non-putrescible solid
              wastes (except body wastes),  including garbage, rubbish
              and/or trash.

          c.   Rubbish and/or trash - includes non-putrescible solid wastes
              (excluding ashes), consisting of both combustible and non-
              combustible wastes, such as paper,  cardboard, tin cans,
              yard clippings, wood,  glass,  bedding, crockery and similar
              materials.

          d.   Commercial refuse - includes  garbage and trash produced in
              operation of retail and wholesale stores, manufacturing,
              refining plants, or any other commercial businesses.  (Sec.
              8-42)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Garbage Department

      2.  Functions  and Powers

          To  direct, control and supervise  the functions of garbage and
          trash collection and disposal in  any and all matters relating
          to  these functions and, further,  to coordinate all activities
          pertaining thereto.  (Sec. 8-62)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards  and Regulations

          a.   Collection
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    (1)  All refuse must be collected, conveyed and disposed of by
         the parish.  However, no objection is made against private
         collection operations with permits.   (Sec. 8-43)

    (2)  All garbage, rubbish, cans and bottles must be drained of
         liquids before being deposited for collection.
         (Sec. 8-45:C)

    (3)  Garbage, rubbish and/or tras-h must be collected at inter-
         vals as follows:

         Garbage District No. 1 - not less than twice weekly.
         Garbage Districts Nos. 2,3,4 and 5 - not less than
         three times weekly.

    (4)  Not more than 60 gallons of garbage and/or trash or 3
         standard bundles of tree branches and shrubbery shall
         be removed from any one place at one collection.
         (Sec. 8-48:B)

b.  The fees for collection and disposal of refuse are as follows:

    Garbage District No. 1 - $.45 per month per dwelling
    unit
    Garbage District Nos. 2,3,4, and 5 - $.50 per month

c«  The charges for disposal at one parish incinerators by
    commercial contract haulers or actual producers are as follows:
    $200 per ton or fraction thereof; $5.00 per load for
    compaction vehicles of 13 to 20 ton capacity, $7.50 per load
    for compaction vehicles of over 20 ton capacity.

d.  Contractor's refuse is not acceptable for municipal
    collection.  (Sec. 8-10)

e.  Storage

    (1)  Owner and occupants of all premises must provide sufficient
         containers for storage.   (Sec. 8-2)

    (2)  Containers for garbage must be of galvanized steel or
         other approved material with handles and tight-fitting
         covers.  They must be not less than 10 gallons or more
         than 30 gallons in capacity.  The combined weight of the
         garbage and containers must not exceed 75 pounds.
         (Sec. 8-3)
                        266

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              (3)  Containers for trash must be of wood or metal or sturdy
                   construction and need not be supplied with covers.
                   (Sec. 8-13)

              (4)  Explosives of any kind should not be placed in garbage
                   cans or trash containers.  (Sec. 8-10)
                   The producers of flammable materials must place them in
                   metal containers with tight covers.  (Sec. 8-13)

              (5)  Containers must be placed by the owners at the curb before
                   4.00 a.m. on the collection day and removed from the
                   curb after collection.  (Sec. 8-47)

      2.  Prohibited Activities

          a.  It shall be unlawful to operate any vehicle in such a manner
              as to cause the spillage upon streets, sidewalks or public ways.
              (Sec. 8-11)

          b.  It shall be unlawful to deposit garbage, trash, sweeping,
              etc., on sidewalks, public or private way.  (Sec. 8-14)

          c.  It shall be unlawful to place out for collection garbage or
              trash not properly separated or stored in containers.  (Sec. 8-15:A)

          d.  It shall be unlawful to dump any garbage or trash on lots or
              any open area other than the designated dumps.  (Sec. 8-15:D)

          e.  It shall be unlawful to throw garbage, trash, sweepings, etc.,
              in the Mississippi River.  (Sec. 8-23)

          f.  It shall be unlawful to store refuse on public places and to
              accumulate refuse on any premises without authorization.
V.    ENFORCEMENT

      1.  Requirements for Permits

          All vehicles transporting commercial or household refuse must be
          provided with permits from the director of sanitation.  (Sec. 8-12)

      2.  Liability for Violators

          If the owner of the property fails to pay the amount due under local
          or special assessment ordinance within thirty days from the date of
          publication of such ordinance, the Parish Council may authorize
          an actiot. either in rem against the property or in personam
          against the owner, or both, for the collection of the total amount
          due.  (Sec. 8-88)
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3,   Penalties

    a.   Any person throwing garbage and trash  in the Mississippi
        River is  subject to a fine  of not less than $25.    nor  more
        than $100, or imprisonment  of not more than 30 days,  or
        both.  (Sec.  8-23)

    b.   Anyone who disposes of garbage, trash  or refuse into  the
        ditches and canals  is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by
        a fine of $100 or 30 days in jail, or  both.  (Sec.  8-24)

    c.   Any person permitting the growth of grass or weeds  on
        property  or public  place  is guilty of  a misdemeanor and subject
        to a fine not exceeding $100 or imprisonment not  exceeding
        30 days,  or both.  (Sec.  8-90)
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                        ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, MARYLAND


  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance on Sanitary Landfill, 1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          The intent and purpose of this Ordinance is to protect the
          public health and safety of the citizens of the County by
          setting down minimum standards for the disposal of solid
          wastes.  (Sec. 11-400)

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Refuse - includes ashes, garbage,  rubbish, junk, industrial
              waste, dead animals and all other  solid waste materials,
              including salvable waste.

          b.  Garbage - includes all organic waste,  consisting of the
              residue of animal fruit, or vegetable  matter, resulting
              from the preparation, cooking, handling or storage of
              food exclusive of human or animal  feces.

          c.  Rubbish includes all refuse other  than garbage.

          d.  Refuse disposal includes any method of final disposition
              of refuse.

          e.  Sanitary landfill includes any planned and systematic method
              of refuse disposal whereby the waste material is placed in
              the earth in layers, then  compacted and covered  with earth
              or other approved cover material at the end of each day's
              operation.

          f.  Hazardous and special waste - includes hazardous solid and
              liquid waste such as highly flammable  or caustic materials,
              explosives, pathological waste, sewage sludge or effluent,
              poisons, infectious waste  from doctors' offices  such as
              syringes, patients specimens, discarded dressings, etc.,
              and radioactive materials.  (Sec,  11-401)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsibility Agency

          County Health Officer

      2.  Functions  and Powers

          a.  To issue licenses to engage in solid waste disposal.
              (Sec.  11-408:A)
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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.  Burial of refuse on owner's property must be limited to
             agricultural areas.  (Sec.  11-404:B)

         b.  No refuse shall be deposited less than 500 feet from any
             public roadway or building.  (Sec.  11-405)

     2.  Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful to scavenge on the landfill site.
             (Sec. 11-409:B)

         b.  It shall be unlawful to burn refuse on sanitary landfills.
             (Sec. 11-410:A)

         c.  It shall be unlawful for any person to dump any solid wastes
             upon any vacant lot or any  highway or for any person to store
             any solid wastes except as  provided by law.  (Sec. 6-301)

     3.  Approved Operation of Solid Waste Facilities

         a.  The use of the landfill sites must be in accord with the County's
             zoning regulations.  (Sec.  11-406:A)

         b.  The site should not be closer then 1,000 feet to residential,
             institutional or industrial buildings.  Operation of the site
             should not hinder the natural drainage pattern of the general
             vicinity of the sites.  (Sec. 11-406:B)

         c.  The design of the proposed  sanitary landfill accompanying
             applications for a license  must include one or more topo-
             graphic maps and development plans.  (Sec. 11-407)

         d.  Access to the site must be  limited, and the gates will open only
             when an attendant or operator is on duty.  Gates will be
             locked at all other times.    (Sec. 11-409)

         e.  No refuse shall remain uncovered for more than 6 hours from
             the time of deposit.  (Sec. 11-409:E)

         f.  Water pollution must be prevented.  (Sec. 11-409:G)

         g.  Vermin and rodent life must be eliminated by carrying out
             routine landfill operations prompi-ly in a systematic manner.
             (Sec. 11-409:H)

         h.  The licensee must have suitable measures to control dust.
             (Sec. 11-409:1)
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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  Applications for licenses to operate sanitary landfill must be
            accompanied by:  (1) engineering report of proposed site
            survey; (2) design and development plans and specifications;
            and (3) license fee of $25.00.   (Sec. 11-408:A)

        b«  All licenses shall expire one year after date of issuance.
            (Sec.  11-408:C)

    2.  Inspection Procedures

        a.  The County Health Officer or his agents shall make such
            inspections of refuse disposal  facilities as may be necessary
            or proper.  (Sec. 11-402-.A)

        b.  Upon completion of a sanitary fill lift, the entire surface
            of the intermediate cover must  be inspected monthly and all
            cracked, eroded or uneven covers must be repaired.
            (Sec.  11-409:1)

        c.  An inspection of the entire  site must be made before the
            earthmoving equipment is removed from the site.   (Sec. 11-411:A)

    3.  Liability  for Violators

        In case of violation, the County Health Officer shall issue a
        written notice.  If, upon reinspection, the alleged  violations
        still exist, he shall issue a final violation notice and may order
        such license suspended.  (Sec.  11-402:B)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Any person aggrieved by any  notice or order may, within 10 days
            of service, request an informal hearing which must take place
            within 10 days of such request.  A written notice of the final
            determination must be served upon the license within 10 days
            of the informal conference.   (Sec. 11-402:C)

        b.  Any person aggrieved by a decision of the County Health Officer
            may file a notice of appeal  and a petition within 30 days
            from the date of said decision,  (Sec.  11-403)

    5. Penalties

        a.  Any person convicted of any  violation is guilty  of a misdemeanor
            and punished by a fine of $500, or by imprisonment for 90
            days or both.   Sec. 11-415)

        b.  Any person convicted of a violation of  Sec.  6-301 is guilty
            of a misdemeanor and punished by a fine not less than $50.
                                     271

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        nor more than $250.    and upon the second conviction is
        punished by a fine of not less than $100.   nor more than
        $500.    and by imprisonment for a period not exceeding 30 days
        or both.  (Sec.  6-301)

6.  Performance Bonds

    a.  Application for  licenses must be accompanied by a completion
        maintenance bond, either cash or .negotiable paper, in the
        amount of $500 per acre.  (Sec. ll-408:A-3)

    b.  The full amount  of the bond will be returned 12 months from
        completion of the fill.   (Sec. 11-411.-A-B)
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                        WASHINGTON COUNTY,  MINNESOTA
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE
     An ordinance establishing standards  for  and  regulating  the  operation  of
     refuse disposal facilities,  1969.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Declaration of Policy

         The provisions of this ordinance must  be construed  to be  the minimum
         requirements for the  promotion of public health,  safety and
         welfare.  In case of  conflict, the provision which  established  the
         higher standard for the  promotion and  protection  of the health,
         safety and welfare of the  people of  Washington  County shall prevail.
         (Sec.  6)

     2.  Definitions

         a.  Refuse - includes any  solid, liquid  or mixed  waste  substance
             not suitable for  disposal by means of a water-carriage
             sewage disposal system.

         b.  Noncombustible waste - includes  refuse which  is incapable of
             burning or being  incinerated;  it includes,  but  is not limited
             to the following; natural earth; rock, sand and gravel; paving
             fragments; concrete; brick,  earthenware, pottery and  other  clay
             products; plaster and  other  gypsum products;  glass; asbestos
             products; metal and  metal products,  except  automobile bodies.
             It excludes noxious  wastes.

         c.  Combustible waste -  includes refuse  which is  capable  of burning
             or being incinerated in whole  or part; it excludes  noxious
             wastes, and includes,  but not  limited to paper  and  paper
             products, including  tar paper  and  roofing materials;  cloth
             and clothing; wood and wood  products; brush,  shrubbery, lawn
             clippings and sod;  street sweepings;  rubber and rubber products,
             including automotive tires which have been  cut  into quarters;
             plastic and plastic  products;  leather and leather products;
             drums, cans or other containers, which have substantially
             been emptied of their  contents;  garbage, including  all animal
             and vegetable waste, except  the  waste products  of slaughter
             houses, packing plants and fowl  processing  plants.

         d.  Noxious waste - includes refuse  which requires  special or
             unusual methods of disposal.   It includes,  but  is not limited
             to:   explosive materials; highly inflammable  materials;
             radioactive materials; waste products of slaughter  houses,
             packing plants and fowl processing plants;  automotive tires,
             except those which have been cut into quarters;  and automobile
             bodies.
                                273

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          e.   Refuse  disposal  facility  -  includes  any  site  or  operation used
              for the disposal of  refuse  from two  or more premises  or  from
              any commercial or industrial  operation,  including sanitary
              landfills,  incinerators and dumps.

          f.   Sanitary landfill -  includes  refuse  disposal  facilities  which
              use a method of  disposing of  refuse  on land without  creating
              nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by  utilizing
              the principles of engineering to confine the  refuse  to the
              smallest practical area,  to reduce it to the  smallest practical
              volume, and to cover it with  a layer of  earth at the  conclusion
              of each day's operation,  or at such  more frequent intervals
              as may  be necessary.

                   (1)  Class  1 Landfill  -  includes sanitary landfills which
                        accept for disposal only noncombustible waste.

                   (2)  Class  2 Landfill  -  includes sanitary landfills which
                        accept for disposal noncombustible  waste,  combustible
                        waste  and  liquid  waste.

          g.   Incinerator - includes  any  refuse disposal facility  which uses
              a furnace or similar device to reduce the volume of  refuse by
              burning, as part of  the disposal process.

          h.   Dump -  includes  any  refuse  disposal  facility  other than  a
              sanitary landfill or incinerator, including any  parcel of land
              where refuse is  accepted  for  deposit or  permitted to  be
              deposited.   (Sec. 1)

III. ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Board of County Commissioners

      2.   Functions and Powers

          To issue permits to  haul refuse and operate  a sanitary landfill.
          (Sec. 2 - Sub.  2)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.   No refuse shall  be disposed of except at a sanitary  landfill.
              (Sec. 2:1)

          b.   Sufficient equipment in good  operating  condition must be avail-
              able at the landfill site.   (Sec. 4-1.04)

          c.   At each entrance to  the  landfill, the permittee  must erect and
              maintain a sign  stating the name of  the  facility, the schedule
              of the  hours of  operation,  and rates for the  use of  the
              facility.  (Sec. 4-1.06)
                                   274

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        d.  During the posted hours of operation, the permittee must
            accept all refuse approved for that class landfill.
            (Sec. 4-1.07)

        e.  Operation of the landfill must at all times be in accordance with
            the approved comprehensive plan of operation.  (Sec. 4-1.09)

        f.  Noncombustible waste may be deposited at any location within
            the approved location of a landfill.  (Sec. 4-2.01)

        g.  Combustible waste must be compacted in layers not greater than
            3 feet in thickness.  (Sec. 4 -2.02)

        h.  Liquid waste must be immediately mixed with combustible waste
            and/or noncombustible waste.  (Sec. 4-2,03)

        i.  Garbage, paper and other mixed loads must be covered immediately
            so as to prevent the emergence of flies or infestation by
            rodents.  (Sec. 4-2.05)

        J.  An approved sanitary drinking water supply and adequate toilet
            facilities must be provided on the premises.  (Sec. 4-3.03&4)

        k.  There must be adequate fire protection.  (Sec. 4-4.01&2)

        1.  No materials of any kind must be deposited in any natural
            drainage channel or bed of any river.  (Sec. 4-5.01)

        m.  Adequate facilities must be provided to divert flood or storm
            waters from areas around the site.  (Sec. 4-5.03)

        n.  Refuse hauling vehicles must have leak-proof bodies of easily
            cleanable construction, and completely covered with metal or
            heavy canvas.  (Sec. 2-3.03)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to salvage any material deposited at the
            site.  (Sec. 4-2.08)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to permit rodent infestation at any refuse
            disposal facility.

      .- c.  It shall be unlawful to permit burning of any kind in connec-
            tion with disposal operations.  (Sec. 4-4.03)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  No person shall operate a sanitary landfill without a current,
            valid permit issued by the County Board.   (Sec.  2:1)
                                 275

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    b.  The County Board may issue a permit for the operation of a
        landfill upon submission of a comprehensive plan of operation
        and payment of a permit fee of $100.     (Sec. 2-2.06)

    c.  The Board may issue a permit for the hauling of refuse upon
        submission of specifications of all of the vehicles to be used
        for refuse hauling and upon payment of a permit fee of $10,
        per vehicle.  (Sec. 2-3.05)

    d.  Permits shall expire one year from the date of issue.  (Sec. 2:4)

2.  Inspection

    The permittee is required to allow free access for inspection
    of the facility at all reasonable times' to the County Board
    or other governmental official.  (Sec. 4:7)

3   Liability for Violators

    / pec^i? ;i'ay be revoked by the County Board for failure of the
    permittee to comply with any provisions of this ordinance.
    (Sec.  2:4)

4.  Adminstrative Proceedings

    Before a revocation of permit shall become effective, the permitee
    is entitled to a hearing before the County Board, not less
    than 5 days after notice of such hearing.   (Sec. 2:4)

5.  Penalties

    Any person violating any provision of this ordinance is guilty
    of a misdemeanor and upon conviction is punished by a fine of
    not to exceed $100 or imprisonment for not to exceed 90 days.
    (SPC.  3)

6   Performance Bonds

    The applicant for a landfill permit must file a performance
    bond in the penal sum of $10,000.   / Sec. 2-2.03/.  The
    applicant for a hauling permit must file a performance bond of
    $3,000.00.  (Sec. 2-3.02)
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                      ST. LOUIS COUNTY, MISSOURI
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance to Regulate and Control the Disposal and Dumping of
      Garbage, Refuse and other Trash, Ordinance No.  308, 1953, as amended.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          The purpose of this Ordinance is to regulate and control the dumping
          and disposal of garbage and refuse, to the  end that the public
          health, safety and welfare will be protected and enhanced and to
          prevent and prohibit the indiscriminate and uncontrolled use of
          property for dumping purposes; to prevent and prohibit open dumping
          and to require that disposal and dumping of garbage and refuse
          be authorized and permitted only in county  licensed and approved
          county dumps and sanitary landfills.  (Sec. 28.01)

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Private dump - includes all land or parcels of  land on which
              non-putrescible refuse is accepted for  deposit  or permitted to
              be deposited regardless of whether a charge is  made therefor.

          b«  Garbage includes - all animal and vegetable waste and all
              putrescible matter.

          c.  Refuse - includes all waste substances  including garbage as
              well as noncombustible wastes.

          d.  Combustible waste - includes all waste  substances capable of
              incineration or burning, but excluding  explosive or highly
              inflammable material.

          e.  Noncombustible waste - includes all other waste substance not
              capable of incineration or burning, including ashes, glass,
              metal, earthenware and the like.

          f.  Sanitary landfill - includes types of operations in which
              refuse is deposited by plan on a specified portion of open
              land, is compacted by force applied by  mechanical equipment,
              and then is covered by a layer of earth, ashes  or suitable
              covering material to a depth of at least 2 feet.  (Sec. 28.03)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Health Commissioner

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue a license to operate a private dump or sanitary landfill.
              (Sec. 28.04)

                                       277

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         b.   To enforce the provisions  of this ordinance.   (Sec.  28.09)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.   All garbage and other  refuse shall be thoroughly compacted  by
             equipment of sufficient  weight and capacity.

         b«   Mixed refuse shall be  spread out on the working face of the
             landfill so that the depth does not exceed a maximum depth
             of 2 feet.

         c.   The area should be continually policed to prevent fire and
             blowing of papers; shall be neat and sanitary at all times;
             and shall be covered at  the end of each day's operation.

         d.   The active faces of the  landfills should be covered  with at
             least 6 inches of covered  material.  A minimum depth of 12
             inches of cover material shall be kept on all inactive faces
             of the fill.

         e.   Where the ''trench system'' of landfill is used, successive
             parallel trenches must be  at least 2 feet apart.

         f.   Blowing of paper and other materials shall be controlled from
             the landfill.

         g.   All salvaged material  must be handled and stored in  such a
             manner as to prevent rat harborage and permit proper operation
             of the landfill.

         h.   Adequate fire fighting equipment shall be available  at all  times.

         i.   There shall be no seepage  or drainage of any material from
             the fill.

         j.   There shall be an all-weather access road.

         k.   An auxiliary fill site shall be available.

         1.   Insects and rodents on the landfill site shall be controlled.

         m.   The Enforcement Officer  may grant exceptions or impose
             additional requirements.  (Sec. 28.07)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.   It shall be unlawful for any person to permit the disposing of
             any refuse in any quarry unless it is operated as a  licensed
             dump or sanitary landfill.  (Sec. 28.05)

         b.   It shall be unlawful to  dump garbage and combustible material
             on private dumps.  (Sec. 28.06)

         c.   It shall be unlawful to  burn any materials in a dump or landfill.
             (Sec. 28.07)

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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        a.  It shall be unlawful to use any premises for the dumping of any
            waste materials without securing a license.   (Sec.  28.04)

        b.  The permit shall be used upon the payment of an annual fee of
            $200.  (Sec. 28.04)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        The Health Commissioner shall provide adequate and frequent inspec-
        tions of the landfill sites and shall be authorized to  call upon
        the Planning Commission for assistance in making inspections.
        (Sec. 28.09)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        a.  Unless violation of the provisions of this ordinance is corrected
            within 24 hours after notice to the permit holder,  the County
            Council may suspend or revoke any permit.  (Sec. 28.09)

        b.  If the permit holder refuses to correct the  violation within 24
            hours, the Enforcement Officer may enter upon the premises of
            the dump or landfill and do necessary work to correct any
            violation.  The cost of correcting such conditions  shall be
            assessed against the permit holder.  (Sec. 28.09)

        c.  Any permit or license may be revoked or suspended for failure
            to pay the license fee or the cost of correcting hazardous
            conditions.  (Sec. 28.10)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  The Planning Commission and the. Health Commissioner shall hold
            a joint public hearing on the question of whether the issuance
            of a permit to the applicant is required.  (Sec. 28.04)

        b.  The County Council may suspend or revoke any permit, only after
            a public hearing to which the violator shall have been invited.
            (Sec. 28.09)

        c.  The notice of hearing shall be sent to the permit holder at
            least 10 days prior to the date of said hearing.  (Sec. 28.10)

    5.  Penalties

        Any person who violates any provisions of this Ordinance shall be
        fined not less than $25 nor more than $500.  (Sec.  28.11)

    6 *  Performance Bonds

        Permits shall be issued upon delivery to St.  Louis  County of a cash
        or corporate bond in the amount of $1,000.   (Sec.  28.04)
                                     279

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                      DOUGLAS  COUNTY,  NEBRASKA


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Sanitary Landfill Regulation,  1966.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          The purpose of this  ordinance  is  the elimination of open dumps  and
          the prevention of health,  sanitation and esthetic nuisances in  the
          future.

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Sanitary landfill - includes  types of operation in which garbage
              and  refuse or garbage  or refuse is deposited by plan on a
              specified portion of land, is compacted by force applied by
              mechanical equipment,  and  then is covered by compacted suitable
              covering material to a depth  of at least six to twelve inches
              over individual  cells  of garbage and refuse or garbage or
              refuse, which are closed at  the end of each day, and to a
              depth of at least twenty-four inches over the finished landfill.

          b.   Garbage - includes all animal and vegetable waste and all other
              putrescible matter.

          c.   Refuse - includes all  waste  substances including garbage as
              well as combustible and noncombustible wastes.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          County Health Department

      2.   Functions and Powers

          To  issue permits for the disposal of garbage and refuse.

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standard and Regulations

          a.   All  garbage and  other refuse  must be thoroughly compacted by
              equipment capable of producing a downward or ground pressure
              of at least five pounds per square inch.

          b.   The  depth of mixed refuse  material must not exceed a maximum
              depth of 2 feet  prior to its  compaction.
                                 280

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        c.  The area of the landfill must be continually policed to
            prevent fire and smoke and the blowing of papers, and must
            be covered at the end of each days' operation.

        d.  A minimim depth of 12 inches of compacted cover material
            must be kept on all inactive faces of the landfill.  The
            active faces of the landfill must be covered with at least
            6 inches of cover material.

        e.  Adequate measures should be taken to prevent erosion.

        f.  Temporary or permanent fences should be erected to te;; = onably
            control blowing of paper and other materials from the landfi U.

        g.  Access to the landfill site must be controlled.

        h.  There should be provided an all-weather access road.

        i.  Surface drainage facilities should be provided on the landfill
            site which will permit the drainage of storm water.

        j.  The permittee must take such measures as are necessary to control
            dust.

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to dump garbage and refuse.

        b«  It shall be unlawful to salvage or scavenge materials from the
            landfill.

        c.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage and refuse on the landfill
            site.

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  It shall be unlawful to use any land for the dis~>os;;l ot any
            garbage and refuse without securing a permit issued by the
            Board of Adjustment.

        b.  The application for a permit to operate a sanitary landfill
            must be filed wich the County Permits and Inspection.

        c.  The permit is granted by the Board of Adjustment only after
            the payment to the Health Department of an annual inspection
            fee of $...

    2.  Inspection Procedures

        a.  The Health Director shall provide adequate and frequent
            inspections of the sanitary landfill sites.
                                 281

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    b.   It is the duty of the  operator of a landfill to give the
        Health Director free access  to the landfill site for the
        purpose of making inspections.

3.  Liability for Violators

    a.   Unless violation is corrected within a reasonable time after
        notice is received, the Health Director shall notify the
        Board of Adjustment.  In the event the permit holder refuses
        to correct the violations within 24 hours after notice, the
        Board may direct County Surveyor to do such work as is
        necessary to correct the violation.

    b.   The Board may revoke the permit for the violation of any
        provisions of this ordinance.

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.   The permit holder should be  given an opportunity for a hearing
        before the permit is revoked for the violation of any provisions.

    b.   Whenever any permit has been revoked, the holder may file a
        written application for reinstatement with the Health Director.
        The Board of Adjustment may  reinstate the permit after a
        reinstatement fee of $25,000 is paid to the County Health
        Department.

5.  Penalties

    Any person who violates any of the provisions of this regulation
    shall, upon conviction, be fined in any sum not to exceed
    $250,000 or be sentenced to be imprisoned not to exceed 30 days
    in jail.

6.  Performance Bonds

    a.   The permit shall be granted  only after delivery of a cash or
        performance bond in the amount of $	.

    b.   Bond shall run for two years after the landfill site has been
        finished and brought to final grade.
                           282

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                        UMATILLA COUNTY, OREGON
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE
      Rules and Regulations for the Operation of Garbage and Refuse Disposal
      Sites and Issuing Permits or Prohibiting Permits and Methods, 1966

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.  Ash - includes residue from the burning of any combustible
              material or the residue from incomplete combustion.

          b<  Cell - includes any part of a sanitary landfill or a landfill
              consisting of compacted refuse which is covered with earth
              on its exposed surfaces during a designated period.

          C.  Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable wastes
              resulting from handling, preparation, cooking and consumption
              of food.

          d.  Incineration - includes all combustion processes for disposing
              of combustible wastes by burning to ash.

          e.  Landfill - includes disposal of refuse by compaction and
              covering at specific designated intervals but not necessarily
              daily,

          f.  Refuse - includes all solid wastes, including garbage,
              rubbish and ashes,

          g.  Rubbish - includes non-putrescible solid wastes, excluding
              ashes, consisting of both combustible and noncombustible
              wastes such as paper, cardboard, yard clippings, wood, glass,
              cans, bedding and similar materials.

          h.  Salvage - includes all processes of retrieving reclaimable
              materials such as paper, metal, bottles, rags, and/or other
              objects for the purpose of sale or other use.

          i.  Sanitary landfill - includes methods of disposal of refuse
              by an approved method of compaction and cover at the end of
              each day's operation with earth or other suitable materials
              to prevent public health and safety hazards and nuisances.

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          County Health Officer

      2.  Functions and Powers
                                       283

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         a.   To issue permits to operate any garbage or refuse disposal site.


IV,   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.   Refuse must be disposed of either in a sanitary landfill or in
             an incinerator approved by the State Authority, or other
             accepted methods.   (Sec.  4.20)

         b.   Liquid wastes  must be  disposed of either in a sanitary landfill,
             or by an approved method.

         c.   Sites for landfills must be located at least one-fourth mile
             from any existing dwelling, house or public highway.

         d.   No domestic water resources would be polluted at the  sites.
             All sites must be  provided with an all-weather access road
             and be maintained  so that  no nuisance is created.  (Sec. 5.30)

         e.   The owner and  operator or  his representative must be  at the
             site at all operating times.  (Sec. 6.30)

         f.   Materials which may cause  a public health problem shall not be
             placed on the  disposal site except under conditions specified
             by the Health  Officer.  (Sec. 6.40)

         g.   Adequate measures  to prevent or control fire must be  under-
             taken.  (Sec.  6.70)

         h.   Salvage must be rigidly controlled on site.  (Sec. 6.80)

         i.   The cell of refuse at  sanitary landfills must be covered with
             at least six inches of earth.  (Sec. 7.10)

         j.   The final earth cover  must be maintained 'at a depth of
             twenty-four inches after compaction.

         k.   The County Court may authorize a variance, not causing a
             nuisance, from the requirements of these rules and regulations
             in exceptional case.

     2.  Prohibited Activities

         a.   It shall be unlawful to dispose of refuse or liquid wastes in
             open dumps with or without burning.  (Sec. 4.10)

         b«   It shall be unlawful for any person to be allowed to  transport
             refuse to any  point outside of the designated area, nor shall
             any refuse be  transported outside of the area into the area
             without consent of both the operator and the County Court,
             (Sec. 6.90)
                                 284

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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Any person must procure a. written permit from the County Court
            for operation of any disposal site.  (Sec. 2.10)

        b.  Before granting a permit, the responsible agency must inspect
            the proposed site and ascertain whether the site meets the
            requirements and the proposed disposal site would cause a
            health hazard.   (Sec. 2.20)

        c.  The permit is renewable on an annual calendar year basis.
            (Sec. 2.30)

    2.  Adminstrative Proceedings

        a.  Any person seeking to obtain a variance of this ordinance must
            file a written application for a public hearing.  (Sec. 10.10)

        b.  Upon receiving the application, the Health Offices must forward
            the application to the County Court.  (Sec. 10.20)

        c.  The County Court shall hold  a public hearing to be held not less
            than 30 days after the date  of filing.   (Sec. 10.30)

        d.  Notice of a public hearing must be given by posting such
            notice in a conspicuous place and by mailing a copy of the
            notice at least 15 days before the hearing to each property
            owner.  (Sec. 10.40)

    3. Penalties

        Violation of any provision of these Rules and Regulations is
        punishable in accordance with O.R.S.  433.990 (8) and/or O.R.S.
        431.990.  (Sec. 11.10)
                                285

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                        MADERA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE
      "Refuse Disposal Ordinance"  of  Madera County,  Ordinance  No.  275,
      October 1,  1963,  as  amended  by Ordinances  No.  275-A,  No. 275-C,  No.  275-D.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          The purpose of this  ordinance is  to institute  an  orderly program for
          the collection,  transportation and  disposal  of refuse  in order  to
          promote the community  welfare, convenience,  health  and safety,
          and to  prohibit  random refuse disposal and littering along public
          highways or roads and  to establish  county  refuse  disposal sites
          and to  control refuse  disposal operations.  (Art. II)

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Disposal  area -  includes  any  site, public  or  private,  location,
              tract of  land, area, building structure  or premises used or
              intended  to  be used  for disposal of refuse or industrial wastes,
              except animal rendering plants, hog raising ranches, alcoholic
              distilleries utilizing wastes,  processing  plants utilizing
              raw materials, and salvage depots  receiving waste  paper  products
              to  be used as a raw  material  in manufacturing.

          b.   Refuse -  includes  any accumulations of animal,  vegetable or
              mineral waste matter that attends  or results  from  its preparation,
              processing,  use, cooking, or  storage including the same  or
              parts thereof.  (Art.  Ill)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Health  Department and  County  Engineer

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To  issue  permits for collecting refuse and operating disposal
              sites,  (Art. V, Sec.  1)

          b.   To  control disposal  sites.  (Art.  VIII,  Sec.  1)

          c.   To  '"ile an action in the  Superior Court  for the County requesting
              an  order to  command  the performance of the provision or
              punishment.   (Art. XI)
                                  286

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 .   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

    1.  Standards and Regulations

        a.  All refuse disposal in designated disposal sites should be by
            means of the sanitary landfill or other acceptable methods.
            (Art. VIII, Sec. 2)

        b.  Every owner should keep the premises in his control in a sanitary
            condition.  (Art. IX, Sec.  1)

        c.  All agricultural or industrial wastes should be disposed of in
            a sanitary condition.  (Art. IX, Sec. 1)

        d.  The County Engineer shall operate and maintain all county owned
            or operated disposal sites,  (Art. X, Sec. 1)

        e.  Any person permitting any refuse to be placed in a manner to
            become a health or safety hazard should remove it within 48
            hours to an approved disposal site.  (Art. IV, Sec. 5)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to collect any refuse or garbage or operate
            any private disposal site without a permit by the Health
            Department.

        b.  It shall be unlawful to place, deposit, or dump on any public
            street or place any refuse  or garbage, except in designated sites.

        c.  It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit any hazardous
            material in any approved dump site without permission.

            (Art. IV, Sec. 4)

V.   ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  No person shall collect refuse or garbage and operate any private
            disposal site without a permit by the Health Department.

        b.  The Health Department may deny, revoke or withold a permit
            in case of noncompliance with any ordinances of the County.
            (Art. V, Sec. 2).

        c.  Any person engaged in hog feeding must obtain approval from
            the Bureau of Animal Health, Division of Animal Industry,
            State Department of Agriculture before a permit will be issued.
            (Art. VI)
                                       287

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2.  Inspection

    All persons operating a transportation service or a disposal site
    must permit inspection by the Health Department at all times.
    (Art. VII)

3.  Liability for Violators

    The County Engineer may, after notice,' revoke any permit for any
    use which violates this and other ordinances.  (Art. X, Sec. 9)

4.  Penalties

    a.   It is a misdemeanor, punishable by 6 months in jail, a $500.00
        fine, or both, for any person to import across the Madera
        County line, and deposit in any county operated dump site, ref-
        use originating outside the County of Madera.  (Art. X, Sec. 4)

    b.   Any person entering upon the Ripperdan dump site and any other
        site, damaging fences or removing refuse or material from
        said dump, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by 6 months
        in jail, a $500.00 fine, or both.  (Art. X, Sec. 6)

    c.   Any person depositing refuse in dump site, without a permit,
        is guilty of a misdemeanor and punishable by 6 months in jail,
        a $500.00 fine,or both.  (Art. X, Sec. 7)

    d.   It is a misdemeanor for any county resident to permit the
        dumping of any refuse imported into the County.  (Art. X, Sec. 8)

    e.   Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance is
        guilty of a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of not more
        than $500.00 or by imprisonment for a period not exceeding 6
        months, or by both.  (Art. XI)
                                 288

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                        NAPA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance for the Regulation of Garbage and Refuse Collection,  Trans-
      portation and Disposal, Ordinance No.  213, October 20, 1960.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          It is the purpose of this Ordinance to institute within the County of
          Napa an orderly program for the collection, transportation, and
          disposal of refuse in order to promote the community welfare,
          convenience, health and safety. (Art.  II)

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Disposal area - includes any site, location, tract of land,
              area, building, structure or premises  used or intended to  be
              used for garbage, rubbish, swill or refuse disposal,  except an
              animal rendering plants, hog-raising ranches, alcohol distilleries
              utilizing waste raw material,  and salvage depots receiving only
              waste paper and as a raw material in manufacturing.

          b.  Garbage - includes refuse resulting from preparation, cooking
              and consumption of edible foodstuffs or resulting from the decay
              dealing in or storage of meat,  fish, fowl, fruit or vegetables.

          c.  Refuse - includes any solid or  semi-solid waste product other
              than domestic sewage or other human body waste, including  but
              not restricted to garbage, swill,  trash, rubbish, construction
              waste industrial and domestic  solid and semi-solid waste,  tree
              or shrub trimmings and grass clippings.

          d.  Rubbish - includes non-putrescible solid wastes consisting of
              both combustible and noncombustible wastes such as paper,
              cardboard, tin cans, yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding,
              crockery, rubbish, tires, and  similar  materials.

          e.  Swill - includes that garbage which is wholly, or nearly so
              edible and useable as food and  having  food value for  animals or
              fowl, accumulating from animal, vegetable or other matter  wasted
              from clubs, hospitals, hotels,  restaurants,  and public eating
              places. (Article III, Sec. 1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          County Health Department
                                        289

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     2.   Functions and Powers

         a.   To issue permits for collection and disposal of refuse.
             (Art. IV, Sec.  1 and Art.  VI,  Sec.  1)

         b.   To establish rules and regulations  covering the operation and
             maintenance of  disposal areas,  refuse  collection service and
             other uses. (Art.  VI, Sec.  11)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.   All refuse shall be removed at  least once a week.  (Art.  V,
             Sec. 1)

         b.   Every one shall provide suitable and sufficient water tight cans
             or receptacles  of galvanized metal  or other material approved
             by the Health Department of equal fly, rodent,  rust and  fire
             resistant qualities, with suitable  bails or handles and  with
             tightly fitting covers.  There  shall be sufficient containers
             of not greater  capacity than 35 gallons.  All such containers
             shall be kept in a sanitary condition at all times. (Art. V,
             Sec. 2)

         c.   All refuse disposal shall be by means  of sanitary landfill and
             shall be operated in accordance with the following standards:

             (1)   The garbage, rubbish, swill or refuse shall be covered
                   with not  less than 2 feet of  compacted dirt fill.   The
                   working area shall be covered with 6 inches of earth
                   at the end of the day's  operation.

             (2)   Rat and fly control measures  shall be undertaken.

             (3)   No burning shall be permitted.

             (4)   Sufficient water supply shall be available for control
                   of flies. (Art. VI, Sec.  4)

         d.   Any person responsible for the feeding of swine on garbage or
             swill shall maintain the premise in a sanitary manner, and
             shall dispose of the uneaten residue within 24 hours. (Art. VI,
             Sec. 5)

         e.   A means of covering and containing the refuse securely within
             the hauling body of every collection vehicle shall be provided.
             (Art. VI, Sec.  7)
                                   290

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        f.  All operators of refuse collection or disposal services shall
            maintain such operating records as the Health Department may
            require. (Art. VI, Sec. 10)

    2,  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to allow any refuse to
            remain on vacant lot or premises.  (Art. V, Sec. 3)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to conduct such activities as animal feeding,
            chicken raising or other commercial enterprise on the working
            area of any garbage, rubbish or refuse dump. (Art. VI, Sec.  4e)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage except in areas designated
            by the Health Department.  (Art. VI, Sec. 12)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a,  A permit is required to collect or transport any refuse.  Such
            permit shall not be transferable.  (Art. IV, Sec. 2)

        b«  The permit fee for the conduct of  a refuse collection service
            shall be $25.00 for the first vehicle, $15.00 for the second
            vehicle, $10.00 for the third vehicle, and $5.00 for each
            additional vehicle per annum. (Art. IV, Sec. 3)

        c.  A permit is required to operate a  refuse disposal area. (Art. VI,
            Sec. 1) A fee of $25.00 shall be paid at the time of filing
            application. (Art. VI, Sec. 2)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        An inspection fee of $150.00 is established for operation and in-
        spection of the refuse disposal area.  (Art. VI, Sec. 3)

    3.  Liability for Violators

        The Health Department may revoke a permit if the vehicles, area or
        other facilities for operating the refuse collection service or
        disposal area are insufficient, or incapable of being maintained to
        comply with this or other ordinance. (Art. VI, Sec. 8)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        Any dissatisfied person may appeal to  the Board of Supervisors,  who
        shall have the power to hear and determine such appeal.  Said appeal
        shall be taken by filing a notice of appeal within ten days after
        the date of decision or ruling.  No later than 30 days after receipt
        of said notice of appeal, the  Board shall set the matter for
        public hearing. (Art. VI, Sec. 9)
                                      291

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5.  Penalties

    Any person, who violates any provision of this ordinance shall be
    guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished
    by a fine of not less than $25 nor more than $500,  or by imprison-
    ment for not more than 6 months,  or by both. (Art.  VII).
                           292

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                     SACRAMENTO  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance Relating to  the  Transportation,  Collection  and Disposal of
      Refuse in the Franchise  and Non-franchise  Areas  of  the Unincorporated
      Territory of the County  of Sacramento, Ordinance No.  1002, August  19,  1968,
      as amended.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          This Ordinance is for the protection of public  health, safety  and
          welfare, and its  provisions  are  to be  liberally constructed  to
          obtain the beneficial purposes thereof.  (Sec. 34)

      2,  Definitions

          a.  Garbage - includes refuse resulting  from the preparation,  cooking
              and  consumption  of edible foodstuffs  or  resulting  from decay,
              dealing in, or storage of meat,  fish,  fowl,  fruit  or  vegetables,
              and  solid or semi-solid  putrescible waste from clubs, hospitals,
              hotels, resturants, homes and dwelling places, and from  other
              eating places, and from vegetable  handling  and food processing
              establishments of packing sheds, including  tin cans and  bottles.

          b.  Rubbish - includes non-putrescLble wastes,  such  as paper,  card-
              board, grass  clippings,  tree or  shrub  trimmings, wood, bedding,
              crockery, rubber tires,  construction  wastes and  similar  waste
              materials,

          c.  Refuse - includes both rubbish and garbage.

          d.  Sanitary fill method  - includes  processes of refuse disposal
              whereby the refuse is deposited  in a  depression  or excavation
              in the ground and then covered with  earth.  (Sec. 3)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency                                        	

          Health Department

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue temporary interim permits for the  collection of refuse.
              (Sec. 5.5)

          b.  To issue permits  for  collection  and  disposal.  (Sec. 9 and  18)
                                        293

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         c.   To suspend or revoke any permit.  (Sec.  25)

         d.   To make all necessary and reasonable rules  and regulations.
             (Sec.  26)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards  and  Regulations

         a.   The bodies of collection trucks should  have beds  of  metal  or  of
             impervious material which can be  cleaned.  (Sec.  11)

         b.   Every  occupant and owner must provide suitable and sufficient
             water  tight cans,  each capable of holding 30 gallons of refuse.
             Such cans  must be  equipped with suitable bales or handles  and
             have tightly fitted covers and must not permit the escape  of
             odors. (Sec. 15)

         c.   All refuse except  commercial refuse must be removed from the
             premises at least  once each week.  The  Health Department may
             require a  greater  or lesser number of collections consistent
             with proper sanitary requirements. (Sec. 16)

         d.   No person  shall allow any accumulation  of rubbish to remain
             for longer than two weeks if such rubbish is within 400 feet
             of any building, nor for more than 4 weeks  if beyond said
             distance.  (Sec. 17)

         e.   Refuse disposal must be by the fill and cover method or by any
             approved sanitary  or mechanical method.  Refuse disposal by
             burning should not be permitted unless  it is not  detrimental  to
             public health.  Disposal areas should be completely surrounded
             by a fence or wall.  Said fence or wall should extend above
             the ground at least 6 feet. (Sec. 22)

         f.   A licensed contractor or builder may burn combustible waste
             material resulting from construction or building at the site  of
             of such construction or building.  All  such burning should be
             subject to fire regulations and air pollution control regulations,
             (Sec.  32.5)

     2.  Prohibited Activities

         a.   It shall be unlawful to collect refuse  without a valid permit.
             (Sec.  9.5a)

         b.  It shall be unlawful to operate a refuse disposal area in the
             unincorporated area of the County of Sacramento north of the
             American River without a permit,  and to dump any refuse upon  any
             property or highway.  (Sec. 18)
                                       294

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7.   ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirement for Permits

        a.   The Health Department  may  issue  temporary  interim permits  for
            the collection of refuse.  (Sec.  5.5)

        b.   No collection permit shall be  issued  or renewed unless  the
            Sheriff has approved the application.  (Sec.  5.6)

        c.   The application for  a  permit to  collect refuse  in a non-franchise
            area shall be made in  writing  to the  Health  Department.  (Sec.  6)
        d.
        The fee for any refuse collection permit is $100 per truck per
        calendar year or portion thereof. (Sec, 8)

    e.  A person collecting dead animals, bones, meat scraps, or food
        waste, or hauling other waste material must obtain a permit.
        (Sec, 13)

    f.  Any person who operates a refuse disposal area must obtain a
        permit from the Health Department.  The fee for such permit is
        $50.00 for the two year period.  Before issuance of any permit,
        the County Planning Department determines whether or not pro-
        posed site is in a proper zone. (Sec, 19)

2.  Inspection

    All trucks used for the transportation of refuse must be inspected
    by the Health Department. (Sec. 20)

3.  Liability for Violators

    The Health Department may suspend or revoke any permit in case of
    non-compliance with the provisions of this ordinance. (Sec. 25)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    Any person who is dissatisfied with any decision or ruling of the
    Health Department may appeal to the Board of Supervisors, which
    board shall hear the matter de novo.  The majority decision of the
    full membership of such Board is required to reverse the action of
    the Department.  Said appeal must be taken by filing a Notice of
    Appeal within  10 days of said decision.  The hearing on said appeal
    must be only after notice of the time thereof mailed to appellant
    and respondent at least 7 days before said hearings. (Sec 25)

5.  Penalties
                                   295

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    Any violator is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction is
    punishable by a fine of not exceeding $500.00,  or by imprisonment
    not exceeding 6 months, or by both.  (Sec.  35)

6.   Performance Bonds

    Before issuance of any permit, the Health  Department shall require
    the applicant to post a cash bond in the sum of $1,000.00 or a
    surety bond in the same amount.   If  applicant has less than 1,000
    but more than 500 customers, he  must post  a bond of $500.00.  If said
    applicant has 500 customers or less, he must post a bond of $250.00.
    (Sec. 9)
                             296

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                   SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA


 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Ordinance No.  1335, February 6, 1967, as amended by Ordinance No. 1524.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         This Ordinance is an urgency measure necessary for the immediate
         protection and preservation of the public health, safety, and
         welfare.  (Sec. 3)

     2.   Definitions

         a.  Garbage - includes, but is not restricted to, every accumulation
             of animal, vegetable or other material (1) resulting from
             the preparation and consumption of edible foodstuffs, or (2)
             resulting from decay, dealing in or storage of meats, fish,
             fowl,  fruits or vegetables including the cans, containers or
             wrappers wasted along with such materials or (3) such industrial
             domestic and organic solid wastes or residue animals sold for
             for meat or (4) fruit, vegetable and animal matter from kitchens,
             dining  rooms, markets, food establishments or any other place
             using, dealing in or handling meats, fish, fowl, fruits, vegetables
             or grains or (5) offal, animal excreta or the carcasses  of
             animals, fish or fowl.

         b.  Rubbish - includes but is not restricted to all non-putrescible
             waste  or debris such as paper, cardboard, grass, tree or shrub
             trimmings, rugs, straw, clothing, wood or wood products,
             crockery, glass, rubber, metal, plastic, construction waste and
             debris and other similar metalsv

         c.  Refuse - includes both garbage and rubbish as defined above.

         d.  Truck  - includes any truck, trailer, semi-trailer, conveyance
             or vehicle used or intended to be used for the purpose of
             collecting refuse to haul or transport refuse upon public high-
             ways or thoroughfares.

         e.  Rubbish disposal - includes the collecting, transporting and
             disposal of garbage and/or rubbish in the unincorporated
             territories of the county.

         f.  Refuse disposal site - includes any site location or tract  of land,
             area,  building, structure or premises designated as Rubbish
             Disposal Sites by the Board of Supervisors and any County owned
             or County operated disposal area or dump where garbage and/or
             rubbish- is placed for disposal. (Sec. 1830)
                                      297

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III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Public Health Department

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue permits to operate a refuse collection service.  (Sec.  1831)

          b.  To make all necessary and reasonable rules and regulations.
              (Sec. 1847)

      3.  Appointment of an Advisory Board

          a.  There is authorized an Advisory Council which shall consist of  7
              persons appointed by the Board of Supervisors from the  following:
              One member from the County Administrative Services, the Public
              Health Department, the County Refuse Disposal Engineer, the
              Office of the County Counsel; and three members engaged in the
              Refuse Disposal Business in the County.

          b.  The Advisory Council shall meet at least semi-annually  to review
              the Refuse Disposal Program with the Public Health Department.

          c.  The Council shall make recommendations to the Public Health
              Department and the Board of Supervisors as deemed necessary.
              (Sec. 1854)

 IV,  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Everyone shall provide suitable and sufficient water tight cans,
              each capable of holding a maximum of 36 gallons.  Such  containers
              shall be equipped with suitable balls or handles and shall have
              tightly fitted covers, and shall not leak nor permit the  escape
              of odors.  They shall be readily accessible to the refuse
              collector or permit holder.  (Sec. 1833)

          b.  All refuse shall be collected at least once each week.  All
              garbage shall be collected at least twice each week. (Sec. 1834)

          c.  For the purpose of this ordinance, the County shall be  divided
              into permit areas,  (Sec. 1836)

          d.  All bodies of collection vehicles shall be constructed  of metal
              and shall be leak-proof.  The vehicles shall be maintained at
              all times in a clean, sanitary condition.  (Sec.  1847)
                                      298

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        e.  Garbage trucks shall be equipped with watertight metal tanks.
            All persons collecting garbage shall clean and disinfect all
            equipment at least once daily. (Sec. 1847)

        f.  All operators of refuse collection shall keep and maintain
            operating records and shall submit periodic reports. (Sec. 1847)

        g.  The permit holder shall not collect garbage or rubbish between
            the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. (Sec. 1847)

        h.  Refuse from outside of the county shall not be accepted at a
            County Refuse Disposal Site.  (Sec. 1850)

    2.   Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to leave trucks loaded with
            refuse parked for over a 24-hour period. (Sec. 1847)

        b.  It shall be unlawful for the permittee to transport any refuse
            from outside the County to disposal areas within the county.
            (Sec. 1847)

        c.  It shall be unlawful for any person other than an authorized re-
            fuse disposal site operator to be on a refuse disposal site
            area during the hours of closure. (Sec.  1849)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to scavenge or salvage without the per-
            mission from the Refuse Disposal Engineer. (Sec. 1850)

        e.  It shall be unlawful for any person to dump any refuse at a
            place other than the designated area. (Sec. 1852)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirements for Permits

        a.  It is unlawful for any person, other than the permit holder, to
            operate a refuse collection service, or refuse disposal area
            within any permit area. (Sec.  1837)

        b.  Permits shall be renewed annually. (Sec. 1842)

    2.   Inspection Procedure

        All of permittees equipment shall be inspected at the discretion
        of the Division of Environmental Sanitation of the Public
        Health Department, at the point of operation, (Sec. 1847)

    3.   Liability for Violators
                                   299

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    If the operator or manager has not complied with the provisions
    of this ordinance, the Health Officer,  after a hearing,  shall
    be empowered to revoke the permit. (Sec.  1840)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    Any dissatisfied person may appeal to the Board of Supervisors,
    who has the power to grant or deny such appeal. Said appeal
    shall be taken by filing with the Clerk of the Board a Notice
    of Appeal within 10 days after the date of a decision or ruling.
    (Sec. 1847)

5.  Penalties

    Every person violating the provisions of this Division is
    guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punished by a fine not to
    exceed $1,000 or 6 months or by both. (Sec. 1855)

6.  Performance Bonds

    Before issuing any permit, the Board shall require the applicant
    to post a cash bond in the sum of $2,500 or a surety bond in
    the same amount. (Sec. 1839)
                            300

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                          SAN DIEGO COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance Repealing and Reenacting Chapter 5 of Division 8 of Title
      6 of the San Diego County Code to Regulate Collection and Transportation
      of Garbage and Rubbish, 1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.  Garbage - includes all livestock or animal offal, swill, all
              fruit or vegetable waste made originally in the preparation of
              food or any manufactured product thereof whether produced in
              packing houses, markets, kitchens, dwellings, restaurants, or
              institutions, private or public, where garbage is produced, and
              all waste or cleanings from chickens or other fowl, rabbits,
              livestock, or other animals, or fish or other seafood, that
              shall have been prepared for or intended to be used as food.

          b.  Rubbish - includes trash, refuse, paper, glass, cans, bottles,
              rags, ashes, trimmings from lawns, shrubbery and trees, leaves
              and other solid wastes other than garbage, auto parts, dirt,
              rocks and/or materials from the demolition, alteration or
              construction of buildings,  but does not include clean fill dirt.

          c.  Refuse - includes, but is not restricted to, putrescible or
              non-putrescible solid wastes consisting of both combustible and
              noncombustible wastes such  as paper, cardboard, garbage, rubbish,
              grass clippings, tree or shrub trimmings, wood, bedding,
              crockery, rubber tires, construction waste, and similar waste
              materials, except sewage. (Sec. 68.501)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Works

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To supervise all county refuse disposal areas.  (Sec.  68.511)

          b.  To promulgate rules and regulations regulating the operation of
              county refuse disposal areas (Sec. 68.511) and transportation
              and collection of rubbish and garbage.  (Sec. 68.532)

          c.  To issue permits for the collection and transportation of
              garbage and rubbish.  (Sec.  68.520)
                                      301

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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.  Refuse must be contained and/or covered so as to prevent it
             from leaking or falling from the vehicle in which it is being
             transported. (Sec.  68.504)

         b.  Collectors of garbage or rubbish must provide service to all
             residents and all commercial and industrial establishments
             desiring such collection service. (Sec. 68.533a)

         c.  A collector's charges for all services must be non-discriminatory
             and uniform for equal services rendered. (Sec, 68.533b)

         d.  Residential pick-ups must be made only between the hours of
             6 a.m. and 8 p.m. on an approved schedule.  (Sec. 68.533d)

         e.  Garbage and rubbish may be  placed in the same containers.
             (Sec. 68.537a)

         f.  Every permittee must provide not less than one regular weekly
             collection to all customers. (Sec. 68.533f)

         g.  All collection trucks must  be in good mechanical condition, and
             must be closed, leakproof,  self-unloading,  and originally
             constructed for the purpose of garbage and/or rubbish collection.
             (Sec. 68.536c)

         h.  All containers must be in good condition, clean and leakproof,
             and must be constructed of moisture-proof metal, plastic,  rubber, or
             waterproof  fiber composition with tight-fitting covers.  (Sec. 68.537b  and  c)

         i.  No filled container shall weigh more than 70 pounds, and no
             container shall have a capacity of less than 15 gallons or more
             than 40 gallons. (Sec. 68.537 d)

         j.  Brush and similar materials must be tied securely in bundles
             weighing not more than 50 pounds and not more than 4 feet long
             unless containerized. (Sec. 68.537e)

         k.  No container shall be placed out at the curb or alley prior to
             4 p.m. on the day prior to scheduled collection, and all
             containers must be removed prior to noon on the day following
             collection day. (Sec. 68.537f)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful to dump any garbage or rubbish upon any
             highway or any property, or public grounds and water streams.
             (Sec. 68.502)
                                     302

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        b.  It shall be unlawful to dispose of garbage, industrial wastes,
            medical wastes,  and hazardous materials at a county operated
            burning disposal area.  Noncombustible solids shall not be mixed
            with combustible materials at such disposal sites.
            (Sec.  68.514)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.   Requirements for Permits

        a.  A permit is required to collect or transport garbage or rubbish.
            (Sec.  68.520)

        b.  The annual fee for a permit is as follows:

            (1)  Garbage or  rubbish collector permit - $25 annually, plus
                 $100 annually per  truck;

            (2)  Garbage or  rubbish transporter permit - $25 annually, plus
                 $50 annually per truck.

        c.  Permits and truck tags  or decals may be renewed annually.
            (Sec.  68.528)

        d.  No permit shall  be transferred except upon prior approval of the
            Director of Public Works. (Sec. 68.529)

    2.   Inspection Procedure                           *

        All collection trucks and other equipment must be inspected as
        often as necessary.  The Director of Public Works must provide
        for each truck a durable tag or decal which must be securely
        fastened by the permittee.  (Sec. 68.535)

    3.   Liability for Violators

        A permit may be suspended or revoked when the permittee violates
        any provision of this code  or any other rule. The permittee
        must cease operations under his permit within 10 days after
        receipt of written notice of suspension or revocation unless
        reinstated (Sec. 68.534)

    4.   Administrative Proceedings

        a.  If the permit application is denied, the applicant has the right
            to a hearing before the Board of Supervisors. A request for a
            hearing must be  in writing within 15 days after receipt of
            notice of denial. The Board of Supervisors must render its
            decision within  15 days after the close of the hearing. (Sec.
            68.526)
                               303

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    b.  Any person whose permit has been revoked or suspended has the
        right to demand a hearing before the Board of Supervisors
        within 10 days after receipt of such notice.  The hearing must
        be held not later than 10 days following the  receipt of the
        written request. (Sec. 68.534)

5.  Performance Bonds and Insurance

    a.  All garbage or rubbish collectors must post a cash bond or a
        surety bond of $5000.  (Sec. 68.531)

    b.  Every permittee must maintain public liability insurance in an
        amount not less than $100,000 for injury or death to any one
        person, and property damage insurance in an amount not less
        than $50,000. (Sec.  68.530)
                             304

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                     SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA

 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     An Ordinance providing for the  Collection,  Transportation and Disposal
     of Refuse,  Ordinance No.  877, June  27,  1961,  as  amended.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Declaration of Policy

         The purpose of this Ordinance is to institute an orderly program
         for the collection, transportation, and disposal of  refuse,  and
         waste matter of every and all kinds in  order to promote the
         community welfare, convenience,  health  and safety.  (Sec. 1)

     2.  Definitions

         a.   Animal feeding yard - includes  premises  or sites  where the
             feeding to three  or more  animals, other  than hogs,  of swill,
             offal, food processing  waste, vegetable  and fruit packing
             waste, or garbage, not  produced on  such  premises  or site, is
             permitted or occurs.

         b.   Commercial garbage -  includes garbage collected  or  saved, solely
             for purposes of commercial  reduction  for fats,  tallow, or
             fertilizer, by canneries, packing houses or sheds,  markets,
             hotels, butcher shops,  hospitals, or  similar institutions and
             and establishments where  large  quantities of salvage garbage
             are produced.

         c.   Disposal area - includes  premises or  sites where  the disposal of
             waste, refuse, garbage,  industrial  waste, and commercial
             garbage not produced  on the  premises  or  site, except an  animal
             feeding yard or hog farm  as  herein  defined, is permitted or
             occurs.

         d.   Food processing waste -  includes solid and semi-solid putrescible
             waste resulting from  vegetable  canning,  vegetable freezing,
             fruit canning, fruit  freezing,  food canning, or  resulting from
             a milk plant,  brewery,  winery,  or other  food processing  or
             manufacturing operation,  except vegetable and fruit packing
             waste.

         e.   Garbage - includes any  putrescible  animal, fish,  fowl, fruit, or
             vegetable refuse, resulting  from the  preparation, storage, handling,
             or  consumption of foods,  except food  procession  waste, vegetable
             and fruit packing waste,  swill  and  offal, and shall include
             containers or other non-putrescible material to  which particles
             of  putrescible material are  attached.
                                    305

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         f.   Hog  farm -  includes  premises  or  sites  where  the  feeding to three
             or more  hogs  of  garbage,  swill,  offal,  fruit processing waste,
             or vegetable  or  fruit  packing waste  not  produced on such premises
             or site, in compliance with  State  law,  is  permitted or occurs.

         g.   Industrial  waste -  includes  all  liquid,  semi solid, or solid
             waste  substance, except sewage,  from any producing, manufacturing
             or processing business operation except  food processing waste
             and  vegetable and fruit packing  wa'ste.

         h.   Refuse - includes waste,  garbage,  industrial waste, vegetable
             and  fruit packing waste,  food processing waste,  swill, offal,
             and  animal  and bird  manure,  but  shall  not  include commercial
             garbage  or  non-putrescible waste materials resulting from the
             wrecking, destruction, construction  or alteration of buildings.

         i.   Swill  -  includes waste material  which  is wholly  or nearly so,
             edible and  useable  as  food and having  food value for animals or
             fowl,  accumulating  from animal,  vegetable  or other matter wasted
             from clubs, hospitals, hotels, restaurants,  and  public eating
             places.

         j.   Vegetable and fruit  packing  waste  -  includes solid and semi-
             solid  putrescible waste resulting  from vegetable and fruit
             processing  establishments (excluding retail  stores) which do
             not  process fruit and  vegetables by  cooking, placing in sealed
             containers, freezing,  fermenting,  crushing,  drying, dehydrating,
             pasteurizing, or other similar procedures.

         k.   Waste  -  includes useless, unused,  unwanted or discarded material
             and  debris  resulting from normal community activities, or
             materials which  by  their presence  may  injuriously affect the
             health,  safety,  and  comfort  of persons and depreciate property
             values in the vicinity thereof,  and  all putrescible and non-
             putrescible solid or liquid  wastes,  except sewage, whether
             combustible or noncombustible, not otherwise defined in the
             various  definitions  contained in this  Article. (Article II)

II.   ADMINISTRATION

     1„   Responsible  Agency

         Health District

     2.   Functions  and Powers
         a.  To issue collector's permits and disposal area permits.
             (Sees. 41 and 140)

         b.  To recommend the revocation of permits. (Sec. 180)
                                      306

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         c.   To adopt necessary and reasonable rules and regulations.
             (Sec.  181)

         d.   To enforce all of the provisions of this ordinance relative to
             disposal areas. (Sec. 182)

IV.  Scope of Legislation

     1.  Standards  and Regulations

         a.   Everyone shall procure a metallic or plastic container with
             close  fitting covers.  All  such containers shall be kept in a
             sanitary condition, and shall be located in a readily accessible
             place  for collection. (Sec. 102)

         b.   A refuse collector shall provide refuse pick-up service to all
             persons and establishments. (Sec. 103)

         c.   All refuse shall be collected at least once each week.  All
             industrial, commercial, business, or institutional refuse shall
             be collected at least twice each week. (Sec, 104)

         d.   No person other than a contract refuse collector or a limited
             collector shall accept food processing waste vd.tb.out first
             obtaining the written approval or a limited collector's permit.
             (Sec.  120)

         e.   All collection vehicles shall be of a type and construction
             permitting refuse to be enclosed in a watertight leak-proof,
             insect and rodent-proof container having a tight-fitting cover
             so as  to prevent leakage, spillage, or overflow. (Sec. 120)

         f.   A means of covering and containing the refuse securely within
             the hauling body of every collection vehicle .shall be provided,
             and no refuse shall be permitted to escape from the vehicle.
             (Sec.  147)

         g.   At all disposal areas, refuse disposal shall be by means of
             sanitary landfill, by incineration, or by other approved methods,
             (Sec.  147)

         h.   Any breeding place of flies or rodents is a public nuisance.
             (Sec.  171)

     2.  Prohibited Activities

         a.   It shall be unlawful for any person to collect refuse without
             having first entered into a contract with the County to provide
             such service. (Sec. 62)

         b.   It shall be unlawful to accumulate refuse, waste and filth.
             (Sec.  100)
                                    307

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    c.  It shall be unlawful for any person, using a county disposal
        area to refuse to obey the signs posted at the area, or to refuse
        to obey the directions of the employee or agent, or to obstruct
        any of the driveways or passageways. (Sec. 160)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Permits

    a.  Limited collector's permits are required for collecting any
        refuse within the County. (Sec. 41) A fee of $50 shall be paid
        at the time of making application.  A fee of $25 shall be paid
        for renewal. (Sec. 51)

    b.  Industrial, commercial and business establishments operating
        their own service shall not be required to have permits. (Sec. 80)

    c.  A person collecting building materials, commercial garbage and
        dead animals shall not be required to have permits. (Sees. 82
        and 83)

    d.  No person shall operate a disposal area without a disposal area
        permit. (Sec. 140)

    e.  Any person responsible for the feeding to swine of garbage or
        swill, or anyone operating a hog farm or animal feeding yard,
        shall have a disposal area permit. (Sec. 148)

2.  Inspection Procedure

    The Health District shall inspect the vehicles to be used by an
    applicant in the collection and transportation of refuse.
    (Sec.  43)

3.  Liability for Violators

    The Board may revoke a limited collector's permit upon reasonable
    cause. (Sec. 47)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  Revocation of permits shall be only after a public hearing,
        notice of which has been given to the holder of the permit at
        least 10 days prior to the hearing. (Sec. 47)

    b.  Not prior to 30 days and within 60 days of an application for a
        limited collector's permit, the Bo?rd of Supervisors shall hold
        a public hearing, and after the hearing shall either deny or
        grant a permit.  (Sec. 46)
                               308

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    c.  Prior to holding any public hearing required by this article,
        the Board shall give notice of the public hearing by pub-
        lication. (Sec. 50)

    d.  Prior to the entering into of a collection contract and at the
        time of the annual review of rates, the Board shall hold at
        least one public hearing. (Sec. 67)

    e.  Within 30 days of the receipt of_the application for disposal
        area permit, the Planning Commission shall hold a public
        hearing. (Sec. 142)

    f.  If a hearing is not requested within 10 days after service of
        "Notice of Intention to Abate,5'  the District Health Officer
        may proceed to abate any nuisance. (Sec.  176)

5.  Penalties

    Any person violating the provisions of this Ordinance shall be
    guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be
    punished by a fine not exceeding $500, or by imprisonment not
    exceeding 6 months, or by both.  (Sec. 200)

6.  Performance Bonds

    The Board of Supervisors may require,  in connection with the
    issuance of any limited collector's permit and of any disposal
    area permit, that the applicant file a surety bond in an amount
    to be fixed by the Board, condtioned to guarantee faithful
    compliance with this Ordinance. (Sees. 45 and 146)
                             309

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                         SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
  I.  NAME OF ORDIANCE
      Chapter 17, Garbage and Refuse, Santa Barbara County Code, July 19,  1960,
      as amended.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Disposal area - includes any site, location, or tract of land,
              area, building, structure, transfer box, transfer station, or
              premise permitted by law to be used for refuse disposal.

          b.  Garbage - includes all putrescible wastes and all animal or
              vegetable refuse or residue that result from the preparation or
              care for, or treatment of, food stuffs intended to be used as
              food, or have resulted from the preparation or handling of food
              for human consumption, or any decayed or unsound meat, fruit
              or vegetable.

          c.  Refuse - includes all types of putrescible or non-putrescible
              solid wastes consisting of both combustible and noncombustible
              wastes such as paper, cardboard, garbage, grass clippings,
              tree or shrub trimmings, wood, bedding, crockery, rubber tires,
              construction waste, and similar waste materials, except sewage
              and industrial wastes.

          d.  Waste - includes non-putrescible wastes such as unusable,  un-
              wanted or discarded material and debris resulting from normal
              community or business activities-, or materials which by their
              presence may injuriously affect the health, safety, and comfort
              of persons or depreciate property values in the vicinity thereof.
              (Sec., 17-1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Maintenance and Operations Division, Department of Public  Works.

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To make all necessary and reasonable rules and regulations,
              covering refuse and garbage accumulations, collection and
              transporting types of refuse containers and refuse collection
              vehicles and for the effective and reasonable administration
              of this" chapter.  (Sec. 17-43)
                                       310

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         b.  To Issue license Co engage in collecting, hauling or trans-
             porting refuse. (Sec. 17-20)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.  Garbage and waste must be stored in a standard container or
             containers with close-fitting covers not exceeding eighty pounds.
             In the case of multiple dwellings, there must be at least one
             standard container for each dwelling unit. (Sec. 17-2)

         b.  All garbage, waste or refuse must be picked up at least once
             each week. (Sec. 17-3)

         c.  The county must provide disposal sites for the disposal of
             garbage, waste and refuse. (Sec. 17-7) Permission for disposal
             sites may be granted to cities, sanitary districts or other
             divisions of government. (Sec. 17-8)

         d.  The sanitary landfill method of disposal shall be used at all
             county operated sites. (Sec. 17-9)

         e.  The owner of any private property must at all times maintain the
             premises free of litter. (Sec. 17-15) When the county removed
             dangerous litter or paid for its removal, the actual cost plus
             accrued interest shall be charged to the owner. (Sec. 17-17)

         f.  The bodies of collection trucks must have beds of metal or of
             imprevious material which can be cleaned, and such beds must be
             water-tight and leak-proof.  Packer-type completely enclosed
             trucks should be used to the fullest possible extent. (Sec. 17-37)

         g.  The collector must provide a minimum of regular weekly collections,
             The hours of collection must be from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
             daily, except Sundays and holidays. (Sec. 17-44)

         h.  The county may charge a fee at the rate of fifty cents per yard
             or one dollar per ton, except weekends.  The regular minimum
             rates for use of the county disposal sites shall be fifty cents.
             (Sec. 17-53)

         i.  The Board of Supervisors may change, adjust or otherwise alter
             the prices and regulations. (Sec. 17-56)

     2.  Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful to deposit garbage, waste or refuse in or
             upon any public right-of-way, watercourse, or upon any premises
             except at an approved disposal site.  No person shall allow
             refuse to leak, spill, blow or drop from any vehicle on any
             road. (Sec. 17-4)
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         b.  It shall be unlawful to burn garbage or refuse containing
             garbage. (Sec. 17-5)

         c.  It shall be unlawful to dump refuse on private or public property
             other than provided by this chapter except by special written
             permission. (Sec. 17-6)

         d.  It shall be unlawful to scavenge on the premises of any public
             sanitary fill or county disposal areas.  (Sec. 17-10)

         e.  It shall be unlawful to litter on any occupied private property.
             (Sec. 17-U)

         f.  It shall be unlawful to accept refuse from outside of the county
             at county disposal areas except in emergencies.

V.   ENFORCEMENT

     1.  Requirements for Licenses

         a.  Any person who collects, hauls or transports refuse on any
             highway is required to first obtain a license to engage in such
             operation. (Sec. 17-20) Exceptions: Any municipality, public
             agency, sanitary district, division of government, industrial,
             or commercial establishment. (Sec. 17-21)

         b.  The license issued may be revoked and cancelled in the event
             of a change in ownership of the operating company. (Sec. 17-23c)

         c.  All license issued are effective for five years.  The licensee's
             truck fee per annum is $100 for the first truck and $25 for
             each additional truck. (Sec. 17-24)

     2.  Inspection Procedure

         All of licensees equipment must be inspected during June and
         December of each year and be certified that his equipment
         conforms to regulations.  (Sec. 17-40)

     3.  Liability for Violators

        . The Refuse Department may suspend or revoke any license when-
         ever the licensee fails or refuses to comply with the provisions
         of this Code.  (Sec.  17-29)

     4.  Administtative Proceedings

         a.  Any person who is dissatisfied with any decision of the Refuse
             Department may appeal to the Board of  Supervisors, which Board
             shall hear the matter de novo.  (Sec. 17-29)
                                    312

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    b.  Any person may appeal from denial of license by filing a
        notice of appeal. (Sec. 17-50)

    c.  Should a person be dissatisfied with the fee charged, he may
        appeal in writing to the Board of Supervisors within ten days
        of rendering of decision or ruling. (Sec. 17-60)

5.  Penalties

    a.  The county will pay a reward of $50 to any person who gives
        information which leads to the arrest and conviction of litters.
        (Sec. 17-18)

6.  Performance Bond

    a.  Before issuing any license, the Refuse Department shall require
        the applicant to post a cash bond or a surety bond in the sum
        of $2,500 by a corporate surety. (Sec. 17-27)
                                313

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                         SONOMA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA


  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance Regulating and  Controlling the Storage, Collection, Trans-
      portation,  and Disposal of  Refuse,  etc.,  Ordinance No.  1069, February 6, 1968,
      as amended  by Ordinance Nos .  1080 and 1086\

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.   Disposal  area - includes any site, location, or tract of land
              permittee? by  the Board to be used for refuse disposal.

          b.   Garbage - includes  all putrescible wastes and all animal
              or  vegetable  refuse  or residue that shall result in the
              preparation or care  for, or treatment of, foodstuffs intended
              to  be used as food,  and includes  all putrescible wastes having
              resulted  from the preparation or  handling of food for human
              consumption,  or any  decayed or unsound rceat, fish, fruit or
              vegetable,

          c.   Refuse -  includes both garbage and rubbish.

          d.   Rubbish • includes  non-putrescible wastes, including but not
              limited tc, unusable, unwanted or discarded material and debris
              resulting from normal community or business activities, or
              materials which by  their presence may injuriously affect the
              health, safety, and  comfort of persons or may depreciate
              property  values in its vicinity or both.

          e.   Standard  container - includes any water-tight can with a close-
              fitting cover, side  bail handles  and having a capacity of
              thirty-two (32) gallons or less.  (Sec. 1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Director of Public Works

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a«   To  administer and enforce this Ordinance.  (Sec.  18a)

          b.   To  issue  licenses for collecting, hauling or transporting refuse.
              (Sec. 6)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION
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Standards and Regulations

a.  Every person must provide sufficient standard containers for
    receiving all garbage and refuse. (Sec. 2a and c)

b.  No person shall fill a container so as to exceed 80 pounds
    when filled with garbage and to exceed 50 pounds when filled
    with rubbish. (Sec. 2b and d)

c.  No person shall accumulate refuse in an amount that creates a
    nuisance. (Sec. 2f)

cU  The occupant of any property may dispose of refuse by hurrying
    it a sufficient distance from the nearest building used for
    human habitation. (Sec. ?.g)

e.  The operation of disposal areas, sanitary fills or mechanical
    disposers must comply with the requirements of this Ordinance.
    (Sec. 2h)

f*  The County Board of Supervisors shall provide disposal areas
    for the disposal of refuse. (Sec. 2i)

g.  No person shall transport refuse in any container that has been
    used for burning. (Sec. 3b)

h.  No one is required to service containers of over 32 gallons
    capacity or any container exceeding 80 pounds in weight. (Sec. 13)

i.  No person shall transport garbage unless it is contained in
    watertight metal tanks, with close-fitting metal covers, and
    such covers must be affixed to the tanks, containers, or other
    receptacles in such a manner as to prevent the dropping or
    spilling of any garbage upon the highway. (Sec. 14)

j.  All licensees must maintain records and submit periodic reports
    based on these records. (Sec. 15a)

k.  The bodies of collection trucks must have watertight beds of
    metal or of impervious material.  The beds must be cleaned and
    disinfected at least once a day when in use. (Sec. 15m)

1.  Refuse generated outside the County will not be accepted at any
    disposal area. (Sec. 16)

Prohibited Activities

a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to throw any refuse upon any
    premises whatsoever except at a disposal area. (Sec. 3a)
                         315

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        b.  It shall be unlawful for any person to transport refuse in any
            container that has been used for burning. (Sec. 3b)

        c.  It shall be unlawful for any person to burn garbage or other
            offensive odor-producing materials. (Sec. 4a)

        d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in any
            scavenging activities at any disposal area without permission.
            (Sec. 16)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses.

        a.  No person shall collect refuse without receiving the appropriate
            license from the Director of Public Works. (Sec. 6)

        b.  All licenses shall be effective for ten years from the date of
            issuance unless provided otherwise or revoked.  (Sec. 10a)

        c.  A license may be denied or withheld if the Director of Public
            Works finds that the collection vehicle is insufficient, unfit
            or incapable of being used in compliance with the provisions of
            this Ordinance. (Sec. 18b)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        Licenses must present their equipment for inspection during
        June and December of each year. (Sec. 15 c)

    3.  Liability

        The Director of Public Works may suspend or revoke any license
        whenever the licensee fails to comply with the provisions of
        this Ordinance. (Sec. 18c)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        Revocation or suspension of licenses may be taken only after
        ten days notice in writing to the licensee. (Sec. 18c)  Any
        person who is dissatisfied with any decision of the Director
        of Public Works may appeal to the County Board of Supervisors
        by filing with the Clerk of the Board of Notice of Appeal.  The
        hearing shall be only after a notice of the time thereof mailed
        to appellant and respondent at least 7 days before said hearing.
        (Sec. 18d)

    5.  Penalties
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Any person who violates the provisions of this Ordinance is
guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be punish-
able by a fine of not more than $300.00 not less than $25.00 or
by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months, or by both.
(Sec. 21)

Performance Bonds and Insurances

a.  Prior to the issuance of any license, the prospective licensee
    must furnish a cash deposit or a surety bond in the sum of
    $2500.00.

b.  The licensee must obtain public liability and bodily injury
    insurance in an amount not less than $200,000.00 for injuries or
    death to any one person and not less than $500,000.00 for more
    than one person; and Workmen's Compensation insurance covering
    all employees of the licensee. (Sec. 11)
                        317

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                          BADE  COUNTY,  FLORIDA


 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Chapter 15  Garbage and Trash,  Bade County  Code,  June  9,  1959.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1 „   Definitions

         a.   Commercial establishments  - includes  any hotel,  motel,  apartment
             house,  rooming house  or  tourist  court which contains  three
             (3)  or  more service units, and any other building, business
             or  establishment of any  nature or  kind whatsoever other than
             a residential unit.

         b.   Garbage - includes every refuse  accumulation  of  animal,  fruit
             or  vegetable matter that attends the  preparation, use,  cooking
             and dealing in, of storage of edibles, and any other  matter,
             of  any  nature whatsoever,  which  is subject to decay,  putrefaction
             and the generation of  noxious or offensive gases or odors, or
             which,  during or after decay, may  serve  as breeding or  feeding
             material for flies or  other germ-carrying insects.

         c.   Garbage can - includes any galvanized metal or durable  plastic
             container of the type  commonly sold as a garbage can, of a
             capacity not less  than twenty gallons and not to exceed thirty
             gallons, having two handles upon the  sides thereof, or  a bail
             by  which it may be lifted  and a  tight-fitting metal or  plastic
             top with handle, and  so  constructed as to permit the  free dis-
             charge  of its contents.

         d.   Garden  trash - includes  all accumulations of  leaves,  grass or
             shrubbery cuttings, and  other refuse  attending the care of
             lawns,,  shrubbery,  vines  and trees.

         e.   Industrial waste - includes waste  products of canneries, slaughter-
             houses  or packing  plants,  condemned food products, agricultural
             waste products, wastes and debris  from brick, concrete  block,
             roofing shingle or tile  plants,  debris and wastes accumulated
             from land clearing, excavating,  building, rebuilding  and
             altering of buildings, structures, roads, streets, sidewalks or
             parkways, and any  waste  materials  which, because of their
             volume  or nature,  do  not lend themselves to collection  and
             incineration co-mingled  with ordinary garbage and trash, or which
             because of their nature  or surrounding circumstances, should be,
             for reasons of safety  or health, disposed of  oftener  than the
             county  collection  service  schedule provided for  in this chapter.
                                  318

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          f.  Noncombustible refuse - includes refuse materials that are
              unburnable at ordinary incinerator terperature (800 to 1800
              degrees F) such as metals, mineral matter, large quantities of
              glass or crockery, metal furniture auto bodies or parts, and
              other similar material or refuse not usual to housekeeping or
              to operation of stores or offices.

          g.  Residential unit - includes any structure or shelter or any
              part thereof used, or constructed for use, as a residence for
              one family.

          ho  Rubbish - includes refuse accumulations of paper, excelsior,
              rags or wooden or paper boxes or containers, sweepings, and all
              other accumulations of a nature other than garbage, which are
              usual to housekeeping and to the operation of stores, offices
              and other business places, and also any bottles, cans or other
              containers which, due to their ability to retain water may
              serve as breeding places for mosquitoes or other water-breeding
              insects; rubbish shall not include noncombustible refuse, as
              defined above.

          i.  Service unit - includes any four sleeping rooms or a fraction
              thereof, where no cooking privileges are provided, located in
              any commercial establishment.

          j.  Waste - includes garbage, rubbish, garden trash, noncombustible
              refuse and industrial wastes as herein defined. (Sec. 15-1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          The Waste Division of Public Works Department.

      2,  Functions and Powers

          a.  To establish the type, frequency and amount of waste collection
              and disposal service. (Sec. 15-13)

          b.  To promulgate rules and regulations. (Sec. 15-13)

          c.  To issue permits to engage in refuse collection. (Sec. 15-17)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Each commercial establishment shalj. have sufficient garbage cans
              or approved waste containers, and each residential unit shall
              have two garbage cans.  Garbage cans shall be kept tightly
              covered at all times and easily accessible to the collectors.
              (Sec. 15-2)
                                   319

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    b.  Before building permits may be issued, (except for single family
        residential use) plans for storage of refuse must be approved
        by the director of public works. (Sec. 15-4)

    c.  Each owner or occupant shall have the duty to prevent the
        continued, excessive and unsightly accumulation of garbage and
        trash. (Sec. 15-5)

    d.  The material transported must be adequately secured in such a
        manner as to prevent the material from falling or being blown
        from transporting vehicle. (Sec. 15-7)

    e.  Special collections may be performed for special fees.  Extra
        service charge may be made for unreasonably delaying or inter-
        fering with waste collection. (Sec.  15-14)

    f.  Any person may be issued a permit to dispose of waste materials
        accumulated on his own premises by burial. (Sec. 15-15)

    g.  The county shall not be responsible for collecting industrial
        waste, noncombustible waste, building material, discarded
        furniture, etc. (Sec. 15-16)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to dump or bury any waste without proper
        authorization, except materials suitable for fill with property
        owner's permission. (Sec. 15-6)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to place any dangerous materials in waste
        containers. (Sec. 15-8)

    c.  It shall be unlawful to dispose of garbage within designated
        geographical service area except by or through the incineration
        or composting facility.  (Sec. 15-9)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Permits

    A permit shall be obtained to carry on the business of refuse
    collection.  Permits shall be for one year.  The county may
    refuse to renew permits at the expiration date.  A fee of
    $25.00 shall be charged for initial issuance, and the renewal
    fee shall be $10.00 per year. (Sec. 15-17)

2.  Liability for Violators

    Permits may be cancelled for inadequate service, inadequate
    precautions in collection, or disposal, littering of streets,
    alleys, or roads or interfering or hindering county waste
    service.  (Sec. 15-17)
                                320

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3.  Penalties

    Any person found guilty of a violation of any provisions of this
    chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction
    thereof shall be liable to pay a fine not to exceed $500.00 or
    to imprisonment not to exceed 30 days or by both. (Sec.  15-32)

4.  Liens

    Waste fees shall constitute special assessment liens against
    all improved real property. (Sec.  15-28)
                          321

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                         DEKALB COUNTY,  GEORGIA
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

      DeKalb  County Sanitation Ordinance of 1967,  as amended;  Chapter 8, Part
      II of the DeKalb  County Code.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          The ordinance shall apply  to the preparation and storage, collection,
          transportation, and disposal of all refuse in the area under the
          jurisdiction  of the county sanitary districts as presently or
          hereafter established.

      2.  Definitions

          a.   Garbage - includes  putrescrible animal and vegetable wastes
              resulting from the  preparation, cooking, and serving of food
              and the storage and scale of produce, tin cans,  glass containers
              and newspapers.

          b.   Noncombustible trash - includes materials which  are unburnable
              in the incinerator  or  at incinerator temperatures of 800 to
              1800 degrees F.

          c.   Refuse -  includes garbage and trash  collectively.

          d.   Sanitary  landfill - includes any refuse disposal area operated
              by the county.

          e.   Trash - includes non-putrescible solid wastes consiting of
              combustible and noncombustible material such as, but not limited
              to, paper, cardboard,  yard clipping, wood, glass, crockery and
              similar materials.

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Director of Sanitation (Sec. 8-3:a)

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.   To mixke routine Inspections of garbage cans, garbage containers
              and garbage collection areas.  (Sec.  8-3:b)

          b.   To provide the unincorporated areas  of the county into pick-up
              routes or districts.  (Sec. 8-4)
                                     322

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         c.  To issue regulations relative to the disposal of refuse at
             county facilities.  (Sec. 8-9:b)

IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations Outlined

         a.  Storage of Refuse

             (1)   Garbage must be stored in garbage cans or commercial
                  containers. Large amounts of trash must be stored separately
                  in trash cans  or commercial containers. (Sec. 8-5:a and b)

             (2)   Residential garbage cans must be placed not more than 150
                  feet from the  curb.(Sec. 8-5:d)

             (3)   Refuse cans will not be picked up if gates are locked, wired
                  or tied shut,  and if dogs are not secured. (Sec. 8-5:e)

             (4)   Owners must prevent the continued excessive accumulation
                  of refuse. (Sec. 8-5:f)

             (5)   The county will not collect refuse from commercial
                  establishment  or multiple dwellings unless placed in
                  commercial containers. (Sec. 8-6:b)

             (6)   Owners of multiple dwellings must provide enough containers
                  to provide at  least one-half cubic yards of refuse storage
                  space for each family unit. (Sec. 8-6:d)

         b.  Collection of Refuse

             (1)   Garbage to be  collected twice each week from residential
                  units; trash once a week.

             (2)   Refuse to be collected as often as six times a week from
                  commercial establishments.

             (3)   Collection service may be discontinued if garbage or trash
                  cans or commercial containers are inadequate or have been
                  condemned as unfit. (Sec. 8-7)

             (4)   Owners of the  property located on any pick-up route or
                  district may use an approved receptical for the acceptance
                  of refuse. (Sec. 8-12)

         c.  Sanitary Landfills

             (1)   Any person or  firm who desires to operate a sanitary landfill
                  should receive the written approval of the governing
                  authority. (Sec. 8-15)
                                    323

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            (2)  Application requires boundary survey, zoning compliance
                 certificate, and approval of department heads of health,
                 planning, fire, sanitation and public works.

            (3)  All sanitary landfills must have a crawler type tractor
                 and accessories weighting not less than 20,000 pounds.
                 (Sec. 8-17)

            (4)  All sanitary landfills must be enclosed with a fence at
                 least 5 feet high. (Sec. 8-18)

            (5)  All landfills must have an operator in attendance at all
                 times when in use. (Sec. 8-19)

            (6)  Any changes in the normal drainage of the property must
                 be approved by the Public Works Department. (Sec. 8-20)

            (7)  The streams must not be impeded or polluted. (Sec. 8-22)

            (8)  Adequate drainage facilities must be provided. (Sec. 8-24)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.   It shall be unlawful to place in any container any acid,
            explosive material, inflammable liquids or dangerous or cor-
            rosive material. (Sec. 8-5:g)

        b.   It shall be unlawful to haul and convey any refuse along the
            public streets and roadways. (Sec. 8-8:a)

        c.   It shall be unlawful to dump refuse except at the incinerator
            or sanitary landfills. (Sec. 8-9:a)

        d.   It shall be unlawful to dump or bury any refuse without written
            permission. (Sec. 8-9:d)

    3.  Approved operations of sanitary landfill. See above IV, 1,c.

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Licenses

        Licenses are required for the operation of sanitary landfill.
        (Sec.  8-15)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        Sanitation inspectors have authority to make routine inspections
        of garbage containers.  They have a duty to issue summons
        directed to the violators to appear in the Recorder's Court.
        (Sec.  8-3:b)
                                 324

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3.   Liability for Violators

    All permits  to establish and maintain landfills shall be subject
    to revocation after a public hearing.  Thirty days notice of
    such hearing shall be given to the licensee in writing.   The
    Board of Commissioners may suspend the license temporarily
    pending correction of the cause or terminate it.  (Sec.  8-25)
                                325

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                   BALTIMORE COUNTY,  MARYLAND
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Article IV, Garbage, Trash,  Ashes and Other Offensive Matter, Baltimore
     County Code, October 5, 1969.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         The purpose of this Article is to protect the public health and
         safety of the citizens of  the county.  (Sec.  13-29)

     2.   Definitions

         a.  Ashes - includes noncombustible residue  from the burning of
             wood, coal, coke and other combustible materials in homes,
             stores, institutions and industrial establishments for the
             purpose of heating,  cooking and disposing of waste combustible
             material and, unless otherwise specified, does not include
             tin cans, scrap metal  and glass.

         b.  Commercial refuse -  includes refuse from wholesale and retail
             stores, including but  not limited  to restaurants, florists,
             beauty shops, barbershops, doctor  offices, variety stores,
             hardware stores and  other enterprises of this classification in
             the County Zoning Regualtions.

         c.  Garbage - includes animal and vegetable  waste resulting from the
             handling, preparation, cooking and consumption of foods, ex-
             clusive of recognized  industrial  by-products and human or
             animal feces.

         d.  Hazardous and special  wastes • includes  hazardous solid and
             liquid wastes, including but not  limited to highly flammable
             materials, explosives, pathological wastes and radioactive
             materials.

         e.  Incineration - includes destruction by combustion, in which
             heat, not less than  twelve hundred degrees Fahrenheit, is
             applied to all classes of waste material, within a properly
             designed plant.

         f.  Industrial refuse -  includes solid waste materials from factories
             processing plants and  other manufacturing enterprises, including
             but not limited to putrescible garbage from food processing
             plants and slaughterhouses, condemned foods, building rubbish,
             cinders from power plants and manufacturing refuse.
                                     326

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          g.   Offal - includes waste animal matter from butcher and slaughter
              or packing houses.

          h.   Open dump - includes any land public or privately owned, other
              than a sanitary landfill, on which there is deposit and accumula-
              tion, either temporary or permanent, of any kind of organic or
              inorganic refuse, including but not limited to waste materials,
              waste products, waste paper, garbage, empty cans, broken glass,
              rags and all other kinds of organic or inorganic refuse, but
              excluding scrap for use in manufacturing processes on the
              premises, or nonputrescible waste materials resulting from such
              processes, or resulting from the construction or elimination
              of facilities for such processes.

          1.   Refuse - includes all waste materials, combustible or noncombust-
              ible from all public and private establishments and residences,
              other than sewage.

          j«,   Rubbish - includes all solid waste, other than garbage, offal
              and ashes, from homes, hotels, stores, institutions, markets, and
              other establishments; further classified as combustible and
              noncombustible.

          k.   Sanitary landfill - includes planned and systematic method of
              refuse disposal by burying. (Sec. 13-28)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          County Health Officer and the Department of Public Works

      2.   Functions and powers

          a.   To issue permits for collection and disposal of refuse. (Sec.
              13-32)

          b.   To make inspections. (Sec. 13-33)

          c.   To contract for the collection and removal of refuse. (Sec. 3A:e)

 IV   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.   Garbage and other offal, trash and ashes shall each be placed in
              secure receptacles covered with a lid.  Rubbish may be tied in
              bundles which can be readily handled. (Sec. 13-37:a)
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    b.  All persons are required to keep their premises free from
        accumulation of improperly stored refuse.  All refuse shall be
        stored in closed receptacles. (Sec.  13-31:a)

    C.  All garbage shall be stored in approved water-tight containers
        with tight fitting lids. (Sec. 13-31:b)

    d.  The occupant of any premises shall be responsible for the
        sanitary condition of the premises.  (Sec. 13-31:c)

    e.  All collection vehicles shall be sufficiently watertight to
        prevent the loss of any liquid waste. (Sec. 13-34:a)

    f.  All open type vehicles shall be covered by heavy canvas or
        metal. (Sec. 13-34:b)

    g.  All vehicles shall be loaded in such a manner as to prevent
        spillage or overflow. (Sec. 13-34:c)

    h.  All vehicles shall be cleaned at the end of each day's operation
        in a manner which will minimize odors and prevent insect and
        rodent breeding. (Sec. 13-34:d)

    i.  All garbage-feeding hog farms must meet the minimum requirerrents
        of the State Board of Agriculture. (Sec. 13-43)

    j.  No incinerator shall be operated in such a manner as to leave
        unburned organic matter in the residue. (Sec. 13-47:b)

    ko  No incinerator shall be constructed or operated in such a manner
        as to violate any state or local air-pollution laws or reg-
        ulations. (Sec. 13-47:d)

    1.  No incinerator shall be operated in such a manner that the smoke
        density from the stack shall exceed No. 1 on the Ringlemann
        Chart. (Sec. 13-47:c)

2.  Prohibited Activities

  •  a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit any offensive
        material on any street except under a permit. (Sec. 13-38)

    b.  It shall be unlawful for any person to place any receptacles
        containing hot or burning material on any street. (Sec. 13-39)

    Co  It shall be unlawful for any person, exept the authorized persons
        to transport, store or dump any offensive material upon any
        street without a permit. (Sec. 13-40)

    d.  It shall be unlawful for any person to sweep refuse, etc., in or
        upon public places.  (Sec.  13-41)
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        e.  It shall be unlawful to spread manure on lands except upon
            permit. (Sec. 13-44)

        f.  It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit refuse, etc.
            upon vacant lots. (Sec. 13-42)

        g.  It shall be unlawful to maintain an open dump. (Sec. 13-30)

    3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities - Sanitary Landfills.

        a.  Daily cover of at least 6 inches of well-compacted earth shall
            be placed to cover all refuse deposited that day.

        b.  The final cover shall be maintained at a depth of 24 inches.

        c.  The burning of refuse shall be prohibited.

        d.  The fill shall be properly protected from erosion and sedimentation,

        e.  Water pollution shall be prevented.

        f.  A bulldozer or similar machinery shall be maintained on the
            site at all times.

        g.  An all weather access road shall be provided.

        h.  Access to the site shall be limited.

        i.  Fire protection shall be provided.

        j.  Individual lifts shall be no greater than 8 feet in depth, after
            which there must be an intermediate cover at least 12 inches
            deep.

        k«  Vermin and rodent life shall be eliminated.

        1.  Dust control measures shall be taken,

        m.  Surface water shall be drained. (Sec. 13-49)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Permits are required for collection and disposal of refuse.
            (Sec. 13-32:a)

        b.  All permits shall be renewed at the end of  each calendar year.
            (Sec. 13-32:b)

    2.  Inspection Procedure
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    The Health Department shall make daily inspections, and other
    agencies shall make random inspections not less than monthly.
    (Sec. 13-33)

3.  Liability for Violators

    If the licensee fails to comply with the requirments set forth
    in the notice of violations, the Health Department shall issue
    an order to the Director of the Department of Permits and
    Licenses, who shall revoke the permit. (Sec. 13-32:e)

A.  Administrative Proceedings

    The licensee has the right to appeal the action of the Director
    of the Department of Permits and Licenses.  (Sec. 13~32:e)

5.  Penalties

    Any person violating this division shall be guilty of a mis-
    demeanor, and shall be fined for not more than $1000, or be
    imprisoned for not more than six months, or both.  (Sec. 13-51)

6.  Performance Bonds

    Before any permit shall be issued, the applicant shall be
    required to give a performance bond in the amount  of $10,000.
    (Sec. 13-A8:e)
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                          MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND


  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Montgomery County Code 1965,  as amended, Chapter 87, Garbage and Refuse.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.   Garbage - includes all organic waste, consisting of the residue
              of animal, fruit or vegetable matter, resulting from the pre-
              paration, cooking, handling or storage of food, exclusive of
              human or animal feces.

          b.   Refuse - includes ashes, garbage, rubbish, junk, industrial
              waste, dead animals and all other solid waste materials, including
              salvable waste.

          c.   Rubbish - includes all refuse other than garbage, whether com-
              bustible or noncotnbustible, including but not limited to:
              Rubbish from building construction or reconstruction, dead trees,
              uprooted tree stumps, slash, rubble, bottles, cans, waste paper,
              cardboard, sawdust piles, slash from sawmill operations and all
              other waste material. (Sec. 87-1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of the Department of Inspections and Licenses and the
          Health Officer.

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To approve any method of refuse disposal. (Sec. 87-4)

          b.   To issue licenses for collectors (Sec. 87-13), incinerating
              plants, (Sec. 87-9:b), and sanitary landfills. (Sec. 87-9:b)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.   Collection

              (1)  No refuse shall  be collected or transported within the
                   county except by a licensed collector or hauler. (Sec.
                   87-13:a)
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    (2)  Each collection vehicle must be registered. (Sec. 87-14:a)
         It must have metal body not to exceed 7 feet in height, and
         a suitable tightly fitting cover. (Sec. 87-14:n)

    (3)  Refuse collectors must maintain regular service in accordance
         with a written or oral contract; rernove all rubbish in
         containers from every point of pickup; provide alternate
         service in the event of mishap or breakdown of regular
         equipment; and maintain the vehicle body so as to prevent
         leakage of contents. (Sec. 85-15)

b.  Storage and Removal

    (1)  Owners and occupants must provide sufficient containers;
         shall not permit accumulation of trash, litter or rubbish
         on streets, sidewalks or private property.

    (2)  All containers must be vermin-proof and waterproof, of
         rioncorrodible metal, and equipped with tight-fitting lids.

    (3)  Refuse in incinerators must be destroyed daily, or stored
         in proper containers or storage rooms.

    (4)  The frequency of collection must be at least once a week.
         Highly putrescible waste must be removed from commercial
         premises daily. (Sec. 87-16)

c>  Disposal

    (1)  Incinerators must be constructed in accordance with the
         Building Code. (Sec. 87-7:a)

    (2)  They shall not emit fly ash in excess of 0.85 pounds per
         1000 pounds of dry flue gas, corrected to  12% carbon
         dioxide or 50% excess air. (Sec. 87-7:b)

    (3)  The area around incinerator must be kept free from accumu-
         lations of refuse. (Sec. 87-7:c)

    (4)  Incinerating plants must be enclosed by substantial fence,
         6 feet high.  (Sec. 87-8:b,1)

    (5)  Sanitary Landfills

         (a)  No less than 4 feet of dirt shall remain as over-burden
           over rock soils.

         (b)  The landfill shall not result in water pollution.

         (c)  No refuse shall be dumped in water.
                             332

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                 (d)  The soil compostion must permit adequate  drainage.

                 (e)  Access roads must comply with the Road  Construction
                      Code.

                 (f)  The nearest well must not be less than  500  feet  away.

                 (g)  The site must be properly drained to prevent ponding,
                      erosion or washing away.-

                 (h)  Refuse must be covered within 24 hours  of deposit; fish
                      and highly putrescible matter must be covered  immediately;
                      average final coverage of surface and side  slopes must
                      be 24 inches.

                 (i)  No scavenging or burning.

                 (j)  Portion of fill actually in use must be completely
                      fenced. (Sec. 87-9)

            (6)  Oti-site disposal by burial is permitted for  camps and farms
                 in trench providing 8 inches of dirt cover.  (Sec. 87-10)

            (7)  Disposal in compost piles is permitted only when the  pile
                 is rodent proof. (Sec. 87-11)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to dispose any refuse, except at  an  approved
            place.  (Sec. 87-5)

        be  It shall be unlawful to feed garbage to swine. (Sec.  87-7)

        C*  It shall be unlawful to collect and/or transport  any  refuse
            except as provided.

    3.  Approved Operations of Sanitary Landfill.

        See above IV, 1, c, (5).

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirement for Permit

        a.  No person shall establish an incinerating plant without  obtaining
            a license. (Sec. 87-8:b)

        b.  No person shall operate a sanitary landfill without obtaining
            a license. (Sec. 87-9:b)

        c<  No person shall collect refuse without obtaining  a  license.
            (Sec. 87-13:a)
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                      PRINCE GEORGE'S  COUNTY,  MARYLAND


 1.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Solid Waste Ordinance,  August 11, 1967.

II.   GENERAL STATEJIENT

     1.   Declaration of Policy

         It is the intent of this  Ordinance  to protect the public health
         and safety by setting down minimum  standards for the storage,
         collection, transportation, and disposal of solid wastes. (Sec. 1)

     2.   Definitions

         a.  Solid Wastes (Refuse) - includes  all waste materials, combustible
             or noncombustible,  from all public and private establishments,
             and residences, including trash,  garbage, rubbish, offal,
             industrial refuse and commercial  refuse, but not the body
             excrements.

         b.  Garbage - includes  animal and vegetable waste resulting from
             the handling, preparation, cooking and consumption of foods,
             exclusive of recognized industrial by-products from canneries
             and other food  processing industries, and human or animal feces.

         c.  Ashes - includes noncombustible  residue from the burning of
             wood, coal,  and other combustible materials in homes, stores,
             institutions and industrial establishments for the purpose of
             heating, cooking, and disposing  of waste combustible material.

         d.  Rubbish - includes  all solid waste other than garbage, < ffal,
             and ashes from homes, hotels, stores, instiutions, markets and
             other establishments.

         e.  Trash - includes rubbish  and ashes.

         f.  Sanitary Landfill - includes any  planned and systematic method
             of refuse disposal whereby the  waste material is placed in the
             earth in layers, then compacted  and covered with earth or
             other approved cover material at  the end of each day's operation.

         g.  Incineration -  includes destruction by combustion, in which
             heat, not less  than 1,200 degrees F., is applied to all classes
             of waste material,  within a properly designed plant approved by
             the Department  of Public  Works.
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          h.  Open Dump - includes any land publicly or privately owned, other
              than a sanitary landfill, on which there is deposit and
              accumulation, either temporary or permanent, of any kind of
              organic or inorganic refuse. (Sec. 2)

III.   Administration

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Department of Public Works and Health Department.

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue licenses for collection and/or disposal of refuse.
              (Sec. 3,a)

          b.  To make inspections of refuse storage containers, refuse col-
              lection vehicles, and refuse disposal facilities. (Sec. 4)

          c.  To pass regulations to carry out the intent and purpose of this
              ordinance. (Sec. 14)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.  Collection and Transportation

              (1)  All collection vehicles must be sufficiently watertight.

              (2)  All open type vehicles must be covered by heavy canvas
                   or metal and kept cleaned.

              (3)  In special districts, the county may collect refuse from
                   single residence dwellings, duplex residence dwellings and
                   triplex residence dwellings.  The county may contract
                   with private individuals, associations and corporations to
                   to provide refuse collection service.

          b.  Storage

              (1)  All persons are required to keep their premises from
                   accumulations of refuse.

              (2)  All garbage must be stored in approved containers with
                   tightfitting lids.

              (3)  The occupant of any premises must be responsible for the
                   sanitary condition of the premises occupied by him. (Sec. 8)
                                       335

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        c.  Disposal

            (1)  All garbage-feeding hog farms must meet the minimum
                 requirements, including pasturization, of the tlaryland State
                 Board of Agriculture.

            (2)  No incinerator should be operated in such a manner as to
                 create harborage for rodents, flies or other insects and to
                 leave unburned organic matter in residue.

            (3)  Construction and operation of incinerator must meet the
                 requirements of all existing air pollution control laws.

            (4)  Every sanitary landfill must be throughly compacted and
                 covered at the end of each day's operation with at least
                 6 inches of compacted soil.  When completed, it must be
                 covered with at least 24 inches of soil, and should not
                 cause a dust nuisance.

            (5)  Burial of refuse on owner's property must be conducted
                 subject to the approval of the Health Officer.

            (6)  The disposal of hazardous and special wastes must be
                 consulted and approved by the Health Officer.  (Sec. 10)

    2.  Prohibited Activities.

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in collection,
            transportation, or disposal of refuse without a written
            license from the Department of Public Works.  (Sec.  3,e)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to maintain operation of open dumps.  (Sec.
            10,3,a)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  A license from the Department of Public Works is required to
            collect and dispose of refuse.  (Sec. 3,a)

        b.  Licenses are valid for 1 year and must be renewed one year from
            the date of issuance. (Sec. 3,c)

    2.  Inspection

        Representatives of the Department of Public Works and the Health
        Department make inspections of the equipment, disposal  site
        and other facilities.  (Sec. 3,8:1)
                                    336

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3.  Liability for Violators

    If the violator fails to make necessary corrections, the De-
    partment of Public Works has authority to revoke any license.
    In addition, any criminal violations of this ordinance shall
    be reported to the State's Attorney's office and the County
    Attorney's office for appropriate action. (Sec. 4)

A.  Administrative Proceedings

    Any person accused of violation is entitled to the priviledge
    of a hearing.  The violator must request such a hearing in
    writing within 30 days after he receives notice of violation.
    (Sec. 5)

5.  Penalties

    Any person convicted of any violation is guilty of a mis-
    demeanor and fined a sum of not more than $500, or 90 days of
    imprisonment. (Sec. 13)

6.  Performance Bonds

    In the case of a sanitary landfill operation, the applicant for
    a license must submit a completion maintenance bond, cash, or
    other security.   The amount must be sufficient to cover cost of
    repair and/or maintenance and/or completion of a landfill during
    the license period. (Sec. 3,b)
                               337

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                    KALAMAZOO COUNTY,  MICHIGAN


  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      "Refuse and Garbage Collection  and Disposal Regulations.'' September 6, 1961.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.  Refuse - includes any waste produce which is not water carried
              and which is composed wholly or partly of such materials as
              garbage, rubbish, sweepings, industrial solid wastes, or domestic
              solid wastes, organic wastes or such other substances which
              may become a nuisance.

          b.  Garbage •• includes all food wastes of animal, fruit or vegetable
              matter that attends the  preparation, use, cooking, dealing in
              or storing of meats,  fish,  fowl, birds, fruit, or vegetables,
              including cans, containers  and wrappers wasted therewith and
              also, kitchen and table  wastes of every kind except dishwater
              or waste water and all other refuse or waste matter of any
              nature or kind, mixed, handled or included therewith.

          c.  Nusiance - includes anything which is injurious to health,
              offensive to the sense,  obstructs the reasonable and comfortable
              use of property, or causes  inconvenience or discomfort to the
              community or neighborhood.  (Sec. 3)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          a.  Health Officer (Sec.  1:2)

          b.  County Board of Supervisors (Sec. 4:4)

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.  Health Officer

              (1)  To administrate and enforce these regulations and
                   relevant state laws. (Sec. 1:2)

              (2)  To Inspect premises and collect laboratory samples.  (Sec.  1:3)

              (3)  To order immediate  and complete abatement of a public
                   nuisance or menace, or of a condition which may, in  the
                   opinion of Health Officer, become a menace to the public
                   health. (Sec. 1:7)
                                     338

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             (4)  To inspect and approve all equipment and facilities of
                  license applicant prior to approval of license. (Sec. 6:1a)

             (5)  To approve granting of all licenses. (Sec. 6:1b)

         b.  County Board of Supervisors

             Retains right to establish at any board meeting and with-
             out notice to any party maximum rates for collection
             and/or disposal of garbage. (Sec. 4:4)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a. Storage

             (1)  Containers shall be galvanized metal, in good repair, leak
                  proof, rodent proof, free from holes and not to exceed 20
                  gallons in capacity.

             (2)  Containers shall be fitted with tight-fitting metal covers
                  which shall be removed only when emptying or filling
                  container and be equipped with handles in opposite sides.

             (3)  Storage area shall be kept clean, free of spilled garbage,
                  or foul smelling water or refuse.

             (4)  All garbage shall be securely wrapped.  Residential garbage
                  cans may be used for refuse storage, but harmful drugs and
                  acids shall not be placed therein.

             (5)  Cans shall be washed and so maintained to prevent it from
                  becoming foul smelling and a breeding place for flies.

             (6)  Commercial standards shall.be same as residential standards
                  except the container shall not be restricted to 20 gallon
                  capacity.(Sec. 7)

         b„  Collection

             (1)  Collector shall take care not to spill any garbage, rubbish
                  or wastes and pick up all such material spilled.

             (2)  Collector in early morning hours shall use caution to
                  prevent unnecessary noises.

             (3)  Collector shall return cans to storage area and take care
                  not to damage them.
                                     339

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        (4)    All vehicles  shall be kept clean'and so designed to
              prevent spillage and leakage.  (Sec.  5)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful for any persons to keep  on premises any
        substance which may be injurious to  public health except in
        closed containers  as provided for" in this  ordinance.

    b.  It shall be unlawful to transport any garbage or decayed vege-
        table matter through the streets without a license except a
        person may carry containers from his home  to  disposal area.

    c.  It shall be unlawful, except as  to licensees, to deposit any
        garbage on any public or private property, street, alley, or
        body of water.

    d.  It shall be unlawful to allow any garbage  to  be placed or remain
        on any curb lawn.

    e.  It shall be unlawful to transport garbage  or  decayed vegetable
        matter except in all metal enclosed  vehicle.  (Sec. 6)

3.  Approved Operations of  Solid Waste Facilities

    a.  Sanitary Landfills

        (1)    No garbage or refuse shall be  dumped except at sanitary
              landfill site.

        (2)    No garbage shall be disposed of within  200 yards of a
              public highway.

        (3)    Working area  of fill must  be enclosed by fence.

        (4)    On level ground, trench method shall be used.  After each
              days deposit, a minimum of 6 inches  of  cover shall be used.
              Completed fill shall not be over 8 feet in depth and
              covered by not less than txjo feet of cover.

        (5)    On sloping ground, the progressive slope method shall be
              used. The daily cover shall be 6 inches and final cover at
              least 2 feet.

        (6)    There shall be a suitable  road to landfill.

        (7)    Adequate drainage shall be maintained to prevent accumulation
              of surface water.

        (8)    No refuse shall remain uncovered overnight.
                             340

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            (9)  Stumpts, concrete, radioactive wastes, industrial and
                 toxic wastes are not suitable for disposal at landfill
                 unless approved by Health Officer.

        b.  Incineration

            Incineratiors may be used if under- supervision of qualified
            individuals and if approved by Health Officer.

        c.  Garbage Grinding

            Garbage grinding is permitted if sewage treatment plant
            designed for purpose of handling garbage is made available.

        d.  Individual Disposal

            Individual may dispose of garbage from his own dwelling when
            done in manner not to create a nuisance or menace to
            health. (Sec. 8)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits, etc.

        a.  License required to engage in business of collection and/or
            disposal of garbage. (Sec. 4)

        b.  Application shall be made to County Clerk and if Health Officer
            approves,  license shall be issued.

        c.  Licensee must furnish service to all users if said user complies
            with these regulations. (Sec. 4 and 6)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        a.  Prior to issuance of application, Health Officer shall inspect
            all equipment and facilities used or to be used by applicant.
            (Sec. 6:1)

        b.  All premises are subject to inspection by the Health Officer.
            (Sec. 1:3)

        c.  No person shall refuse to permit the Health Officer to inspect
            any premises at reasonable times. (Sec. 1:4)

    3.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Health Officer may order the immediate and complete abatement of
            a public nuisance or menace to public health or of a condition
            which, in his opinion, may become a menace to public health.
            (Sec. 1":7)
                                    341

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    b.  No person shall remove, mutilate or conceal any notice of
        Health Officer. (Sec. 1:8)

4.  Penalties

    Conviction of failure to comply with these provisions shall be
    punished by a fine not to exceed $100-or imprisonment not to
    exceed 90 days or both.  Each day's violation is a separate and
    distinct violation. (Sec. 1:6)

5.  Insurance

    a.  $50,000 - personal injury to one person.

    b.  $100,000 - personal injury in any accident.

    c.  $25,000 " property damage. (Sec. 4:3)
                                342

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                    LOS ALAMOS COUNTY, NEW MEXICO
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      An Ordinance Establishing a Service for the Collection and Disposal
      of all Garbage, Rubbish, Ashes and other Refuse, Ordinance No. 56,
      May 15, 1967.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.  Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable waste re-
              sulting from the storage, handling, preparation, cooking and
              consumption of food.

          b.  Rubbish - includes non-putrescible waste materials such as paper,
              cartons, rags, boxes, excelsior, rubber, leather, tree branches,
              tin cans, bottles, scrap automotive bodies and other metallic
              junk, mineral matter and street sweepings, crockery, di?carded
              furniture, dirt, ashes and all other refuse not included in
              the term garbage.

          c.  Refuse - includes putrescible and non-putrescible solid wastes
              (except body wastes) including any and all garbage, rejected
              or waste food, offal, swill, ashes, slop, rubbish and waste or
              unwholesome material of every kind and character.

          d.  Large Volume Receptacle - includes refuse receptacles of 4 cubic
              yards of greater capacity furnished and maintained by the County
              which shall be subject to special collection fees as provided
              in this ordinance. (Sec. 2)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          The County Administrator with the advice of the Health Authority

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To make regulations pertaining to the collection, conveyance
              and disposal of refuse. (Sec.  3)

          b.  To collect and dispose of all garbage, rubbish and other
              refuse. (Sec.  6:c)

          c.  To issue permits for the operation of incinerators. (Sec. 5:a)
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SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

1.   Standards and Regulations

    a.  Every person shall provide one or more garbage receptacles.
        (Sec. 4)

    b.  The County shall provide sufficent,  trained refuse disposal
        employees and equipment. (Sec. 6:a)

    C.  Rubbish may be collected and hauled  by those engaged in con-
        struction under a valid permit.  (Sec.  6:c,2)

    d.  Tree and  yard trimmings accumulated  by persons regularly engaged
        in gardening or landscaping may  be collected under a valid
        permit. (Sec. 6:c,3)

    e.  Business  and commercial establishments, and occupants or owners
        of private residence  may haul occasional ''one-time1' loads  of
        excess rubbish. (Sec.  6:c,4 and 5)

    f.  The County shall maintain a refuse disposal site. (Sec. 6:d)

    g.  Incinerators may be approved for the burning of contaminated
        medical,  hospital or  governmental wastes. (Sec. 5:a,1)

    h.  Rubbish may be burned as specifically permitted by County
        Ordinance No. 48 (Fire Code) and amendments thereto. (Sec. 5:b)

    i.  Composting will be permitted by the  County under regulations
        adopted by the Health Authority. (Sec. 5:d)

    j.  The owner of a dead animal is responsible for removing and dis-
        posing of it.  He may have the assistance of the County in
        removing such animal.   (Sec. 10:b)

    k.  Every person is required to receive  refuse collection, removal
        and disposal services and to pay fees. (Sec. 11)

2.   Prohibited Activities

    a.  It shall be unlawful to burn or bury any garbage or rubbish
        except as provided. (Sec. 5)

    b.  It shall be unlawful to dump refuse  except at the disposal site.
        (Sec. 5:d)

    c.  It phall be unlawful to scavenge, collect, or scatter refuse at
        the disposal site. (Sec, 6:e)

    d.  It shall be unlawful to throw refuse on any street,  (Sec. 7)
                               344

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        e.  It shall be unlawful to permit any premise to become offensive
            or dangerous to the neighborhood or to the public health.
            (Sec. 8:a)

        f.  It shall be unlawful to permit weeds, briars, brush, or other
            vegetation to grow so as to emit obnoxious odors or to become
            hazardous to public health. (Sec. 8:b)

        g.  It shall be unlawful to disturb or scatter the refuse or con-
            tents of the refuse receptacles. (Sec. 9)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        A permit must be issued for the operation of incinerators, for
        the collection and disposal of rubbish, and for the operation
        of trailer courts. (Sees. 5:a,1 and 6:c)

    2.  Liability for Violators

        a.  If any person fails to pay fees or charges, the amount of such
            unpaid charges or fees shall be made an assessment against such
            real property or any improvements contained thereon. (Sec. 14)

        b.  After the certified list containing any delinquent assessment
            with penalty added for nonpayment of the assessment is accepted
            by the Board of County Commissioners, the assessment shall be
            a lien against the parcel of real estate. (Sec. 17)

    3.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  The County Clerk shall publish a notice containing the assess-
            ment roll not less than 10 nor more than 20 days before the
            day of the protest hearing. (Sec. 15)

        b«  At the protest hearing any interested person may protest to the
            Board of County Commissioners.  The Board shall correct any
            errors, if any, or confirm the proceedings and assessments.  The
            proceedings and assessments so confirmed shall be deemed to be
            the final determination as to  the correctness of the assessment.
            (Sec. 16)

    4.  Penalties

        Any person violating any provision of this ordinance shall upon
        conviction thereof be punished by  a fine of not more than
        $100.00 or imprisonment for not more than 10 days, or by both.
        (Sec.  18)
                                   345

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                    IREDELL COUNTY,  NORTH CAROLINA
  I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE ,

      Rules and Regulations governing the Storage,  Collection, Transporting,
      and Disposal of Refuse,  March 21,  1966.

 II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

          The regulations are  for the protection of public health and shall
          govern the storage,  collection, transporting,  and disposal of refuse
          throughout the County.

      2.   Definitions

          a.   Refuse - includes garbage  or rubbish.

          b.   Garbage - includes  all putrescible solid wastes, including
              vegetable matter, animal offal,  and carcasses of small animals,
              but excluding human body wastes, animal manure, and recognizable
              Industrial by-products.  Used milk cartons, or other discarded
              food containers  that are not dry and clean, shall be included
              in this definition.

          C.   Rubbish - includes  non-putrescible solid wastes.

          d.   Refuse collector -  includes any  person who collects or trans-
              ports refuse, other than one who removes refuse from his own
              premises. (Sec.  1)

III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          Director of the Health  Department

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To approve the method of storing garbage or other refuse. (Sec.
              II)

          b.   To approve the methods of disposing of refuse.  (Sec. V)

          c.   To give permit for collecting, transporting, or disposing of
              refuse.  (Sec. VI)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations
                                    346

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    a.  Every garbage container must be constructed of metal, or equally
        durable material, in such a manner as to be strong, watertight,
        not easily corrodible, fly proof, and rodent proof; and must
        have a capacity of not more than 32 gallons.  A sufficient
        number of containers must be provided to hold at least one week's
        accumulation of garbage. (Sec. 11:1)

    b.  Rubbish must be stored in such a manner that it will not provide
        harborage to rats, nor cause a fire hazard. (Sec. 11:2)

    c.  All garbage and refuse must be removed from the premises at
        least once a week. (Sec. Ill)

    d.  Refuse trucks must be leak proof, and covered with a canvas or
        other substantial material, unless it is constructed in such a
        manner as to prevent leakage or spillage of the refuse.  Truck
        bed should be cleaned daily. (Sec. IV)

    e.  No refuse collector shall dispose of refuse except by one of the
        following nethods:

        (1)  By burning refuse in an incinerator of a type approved by
             the Health Director as safe and sanitary.

        (2)  By burying refuse in a sanitary landfill that is designed,
             operated, and equipped in accordance with the recommendations
             in Special Bulletin No. 479 of the State Board of Health.
             (Sec. V)

    f.  The customer shall pay a maximum monthly fee as set out as
        follows:

        (1)  Rural property owners - $2.50.

        (2)  Trailer Courts - based on agreement.

        (3)  Business establishments - based on agreement.

        (4)  Individual trailers on individual lots • $1.50. (Sec. VII:A)

ENFORCEMENT

1.  Requirements for Permits

    a.  The person shall collect, transport, or dispose of refuse
        without a written permit from the County Board of Commissioners.
        (Sec,  VI:A)

    b.  Each exclusive permit shall become effective for a period of
        five years. (Sec. VI:D)
                               347

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2.  Inspection

    The Health Director inspects facilities, equipment, or operating
    methods of any person holding a permit.  If conditions or
    practices in violation of the provisions of these regulations
    are not corrected within ten days,  the Director shall make a
    reinspection. (Sec. VIII:A)

3.  Liability for Violators

    The Health Director shall revoke a permit if the permittee has
    not corrected unlawful conditions or piactices in ten days after
    receiving a notice in writing. (Sec. VIII:A)

4.  Administrative Proceedings

    Upon written permission from a person whose permit has been
    denied or revoked, the County Board of Commissioners shall hold
    a hearing at which time such person shall be given an opportunity
    to prove his case.  No such hearing shall be held unless written
    petition has been filed within ten days.  After the hearing, the
    County Board of Commissioners may either approve the denial or
    revocation of such permit or order that it be issued or re-
    instated. (Sec. VIII:B)

5.  Penalties

    Any person who violates this ordinance shall be guilty of a
    misdemeanor, and fined not exceeding $50.00 or imprisoned not
    exceeding 30 days. (Sec. X)

6.  Performance Bonds and Insurances

    The applicant for permit must secure- and present to the County
    a good sufficient surety bond or liability insurance policy
    in the sum of not less than $1,000.00.  (Sec. IX)
                                348

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                MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Regulations Governing the Storage, Collection, Transporting, and
      Disposal of Solid Waste, August 15, 1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          The Regulations govern the storage, collection, transporting and
          disposal of solid waste for the protection of the public health.

      2.  Definitions

          a.   Refuse - includes putrescible and  non-putrescible solid wastes,
              (except body wastes),  including garbage, rubbish, ashes, street
              cleanings, dead animals, abandoned automobiles and solid market
              and industrial wastes.

          b.   Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable wastes re-
              sulting from the handling, preparation and consumption of foods.

          c.   Rubbish - includes non-putrescible solid wastes (except ashes).
              It consits of both combustible and noncombustible materials,
              such as paper, cardboard,  tin cans, yard clippings, wood, glass,
              bedding, crockery, metals  and similar objects.

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          County Board of Health

      2.  Functions and Powers

          To  give permits for collection, transportation, or disposal of
          rubbish, garbage, or refuse. (Sec. 3:A)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations

          a.   Garbage or rubbish must be stored  in covered containers which
              are watertight,  provided with a tight-fitting lid, rust re-
              sistant, and fly tight and rodent  proof. (Sec. 2:A)
                                      349

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        b.   No person shall accumulate rubbish or debris on any land or in
            any building that will provide harborage or breeding places for
            mosquitoes,  vermin,  or rats.  (Sec. 2:B)

        c.   Rubbish, garbage and refuse must be disposed of by burning
            rubbish, garbage or  refuse in an incinerator of a type approved
            by the Air Pollution Control  Authority, and by burying them in
            sanitary landfills.  (Sec.  4:A and B)

        d.   Sanitary landfills must comply with the following requirements:

            (1)   All refuse must be thoroughly compacted and covered with at
                  least  6 inches of earth to prevent fly emergence, rodent
                  infestation, and to  allay odors.

            (2)   The fill site  must be maintained in a neat and sanitary
                  condition.

            (3)   Measures must  be taken  to prevent water pollution.

            (4)   No domestic animals  must be permitted to feed from garbage
                  at the. site.

            (5)   The final earth covering for slopes of landfills must be
                  compacted to a minimum depth of 24 inches. (Sec. 4:B)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        It shall be unlawful to conduct open burning on landfill sites
        to reduce the volume of refuse. (Sec. 4:15)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permit

        a.   No person shall collect, transport, or dispose of rubbish, gar-
            bage or refuse without a written permit. (Sec. 3:A)

        b.   The Health Director is authorized to refuse to issue any permit
            in case of noncompliance with the requirements of the regulations,
            (Sec. 3:c)

        c.   The Health Director may suspend a permit if conditions or
            practices in violation of the provisions of the regulations have
            not been corrected.  (Sec.  3:F)

    2.  Liability for Violators

        The Health Director may bring a proceeding in the Superior
        Court of the County in which the violation of the regulation
        exist for its abatement.  (Sec. 5:B)
                               350

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3.  Administrative Proceedings

    The Board of Health must hold a hearing when a person whose
    permit has been suspended files a written petition.  After the
    hearing, it may either revoke or re-instate such permit.  (Sec.  5:G)

4.  Penalties

    Any person who violates any regulations is guilty of a mis-
    demeanor and punishable by a fine not to exceed $50.00 or im-
    prisonment not to exceed 30 days. (Sec. 4:A)

5.  Bond or Liability Insurance

    Any collector of garbage must submit to the Board of Health
    for its approval a good and sufficient bond or liability  insurance
    in the sura of not less than $2,000.00, and this bond must be
    kept in force at all times.  (Sec. 3:E)

6.  Injunctive Powers

    The Superior Court may upon hearing and for good cause shown
    enjoin the continuance of the condition violating the regulations,
    irrespective of all other remedies at law. (Sec. 5:B)
                            351

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                          MARION  COUNTY,  OREGON


 I.   NAME OF ORDINANCE

     Solid Waste Collection and  Disposal  Ordinance,  September 22,  1969.

II.   GENERAL STATEMENT

     1«   Declaration of Policy

         To protect  the health,  safety  and welfare  of the  people  of Marion
         County and  to provide a  coordinated program on accumulation,
         collection  and disposal  of wastes and solid wastes.  (Sec.  2)

     2.   Definitions

         a.  Disposal site - includes any land used for the  disposal of
             solid wastes, including, but not limited to,  dumps,  landfills,
             sanitary landfills  and composting plants,  but does not include
             a landfill site which  is not used by the public  either directly
             or through a service,  and  which is  used by the  owner  or tenant
             thereof to dispose  of  sawdust,  bark, soil, rock, building
             demolition material  or non-putrescible  industrial waste products
             resulting from the  process of manufacturing.  (Sec.  3.06)

         b.  Hazardous Solid Waste  - includes soil  waste that may  be itself
             or in combination with other solid  wastes, be infectious,
             explosive, poisonous,  caustic or toxic or  otherwise  dangerous
             or injurious to human, plant or animal life.  (Sec.  3.11)

         c.  Incinerator - includes a combustion device specifically designed
             for the reduction by burning, of solid, semi-solid or liquid
             combustible wastes.  (Sec.  3.12)

         d.  Landfill - includes  a  disposal site operated  by  means of com-
             pacting and covering solid x^astes at specific designated inter-
             vals, but not each  operating day. (Sec. 3.13)

         e.  Sanitary landfill  -  includes any disposal  site  operated by
             means of compacting  and covering solid wastes at specific
             designated intervals,  but  not each  operating  day.  (Sec.  3.13)

         f.  Solid waste - includes all putrescible and non-putrescible
             wastes, whether in  solid or  liquid  form, except  liquid carried
             industrial wastes or sewage  or sewage  hauled  as  an  incidental
             part of a septic tank  or cesspool cleaning service,  but including
             garbage, rubbish,  ashes, sewage sludge, street  refuse, industrial
             wastes, swill, demolition  and construction wastes,  abandoned
             vehicles or parts  thereof, discarded home  and industrial
             appliances, manure,  vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid
             wastes, dead animals and other discarded "solid  materials.
             (Sec. 3.21)
                                      352

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III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          The County Engineer under the supervision of the Solid Waste Disposal
          Committee and the Board of County Commissioners.

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.   To regulate accumulation, collection and disposal of wastes and
              solid wastes and the creation and operation of disposal sites.

          b.   To provide a coordinated county-wide program of control of
              solid wastes in cooperation with federal, state and local
              agencies responsible for the prevention, control or abatement
              of air, water and ground pollution.

          c.   To provide for, and encourage research, studies, surveys and
              demonstration projects on developing more sanitary, efficient
              and economical solid waste disposal systems and programs.

          d.   To provide for cooperation and agreements between Marion County,
              and other counties involving joint or regional franchising of
              solid waste collection or disposal. (Sec. 2)

      3.   Appointment of an Advisory Board

          a.   There is created a Solid Waste Committee consisting of:

              (1)   Marion County Engineer

              (2)   Director of the Council of Governments.

              (3)   Director of County Environmental Health Services.

              (4)   Two members of the general public  and two holders of
                    franchises.(Sec. 7.01)

          b.   Duties of the Committee

              (1)   To make an annual report.

              (2)   To develop a long-range plan to provide adequate disposal
                    sites and facilities.

              (3)   To develop minimum standards for the location and operation
                    of disposal sites. (Sec. 7.03)

          C.   Regional Solid Waste Committee
                                    353

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             The Board of County Commissioners may appoint one or more
             members of the Committee to serve on a regional committee.
             (Sec.  7.04)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards  and Regulations

         a.  No person shall store,  collect,  maintain or display on private
             property, water or solid waste that is offensive or hazardous
             to the health and safety.  Storage, collection, maintenance or
             display of wastes or solid wastes in violation of this subsection
             shall  be a public nuisance. (Sec. 5.01)

         b.  The Board of County Commissioners may promulgate rules governing,

             (1)  Accumulation, storage, collection, transportation and
                  disposal of solid x^astes to prevent (a) vector production
                  and sustenance, (b) conditions for transmission of disease
                  to man or animals, (c) air pollution,  (d) pollution of
                  surface or ground water, and (e) hazards to service
                  or disposal workers or to the public

             (2)  Disposal sites

             (3)  Construction, loading and operation of collection vehicles

             (4)  Safe handling of hazardous  wastes. (Sec. 8:a)

         c.  Upon recommendation of the Solid Waste Committee, the Board
             of County Commissioners may approve and establish existing rates
             filed  by applicants for franchises if such rates are not un-
             reasonable. (Sec. 10.01)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful to dispose of solid waste at any other
             place  than an approved disposal site.  (Sec. 6  :a)

         b.  It shall be unlawful for any person to use  any land as a disposal
             site without approval of the Board of County Commissioners.
             (Sec.  6:b)

         c.  It shall be unlawful to store, collect, transport or dispose of
             any solid waste without a franchise.  (Sec.  9.01:a)

 V.  ENFORCEMENT

     1.   Requirements for Franchises
                                    354

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    a.  Persons who are providing collection service must be granted a
        collection franchise. (Sec. 9.03)

    b.  Any persons who want to provide disposal service must secure
        disposal franchise.  (Sec. 9.05)

    c.  The Board of County Commissioners may issue a franchise  for
        joint service with another person.  (Sec. 9.08)

    d.  A franchise holder may transfer his franchise only upon  written
        notice to and approval by the Board. (Sec. 9.09)

    e.  Franchises shall be renewable unless grounds exist for refusal
        to renew.  The term for collection  franchises shall be ten years,
        The terms for disposal franchises shall be determined by the
        Board. (Sec. 9.U)

    f.  The Board shall collect from the holder of: (1) any collection
        franchise, an annual fee equal to 3 percent of the gross
        cash receipts from collection service; (2) any disposal
        franchise, an annual fee of $25.00. (Sec. 9.15)

2.  Liability for Violators

    The Board of County Commissioners may suspend, modify, revoke,
    or refuse to renew a franchise if the holder has (1) violated
    the ordinance; (2) materially misrepresented facts or information
    given in the application; (3) refused to provide adequate
    service area. (Sec. 9.12:a)

3.  Administrative Proceedings

    a.  The Board shall conduct a public hearing on the existence of the
        alleged nuisance, and shall order a suit for its abatement if
        a nuisance is found to exist. (Sec. 5.02:d)

    b.  The applicant or a franchise holder may request a public hearing
        upon the Board's order adverse to him within 30 days after the
        date of said order.  (Sec. 9.07)

    c.  If the Board suspends, modifies, revokes or refuses to renew the
        franchise, the franchise holder may request a public hearing in
        writing within 30 days after date of the order.  The Board may
        following the public hearing, affirm, amend or rescind its
        prior order. (Sec. 9.12:c)

A.  Penalties

    The violations of the provisions of this ordinance shall be
    deemed to be a misdemeanor and shall be punishable upon conviction
    by a fine of not more than $500.00 or by imprisonment for not
    more than 6 months or both. (Sec. 12.03)
                                 355

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5.  Performance Bonds and Insurances

    a.   The Board may require the franchise applicant to submit a
        corporate surety bond.  (Sec. 9.03:,5 and 9.05ic,3)

    b.   The Bond may require the applicant to have public liability
        insurance in the amount of not less than $100,000 and  property
        damage insurance in the amount of not less than $25.00.
        (Sec.  9.03:b,7)

6.  Injunctive Powers

    The Board is authorized to  make and issue temporary restraining
    orders enjoining the alleged violation of this ordinance.  If
    the Bond determines that the alleged violator has committed a
    violation of this ordinance, it may enter an order permanently
    enjoining further violations. (Sec. 12.01)
                          356

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                       WASHINGTON COUNTY,  OREGON
 I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

     An Ordinance relating to the  Creation of a Solid Waste Control Program,
     as amended,  1969.

II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

     1.  Declaration of Policy

         To protect  the health,  safety  and welfare  of the people of Washington
         County,  the Board of County  Commissioners  has determined the necessity
         of providing a co-ordinated  county-wide program for the safe,
         economical  and efficient  collection, storage, transportation and
         disposal of wastes and  solid wastes, and to insure adequate standards
         of service  for said collection,  storage, transportation and disposal
         of wastes and solid wastes.  (Sec. 2)

     2.  Definitions

         a.  Disposal site - includes any land used for the disposal of
             solid wastes  including,  but  not  limited to,  dumps,  landfills and
             composting plants.  Exception: A landfill site used by the owner
             or tenant to  dispose  of  sawdust, bark, soil, rock,  building
             demolition material or non-putrescible industrial waste products.

         b.  Hazardous Solid Waste -  includes solid waste that may be in-
             fectious, explosive,  poisonous,  caustic or toxic or otherwise
             dangerous or  injurious to  human, plant or animal life.

         c.  Landfill - includes disposal of  solid  waste  by compacting and
             covering solid waste  at  specific designated  intervals but not
             each operating day.

         d.  Putrescible material  - includes  organic material that can de-
             compose, and  may give rise to foul smelling, offensive products.

         Ci  Solid Waste - includes all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes,
             whether in solid or liquid form, except liquid-carried industrial
             wastes  or sewage or sewage hauled as an incidental  part of a
             septic  tank or cesspool  cleaning service, but including garbage,
             rubbish, ashes, street refuse, industrial waste, swill, demolition
             and  construction waste,  abandoned vehicles or parts thereof,
             disc?rded home and  industrial appliances, manure, vegetable or
             animal  solid  and semi-solid  waste, dead animals and other dis-
             carded  solid  materials.

         f.  Waste - includes useless,  unwanted or  discarded materials. (Sec. 1)
                                     357

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III.   ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

      2.   Functions and Powers

          To administer and enforce this ordinance. (Sec. 3:A)

      3.   Solid Waste: Advisory Committee

          a.  The Committee consists of seven members, five representing the
              public, and two representing the solid waste collection and
              disposal industry.   Members of the Committee are appointed by
              the Board of County Commissioners and serve for a term of five
              years. (Sec. 5)

          b.  The Committee makes an annual report containing its recommendations,
              if any, regarding proposed changes or additions to the rules
              and regulations and performs such other and further acts as
              may be necessary, proper or desirable to carry out effectively
              the functions of the Committee. (Sec. 6)

 IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.  Persons who are providing service to a residential, commerical,
              or industrial customer on or before January 1, 1969 may continue
              to serve such customer even if said customer is located within
              a service area allocated to another person. (Sec. 11)

          b.  The holder of a certificate must provide required service and
              facilities; should not discontinue service without giving not
              less than 90 days written notice; may contact with another
              person to provide service after giving 30 days written notice;
              and may refuse collection service if the customer refuses to
              pay for the service. (Sec. 13)

          c.  Rates filed by all applicants must be approved by the Board.
              (Sec. 16)

          d.  No certificate holder shall give any rate preference to any
              person, locality or type of solid waste. (Sec. 17)

          e.  The annual certificate fee is equal to 3% of the gross receipts
              from the area defined in the certificate.  (Sec. 18)

  V.   ENFORCEMENT

      1.   Requirements for Permits
                                         358

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    a.  It shall be unlawful to collect, store, transport or dispose of
        any waste without a certificate.  Exceptions: Cities, federal or
        state agencies. (Sec.  7)

    b.  The Board may issue a certificate for joint service with another
        person who can provide that service. (Sec. 12:A)

    c.  The Board nay issue a temporary or permanent certificate to
        another person for limited purpose. (Sec.  12:B)

2.  Liability for Violators

    The Board may suspend, modify or revoke a certificate upon
    finding that the holder has willfully violated this ordinance.
    (Sec. 15)

3.  Administrative Proceedings

    The Health Department has  authority to administer oaths, certify
    to all offical acts, subpoena and require the attendance of
    witnesses at public hearings, require production of relevant
    documents of public hearings; swear witnesses; take testimony of
    any person by deposition;  and enter upon the premises of any
    person to determine compliance with this ordinance. (Sec. 3)

A.  Penalties

    The violation of the relevant provisions of this ordinance is
    punished by a fine of not  less than $500 or more than $1,000,
    or by imprisonment for a period not to exceed one year, or both.
    (Sec. 21)

5.  Injunctive Powers

    a.  The Board is authorized to issue temporary restraining orders
        enjoining the alleged  violation. (Sec.  19)

    b.  The Board, District Attorney, or County Counsel, may institute
        injunction,  mandamus,  abateinent or other appropriate legal
        proceeding to temporarily or permanently enjoin or abate un-
        lawful collection, storage, transportation or disposal.  (Sec. 22)
                                359

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                      ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Allegheny County Health Departments'  Rules and Regulations, Article VIII
      Solid Waste Management, Septeir-ber 1,  1969.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

          This article provides regulations for establishing minimum standards
          for the regulation of the collection, processing, storage and
          disposal of solid waste material, establishing minimum standards
          governing the condition and maintenance of disposal facilities,
          vehicles and other equipment, fixing responsibilities and duties
          of owners engaged in solid waste  management and permits. (Sec. 801)

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Composting - includes decomposition of solid waste material of
              organic composition through chemical and biological process
              usually resulting in a plant  food or soil conditioner.

          b.  Garbage - includes all putrescible solid wastes resulting from
              animal, grain, fruit or vegetable matter used or intended for
              use in food.

          c.  Incineration - includes process of burning combustible solid
              waste to an inoffensive gas and a sterile residue.

          d.  Refuse - includes all solid waste excluding ashes and garbage,
              consisting of, but not limited to, rubbish, paper, cardboard,
              tin cans, yard clippings wood, glass, bedding, crockery, metal
              and street cleanings. Exceptions: body waste and hazardous
              materials.

          e«  Sanitary Landfill - includes  any method of disposing of solid
              wastes on or in ground by compaction and covering with soil or
              appropriate materials approved by the Director without creating
              fires, nuisances or hazards to public health and safety.

          f.  Solid Waste - includes all or parts of combinations of ashes ,
              garbage, refuse, hazardous material, combustible demolition
              materials and industrial wastes.  (Sec. 804)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Health Department
                                     360

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     2.  Functions and Powers

         a.  To issue permits for solid waste transportation and processing
             or disposal area.  (Sec.  810:D and Sec. 811)

         b.  To enforce standards contained in Article VIII and to adopt
             applicable laws, regulations and standards of the United States
             and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Sec. 812)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.  Standards and Regulations

         a.  All-weather access roads negotiable by loaded collection vehicle
             must be provided to the entrance of the disposal site or facility
             where a public road does not exist.

         b.  Provisions should  be made for measuring all solid waste delivered
             to the site.

         c.  Necessary measures should be taken to prevent and extinguish
             fires.

         d.  Access to the site must be limited to those times when an
             attendant is on duty.

         e.  Salvaging is permitted only when properly controlled.

         f.  Collection vehicles must be constructed of metal, easily
             cleanable and cleaned at sufficient frequency. (Sec. 812:E)

     2.  Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful to install, construct extensively, alter,
             or operate any solid waste system without regard to the re-
             quirements and standards of this article. (Sec. 812:A)

         b.  It shall be unlawful to dispose of solid waste upon any public
             or private property or into the waters except in an approved
             manner. (Sec. 812:C)

         c.  It shall be unlawful to permit an open fire for the purpose of
             disposing of solid waste except where permission is obtained.
             (Sec. 812:D)
                                    361

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V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1«  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Permits are required of any person, municipality,  county  or
            authority to use land as a solid waste processing  or  disposal
            area.  (Sec. 810:A)

        b.  The annual fee is $100 which is due after notification  of approval
            of the application.  (Sec. 810:D) There shall be no charge to
            municipalities.

        c.  Permits are renewable annually and may be revoked  when  provisions
            of these rules and regulations are not adhered  to. (Sec.  810:1
            and J)

        d.  A permit is required to transport solid waste.  (Sec.  811)

    2.  Inspection Procedure

        The Director of the Health Department may enter and inspect any
        property,  records  and equipment at all reasonable  times and in
        an emergency at any time.

    3.  Liability  for Violators

        In case of violation, the Director shall give notice of the
        violation  in the manner  provided in this section to the person
        responsible for compliance.  (Sec. 805)

    4.  Administrative Proceedings

        a.  Any person aggrieved by any action of the Department  may request
            a hearing by filing  in the office of the Director  a petition for
            a hearing.  (Sec. 807)

        b.  The Director may, without prior notice, issue  an emergency order.
            In the event of non-compliance with the order,  he  may institute
            appropriate actions  or proceedings at law or in equity. (Sec.
            808 and 809)

    5.  Penalties

        Any violator is subject  to a  fine of not more than  $100.00  or to
        imprisonment for a period of not more than  30 days, or both.
        (Sec. 814)
                                362

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                             SALT LAKE COUNTY, UTAH


  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Garbage Ordinance of Salt Lake County, Utah, September 20, 1967.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Declaration of Policy

      2.  Definitions

          a.  Community waste - includes lawn cuttings, clippings from bushes
              and shrubs, leaves, sweepings from yards, tin cans, boiler ashes,
              newspapers, magazines, cardboard cartons, and stove ashes (but
              not building materials).

          b.  Garbage - includes swill and all animal, vegetable and food
              refuse from kitchens of residences, hotels, cafes, restaurants
              and places where food is prepared for human consumption.

          c.  Refuse - includes combustible trash, including, but not limited
              to, paper, cartons, boxes, barrels, wood, excelsior, tree
              branches, yard trimmings, wood furniture, bedding; noncombustible
              trash, including, but not limited to, metal, tin cans, metal
              furniture, dirt, small quantities of rock and pieces of concrete
              glass, crockery, other mineral wastes; street rubbish, including,
              but not limited to, street sweepings, dirt, leaves, catch-basin
              dirt, contents of litter receptacles.

          d.  Exception  - includes earth and wastes from building operations,
              and solid wastes resulting from industrial processes and manu-
              facturing operations, such as food processing wastes,  boiler-
              house cinders, lumber, scraps and shavings. (Sec.  8-1-1)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Board of Health

      2.  Functions and Powers

          a.  To make rules and regulations and enforce the provisions of this
              ordinance in reference to garbage, scavenger and waste disposal
              work. (Sec. 8-2-1)

          b.  To answer and investigate all complaints, and when necessary,
              in its judgement, to declare the unsanitary condition  a public
              nuisance, (Sec. 8-2-2)
                                      363

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         c.  To establish such garbage districts as it may deem necessary for
             the proper conduct of the Department.  (Sec. 8-2-3)

         d.  To submit proposed contracts for the handling or disposal of any
             refuse, trade waste and market waste.  (Sec. 8-2-4)

         e.  To declare worn-out, rusted or filthy containers public nuisances.
             (Sec.  8-2-5)

IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards  and Regulations

         a.  The Board of County Commissioners may provide for the collection
             and disposal, at the expense of the county, of residential refuse.
             (Sec.  8-3-2)

         b.  The Board must provide for the collection of junk and tree limbs
             at least once each month. (Sec. 8-3-3)

         c.  Collection vehicle must be covered completely with a heavy duty
             canvas or other heavy acceptable material at all times. (Sec.
             8-3-4)

         d.  All waste receptacles must be set out for collection at such
             places and times as may be desingated by the Board of Health.
             (Sec.  8-4-2)

         e.  Every  owner must provide suitable and sufficient approved re-
             ceptacles for receiving and holding refuse.  No receptacle shall
             be filled to exceed 100 pounds in weight. (Sec. 8-4-5)

         f.  All garbage and market waste must be placed in rain-proof and
             fly-proof receptacles with tight covers. (Sec. 8-4-11)

         g.  Waste  disposal contractors can dump the contents of their col-
             lecting vehicles only in designated places. (Sec. 8-4-19)

         h.  All refuse not collected by the county must be collected and
             disposed of by the licensed collectors at the expense of the
             owner. (Sec. 8-4-20)

     2.   Prohibited Activities

         a.  It shall be unlawful to allow any garbage, trade waste or rubbish
             to fall and remain on any place or road. (Sec. 8-3-5)

         b.  It shall be unlawful to break any receptacle and to litter.
             (Sec.  8-3-6)
                                    364

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        c.  It shall be unlawful to place receptacles within 20  feet of any
            occupied dwellings. (Sec. 8-4-3)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to refuse to remove refuse within a reasonable
            time after notice is given.  (Sec. 8-4-4)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to dunp except in an incinerator or proper
            disposal device.  (Sec. 8-4-6)

        f.  It shall be unlawful to deposit garbage in wooden boxes, barrels
            or paste board cartons. (Sec. 8-4-8)

        g.  It shall be unlawful to allow any loaded vehicle to  remain on
            any public street any longer than necessary.  (Sec. 8-4-10)

        h.  It shall be unlawful to burn any garbage or refuse in the open
            air. (Sec. 8-4-14)

        i.  It shall be unlawful to permit any dead animal to remain on the
            premises longer than three hours. (Sec. 8-4-16) It shall be
            unlawful to throw dead animals in water. (Sec. 8-4-17)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Only licensee can collect garbage. (Sec. 8-3-1)

        b.  Disposing of waste requires permits from the Board of Health.
            (Sec. 8-4-1)

    2.  Liability

        When an occupant of any premises fails to pay the fee for removal
        of garbage or refuse, the Board of Health shall refuse further
        collection until the required fee is paid. (Sec. 8-5-1)

    3.  Penalties

        Any person violating any provision of this ordinance shall be
        fined not to exceed $299.00 or imprisoned not to exceed  six months,
        or by both.   A corporation violating a provision of this title
        shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $1,000.00. (Sec. 8-5-1)
                                    365

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                    FAIRFAX COUNTY,  VIRGINIA


  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chapter 14,  Garbage, Trash and Refuse, Fairfax County Code, July 15, 1961.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Declaration of Policy

      2.   Definitions

          a.  Sanitary landfill - includes any land upon which refuse is
              dumped, thoroughly compacted and promptly covered with earth or
              other suitable material under constant supervision of the oper-
              ator of the landfill and in such manner as will prevent the entrance
              of rodents or other vermin, the breeding of insects, the escape
              of odors and the outbreak of fire. (Sec. 14-3)

          b.  Refuse - includes all solid waste of a community, including
              garbage, ashes, rubbish, street cleanings and solid market and
              industrial wastes, but not including body wastes. (Sec. 14-19)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Responsible Agency

          County Health Officer and Director Department of Public Works.

      2.   Functions and Powers

          a.  To issue permits for the operation of a sanitary landfill
              (Sec. 14-6) and for the removal_of refuse. (Sec. 14-20)

          b.  To inspect the operation of any sanitary landfill and to en-
              force the provisions of this Ordinance. (Sec. 14-17)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.   Standards and Regulations

          a.  Garbage must be kept enclosed in a watertight, flyproof con-
              tainer. (Sec. 14-2)

          b.  No person shall dispose of refuse other than at a sanitary
              landfill. (Sec. 14-5)

          c.  Sanitary landfills must be operated in accordance with the
              following requirements:
                                      366

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            (1)  A representative of the owner or operator of the landfill
                 must be present on the premises.

            (2)  All refuse must be throughly compacted before being covered.

            (3)  The area must be enclosed by a fence.

            (4)  The compacted refuse must be.completely covered to a depth
                 of at least 6 inches at the end of each daily operation.

            (5)  A landfill should not be abandoned exceeding thirty days.

            (6)  No watercourse or natural drainage way shall be blocked or
                 impared by landfill operations.

            (7)  No fires and salvage operations shall be permitted at a land-
                 fill at any time. (14-18)

        d.  The bodies of all collection vehicles must be constructed so as
            to prevent the refuse from spilling or being blown. (Sec. 14-30)

        e.  Refuse must be removed in such a manner that it does not create
            a nuisance or adversely affect public health.  No harmful material,
            including explosive, toxic, radioactive or highly combustible
            material, shall be removed for disposal, except by a special
            permission. (Sec. 14-31)

        f.  Each vehicle used for refuse removal must be emptied each time
            it is dumped and thoroughly cleaned twice a week when in use.
            (Sec. 14-34)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful to dump refuse on any road. (Sec. 14-1)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to place any garbage, ashes, trash, rubbish
            or other refuse in an offensive or insanitary manner and to
            maintain containers in a condition that promotes the breeding of
            flies or vermin. (Sec. 14-2)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to fail to remove any trash, garbage, refuse,
            or litter after notifications to remove. (Sec.  14-21)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to dump any refuse upon private land. (Sec.
            14-4)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to transfer refuse, other than refuse in
            containers, from one vehicle to another except in case of break-
            down. (Sec. 14-33)

V.  ENFORCEMENT
                                   367

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1.  Requirements for Permits

    a.  A permit is required to operate a sanitary landfill. (Sec. 14-6)

    b.  Sanitary landfill permits should be valid for a period not in
        excess of one year.  (Sec. 14-7)

    c.  No permit shall be granted unless a use permit from the Board of
        Zoning Appeals has been obtained. (Sec. 14-8)

    d.  The application for a private refuse license should be accompanied
        by a fee of $15. (Sec. 14-24)  The permittee for a sanitary
        landfill should pay a permit fee of $100. (Sec. 14-14)

    e.  Every person engaged in the removal of refuse must obtain an
        annual license from the Director of Finance. (Sec. 14-24)

    f.  A permit number must be permanently affixed to both sides of the
        vehicle. (Sec. 14-27)

2.  Inspection

    All vehicles used for refuse removal or transport have to be
    inspected by the approving authority. (Sec. 14-28)

3.  Administrative Proceedings

    Sanitary landfill permits are subject to revocation if the
    operation of such landfill endangers the health, safety or general
    welfare.  Before revoking any permit, the board of county
    supervisors must give the holder at least ten days written notice
    of the time and place for hearing and must conduct a hearing on
    the matter. (Sec. 14-9)

4.  Penalties

    Violation of any provisions of this code constitutes a mis-
    demeanor and shall be prosecuted in accordance with section  1-6
    of this code. (Sec. 14-36)

5.  Performance Bonds

    All persons engaging in the removal of refuse must furnish a
    bond in an amount equal to not less than $500 for each vehicle,
    but not to exceed $3000. In case of failure to correct any
    neglect or noncompliance, the bond shall be forfeited.  The
    original bond shall be for a period of not less than  12 months
    and shall be renex^ed annually. (Sec. 14-25)
                               368

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                      PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, VIRGINIA

  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Chapter 10 Garbage, Trash and Ashes, as amended, Prince William County
      Code, 1965.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.  Definitions

          a.  Non-putrescible ash - includes any solid product of a combustible
              process which, when placed upon the ground, will not be the
              source of foul odors or support the multiplication of insects
              and rodents. (Sec. 10-2)

          b.  Refuse - includes all solid and semi-liquid waste of a community
              including garbage, ashes, rubbish, street cleanings and solid
              market and industrial wastes, but not including human or animal
              body wastes. (Sec. 10-2)

          c.  Refuse disposal site - includes any area set aside and licensed
              under permits issued under terms and conditions of this article
              for the disposal of refuse. (Sec. 10-2)

          d.  Refuse remover - includes any person engaged in the removing or
              transporting of refuse for compensation from two or more res-
              idential, commercial or industrial establishments, either within
              or without the county. (Sec. 10-11)

          e.  Vehicles - includes any truck or trailer used for transporting
              refuse from the premises from which it is collected to the
              point of refuse disposal. (Sec. 10-11)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.  Responsible Agency

          Health Department

      2.  Functions and Powers

          To issue permits to operate refuse disposal sites and to engage in
          refuse removing. (Section 10-7 and 10-19)

 IV.  SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

      1.  Standards and Regulations
                                     369

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    a.   Each collection vehicle shall transport refuse in such a
        manner as  not to create a nuisance or adversely affect public
        health.   The refuse shall not be spilled,  dumped or thrown
        into any street, court, lane, alley, sewer inlet or vacant lot.
        Liquid and semiliquid refuse shall be carried in watertight
        containers. (Sec.  10-12)

    b.   Two types  of vehicles shall be allowed for transportation:

        (1)   A vehicle constructed with a watertight body, completely
              enclosed and covered;

        (2)   A vehicle with a non-watertight body, with built-in cover,
              or with tarpaulin or equally effective cover. (Sec. 10-13)

    c.   All collection vehicles shall be provided  with Eire extinguishers,
        (Sec.  10-14)

    d.   No vehicle shall be emptied in the county  other than an approved
        refuse disposal site. (Sec. 10-17)

    e.   Each vehicle shall be completely emptied each time it is dumped
        and thoroughly cleaned twice a week. (Sec. 10-18)

    f.   Refuse shall be collected not less than:

        (1)   Once weekly  during October, November, December, January,
              February, March and April;

        (2)   Twice weekly during May, June, July, August, and September.

    g.   Commercial establishments shall have more  frequent collections.
        (Section 10.20-1)

2.  Prohibited Activities

    a.   It shall be unlawful to remove known harmful materials for
        disposal except pursuant to a special permit. (Sec. 10-38)

    b.   It shall be unlawful to burn refuse except tree limbs and trunks
        and auto tires, at the sanitary landfill.  (Sec. 10-3(4)

    c.   It shall be unlawful to engage in refuse removing without first
        having obtained an annual license.  (Sec.  10-27)

3.  Approved Operations of Solid Waste Facilities.

    a.   The operation of sanitary landfill shall meet the following
        conditions :
                              370

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            (1)  An all-weather road to the unloading area shall be provided.

            (2)  All refuse, except bulky items, shall be spread and
                 thoroughly compacted in cells to a depth not greater than  lour
                 feet.

            (3)  Each day's accumulation (a cell) shall be covered with a
                 minimui11 six-inch layer of soil.  Final cover shall be at
                 least two feet of compacted soil.

            (4)  Salvage shall be permissible, provided that salvage
                 materials shall be hauled as.'ay at least once a week.

            (5)  Dust control measures shall be applied.

            (6)  Adequate insect and rodent control treasures shall bt? ex-
                 ercised.

            (7)  The filling area shall be totally enclosed by a fence ot
                 all times.

            (8)  Representative of owner or operator shall be on the premises
                 when in operation.

            (9)  A landfill shall not be abandoned for more than 30 days
                 unless the entire exposed surface has been covered with a
                 material to a depth of at least two feet.

            (10) No watercourse or natural drainage shall be blocked or
                 impaired by the landfill operations,

            (11) In the event of any breakdown in equipment, the landfill
                 shall be closed until the equipment is repaired.

        b.  Incineration is acceptable subject to the following conditions:

            (1)  The incinerator shall be of an enclosed type.

            (2)  It shall preclude the production of nuisance from, odor,
                 smoke, air pollution, etc.

            (3)  The temperature roust be such as to produce non-putrescible
                 ash .

            (4)  If the incinerator fails to produce a non-putrescible ash,
                 the product shall be disposed of by sanitary landfill.
                 (Sec. 10-3)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits
                                    371

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    a.  Prior to the issuance of a permit all vehicles to be operated
        shall be inspected. (Sec. 10-21)

    b.  Every refuse rerrover shall have all collection vehicles inspected
        annually by the Health Department. (Sec. 10-36)

3.  Liability for Violators

    The Board of Supervisors may revoke a permit if the operation
    of the disposal site in question is not in accordance with this
    article.  (Sec. 10-10.1)

4.  Penalties

    a.  Any person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor who shall dump
        trash on highway, etc. (Sec. 10-1)

    b.  Any person violating this article shall be punished by a fine
        not exceeding $300 or confinement in jail not exceeding 30 days
        or both. (Ssc. 10-6)

5.  Performance Bond

    a.  Each holder of a permit shall furnish a bond in an amount not
        less than $500 for each vehicle, but not exceeding $3000.
        (Sec. 10-31)
                           t
    b.  The bond shall be for not less than 12 months and shall be
        renewed annually.  (Sec. 10-32)

    c.  In case of neglect in handling refuse, the bond shall be for-
        feited. (Sec. 10-35)
                                372

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                   CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER AREA,  GEORGIA


  I.  NAME OF ORDINANCE

      Ordinance for Refuse Storage, Collection,  and Disposal.

 II.  GENERAL STATEMENT

      1.   Definitions

          a.  Refuse - includes  all solid wastes of a community,  including
              garbage, ashes,  rubbish,  dead animals,  street cleanings,  and
              solid market, and  industrial wastes,  but not  including body
              wastes. (Sec. 1)

          b.  Garbage - includes putrescible animal and vegetable wastes
              resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking and/or
              consumption of foods. (Sec. 8)

          c.  Ashes - includes  residue  from the  burning of  wood,  coal,  coke,
              or other combustible materials.  (Sec. 8)

          d.  Rubbish - includes non-putrescible solid wastes,  excluding  ashes,
              consisting of paper, cardboard,  tin cans, yard clippings, wood,
              glass, bedding,  crockery, metals,  and similar materials.  (Sec.  8)

          e.  Dead Animals - includes small, dead animals;  not  exceeding  75
              pounds each in weight, which die in the normal course of
              community activity excluding condemned  animals, animals from a
              slaughter house,  or other animals  normally considered industrial
              refuse. (Sec. 8)

III.  ADMINISTRATION

      1.   Functions and Powers  of Responsible  Agency.

          a.  To implement and  enforce  the provisions of this ordinance.

          b.  To control the storage, collection, and disposal  of refuse.

          c.  To provide a public refuse collection and refuse  disposal
              service.

          d.  To approve and regulate the establishment, maintenance, and
              operation of private refuse collection  systems and  refuse-
              disposal methods and sites. (Sec.  2)

          e.  To issue permits to engage in the  business of refuse collection
              or refuse disposal. (Sec. 4)
                                      373

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IV.   SCOPE OF LEGISLATION

     1.   Standards and Regulations

         a.  The following refuse  shall  be  considered  to  be  acceptable for
             collection:  garbage,  ashes, rubbish,  and  dead animals.  (Sec.  8)

         b.  Refuse not acceptable  for collection  by  the  responsible authority
             Is as follows:  dangerous  materials" or substances,  unusual
             quantities of materials  resulting from the  repair,  excavation,  or
             construction of buildings or structures,  materials  which have
             not been prepared for  collection in accordance  with these
             regulations, and the  solid  wastes resulting  from industrial
             process.  (Sec.  9)

         c«  Bulky rubbish such as  trees, weeds, and  large cardboard boxes,
             may be bundled  so as not  to exceed 4  feet in length nor 50 pounds
             in weight. (Sec. 10:b)

         d.  All other refuse must  be  stored in durable metal,  watertight  and
             easily washable containers, which have close-fitting lids and
             adequate handles.   Such  containers must  be  of not  less  than 10
             gallons nor more than  33  gallons in capacity.  Plastic  or paper
             refuse sacks can be used  if they are  of  a type accepted by the
             health officials,  and  if  at least twice  weekly  collection is
             provided. (Sec. 10:c)

         e.  Garbage must be drained  and wrapped.  (Sec.  10:d)

         f.  Ashes containing hot  embers shall not be  placed in containers
             for collection. (Sec.  10:f)

         g.  All household,  institutional,  business,  and  industrial  refuse
             must be collected twice weekly. (Sec. 12:a and b)

         h.  All refuse to be collected  must be placed not more than 100 feet
             from property line abutting the main  street.  All  rubbish such
             as yard clippings  and  bulky items must be placed at curb in
             suitable containers.  (Sec,  13)

         i.  All disposal of refuse must be by methods in accordance with
             requirements of state  and local law,  arid must include the max-
             imum practicable rodent,  insect, and  nuisance control.  (Sec.  14:a)

         j.  Animal offal and carcasses  of dead animals  must be burried or
             cremated as directed  by  the responsible  authority  or must be
             rendered at 40 pounds  per square inch of steam pressure or
             higher, or must be heated by equivalent  cooking. (Sec.  14:c)

         k.  All vehicles must have enclosed bodies,  or  suitable provisions
             for covering the body.   Use of a tarpaulin or canvas cover to
             enclose-open bodies of collection vehicles  may be
             permitted when specifically approved. (Sec.  15:a)
                                      374

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        Ic  Vehicles must be watertight, metal bodies of easily  cleanable
            construction, must be cleaned at sufficient frequency  to  prevent
            nuisance or insect-breeding. (Sec. 15:b)

    2.  Prohibited Activities

        a.  It shall be unlawful for any person who does not posess an
            unrevoked permit to engarre in refuse collection or disposal.
            (Sec. 4)

        b.  It shall be unlawful to place any refuse except as designated
            by the terns of thjs oH'r)A'i, ,  (Sec. 5)

        c.  It shall be unlawful to <.< r>,:-r... <_ a non-functioning motor  vehicles,
            appliances, machinery, equiprent or parts thereof upon any
            public or private land. (Sec, 10:a)

        d.  It shall be unlawful to permit refuse, except bulky  rubbish, to
            accumulate on any premises except in approved containers.  (Sec.
            10:e)

        e.  It shall be unlawful to tamper with, remove covers,  overturn,
            or otherwise danage receptacles or create litter or  health
            problems. (Sec. 10:g)

        f.  It shall be unlawful to burn at any public disposal  site.
            (Sec. 13:b)

V.  ENFORCEMENT

    1.  Requirements for Permits

        a.  Any person who wants to engage in rcfusf collect-' T.  or disposal
            must possess an unrevoked oermit from the responsible  authority.
            (Sec. 4  :a)

        b«  A permit issued under this ordinance shall expire on the  last
            day of each fiscal year and  may be renewable annually. (Sec. 4:d)

        c.  It is unlawful to transfer permits from one person to  another.
            (Sec. 4:e)

    2..  Inspection

        The responsible authority has the power to enter at reasonable
        times upon private or public property for the purpose of in-
        specting and investigating conditions relating to the enforcement
        of the provisions of this ordinance. (Sec. 7)

    3.  Liability for Violations
                             375

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            The responsible authority may suspend or  revoke  permits  if an
            order is issued and corrective action has not  been taken within
            the time specified in the notice.  (Sec. 6:c)

        4.  Administrative Proceedings

            a.  Any person whose application  for a permit  has  been denied may
                request a hearing.  (Sec. 4:c)

            b.  Any person who is affected by  any notice  issued in connection
                with the enforcement of any provision of  this  ordianance may
                request, and shall be granted, a hearing.  Such person must
                file a written petition requesting such hearing within 10 days
                after the day the notice was  served.  At  such  hearings, the
                petitioner must be given an opportunity to be  heard.  The hearing
                must be commenced not later than 10 days  after the day on xvhich
                the petition was filed. (Sec.  6:b)

        5.  Penalties

            Any person who violates any provision of  this  ordinance, upon
            conviction, shall be punished by  a fine of not less than
            $	or, by imprisonment for not less  than	days nor more
            than	days. (Sec. 16)

        6.  Injunctive Powers

            Whenever an emergency exists involving a  serious health hazard,
            the responsible authority may, without notice  or hearing, issue
            a written order reciting the conditions violating  this ordinance
            which require corrective action to remove such health hazard.
            If such corrective action is not  taken, the responsible authority
            may take such action as may be necessary  to protect the public
            health. (Sec. 6:e)
                                                                    ua550
                                       376
flUS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1972  484-484/183  1-3

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